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[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: Mythology is a box set compilation of recordings by the Gibb Brothers, mostly performed as the Bee Gees, arranged in a four disc set each highlighting a Gibb brother. Barry and Robin chose their own songs (presumably their personal favourites), with Maurice's songs selected by his widow Yvonne and Andy's songs selected by his daughter Peta. Several U.S. and U.K. hits are absent from this collection including \"Lonely Days\", \"How Can You Mend a Broken Heart\", \"You Should Be Dancing\", \"Nights on Broadway\", \"World\" and \"One\".\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: \"Tomorrow Tomorrow\" is a song by the Bee Gees written by Barry and Maurice Gibb. The song was originally intended to be recorded by Joe Cocker. It was the first Bee Gees single released after Robin Gibb had quit the group which was now down to a trio featuring Barry Gibb, Maurice Gibb, and drummer Colin Petersen.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: Robin's Reign was the first solo album by singer Robin Gibb, a member of the Bee Gees with his brothers Barry and Maurice. Robin had left the group following a disagreement with his brother Barry over who should sing lead vocals. The album was not a commercial success, though it did spawn Gibb's solo hit, \"Saved by the Bell\" (UK #2). The other songs in the album were produced by Gibb, and the rest was produced with his (then new) manager, Vic Lewis. This album was reissued by RSO Records in 1978 and reissued in 1991 on Spectrum Records. The album had a limited CD release in Germany and was made available digitally on Amazon and Spotify in 2011 and iTunes the following year. Gibb would not release another solo album until 1983.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: \"The Longest Night\" is a ballad number performed by the Bee Gees, with lead vocals by Robin Gibb. This song was written by Barry Gibb, Robin Gibb and Maurice Gibb, and was released in September 1987, from the album \"E.S.P.\".\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: \"I Laugh in Your Face\" is a ballad performed by the Bee Gees, written by Barry, Robin & Maurice Gibb and released in March 1969 on the album \"Odessa\". Most of the vocal solos are performed by Barry Gibb except for a little part in the middle of the song sung by Robin Gibb.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: \"The Only Love\" is a ballad performed by the Bee Gees, It was written and produced by Barry Gibb, Robin Gibb and Maurice Gibb, lead vocals by Barry Gibb. Released on their 1991 album \"High Civilization\".\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Robin Gibb is the first EP released by British singer-songwriter Robin Gibb, released in 1985 on Amiga Records only in Germany.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: \"Lamplight\" is a song by the Bee Gees, released as the B-side of \"First of May\", but featured as the single's A-side in Germany. It also featured on their double album \"Odessa\" in March 1969. The song was written and composed by Barry, Robin & Maurice Gibb and featured lead vocals by Robin Gibb. No other singles were released from the album, and the fact that the group's manager Robert Stigwood chose \"First of May\", which only featured Barry Gibb's voice for the A-side, that caused Robin to quit the group (he would return in 1970).\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: \"Saved by the Bell\" is a 1969 single written and recorded by Robin Gibb. It was released in June 1969 and has been certified gold. It was the lead single on Gibb's debut album \"Robin's Reign\", released in early 1970. According to Vinyl Records, the song was co-produced by Kenny Clayton. Gibb also made a promotional video for this song. The song gained commercial success in Europe, but was a commercial failure in the US." ]

[ "Passage 1" ]

[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: Colum McCann (born 28 February 1965) is an Irish writer of literary fiction. He was born in Dublin, Ireland and now lives in New York. He is a Distinguished Professor of Creative Writing in the Master of Fine Arts program at Hunter College, New York with fellow novelists Peter Carey and Tea Obreht, and has visited many universities and colleges all over the world.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Mícheál Ó hAodha was born in Galway, Ireland, the eldest of 11 children, Ó hAodha grew up between the west of Ireland and the north of England. He is one of the last of a very small group of poets who write in both Irish and English. His first collection, the bilingual “Survivor” Dúchas Dóchasach (2007) was introduced by National Book Award winner Colum McCann and illustrated by Irish-African artist Jean Hakizimana. His collection \"Slán le hÉireann (Coiscéim] 2012)\" (A Farewell to Ireland: Migrant Poems) on the experiences of Irish construction workers in England received high praise in \"Poetry Ireland\" and other publications.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: Dancer is a novel based on the life of Rudolf Nureyev, written by Colum McCann and published in 2003.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Peter Ackroyd, {'1': \", '2': \", '3': \", '4': \"} (born 5 October 1949) is an English biographer, novelist and critic with a particular interest in the history and culture of London. For his novels about English history and culture and his biographies of, among others, William Blake, Charles Dickens, T. S. Eliot and Sir Thomas More, he won the Somerset Maugham Award and two Whitbread Awards. He is noted for the volume of work he has produced, the range of styles therein, his skill at assuming different voices and the depth of his research.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Hawksmoor is a 1985 novel by the English writer Peter Ackroyd. It won Best Novel at the 1985 Whitbread Awards and the Guardian Fiction Prize. It tells the parallel stories of Nicholas Dyer, who builds seven churches in 18th-century London for which he needs human sacrifices, and Nicholas Hawksmoor, detective in the 1980s, who investigates murders committed in the same churches. \"Hawksmoor\" has been praised as Peter Ackroyd's best novel and an example of postmodernism.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Jeffrey Rotter is a writer. He has written for numerous publications, including \"The New York Times\", \"Spin magazine\", ESPN, \"McSweeney’s\", \"The Literary Review\" and \"The New York Observer\". In 2006 he completed his MFA in fiction at Hunter College, where he studied under Peter Carey, Colson Whitehead, Colum McCann, and Andrew Sean Greer. At Hunter he was awarded a Hertog Fellowship to perform research for Jennifer Egan. A longtime Brooklyn resident, he lives with his wife and their small boy, Felix.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: TransAtlantic is a novel by Colum McCann, published in June 2013.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: English Music is the sixth novel by Peter Ackroyd. Published in 1992, it is both a \"bildungsroman\" and, in the words of critic John Barrell, \"partly a series of rhapsodies and meditations on the nature of English culture, written in the styles of various great authors.\" As with all Ackroyd's previous novels, it focuses on London, although on this occasion partly as a backdrop for English culture in general.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: Zoli is a novel by Colum McCann. It follows the life of Marienka Novotna, nicknamed \"Zoli\", a Slovak Romani woman, from her childhood in the 1930s, through her exile in the 1950s, to her late adult life. Although Zoli is a fictional character, her life is loosely based on that of the Polish Romani poet Papusza (Bronisława Wajs).\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Let the Great World Spin is a novel by Colum McCann set in New York City in the United States. The book won the 2009 U.S. National Book Award for Fiction and the 2011 International IMPAC Dublin Literary Award, one of the most lucrative literary prizes in the world. Its title comes from the poem \"Locksley Hall\" by Alfred, Lord Tennyson." ]

[ "Passage 4", "Passage 1" ]

[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: Hubworld is an defunct American children's news magazine television series on The Hub. It was produced by Natural 9 Entertainment with an association with Hasbro Studios. The program premiered on November 5, 2010 and was hosted by actor/magician Justin \"Kredible\" Willman. The program's premiere date was delayed from The Hub's launch date on October 10, 2010, to November due to unknown factors.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Castaway is an Australian children's television series that premiered in Australia on the Seven Network on 12 February 2011. The series is a sequel to the 2008 series \"Trapped\". It was delayed from its initial premiere date in 2010 and as a result first aired on Swedish television, premiering on 1 November 2010 and ending on 6 December 2010.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: The Three Musketeers () is a 2014 South Korean television series starring Jung Yong-hwa, Lee Jin-wook, Yang Dong-geun, Jung Hae-in, and Seo Hyun-jin. Loosely based on Alexandre Dumas's novel \"The Three Musketeers\", the series follows three Joseon-era adventurers who serve Crown Prince Sohyeon as his warrior guards. It aired on cable channel tvN from August 17 to November 2, 2014 on Sundays at 21:00 for 12 episodes.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Jung Seol-bin (] ), formerly Jung Hae-in (born 6 January 1990), is a South Korean football player for Incheon Red Angels and the South Korean national team. She participated at the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Divided is an American television game show broadcast by Game Show Network (GSN) based on the British series of the same name. Each episode consists of four contestants playing as one team who must agree on answers to questions they are given. The longer it takes the team to come to an agreement, the less money the team earns for each question. The series, hosted by Mike Richards, premiered January 19, 2017, with some critics believing that the show's name and timing were appropriate given the tumultuous preceding presidential election and its premiere date coming the day before the inauguration.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Ex on the Beach Poland is a Polish reality television series that is broadcast on MTV. The series' premiere date was announced on 17 October 2016 and the show premiered on 7 November 2016. It features eight single men and women enjoying a summer holiday in paradise whilst looking for love. However, they were joined by their exes to shake things up. Each ex was there either for painful revenge or to rekindle their love. This is another Polish adaptation of a foreign series by MTV Poland after \"Warsaw Shore\".\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Newlyweds: The First Year is an American reality television series that premiered on May 6, 2013, on Bravo. The series chronicles the lives of four newly married couples from across the country. It follows the duos from their actual wedding day until their one-year anniversary, highlighting everything that occurs in between. None of the couples ever meet but viewers see the commonalities between their married lives. On October 7, 2013, the series was renewed for a second season. In April 2014, Bravo announced the third season renewal with both seasons airing in late 2014 and 2015. However, Bravo later pushed the premiere date and the second season premiered on March 10, 2015. The number of episodes was increased from eight to ten.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Vacation with Derek is a 2010 Canadian television movie based on the TV series \"Life with Derek\". The TV movie follows the McDonald-Venturi family as the children are forced to spend part of their summer vacation with their grandmother at her lodge. It was announced on Family Channel and French-Canadian channel VRAK.TV in March 2010 that the movie would premiere on June 25, 2010 in Canada, while December 12, 2010 was listed as the premiere date in the trailer for the United States, but the move never actually aired in the U.S. when it was supposed to; the movie finally premiered in the United States on Starz Kids & Family on March 6, 2011. A commercial on Nickelodeon Australia stated that it would premiere on June 19, 2010. A commercial on TG4 stated the Irish premiere would be on the channel Thursday October 28, 2010 at 5:10 p.m., part of the channel's Mid-Term Halloween movie week." ]

[]

[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: 5 Steps to Danger is a 1957 American crime film directed, produced, and co–written by Henry S. Kesler. The film starred Ruth Roman and Sterling Hayden, with a cast that also included Werner Klemperer, Richard Gaines, Charles Davis, Jeanne Cooper, and Peter Hansen. \"5 Steps to Danger\" was based on the novel \"The Steel Mirror\" by Donald Hamilton.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Charles Maury Wallace Sterling (born September 1, 1971) is an American actor. He is best known for playing Max in \"Homeland\", Rafferty in the comedy film \"Beverly Hills Chihuahua\" and Lester Tremor in the action film \"Smokin' Aces\".\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: The Penalty is a 1941 American crime film directed by Harold S. Bucquet and written by Harry Ruskin and John C. Higgins. The film stars Edward Arnold, Lionel Barrymore, Marsha Hunt, Robert Sterling, Gene Reynolds and Emma Dunn. The film was released on March 14, 1941, by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Crime of Passion is a 1957 American crime film noir directed by Gerd Oswald and written by Jo Eisinger. The drama features Barbara Stanwyck, Sterling Hayden and Raymond Burr.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: City Girl is a 1938 American crime film directed by Alfred L. Werker and written by Lester Ziffren, Frances Hyland and Robin Harris. The film stars Ricardo Cortez, Phyllis Brooks, Robert Wilcox, Douglas Fowley, Chick Chandler and Esther Muir. The film was released on January 7, 1938, by 20th Century Fox.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: The Penalty is an American crime film starring Lon Chaney and originally released in 1920. The movie was directed by Wallace Worsley, and written by Philip Lonergan and Charles Kenyon, based upon the pulp novel by Gouverneur Morris. The supporting cast includes Charles Clary, Doris Pawn, Jim Mason, and Claire Adams.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Smokin' Aces is a 2006 American crime film, written and directed by Joe Carnahan. It stars Jeremy Piven as a Las Vegas magician turned mafia informant and Ryan Reynolds as the FBI agent assigned to protect him. This film was the official debut of R&B singer Grammy-winner Alicia Keys as an actress and rapper Grammy-winner Common as an actor, and also starred Ben Affleck, Jason Bateman, Andy García, Ray Liotta, Chris Pine and Matthew Fox. The film is set in Lake Tahoe and was mainly filmed at MontBleu Resort Casino & Spa, called the \"Nomad Casino\".\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Even Money is a 2006 American crime film.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: Bunco Squad is a 1950 American crime film directed by Herbert I. Leeds and written by George Callahan. The film stars Robert Sterling, Joan Dixon, Ricardo Cortez, Douglas Fowley and Elisabeth Risdon. The film was released on September 1, 1950, by RKO Pictures.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: London Blackout Murders is a 1943 American crime film directed by George Sherman and written by Curt Siodmak. The film stars John Abbott, Mary McLeod, Lloyd Corrigan, Lester Matthews, Anita Sharp-Bolster and Louis Borel. The film was released on January 15, 1943, by Republic Pictures." ]

[ "Passage 7", "Passage 2" ]

[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: The 65th Aggressor Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit. It was last assigned to the 57th Adversary Tactics Group at Nellis Air Force Base, Nevada.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: The 18th Aggressor Squadron is a subordinate unit of the 354th Fighter Wing based at Eielson Air Force Base in Alaska, and flies the Block 30 General Dynamics F-16C/D aircraft.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: The 2nd Troop Carrier Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit. It was last assigned to the 65th Troop Carrier Group. It was inactivated at Mitchel Air Force Base, New York on 1 April 1953.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: The 65th Air Division (65th AD) is an inactive United States Air Force organization. Its last assignment was with United States Air Forces in Europe, assigned to Seventeenth Air Force, being stationed at Lindsey Air Station, Germany. It was inactivated on 30 June 1991.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: The 64th Aggressor Squadron is a United States Air Force unit. It is assigned to the 57th Adversary Tactics Group at Nellis Air Force Base, Nevada.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Marine Aircraft Group 41 (MAG-41) is a United States Marine Corps reserve aviation unit based at Naval Air Station Joint Reserve Base Fort Worth, Texas that is currently composed of one F/A-18A+ squadron, one KC-130T squadron, an aviation logistics squadron, as well as detachments from wing support and air control squadrons. Following decommissioning of Marine Aircraft Group 46 in 2009, MAG-41 also assumed command responsibility for the geographically separated Northrop F-5F aggressor squadron based at Marine Corps Air Station Yuma, Arizona and a Boeing Vertol CH-46 squadron HMM-764 based at Edwards Air Force Base, California. HMM-764 transitioned to the MV-22B in 2013 and relocated to MCAS Miramar.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: The 65th Bombardment Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit. It was last assigned to the 43d Bombardment Wing at Carswell Air Force Base, Texas, where it was inactivated on 31 January 1970.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: The 527th Space Aggressor Squadron (527 SAS) is a non-flying United States Air Force unit assigned to the 57th Adversary Tactics Group. The 527 SAS is stationed at Schriever Air Force Base, Colorado, being a Geographically Separated Unit (GSU) of the 57 ATG, which is stationed at Nellis AFB, Nevada.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: The 26th Space Aggressor Squadron (26 SAS) is a unit of the United States Air Force located at Schriever Air Force Base, Colorado. It is part of the 926th Group and is the Reserve Associate of the 527th Space Aggressor Squadron." ]

[ "Passage 1" ]

[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: \"Home is the Sailor\" is the sixth-season premiere of the American television sitcom \"Cheers\". It originally aired on September 24, 1987 on NBC. It is also the first episode including the fictional character Rebecca Howe, portrayed by Kirstie Alley, as the permanent female lead. It follows \"I Do, Adieu\", which was Shelley Long's last of her regular appearances as the female lead, Diane Chambers, who also left Boston on the show.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: She started her acting career by playing Princess Chaula in Zee TV's television series \"Shobha Somnath Ki\". The show wrapped up and she was immediately approached to play the female lead opposite renowned comedian Vennela Kishore in his first ever movie as a Hero. She made her film debut with Vennela Kishore as the female lead in the 2013 Telugu Romantic-comedy film Athadu Aame O Scooter. She also appeared as a female lead in MTV's Webbed series opposite Abhishek Malik. She was the female protagonist in the Valentines Day special of Fireworks Productions's SuperCops vs Supervillains in Life OK. And then appeared in 3 different stories of Fireworks Productions longest running show, Aahat as the Female Lead on Sony TV.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: Makalkku is a 2005 Malayalam film, made in India, by Jayaraj, and starring Suresh Gopi and Shobana in lead roles.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Shammi (born as Nargis Rabadi in 1931), in a Parsi family is an Indian film actress who appeared in over two hundred Hindi films. Shammi remained a sought after with filmmakers when it came to goofy and comic roles especially in the period 1949-1969 and later from 1980-2002. She has been a leading actress playing main female lead or second female lead in Hindi films between 1949-1955 as well. Later since 1986 till 1998 she appeared in many popular television serials like Dekh Bhai Dekh, Zabaan Sambhal Ke, Shriman Shrimati, Kabhi Yeh Kabhi Woh and Filmi Chakkar. Shammi was married to film producer director Sultan Ahmed for seven years, before they were divorced. . Shammi is the younger sister of fashion designer, mani Rabadi.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Tina Ona Paukstelis is an American actress. She was born November 20, 1970 in Kenosha, Wisconsin. The majority of her film work is in the horror film genre. Her debut was the lead role of 'Katrina' in the 1994 vampire film \"Aswang\" - the first horror film to screen at the \"Sundance Film Festival\". Paukstelis next starred as an endangered teenager in the cult movie \"5 Dark Souls\" (1996) and its 1998 and 2003 sequels. Throughout the 2000s she continued to land lead and supporting roles in the horror films \"Julia Wept\" (2000), \"October Moon\" (2005), \"\" (2008), and \"The Legend Trip\" (2006). Her most recent film is the haunted house thriller \"Safe Inside (film)\" (2013).\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Kanika Tiwari (born 9 March 1996) is an Indian actress from Madhya Pradesh. She debuted into Bollywood with Agneepath (2012). She has acted as female lead in Telugu film \"Boy Meets Girl (2014)\", Kannada film \"Rangan Style (2014)\", and Tamil film \"Aavi Kumar (2015)\". She is said to act in female lead for season 2 of \"Diya Aur Baati Hum\".\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Sangeeta Krishnasamy is a famous Malaysian actress and model of Indian origin. She became the first Malaysian actress to act in Kollywood movie after making an appearance in Venkat Prabhu's hit Goa and as the female lead in 'ZHA' among famous South Indian film actors. In 2015 was the female lead for two hit Malaysian Tamil movies 'Vetti Pasanga' & Vennira Iravugal. Vennira Iravugal became an acclaimed Malaysian Tamil movie after it was screened in several film festivals around Europe, and after winning a special jury award at the Norway Tamil Film Festival in 2014 and subsequently taking home all 5 awards in all categories at the Malaysian Kalai Ulagam Awards in 2015. Currently, she is among the top actress in Malaysian Tamil Cinema after winning both categories at the Malaysian Kalai Ulagam Award 2015 for best actress in movie and telemovie category.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Li Xin’ai (born April 10, 1990), also known as Li Zhen, a Chinese singer, actress. She was born, raised in Xi’An, China, with a quarter of Russian origin. Without any acting experience before, she was chosen to be the female lead in Jay Chou’s second movie The Rooftop, which would release on July 11, 2013 in Mainland China. On May 27, 2013, the press conference of the movie “The Rooftop” was held in Beijing, first time reveal the female lead for the movie, according to executive producer Will Liu, it was a coincidence to find Li, Xin’ai when he crossing the road and find the in the other side fitted to the female lead in the movie character setting. Li, Xin’Ai was found by the executive producer Will Liu coincidently when she crossing the street. Thus Li, Xin’Ai became a “Cinderella of the zebra crossing”.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: Shruti Haasan is an Indian film actress, composer and playback singer who works in Telugu, Hindi, and Tamil cinema. Born into the prominent Haasan family, she is the daughter of actors Kamal Haasan and Sarika Thakur. Shruti Haasan started her career as a playback singer at the age of six in the 1992 Tamil film \"Thevar Magan\". She later made a cameo appearance in her father's Tamil-Hindi bilingual directorial \"Hey Ram\" (2000). Haasan's first major appearance was in Soham Shah's Hindi film \"Luck\" (2009), in which she played a dual role of a woman avenging her twin sister's death. She played the female lead in the films \"Anaganaga O Dheerudu\" and \"7aum Arivu\"; both were released in 2011 and together earned her the Best Female Debut – South at the 59th Filmfare Awards South ceremony. Her subsequent releases \"Oh My Friend\" (2011) and \"3\" (2012) were commercially unsuccessful. The latter earned her a nomination for the Best Actress – Tamil at the 60th Filmfare Awards South ceremony. A turning point came in Hassan's career with Harish Shankar's commercially successful Telugu film \"Gabbar Singh\" (2012). The release was followed by a series of successful films such as \"Balupu\" (2013) and \"Yevadu\" (2014). She received her first Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Telugu for her performance in \"Race Gurram\" (2014)." ]

