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[ "Helmut von Verschuer Baron Helmut von Verschuer (born 6 December 1926), sometimes referred to as \"Helmut van Verschuer\" in Dutch, was a European civil servant who was a high-ranking official of the European Commission from 1958 until 1987. He was born in Tübingen. A member of the noble Dutch Verschuer family, which was closely connected to the Trott zu Solz family, Verschuer attended the Musterschule in Frankfurt. He then studied agriculture at the Technical University of Munich and the University of Giessen, and earned an M.Sc. in agriculture in 1950 and a PhD in agriculture at the University of Göttingen in 1956. He was a civil servant in the Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture in West Germany from 1952 to 1958. He was also a member of the West German permanent delegation to the negotiations on a European agricultural union 1952–1954 and participated in the Val Duchesse negotiations on the Rome Treaties, their compatibility with the GATT, and the free-trade area (1956–1958). From 1958 to 1987 he worked for the European Commission's Directorate-General for Agriculture. He was the executive assistant (i.e. private secretary) for the first director-general for agriculture Louis-Georges Rabot from 1958 to 1967, Director of General Affairs responsible for international negotiations from 1967 to 1972, and Deputy Director-General from 1972 to 1986. He played a key role in the EU's membership negotiations with Spain and Portugal. He was also President of the \"Association œcuménique européenne pour église et société\" in Brussels. He was also the author of several works on the Common Agricultural Policy." ]

[ "12th Cook Islands Parliament The 12th Cook Islands Parliament was a term of the Parliament of the Cook Islands. Its composition was determined by the 2006 elections, held on September 27, 2006. It was dissolved for the 2010 election on 24 September 2010. Due to an electoral petition declaring the election of Robert Wigmore invalid, the 12th Parliament initially consisted of only 23 members. A by-election was held for the vacant Titikaveka seat on 7 February 2007, and Wigmore was re-elected. Due to a large number of electoral petitions and the need for a by-election to resolve the tied seat of Akaoa, the Parliament did not meet for the first time until December 2006. Of the 24 Members of Parliament, three were women. The Speaker of the 12th Parliament was Mapu Taia." ]

[ "Klaha , aka Klaha (born May 3), is a Japanese singer-songwriter. He was the third vocalist for visual kei rock band Malice Mizer. His first band was the new wave group Pride of Mind, active from 1992-1996. He first played with Malice Mizer in 2000, on their single \"Shiroi Hada ni Kuruu Ai to Kanashimi no Rondo\", providing vocals, although he was credited as \"Fourth blood relative\". He then provided vocals on their album \"Bara no Seidou\". A year after Malice Mizer, Klaha started a solo career, but with a drastic change of style he performed pop music. After a live appearance in April 2004, Klaha's releases and performances stopped without explanation. In 2007, he stated that he would be returning that year, but nothing happened and no information has been given since his abrupt leave in 2004." ]

[ "Jean Bonfils Jean Bonfils (21 April 1921 – 26 November 2007) was a 20th-century French organist, music educator, musicologist and composer. Born in Saint-Étienne (Loire department), Bonfils commence ses études musicales au . After the war, he resumed his studies at the conservatoire de Paris where he obtained a First Prize in organ (1949) in the class of Marcel Dupré, a 2nd Prize in composition (1948) in the class of Jean Rivier and a 1st medal in musical analysis (1950) with Olivier Messiaen. In the same year, he became Olivier Messiaen's assistant on the organ of the église de la Trinité à Paris, and this until 1992, then the assistant of Naji Hakim until 1999. Jean Bonfils was also the organist at the Grand Synagogue of Paris from 1953 to 1997. He taught the organ at the Schola Cantorum de Paris from 1961 to 1973. With Gaston Litaize, he directed the important series \"L’Organiste liturgique\" (1953-1967) at Éditions musicales of the Schola Cantorum and la Procure générale de Musique. Jean Bonfils died in Rennes (Ille-et-Vilaine department) on 26 November 2007. In collaboration with Noëlie Pierront, Jean Bonfils published:" ]

[ "Rollin (Calvin Harris song) \"Rollin\" is a song by Scottish DJ and record producer Calvin Harris. It features vocals from American rapper Future and American singer Khalid. It is the third single from Harris' fifth studio album, \"Funk Wav Bounces Vol. 1\" (2017), following \"Slide\" and \"Heatstroke\". It was released on 12 May 2017 through Sony Music. Musically, \"Rollin\" is a funk and synth-funk song. \"Pitchfork\" praised the track, saying Harris is \"producing full-on swing jams like its second nature. Harris has proven to be a more than capable manager,\" further stating that \"not only is Calvin Harris making pop funky again; he’s surpassing DJ Khaled as a pop-rap maestro.\"" ]

[ "Prunus yunnanensis Prunus yunnanensis, the Yunnan cherry () is a species of \"Prunus\" native to Yunnan, Guangxi, Sichuan and adjacent provinces of southeast China, preferring to grow at 1900–2600m. The white flowers open at the same time as the leaves bud out, or very slightly before. It flowers from March to May, and fruits two months after. It is an often many-stemmed tree, usually 4 to 8m tall, but ranging from 3 to 9m. Its bark is gray, with brownishgray branchlets and green young twigs. The leaves have a 6 to 12mm petiole, and are elliptic, oblong, obovateoblong or ovateoblong, from 3.5 to 6cm long and 2 to 3.5cm wide. The leaves are a darker green on the top surface. Typically the inflorescences have 3 to 9 flowers borne on subcorymbose racemes or long racemes. Each flower has 33–45 stamens. The fruit, a drupe, is purplish red, 7 to 10mm by 5 to 8mm. It is planted as an ornamental street tree in Kunming, the capital of Yunnan." ]

