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<s>[INST] Are common NOD2 risk variants in African Americans with Crohn 's disease due exclusively to recent Caucasian admixture? [/INST] yes, The NOD2 gene is a risk for CD in AAs, although the allele frequencies and the attributable risk are much lower compared with Caucasians. The risk alleles are not seen in the West African population, suggesting that the risk for CD contributed by NOD2 among AAs is due exclusively to recent European admixture. The source for this answer is PMID: 22447396. </s>

<s>[INST] Does endovascular stent provide more effective early relief of SVC obstruction compared to balloon angioplasty? [/INST] yes, SVC stent implantation is more effective than angioplasty in relief of SVC obstruction. Weight and age are not risk factors for early re-intervention. The source for this answer is PMID: 22431347. </s>

<s>[INST] Do specific chromosomal IG translocations have different prognoses in chronic lymphocytic leukemia? [/INST] yes, BCL2-CLL.S express CD5 and lack expression of CD38, and have a Matutes score ≥4, frequent trisomy 12, no ATM and 6q deletions, and a mutated IGHV status. Compared to BCL3-CLLs, BCL2-CLLs are much less aggressive; indicating that identifying individual translocations and cytogenetic partners would allow improved patient stratification. The source for this answer is PMID: 22432063. </s>

<s>[INST] Does the adaptor molecule Nck localize the WAVE complex to promote actin polymerization during CEACAM3-mediated phagocytosis of bacteria? [/INST] yes, Our results provide novel mechanistic insight into CEACAM3-initiated phagocytosis. We suggest that the CEACAM3 ITAM-like sequence is optimized to co-ordinate a minimal set of cellular factors needed to efficiently trigger actin-based lamellipodial protrusions and rapid pathogen engulfment. The source for this answer is PMID: 22448228. </s>

<s>[INST] Does ginkgo biloba respond to herbivory by activating early signaling and direct defenses? [/INST] yes, By studying early and late responses of G. biloba to herbivory, we provided the first evidence that this "living fossil" plant responds to herbivory with the same defense mechanisms adopted by the most recent angiosperms. The source for this answer is PMID: 22448229. </s>

<s>[INST] Does gender influence the class III and V β-tubulin ability to predict poor outcome in colorectal cancer? [/INST] yes, The involvement of androgens in the TUBB3 pathway opens the way for clinical trials to assess the efficacy of antiandrogens for increasing the efficacy of chemotherapy in male colorectal cancer patients. The source for this answer is PMID: 22438565. </s>

<s>[INST] Does highly active antiretroviral therapy completely suppress HIV in semen of sexually active HIV-infected men who have sex with men? [/INST] no, STIs and genital inflammation can partially override the suppressive effect of HAART on seminal HIV shedding in sexually active HIV-infected MSM. Low seminal HIV titers could potentially pose a transmission risk in MSM, who are highly susceptible to HIV infection. The source for this answer is PMID: 22441253. </s>

<s>[INST] Do circulating interleukin-6 levels correlate with residual HIV viraemia and markers of immune dysfunction in treatment-controlled HIV-infected patients? [/INST] yes, We report here that low-range IL-6 levels correlated with low-range VL and inversely with sCD14 and IL-8. Our findings suggest that maintaining VL<30 copies/ml in HIV-infected patients might therefore reduce IL-6. The source for this answer is PMID: 22436412. </s>

<s>[INST] Does network motif comparison rationalize Sec1/Munc18-SNARE regulation mechanism in exocytosis? [/INST] yes, Therefore this study provides a new method to solve the discrepancies and to generalize the functional role of SM proteins. The source for this answer is PMID: 22423977. </s>

<s>[INST] Does bilobar spreading of colorectal liver metastases significantly affect survival after R0 resection in the era of interdisciplinary multimodal treatment? [/INST] no, To our single-center experience, there is no significant effect of CRLM spreading (bilobar versus unilobar) on RFS and CSS rates. Bilobar CRLM are more likely to require extended multimodal efforts to achieve R0 resection. The source for this answer is PMID: 22430890. </s>

<s>[INST] Does socioeconomic deprivation predict outcome following radial head and neck fractures? [/INST] yes, We have a shown a clear correlation between functional outcome and socioeconomic status, with the most deprived patients reporting a poorer outcome. Future work should be aimed at determining which aspects of deprivation influence patient outcome, with modifiable factors targeted in future health-care planning. The source for this answer is PMID: 22440531. </s>

<s>[INST] Do gene expression profiles of phaeochromocytomas with ERBB2 overexpression reveal a new molecular mechanism tumourigenicity? [/INST] yes, In summary, ERBB2+ PHEO/PGLs have a distinct expression pattern compared with the ERBB2- group. The focal adhesion signalling pathway may participate in ERBB2-induced tumourigenesis in PHEO/PGLs. The source for this answer is PMID: 22429000. </s>