[ "Passage 3" ]

[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: The Villa Hügel is a 19th-century mansion in Bredeney (part of the modern city of Essen) in Germany. It was built by Alfred Krupp in 1870-3 as his main residence and was the home of the Krupp family of industrialists until after World War II. More recently, the Villa Hügel has housed the offices of the Kulturstiftung Ruhr (Ruhr Cultural Foundation) as well as an art gallery and the historical archive of the Krupp family and company.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: The Arms of Krupp (1968) is William Manchester's history of the Krupp dynasty, which owned and ran a dominant armaments manufacturing company in Germany. The company was based in Essen. The book presents very readable descriptions of the behavior of the Krupp family and its firm from the Thirty Years' War to the Kaisers, the Weimar Republic, the Nazis, the American occupation, and finally the Bonn government. The book describes how under each regime (except possibly Weimar) the family and firm received favorable treatment, culminating in a special law Lex Krupp. Bizarre facets of families members are presented in detail. The innovative social welfare programs for factory workers are starkly contrasted with the treatment of forced laborers (ostarbeiters, etc.) Manchester's book tells presumably all-from the first Krupp (circa 1500) \"a shrewd chandler with a keen eye for the main chance,\" through the family's incarnation by the sixth generation as \"Essen's uncrowned kings,\" to the powerful weapons empire that armed Germany for three major wars, and finally the dissolution of die Firma. Manchester slants his story; in this case, the Krupps are all malevolent. The \"killing power\" of the kruppsche wares (cannon, howitzers, batteries, finally, nuclear power) was unrivaled as early as 1880, and in Manchester's view their product suited the family's temperament. He does differentiate between the various Alfreds, Alfrieds, and Berthas—but shows every member with some unfortunate trait. Their way of life is \"secretive,\" their huge empire \"international,\" their tendency is toward cartels, and their appearance is \"vulpine.\" The foxy family's most \"phenomenal\" habit, however, was that \"of matching the Teuton mood\"—i.e. they were nationalistic, Francophile, or severely militaristic when Germany adopted these stances. But Manchester doesn't quite make it clear whether he is charging them with fierce patriotism or whoring.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: Cologne ( ; German: \"Köln\" , ] , Colognian: \"Kölle\" ] ) is the largest city in the German federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia and the fourth-largest city in Germany (after Berlin, Hamburg, and Munich). It is located within the Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan region, one of the major European metropolitan areas, and with more than ten million inhabitants, the largest in Germany. Cologne is about 45 km southwest of North Rhine-Westphalia's capital of Dusseldorf and 25 km northwest of Bonn.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: The Langenberg rises on the state border between North Rhine-Westphalia and Hesse in Germany and, at  sea level (NN) ,<includeonly></includeonly> is the highest peak in the Rothaar mountain range, as well as the highest point in the North Rhine-Westphalia and also in the north of Germany outside the Harz Mountains.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Schmallenberg is a town and a climatic health resort in the High Sauerland District, Germany. Relating to its size of 117 square miles (303 square kilometers) it is the of all cities and towns of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia and the second biggest of Westphalia. It also has the biggest area of all cities and towns in North Rhine-Westphalia that are not independent but belong to a district.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: The Oppenwehe Moor (German: \"Oppenweher Moor\" ) is a raised bog in the natural region of Diepholz Moor Depression (\"Diepholzer Moorniederung\") in North Germany. It covers a total area of around 700 ha and lies in the northeastern part of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia as well as in Lower Saxony. It is one of the most important bogs in Northwest Germany and is one of the ten most important wet meadow reserves in North Rhine-Westphalia. It is part of the Dümmer Nature Park.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Freies Werkstatt-Theater is a theatre in Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is managed as a public utility and sponsored by the City of Cologne and the state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It was founded in Cologne in 1977 as part of the nationwide pilot project 'Artists and Students'. Since 1995 it has been located in a redesigned and refurbished listed building in the south of the city. Its five floors include two venues, two foyers, rehearsal, office, and workshop space\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Bertha Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach (29 March 1886 – 21 September 1957) was a member of the Krupp family, Germany's leading industrial dynasty of the 19th and 20th centuries. As the elder child and heir of Friedrich Alfred Krupp she was the sole proprietor of the Krupp industrial empire from 1902 to 1943, although her husband, Gustav Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach, ran the company in her name. In 1943 ownership of the company was transferred to her son Alfried." ]

[]

[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: Beauty and the Beast is a 2017 American musical romantic fantasy film directed by Bill Condon from a screenplay written by Stephen Chbosky and Evan Spiliotopoulos, and co-produced by Walt Disney Pictures and Mandeville Films. The film is based on Disney's 1991 animated film of the same name, itself an adaptation of Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont's eighteenth-century fairy tale. The film features an ensemble cast that includes Emma Watson and Dan Stevens as the titular characters with Luke Evans, Kevin Kline, Josh Gad, Ewan McGregor, Stanley Tucci, Audra McDonald, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Ian McKellen, and Emma Thompson in supporting roles.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Coraline is a 2009 American 3D dark fantasy stop-motion horror film based on Neil Gaiman's 2002 novel of the same name. It was the first feature film produced by Laika and distributed by Focus Features. The film depicts an adventurous girl finding an idealized parallel world behind a secret door in her new home, unaware that the alternate world contains a dark and sinister secret. Written and directed by Henry Selick, the film was made with Gaiman's approval and cooperation.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: Stardust is a 2007 film adaptation of the 1999 Neil Gaiman novel of the same name, \"Stardust\". The romantic fantasy adventure film was directed by Matthew Vaughn and co-written by Vaughn and Jane Goldman. The film features an ensemble cast led by Claire Danes, Charlie Cox, Sienna Miller, Jason Flemyng, Mark Strong, Rupert Everett, Ricky Gervais, Robert De Niro, Michelle Pfeiffer and Peter O’Toole, with narration by Ian McKellen.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies is a 2014 epic high fantasy action film directed by Peter Jackson and written by Jackson, Fran Walsh, Philippa Boyens, and Guillermo del Toro. It is the third and final installment in Peter Jackson's three-part film adaptation based on the novel \"The Hobbit\" by J. R. R. Tolkien, following \"\" (2012) and \"\" (2013), and together they act as a prequel to Jackson's \"The Lord of the Rings\" film trilogy. It was produced by New Line Cinema, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and WingNut Films, and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. \"The Battle of the Five Armies\" was released on 11 December 2014 in New Zealand, 12 December 2014 in the United Kingdom, and on 17 December 2014 in the United States. It stars Martin Freeman, Ian McKellen, Richard Armitage, Evangeline Lilly, Lee Pace, Luke Evans, Benedict Cumberbatch, Ken Stott, and James Nesbitt. It also features Cate Blanchett, Ian Holm, Christopher Lee, Hugo Weaving, and Orlando Bloom. The film received mixed reviews and grossed over $956 million worldwide, making it the second highest-grossing film of 2014 and the 38th highest-grossing film of all time. At the 87th Academy Awards, the film received a nomination for Best Sound Editing.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Neverwhere is the companion novelisation written by English author Neil Gaiman of the television serial \"Neverwhere\", by Gaiman and Lenny Henry. The plot and characters are exactly the same as in the series, with the exception that the novel form allowed Gaiman to expand and elaborate on certain elements of the story and restore changes made in the televised version from his original plans. Most notable is the appearance of the Floating Market at Harrods (in the novel) rather than under Battersea power station (the TV series). This is because the management of Harrods changed their minds about proposed filming. The novel was originally released by BBC Books in 1996, three episodes into the television series run. It was accompanied by a spoken word CD and cassette release, also by the BBC. The novel enjoyed great success, whereas its television roots did not receive as much international exposure as the novel. In addition to being translated into various languages, it was also re-published as an 'Author's Preferred Text' version, (a combination of the international and original English version, with additional scenes re-inserted by Gaiman) alongside \"American Gods\" in 2006. The original BBC Books version had a cover by longtime Gaiman collaborator Dave McKean, taken from the birds head rings, flaming fist and London Underground styled graphics created by McKean for the series, as well as a brief section by Gaiman on the making of the series.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Stardust is a novel by British writer Neil Gaiman, usually published with illustrations by Charles Vess. \"Stardust\" has a different tone and style from most of Gaiman's prose fiction, being consciously written in the tradition of pre-Tolkien English fantasy, following in the footsteps of authors such as Lord Dunsany and Hope Mirrlees. It is concerned with the adventures of a young man from the village of Wall, which borders the magical land of Faerie.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Neverwhere is an urban fantasy television series by Neil Gaiman that first aired in 1996 on BBC Two. The series is set in \"London Below\", a magical realm coexisting with the more familiar London, referred to as \"London Above\". It was devised by Neil Gaiman and Lenny Henry, and directed by Dewi Humphreys. Gaiman adapted the series into a novel, which was released in September 1996. The series and book were partially inspired by Gene Wolfe's novel \"Free Live Free\".\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Bouncing Cats is a 2010 documentary film written and directed by Australian director and photographer Nabil Elderkin. The film follows the efforts of Abraham \"Abramz\" Tekya and Breakdance Project Uganda (BPU) to use dance to empower youth in war-torn Uganda. The film is a testimony of Crazy Legs of Rock Steady Crew and his experiences in the BPU program. The film features narration by Common and additional interviews with Mos Def, will.i.am and K'Naan. Also appearing in the film is Okot Jolly Grace, whose guidance enabled the filmmakers to see and understand the plight of children in northern Uganda.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: Emile is a Canadian film made in 2003 by Carl Bessai but not released widely until 2004. The cast included Ian McKellen and Deborah Kara Unger. The film received 2 Genie Award nominations for \"Best Achievement in Overall Sound\" and \"Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role\" for Ian McKellen in 2005." ]

[ "Passage 3" ]

[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: Miss International (\"Miss International Beauty\" or \"The International Beauty Pageant\") is a Tokyo-based international beauty pageant organized by The International Culture Association. The pageant was first held in 1960. Along with Miss World, Miss Universe, and Miss Earth, this pageant is one of the Big Four international beauty pageants- the most coveted beauty titles when it comes to international pageant competitions.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Gisela Menossi (born 1988) is an Argentine beauty pageant titleholder. She participated in the Miss Earth Argentina 2009, an annual national Miss Argentina beauty pageant. She represented her country in the Miss Earth 2009, an annual international beauty pageant promoting environmental awareness<ref name=\"cadena3-/contenido\"> Miss Earth Argentina 2009</ref> and one of the three largest beauty pageants in the world in number of national-level competitions to participate in the world finals.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: Hoyan Mok (莫可欣) was the winner of the 1993 Miss Hong Kong Pageant and a TVB Hong Kong actress. She beat Kenix Kwok, who was considered a favourite to win, having won two side awards including Media's Favourite and Potential Artist. She is Alex Fong Chung-Sun (方中信)'s wife, and has a daughter named Ka Ching. As Miss Hong Kong, she also competed at the Miss Universe 1994 pageant. She placed 45th at the pageant, same as her successor Halina Tam. Mok also competed at the Miss Chinese International Pageant 1994 where she made the top 10 only, becoming the first Miss Hong Kong to not place in the top 3.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Kris Psyche Orozco Resus (born c. 1987) is a beauty queen from Infanta, Quezon, Philippines. She competed in the tenth edition of the national Miss Philippines Earth beauty pageant and was crowned Miss Philippines Earth 2010. As Miss Philippines Earth winner, she fulfills her duty as one of the spokespersons of the Miss Earth Foundation, an environmental-social-humanitarian outreach arm of Miss Earth beauty pageant. She represented the Philippines in the Miss Earth 2010 pageant in Nha Trang, Vietnam in December 2010 where she placed in the top 5 of the Best in Ao Dai category.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Alex Fong Chung-sun (; born March 17, 1963) is a Hong Kong actor. He married actress Hoyan Mok in 2008, They have one daughter.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Angela Lauren D. Fernando (born April 26, 1991) is a Filipino model and beauty pageant titleholder. She is Miss UST Medical Technology and also, Miss UST Pharmacy 2007 and was crowned Miss Thomasian Personality 2008. She competed in the tenth edition of the national Miss Philippines Earth beauty pageant and was crowned Miss Philippines Eco Tourism 2010. As a beauty titleholder, she fulfills her duty as one of the spokespersons of the Miss Earth Foundation, an environmental-social-humanitarian outreach arm of Miss Earth beauty pageant.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Grasim Mr. India (\"formerly Adonis - Graviera Man Of The Year\") was a national Male beauty pageant in India that annually selected representatives to compete globally at Mr. International, Mister World, Mr. Intercontinental and Best Model Of the World. In the years 1996 and 1998, the winner of the contest represented India at Mister World contest. Later the title was changed to \"Mr. India\" International and the winner was sent to compete at Mr. International pageant. Later in 2007, Hayward 5000 organized Mr India pageant and the winner was sent to Mister World. In 2010 and 2012, Grasim Mr. India again sent its winner to Mister World and the title was renamed Mr India World. Since 2014, The Times Group owns the right to organize Mr India World contest and its winner represents India at Mister World.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Miss Global Zimbabwe is a National Beauty Pageant in Zimbabwe that was founded in 2012 by Tare Munzara and Ronald Tisauke, that promotes beauty, charity and tourism. The Pageant sends its winner to Miss Globe International and Miss Global International. Its 1st runner up goes to Miss International Pageant. Miss Global Zimbabwe is the only beauty pageant in Zimbabwe that hosts in style, where ticket pricing is expensive and the type of crowd that attends would be Carte Blance, from celebrities, business peoples, diplomats and politicians.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: Señorita México was the name of a national beauty pageant in Mexico, celebrated since 1952. After 2005, the pageant changed its name to \"Miss Mexico\". From 1952 to 1994, was the official pageant responsible for sending the country's representatives to the Miss Universe, Miss World, Miss International and other international pageants. After the crowning of Lupita Jones, as the country's first Miss Universe, a dispute between Miss Jones and the pageant organizers over overdued prizes, led to a break of the longtime association between the pageant and the broadcast network Televisa. When the pageant moved to another network TV Azteca, a competing pageant called \"Nuestra Belleza México\" was created, later directed by Miss Jones with the sponsorship of the Televisa TV Network. in 1994 Señorita México lost the bid to Nuestra Belleza México to be the official pageant for the Miss Universe pageant. Later Nuestra Belleza México also obtained the rights of sending Mexico's representatives to Miss World and Miss International. However, the \"Miss Mexico\" pageant still sends representatives to other international pageants. The trade name Señorita Mexico was trademarked in the United States, by Venezuelan Entrepreneur Adan S. Perez CEO of The Miss Mexico Organization with headquarters in Las Vegas Nevada who produces The Señorita Mexico U.S. beauty pageant. He developed a franchise system in every state of The Union to bring girls from all over the United States to compete in national beauty event which takes place every year in Las Vegas. Adan Perez has been producing the national competition Señorita Mexico U.S in Las Vegas, since the year of 2003." ]

[ "Passage 3" ]

[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: The U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School (USAF TPS) is the Air Force's advanced flight training school that trains experimental test pilots, flight test engineers, and flight test navigators to carry out tests and evaluations of new aerospace weapon systems and also other aircraft of the U.S. Air Force. This school was established on 9 September 1944 as the Flight Test Training Unit at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (AFB) in Dayton, Ohio. To take advantage of the uncongested skies, usually superb flying weather, and the lack of developed zones in the event of crashing, the test pilot school was officially moved to its present location at Edwards Air Force Base in the northwestern Mojave Desert of Southern California on 4 February 1951.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: The Royal Australian Air Force's Aircraft Research and Development Unit (ARDU) plans, conducts and analyses the results of ground and flight tests of existing and new Air Force aircraft. ARDU consists of four flights located at RAAF Bases Edinburgh, Amberley, Richmond and Williamtown, staffed by qualified test pilots, flight test engineers and flight test system specialists. Up until 2016 the Squadron also conducted flight test for the Australian Army with Army personnel also working within the unit. The flight test crew are long course trained at test pilot schools including the United States Air Force Test Pilot School, the United States Naval Test Pilot School, the Empire Test Pilots' School, the École du personnel navigant d'essais et de réception and the National Test Pilot School.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: Flight 90 of the North American X-15 was a test flight conducted by NASA and the US Air Force in 1963. It was the first of two X-15 missions that reached space, along with Flight 91 the next month. The X-15 was flown by Joseph A. Walker, who flew both X-15 spaceflights.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: William Harvey \"Bill\" Dana (November 3, 1930 – May 6, 2014) was an American aeronautical engineer, U.S. Air Force pilot, NASA test pilot, and astronaut in the X-20 Dyna-Soar, and North American X-15 programs.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Robert Aitken \"Bob\" Rushworth (October 9, 1924 – March 18, 1993), (Maj Gen, USAF), was an American World War II, Korean War and Vietnam War pilot, mechanical and aeronautical engineer, and United States Air Force test pilot for the North American X-15 program.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Kenneth O. \"K.O.\" Chilstrom (born April 20, 1921) is a retired United States Air Force officer, combat veteran, test pilot, and author. He was the first USAF pilot to fly the XP-86 Sabre, chief of fighter test at Wright Field, commandant of the U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School, and program manager for the XF-108 Rapier. Chilstrom was a pilot in the first jet air race and delivered the first air mail by jet. He flew over eighty combat missions in the Italian Campaign of World War II and tested over twenty foreign models of German and Japanese fighters and bombers to evaluate their strengths and weaknesses.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Robert Michael \"Bob\" White (July 6, 1924 – March 17, 2010), (Maj Gen, USAF), was an American military aircraft test pilot, fighter pilot, electrical engineer, and a Major general in the United States Air Force. White broke a number of records with the North American X-15 experimental aircraft during the 1960s, and supervised the design and development of several modern military aircraft.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Joseph Albert \"Joe\" Walker (February 20, 1921 – June 8, 1966) flew the world's first two spaceplane flights in 1963, thereby becoming the United States' seventh man in space. Walker was a Captain in the United States Air Force, an American World War II pilot, an experimental physicist, a NASA test pilot, and a member of the U.S. Air Force Man In Space Soonest spaceflight program. His two X-15 experimental rocket aircraft flights in 1963 that exceeded the Kármán line – the altitude of 100 km , generally considered to mark the threshold of outer space – qualified him as an astronaut under the rules of the U.S. Air Force and the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI)." ]

[]