[ "Seven Days Live Seven Days Live is the fourth video/DVD album from the rock band Poison, featuring a live concert at the Hammersmith Odeon, in London England, from the Native Tongue world tour in 1993, in support of the fourth Poison studio album Native Tongue, which was certified Gold by the RIAA on April 21, 1993. It was originally released on VHS in 1993 and then on DVD in 2006. It was also released as Poison Live In Concert with a different cover in 2003. In 2008, an audio CD of \"Poison Seven Days Live\" was released (August 26, 2008) from the same 1993 concert. The track listing is the same as the DVD with the exception of an additional track, \"Your Mama Don't Dance\". Additional musician" ]

[ "Gaia III: Atlantia Gaia III: Atlantia is the tenth album by the folk metal band Mägo de Oz. It was the third installment of the trilogy \"Gaia\" which began in 2003 with \"Gaia\" and continued in 2005 with \"\". It was released worldwide on 6 April 2010. On Saturday, 27 February 2010, there was a showcase exclusively for Mägo's latest album, \"Gaia III: Atlantia\", and the accompanying video, \"Que el Viento Sople a Tu Favor\". The release of \"Que el Viento Sople a Tu Favor\" was planned for March 30. According to an interview given by bandleader Txus to Mariskal Rock on the web, the entire trilogy will be sold in a deluxe package titled simply \"Gaia\" which will contain the three albums (\"Gaia\", \"Gaia II: La Voz Dormida\" and \"Gaia III: Atlantia\"), plus 8 bonus tracks that could not be included in the 3 discs (2 left off \"Gaia\" to avoid a double disc set, 3 from \"Gaia II: La Voz Dormida\" because BigSimon said it was too much, and 3 for \"Gaia III: Atlantia\" due to lack of time). The name of the tour will be \"Agaiate Que Vienen Curvas Tour 2010\" and will focus only on \"Gaia III: Atlantia\". For next year, he foresees a new tour focused on the entire trilogy. Furthermore, according to Txus statement, after \"Gaia III: Atlantia\", the band will take a break from work. Which, he noted the same Txus, does not mean that the group will break up or anything like that. Only \"Gaia III: Atlantia\" is the closure of a long period of the band, so a break will be given indefinitely. Maybe they will return with an album much easier and simpler than the Gaia trilogy. In addition, you may not follow the line of a concept album or novel. The band will try some rawer songs, without following the pattern of a story. CD 1: CD 2:" ]

[ "SRH Presents: Supporting Radical Habits Vol. II SRH Presents: Supporting Radical Habits Vol. II is the seventh official compilation album by Suburban Noize Records released on April 3, 2007. SRH Clothing and Suburban Noize Records teamed up again to release the second SRH “Supporting Radical Habits” CD/DVD compilation. This CD/DVD features music from Kottonmouth Kings, NOFX, Tech N9ne, Slightly Stoopid, and Sen Dog of Cypress Hill among many others. The DVD features over an hour of SRH riders which include; Mike Metzger, Vince Alessi, Josh Lewan, Jeremy Sommerville, Greg Domingo, Zach Peakock, Scottie Stephens, Grant Teel, Scummy, Manley, Thomas Hancock, Sean Doucett, James Lovette, Jim McNeil, Joe Crimo, Wes Agee, Jeremy Fulmer and more of the Subnoize and SRH members." ]

[ "Ünal Erkan Ünal Erkan (born 1942 in Erzurum) is a Nationalist Movement Party politician. He was at one time a member of the party's Central Executive Board, resigning in 2007. He was governor of the OHAL state-of-emergency region from 1992 to 1995, and had previously been head of police in Ankara and Istanbul and Chief of the General Directorate of Security (July 1991 to February 1992). He was briefly a cabinet minister in 1996 under Mesut Yılmaz for the True Path Party (DYP). Erkan featured in Mehmet Eymür's controversial \"1987 MIT Report\" that wrote about high-ranking civil servants and politicians such as Nevzat Ayaz, Erkan and Mehmet Ağar, alleging connections with the Turkish mafia." ]