<s>[INST] Is prospective tracking of pediatric urology consults : knowing half the battle? [/INST] yes, At our academic pediatric hospital we averaged nearly 1 unplanned pediatric urology consult per day. Several service specific factors (unrelated to patient diagnosis or acuity) were associated with whether the consult had the potential to generate revenue. Unplanned clinical activity is an important factor to consider when planning departmental funding, staffing and training. The source for this answer is PMID: 22425051. </s>

<s>[INST] Is depression improvement related to social role functioning after stroke? [/INST] yes, Among stroke survivors with depression, improvement of that depression was independently associated with improved SRF. This is a reminder of the importance for rehabilitation providers to screen for and treat poststroke depression. The source for this answer is PMID: 22440482. </s>

<s>[INST] Does microRNA profiling of hepatocarcinogenesis identify C19MC cluster as a novel prognostic biomarker in hepatocellular carcinoma? [/INST] yes, C19MC cluster is a novel molecular alteration characteristic of liver cancer and predictor of poor prognosis. C19MC is an attractive candidate for novel HCC therapies. The source for this answer is PMID: 22429613. </s>

<s>[INST] Are bodybuilding , energy , and weight-loss supplements associated with deployment and physical activity in U.S. military personnel? [/INST] yes, The high prevalence of supplement use and important characteristics found to be associated with their use, including deployment, physical activity, and suboptimal sleep, suggest focus areas for future research and adverse event monitoring. The source for this answer is PMID: 22445519. </s>

<s>[INST] Is plasma diamine oxidase activity a useful biomarker for evaluating gastrointestinal tract toxicities during chemotherapy with oral fluorouracil anti-cancer drugs in patients with gastric cancer? [/INST] yes, Plasma DAO activities may be useful for monitoring and evaluating gastrointestinal tract toxicities induced by adjuvant chemotherapy with oral fluorouracil in patients with gastric cancer. The source for this answer is PMID: 22433290. </s>

<s>[INST] Are magnetic nanoparticles in primary neural cell cultures mainly taken up by microglia? [/INST] yes, The commercial MNPs used activated microglial phagocytosis in both disperse and organotypic culture systems. It can be assumed that in vivo application would induce immune system reactivity, too. Because of this, their usefulness for in vivo neuroscientific implementations can be questioned. Future studies will need to overcome this issue with the use of cell-specific targeting strategies. Additionally, we found that PC12 cells took up significantly more MNPs than primary neurons. This difference indicates that PC12 cells are not a suitable model for natural neuronal uptake of nanoparticles and qualify previous results in PC12 cells. The source for this answer is PMID: 22439862. </s>

<s>[INST] Are supragastric belches the main determinants of troublesome belching symptoms in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease? [/INST] yes, The type of belch determines the burden of belching complaints in patients with GERD. Supragastric belches, not gastric belches determine the severity of belching complaints. The source for this answer is PMID: 22428801. </s>

<s>[INST] Is activation of PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathway through a PDGFRβ-dependent feedback loop involved in rapamycin resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma? [/INST] yes, Activation of PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathway through a PDGFRβ-dependent feedback loop compromises the anti-tumor activity of rapamycin in HCC, and blockade of this feedback loop by sorafenib is an attractive approach to improve the anti-tumor effect of rapamycin, particularly in preventing or treating HCC recurrence after liver transplantation. The source for this answer is PMID: 22428038. </s>

<s>[INST] 'm `` I afraid of those ones just 'cause they 've been prescribed '' : perceptions of risk among illicit users of pharmaceutical opioids? [/INST] no, This study highlights potential problems with universal approaches to substance use prevention and intervention among young people since such approaches ignore the fact that substance use education messages may be experienced differently depending on an individual's drug use history and his/her perceptions of drug risks. Findings reported here may be useful in the development of prevention and intervention programs aimed at reducing the harm associated with illicit use of pain pills. The source for this answer is PMID: 22417823. </s>

<s>[INST] Do video-based cases disrupt deep critical thinking in problem-based learning? [/INST] yes,   Students and their tutors prefer video-based cases in PBL. However, compared with text-based material, the use of video-based material that refers to cases without dynamic physical signs is associated with a reduction in deep thinking. The source for this answer is PMID: 22429179. </s>

<s>[INST] Does perfluorooctane sulfonate increase β-oxidation of palmitic acid in chicken liver? [/INST] yes, The administered doses in which effects are seen are around and even lower than the levels that can be found in wild populations of birds. General population human levels are a factor of two to three times lower than the LOEL value of this study. The environmental contamination of PFOS therefore presents a possibility of effects in wild populations of birds. The source for this answer is PMID: 22441698. </s>

<s>[INST] Are infection-related hospitalizations associated with increased mortality in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases? [/INST] yes, Infections account for significant morbidity and mortality in patients with IBD and disproportionately impact older IBD patients with greater co-morbidity. Pneumonia, sepsis and C difficile infection are associated with the greatest excess mortality risk. The source for this answer is PMID: 22440891. </s>

<s>[INST] Is the G894T polymorphism on endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene associated with increased coronary heart disease among Asia population : evidence from a Meta analysis? [/INST] yes, This meta-analysis indicated that eNOS 894G/T polymorphism may play an important role in CHD development among Asia population. The source for this answer is PMID: 22417945. </s>