[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: Den Brother is a 2010 Disney Channel Original Movie starring Hutch Dano and G. Hannelius. The film premiered on August 13, 2010 on Disney Channel.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Vedhala Ulagam (தமிழ்: வேதாள உலகம், English: \"Demon Land Or Demon World\") is a 1948 Indian Tamil fantasy film directed and produced by A. V. Meiyappan of AVM Productions. The film was adapted from the stage play of same name by Pammal Sambandha Mudaliar and adaptation was written by P. Neelakantan. Music was by R. Sundarsanam. The film starred T. R. Mahalingam, K. Sarangapani , C. T. Rajakantham , Mangalam and K. R. Chellam in lead roles with R. Balasubramaniam Pandari Bai portraying supporting roles. Kumari Kamala , Padmini , Lalitha and Tara Choudhary made cameo appearances. The film ran successfully in theatres.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: Disney Fantasy is a cruise ship owned and operated by Disney Cruise Line, part of The Walt Disney Company, which entered service in 2012. The \"Disney Fantasy\" currently sails seven-night Eastern or Western Caribbean cruises. Her sister ship, \"Disney Dream\", was launched in 2011. \"Disney Fantasy\" is the fourth ship in the cruise line, the other two ships being the Disney Magic and the Disney Wonder.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Samuel M \"Sam\" Raimi ( ; born October 23, 1959) is an American film director, producer, screenwriter and actor, famous for creating the cult horror \"Evil Dead\" series, as well as directing the original \"Spider-Man\" trilogy (2002–07), the 1990 superhero film \"Darkman\" and the \"I Will Rip Your Soul Out\" scene from the 2013 remake of \"Evil Dead\". His most recent film is the 2013 Disney fantasy film \"Oz the Great and Powerful\".\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Camp Rock 2: The Final Jam is a 2010 Disney Channel Original Movie and the sequel to the 2008 film \"Camp Rock\". The film premiered on Disney Channel on  3, 2010 (2010--) .\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Isobelle Molloy (born 6 October 2000) is an English child actress, best known for her portrayal of Amanda and later, Matilda Wormwood in the West End version of \"Matilda the Musical\". She had her film debut as Young Maleficent in the 2014 Disney fantasy film, \"Maleficent\".\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: AquaDuck is a water coaster (a water slide with similar turns, drops and g-forces to a roller coaster) that is located on the deck of two Disney cruise ships. It was first constructed on the \"Disney Dream\" in January 2011 and then later on the \"Disney Fantasy\" in February 2012. It was developed by Walt Disney Imagineers, and despite a few exceptions, is accessible to almost anyone. The AquaDuck is the first water coaster to exist on a cruise ship, and so far it is the only one of its kind.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Disney Dream is a cruise ship operated by Disney Cruise Line, part of The Walt Disney Company, which entered service in 2011. The \"Disney Dream\" currently sails three-day, four-day, and occasional five-day cruises to the Bahamas. Her sister ship, \"Disney Fantasy\", was deployed in 2012." ]

[]

[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: The Three Years of Great Chinese Famine (), referred to by the Communist Party of China as the Three Years of Natural Disasters (), the Three Years of Difficulty () or Great Leap Forward Famine, was a period in the People's Republic of China between the years 1959 and 1961 characterized by widespread famine. Drought, poor weather, and the policies of ruler Mao Zedong contributed to the famine, although the relative weights of the contributions are disputed due to the Great Leap Forward.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Hungry Ghosts is a 4-piece indie rock band based in Hong Kong. The band was founded in 2007 by frontman Luke Chow, a well-known musician active in the Hong Kong rock scene, and guitarist Paul Lam. Bassist Tiffany Laue and drummer Michael Jack joined shortly after, having met Chow and Lam by jamming at open mic nights in the city. Along with groups including Chochukmo, King Ly Chee, Poubelle International and My Little Airport, Hungry Ghosts are considered one of Hong Kong's most influential and well-established independent bands.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: Delores Ann Kildare (1934–2005) was an American poet known by the pen name D. Kildare. Born in Iowa, she grew up in Los Angeles. She married Joseph Malof in 1957 and had three children: Andrew, Jessica, and Peter. She moved to Austin, Texas in 1961 and lived on the shore of Lake Travis. Her poems were published in numerous journals and quarterlies, and her one volume of poems was published posthumously as \"Hungry Ghosts and Other Poems\" (Llumina Press, 2006), the back cover of which says that \"D. Kildare's poems take us to the edge between things and nothing, where language both secures us and imprisons us.\" They reflect her travels and readings in history. She died in June 2005.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Dreams of Joy is a 2011 novel by Lisa See. It debuted as #1 in the New York Times list of best selling fiction. In this book See completes the circle she began in \"Shanghai Girls\". The former novel ends with the suicide of Pearl’s husband Sam and the shattering discovery by Joy that May is really her mother, Pearl is her aunt, and Z.G., the famous Chinese artist, is her father. Joy's guilt-driven journey to China to find her father and Pearl's loving pursuit are placed in the context of the tumult and suffering of Mao's China—especially in the context of the horrific famine caused by Mao's misguided Great Leap Forward. Frank Dikotter writes that “at least 45 million people died unnecessarily between 1958 and 1962. . . As famine spread, the very survival of an ordinary person came increasingly to depend on the ability to lie, charm, hide, steal, cheat, pilfer, forage, smuggle, trick, manipulate or otherwise outwit the state.” See’s novel uses Mao’s China as her background, but her story focuses on the change and growth of her main characters – Pearl, Joy, Z.G., and May. Susan Salter Reynolds suggests that “it’s a story with characters who enter a reader’s life, take up residence, and illuminate the myriad decisions and stories that make up human history.”\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: A Month of Hungry Ghosts is a 2008 film about the seventh-lunar-month Hungry Ghost Festival in Singapore. \"A Month of Hungry Ghosts\" is directed by Singapore-based American film director Tony Kern and co-produced by Genevieve Woo, a Singaporean television news anchor and producer with Channel NewsAsia, and Tony Kern. The film was released locally in Singapore on 7 August 2008. The film is distributed by Golden Village Pictures, and premiered at Golden Village VivoCity, Golden Village Plaza and Sinema Old School.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: The segaki (施餓鬼 , \"feeding the hungry ghosts\") is a ritual of Japanese Buddhism, traditionally performed to stop the suffering of the gaki or muenbotoke (the dead who have no living relatives), ghosts tormented by insatiable hunger. Alternatively, the ritual forces them to return to their portion of hell or keeps the spirits of the dead from falling into the realm of the gaki. The segaki may be performed at any time, but traditionally performed as part of the yearly Urabone (ullambana、\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Hungry Ghosts: Mao's Secret Famine is a book written by Jasper Becker, the Beijing bureau chief for the South China Morning Post. Becker argues that the American press reported the Great Chinese Famine with accuracy, but leftists and communist sympathisers such as Edgar Snow, Rewi Alley, and Anna Louise Strong, remained silent or played down its severity, when Mao Zedong's Great Leap Forward had turned into a horrible tragedy. Becker concludes that the tragedy could have been averted after the first year if Mao's senior advisers had dared to confront him.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Elise Margaret Kemp (19 June 1881 — 20 October 1917) was a New Zealand-born nurse who served in the Territorial Forces Nursing Service. She was the only New Zealand-born nurse killed in action on the Western Front during World War I.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: John Sheehan (5 July 1844 – 12 June 1885) was a 19th-century New Zealand politician. He was the first New Zealand-born Member of Parliament elected by a general electorate (rather than a Māori electorate) and he was the first New Zealand-born person to hold cabinet rank.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Rewi Alley, 路易•艾黎, Lùyì Àilí, {'1': \", '2': \", '3': \"QSO, MM\", '4': \"} (2 December 1897 – 27 December 1987), was a New Zealand-born writer, educator, political activist, revolutionary, social reformer, potter, and member of the Communist Party of China." ]

[ "Passage 7", "Passage 10" ]

[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: A Bucket of Blood is a 1995 American black comedy horror film directed by Michael James McDonald. The film also features (a then-unknown) Will Ferrell in his film debut, and Jennifer Coolidge in only her second film role. It is a remake of \"A Bucket of Blood\", the 1959 cult film directed by Roger Corman, who produced the remake. Both films tell the story of a nerdy busboy who turns to murder in order to create his unique sculptures. The remake, made for Showtime, was later released on home video under the title The Death Artist. It has never been made available on DVD. The 1995 remake follows the original closely, with some changes, including a contemporary setting.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Life Without Dick is a direct-to-video 2002 American black comedy film written and directed by Bix Skahill. The film focuses on the relationship that develops between an incompetent hitman and a woman who accidentally kills her boyfriend when she discovers he's leaving her for another woman.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: Amy Adams is an American actress who made her film debut in the 1999 black comedy \"Drop Dead Gorgeous\". She went on to guest star in a variety of television shows, including \"That '70s Show\", \"Charmed\", \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\", and \"The Office\", and also appeared in minor film roles. In 2002, she had her first major role in Steven Spielberg's biographical crime drama \"Catch Me If You Can\". However, the film did not launch her career as Spielberg had hoped. Three years later, she made the breakthrough with the comedy-drama \"Junebug\" (2005), for which she received her first Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress nomination. Adams also appeared in the romantic comedy \"The Wedding Date\" that same year. In 2007, she starred in the Disney romantic comedy \"Enchanted\", for which she won the Saturn Award for Best Actress, and was nominated for her first Golden Globe Award for Best Actress (Comedy or Musical).\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Divorce American Style is a 1967 American satirical comedy film directed by Bud Yorkin and starring Dick Van Dyke, Debbie Reynolds, Jean Simmons, Jason Robards and Van Johnson. Norman Lear produced the film and wrote the script based on a story by Robert Kaufman. It focuses on a married couple that opts for divorce when counseling fails to help them resolve their various problems, and the problems presented to divorced people by alimony. The title is an homage to \"Divorce Italian Style\" (1961).\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: A Bucket of Blood is a 1959 American black comedy horror film directed by Roger Corman. It starred Dick Miller and was set in beatnik culture. The film, produced on a $50,000 budget, was shot in five days and shares many of the low-budget filmmaking aesthetics commonly associated with Corman's work. Written by Charles B. Griffith, the film is a dark comic satire about a dimwitted, impressionable young busboy at a Bohemian café who is acclaimed as a brilliant sculptor when he accidentally kills his landlady's cat and covers its body in clay to hide the evidence. When he is pressured to create similar work, he becomes murderous.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Robert Kaufman (March 22, 1931 – November 21, 1991) was an American screenwriter, film producer and television writer known for such films and series as \"Getting Straight\", \"Love at First Bite\", \"She's Out of Control\", \"Divorce American Style\", \"The Cool Ones\", \"Freebie and the Bean\", \"How to Beat the High Co$t of Living\", \"The Monkees\", and \"The Ugliest Girl in Town\".\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Death to Smoochy is a 2002 American black comedy film directed by Danny DeVito, and starring Robin Williams, Edward Norton, Catherine Keener, Jon Stewart and DeVito. Despite being a critical and commercial flop when it was first released, in recent years, it has garnered a bit of a cult following.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: The War of the Roses is a 1989 American black comedy film based upon the 1981 novel of the same name\" by Warren Adler. The film follows a wealthy couple with a seemingly perfect marriage. When their marriage begins to fall apart, material possessions become the center of an outrageous and bitter divorce battle." ]

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[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: Over the course of his career, Osamu Tezuka reused the same characters in different roles in different stories. The way that Tezuka used the characters in his \"star system\" can be seen as somewhat analogous to a film director frequently casting members of a regular \"stable\" of actors in different roles. For instance, the \"actor\" \"Shunsaku Ban\" or \"Shunsuke Ban\", who played the detective in Osamu Tezuka's Metropolis, as well as played Astro Boy's teacher in Astro Boy. Tezuka jokingly made a list of how much they were paid and based them on famous western actors in his time.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Astro Boy (アトム , Atomu , lit. \"Atom\") is a title character and the protagonist of the Astro Boy franchise. Created by Osamu Tezuka, the character was introduced in the 1951 \"Captain Atom\" manga. Astro Boy has appeared in animated television shows (notably the 1963, 1980, 2003 series) and feature film adaptations of its eponymous manga, as well as a live-action TV series, other works by Tezuka, and video games.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: Professor Ochanomizu (お茶の水博士 , Ochanomizu-hakase ) is an anime and manga character from the animated series \"Astro Boy\". He is featured in all versions of Astro Boy to date, including the 1980s series, 2003 series, and the film. Created by Osamu Tezuka, the character has since appeared in many of his other works. He serves as a guardian to Astro, and sometimes also a caring family member. He is also known in various English adaptations as Dr. Packadermus J. Elefun, Professor Peabody and Dr. O'Shay.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: The Original Astro Boy is a twenty-issue 1980s comic book series (with one Astro Boy short story in Speed Racer #17) by NOW Comics, based on the original Japanese \"Mighty Atom\" series by Osamu Tezuka. The series was based mostly on the 1963 Astro Boy anime series, but begun to include elements from the 1980 series in later issues. The comic went through three writers and artists, and embellished the original plotline, despite only covering the first episode of the 1963 series.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Elsie the Cow is a cartoon cow developed as a mascot for the Borden Dairy Company in 1936 to symbolize the \"perfect dairy product\". Since the demise of Borden in the mid-1990s the character has continued to be used in the same capacity for the company's partial successor, Eagle Brand, owned by The J.M. Smucker Company.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Astro Boy (Japanese: 鉄腕アトム , Hepburn: Tetsuwan Atomu , \"Mighty Atom\", lit. \"Iron Arm Atom\") is a Japanese television series that premiered on Fuji TV on New Year's Day and is the first popular animated Japanese television series that embodied the aesthetic that later became familiar worldwide as \"anime\". It originated as a manga of the same name in 1952 by Osamu Tezuka, revered in Japan as the \"God of Manga.\" After enjoying success both in Japan and abroad as the first anime to be broadcast overseas, \"Astro Boy\" was remade in the 1980s under the same name(s), and in 2003 as \"Astro Boy: Mighty Atom\". It lasted for four seasons, with a total of 193 episodes, the final episode presented on New Year's Eve 1966. At its height it was watched by 40% of the Japanese population who had access to a TV. In 1964, there was a feature-length animated movie called \"Mighty Atom, the Brave in Space\" (鉄腕アトム 宇宙の勇者 , Tetsuwan Atomu: Uchū no yūsha ) released in Japan. It was an anthology of three episodes; \"The Robot Spaceship\", \"Last Day on Earth\" and \"Earth Defense Squadron\". The latter two were filmed in color.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Astro Boy (アストロボーイ・鉄腕アトム , Asutoro Bōi: Tetsuwan Atomu , lit. \"Astro Boy: Mighty Atom\") is a remake of the 1960s anime series of the same name created by Osamu Tezuka, which was produced by his company, Tezuka Productions, Sony Pictures Entertainment Japan, Dentsu, and Fuji Television network. It was also shown on Animax, who have broadcast the series across its respective networks worldwide, including Japan, Southeast Asia, South Asia, East Asia, and other regions. It was created to celebrate the birth date of Atom/Astro Boy (as well as the 40th anniversary of the original TV series). Under the original English name (instead of \"Mighty Atom\"), it kept the same classic art style as the original manga and anime, but was revisioned and modernized with more lush, high-quality, near-theatrical animation and visuals. It combined the playfulness of the early anime with the darker, more serious and dramatic Science fiction themes of the manga and the 1980 series. The anime broadcast in Japan on the same date as Atom's/Astro's birth in the manga (April 6, 2003) across Animax and Fuji Television. It was directed by Kazuya Konaka and written by Chiaki J. Konaka at the beginning of the series. Other writers included were Keiichi Hasegawa, Sadayuki Murai, Ai Ohta, Hirotoshi Kobayashi, Kenji Konuta, and Marc Handler, who was also executive story editor.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Pluto (プルートウ , Purūtō ) , known as Bruton in the English dubbed 1980 \"Astro Boy\" television series, is a fictional character created by Osamu Tezuka. He was introduced in \"The Greatest Robot in the World\" (地上最大のロボット , Chijō Saidai no Robotto ) story arc of the \"Astro Boy\" manga.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: Astro Boy: Omega Factor, released in Japan as Astro Boy: Tetsuwan Atom (アストロボーイ・鉄腕アトム ) , is a beat 'em up video game developed by Treasure and Hitmaker, and published by Sega. The game was released for the Game Boy Advance on December 18, 2003 in Japan; August 18, 2004 in North America; and February 18, 2005 in Europe. The game is based on Osamu Tezuka's manga and anime franchise \"Astro Boy\". However, it also features characters and plotlines from the artist's entire canon of work." ]

[ "Passage 5" ]

[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: The 1999 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Doubles was the women's doubles event of the hundred-and-thirteenth edition of Wimbledon, the third Grand Slam of the year, the most prestigious tournament on grass courts, and the oldest tennis tournament in the world. Martina Hingis and Jana Novotná were the defending champions but only Novotná competed that year with Natasha Zvereva. Novotná and Zvereva lost in the semifinals to Mariaan de Swardt and Elena Tatarkova.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Lindsay Davenport and Natasha Zvereva were the defending champions but they competed with different partners that year, Davenport with Chanda Rubin and Zvereva with Gigi Fernández.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: Gigi Fernández and Natasha Zvereva were the defending champions but only Zvereva competed that year with Lori McNeil.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Gigi Fernández and Natasha Zvereva were the defending champions but they competed with different partners that year, Fernández with Martina Hingis and Zvereva with Lindsay Davenport.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Gigi Fernández and Natasha Zvereva were the defending champions but only Zvereva competed that year with Lisa Raymond.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Martina Hingis and Jana Novotná were the defending champions, but they did not compete together this year. Novotná instead partnered with Natasha Zvereva as the first seed, whereas Hingis partnered with Anna Kournikova as the second seed. Novotná and Zvereva retired in their quarterfinal match against Lindsay Davenport and Mary Pierce, but Hingis and Kournikova reached the final where they lost to American sisters Serena and Venus Williams, 6–3, 6–7, 8–6. This was the first Grand Slam for the Williams sisters and would be their first step towards completing a Career Golden Slam in doubles.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Lindsay Davenport and Natasha Zvereva were the defending champions, but Davenport did not compete this year. Zvereva teamed up with Katarina Srebotnik and lost in quarterfinals to Lisa Raymond and Rennae Stubbs.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: The 1999 Porsche Tennis Grand Prix – Doubles was the tennis doubles event at the 1999 Porsche Tennis Grand Prix, the twenty-second edition of the most prestigious tournament in Baden-Württemberg. Lindsay Davenport and Natasha Zvereva were the defending champions, but they did not compete this year. Davenport competed with Martina Hingis as the first seed, while Zvereva competed with Elena Tatarkova. Davenport and Hingis withdrew in the quarterfinals due to Davenport having a wrist injury, whilst Tatarkova and Zvereva were knocked out in the first round." ]