[ "Beinhausen Beinhausen is an \"Ortsgemeinde\" – a municipality belonging to a \"Verbandsgemeinde\", a kind of collective municipality – in the Vulkaneifel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the \"Verbandsgemeinde\" of Kelberg, whose seat is in the like-named municipality. The municipality lies in the Eifel between Kelberg and Daun on the river Lieser, and more specifically in the Vulkaneifel, a part of the Eifel known for its volcanic history, geographical and geological features, and even ongoing activity today, including gases that sometimes well up from the earth. In the Middle Ages, Beinhausen belonged to the \"Amt\" of Daun in the Electorate of Trier. On 10 August 1290, Beinhausen had its first documentary mention as \"Beinchenhusen\". A later source speaks of \"Beyirhusen\", and later still, a 1504 purchase agreement names a one “Clais van Beyhusen” as well as the “\"Kirchenmeister\" (a title now no longer used, but akin to “sexton”) from Hilgenrait”. Under Prussian administration, the municipality was in the \"Bürgermeisterei\" (“Mayoralty”) of Sarmersbach. Beinhausen is overwhelmingly Catholic and is the parochial seat of the Parish of St. Hubertus Beinhausen, to which, besides Beinhausen itself, belong the villages of Boxberg, Neichen, Kradenbach, Nerdlen, Sarmersbach and Gefell. Until the early 20th century, Katzwinkel also belonged to the Hilgerath parish (as it was once known). The Beinhausen parish area is also commonly called Struth. The Hilgerath parish church, standing alone on the mountain within Neichen’s municipal limits, has been parish church since days of yore. The tower is known from its design to be from the mid 15th century; the main nave has existed in its current form since 1804. In 1950, the church was widened with two side naves. In more recent times, the return of the Hilgerath \"Gnadenbild\" (variously translated “holy picture” or “image of grace”, among others), \"Beweinung Christi\" (“Lamentation of Christ”) from the mid 15th century might be noted in the history books. This had been stolen from the parish church in a burglary in 1975 and thereafter its whereabouts were unknown. In 1994, Bernhard Euteneuer, who from 1992 to 2000 was the Beinhausen parish priest, managed to fetch the valuable \"Gnadenbild\" back to Hilgerath from Biberach an der Riß, where it had resurfaced. To show their thankfulness, the Struth Catholics have ever since undertaken a yearly pilgrimage in which they converge on Hilgerath, always on the Sunday after the Feast of the Cross (14 September). In the course of municipal restructuring in Rhineland-Palatinate, the municipality was assigned in 1970 to the \"Verbandsgemeinde\" of Kelberg. More than 90% of the inhabitants belong to the Roman Catholic Church. The council is made up of 6 council members, who were elected by majority vote at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman. The German blazon reads: \"In Silber ein grüner Berg, darin ein silberenes Haus, darüber ein schwarzer, hersehender Hirschkopf mit rotem Kreuz.\" The municipality’s arms might in English heraldic language be described thus: Argent in base a mount vert surmounted by a house of the field, above the mount a stag’s head caboshed sable, between his attires a Latin cross gules. The stag’s head and the cross are references to Saint Hubert, the parish’s patron saint. The green mount in base is meant to represent the hill of Hilgerath, upon which the parish church stands. The house surmounting the mount is meant to represent the village of Beinhausen, which lies at the foot of the hill. It also symbolizes the placename element \"—hausen\". The municipality’s name is reckoned to be a form of \"bei den Häusern\" – “at the houses”." ]

[ "Cockermouth railway station (Cockermouth and Workington Railway) The original Cockermouth railway station was the eastern terminus of the Cockermouth & Workington Railway. It served the town of Cockermouth, Cumbria, England. The station opened on 28 April 1847. It closed on 2 January 1865, being replaced by the Cockermouth, Keswick and Penrith Railway station when the line was extended eastwards to Penrith using a different alignment. After closure to passengers the station remained in use as a goods station until 1964. The station area included an engine shed which was opened on 28 April 1847, extended in 1858 and closed in 1876, after which it was converted for use as a goods shed. The shed was demolished in the mid-1990s." ]

[ "Kekūanāoʻa Mataio Kekūanaōʻa (1791–1868) was descended from the high chiefs of the island of Oahu. His first name is the Hawaiian form of Matthew. Kekūanaōʻa translates as \"the standing projection\" in the Hawaiian language. Kekūanaōʻa was born sometime around the year 1791. According to Abraham Fornander, \"Pupuka, an Oahu chief of considerable importance, was father of Inaina, the wife of Nahiolea, and mother of Kekuanaoa, late governor of Oahu.\" John Papa ʻĪʻī's uncle Nāhiʻōleʻa, the aliʻi that took Kalanikapule's side against Kamehameha I and was killed by his cousins, was listed in the newspaper \"Ke Au Okoa\" as Kekūanaōʻa's father; however, in the chant for Nakanealoha, the name of Kiʻilaweau is mentioned as a \"makua\". This makes some believe he had two fathers, a tradition called \"poolua\". At his death, his parents were identified as Nāhiʻōleʻa and Inaina, but on March 14, 1879, in an opinion for the Hawaiian Supreme Court over a probate matter, Justice C.J. Harris wrote: \"With regard to Ruth Keelikolani, it appears to me pretty clear that Keawe, No. 3 of Moana’s husbands, was the father of Kanaina the first by Moana; that this Kanaina had a son, Kiilaweau, who was the father of Kekuanaoa, and Kekuanaoa was the father of Keelikolani.\" Genealogist differ on the correct line with some believing that Nāhiʻōleʻa and Inaina were his parents and others believing it to be Kiʻilaweau and Kahoowaha, daughter of Moana Wahine. Kiʻilaweau was an aliʻi of the highest rank. While Kekūanaōʻa's children were not as high ranking as Kamehameha II or Kamehameha III, Kekūanaōʻa descends from Keawehanauikawalu, the son of Lonoikamakahiki, and his line was considered high-ranking. He was the Royal Governor of Oahu 1839–1864. On December 21, 1863 he was made the sixth Kuhina Nui, replacing his daughter who became Crown Princess and heir apparent to the throne. For most of his reign as Kuhina Nui he supported his son Kamehameha V's view of abolishing the position. He held the position until 1864 when the Constitution of 1864 abolished it. He also served as a member of the House of Nobles from 1841–1868, Privy Council 1845–1869, and as President of the Board of Education from 1860. In 1866, Mark Twain wrote of Mataio Kekūanaōa: \"[A] man of noble presence..\" and \"[S]eemingly natural and fitted to the place as if he had been born to it...\" The Territorial Building in the Hawaii Capital Historic District was named for him. He was the \"punahele\", or intimate companion of King Kamehameha II in his youth, and followed him to England where the King and Queen Kamāmalu died of measles in 1824. He was able to escape the sickness and return to Hawaii, stabilizing himself in the court by marrying two wives of his late sovereign. His first marriage to Kalehua was from 1822 to 1825, and the product of this marriage was a son named Paaula. He married again to Pauahi, the widow of Kamehameha II. Their marriage lasted only months, from November 1825 to her death in February 1826. He is considered the father of her daughter Princess Ruth Keʻelikōlani. He remarried Elizabeth Kīnau, another Kamehameha II widow, who ruled as the Kuhina Nui at the time under the name Kaahumanu II. From her he fathered David Kamehameha, Moses Kekūāiwa, Lot Kapuāiwa, Alexander Liholiho, and Victoria Kamāmalu. His sons Alexander and Lot would become King Kamehameha IV and King Kamehameha V. His daughter would become the fifth Kuhina Nui as Kaahumanu IV. The third marriage lasted from 1827 until Kīnau's death in 1839. After 6 years as a widower he remarried again in 1845, to the High Chiefess Kaloloahilani. The marriage resulted in the birth of a son on November 28, 1846." ]