<s>[INST] Do leukotrienes inhibit early stages of HIV-1 infection in monocyte-derived microglia-like cells? [/INST] yes, These data show for the first time that LTs influence microglial cell infection by HIV-1, and may be a factor in the control of viral load in the CNS. The source for this answer is PMID: 22424294. </s>

<s>[INST] Is gCS overexpression associated with multidrug resistance of human HCT-8 colon cancer cells? [/INST] yes, In conclusion, our research indicated that suppression of GCS restores the sensitivity of multidrug resistance colon cancer cells to drug treatment. The source for this answer is PMID: 22424291. </s>

<s>[INST] Do cognitive processes mediate the relation between mindfulness and social anxiety within a clinical sample? [/INST] yes, Further research using a longitudinal design and other measures of mindfulness is needed to replicate these findings and further explicate the mechanism by which mindfulness might be associated with negative cognitive appraisals. The source for this answer is PMID: 22422563. </s>

<s>[INST] Is pDGF-induced migration of vascular smooth muscle cells inhibited by heme oxygenase-1 via VEGFR2 upregulation and subsequent assembly of inactive VEGFR2/PDGFRβ heterodimers? [/INST] yes, These findings identify a potent antimigratory function of HO-1 in VSMCs, a mechanism that involves VEGFA and VEGFR2 upregulation, followed by assembly of inactive VEGFR2/PDGFRβ complexes that attenuates effective PDGFRβ signaling. The source for this answer is PMID: 22426130. </s>

<s>[INST] Does combined medical and surgical therapy improve olfaction in patients with nasal polyposis? [/INST] yes, Combined therapy seems efficient in improving smell identification scores of nasal polyposis patients. The source for this answer is PMID: 22433786. </s>

<s>[INST] Are lipid and cholesterol oxidation in chicken meat inhibited by sage but not by garlic? [/INST] yes, The addition of sage to chicken meat (0.1 g/100 g) is a good alternative to prevent and delay the formation of compounds derived from lipid oxidation that are responsible for off-flavors and loss of nutritional quality during long-term frozen storage. Care must be taken when using garlic to seasoning chicken meat products, such as hamburgers and meatballs, especially cooked or precooked due to its potential to promote lipid oxidation and consequently raising the risk of having the product rejected by the consumer. The source for this answer is PMID: 22417489. </s>

<s>[INST] Does combining xenon and mild therapeutic hypothermia preserve neurological function after prolonged cardiac arrest in pigs? [/INST] yes, These results demonstrate that even a short exposure to xenon during induction of mild therapeutic hypothermia results in significant improvements in functional recovery and ameliorated myocardial dysfunction. The source for this answer is PMID: 22425822. </s>

<s>[INST] Do both high level pressure support ventilation and controlled mechanical ventilation induce diaphragm dysfunction and atrophy? [/INST] yes, High levels of prolonged pressure support ventilation promote diaphragmatic atrophy and contractile dysfunction. Furthermore, similar to controlled mechanical ventilation, pressure support ventilation-induced diaphragmatic atrophy and weakness are associated with both diaphragmatic oxidative stress and protease activation. The source for this answer is PMID: 22425820. </s>

<s>[INST] Is deletion allele of the ACE gene a risk factor for asthma predisposition? [/INST] no, We have concluded that deletion allele of the ACE gene is not a risk factor for asthma predisposition. The source for this answer is PMID: 22420170. </s>

<s>[INST] Does a novel genome-based approach correlate TMPRSS3 overexpression in ovarian cancer with DNA hypomethylation? [/INST] yes, Our data imply that TMPRSS3-A/D overexpression in EOC is probably due to hypomethylation of their control region thus indicating that TMPRSS3-A/D variants could also represent novel molecular targets for epigenetic therapy of late stages of the disease. Our results also suggest that the frequently observed upregulation of different members of the type II serine proteases gene family in advanced cancer could be due to aberrant DNA hypomethylation. Furthermore, our study introduces a promising discovery approach that could be used for the identification of hypomethylated genes in different experimental cell models. The source for this answer is PMID: 22446619. </s>

<s>[INST] Is the G534E-polymorphism of the gene encoding the factor VII-activating protease a risk factor for venous thrombosis and recurrent events? [/INST] yes, We conclude that FSAP Marburg-I genotyping may be used to determine the risk for thromboembolic disorders in patients with suspected thrombophilia and known DVT or PE. The source for this answer is PMID: 22421107. </s>

<s>[INST] Does etoposide modulate the effects of oral morphine analgesia by targeting the intestinal P-glycoprotein? [/INST] yes, It may be important to consider aspects of therapeutic design such as the administration route or scheduling of drugs in patients receiving concurrent chemotherapy and opioid therapy to avoid pharmacokinetic interactions between the two agents. The source for this answer is PMID: 22420656. </s>

<s>[INST] Is serum phosphate measured at 6 and 12 months after successful kidney transplant independently associated with subsequent graft loss? [/INST] yes, Serum phosphate at 6 and 12 months posttransplant is an independent predictor of graft loss. Any future trial designed to investigate the benefits of phosphate lowering should consider recruiting patients as early as 6 months posttransplant. The source for this answer is PMID: 22432754. </s>