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[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: Totaleinsatz (German: \"total deployment\") was a colloquial term of young Czechs for forced labour under German rule during World War II during the German occupation of Czechoslovakia. 400,000 Czechs worked as forced labour in Germany. This was a subset of the Arbeitseinsatz for German men but with ambiguity as to the status of Czechs under the \"Protectorate\" of Bohemia and Moravia. The Czech conscripted labourers generally were treated as the French and Dutch, for example being allowed to bring family photographs, and not as de facto slave labourers like the Ukrainian Ostarbeiter.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Senioritis is a colloquial term mainly used in the United States and Canada to describe the decreased motivation toward studies displayed by students who are nearing the end of their high school, college, and graduate school careers, or the end of the school year in general. It combines the word \"senior\" with the suffix \"-itis\", which technically denotes inflammation but in colloquial speech is assumed to mean a general illness.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: An electronic drum module is an electronic or digital music device in an electronic drum kit that serves as the central processing unit and sound module. The drum module creates or produces the drum kit sounds or other sounds selected by the drummer. By itself, a drum module cannot play or sound drum beats. It only produces drum sounds when a performer strikes electronic drum pads or acoustic drum kit instruments that have electronic \"triggers\" (or sensors) attached to them. When the electronic drum pads or trigger-equipped instruments are struck, this sends a signal to the drum module, which produces the corresponding electronic drum sound (or other sound). Even when drum pads and/or triggers are connected to a drum module, the drum module by itself does not make any audible sound. Like other electronic instruments such as the synthesizer, the drum module only outputs an electronic signal. The performer can hear this signal by connecting headphones to the drum module (i.e., for individual practice) or by plugging the drum module into a amplifier and loudspeaker or PA system for audible practice or live performances. The drum module's output signal can also be patched into an audio console for concerts or sound recording. The nomenclature varies (see below). For example, electronic drum modules are called \"percussion sound modules\" in the case of Roland Corporation, or sometimes simply modules. A common colloquial term for this device is drum brain. (see below).\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Pinolero is a colloquial term for a Nicaraguan. The term is used extensively in Nicaraguan Spanish. The plural of Pinolero is Pinoleros. Other colloquial references include Nica(s), Nicoya(s). Each of these terms are gender-neutral.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: \"\"King tide\"\" is a colloquial term for an especially high spring tide, such as a perigean spring tide. \" \"King tide\"\" is not a scientific term, nor is it used in a scientific context. Use of the term \"\"king tide\"\" originated in Australia, New Zealand and other Pacific nations to refer to an especially high tide that occurs only a few times per year. The term has now come to be used in North America as well, particularly in low-lying South Florida, where they cause sunny day tidal flooding.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: The term \"Trekking Peak\" is a commonly misunderstood colloquial term which may refer to a variety of types of peaks in the Himalayan Region. The term is most often associated with Group \"B\" NMA Climbing Peaks classified by the Nepal Mountaineering Association or easier. Some may use the term \"Trekking Peak\" to solely describe peaks requiring little to no technical climbing experience. Others may use the term to describe all mountains regulated by the Nepal Mountaineering Association including Group \"A\" NMA Expedition Peaks which may require considerable difficulties and technical climbing skill.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Tunneling, or tunnelling (see spelling differences), is a colloquial term for a specific kind of financial fraud. It is defined as \"the transfer of assets and profits out of firms for the benefit of those who control them\". For example, a group of major shareholders or the management of a publicly traded company orders that company to sell off its assets to a second company at unreasonably low prices. The shareholders or management typically own the second company outright, and thus profit from the otherwise disastrous sale. Tunneling differs from outright theft because people who engage in tunneling generally comply with all of the relevant legal procedures; it is thus a subtler scheme than simply writing checks from a company to a private bank account. While people widely agree that tunneling is unethical, penalties for it vary widely; some states impose criminal sanctions, whereas other states provide either for civil suits only, or for no sanctions at all.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Tornado Alley is a colloquial term for the area of the United States (or by some definitions extending into Canada) where tornadoes are most frequent. The term was first used in 1952 as the title of a research project to study severe weather in areas of Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, South Dakota, Iowa, Missouri, Nebraska, Colorado, North Dakota, and Minnesota. It is largely a media-driven term although tornado climatologists distinguish peaks in activity in certain areas and storm chasers have long recognized the Great Plains tornado belt." ]

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[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: Debut is the first international solo studio album by Icelandic recording artist Björk. The album was released in July 1993 on One Little Indian and Elektra Records, and was produced by Björk in collaboration with artist Nellee Hooper. Her first recording following the dissolution of her previous band the Sugarcubes, the album departed from the rock-oriented style of her previous work and instead drew on an eclectic variety of styles across electronic pop, house music, jazz and trip hop.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: American singer and songwriter Kelis has released six studio albums, one live album, one compilation album, 38 singles (including 20 as a featured artist), and 29 music videos. At age 16, she left her parents' home and was signed to Virgin Records four years later. Her debut single, \"Caught Out There\", was released in 1999, reaching number 54 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and number four in the United Kingdom. Her debut album, \"Kaleidoscope\", was released in December 1999 and charted at number 144 on the \"Billboard\" 200, and has sold 249,000 copies in the country to date. In the United Kingdom, it was certified gold and has sold over 167,000 copies. Two more singles were released from the album, \"Good Stuff\" and \"Get Along with You\", and charted moderately well internationally. In 2001, she released her second studio album, \"Wanderland\", which features similar \"raw emotion and sophisticated musicianship\" of her debut album. The album was not released in the United States and the only single, \"Young, Fresh n' New\", charted poorly.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: The discography of B.o.B, an American hip hop recording artist and record producer, consists of four studio albums, one compilation album, three extended plays (EPs), sixteen solo mixtapes, thirty-five singles (including sixteen as a featured artist), eleven promotional singles, and sixty-two music videos. B.o.B released his debut album, \"\", on April 27, 2010. Upon its release, he became the thirteenth male solo artist, to have a debut album arrive at number one on the US \"Billboard\" 200. B.o.B quickly rose to fame, after his commercial debut single, \"Nothin' on You\". The song reached at number one in both the United States and the United Kingdom. He would later released his third single, \"Airplanes\", which also topped several music charts. The album's fifth single, \"Magic\", became his third top ten hit on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100. B.o.B's debut studio album, which was preceded by two EPs and several mixtapes, was eventually Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: British singer Leona Lewis has released five studio albums, sixteen singles, one video album, and sixteen music videos. Following winning the third series of British television talent show, \"The X Factor\" in 2006, Lewis released \"A Moment Like This\" in the United Kingdom and Ireland, which became the fastest selling single ever by a female artist in the UK. Her follow-up single, \"Bleeding Love\" reached number one in 34 countries, and was the biggest-selling single of 2008 worldwide. Lewis's first studio album, \"Spirit\" was released to follow the single; it became the fastest-selling debut album of all time in the UK and Ireland, and the first debut album by a British solo artist to debut at number one on the \"Billboard\" 200. As of April 2012, \"Spirit\" is the 20th biggest-selling album of all time in the UK. The next single, \"Better in Time\", was also successful worldwide, reaching the top ten in many countries. Subsequent singles \"Forgive Me\" and \"Run\" were released across Europe and Australia; \"Forgive Me\" went on to moderate success, while \"Run\" became Lewis's third number one in the UK, and also reached the top spot in Austria and Ireland. \" I Will Be\" was released as the final single in North America.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: The discography of Method Man, an American hip hop recording artist, consists of five studio albums (including one collaborative album) and 34 singles (including 16 as a featured artist). Method Man embarked on his music career in 1992, as a member of East Coast hip hop group Wu-Tang Clan. After the Wu-Tang Clan released their highly acclaimed debut album \"Enter the Wu-Tang (36 Chambers)\" (1993), Method Man would be the first member to release his solo debut album. In November 1994, he released \"Tical\", under Def Jam Recordings. His debut album \"Tical\", features his biggest hit single to date, \"I'll Be There for You/You're All I Need to Get By\", which features American R&B singer Mary J. Blige and peaked at number three on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100. Method Man would then go on to collaborate with fellow East Coast rapper Redman, and subsequently form a duo together.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Whitney Houston recorded songs for six studio albums, four soundtrack albums and one Christmas album. Her self-titled debut album, \"Whitney Houston\", was released on February 14, 1985. It peaked at number one on the United States' \"Billboard\" 200 album chart, a position it held for 14 consecutive weeks. \" Hold Me\" was released as the lead single; it was written by Linda Creed in collaboration with the producer, Michael Masser. The final three singles to be released from the album, \"Saving All My Love for You\", \"How Will I Know\" and \"Greatest Love of All\", all topped the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 singles chart. This marked the first time in the chart's history that a debut album, and a debut album released by a female artist, had generated three number one singles.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Kid Rock has released 10 studio albums, one compilation album, two extended plays and one live album. His debut album, \"Grits Sandwiches for Breakfast\", was released by Jive Records in 1990. Following its release, Kid Rock was dropped by Jive and became an independent artist. In 1992, he signed to a small Brooklyn based imprint called Continuum. He was released from Continuum after two years and started his own Top Dog record label. In 1997, he was signed to Atlantic Records. He released his mainstream debut album, \"Devil Without a Cause\", on August 18, 1998. The album would be certified diamond by the RIAA and go on to sell 11 million copies in the United States. In 2000, he released \"The History of Rock\", a compilation of tracks from 1993's \"The Polyfuze Method\" and 1996's \"Early Mornin Stoned Pimp\". \"Cocky\" was released in 2001 as the official follow up to \"Devil Without a Cause\" and sold five million copies. That was followed by 2003's \"Kid Rock\" and 2006's \"Live Trucker\". \"Live Trucker\" was Kid Rock's first live release selling over 600,000 copies, making it a gold album. In 2007, Kid Rock made his comeback with \"Rock n Roll Jesus\", which was certified triple platinum. \"Born Free\" was released in 2010 and went platinum. Rebel Soul went gold in April 2013. He has sold 25 million albums in the US as of December 2013, and over 35 million worldwide. He released \"First Kiss\" in 2015, has of January 2016 it has sold 356,000 copies. \"Devil\" still proved a strong catalog seller in 2015 selling over 100,000 copies.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Billy Ray Cyrus is an American country music singer, songwriter, actor and philanthropist, who helped make country music a worldwide phenomenon. He has released 12 studio albums and 44 singles since 1992, and is best known for his number one single \"Achy Breaky Heart\", which became the first single ever to achieve triple Platinum status in Australia and was the best-selling single of 1992 in the same country. Thanks to the video of the song, the linedance entered the mainstream, becoming a worldwide craze. Cyrus, a multi-platinum selling recording artist, has scored a total of eight top-ten singles on the Billboard Country Songs chart. His most successful album to date is the debut of \"Some Gave All\", which has been certified 9× multi-platinum in the United States and is the longest time spent by a debut artist at number one on the \"Billboard\" 200 (17 consecutive weeks) and most consecutive chart-topping weeks in the SoundScan era. It is the only album (from any genre) in the SoundScan era to log 17 consecutive weeks at number one and is also the second-highest selling debut album by a male country artist after Garth Brooks'. It ranked 43 weeks in the top 10, a total topped by only one country album in history, \"Ropin' the Wind\" by Garth Brooks. \"Some Gave All\" was also the first debut album to enter at the number 1 in the Billboard Country Albums. The album has also sold more than 20 million copies worldwide and is the best-selling debut album of all time for a solo male artist. \" Some Gave All\" was also the best-selling album of 1992 in the US with 4,832,000 copies. In his career, he has released 35 charted singles, of which 16 have charted in the top 40.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: Ahl Al Esheg is the second studio album by Lebanese pop singer-songwriter Diana Haddad, released by Stallions Records on February 10, 1997, continued along the lines established by her debut album \"Saken\". The album is considered a big success for Haddad. By that time, Haddad became one of the top selling Lebanese singers. The album was heavily played in radio stations such as the Emirates radios. She was awarded for the best female artist and the best album in the popular radio station Emirates FM. Also, in late 1997, she received a nomination for the best Arabic female artist in the magazine Al Ryada Wal Shabab. In terms of sales, \"Ahl Al Esheg\" is Haddad's third best selling studio album of all time behind \"Ammanih\" and her debut album \"Saken\" which were certified platinum by Stallions Records, her label. The album was heavily promoted, released in several editions and was supported by several appearances in festivals across the Arab world." ]

[ "Passage 1" ]

[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: Jack Taylor (c. 1946 – 4 February 2006) was reputedly Britain's fattest man.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Pieces (Original title: \"Mil gritos tiene la noche\"; translation: \"The Night Has 1000 Screams\") is a 1982 exploitation slasher film directed by Spanish filmmaker Juan Piquer Simon and stars Christopher George, Linda Day, Frank Braña, Edmund Purdom, Paul L. Smith, Ian Sera, and Jack Taylor. Set at a college campus, the film follows a murderer brutally killing many of the students and using their body parts to make a human jigsaw puzzle. Since its release, the film has attracted a cult following and has been a drive-in favorite.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: Jerald Jackson Taylor, known as Jack Taylor (May 23, 1907 – March 31, 1995), was an educator and Republican politician from Mesa, Arizona. He was the mayor of Mesa and served in both houses, consecutively, of the Arizona State Legislature.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Jack Taylor (born December 1928) is host of the Jack Taylor Show on 1220 WKRS Radio in the Chicago area.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Jack Taylor (1965–1997) was an American musician and member of several popular bands. He was born Richard Violet in Urbana, Ohio.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Jack Taylor is an Irish mystery television drama based on the novels by Ken Bruen. Set in Galway, the program features Iain Glen in the eponymous role of Jack Taylor, a former officer with the Garda Síochána (national police) who becomes a \"finder\" (private investigator) after leaving the service; Taylor looks for clues others have overlooked, and knows the streets of his hometown like the back of his hand.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Jack Taylor Green (26 August 1919 – 23 July 1981) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Collingwood in the Victorian Football League (VFL).\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: George Jack Taylor (born 23 October 1948) was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a winger." ]

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[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: In Major League Baseball (MLB), the 500 home run club is a group of batters who have hit 500 or more regular-season home runs in their careers. On August 11, 1929, Babe Ruth became the first member of the club. Ruth ended his career with 714 home runs, a record which stood from 1935 until Hank Aaron surpassed it in 1974. Aaron's ultimate career total, 755, remained the record until Barry Bonds set the current mark of 762 during the 2007 season. Twenty-seven players are members of the 500 home run club. At .344, Ted Williams holds the highest batting average among the club members while Harmon Killebrew holds the lowest at .256.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: August Joseph \"Gus\" Williams, Jr. (May 7, 1888 – April 16, 1964), known also as \"Gloomy\" Gus Williams, was a German American professional baseball player whose career spanned 10 seasons, five of which were spent in Major League Baseball (MLB) with the St. Louis Browns (1911–15). Over his major league career, Williams batted .263 with 171 runs scored, 367 hits, 58 doubles, 31 triples, 12 home runs, 147 runs batted in (RBIs), and 95 stolen bases in 410 games played. Williams career started out in 1909 with the Monmouth Browns of the Class-D Illinois–Missouri League. After playing in the minor leagues for two seasons, Williams made his major league debut in 1911. He had another stint in the majors in 1912. In 1913, Williams served as the Browns regular outfielder. He was a dead-ball era power hitter for the Browns, ranking in the top-10 amongst American League hitters in home runs during the 1913 and 1914 seasons. He led the league in strikeouts in 1914. Williams would make his last appearance in the major leagues during the 1915 season. He would go on to play in the minors with the Toronto Maple Leafs (1915), Nashville Volunteers (1916), Louisville Colonels (1917), and Indianapolis Indians (1918). In the minors, he compiled a career batting average of .293 with 838 hits in 759 games played. Williams also played semi-professional baseball after leaving the professional circuit. He batted and threw left-handed. During his baseball career, Williams stood at 6 ft and weighed 185 lb .\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: Carl Michael Yastrzemski ( ; nicknamed \"Yaz\"; born August 22, 1939) is an American former Major League Baseball player. He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1989. Yastrzemski played his entire 23-year baseball career with the Boston Red Sox (1961–1983). He was primarily a left fielder, but also played 33 games as a third baseman and mostly was a first baseman and designated hitter later in his career. Yastrzemski is an 18-time All-Star, the possessor of seven Gold Gloves, a member of the 3,000 hit club, and the first American League player in that club to also accumulate over 400 home runs. He is second on the all-time list for games played, and third for total at-bats. He is the Red Sox' all-time leader in career RBIs, runs, hits, singles, doubles, total bases, and games played, and is third on the team's list for home runs behind Ted Williams and David Ortiz.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Richard Anthony Greco (July 2, 1925 – July 5, 2012) was a minor league baseball player who hit over 300 home runs in a 12-year career that spanned from 1946 to 1957. He slugged at least 20 home runs a year from 1946 to 1952 - a stretch of seven campaigns - and had at least 30 home runs in a season five times. He hit .300 or better in 10 of the 12 years he played. He is considered, \"the most prolific home run hitter from Tacoma\" and was considered \"the Babe Ruth of the bush leagues.\" Though he spent parts of four seasons at Triple-A, he never played in the major leagues.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: State Route 56 (SR 56) is an east–west state highway in the U.S. state of California. It runs 9.210 mi from Interstate 5 (I-5) in the Carmel Valley neighborhood of San Diego to I-15. The eastern terminus of the highway is also the western end of the Ted Williams Parkway. SR 56 serves as an important connector between I-5 and I-15, being the only east–west freeway between SR 78 in north San Diego County, several miles away, and SR 52 near Marine Corps Air Station Miramar. It is also named the Ted Williams Freeway, after the San Diego-born baseball player.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Frank Edward Thomas Jr. (born May 27, 1968), nicknamed \"The Big Hurt,\" is an American former first baseman in Major League Baseball who played for three American League (AL) teams from 1990 to 2008, all but the last three years with the Chicago White Sox. One of the most fearsome and devastating hitters of his era, he is the only player in major league history to have seven consecutive seasons (1991–1997) with a .300 batting average and at least 100 runs batted in (RBI), 100 runs scored, 100 walks and 20 home runs; over that period, he batted .330 and averaged 36 home runs and 118 RBI per year. A perennial MVP candidate through the 1990s, he was named the AL's Most Valuable Player by unanimous vote in 1993 after becoming the first White Sox player to hit 40 home runs, leading the team to a division title; he repeated as MVP in the strike-shortened 1994 season after batting .353 and leading the league in slugging average and runs. After two subpar seasons, he lost the MVP in a close vote in 2000 after posting career highs of 43 home runs and 143 RBI, also earning AL Comeback Player of the Year honors, as Chicago finished with the AL's best record.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Ted Williams, nicknamed Ted \"Golden Voice\" Williams (born September 22, 1957), is an American radio host and voice-over artist. Williams gained widespread media attention when an interview made during a period when he was homeless went viral after being posted to YouTube in early January 2011. Williams subsequently received numerous job offers. He co-authored \"A Golden Voice: How Faith, Hard Work, and Humility Brought Me from the Streets to Salvation\" with Bret Witter. He is the founder of the Ted Williams Project, a non-profit organization serving homeless shelters.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Norman Dalton Cash (November 10, 1934 – October 11, 1986) was an American Major League Baseball first baseman who spent almost his entire career with the Detroit Tigers. An outstanding power hitter, his 377 career home runs were the fourth most by an American League left-handed hitter when he retired, behind Babe Ruth, Ted Williams and Lou Gehrig; his 373 home runs with the Tigers rank second in franchise history behind his teammate Al Kaline (399). He also led the AL in assists three times and fielding percentage twice; he ranked among the all-time leaders in assists (4th, 1317) and double plays (10th, 1347) upon his retirement, and was fifth in AL history in games at first base (1943). He was known to fans and teammates during his playing days as \"Stormin' Norman.\"\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: Darryl Eugene Strawberry Sr. (born March 12, 1962) is an American former professional baseball right fielder and an ordained Christian minister and author. Strawberry is well known for his 17-year career in Major League Baseball (MLB). Throughout the 1980s and early 1990s, Strawberry was one of the most feared sluggers in the sport, known for his prodigious home runs and his intimidating presence in the batter's box with his 6-foot-6 frame and his long, looping swing that elicited comparisons to Ted Williams." ]

[ "Passage 8" ]