[ "Yehonatan Yifrah Yehonatan Yifrah (, 24 October 1929 – 19 April 2008) was an Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset for the Alignment between 1969 and 1974. Born in Casablanca in Morocco, Yifrah was a member of the Habonim youth movement, and became an instructor for the movement in Algeria. He made aliyah to Israel in 1951 and joined kibbutz Bror Hayil, before settling in Sderot in 1957. Between 1957 and 1959 he was secretary of Sderot Workers Council, before serving as head of the town's local council between 1962 and 1971. In 1969 he was elected to the Knesset on the Alignment list, but lost his seat in the 1973 elections. He died in 2008 at the age of 78." ]

[ "W. H. McLeod William Hewat \"Hew\" McLeod (2 August 1932 – 20 July 2009) was a New Zealand scholar who wrote about Sikh history and culture. He produced many books and essays on Sikh identity, Sikh history and Sikh theology. His work frequently was a source of controversy. McLeod was born and raised in a farming family near Feilding, in New Zealand's North Island. He met Margaret Wylie in Dunedin during his university studies, and they were married in May 1955. They had four children. McLeod was educated at Nelson College from 1946 to 1950, and then at the University of Otago, Dunedin, where he earned a BA and then an MA in history, graduating in 1954. He then began theological studies and in 1958 joined the New Zealand Presbyterian church's mission to Punjab, India. At Kharar, in Punjab, he learned the local languages (Hindi and Punjabi) and taught English at the Christian Boys secondary school. Later, he completed a PhD at the School of Oriental and African Studies in London in 1965. In 1990 he was awarded a DLit by the University of London, and he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of New Zealand in 1999." ]