<s>[INST] Do dNMT ( DNA methyltransferase ) inhibitors radiosensitize human cancer cells by suppressing DNA repair activity? [/INST] yes, Psammaplin A, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, and zebularine induce radiosensitivity in both A549 and U373MG cell lines, and suggest that this effect might be associated with the inhibition of DNA repair. The source for this answer is PMID: 22429326. </s>

<s>[INST] Do intact fibroblast growth factor 23 levels predict incident cardiovascular event before but not after the start of dialysis? [/INST] yes, Intact FGF23 levels in predialysis CKD predicted incident cardiovascular events requiring hospitalization before starting dialysis, but did not predict events during the entire follow-up period, including post dialysis initiation. The source for this answer is PMID: 22425694. </s>

<s>[INST] Are structural and functional changes of carotid wall properties in patients with acromegaly restored after 1 year of GH/IGF1 normalization? [/INST] no, Both the controlled and active ACM patients showed structural arterial changes. After 1 year of disease control, the patients with controlled ACM showed improvements in the functional, but not the structural, arterial parameters compared with the patients with an active condition. The source for this answer is PMID: 22426806. </s>

<s>[INST] Does [ Slow-release recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 suppress chromium wear particle-induced osteolysis in rats ]? [/INST] yes, Chromium particles can cause osteolysis by increasing the RANKL/OPG ratio in rats, and intervention with slow-release rhBMP-2 can significantly promote bone formation and suppress bone resorption by decreasing RANKL/OPG ratio. The source for this answer is PMID: 22445991. </s>

<s>[INST] Does early adrenaline administration improve circulatory recovery during resuscitation from severe asphyxia in newborn piglets? [/INST] no, The high endogenous catecholamine levels, especially those of noradrenaline, may explain why early administered adrenaline did not significantly improve resuscitation outcome. The source for this answer is PMID: 22445867. </s>

<s>[INST] Is type of hip fracture in patients with Parkinson disease associated with femoral bone mineral density? [/INST] yes, In a sample of PD fallers as in a control group of non-PD fallers, BMD levels assessed at 3 femoral sites were significantly lower in the patients who sustained trochanteric fractures than in those with cervical fractures of the hip. The source for this answer is PMID: 19061742. </s>

<s>[INST] Does leptin play a role in ruptured human brain arteriovenous malformations? [/INST] yes, The transcriptional and translational levels of leptin, leptin receptor, and STAT3 were higher in hemorrhagic BAVM, suggesting that leptin may play an important role in the hemorrhagic mechanism of BAVM. The source for this answer is PMID: 19066113. </s>

<s>[INST] Does a transient outward potassium current activator recapitulate the electrocardiographic manifestations of Brugada syndrome? [/INST] yes, The I(to) activator NS5806 recapitulates the electrographic and arrhythmic manifestation of BrS, providing evidence in support of its pivotal role in the genesis of the disease. Our findings also suggest that a genetic defect leading to a gain of function of I(to) could explain variants of BrS, in which ST-segment elevation or J-waves are evident in both right and left ECG leads. The source for this answer is PMID: 19073629. </s>

<s>[INST] Does novel recombinant fibrinogenase of Agkistrodon acutus venom protect against LPS-induced DIC? [/INST] yes, Our findings suggest that rFII from Agkistrodon acutus venom could have protective effect on DIC via reducing liver and renal damages and direct degradation of microthrombi. The source for this answer is PMID: 19070354. </s>

<s>[INST] Does a note on the use of passive alcohol sensors during routine traffic stop? [/INST] yes, The PAS appears to increase the DUI arrest rate of officers who rarely make DUI arrests, but it does not increase the DUI arrest rate of officers who normally make DUI arrests without passive sensors. It appears that it could be successful in increasing the overall number of DUI arrests for a police department if issued to, and training is provided to, patrol officers who do not normally make DUI arrests. The source for this answer is PMID: 19058099. </s>

<s>[INST] Are autophagy and VMP1 expression early cellular events in experimental diabetes? [/INST] yes, Pancreas beta cells trigger VMP1 expression and autophagy during the early cellular events in response to experimental diabetes. The source for this answer is PMID: 19077458. </s>

<s>[INST] Is managing cancer-related anaemia in congruence with the EORTC guidelines an independent predictor of haemoglobin outcome : initial evidence from the RESPOND study? [/INST] yes, Guideline-adherent EP treatment may improve Hb outcomes but specifically designed outcomes studies are necessary. The source for this answer is PMID: 19058959. </s>

<s>[INST] Does acinetobacter baumannii invade epithelial cells and outer membrane protein A mediates interactions with epithelial cells? [/INST] yes, A. baumannii adheres to and invades epithelial cells. AbOmpA plays a major role in the interactions with epithelial cells. These findings contribute to the understanding of A. baumannii pathogenesis in the early stage of bacterial infection. The source for this answer is PMID: 19068136. </s>