[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: Funmedia Sp. z o.o. (previously named FunEnglish.pl) - Polish e-learning company headquartered in Wrocław. The company was founded on 10 July 2009 by two graduates of Wrocław University of Economics - Bartłomiej Postek and Krzysztof Wojewodzic. In 2011, as the first company in Poland, Funmedia received accreditation from the Ministry of National Education for its first online English coursebook for children. Since 5 August 2013, Funmedia has been a member of PIIT.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Royal Dutch Shell plc (, ), commonly known as Shell, is a British–Dutch multinational oil and gas company headquartered in the Netherlands and incorporated in the United Kingdom. It is one of the six oil and gas \"supermajors\" and the sixth-largest company in the world measured by 2016 revenues (and the largest based in Europe). Shell was first in the 2013 Fortune Global 500 list of the world's largest companies; in that year its revenues were equivalent to 84% of the Netherlands' $556 billion GDP.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: \"Joey\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music duo Sugarland. The duo's two members, Jennifer Nettles and Kristian Bush, wrote it along with country singer Bill Anderson. It was released in July 2009 as the fourth single from the duo's album \"Love on the Inside\". Sugarland's twelfth single release, it debuted at number 50 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs charts in July 2009.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Peter Robert Wheeler (29 February 1944 – 11 June 2009) was a chemical engineer from Sheffield, Yorkshire, UK, who owned the Blackpool-based TVR sports car company for 23 years.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: The 2009 flu outbreak in Malaysia is part of a larger flu pandemic involving a new type of influenza A virus subtype H1N1 (A (H1N1)) virus. As of 11 August 2009, the country has over 2,253 cases, beginning with \"imported\" cases from affected countries, including the United States and Australia from 15 May 2009 onwards, and the first identified local transmission on 17 June 2009. From 12 August, the Malaysian Health Ministry said that it had discontinue officially updating the total number of H1N1 cases within Malaysia in line with guidelines issued by the World Health Organisation. As of 21 August 2009 the unofficial number of cases reported in the media is 5,876 so far. The first death related to the A(H1N1) virus was reported on 23 July 2009 and so far there have been 78 deaths reported. On 6 July 2009 Malaysia announced that it was shifting from containment to mitigation to tackle the spread of the virus. The federal government has declared a national health emergency in Malaysia because of the A(H1N1) outbreak and is considering imposing a health curfew similar to the week-long shutdown of non-essential services and industries in Mexico.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Peter Robert Voser (born 29 August 1958) is a Swiss businessman. He served as the CEO of Royal Dutch Shell plc from July 2009 to December 2013. He started his career at Royal Dutch Shell in 1982, working in a number of finance and business roles in different countries. Between 2002 and 2005 he served as chief financial officer for ABB. In 2004, he was appointed Shell’s chief financial officer (CFO) and then CEO in July 2009. In April 2015, he was elected as chairman of ABB's board of directors.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Homosexuality is mostly a taboo subject in Indian civil society and for the government. Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code makes sex with persons of the same gender punishable by law. On 2 July 2009, in \"Naz Foundation v. Govt. of NCT of Delhi\", the Delhi High Court held that provision to be unconstitutional with respect to sex between consenting adults, but the Supreme Court of India overturned that ruling on 11 December 2013, stating that the court was instead deferring to Indian legislators to provide the sought-after clarity. On 2 February 2016, however, the Supreme Court agreed to reconsider its judgment, stating it would refer petitions to abolish Section 377 to a five-member constitutional bench, which would conduct a comprehensive hearing of the issue.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) is an American company headquartered in Reston, Virginia that provides government services and information technology support. The original SAIC was created in 1969 by J. Robert Beyster. Then on September 27, 2013, it spun off a $4 billion unit which retained its name, while the parent company changed its name to Leidos. Following the split, Anthony J. Moraco was appointed CEO of SAIC, and John P. Jumper was appointed CEO of Leidos. The primary motivation for the spinoff was the conflicts of interest provisions in the Federal Acquisition Regulations which prevented the company from bidding on some new contracts because of existing contracts.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: Leandro Bueno Bergantin is a PhD from the Universidade Federal de São Paulo and the primary author of a paper on the discovery of the \"calcium paradox\" in sympathetic transmission. Dr. Bergantin received his academic education at EPM-UNIFESP (Brazil) and UAM (Spain): degree in biomedicine (2008), MSc (2010) and PhD (2014). His research involves cell signaling mediated by Ca2+ and cAMP, skeletal and smooth muscles, peripheral and central nervous systems. His research work solved the enigma of the paradoxical effects produced by L-type Ca2+ channel blockers (TOP 25 Hottest Articles - Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology - Cell Calcium - TOP 1 July to September 2013/ TOP 5 October to December 2013/ TOP 1 January to December 2013 full year/TOP 6 January to March 2014). Since 1975, several clinical and experimental studies have reported that acute and chronic administration of L-type voltage-activated Ca2+ channels (VACCs) blockers, such as nifedipine, produces reduction in arterial pressure associated with an increase of sympathetic activity. Despite this sympathetic hyperactivity has been initially attributed to adjust reflex of arterial pressure, the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in this apparent sympathomimetic effect of the L-type VACCs blockers remained unclear for decades. In 2013, Dr. Bergantin and collaborators discovered that this paradoxical increase in sympathetic activity produced by L-type VACCs blockers is due to interaction of the Ca2+/cAMP signaling pathways. Then, the pharmacological manipulation of the Ca2+/cAMP interaction produced by combination of the L-type VACCs blockers used in the antihypertensive therapy, and cAMP accumulating compounds used in the antidepressive therapy, could represent a potential cardiovascular risk for hypertensive patients due to increase in sympathetic activity. In contrast, this pharmacological manipulation could be a new therapeutic strategy for increasing neurotransmission in psychiatric disorders, and producing neuroprotection in the neurodegenerative diseases. The original article was listed as a \"hot article\" (TOP 1 July to September 2013/TOP 5 October to December 2013/TOP 1 January to December 2013 full year) in ScienceDirect.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Sutro Biopharma is a private biopharmaceutical company headquartered in South San Francisco that develops antibody-drug conjugate and multi-specific antibody-based therapeutics for cancer therapy. Founded in 2003 under the name Fundamental Applied Biology, the company name changed to Sutro Biopharma in 2009. The current CEO, William Newell, joined Sutro in January 2009. Newell has over 15 years of senior management experience in the biotechnology industry, and has worked for companies such as Aerovance, QLT, Inc., and Ayxs Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Sutro’s CFO, Edward Albini, previously worked at Itero Biopharmaceuticals, Novacea, and Lynx Therapeutics. The CSO, Trevor Hallam, formerly worked at Palatin Technologies, AstraZeneca, Glaxo Group Research, and Roche Research Centre. The company received $26M in Series D funding in December 2013. The company’s investors include Alta Partners, Skyline Ventures, SV Life Sciences, Lilly Ventures, Amgen Ventures and Celgene." ]

[ "Passage 6", "Passage 2" ]

[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: Qaumi Watan Party (Pashto: قومي وطن ګوند‎ or قامي وطنپال ګوند ; Urdu: قومی وطن پارٹی‎ ), abbreviated as QWP and formerly called Pakistan Peoples Party–Sherpao (PPP–S), is one of the prominent political parties in Pakistan, that split away from the Pakistan Peoples Party just before the 2002 general election. PPP–S was named after its leader Aftab Ahmad Sherpao. Differences had cropped up between PPP Chairperson Benazir Bhutto and Senior Leader Aftab Ahmad Sherpao in 1999 and the latter was expelled from the PPP by the former, thus creating PPP–S. In October 2012, it was renamed to Qaumi Watan Party when it changed its political agenda and declared itself as a Pashtun neo-nationalist party.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: The Pakistan Peoples Party (Shaheed Bhutto) \"(Sindhi: پيپلزپارٽي شهيدڀٽو‎ )\" (abbreviated as PPP-SB) is a political party in Pakistan and one of three breakaway factions of the old Pakistan Peoples Party. The party is currently headed by Ghinwa Bhutto, the widow of Murtaza Bhutto.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: Sardar Muhammad Aslam Khan (June 1937 – 12 December 1997) was member of the upper house of parliament of Pakistan (the Senate). He was twice elected as senator on the Pakistan Peoples Party ticket. He was also member of Pakistan Peoples Party central executive committee and President Pakistan Peoples Party Hazara division from 1967 to 1977. He was also a three-time president of the District Bar Association Abbottabad.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Javaid Laghari (Urdu: جاويد لغارى; \"TI\", \"IEEE Award\", PhD), is a Pakistani electrical engineer and science administrator who served as the Chairperson of the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan from Aug 2009 to Aug 2013. He is an academic and an aerospace scientist, Laghari is a staunch supporter of technocracratic democracy in the country. He was previously Senator of Pakistan from the Pakistan Peoples Party. Dr Laghari has been a member of the Pakistan Peoples Party, a socialist democratic party. Having started his career as Science Advisor to the Benazir Bhutto during her second and last Prime ministerial term, and has been associated with Bhutto long before becoming Science Advisor to Bhutto. After this post, Benazir Bhutto appointed him as the President of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology (SZABIST) and prior to joining SZABIST, he was the Director of Graduate Studies, and Chairman of the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering of the State University of New York at Buffalo where he served as the senior professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering there. .\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Major (Rtd) Saifullah Cheema, son of Chudhary M. Din Cheema, is a retired army officer from the Pakistan Army and a member of the Pakistan Peoples Party. He was elected as a member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab from than PP-106 and now PP-131 in 1993 from the Pakistan Peoples Party. He served as a Special Advisor to the Chief Minister of the Punjab. He was once again the Pakistan Peoples Party candidate in the 2008 elections from PP-131.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Major Masood Sharif Khan Khattak {Urdu: ); born 5 June 1950 in the city of Karak- Karak, West Pakistan is a civilian intelligence officer and the first and former Director General of the Intelligence Bureau (I.B). He has served as the Vice-President of the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) and the Pakistan Peoples Party Parliamentarians(PPPP) under the leadership of the former Prime Minister of Pakistan Benazir Bhutto.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Faisal Raza Abidi (Urdu: فیصل رضاعابدی‎ ) is a Pakistani political figure and a former senator representing the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) for Sindh Province, from March 2009 to January 2013. He also served as the party president of Karachi Division and held a high-ranking membership of the central committee of the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP). Famous for his oratory skills, Faisal is also renowned for speaking non-hesitantly against Taliban and its assorted banned terror groups operating in Pakistan on national TV. Politically, he is allied with Sunni Ittehad Council representing majority Sunni Barelvi sect and Majlis-e-Wahdat-ul-Muslimeen representing Shia sect in Pakistan. A businessman by profession, Abidi is also the chief executive officer of the Al-Zulfiqar Group of Companies, Karachi, since 2008.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Sardar Ghulam Muhammad Khan Mahar (Urdu: سردار غلام محمد خان مهر) was chief of the Mahar tribe, besides this he was a prominent politician and philinthropist of the Sukkur District. His hospitality was exemplary in and around the region. He was first elected as a member of National Assembly of Pakistan in 1964. He became senator in 1973 with the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP). He was elected as Member of the National Assembly in 1977 General elections as PPP candidate from NA-152 Sukkur II, he was elected Chairman District Council Sukkur in 1979 and remained till 1983. He was Minister for Agriculture When Gen Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq was the Martial Law Administrator. He won General elections of March 1985 as an independent candidate, and remained Minister of State for Health during 22 - 12 - 1986 to 29 - 5 - 1988 in Prime Minister of Pakistan Muhammad Khan Junejo cabinet. In 1988 post Gen Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq era elections He was defeated by Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP's) candidate Mian Abdul Haq Alias Mian Mitho. He became a member of National Assembly once again in October 1993 by contesting general elections from NA-152 as the candidate of Pakistan Muslim League (N) and afterward he died on April 1995." ]

[]

[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: Portlandia is a sketch comedy television series set and filmed in and around Portland, Oregon, starring Fred Armisen and Carrie Brownstein. The show is produced by Broadway Video Television and IFC Original Productions. It was created by Fred Armisen and Carrie Brownstein, along with Jonathan Krisel, who directs it. It debuted on IFC on January 21, 2011.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: The second season of the television comedy \"Portlandia\" began airing on IFC in the United States on January 6, 2012, consisting a total of 10 episodes. The series stars Fred Armisen and Carrie Brownstein.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: The third season of the television comedy \"Portlandia\" began airing on IFC in the United States on December 14, 2012, consisting a total of 11 episodes. Season three kicked off with a special Christmas episode. The series stars Fred Armisen and Carrie Brownstein.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: The fifth season of the television comedy \"Portlandia\" began airing on IFC in the United States on January 8, 2015, consisting a total of 10 episodes. The series stars Fred Armisen and Carrie Brownstein.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: \"Portlandia\" is an American satire television series created by Fred Armisen, Carrie Brownstein and Jonathan Krisel. The series stars Armisen and Brownstein. It premiered on January 21, 2011, on IFC. s of 9, 2017, episodes of \"Portlandia \" have aired.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Fereydun Robert \"Fred\" Armisen (born December 4, 1966) is an American actor, comedian, voice artist, screenwriter, producer, singer, and musician. Widely known as a cast member on \"Saturday Night Live\" from 2002 until 2013, Armisen has portrayed characters in comedy films, including \"EuroTrip\", \"\", and \"Cop Out\". With his comedy partner Carrie Brownstein, Armisen is the co-creator and co-star of the IFC sketch comedy series \"Portlandia\". Armisen founded ThunderAnt.com, a website that features the comedy sketches created with Brownstein, and is the bandleader for the \"Late Night with Seth Meyers\" house band, The 8G Band.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: The sixth season of the television comedy \"Portlandia\" began airing on IFC in the United States on January 21, 2016, consisting a total of 10 episodes. The series stars Fred Armisen and Carrie Brownstein.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: The fourth season of the television comedy \"Portlandia\" began airing on IFC in the United States on February 27, 2014, consisting a total of 10 episodes. The series stars Fred Armisen and Carrie Brownstein.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: Winslow Corbett (born 1979) is an American actress and the daughter of \"Rockford Files\" supporting player Gretchen Corbett (Beth Davenport)." ]

[ "Passage 1" ]

[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: Triga Films is a UK film company specialising in gay porn. Early pioneers of chav, scally, \"straight lad\" and working class gay films, the vast majority of which star raconteur Alexander 'the Toffee Boy' Austin. Company started in 1997 with release of its first film entitled \"Skinhead\", a mildly erotic documentary about the British Skinhead phenomenon and its links to gay working class culture, or gay skinheads Company also made a lesbian release entitled 'Dolly Birds' in 1999 before specialising entirely in gay male product. As the company has evolved the narrative of their films has centred on many typical working-class professions such as construction workers, \"white-van-men\", removal men and those in uniform. Whilst others have featured story-lines which portray a world set around 'hooligans', gangsters and disenfranchised urban unemployed men.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Stuart Vevers is a British fashion designer. He graduated from the University of Westminster in 1996. His first job was at Calvin Klein, followed by Bottega Veneta, Givenchy and Louis Vuitton, where he worked with Marc Jacobs. He joined Mulberry as creative director in 2005 and was instrumental in the company's success, transforming their leather goods into the must-have bags. He has also collaborated with Luella Bartley and Designer of the Year, Giles Deacon. In 2006, he won the British Fashion Council's Accessory Designer of the Year award. In July 2007 it was announced that he had been appointed creative director of Loewe, and, on 25 June 2013, Vevers was announced to be the executive creative director at American label Coach.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: Junya Watanabe(born in Fukushima, Japan in 1961) is a Japanese fashion designer, originally the protégé of Comme des Garçons designer Rei Kawakubo. Born in Fukushima, Japan in 1961, he went on to attend Bunka Fashion College in Tokyo, graduating in 1984. At this time he began his apprenticeship at Comme des Garçons as a patternmaker. In 1987, he was promoted to chief designer of Tricot knitwear line and then moved on to design for the Comme Des Garçons Homme line. Starting in 1992, he has worked under his own name as part of Comme des Garçons. He started his own line under the Comme Des Garçons name called 'Junya Watanabe Comme Des Garçons' in 1993 and began showing in Paris that same year.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Elspeth Champcommunal (1888 – 10 November 1976) was a British fashion designer and the first editor of \"Vogue\" in Britain. She was influential as a designer in her own right in Paris, with an eponymous brand, later taking on the role of chief designer of Worth London. She was among the founder members of the Incorporated Society of London Fashion Designers (IncSoc) and remained involved with the organisation during her tenure at Worth London.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Gordon Ivan \"Gifi\" Fields (born June 1951) is a British fashion designer and businessman. He is a co-founder of the British Fashion Council and one of the creators of the Rah-rah skirt.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Elspeth Gibson (born 1963 in Nottingham) is a British fashion designer, known for her feminine style of design. Her designs are often characterised by lace, beading and embroidery. Gibson was the British Fashion Council's New Generation Designer of the Year in 1998, and examples of her work are held in the design archive at the Victoria and Albert Museum. Her clients have included Madonna, Zara Phillips, Cate Blanchett, Uma Thurman and Queen Rania of Jordan, for whom she has undertaken private commissions.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: John Charles Galliano CBE, RDI (born 1960) is a Gibraltar-born British fashion designer who was the head designer of French fashion companies Givenchy (July 1995 to October 1996), Christian Dior (October 1996 to March 2011), and his own label John Galliano (1988 to 2011). At present, Galliano is the creative director of Paris-based fashion house Maison Margiela.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Julien Macdonald OBE (born 19 March 1971 in Merthyr Tydfil) is a Welsh fashion designer who has appeared as judge on the television programme, \"Britain & Ireland's Next Top Model\". In 2001, he was named \"British Fashion Designer of the Year\", and on 15 March 2001, was appointed as chief designer at Givenchy (Alexander McQueen's successor). His \"atelier\" is at Old Burlington Street, London.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: Lee Alexander McQueen, CBE (17 March 1969 – 11 February 2010) was a British fashion designer and couturier. He is known for having worked as chief designer at Givenchy from 1996 to 2001 and for founding his own Alexander McQueen label. His achievements in fashion earned him four British Designer of the Year awards (1996, 1997, 2001 and 2003), as well as the CFDA's International Designer of the Year award in 2003. McQueen committed suicide in 2010, at the age of forty, at his home in Mayfair, London." ]

[ "Passage 9" ]

[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: The Strangers is a 2008 American horror film written and directed by Bryan Bertino and starring Liv Tyler and Scott Speedman. The film follows a young couple who are terrorized by three masked assailants over the course of an evening at a remote summer home.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: \"The King of Rock 'n' Roll\" is a single by the English pop band Prefab Sprout, released in 1988. It was the second single taken from their album of that year, \"From Langley Park to Memphis\", and makes reference to a washed-up 1950s star who is only remembered for his one-hit novelty song, which is sung in the chorus. It remains as the band's biggest success in their native UK, where it reached #7 on the UK Singles Chart, and spent 10 weeks in the listings. Producer Thomas Dolby added a synth bass in the verses to mimic the sound of a bullfrog, tying them into the chorus. The song was featured in the 2nd episode of the 1st season of Spaced as well as an advert for Boots that premiered in October 2014.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: Thai Thangai Paasam (English: \"Mother, Sister Affection\") is a Tamil film released in 1995 directed and produced by T. Rajendar. Rajender himself appeared in the title role, whilst the film featured an extensive cast, which also featured Rajendar's three real life children, along with a bevy of supporting actors. The film released on 14 April 1995.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: En Thangai Kalyani (English: My sister Kalyani) is a Tamil film released in 1988 directed and produced by T. Rajendar. Rajender himself appeared in the title role with Sudha, whilst the film featured an extensive cast, which also featured Rajendar's real life children, along with a bevy of supporting actors. The film released on 5 February 1988 and was a blockbuster.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: \"Sprout and the Bean\" is a single by Joanna Newsom. The A-side is from her album \"The Milk-Eyed Mender\", while the B-side, \"What We Have Known\", is a re-recording of the track originally appearing on the self-released \"Yarn and Glue\" EP. The CD also contains the video for \"Sprout and the Bean\" which was directed by Terri Timely. The song has been used in commercials and films such as \"The Strangers\", as well as a tourism advert for Melbourne, Australia. The harp intro was also used in a Victoria's Secret ad.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Sabash Babu (English: Bravo Babu) is a Tamil film released in 1993 produced by S. R. M and directed by Sasi Mohan. Rajender himself appears in a major role with his son, Silambarasan appearing in the title role as a child artiste. Heera Rajgopal also features, whilst the film featured an extensive cast, which also featured Rajendar's other children, along with a bevy of supporting actors. The film released during Deepavali festival 1993. The music and lyrics by T. Rajendar.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Enga Veetu Velan is a Tamil film released in 1992 directed and produced by T. Rajendar. The lead roles are played by Selvaraj and Rekha, whilst the film featured an extensive cast, which also featured Rajendar's real life children, along with a bevy of supporting actors. The film released on 10 April 1992. The film completed a 100-day run.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Samsara Sangeetham is a Tamil film released in 1989 directed and produced by T. Rajendar. Rajender himself appeared in the title role with Renuka, whilst the film featured an extensive cast, which also featured Rajendar's real life children, along with a bevy of supporting actors. The film released on 21 July 1989. The film didn't succeed well at the box office\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: Achena Atithi is a 1973 Bengali film directed by Sukhen Das and Gyanesh Mukherjee. This film released under the banner Sara Productions. The film starring Rabi Ghosh, Samit Bhanja, Sukhen Das, Ratna Ghoshal, Jnanesh Mukhopadhyay in lead roles. The film has bean music composed by Ajoy Das.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Oru Vasantha Geetham is a Tamil film released in 1994 directed and produced by T. Rajendar. Rajender himself appeared in the title role with Gouthami, whilst the film featured an extensive cast, which also featured Rajendar's three real life children, along with a bevy of supporting actors. The film released on 4 May 1994." ]