[ "Redhead murders The \"Redhead murders\", are a series of unsolved homicides believed to have been committed by an unidentified serial killer, also known as the Bible Belt Strangler, in various parts of the United States, including Tennessee, Arkansas, Kentucky, Mississippi, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia. It is presumed that the killings occurred between October 1978 and the 1980s, but they may have continued until 1992. The victims, many of whom have never been identified, usually had reddish hair and their bodies were abandoned along major highways in the United States; presumably, they were hitchhiking or engaged in prostitution. Authorities are unsure of how many people were responsible for these murders, if they were all performed by the same perpetrator(s), or how many victims there were. It is believed that a total of six to eleven victims were involved. Of the presumed victims, four have been identified. The body of a white female was found naked alongside Route 250 near Littleton, Wetzel County, West Virginia on February 13, 1983. A pair of senior citizens reported that they thought the remains were a mannequin before discovering it was a human corpse. The body had been placed at the area recently, as the snow was on the ground and absent on the body. Tire tracks and footprints indicate she died at a different area and was transported to the location where she was found. It is presumed that she had died two days before. She had not been an apparent victim of sexual assault, although foul play may have been involved in her death. This woman's cause of death was not officially determined, but she is a possible victim, as she may have been suffocated or strangled. This woman was one of the older victims, as her age range was between 35 and 45. The woman's hair was auburn, which matched the criteria for the killer. Her height was estimated to be approximately and weight as . Her eyes were presumed to be brown, although decomposition made it difficult to accurately determine eye color. She had two distinct scars, including one found on her abdomen from a Caesarean section, indicating she had at least one child and another found on one of the index fingers. The woman's legs and underarms were shaven, indicating an attention to grooming not characteristic of a transient or hitchhiker. A person of interest has emerged in this case, believed to be a middle-aged white male at the height of approximately and weighing . The man was seen near the area where the body was found and could have been involved with disposing of her body. The victim herself may have been seen alive in Wheeling, West Virginia as an employee or customer at a bar. She was subsequently buried after a funeral took place. West Virginia authorities are skeptical if this woman was a victim of this span of killings. The body of 28-year-old Lisa Nichols, who also used the last name of Jarvis, was found on September 16, 1984 along Interstate 40 near West Memphis, Arkansas. She was a resident of West Virginia and authorities were not able to come into contact with family members for some time, indicating she was estranged from them, resulting in her remaining unidentified for nearly a year. Her body was not identified until June 1985, nine months after she was strangled and left wearing only a sweater. She was identified through fingerprints. Nichols is believed to be a part of the Redhead Murders, as she was found along a highway and had strawberry-blond hair at the time of her demise. Her remains were identified by a couple from Florida, who had allowed her to stay with them for a period of time. Nichols may have been murdered after leaving a truck stop along the highway and may have attempted to hitchhike. On January 1, 1985, a bound body was found at the roadside near Jellico, Tennessee, in Campbell County on Interstate 75. Although her murder occurred about three days before, presumably on December 30, 1984, she was already in an advanced state of decomposition. Like the others, she was white and had short red hair, which was somewhat curly. She was likely between the ages of 17 and 25, although she may have been as old as 30 at the time she was murdered. The victim was found clothed, with a tan pullover, a shirt and jeans. The Jane Doe had green or hazel eyes, which could not be positively confirmed as a certain color because of the state of her body. The young woman also had freckles, various scars and burn marks on her body and was two and a half to five months pregnant when she was strangled. She had no evidence of dental work, except for a partial denture holding two false teeth on her upper jaw. It is believed that she was between five feet one and when she died and was approximately . It was announced on September 6, 2018, the victim had been identified as Tina Marie McKenney Farmer of Indiana. Fingerprinting was the method of identification. She was 21 at the time of her death and was last seen in Indianapolis accompanied by a trucker headed to Kentucky. Farmer had one daughter prior to disappearing in 1984.", "Farmer had one daughter prior to disappearing in 1984. She was reported missing by her family, yet authorities in Indiana did not enter her into national databases, as there was no law in the state, like others, which required them to do so. The second victim in Campbell County was found on April 3, 1985, but her hair color is unknown, which does not immediately indicate she was a victim of the Redhead Murderer. She was believed to have died between 1981 and 1984, one to four years before. Unlike the other victims, she was younger, between 9 and 15, when the others were estimated to be over 16. She was located by a passerby about 200 yards off Big Wheel Gap Road, four miles southwest of Jellico in Campbell County, some distance from Interstate 75, near a strip mine. The cause of this girl's death is unknown, as her remains were partial, but still may be homicide. Thirty-two bones, including her skull, were all that were recovered from the scene. Her skull allowed facial reconstruction. She wore a necklace and bracelet made of plastic buttons from clothing. There were a pair of boots recovered that were size 5, which may not belong to the victim, and a few scraps of clothing. Due to the condition of her body, her height, weight, eye color and hair color were not possible to estimate. Recent analysis of the victim's remains indicated she was not native to the area she was discovered. The tests showed she was likely born in Florida or central Texas, later relocating to the Midwest, Rocky Mountain states, the Southwest or the Pacific Coast. The skeletonized body of a red-haired female was located on March 31, 1985 in Pleasant View, Cheatham County, Tennessee. She was believed to have died three to five months before, due to an unknown cause. However, her case is possibly linked to the redhead murders because her remains were found at the side of Interstate 24 between mile markers 29 and 30. Unlike some of the other victims, she wore clothing: a shirt, sweater, pants and underwear. She was white, between five feet and tall with an inestimable weight. By examining her teeth, the victim had some evidence of crowding and overlapping of her teeth. This woman was believed to be between the ages of thirty-one and forty at the time of her death. The body of a woman who had died by suffocation was found in a white Admiral refrigerator in Gray, Knox County, Kentucky on April 1, 1985, alongside Route 25. The refrigerator had a decal of the words \"Super Woman\" on the front. The victim had been dead for a few days, and was nude except for two distinctive necklace pendants, one of a heart and the other of a gold-colored eagle, and two pairs of socks; one white, and the other white with green and yellow stripes. There were reports that the victim may have been soliciting a ride to North Carolina over CB radio. Five hundred people attended her funeral, which was also televised. The case was a local sensation in Gray, as the town was a \"quiet\" and \"sleepy\" place where little out of the ordinary usually happened. Distinguishing features of the body included a number of moles (on the right side of her neck, near one ankle, and below each breast), a yellow-stained upper incisor, and a scar and other marks on her abdomen, indicating that she had borne a child. Her eyes were light brown and her hair was red and nearly a foot long, which fit the pattern of the redhead killer. After her autopsy, she was determined to be between 24 and 35 years old and approximately 4 feet 9 to 4 feet 11 inches tall. It is also possible that she owned a pair of boots found near the refrigerator. Several missing persons have been eliminated as possible matches for the victim. After the case was publicized in January 2013, the police received some tips, but it is unknown if they became solid leads. On October 1, 2018, it was announced she had been positively identified as Espy Regina Black Pilgrim of North Carolina. On April 14, 1985, a young white female's body was located in Greeneville, Greene County, Tennessee. She had died by severe blunt-force trauma and possibly a stab wound three to six weeks before and was an advanced state of decomposition. However, her fingerprints were possible to obtain, as well as her DNA and dental information. She had been approximately six to eight weeks pregnant shortly before she died, but had miscarried recently. She was estimated to be 14 to 20 years old (possibly as old as 25) and was five feet four inches to tall at a weight of . She had a slight overbite and had some fillings in her teeth, showing that she had dental care in life. She had also painted her fingernails pink. Because she had light brown to blond hair with red highlights, it is possible that her case could be related to the Redhead murders. Authorities hoped in late April 1985 that they would identify her body through fingerprints but were unsuccessful. Six missing women were ruled out as possible identities of the victim.", "Six missing women were ruled out as possible identities of the victim. In November 2018, the victim was identified as New Hampshire native Elizabeth Lamotte, who was 17 at the time of her death. Lamotte had disappeared on April 6, 1984. She was identified through a DNA match after a DNA profile was obtained from Lamotte's family by New Hampshire police in 2017. She had been staying at a group home in Manchester and never returned after gaining furlough. Lamotte's DNA was initially taken to compare against the adult victim of the Bear Brook murders, as an unidentified girlfriend of the suspect was known by the same first name. It is believed that most of the victims remain unidentified due to being estranged or not close with existing family members or may not have been native to the states in which that they were found. In 1985, not long after the Greene County victim was found, the states of Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Arkansas and Mississippi requested the Federal Bureau of Investigation for assistance with the cases. There were inconsistencies with some of the victims, as some were found with or without clothing and some had a sexual encounter before their murders. During the conference, it was stated that four victims found in Texas and a victim found in 1981 in Ohio, nicknamed \"Buckskin Girl” (later identified as Marcia King), were ruled out as possible victims in 1985. A possible suspect emerged in the mid-1980s when a 37-year-old trucker attacked and attempted to strangle a woman with reddish hair, but was later dismissed, although he had left her lying near a highway, presuming she was dead. Another suspect was a 32-year-old trucker in Pennsylvania who was questioned after kidnapping and raping a young woman in the state of Indiana before she managed to escape. This suspect was also dismissed, after being questioned by Tennessee police. In 2018, students enrolled in a sociology class at Elizabethton High School studied the case with the aid of their instructor. The class coined the name \"Bible Belt Strangler.\" Furthermore, the information developed by the class was submitted to an FBI profiler. They described the subject as a white male born between 1936 and 1962 (aged between 23 and 49 in 1985) who was likely a commercial trucker frequenting Interstate 40. They estimated his height and weight to be 5'9\"-6'2\" and 180-270 pounds, respectively. His work was likely based in or near the city of Knoxville, Tennessee." ]