<s>[INST] Is [ Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway critical for survival and proliferation of pancreatic cancer stem-like side population cells ]? [/INST] yes, SP cells are enriched in pancreatic cancer stem-like cells. PI3K/mTOR pathway is critical for pancreatic SP cells maintenance that can be selected as a new target for inhibiting cancer stem-like cells. The source for this answer is PMID: 19080079. </s>

<s>[INST] Do serial lactate measurements using microdialysis of interstitial fluid correlate with plasma lactate in children after cardiac surgery? [/INST] no, Serial lactate measurements in microdialysis fluid of subcutaneous adipose tissue are feasible, but cannot be used as a reliable interchangeable method for plasma lactate analysis in children after CHS at this time. Whether this technique has its own place in the assessment of the overall hemodynamic status and tissue perfusion in children after CHS needs to be addressed in future studies. The source for this answer is PMID: 19057429. </s>

<s>[INST] Does an internal ribosome entry site element direct the synthesis of the 80 kDa isoforms of protein 4.1R? [/INST] yes, Our study is the first demonstration of an internal ribosome entry site as a mechanism ensuring the production of 80 kDa isoforms of protein 4.1R. This mechanism might also account for the generation of 60 kDa isoforms of 4.1R from a downstream AUG3. Our results reveal an additional level of control to 4.1R gene expression pathways and will contribute to the understanding of the biology of proteins 4.1R and their homologues, comprising an ample family of proteins involved in cytoskeletal organization. The source for this answer is PMID: 19055807. </s>

<s>[INST] Is a functional variation in CHI3L1 associated with severity of liver fibrosis and YKL-40 serum levels in chronic hepatitis C infection? [/INST] yes, The CHI3L1 promoter polymorphism -131G-->C determines YKL-40 serum levels and is associated with the severity of HCV-induced liver fibrosis. These results suggest a functional role of YKL-40 in liver fibrogenesis and should be taken into account when using YKL-40 as a non-invasive fibrosis marker. The source for this answer is PMID: 19070929. </s>

<s>[INST] Does maurocalcine as a non toxic drug carrier overcome doxorubicin resistance in the cancer cell line MDA-MB 231? [/INST] yes, We conclude that coupling anti-tumoral drugs to cell penetrating peptides represent a valuable strategy to overcome drug resistance. The source for this answer is PMID: 19083085. </s>

<s>[INST] Does exogenous ghrelin enhance endocrine and exocrine regeneration in pancreatectomized rats? [/INST] yes, Exogenous ghrelin administration decreased blood glucose levels after 90% pancreatectomy by increasing islet cell numbers and enhancing endocrine and exocrine regeneration. The source for this answer is PMID: 19082668. </s>

<s>[INST] Is glutathione-S-transferase pi ( GSTP1 ) codon 105 polymorphism associated with oxaliplatin efficacy or toxicity in advanced colorectal cancer patients? [/INST] no, The results of this study indicate that the GSTP1 genotype is not predictive for progression-free survival or overall survival in ACC patients treated with CAPOX. Moreover, overall neurotoxicity and neurotoxicity in patients receiving 500 mg/m(2) of oxaliplatin was not associated with GSTP1 genotype. The source for this answer is PMID: 19084393. </s>

<s>[INST] Does ginger extract ( Zingiber officinale ) have anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects on ethionine-induced hepatoma rats? [/INST] yes, In conclusion, ginger extract significantly reduced the elevated expression of NFkappaB and TNF-alpha in rats with liver cancer. Ginger may act as an anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory agent by inactivating NFkappaB through the suppression of the pro-inflammatory TNF-alpha. The source for this answer is PMID: 19061005. </s>

<s>[INST] Does early mobilisation in patients with acute deep vein thrombosis increase the risk of a symptomatic pulmonary embolism? [/INST] no, In acute DVT , early walking, thrombus location, and duration of the symptoms did not influence the incidence of symptomatic PE. The source for this answer is PMID: 19078912. </s>

<s>[INST] Do bK channels regulate spontaneous action potential rhythmicity in the suprachiasmatic nucleus? [/INST] yes, These results suggest that BK channels regulate multiple aspects of the circadian patterning of neuronal activity in the SCN. In addition, these data illustrate the characteristics of a disrupted SCN rhythm downstream of clock gene-mediated timekeeping and its relationship to behavioral rhythms. The source for this answer is PMID: 19060951. </s>

<s>[INST] Does lipocalin 2 promote lung metastasis of murine breast cancer cells? [/INST] yes, These results clarified that lipocalin 2 could promote lung metastasis of 4T1 cells through the inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway, suggesting that lipocalin 2 was a potential target for therapy of breast cancer. The source for this answer is PMID: 19077278. </s>

<s>[INST] Does virus-specific IgE enhance airway responsiveness on reinfection with respiratory syncytial virus in newborn mice? [/INST] yes, Respiratory syncytial virus-specific IgE enhances the development of T(H)2-biased airway responsiveness on reinfection of mice initially infected as newborns. The source for this answer is PMID: 19056111. </s>