[ "Passage 5", "Passage 1" ]

[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: The Legend of Jimmy Blue Eyes is a 1964 short film directed by Robert Clouse. Teddy Buckner composed the film score. Janee Michelle had her film acting debut in the film. John A. Alonzo, who would later become best known for his camerawork for \"Chinatown\", served as the cinematographer for \"The Legend of Jimmy Blue Eyes\". The film was screened at the 1965 Cannes Film Festival. Clouse won a Golden Globe Award for the film. The film was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film at the 37th Academy Awards, but lost to \"\". \"The Legend of Jimmy Blue Eyes\" was Clouse's second film to be nominated for this award, the first being the 1962 film \"The Cadillac\".\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Nemophila phacelioides is a flowering forb native to Texas, Oklahoma, Louisiana, and Alabama. The plant has medium-sized blue or purple flowers, and is an annual plant. The flower is known commonly as baby blue eyes, Texas baby blue eyes, largeflower baby blue eyes, or flannel breeches.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: \"Suite: Judy Blue Eyes\" is a suite of short songs written by Stephen Stills and performed by Crosby, Stills & Nash (CSN). It appeared on the group's self-titled debut album in 1969 and was released as a single, hitting #21 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 pop singles chart. The song is ranked #418 on \"Rolling Stone\"′s list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. In Canada, \"Suite: Judy Blue Eyes\" peaked at number 11.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Lucky Chloe (ラッキー・クロエ , Rakkī Kuroe ) , also known simply as Chloe, is a fictional character from the \"Tekken\" fighting game franchise by Bandai Namco Entertainment, making her debut in \"Tekken 7\". She is a teenage girl wearing a black, pink and white kitten-themed costume, including cat ears, tail, and paws. She is described as an otaku, having an obsession with Japanese pop culture and speaking in Japanese and English with a Japanese accent, though given her blonde hair and blue eyes, she may be of Caucasian descent. She is hired by G Corporation to be a mascot commercial. Her fighting style involves a lot of kicks, twirls, and flips, somewhat like a hip-hop dancer. As shown in her, Eddy Gordo and Jack-7's own endings, she's a good actor in her idol persona, but is revealed to be a spoiled brat in real life.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Michael I. Smith is an American television director and producer. He is best known for his work on \"\", also working as a first assistant director and unit production manager on the series. He also worked as a second assistant director on the films \"Gloria\" (1999), \"Mickey Blue Eyes\" (1999), \"The Simian Line\" (2000) and \"Man on the Moon\" (2001). As well as the television series \"The Sopranos\" and \"Hack\".\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: The black lemur (\"Eulemur macaco\") is a species of lemur from the family Lemuridae. Like all lemurs, it is endemic to Madagascar. Originally, the species was thought to have two subspecies, \"Eulemur macaco macaco\" and \"Eulemur macaco flavifrons\", both of which were elevated to species status by Mittermeier \"et al.\" in 2008 to \"Eulemur macaco\" and \"Eulemur flavifrons\" respectively. The most startling difference between the two species is the eye colour; \"Eulemur flavifrons\", the blue-eyed black lemur, has blue eyes and is the only primate other than humans to have blue eyes, while \"Eulemur macaco\", the black lemur, has brown or orange eyes, and also has ear tufts.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Michael Felgate (born 1 April 1991) is an English footballer who plays for Cypriot side Anagennisi Deryneia as a defender.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Blue Eyes, Black Hair (French: Les Yeux bleus cheveux noirs ) is a 1986 novel by the French writer Marguerite Duras. It tells the story of a couple who meet by chance in a small vacation town. The man is homosexual and has recently fallen in love with a man with blue eyes and black hair. After meeting the woman at a cafe, he pays the woman to come to his room so that he can look at her, presumably in order to learn something about women or love." ]

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[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: Hot August Night is a 1972 live double album by Neil Diamond (\"Hot August night\" is also the opening lyric to Diamond's 1969 single \"Brother Love's Travelling Salvation Show\"). The album is a recording of a Diamond concert on August 24, 1972, one of ten sold-out concerts that Diamond performed that month at The Greek Theatre in Los Angeles. This also marks the first album released by the newly formed MCA Records (a merging of the Uni, Kapp, and Decca labels).\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: \"Shilo\" is a song written and recorded by Neil Diamond. It was originally recorded in 1967 for Bang Records, but Diamond and Bang founder Bert Berns disagreed over Diamond's career path. The singer wanted to move away from his early teen-oriented pop type of recordings that Berns favored, which led to Berns' refusal to release the more introspective \"Shilo\" as a single, even though Diamond felt it was part of his development as an artist. \"Shilo\" was instead relegated to an album track on 1967's \"Just for You\". Shortly after what was said to be a \"tense\" confrontation with Berns, Diamond departed Bang for Uni Records in 1968.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: Get the Picture? , released in 2003, is the fourth album released by the San Jose, California rock band Smash Mouth. It was released with the single \"You Are My Number One\", which was written by Neil Diamond, and featured guest vocals by Ranking Roger. \"Hang On\" was also released.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Just for You is the second album by Neil Diamond. Like his debut, it has never been released on CD, though all but two of the tracks were made available on the \"\" compilation. All tracks are also available on the compilation album \"The Bang Years 1966-1968\". At some point or another, every single track on it was released either as an A-side or a B-side of a single, with many of them becoming big hits: \"You Got to Me\" (#18), \"Girl, You'll Be a Woman Soon\" (#10), \"Thank the Lord for the Night Time\" (#13), \"Red Red Wine\" (#62), and \"Shilo\" (#24 in 1970). Curiously, the year-old hit \"Cherry Cherry\" (from Diamond's first LP) also appears here, while the then-current hit \"Kentucky Woman\" (#22) does not. \"Solitary Man\" also re-appears in its 1966 version. This version would be re-released in 1970 and chart at #21. This was Diamond's first album consisting entirely of original material, and his final album for the Bang label.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Headed for the Future is the seventeenth studio album released by Neil Diamond in 1986. The album went to number 20 on the \"Billboard\" 200 and also heralded a return to the pop charts, when the uptempo, keyboard-heavy title track, \"Headed for the Future\" reached #53 (also cracking the top 10 on the Adult Contemporary chart). Another single, \"The Story of My Life\" narrowly missed the top ten on the adult contemporary charts and has since become one of Neil Diamond's best-known and well-respected songs. \"Headed for the Future\" has been certified gold in the US by the RIAA.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Jonathan Livingston Seagull is the Grammy Award winning soundtrack album to the 1973 American film \"Jonathan Livingston Seagull\", recorded by singer-songwriter Neil Diamond and produced by Tom Catalano. The album was released on Columbia Records, Diamond's debut for that label after his contract with MCA Records' Uni subsidiary had expired, and grossed more than the film itself. It was Diamond's ninth studio album, and his first album after his successful 1972 live album \"Hot August Night\". It won the 1974 Grammy as Best Original Score Written for a Motion Picture or a Television Special.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Neil Leslie Diamond (born January 24, 1941) is an American singer-songwriter, musician and actor. One of the world's best-selling artists of all time, he has sold over 135 million records worldwide since the start of his career in the 1960s. With 38 songs in the Top 10, he is the second most successful artist in the history of the \"Billboard\" Adult Contemporary Top 10 charts. His songs have been covered internationally by performers from a variety of musical genres.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: 50 Year Anniversary World Tour is a Neil Diamond tour which marked the 50th Anniversary of his first hit single, \"Solitary Man,\" released in 1966. It began in Fresno, California on April 7, 2017, and was scheduled to conclude at The O2 Arena in London on October 19, 2017. The tour began just after the March release of a 50-song, three-disc career-spanning box set titled \"Neil Diamond 50 - 50th Anniversary Collection.\"\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: \"Forever in Blue Jeans\" is a song by Neil Diamond which was co-written with his guitarist Richard Bennett. This up-tempo track, released as a single by Columbia in February 1979, was taken from the previous year's Neil Diamond album \"You Don't Bring Me Flowers\". Neil Diamond said about the song: \"the simple things are really the important things\".\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Tap Root Manuscript is the sixth studio album by Neil Diamond, released in 1970. It was one of the most experimental albums he ever recorded, featuring prominent African sounds and instruments. The album ended up being a commercial success, with a string of top 40 hits. This album predates many Western artists' interest in world music by more than a decade, from Peter Gabriel's 1980's solo albums, to \"My Life in the Bush of Ghosts\" (David Byrne with Brian Eno) in 1981, to the \"Graceland\" album recorded by Paul Simon in 1986. It was one of the most novel experimental recording projects of its time, and the Uni label initially was not sure whether it would be commercially viable. It turned out to be one of Diamond's most successful albums up to that point in his career, including one of his three #1 hits in his career, \"Cracklin' Rosie\"." ]

[ "Passage 7", "Passage 3" ]

[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: The University of Missouri System is a state university system providing centralized administration for four universities, a health care system, an extension program, and ten research and technology parks. Nearly 70,000 students are currently enrolled at its four campuses. The health care system operates several hospitals and clinics in central Missouri, while the extension program provides distance learning and other educational initiatives statewide.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Princeton is the northern terminus of the Princeton Branch commuter rail service operated by New Jersey Transit (NJT), and is located on the Princeton University campus in Princeton, New Jersey. At the branch's southern end at Princeton Junction, connections are available to NJT's Northeast Corridor Line and peak-hour Amtrak trains. The shuttle train between the two stations is known as the \"Dinky\", and has also been known as the \"PJ&B\", for \"Princeton Junction and Back\". Now running 2.7 mi along a single track, it is the shortest scheduled commuter rail line in the United States. Initial studies have been conducted to add a bus transitway along the Dinky right-of-way as part of a proposed Bus Rapid Transit system.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: The Princeton University Art Museum (PUAM) is the Princeton University's gallery of art, located in Princeton, New Jersey. Founded in 1882, it now houses over 92,000 works of art that range from antiquity to the contemporary period. The Princeton University Art Museum dedicates itself to supporting and enhancing the University's goals of teaching, research, and service in fields of art and culture, as well as to serving regional communities and visitors from around the world. Its collections concentrate on the Mediterranean region, Western Europe, China, the United States, and Latin America.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Nassau Hall (or Old Nassau) is the oldest building at Princeton University in Princeton, Mercer County, New Jersey, United States. At the time it was built in 1756, Nassau Hall was the largest building in colonial New Jersey and the largest academic building in all the American colonies. The University, then known as the \"College of New Jersey\", held classes for one year in Elizabeth and nine years in Newark before the Hall was completed in 1756. Designed originally by Robert Smith, the building was subsequently remodeled by notable American architects Benjamin Latrobe and John Notman. In the early years of Princeton University, Nassau Hall accommodated classrooms, a library, a chapel, and residential space for students and faculty. It housed the university's first Department of Psychology, for example.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: University Field was a stadium in Princeton, New Jersey which opened in 1876 through a gift by William Libbey, then a student at the College of New Jersey (renamed Princeton University in 1896). It hosted the Princeton University Tigers football team until they moved to Palmer Stadium in 1914. It was home to the Princeton baseball team from its opening until 1960, when the field was replaced by Princeton's Engineering Quad. The stadium held 20,000 people at its peak.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: The Judgment of Princeton was a wine tasting (or blind tasting) event held on 8 June 2012 during a conference of the American Association of Wine Economists held at Princeton University in Princeton, New Jersey. The purpose of this event was to compare, by a blind tasting, of several French wines against wines produced in New Jersey in order to gauge the quality and development of the New Jersey wine industry. Because New Jersey's wine industry is relatively young and small, it has received little attention in the world wine market. The state's wine production has experienced growth in recent years largely as a result of state legislators offering new opportunities for winery licensing and repealing Prohibition-era laws that have constrained the industry's development in past years. This event was modeled after a 1976 blind tasting event dubbed the \"Judgment of Paris\" in which French wines were compared to several wines produced in California when that state's wine industry was similarly young and developing. The New Jersey wine industry heralded the results and asserted that the rating of New Jersey wines by the blind tasting's judges was a victory for the state's wine industry.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: John Maclean Jr., D.D. (March 3, 1800 – August 10, 1886) was an American Presbyterian clergyman and educator who served as the tenth President of Princeton University, then known as the College of New Jersey. Maclean, the son of the first professor of chemistry at the College of New Jersey, grew up in Princeton, New Jersey. He attended the College and later Princeton Theological Seminary. At age 23, he became full professor of mathematics at the university. Six years later, he became university vice president. He was responsible for bringing a number of renown scholars and academics to the college. During this time, he also left mathematics and became professor of ancient languages. Maclean was one of the chief architects of the state's public education system. His plan for a state normal school, local boards of education and nonsectarian public schools was adopted by the state legislature. He became president of the College of New Jersey in 1854. He led the university through the 1855 burning of Nassau Hall and the American Civil War. After retiring from his post after 14 years in office, he wrote a two-volume history of the university. He served as the honorary president of the university's Alumni Association until his death.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Edmund Yard Robbins (born 29 May 1867, Windsor, New Jersey – d. 30 May 1942, Princeton, New Jersey) was an American philosopher. He was Ewing Professor of the Greek Language and Literature at Princeton University. In 1889, he obtained a Bachelors, and in 1890 a master's degree from Princeton. From 1891 to 1894, he furthered his studies at the University of Leipzig. On his return he was as an instructor at Princeton University in Greek. In 1897 he was appointed assistant professor. After his graduation to Doctor of Letters with unpublished work of the Greek orator Isaeus (1901), he was appointed full professor in 1902. In 1910, he succeeded S. Stanhope Orris in the Ewing Professorship. From 1921 to 1922 he was professor at the Annual American School of Classical Studies at Athens. In 1936 he became professor emeritus.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: The Tiger Inn (or \"\"T.I.\"\" as it is colloquially known) is one of the eleven active eating clubs at Princeton University in Princeton, New Jersey. Tiger Inn was founded in 1890 and is one of the \"Big Four\" eating clubs at Princeton (the others are The Ivy Club, University Cottage Club, and Cap and Gown Club), the four oldest and most prestigious on campus. Tiger Inn is the third oldest Princeton Eating Club. Its historic clubhouse is located at 48 Prospect Avenue, Princeton, New Jersey, near the Princeton University campus." ]

[ "Passage 1" ]

[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: Operations Taxable, Glimmer and Big Drum were tactical military deceptions conducted on 6 June 1944 in support of the Allied landings in Normandy. The operations formed the naval component of Operation Bodyguard, a wider series of tactical and strategic deceptions surrounding the invasion. Small boats, along with aircraft from RAF Bomber Command, simulated invasion fleets approaching Cap d'Antifer, Pas-de-Calais and Normandy. Glimmer and Taxable played on the German belief, amplified by Allied deception efforts over the preceding months, that the main invasion force would land in the Calais region. Big Drum was positioned on the western flank of the real invasion force to try to confuse German forces about the scale of the landings. These operations complemented Operation Titanic, which was intended to confuse the Germans about the D-Day airborne forces.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Operation Waterfall was part of Operation Mincemeat, which was a deception to try to trick the Germans into thinking the Allies would land somewhere else in the Mediterranean other than Sicily, where they were going to land. It involved creating a decoy army in the eastern Mediterranean to make it look like they were targeting the Balkans. The Anglo-American force also created some dummy inflatable tanks and vehicles.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: Operation Ironside was a Second World War military deception undertaken by the Allies in 1944. It formed part of Operation Bodyguard, a broad strategic deception plan instigated by the Allies throughout the year to help cover the June 1944 invasion of Normandy. Ironside supported the overall deception by suggesting to the Germans that the Allies would subsequently land along the Bay of Biscay. It complemented efforts to deceive the Germans into believing that the Allies would also land in southern France at this time (Operation Vendetta). Bordeaux was an important port for the German war effort and had already been a target of commando raids two years earlier. Ironside intended to play on German fears of an invasion in the region, with the aim of tying down defensive forces following Operation Overlord in June 1944.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: The 21st Army Group was a World War II British headquarters formation, in command of two field armies and other supporting units, consisting primarily of the British Second Army and the First Canadian Army. Established in London during July 1943, under the command of Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF), it was assigned to Operation Overlord, the Western Allied invasion of Europe, and was an important Allied force in the European Theatre. The 21st Army Group operated in Northern France, Luxembourg, Belgium, the Netherlands and Germany from June 1944 until the end of the war in Europe in May 1945, after which it was redesignated the British Army of the Rhine (BAOR).\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: The Normandy landings (codenamed Operation Neptune) were the landing operations on Tuesday, 6 June 1944 (termed D-Day) of the Allied invasion of Normandy in Operation Overlord during World War II. The largest seaborne invasion in history, the operation began the liberation of German-occupied northwestern Europe from Nazi control, and contributed to the Allied victory on the Western Front.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Operation Quicksilver was a Second World War military deception. Undertaken by the Allies in 1944, the operation threatened an invasion of France in the Pas de Calais region through the simulation of a large Field Army in South East England. Quicksilver formed part of the Operation Fortitude deception, itself part of the strategic Operation Bodyguard plan. The key element of Quicksilver was the creation in German minds that \"First United States Army Group\" (FUSAG) commanded by General George Patton supposedly would land in the Pas-de-Calais for the major invasion of Europe, after the landings in Normandy had lured the German defenders to that front. (FUSAG was a genuine army group headquarters which later became Omar Bradley's 12th Army Group, but was given a fictitious role and many non-existent divisions for purposes of deception.)\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Operation Dragoon (initially Operation Anvil) was the code name for the Allied invasion of Southern France on 15August 1944. The operation was initially planned to be executed in conjunction with Operation Overlord, the Allied landing in the Normandy, but the lack of available resources led to a cancellation of the second landing. By July 1944 the landing was reconsidered, as the clogged-up ports in Normandy did not have the capacity to adequately supply the Allied forces. Concurrently, the French High Command pushed for a revival of the operation that would include large numbers of French troops. As a result, the operation was finally approved in July to be executed in August.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: The Western Allies of World War II launched the largest amphibious invasion in history when they assaulted Normandy, located on the northern coast of France, on 6 June 1944. The invaders were able to establish a beachhead as part of Operation Overlord after a successful \"D-Day,\" the first day of the invasion.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: The American airborne landings in Normandy were the first American combat operations during Operation Overlord, the invasion of Normandy by the Western Allies on June 6, 1944, during World War II. Around 13,100 American paratroopers of the 82nd and 101st Airborne Divisions made night parachute drops early on D-Day, June 6, followed by 3,937 glider troops flown in by day. As the opening maneuver of Operation Neptune (the assault operation for Overlord) the two American airborne divisions were delivered to the continent in two parachute and six glider missions." ]