[ "Thanh Hóa Bridge The Thanh Hóa Bridge (Vietnamese: Cầu Hàm Rồng, Hàm Rồng Bridge), spanning the Song Ma river, is situated northeast of Thanh Hóa (), the capital of Thanh Hóa Province in Vietnam. The Vietnamese gave it the nickname Hàm Rồng (\"Dragon's Jaw\"). In 1965 during the Vietnam War, it was the objective of many attacks by US Air Force and US Navy aircraft which would fail to destroy the bridge until 1972, even after hundreds of attacks. In their first air combat, a small force of seemingly mismatched MiG-17s inflicted significant losses on much larger and more advanced American F-105 Thunderchief at a cost of 3 of their own, with an F-100 Super Sabre claiming the first probable American kill of the conflict. The encounter led to significant changes in American tactics and training, and a return to dog-fighting in air combat doctrine. Eventually, in 1972, the bridge was destroyed by USAF F-4 Phantoms using laser-guided bombs and US Navy Vought A-7s with advanced and conventional bombs. Originally built by the French during the colonial era in Vietnam, the Thanh Hóa bridge was sabotaged by the Viet Minh in 1945. From 1957, the Vietnamese started rebuilding it. It was a grey metallic construction, resting on a central concrete pier, and on concrete abutments at each extremity. Completed in 1964, and inaugurated by Ho Chi Minh himself, the final bridge was long, wide, and about above the river. Allowing the passage of both road and rail traffic, it was a vital link between different regions of North Vietnam, and when the war started, became a strategic passage for supplies and reinforcements sent to the Viet Cong fighting in South Vietnam. With the beginning of Operation Rolling Thunder (the bombing campaign against random targets in North Vietnam chosen by Lyndon B. Johnson. ), The decision was made in March 1965 to interdict the North Vietnamese rail system, including the Thanh Hóa bridge. The Vietnamese, realizing the importance of the bridge, had set up an impressive air defense network, stationing five air defense regiments in the area. The first — and largest — strike package to be sent against the bridge was codenamed 9-Alpha. Led by Korean War ace Colonel Robinson Risner, it comprised 79 aircraft, including 46 F-105 Thunderchiefs as the main strike force. Other types were 21 F-100 Super Sabres as AAA suppressors to attack ground-based guns, fourteen F-100s acting as MiG CAP (combat air patrol) and two RF-101C Voodoos to do damage assessment, plus ten KC-135 tanker aircraft. The F-100s were based in South Vietnam, while the others were based across Thailand. Flights of four F-105s from Royal Thai Air Force Base (RTAFB) Korat and RTAFB Takhli would be air refueled over the Mekong River, then cross Laos to just south of the bridge. The bombers would continue east until over the Gulf of Tonkin. Launched on April 3, 1965, the attack saw all strike aircraft deliver their payload. Sixteen of the F-105s carried a pair of Bullpup missiles, one under each outer wing pylon. This was an early combat use of early \"smart\" precision guided missiles that were guided by radio and joystick, requiring two passes to launch each of two missiles per plane. Capt. Bill Meyerholt observed as the missile streaked toward the bridge and made a good hit; when smoke cleared,there was no visible damage to the bridge. The warheads merely charred the massive structure. The other F-105s each carried three tons of explosives in the form of eight bombs, more than B-17s had delivered over targets like Berlin. The first wave of bombs drifted due to a strong southwest wind. The last flight, led by Cpt. Carlyle S. \"Smitty\" Harris, scored hits on the roadway and superstructure. After 32 Bullpups and 1200 bombs had decorated the bridge with numerous hits, charring every part, the bridge did not fall, though traffic was stopped for a few hours. This was the only result of the raid, which had cost two aircraft — one F-100 (Lt. George C. Smith flying flak suppression) and one RF-101 — shot down. Risner's Thunderchief was crippled by ground fire but, despite smoke in the cockpit, Risner continued to direct the strike before flying safely back to Da Nang. To meet the raid, the VPAF had sent out two flights of four MiG-17PFs from Noi Bai airbase at 09:47. The original plan was for the first flight to act as a decoy. The second flight never reached the strike force, as flight leader Pham Ngoc Lan spotted F-8E Crusaders from the covering the operation. The metal-finished MiG-17PF, was an all-weather interceptor version of the MiG-17 first flown in 1951. Armed with three 23mm cannons but no missiles, it was a faster upgraded MiG-15 fitted with an afterburning engine, and a radar-ranging gunsight reverse-engineered from the F-86A (as well as a new, more sharply swept wing to increase its critical Mach number, therefore top speed). By comparison, the American Crusader was a daylight gunfighter capable of speeds of nearly twice the speed of sound, armed with both cannon and Sidewinder missiles. Lan dived to attack at about 1,000 feet, and fired at a range of 700 feet. His gun camera showed a blazing F-8 which he reported had crashed. At 10:15 wingman Lieutenant Phan Van Tuc fired on another F-8, claiming a second victory.", "At 10:15 wingman Lieutenant Phan Van Tuc fired on another F-8, claiming a second victory. Pilots Ho Van Quy and Tran Minh Phuong also opened fire on two F-8s, but were out of gun range. In the VPAF's evaluation, their success was due to proper preparation, using surprise and engaging only in close dogfights. While the US Navy records that all of the Crusaders returned, a plane flown by Lt. Cdr. Spence Thomas was so damaged it diverted to Da Nang and was written off as destroyed upon landing. That could make Lan's