<s>[INST] Do birefringence characteristics in sperm heads allow for the selection of reacted spermatozoa for intracytoplasmic sperm injection? [/INST] yes, Spermatozoa that have undergone the acrosome reaction seem to be more prone to supporting the development of viable ICSI embryos. The source for this answer is PMID: 19064263. </s>

<s>[INST] Is the severity of retinal degeneration in Rp1h gene-targeted mice dependent on genetic background? [/INST] yes, The severity of the retinal degeneration caused by the Rp1h(tm1Eap) allele is notably dependent on genetic background. The development and characterization of the B6.129S-Rp1h(+/tm1Eap) and A.129S(B6)-Rp1h(+/tm1Eap) congenic mouse lines will facilitate identification of sequence alterations in genes that modify the severity of RP1 disease. The source for this answer is PMID: 19060274. </s>

<s>[INST] Does bovine lactoferrin stimulate human corneal epithelial alkali wound healing in vitro? [/INST] yes, These results suggest that BLF at >or=2.5 mg/mL stimulates HCLE wound healing, and this stimulation is mediated through the upregulation of PDGF or IL-6. The source for this answer is PMID: 19060270. </s>

<s>[INST] Does beta-adrenergic agonism impair the GH response to acylated ghrelin in humans? [/INST] no, The GH-releasing effect of AG is refractory to the inhibitory effect of SLB-induced beta-adrenergic receptor activation. Although further studies are needed to confirm these results during the lifespan and particularly during prolonged exposure to beta agonists, the present data clearly suggest that, among GH stimulatory tests, AG administration might be the most suitable in clinical conditions of chronic treatment with beta-2 agonists, such as in asthmatic disease. The source for this answer is PMID: 19067721. </s>

<s>[INST] Does aortic valvular calcification predict restenosis after implantation of drug-eluting stents in patients on chronic haemodialysis? [/INST] yes, AVC provides predictive information regarding DES implantation in patients on maintenance HD. The source for this answer is PMID: 19075193. </s>

<s>[INST] Is reg IV expression associated with cell growth and prognosis of adenoid cystic carcinoma in the salivary gland? [/INST] yes, These results suggest that Reg IV might accelerate cell growth and disease progression of ACCs. The source for this answer is PMID: 19076683. </s>

<s>[INST] Does association of IS26-composite transposons and complex In4-type integrons generate novel multidrug resistance loci in Salmonella genomic island 1? [/INST] yes, The serovar Haifa represents the 16th S. enterica serovar in which SGI1 has been identified. The genomic island SGI1 appears to be a hotspot of acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes by the transposition of In4-type integrons and large IS26-composite transposons. The source for this answer is PMID: 19074421. </s>

<s>[INST] Is a BRCA1 mutation associated with increased indicators of oxidative stress? [/INST] no, The results of this study suggest that the presence of a heterozygous BRCA1 mutation is not associated with increased levels of indicators of oxidative stress in serum or lymphocytes. Future studies are warranted to evaluate whether strategies aimed at minimizing oxidative stress might aid in the prevention of hereditary breast cancer. The source for this answer is PMID: 19073505. </s>

<s>[INST] Is postoperative pain after hip fracture procedure specific? [/INST] yes, Postoperative pain levels after surgery for hip fracture are dependent on the surgical procedure, which should be taken into account in future studies of analgesia and rehabilitation. The source for this answer is PMID: 19059921. </s>

<s>[INST] Does c-reactive protein estimation improve accuracy in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in pediatric patients? [/INST] no, The sensitivity and PPV of WBC were better than CRP alone, or in combination with WBC. We conclude that CRP does not aid in the diagnosis of appendicitis. Simple appendicitis was seen in spite of normal WBC and CRP. The source for this answer is PMID: 19070557. </s>

<s>[INST] Does [ Epigallocatechin-3-gallate induce apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells ]? [/INST] yes, EGCG induces apoptosis in HCC cells through down-regulation of COX-2 and Bcl-2 and consequently activating caspase-9 and caspase-3. The source for this answer is PMID: 19080641. </s>

<s>[INST] Does [ Testosterone replacement in hypogonadotropic hypogonadal young male improve insulin sensitivity ]? [/INST] yes, Short period of testosterone replacement therapy in young HH male patients significantly improves the insulin sensitivity and decreases the risk of cardiovascular disease. The source for this answer is PMID: 19080648. </s>

<s>[INST] Is tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 gene methylation associated with low expression in carotid atherosclerotic plaques? [/INST] yes, Methylation of the TFPI-2 gene takes place in atherosclerotic plaques and is associated with decreased TFPI-2 expression. The place of this process in atherosclerosis progression remains to be investigated. The source for this answer is PMID: 19081094. </s>

<s>[INST] Are depression and self-rated health proximal predictors of episodes of sustained change in pain in independently living , community dwelling elders? [/INST] yes, With a 1-month time lag between predictor variable assessment and follow-up pain measures, the study supports temporal associations between depressive symptoms and SRH and subsequent pain change. Clinicians providing care to community dwelling elders are advised to evaluate and attend to both the depressive symptoms and SRH of their patients. The source for this answer is PMID: 19067830. </s>