[ "Passage 8" ]

[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: War for the Planet of the Apes is a 2017 American science fiction film directed by Matt Reeves and written by Mark Bomback and Reeves. A sequel to \"Rise of the Planet of the Apes\" (2011) and \"Dawn of the Planet of the Apes\" (2014), it is the third installment in the \"Planet of the Apes\" reboot series. The film stars Andy Serkis, Woody Harrelson and Steve Zahn, and follows a confrontation between the apes, led by Caesar, and the humans for control of Earth. Like its predecessor, its premise shares several similarities to the fifth film in the original series, \"Battle for the Planet of the Apes\", but it is not a direct remake.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Conquest of the Planet of the Apes is a 1972 science fiction film directed by J. Lee Thompson and written by Paul Dehn. It is the fourth of five films in the original \"Planet of the Apes\" series produced by Arthur P. Jacobs. The film stars Roddy McDowall, Don Murray and Ricardo Montalbán. It explores how the apes rebelled from humanity's ill treatment following \"Escape from the Planet of the Apes\" (1971). It was followed by \"Battle for the Planet of the Apes\" (1973).\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: The War Lord is a 1965 American film about Medieval warfare in 11th century Normandy, starring Charlton Heston and directed by Franklin J. Schaffner. It is an adaptation of the play, \"The Lovers\", by Leslie Stevens. The film also features Richard Boone, Rosemary Forsyth, Guy Stockwell, Maurice Evans, Niall MacGinnis, Henry Wilcoxon and James Farentino, with Jon Alderson, Allen Jaffe, Sammy Ross, and Woodrow Parfrey. Schaffner would later reteam with Heston and Evans in 1968 for \"Planet of the Apes\".\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Escape from the Planet of the Apes is a 1971 science fiction film directed by Don Taylor and written by Paul Dehn. It stars Roddy McDowall, Kim Hunter, Bradford Dillman and Ricardo Montalbán. It is the third of five films in the original \"Planet of the Apes\" series produced by Arthur P. Jacobs, the second being \"Beneath the Planet of the Apes\" (1970). Its plot centers on many social issues of the day including scientific experimentation on animals, nuclear war and government intrusion. The film was well received by critics, getting the best reviews of the four \"Planet of the Apes\" sequels. It was followed by \"Conquest of the Planet of the Apes\".\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Planet of the Apes is a 2001 American science fiction film directed by Tim Burton and starring Mark Wahlberg, Tim Roth, Helena Bonham Carter, Michael Clarke Duncan, Paul Giamatti, and Estella Warren. The sixth film produced in the \"Planet of the Apes\" franchise, it was loosely adapted from Pierre Boulle's 1963 novel of the same name and the 1968 film version. It tells the story of astronaut Leo Davidson crash-landing on a planet inhabited by intelligent apes. The apes treat humans as slaves, but with the help of an ape named Ari, Leo starts a rebellion.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Charlton Heston (born John Charles Carter or Charlton John Carter; October 4, 1923 – April 5, 2008) was an American actor and political activist.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Rise of the Planet of the Apes is a 2011 American science fiction film directed by Rupert Wyatt and starring James Franco, Freida Pinto, John Lithgow, Brian Cox, Tom Felton, David Oyelowo, and Andy Serkis. Written by Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver, it is 20th Century Fox's reboot of the \"Planet of the Apes\" series, intended to act as an origin story for a new series of films. Its premise is similar to the fourth film in the original series, \"Conquest of the Planet of the Apes\" (1972), but it is not a direct remake of that film.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Planet of the Apes is an American science fiction media franchise consisting of films, books, television series, comics, and other media about a world in which humans and intelligent apes clash for control. The series began with French author Pierre Boulle's 1963 novel \"La Planète des Singes\", translated into English as \"Planet of the Apes\" or \"Monkey Planet\". The 1968 film adaptation, \"Planet of the Apes\", was a critical and commercial hit, initiating a series of sequels, tie-ins, and derivative works. Arthur P. Jacobs produced the series under APJAC Productions until his death in 1973; since then 20th Century Fox has owned the franchise.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: Dawn of the Planet of the Apes is a 2014 American science fiction film directed by Matt Reeves and written by Mark Bomback, Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver. It stars Andy Serkis, Jason Clarke, Gary Oldman, Keri Russell, Toby Kebbell and Kodi Smit-McPhee. It is the sequel to the 2011 film \"Rise of the Planet of the Apes\", which began 20th Century Fox's reboot of the original \"Planet of the Apes\" series. \"Dawn\" is set ten years after the events of \"Rise\", and follows a group of people in San Francisco who struggle to stay alive in the aftermath of a plague that is wiping out humanity, while Caesar tries to maintain dominance over his community of intelligent apes." ]

[ "Passage 6" ]

[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: Pierre Regional Airport (IATA: PIR, ICAO: KPIR, FAA LID: PIR) is a city owned, public airport three miles east of Pierre, in Hughes County, South Dakota, United States. The airport was served by two airlines until January 31, 2012 when Delta Air Lines regional affiliate Delta Connection ceased all service. Great Lakes Airlines now flies both east and west via interline agreements with Delta Air Lines, Frontier Airlines and United Airlines.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: This is a list of aviation-related events from 1985. It remains one of the deadliest years in aviation history for aviation disasters, including the crash of Japan Airlines Flight 123, bombing of Air India Flight 182, crash of Arrow Air Flight 1285, crash of Aeroflot Flight 7425, crash of Iberia Airlines Flight 610, Delta Air Lines Flight 191, Galaxy Airlines Flight 203, and British Airtours Flight 28M, a mid-air collision between Aeroflot Flight 8381 and a Soviet Air Forces transport aircraft, the hijacking of Egyptair Flight 648, and various crashes and other incidents with under 50 fatalities. August 1985 remains the worst single month for commercial aviation fatalities in history.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: On September 11, 2001, Delta Air Lines Flight 1989 was a regularly scheduled flight offering nonstop morning service from Logan International Airport in Boston to Los Angeles International Airport on a Boeing 767-300ER aircraft. This flight was one of several flights considered by the U.S. government as possibly hijacked. However the flight had not been compromised and soon landed safely in Cleveland, Ohio.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Delta Air Lines Flight 1086 (DL1086/DAL1086) was a scheduled Delta Air Lines domestic passenger flight between Atlanta and New York's LaGuardia Airport. On March 5, 2015, the McDonnell Douglas MD-88 aircraft veered off the runway shortly after landing at LaGuardia Airport in New York City. The plane ran up the seawall berm and struck the perimeter fence, sliding along it for approximately 940 ft before coming to rest with the nose of the aircraft hanging over the berm above Flushing Bay. There were no fatalities, although 24 people suffered minor injuries. The aircraft was seriously damaged.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: On March 25, 1969, Luis Antonio Frese hijacked a Delta Air Lines flight 821 (DC-8) from Dallas, Texas to Havana, Cuba. Frese was indicted in Texas but never returned to the United States to face prosecution. He reportedly died in Cuba in 1975.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Delta Air Lines Flight 191 was a regularly scheduled Delta Air Lines domestic service from Fort Lauderdale, Florida, to Los Angeles, via Dallas that crashed on August 2, 1985, at 18:05 (). The Lockheed L-1011 TriStar operating this flight encountered a microburst while on approach to land on runway 17L (now marked 17C) at Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport (DFW). The pilots were unable to escape the weather event and the aircraft struck the ground over a mile short of the runway. The flight hit a car driving north of the airport and two water tanks, disintegrating. The crash killed 136 people on board, including 128 of the 152 passengers and 8 of the 11 crew, and the driver of the car. The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) determined that the crash resulted from the flight crew's decision to fly through a thunderstorm, the lack of procedures and training to avoid or escape microbursts, and the lack of hazard information on wind shear.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: DAL Global Services, LLC (DGS), a Delta Air Lines company, is an aviation services provider. DGS provides services such as aircraft ground handling, aircraft maintenance, cargo handling, and many other aviation-related services. DGS services over 50 airports within the USA and the Bahamas. They have contracts with multiple airlines and have not limited themselves to Delta Air Lines. DGS has over 7,000 employees. It is headquartered at the Delta Air Lines headquarters in Atlanta.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Northwest Airlines Flight 253 was an international passenger flight from Amsterdam Airport Schiphol in Haarlemmermeer, Netherlands, to Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport in Romulus, Michigan, United States. The flight was the target of a failed al-Qaeda bombing attempt on Christmas Day, December 25, 2009, in which a passenger tried to set off plastic explosives sewn to his underwear. There were 290 people on board the aircraft—an Airbus A330-323E operated by Northwest Airlines, which had merged with Delta Air Lines the year before. Had the attempt succeeded, it would have surpassed American Airlines Flight 191 as the deadliest aviation occurrence on U.S. soil and tied Iran Air Flight 655 as the eighth-deadliest of all time. The incident was also the second in 2009 involving an Airbus A330, after the crash of Air France Flight 447 on June 1. This was also the final accident/incident involving Northwest Airlines as it closed down a month later when it merged with Delta Air Lines.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: Delta TechOps is the maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) division of Delta Air Lines, and is headquartered at Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport (ATL) in Atlanta, Georgia. With more than 9,600 Technical Operations employees and 51 maintenance stations worldwide, Delta TechOps is a full-service maintenance provider for the more than 750 aircraft that make up the Delta Air Lines fleet. In addition to maintaining the Delta Air Lines fleet, Delta TechOps also provides MRO solutions and support to more than 150 third-party operators around the world, making it the largest airline MRO provider in North America and the third largest worldwide." ]

[ "Passage 3" ]

[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: The Clover Hill Swimming Club, in the Millington section of Long Hill Township in Morris County, New Jersey, United States, was a swim club operating in the late 1950s and 1960s in the suburban New York City metropolitan region.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: The Pegu Club or the Pegu is a gin-based cocktail that was the signature drink of Burma's Pegu Club. The club was located just outside Rangoon, and its members were those Britons who were senior government and military officials and prominent businessmen. The club was named after the Pegu, a Burmese river. The recipe appears in the \"Savoy Cocktail Book of 1930\" by Harry Craddock as \"The Pegu Club Cocktail,\" and the 1930 edition of \"Cocktails by \"Jimmy\" late of Ciro's London\" as \"Pegu Club.\" However, it appears to be first listed in \"Barflies and Cocktails\" by Harry McElhone of the famous Harry's New York Bar in Paris.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: A screwdriver is a popular alcoholic highball drink made with orange juice and vodka. While the basic drink is simply the two ingredients, there are many variations; the most common one is made with one part vodka, one part of any kind of orange soda, and one part of orange juice. Many of the variations have different names in different parts of the world. The International Bartender Association has designated this cocktail as an IBA Official Cocktail.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Bumbo (also known as bombo or bumboo) is a drink made from rum, water, sugar, and nutmeg. Cinnamon is sometimes substituted for or added to the nutmeg. Modern bumbo is often made with dark rum, citrus juice, grenadine, and nutmeg.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Krupnik (Polish), Krupnik (Belarusian) or Krupnikas (Lithuanian), is a traditional sweet alcoholic drink similar to a liqueur, based on grain spirit (usually vodka) and honey, popular in Poland, Belarus and Lithuania. In Poland it is grouped in the nalewka category of alcoholic beverages. Mass-produced versions of krupnik consist of 40–50% (80–100 proof) alcohol, but traditional versions will use 80–100% grain alcohol as the base. Honey, in particular clover honey, is the main ingredient used to add sweetness, as well as up to 50 different herbs. There are many versions and some recipes have been passed down through generations. Krupnik originated in the territories of present-day Belarus, which were at the time part of the larger Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Krupnik is sometimes heated before being served.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: The Clover Club Cocktail is a cocktail consisting of Gin, Lemon Juice, Raspberry Syrup, and an egg white. The egg white is not added for the purpose of giving the drink flavor, but rather acts as an emulsifier. Thus when the drink is shaken a characteristic foamy head is formed.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Slaframine is an indolizidine alkaloidal mycotoxin that generally causes salivation (slobbers) in most animals. It is usually produced by the fungus \"Rhizoctonia leguminicola\". It is a common fungal pathogen of red clover (\"Trifolium pratense\") that causes black patch disease in the plant. Slaframine has the molecular formula CHNO. The different environmental condition promotes the growth of the Rhizoctonia leguminicola fungus. For example, wet and humid weather are the favorable environmental condition for the growth of the fungus and production of slaframine. Legume hays contaminated with slaframine causes slobber syndrome and the various animals are sensitive to its effects.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: The Norfolk four-course system is a method of agriculture that involves crop rotation. Unlike other methods such as the three-field system, the Norfolk system is marked by an absence of a fallow year. Instead, four different crops are grown in each year of a four-year cycle: wheat, turnips, barley, and clover or undergrass. It was developed in Norfolk County, England in the 17th century.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: A.O. Acharnaikos (Greek: Α.Ο. Αχαρναϊκός ) is a Greek football club based in Acharnes (Menidi area), Athens, Greece. It was created in 1938 and was founded in 1953. The club was known as Yperochi Menidi until 1961. The club´s logo is a clover with two alphas in the left and top and an omicron at the right. Currently competes in the football league, the second division of the Greek football league system and plays in Acharnes stadium with a 4,450 seating capacity.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Trifolium longipes is a species of clover known by the common name longstalk clover. It is native to the western United States, where it occurs in many types of habitat. There are many subtaxa (subspecies and varieties) which occur in different regions and differ slightly in appearance. In general, it is a perennial herb with leaves made up of 2 to 5 leaflets which are variable in shape. The inflorescence is a head of flowers up to 3 centimeters wide with white to purplish or bicolored corollas." ]

[ "Passage 6", "Passage 4" ]

[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: Sol Gareth \"Garry\" Davis (July 27, 1921 – July 24, 2013) was an international peace activist who created the World Passport, a fantasy travel document based on his interpretation of Article 13(2), Universal Declaration of Human Rights and on the concept of world citizenship. Previously Davis had worked as a Broadway stage actor and served as an American bomber pilot in World War II. He was a devoted World Federalist, although a consistent critic of the World Federalist Movement.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: James Chau (Chinese: 周柳建成 \"Zhōuliǔ\" \"Jiànchéng\" ) who was born on 11 December 1977, is a journalist, television presenter, and United Nations Goodwill Ambassador. He anchors the main evening news on China Central Television, which broadcasts from Beijing to more than 80 countries, and reports live on location worldwide. As a correspondent, he has covered breaking news on the Asian tsunami and global SARS outbreak, and has interviewed world figures: UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, Nobel Laureate Françoise Barré-Sinoussi, and King Constantine II. He is one of the few journalists to have interviewed Zimbabwean President Robert Mugabe and mathematics teacher Anand Kumar. , In 2009, he was appointed by the United Nations as China's first UNAIDS Goodwill Ambassador.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: The World Federalist Movement — Canada (WFMC) is a member organization of the World Federalist Movement, a global citizens movement dedicated to promoting institutions of world governance. WFMC has a national headquarters in Ottawa, and active branches in Vancouver, Victoria, and Montreal.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: The World Federalist Movement (WFM) is a global citizens movement that advocates the establishment of a global federal system of strengthened and democratic global institutions subjected to the principles of subsidiarity, solidarity and democracy. Famous advocates of world federalism include Albert Einstein, Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King Jr., Rosika Schwimmer, Garry Davis, Emery Reves and Lola Maverick Lloyd. The organization was created in 1947 by those concerned that the structure of the new United Nations was too similar to the League of Nations which had failed to prevent World War II, both being loosely structured associations of sovereign nation-states, with few autonomous powers.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Democratic World Federalists, a civil society organization based in San Francisco with supporters worldwide, advocates a \"democratic federal system of world government\" in order to end war and crimes against humanity and to promote “a just world community and the preservation of a livable and healthful global environment” through the development of enforceable world law. It is affiliated with the Coalition for Democratic World Government, the Community of World Citizens, and the World Federalist Movement.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Chrystal is an American drama film, which was released to audiences in the United States on April 8, 2005. The cast included Billy Bob Thornton, Lisa Blount, Harry Lennix, Walton Goggins, and Grace Zabriskie. Ray McKinnon, in addition to playing the role of \"Snake\", directed, wrote, and produced the film. The story is about a woman named Chrystal (Lisa Blount) who has been traumatized both physically and mentally from a car accident that took the life of her son. Joe (Billy Bob Thornton), Chrystal's husband, has just been released from jail after a 16-year sentence stemming from multiple crimes he committed.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Mahmoud Kabil (Arabic: محمود قابيل‎ ‎ , born May 19, 1946) is an award-winning Egyptian actor and political activist. He is also the UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador for the Middle East and North Africa. Kabil served as an officer in the Military of Egypt's Special Forces before becoming a promising actor in Egyptian cinema during the 1970s. Blacklisted in 1980, Kabil moved to the United States and took a 14-year hiatus from acting. He made a successful comeback upon his return to Egypt in 1993, and has since starred in more than 50 films and TV series on his way to becoming one of Egypt's most popular actors. After years of involvement with the United Nations, Kabil was named a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador in November 2003.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Peter John Roussel Luff, Director Mass1, Trustee, Mass Extinction Monitoringl Observatory (MEMO), Vice Chair, World Federalist Movement - Institute for Global Policy, Trustee, China Dialogue, formerly CEO Action for a Global Climate Community (2003-2011) Director of the Royal Commonwealth Society (1997–2001); formerly Director and Vice Chair of The European Movement UK, The International European Movement (1986–1995) Funding and Marketing Director of the Social Democratic Party (1981–1987) and Assistant Director of Amnesty International UK (1974–1978)" ]

[]