attack the first air-to-air kill not only by the VPAF's MiG-17s, but the first air victory of the conflict. The Navy recorded that an A-4 Skyhawk of Lt. Cdr. R. A. Vohden was lost to AAA; Vohden spent the rest of the war as a POW. After his victory, Lan found himself short on fuel. He elected to save his plane by making a hard landing by a riverbed in the Ke Tam valley (Nghệ An Province). He was besieged by locals who expected to find an American pilot until he showed his VPAF badge. The VPAF had nevertheless demonstrated the ability to engage modern US fighters, and afterwards recognized April 3 as Air Force Day. On the American side, the failure to drop any spans led to a new attack scheduled for the next day; it was expected by VPAF commanders. This time, eighty planes were engaged, including 48 F-105s, carrying only bombs, as the inadequacy of the Bullpup had been fully demonstrated. During 4 April 1965 engagement, a tiny force of eight MiG-17s (half flying as decoys) from the 921st \"Sao Do\" (Red Star) Fighter Regiment (FR) was again given the daunting task of confronting a massive armada of modern American supersonic fighter-bombers. The 46 F-105 Thunderchiefs tasked as fast attack bombers were escorted by a flight of 21 F-100 Super Sabres daylight fighters from the 416th Tactical Fighter Squadron (416th TFS), four Sidewinder-armed for MiGCAP, and seventeen armed with 2.75-inch HVAR to suppress AAA batteries. Each flight was given a call sign. These included \"Steel\", \"Iron\", \"Copper\", \"Moon\", \"Carbon\", \"Zinc\", \"Argon\", \"Graphite\", \"Esso\", \"Mobil\", \"Shell\", and \"Petrol\". \"Cadillac\" flight conducted Bomb Damage Assessment, while the search and rescue included A-1 Skyraiders, call sign \"Sandy\", and HH-3 Jolly Green Giant rescue helicopters, call sign \"Jolly Green.\" The VPAF made ground-based AAA sites the first line of defence, with fighters attacking after ground gunners ceased fire. After taking off at about 10:20, the MiGs would break into decoy and attack flights. The leader was second-in-command Nguyen Van Tien, while Dao Ngo Ngu handled the ground control command. The Americans started with recon flights over Thanh Hóa. Then the attacking jets flew in flights of four. One flight would attack at a time while others circled awaiting their turn. Although, on paper, the F-105 was capable of Mach 2+, when loaded with ordnance under its small wings, it was subsonic and unready to tangle with any fighters that might get past the escorts. Covering the north, in the direction of Hanoi's airfields, escorting F-100s sixty miles north of the Song Chu estuary where the river meets the sea, were to warn of enemy aircraft and if possible to intercept, while four others orbited south of the estuary. The MiG attack came instead from the south, with part angling off toward the west, perhaps to draw away escorts as a decoy. As the MIGCAP F-100s flew south, they spotted MiG-17s flying in from the sea toward the F-105s, and urgently radioed the warning: \"Break off!\" But their warnings weren't heeded due to garbled transmission. The strike aircraft flew on like sitting ducks, unaware of the incoming threat. While North Vietnam had full radar coverage and ground control of their pilots, the short-range, forward-scanning radars in the F-100s didn't spot the MiGs in a part of the sky where they were not expected. The USAF would later use EC-121s to provide full 360 degree radar coverage for strike packages. Coming from clouds above, the MiG-17s tore past the escorts and dove onto the bomb laden Thunderchiefs, Vietnamese flight leader Trần Hanh spotted four F-105Ds at 10:30 starting to drop their bombs, ordering his wingman, Pham Giay, to cover his attack. He fired at 400 meters, observing one F-105, piloted by Major Frank E. Bennett (355th TFW, KIA) fall in flames into the Gulf of Tonkin. The flight leader attempted to recover at Da Nang but had his controls freeze up within sight of the base. Ejecting, he was killed when his parachute failed to open before he struck the water. As the F-105s turned to attack the MiGs, the MiGs split into two groups on the north and south sides of the bridge. Supported by Tran Nguyen Nam, Le Minh Huan downed another F-105D, callsign Zinc 2 piloted by Capt. J. A. Magnusson. He radioed that he was heading for the Gulf if he could maintain control of his aircraft. Magnusson finally bailed out twenty miles away over the Gulf of Tonkin near the island of Hon Me, and was eventually listed as missing and then killed after a 48-hour search.", "Magnusson finally bailed out twenty miles away over the Gulf of Tonkin near the island of Hon Me, and was eventually listed as missing and then killed after a 48-hour search. The USAF confirmed the two F-105 losses during that engagement. The remaining F-105 found himself in the sights of another MiG-17 who he could not shake. In desperation, he tried a snap roll which slowed his plane so that the MiG-17 over-shot him, as his captain had recommended. Finding himself on the MiG's tail, he was too surprised to attempt to shoot down the MiG with his gun. The fortunate pilot was briefed the day before about this maneuver by Captain John Boyd from Nellis Air Force Base, who would later become a significant voice in the design of America's fighter aircraft. After the quick success of downing two American fighters, the outnumbered North Vietnamese defenders faced the remaining F-100s and F-105s now fully alerted to their presence and turning their attention to the MiGs. Tranh Hanh ordered his flight to split into two groups. He and wingman Pham Giay stayed south of the bridge, while Le Minh Huan and Tran Nguyen Nam flew to the north. Three F-100s from the MiGCAP, piloted by LTC Emmett L. Hays, CPT Keith B. Connolly, and CPT