The contents of the 'rebus.csv' file are extracted directly from the open database 'Eureka5', hosted by the Associazione Culturale "Biblioteca Enigmistica Italiana - G. Panini" at the address http://www.eureka5.it. This data is redistributed with the explicit approval of the association for research purposes only.

The rights to each entry in this collection are the property of the respective copyright holders. These copyright holders are identified by the acronym in the 'RIVISTA' field in the 'rebus.csv' file. A comprehensive list of these acronyms and their corresponding publications is available at http://www.eureka5.it/public/Leg_RivisteSearchCrud.

Derivative Works

Other files in this repository contain derivatives of the original data, specifically derivatives of the 'PRIMALET' field from 'rebus.csv' where words have been replaced by crossword definitions. All such derivative works remain under copyright protection. These derivative works, like the original data, are to be used exclusively for non-commercial research purposes in accordance with Article 70 of the Italian Copyright Law. Any further derivative work building upon these resources should remain licensed with a non-commercial license allowing research applications.

a. Non-commercial Use Only: All data and derivative works in this repository may be used solely for non-commercial research purposes.
b. Attribution: Users must provide appropriate attribution to the original copyright holders and the Associazione Culturale "Biblioteca Enigmistica Italiana - G. Panini" when using these data for research purposes.
e. Derivative Works: The creation of derivative works is permitted only for research purposes and such works must be shared under terms no less restrictive than this license.

Disclaimer

This data is provided "as is" without any warranties, express or implied. The licensors make no representations or warranties regarding the accuracy, completeness, or fitness for a particular purpose of the data.

Right of Removal

We reserve the right to remove any part of the data from the repository at any time, particularly in the event that a copyright holder requests its removal.

Termination

This license will terminate automatically if you fail to comply with the terms stated herein. Upon termination, you must destroy all copies of the data in your possession.

Governing Law

This license shall be governed by and interpreted in accordance with the laws of Italy, particularly in relation to copyright law and fair use for research purposes.

By accessing or using the data in this repository, you agree to be bound by the terms of this license. If you do not agree to these terms, you are not permitted to access or use the data.

For any questions regarding this license or requests for additional permissions, please contact gabriele.sarti996@gmail.com.

Last updated: July 30th, 2024

Dataset Card for EurekaRebus

Last data update: September 17th, 2024. Refer to the changelog for a list of revisions that can be loaded with the revision parameter in load_dataset.

Dataset Summary

This dataset contains the original collection of over 200k first passes and solution for Italian rebuses published in various Italian magazines dating back to 1869. The original data are hosted in the Eureka5 platform of the Associazione Culturale "Biblioteca Enigmistica Italiana - G. Panini". This release includes a subset of verbalized rebuses created for the paper Non Verbis, Sed Rebus: Large Language Models are Weak Solvers of Italian Rebuses by combining the original collection with Italian crossword definitions sourced from the ITA_CW dataset.

For further information, see our code and artifacts collection.

Data Splits

Name	Number of Samples	Description
rebus	223,007	Transcribed rebus puzzles downloaded as-is from Eureka5
verbalized_rebus	83,158	Subset of rebus puzzles with verbalized first passes using ItaCW definitions
llm_sft	83,158	Training and test splits of verbalized rebuses converted in chat format for fine-tuning LLMs

Rebus

Fields

FRASE: Rebus solution phrase.
PRIMALET: First pass of the rebus, from which the solution is derived via re-segmentation.
AUTORE: Author of the rebus.
RIVISTA: Magazine where the rebus was published.
MESE: Month or issue number of the magazine.
ANNO: Year of publication.
TIPO: Rebus category (regular if empty). See all available categories.
NOTE: Additional notes on the rebus.

Rebus Data Sample

{
  "FRASE": "Non vi sono difficoltà a l'amore sincero",
  "PRIMALET": "N O N - viso - nodi - F fico - L T A A L - amo RE - S in cero",
  "AUTORE": "-",
  "RIVISTA": "RPC",
  "MESE": "0",
  "ANNO": "1869",
  "TIPO": "",
  "NOTE": ""
}

Verbalized Rebus

Additional Fields

WORDS_PRIMALET: Ordered list of words in the rebus first pass phrase (PRIMALET), whitespace-separated.
LETTERS_PRIMALET: Ordered list of letters in the rebus first pass phrase (PRIMALET), whitespace-separated.
DIAGRAMMA_FRASE: Solution key for the rebus solution (FRASE), derived automatically from word lengths.
FRASE_SEPARATED: Whitespace-tokenized solution phrase (FRASE).
VERBALIZED_PRIMALET: Verbalized first pass phrase (PRIMALET) using Italian crossword definitions.
VERBALIZED_PRIMALET_WITH_LEN: Verbalized first pass phrase (PRIMALET) using Italian crossword definitions, including solution words lengths.

Verbalized Rebus Data Sample

{
  "FRASE": "Non vi sono difficoltà a l'amore sincero",
  "PRIMALET": "N O N - viso - nodi - F fico - L T A A L - amo RE - S in cero",
  "AUTORE": "-",
  "RIVISTA": "RPC",
  "MESE": "0",
  "ANNO": "1869",
  "TIPO": "",
  "NOTE": "",
  "WORDS_PRIMALET": "viso nodi fico amo in cero",
  "LETTERS_PRIMALET": "N O N F L T A A L R E S",
  "DIAGRAMMA_FRASE": "3 2 4 10 1 1 ' 5 7",
  "FRASE_SEPARATED": "Non vi sono difficoltà a l ' amore sincero",
  "VERBALIZED_PRIMALET": "N O N [Volto, faccia] [Possono essere scorsoi] F [C'è anche quello d'India] L T A A L [Un' insidia subacquea] RE S [Alla moda... inglese] [Si accende in chiesa]",
  "VERBALIZED_PRIMALET_WITH_LEN": "N O N [Volto, faccia (4)] [Possono essere scorsoi (4)] F [C'è anche quello d'India (4)] L T A A L [Un' insidia subacquea (3)] RE S [Alla moda... inglese (2)] [Si accende in chiesa (4)]"
}

Licensing and Contact Information

Please refer to our LICENSE file for details on the licensing of the data. For any questions or requests regarding the original data, please contact the Eureka5 maintainers. For questions or requests regarding the verbalized rebuses or this repository, please contact Gabriele Sarti

Citation Information

If you use this dataset in your work, please cite our paper as follows:

@article{sarti-etal-2024-rebus,
    title = "Non Verbis, Sed Rebus: Large Language Models are Weak Solvers of Italian Rebuses",
    author = "Sarti, Gabriele and Caselli, Tommaso and Nissim, Malvina and Bisazza, Arianna",
    journal = "ArXiv",
    month = jul,
    year = "2024",
    volume = {abs/2408.00584},
    url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.00584},
}