[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: Carl Frederick Kraenzel (November 1, 1906 – July 26, 1980) was an American sociologist. Most of Kraenzel’s work focuses on the people of the Great Plains, covering a range of topics including quality of life, power relations, resource use, and mental health. Kraenzel has been widely published in a variety of professional journals, monographs, research bulletins, special reports and books in the fields of rural sociology, Great Plains sociology, and natural resource sociology. His most known work, \"The Great Plains in Transition\" describes the challenges of social life and connections to the natural environments in the North American semiarid region located between the 98th meridian and the Rocky Mountains. Born in Hebron, North Dakota, Kraenzel grew up on a farm in the countryside of the Northern Great Plains and witnessed first-hand the challenges of rural life and living in the region. Kraenzel attended the University of North Dakota for his undergraduate degree, and continued on to do graduate work at the University of Minnesota, Harvard University, and the University of Wisconsin, where he received his Ph.D in 1935. Kraenzel served as a professor of sociology at Montana State University in Bozeman for many years, and later at the University of Texas at El Paso.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Chief Shaumonekusse (Chonmonicase, Letan, L'Letan, \"Prairie Wolf\") (ca. 1785–1837) was a leader of the Otoe Native American tribe in the early 19th century. The Otoe was a Great Plains tribe, closely related to the Ioway and Missouria.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: The Battle of Beecher Island, also known as the Battle of Arikaree Fork, was an armed conflict between elements of the United States Army and several of the Plains Native American tribes in September 1868. Beecher Island, on the Arikaree River, then known as part of the North Fork of the Republican River, near present-day Wray, Colorado, was named afterwards for Lieutenant Fredrick H. Beecher, an army officer killed during the battle.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Michael Forsberg is an American photographer. Many of his photographs depict landscapes and wildlife of the Great Plains. Some of his work is found in the Great Plains Art Museum of the Center for Great Plains Studies at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. From the fall of 2005 to the winter of 2008 he traveled 100,000 miles in 12 states and three Canadian provinces taking the photographs that work appear in \"Great Plains: America's Lingering Wild\", published by the University of Chicago Press in 2009 (ISBN  ).\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Plains Indians, Interior Plains Indians or Indigenous people of the Great Plains and Canadian Prairies are the Native American tribes and First Nation band governments who have traditionally lived on the greater Interior Plains (i.e. the Great Plains and the Canadian Prairies) in North America. Their historic nomadic culture and development of equestrian culture and resistance to domination by the government and military forces of Canada and the United States have made the Plains Indian culture groups an archetype in literature and art for American Indians everywhere.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Chief Blackbird (Wash-ing-guh Sah-ba) (ca. 1750 – 1800) was the leader of the Omaha Native American Indian tribe who commanded the trade routes used by Spanish, French, British and later American traders until the late 18th century. He was one of the first of the Plains Indian chiefs to trade with white explorers and also believed to be the first of the Plains Indian chiefs to openly question white encroachment. Blackbird used trade as a means to prosperity for his people and as a way to ensure white explorers were aware that they were the guests. The Omaha were not warlike people, yet they were the first on the Great Plains to have mastered equestrianism around 1770 and were at one point, while Chief Blackbird was alive, the most powerful Indian tribe in the Great Plains.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Thousands of years before Europeans arrived, a large portion of south east Florida, including the area where Miami, Florida exists today, was inhabited by Tequestas. The Tequesta (also Tekesta, Tegesta, Chequesta, Vizcaynos) Native American tribe, at the time of first European contact, occupied an area along the southeastern Atlantic coast of Florida. They had infrequent contact with Europeans and had largely migrated by the middle of the 18th century. Miami is named after the Mayaimi, a Native American tribe that lived around Lake Okeechobee until the 17th or 18th century.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: The Osage Nation ( ) (\"Ni-u-kon-ska\", \"People of the Middle Waters\") is a Midwestern Native American tribe of the Great Plains who historically dominated much of present-day Missouri, Arkansas, Kansas, and Oklahoma. The tribe developed in the Ohio and Mississippi river valleys around 700 BC along with other groups of its language family. They migrated west of the Mississippi after the 16th century due to wars with Iroquois invading the Ohio Valley from New York and Pennsylvania in a search for new hunting grounds. The nations separated at that time, and the Osage settled near the confluence of the Missouri and the Mississippi rivers.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: Kiowa ( ) people are a Native American tribe and an indigenous people of the Great Plains. They migrated southward from western Montana into the Rocky Mountains in Colorado in the 17th and 18th centuries, and finally into the Southern Plains by the early 19th century. In 1867, the Kiowa were moved to a reservation in southwestern Oklahoma.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock, 187 U.S. 553 (1903) was a United States Supreme Court case brought against the US government by the Kiowa chief Lone Wolf, who charged that Native American tribes under the Medicine Lodge Treaty had been defrauded of land by Congressional actions in violation of the treaty." ]

[ "Passage 9", "Passage 10" ]

[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: Imre Bacskai (born January 29, 1988) is a Hungarian boxer. He competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in the men's welterweight event, in which he was eliminated in the round of 32 by Souleymane Cissokho.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Aliaksandr Mikalayevich Buikevich (Belarusian: Аляксандар Мікалаевіч Буйкевіч , Russian: Александр Буйкевич ; born 19 November 1984) is a Belarusian sabre fencer, European champion in 2008 and team silver medallist at the 2011 World Championships in Catania. At the 2008 Summer Olympics, he reached the quarter-finals in the individual sabre, losing to Romania's Mihai Covaliu, while the Belarusian sabre team also reached the quarter-finals. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, he competed in the men's sabre, but was defeated in the table of 16 by Romania's Rareș Dumitrescu. The Belarusian team again reached the quarter-finals. Aliaksandr qualified for the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro as the only Belarusian fencer. In men's sabre in the table of 32 he defeated Joseph Polossifakis of Canada. He could not advance to the quarter-finals as in the table of 16 he lost to the eventual winner Áron Szilágyi of Hungary, who claimed his second consecutive gold medal at the Olympics individual men's sabre. Aliaksandr finished 12th in the event.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: Emmanuel \"Emma\" Lucenti (born November 23, 1984) is a judoka from Argentina. He competed at the 2008, 2012 and 2016 Summer Olympics in the men's half-middleweight (-81 kg). At the 2008 Summer Olympics, he lost in second round to Euan Burton. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, he reached the quarter-finals, where he lost to Kim Jae-bum. As Kim continued on to the gold medal match, Lucenti took part in the bronze medal repechage, where he lost in the first round to Antoine Valois-Fortier. At the 2016 Summer Olympics, Lucenti was once again eliminated by Valois-Fortier, this time in the third round.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Winston Hill (born 17 September 1993) is a Fijian boxer. He competed in the men's welterweight event at the 2016 Summer Olympics, where he lost to Vladimir Margaryan in the first round.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Byambyn Tüvshinbat (Mongolian: Бямбын Түвшинбат ; born 27 March 1987 in Ulaanbaatar) is a Mongolian boxer. He competed in the 2007 and 2011 Asian Amateur Boxing Championships (winning silver in 2007 and bronze in 2011), the 2006 and 2010 Asian Games, the 2006 World University Boxing Championship and the Shaheed Benazir Bhutto International Boxing Tournament (where he won the Men's Light Welterweight tournament, defeating Mashhurbek Ruziyev of Uzbekistan). Tüvshinbat represented Mongolia in the Men's welterweight event at the 2012 Summer Olympics and defeated Gabonese Yannick Mitoumba in the first round but lost to Frenchman Alexis Vastine in the second round then in the 2016 Summer Olympics, beating Alberto Palmetta of Argentina in the first round and losing by split decision to Steven Donnelly in his second match.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Walid Sedik Mohamed (born August 22, 1993) is an Egyptian boxer. He competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in the men's welterweight event, in which he was eliminated in the round of 32 by Josh Kelly of Great Britain.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: Dival Forele Malonga Dzalamou (born April 18, 1995) is a boxer from the Republic of the Congo. He competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in the men's light welterweight event, in which he was eliminated in the first round by Fazliddin Gaibnazarov.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Juan Pablo Romero (born January 30, 1990) is a Mexican boxer. He competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in the men's welterweight event, in which he was eliminated in the round of 32 by Vincenzo Mangiacapre.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: Walid Bidani (born 11 June 1994 in Maghnia, Algeria) is an Algerian weightlifter. He competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the -105 kg event. He competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in the Men's +105 kg." ]

[ "Passage 6" ]

[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: Col du Glandon (1924 m ) is a high mountain pass in the Dauphiné Alps in Savoie, France, linking Le Bourg-d'Oisans to La Chambre. It is situated between the Belledonne, Grandes Rousses and Arvan-Villards mountain ranges, west of the Col de la Croix de Fer. The road over the Col du Glandon was opened in 1898, although it was not linked to the Col de la Croix de Fer until 1912.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: The Col de la Croix Fry (1467 m ) is a mountain pass located in the Chaîne des Aravis, between Manigod and La Clusaz in the Haute-Savoie department of France. The road over the col is used occasionally by the Tour de France cycle race with the tour crossing the pass on Stage 19 of the 2013 Tour. At the summit is the village of La Croix Fry.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: Les Sept Paroles du Christ sur la Croix (composed 1859) is a musical setting of The Seven Last Words of Christ by César Franck, though the name in French often refers to an equally well or better known homonymous work by Charles Gounod \"Les sept paroles de N.S. Jesus-Christ sur la croix\".\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Alain Hertoghe (born 1959) is a Belgian journalist, formerly an employee of the French Catholic newspaper \"La Croix\". He was fired in December 2003 after writing a book critical of the coverage of the U.S. invasion of Iraq by French newspapers \"Le Monde\", \"Le Figaro\", \"Libération\", \"Ouest-France\" and \"La Croix\".\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Highland Spring is a Scottish supplier of bottled water. It produces still and sparkling water at its factory in Blackford, Perth and Kinross, although despite the name this area is not actually within the Scottish Highlands. Highland Spring was the highest-selling sparkling water in the UK in 2008 and consolidated its first place position in the UK still water market.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Lac La Croix Water Aerodrome, (TC LID: CJU9) , is located on Lac La Croix, Ontario, Canada.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: La Croix (] ; English: \"The Cross\") is a daily French general-interest Roman Catholic newspaper. It is published in Paris and distributed throughout France, with a circulation of just under 110,000 as of 2009. It is not explicitly left or right on major political issues, rather adopting the Church's position. However, \"La Croix\" ought not be confused with a religious newspaper—its topics are of general interest: world news, the economy, religion and spirituality, parenting, culture and science. It vigorously advocated for traditional Catholicism while at the same time innovating with the most modern technology and distribution systems.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: La Croix Fry is a small village contained within the Domaine de Manigod. With a population of under 600 people La Croix Fry is a popular site for hill walking on the Plateau de Beauregard as well as skiing in the winter." ]

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[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: Grace Barnett Slick (born October 30, 1939) is an American singer-songwriter, musician, artist, and former model, widely known in rock and roll history for her role in San Francisco's burgeoning psychedelic music scene in the mid–1960s. Her music career spanned four decades, and involved the Great Society, Jefferson Airplane, Jefferson Starship, and Starship, as well as a sporadic solo career. Slick provided vocals on a number of iconic songs, including \"Somebody to Love\", \"White Rabbit\", \"We Built This City\" and \"Nothing's Gonna Stop Us Now\".\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Software is Grace Slick's 1984 album released by RCA Records. This album was recorded after she had re-joined Jefferson Starship. After working on this album, Peter Wolf would go on to contribute to Jefferson Starship's 1984 album, \"Nuclear Furniture\". A music video was made for the single \"All the Machines\". \"Software\" is Grace Slick's fourth and final solo album.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: Praises to the War Machine is the debut and only solo release/album by heavy metal vocalist Warrel Dane from Nevermore, released on April 25, 2008. The album was produced by Peter Wichers, who was tapped by Dane to work on the album while Wichers was still a member of Soilwork. After leaving that band in 2007, Wichers co-wrote the album with Dane and played on eight of its tracks. Soilwork drummer Dirk Verbeuren and former Himsa guitarist Matt Wicklund also played on the album. Nevermore guitarist Jeff Loomis and the band's touring guitarist at the time Chris Broderick make guest appearances, along with James Murphy, who had performed on the Nevermore album \"This Godless Endeavor\". \"Praises to the War Machine\" includes two cover songs, The Sisters of Mercy's \"Lucretia My Reflection\" and \"Patterns\" by Paul Simon. Dane had previously covered a Simon song on Nevermore's album \"Dead Heart in a Dead World\".\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: David Miner (Born Ft. Worth, Texas on July 24, 1945), sometimes credited as David Minor, is an American guitarist, singer and songwriter, perhaps best known as a member of Grace Slick's The Great Society in the 1960s. He actually co-founded The Great Society along with Jerry, Darby, and Grace Slick as well as Bard Du Pont, in the sense that he was there from the start. Miner sang most of the lead vocals in the early days of the band and would also write a number of songs including \"That's How It Is,\" \"You Can't Cry,\" and \"Daydream Nightmare love.\"\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: The Best of Grace Slick is a compilation album of Grace Slick's work, focusing mostly on work with Jefferson Airplane, Jefferson Starship and Starship. There are three tracks that are from her solo albums, although no tracks appear from \"Dreams\" (1980).\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Dreaming Neon Black is the third full-length album released by Seattle progressive metal band Nevermore, and was released through Century Media in 1999. Unlike its predecessor, \"The Politics of Ecstasy\", this album is very emotional and contains many slower, ballad-type songs. It is also notable that \"Dreaming Neon Black\" is a concept album of sorts. According to Nevermore's lead singer, Warrel Dane, \"it's a very simple story about a man who slowly goes insane after losing a woman that he was very close to. Progressive levels of insanity are expressed in the songs, he goes through phases of denial and self-blame, blaming God, then denouncing God. The ending is a little...tragic, a little depressing. Shakesperian. Everybody dies, it's all happy.\" , which may be based on an event in the life of Dane. Supposedly, his old girlfriend left him when she joined a religious cult and was never heard from again, and he began having nightmares of her crying out to him as she drowned. This has been confirmed by Warrel himself in an older interview. The spoken word samples from the tracks \"Ophidian\" and \"Forever\" are from the Clive Barker movie, \"Lord of Illusions\".\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: \"Nothing's Gonna Stop Us Now\" is a 1987 song co-written by Albert Hammond and Diane Warren, recorded by the American rock band Starship in 1986. It is a duet featuring Starship vocalists Grace Slick and Mickey Thomas. Featured as the theme to the romantic comedy film \"Mannequin\", it hit No. 1 in the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 on April 4, 1987 and reached No. 1 on the UK Singles Chart for four weeks the following month and became the UK's 2nd biggest selling single of 1987. The song also reached the top 10 in six European countries. The single became the first number one single by songwriter Diane Warren. At the time, it made Grace Slick (aged 47) the oldest woman to have a number one single in the United States though the record was later broken by Cher's \"Believe\" in 1999 (aged 52).\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Modern Times is a 1981 album by Jefferson Starship. Grace Slick appeared on this album after a three-year absence. She returned near the end of the recording sessions, providing background vocals on some tracks as well as lead vocals on the single \"Stranger\" as a duet with lead singer Mickey Thomas. Although not appearing in the band picture on the gatefold cover, she is listed on the back cover of the LP with the credit \"Introducing Grace Slick\" and her picture is on the lyric sleeve with the note \"Grace Slick courtesy of Grace Slick.\" She joined the band officially for the 1981 tour. MTV debuted in 1981 and this was the first Jefferson Starship album to have promotional music videos. It was also the first album to feature a charting single on the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart, which had premiered earlier in the year. The single \"Find Your Way Back\" reached #3 on the Mainstream Rock chart.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: Darby Slick is an American guitarist and songwriter, best known as a former member of The Great Society, and as the writer of the Jefferson Airplane song, \"Somebody to Love\". In 1965, he co-founded The Great Society with his brother Jerry Slick, Jenn Piersol, and his sister-in-law Grace Slick (David Miner and Bard Du Pont would join shortly after). Darby played lead guitar and occasionally performed backup vocals early on and less often towards the disbanding. He wrote some other songs for The Great Society, including \"Free Advice\" and \"Darkly Smiling\"." ]

[ "Passage 1" ]

[ "Title: Passage 1\nPassage: Caylus is a 2005 board game by William Attia.\nTitle: Passage 2\nPassage: Craig \"Cubby\" Lathen is an American basketball player who is most notable for his time spent as point guard for the UIC Flames men's basketball team in the early 1980s. He was the 1983–84 NCAA Division I men's basketball season assists leader and earned The Summit League Men's Basketball Player of the Year back when The Summit League was known as the Association of Mid-Continent Universities (AMCU), which later became known as the Mid-Continent Conference. He holds the Summit League records for career and single-season assists per game. He holds the UIC records for career, single-season and single-game assists as well as single-season steals. During his junior season as a high school basketball player, his East Aurora High School team set the Illinois record for most single-season 100-point performances. In college, he helped his school post its all-time highest score with a 120-point night. Due to academic difficulties he only played nine games as a senior. His Summit League records are also abbreviated by the fact that his freshman season predated the conference.\nTitle: Passage 3\nPassage: Le Havre is a board game about the development of the town of Le Havre. It was inspired by the games \"Caylus\" and \"Agricola\" and was developed in December 2007.\nTitle: Passage 4\nPassage: Caylus is a strategy oriented, German-style board game designed by William Attia and independently published in 2005 by Ystari in France and England, and Rio Grande Games in North America. \"Caylus\" has a mix of building, producing, planning, and bargaining — without direct conflict or dice-rolling mechanics.\nTitle: Passage 5\nPassage: Garrett Madison (born November 3, 1978) is an American mountaineer and is one of the world's top high altitude mountaineering guides, having personally guided 44 clients to the summit of Mt Everest between the years 2006-2016, more than any other American. Garrett began guiding professionally in 1999 on Mount Rainier, and his company, Madison Mountaineering, specializes in leading expedition climbs on Mount Everest and other high altitude peaks, operates on the highest peaks on all seven continents (7 summits), and also provides domestic training programs and summit climbs in Washington State. On May 19–20, 2011, he reached the summit of Mt Everest on his fourth successful attempt as expedition leader and guide for Alpine Ascents International, and reached the summit of Lhotse (4th highest mountain in the world) only 21 hours later as guide to climber Tom Halliday. Also on the expedition was guide Michael Horst who made both summits as well in under a 24-hour period, a few days earlier. This historic achievement marks the first time in history that both peaks Mt Everest and Lhotse were summited together in less than 24 hours, and Madison repeated the \"double header\" feat again in 2013, the only person to do so twice. In 2014, Garrett led the first ever successfully ‘guided’ ascent of K2, arguably the hardest and most dangerous mountain in the world, reaching the summit with 2 climbers and 3 Sherpas on July 27, 2014. Garrett also regularly guides many \"7 Summits\" expeditions such as Aconcagua, Vinson Massif, Kilimanjaro, Elbrus, etc., during the year. In addition, Garrett is regularly involved with film productions on Everest, participating in 4 different features over the last 3 years. Most recently, Garrett Madison's company, Madison Mountaineering, successfully brought a virtual reality camera to the summit of Mt. Everest. This Capturing Everest will be released by Time Inc and Sports Illustrated and is expected to be released early 2017.\nTitle: Passage 6\nPassage: Summit is a Cold War board wargame introduced in 1961 by Milton Bradley as \"The Top Level Game of Global Strategy\", with an updated release in 1971. Each player chooses one of the major powers from the 1950s/1960s era and controlled their economic and military buildup during each turn, much like Risk.\nTitle: Passage 7\nPassage: The 23rd Arab League Summit was the third one held in Baghdad and the first one since 1990, before the start of the Gulf War. The decision to grant the host rights to Iraq was made at the previous summit in Sirte. Among the subjects discussed were the Iraqi debts to its neighbors and the uprising in Syria. The summit marked the first time since the Invasion of Kuwait that an acting Emir (Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah) paid a visit to Iraq. The summit was also notable as being the first held since the beginning of the Arab Spring, during which the governments of several member states were overthrown by popular revolutions.\nTitle: Passage 8\nPassage: Declaration of 18th SAARC Summit was made during SAARC Summit 2014 in Nepal. The 18th SAARC summit was held in Kathmandu, Nepal from 26 to 27 November 2014. The state heads of eight SAARC member countries along with their delegations had meeting during the Summit and discussed the agendas of SAARC. The discussions on previous implementations was made by the delegations before the summit.\nTitle: Passage 9\nPassage: The Montreal International Games Summit (MIGS), also known as le Sommet International du jeu de Montréal (SIJM), is a conference on video games. The first edition was held in 2004 and usually takes place in November at le Palais des Congrès de Montréal. The summit was founded in order to meet the needs of the rough 9000 video game workers in Quebec. The mission of the summit is to expand the exposure of the video game community and industry in Quebec as well as develop the expertise of the Quebec video game industry. MIGS is currently the leading professional gaming summit of the East Coast, and is arguably the largest game development event in Canada. The overall aims of MIGS are to promote, train, network, and hire potential players in the gaming industry. Professionals attending the summit partake in lectures and presentations largely oriented around how to better specific aspects of the industry, such as art and VFX, business, and design. Currently, MIGS has partnered with many of the leading electronic and game development companies in Canada, including Ubisoft and Warner Bros. Games. The Montreal International Gaming Summit is networked similarly to the Electronic Entertainment Expo, using the same application in order to facilitate interaction between industry players and their associates. It was only in 2008, during the fifth summit, did MIGS become an event that was open to the public. 2013 marked the tenth annual Montreal International Gaming Summit.\nTitle: Passage 10\nPassage: Eclipse, subtitled New Dawn for the Galaxy, is a computer game released on iOS in 2013. It is the official iOS version of the board game of the same name. It was developed by the Polish game company Big Daddy's Creations best known for their other boardgame adaptions from popular titles like Caylus and Neuroshima Hex." ]

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