<s>[INST] Are both allergic and nonallergic asthma associated with increased FE ( NO ) levels , but only in never-smokers? [/INST] yes, Both allergic and nonallergic asthma are related to increased FE(NO) levels, but only in never-smoking subjects. The limited value of FE(NO) to detect subjects with asthma among ex- and current smokers suggests the predominance of a noneosinophilic inflammatory phenotype of asthma among ever-smokers. The source for this answer is PMID: 19076545. </s>

<s>[INST] Does aqueous fish extract increase survival in the mouse model of cytostatic toxicity? [/INST] yes, The aqueous LMW cod muscles extract decreases mortality in the mouse model of DOX induced acute CHF. This effect may be mediated by cardioprotection through antioxidative mechanisms. The source for this answer is PMID: 19055794. </s>

<s>[INST] Does exposure to ultrafine carbon particles at levels below detectable pulmonary inflammation affect cardiovascular performance in spontaneously hypertensive rats? [/INST] yes, Our finding shows that UfCPs exposure at levels which does not induce detectable pulmonary neutrophilic inflammation, triggers distinct effects in the lung and also at the systemic level in compromised SHRs. These effects are characterized by increased activity of plasma renin-angiotensin system and circulating white blood cells together with moderate increases in the BP, HR and decreases in heart rate variability. This systemic effect is associated with pulmonary, but not cardiac, mRNA induction of biomarkers reflective of oxidative stress; activation of vasoconstriction, stimulation of blood coagulation factors, and inhibition of fibrinolysis. Thus, UfCPs may cause cardiovascular and pulmonary impairment, in the absence of detectable pulmonary inflammation, in individuals suffering from preexisting cardiovascular diseases. The source for this answer is PMID: 19055790. </s>

<s>[INST] Does rapamycin inhibit in vitro growth and release of angiogenetic factors in human bladder cancer? [/INST] yes, Because proliferation in bladder cancer cells was delayed, but no apoptosis was induced, cell cycle arrest caused by rapamycin was feasible. Rapamycin decreased hypoxia-induced synthesis of vascular endothelial growth factor. These findings should be substantiated in an animal model to verify the antiangiogenetic effects of rapamycin. The source for this answer is PMID: 19081609. </s>

<s>[INST] Does investigation of Crohn 's disease risk loci in ulcerative colitis further define their molecular relationship? [/INST] yes, Collectively, these data help define the genetic relationship between CD and UC and characterize common, as well as disease-specific mechanisms of pathogenesis. The source for this answer is PMID: 19068216. </s>

<s>[INST] Is progressive increase in body mass index associated with a progressive increase in joint space narrowing in obese women with osteoarthritis of the knee? [/INST] no, In obese patients with OA, progressively higher BMI values were not accompanied by a progressively increasing rate of JSN. Joint loading was not evaluated, but it is possible that marked obesity limited the functional capacity of some subjects with OA, protecting their knees from loading. For investigators considering eligibility criteria for a trial of a structure-modifying OA drug, these data suggest that recruitment of patients with a BMI much higher than 30 kg/m(2) will not enrich the sample of subjects who will have more rapid JSN than those with a BMI of only 30 kg/m(2). The source for this answer is PMID: 19060003. </s>

<s>[INST] Is fibrocyte localization to the airway smooth muscle a feature of asthma? [/INST] yes, This study provides the first evidence that fibrocytes are present in the ASM compartment in asthma and that ASM can augment fibrocyte migration. The importance of fibrocytes in the development of ASM hyperplasia and airway dysfunction in asthma remains to be determined. The source for this answer is PMID: 19081612. </s>

<s>[INST] Does restoration of T-box-containing protein expressed in T cells protect against allergen-induced asthma? [/INST] yes, Our results suggest that T-bet expression in T cells can prevent the initiation of airway inflammation and progression of chronic inflammation and might be extrapolated to human asthma. The source for this answer is PMID: 19081613. </s>

<s>[INST] Does a comparative neuropsychological test battery differentiate cognitive signatures of Fragile X and Down syndrome? [/INST] yes, Performance on the modified WGTA tasks differentiated cognitive signatures between two of the most common forms of ID. Results are discussed in the context of the literature on the cognitive and neurobiological features of FXS and DS. The source for this answer is PMID: 19054268. </s>

<s>[INST] Is impact of the tumor microenvironment on prognosis in follicular lymphoma dependent on specific treatment protocols? [/INST] yes, Our results suggest that characteristic properties of the microenvironment in follicular lymphoma determines the responses to essentially different chemotherapeutic approaches. These data may provide an explanation for the highly conflicting results on immunohistochemical markers and the prognostic role of the microenvironment in follicular lymphoma reported thus far and lay the basis for the development of predictive assays to tailor treatment in patients with follicular lymphoma. The source for this answer is PMID: 19059937. </s>

<s>[INST] Are hospitals dangerous places? [/INST] yes, Our results show a frightening pattern of discharge from an ICU ward, most likely caused by a complex web of specialist availability and patient demand. The source for this answer is PMID: 19061471. </s>

<s>[INST] Are rhinoviruses a major cause of wheezing and hospitalization in children less than 2 years of age? [/INST] yes, HRV are important pathogens among children <2 years old and are responsible for a significant proportion of wheezing this age group. The hospitalization rates of HRV-positive children seem to be similar to that of respiratory syncytial virus. The source for this answer is PMID: 19057454. </s>

<s>[INST] Do mouse adenovirus type 1 and human adenovirus type 5 differ in endothelial cell tropism and liver targeting? [/INST] yes, Our data on the tropism of MAV-1 suggest that this virus may find utility in the field of gene therapy. The source for this answer is PMID: 19065608. </s>

<s>[INST] Is the Asp298 allele of endothelial nitric oxide synthase a risk factor for myocardial infarction among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus? [/INST] yes, We show here a strong independent association between eNOS genotype and AMI in patients with T2DM. This suggests a synergistic effect of the eNOS Asp298 allele and diabetes, and confirms the role of eNOS as an important pathological bottleneck for cardiovascular disease in patients with T2DM. The source for this answer is PMID: 19077211. </s>

<s>[INST] Does gln222Arg ( A2317G ) polymorphism in the deoxyribonuclease I gene exhibit ethnic and functional differences? [/INST] yes, This study revealed that the distribution of Gln222Arg in the DNASE1 gene is different among ethnic groups and that the DNASE1 polymorphism appears to affect the specific activity, heat sensitivity, and optimum pH of the DNase I enzyme. The source for this answer is PMID: 19055475. </s>

<s>[INST] Does oncologic trogocytosis of an original stromal cells induce chemoresistance of ovarian tumours? [/INST] yes, This is the first report of trogocytosis occurring between a cancer cell and an original type of stromal cell. This interaction induced autonomous acquisition of chemoresistance. The presence of stromal cells within patient's tumour might be predictive of chemoresistance. The specific interaction between cancer cells and stromal cells might be targeted during chemotherapy. The source for this answer is PMID: 19079610. </s>

<s>[INST] Is dental caries in 3-year-old children associated more with child-rearing behaviors than mother-related health behaviors? [/INST] yes, Dental caries of 3-year-old children was more strongly associated with child-related health behavior than mother-related health behavior. The results of this study suggest that encouraging good child-rearing behavior among mothers could result in better dental health among their children regardless of the mother's dental health status. The source for this answer is PMID: 19054311. </s>

<s>[INST] Is ceramic bone graft substitute with equine bone protein extract comparable to allograft in terms of implant fixation : a study in dogs? [/INST] yes, The Colloss E device improved early osseointegration of implants grafted with beta-TCP granules and increased their mechanical implant fixation to the level of allografted implants. The experiment indicates that ceramic bone substitutes may be a viable alternative to allograft when combined with an osteogenic signal such as Colloss E. The source for this answer is PMID: 19085504. </s>

<s>[INST] Is the polymorphism Arg585Gln in the gene of the sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 ( SREBP-1 ) a determinant of ketosis prone type 2 diabetes ( KPD ) in Africans? [/INST] no, The results of this exploratory study show that the polymorphism Arg585Gln in SREBF-1 is not associated with the KPD phenotype. Further studies in larger populations are needed to confirm our findings. The source for this answer is PMID: 19062325. </s>

<s>[INST] Is age at diagnosis a determinant factor of renal cell carcinoma-specific survival in patients treated with nephrectomy? [/INST] yes, The effect of age shows prognostic significance and indicates that follow-up and possibly secondary treatments might need to be adjusted according to the age of the patient. The source for this answer is PMID: 19066680. </s>

<s>[INST] Does cytokine milieu modulate release of thymic stromal lymphopoietin from human keratinocytes stimulated with double-stranded RNA? [/INST] yes, The effect of the TLR3 ligand on keratinocytes suggests contribution of viral dsRNA to skin inflammations under the influence of a cytokine milieu. The results imply that viral dsRNA and a T(H)2 cytokine milieu might promote T(H)2-type inflammation through an induction of TSLP expression, suggesting that a vicious cycle exists between AD with T(H)2-type inflammation and viral infections and a possible blockade of this cycle by other cytokine milieus provided by cells, such as T(H)1, regulatory T, and T(H)17 cells. The source for this answer is PMID: 19056108. </s>

<s>[INST] Does mTOR regulate vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation from human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal progenitors? [/INST] yes, We describe novel pleiotropic effects of rapamycin at very low concentrations that stabilized differentiated contractile VSMCs from MSCs in addition to exerting antiproliferative and enhanced homing effects. The source for this answer is PMID: 19074484. </s>

<s>[INST] Does ala 586 Asp mutation in androgen receptor disrupt transactivation function without affecting androgen binding? [/INST] yes, The Ala 586 Asp mutation resulted in a complete loss of transactivation function of the androgen-androgen receptor complex but did not affect ligand binding. In vitro assays confirmed the pathogenic nature of this mutation. The source for this answer is PMID: 19062009. </s>