Donald W. Kilgus, all from the 416th TFS, engaged the MiG-17s. As the F-100s closed in, they hesitated to fire missiles which might hit their F-105s. The lead F-100 got a locking tone as he fired an IR guided Sidewinder air-to-air missile once he had a clear shot, but it passed above its target, while Connolly and Kilgus engaged with 20mm cannon. Kilgus recognized what was Pham Giay's MiG just after it appeared out of the haze. He dropped his wing tanks and turned into the target that had just made a ninety degree turn to face him. He shook off Tranh Hanh's second MiG which appeared as Giay overshot and missed him. Closing in from behind Giay, Kilgus closed in and pulled up his nose so that the four M39 20mm guns would bear on the target. Lighting his afterburner and using his height advantage, he accelerated and dived after the MiG at 450 knots. Kilgus recognized the Vietnamese pilot was pulling him into a game of chicken as both jets hurtled down toward the waters of the Gulf of Tonkin and the lighter MiG should have been able pull out of a dangerous dive more quickly. Now headed nearly straight down, Kilgus armed his guns and took aim at the spot projected on the glass of his A4 radar-ranging gunsight. While worrying about the rapidly falling altitude, he opened fire at 7,100 feet, observing puffs and sparks coming off Giay's vertical tail fin before losing visual contact as he pulled up, just barely clearing the water. Historian Don McCarthy later concluded he was certain Kilgus brought down the MiG-17. Aviation writer Larry Davis also records that Kilgus' wing man also reported a kill, but it was denied by higher headquarters at 7th Air Force. Although not immediately reported that day, only Kilgus claimed and was credited with a probable kill. Based upon the report, the F-100s had obtained the first US aerial combat victories during the Vietnam War. If confirmed, Kilgus would have made the only air-to-air MiG kill by an F-100 during the conflict., while it was assumed the other MiGs escaped. MiG-17 flight leader and sole survivor Tran Hanh was credited with his confirmed F-105. His own plane narrowly escaped through hard maneuvering, but he lost contact with ground control. Low on fuel, he opted to land at the nearby Ke Tam valley, but was detained by the locals until he produced his VPAF badge. Hanh says that he saw his wingman, Le Minh Huan and Tran Nguyen Nam also shot down by F-105s. Hanh probably confused the escorting F-100s for F-105s. As only one American pilot even claimed a probable kill, his other comrades may have instead collided or been hit by their own AA fire. Nevertheless, in exchange for their significant sacrifice, the North Vietnamese MiG-17s had scored their first confirmed aerial victories in jet-to-jet combat against supersonic fighters. North Vietnamese AAA gunners on the ground were credited with downing a \"Sandy\" A-1H Skyraider, killing Capt. Walter Draeger, and also initially credited with the F-105 of Capt. Carlyle \"Smitty\" Harris, who survived and became one of the earliest American prisoners of war. Later on 15 April 1965, a communist publication interviewed a MiG pilot who had actually shot down Capt. Harris' F-105 rather than ground fire. Harris was classified MIA, but had been actually captured and was imprisoned in Hanoi until 1973. In North Vietnam, MiG-17 flight leader Tran Hanh became a national hero. What in retrospect might seem to be tactical draw after losing all of their defending fighters and three pilots, the action was celebrated as a \"glorious victory over US aircraft to ensure the flow of war supplies to the south\". For their part, anti-aircraft gunners received the Victory Order and the Military Exploit Order. On the 45th anniversary of the battle in 2010, Vietnam celebrated the downing of 47 US aircraft of the 454 sorties over two days that dropped 350 bombs on and around the bridge, calling it \"the symbol of the Vietnamese people's will to defend their country...the Great Spring Victory to liberate the South and reunify the country.\"", "On the 45th anniversary of the battle in 2010, Vietnam celebrated the downing of 47 US aircraft of the 454 sorties over two days that dropped 350 bombs on and around the bridge, calling it \"the symbol of the Vietnamese people's will to defend their country...the Great Spring Victory to liberate the South and reunify the country.\" The raid had been carried out with great precision, but despite having been hit by more than 300 bombs, the Thanh Hóa bridge still stood. As minor damage caused the circulation to be interrupted for a few days, it was seen as a modest success that had cost the US Air Force three F-105s. But U.S. Air Force chief of staff General John P. McConnell, was \"hopping mad\" to hear that two of America's most advanced F-105 Thunderchiefs had been shot down by slow, elderly left-over MIGs of the tiny 36-jet North Vietnamese air force. The subsonic MiG-17s had been in service for over twelve years since 1953, and were barely improved over the original MiG-15s that sparred with F-86 Sabres in dogfights during the Korean War. By contrast, the F-105, which was on the drawing boards as the MiG entered service, was two generations ahead (and the escorting F-100s one generation ahead). The F-105 was the USAF's most advanced Mach 2 class fighter bomber, with sophisticated navigation and radar systems which could be armed with Sidewinder missiles and a bombload comparable to World War II bombers. But at slower speeds, the older MiG could outmaneuver any of its adversaries, and at a time when air-to-air missiles were highly unlikely to actually destroy their targets, the cannons of the MiG were much more reliable, and deadly against F-105s, which at the time were vulnerable to hits on systems such as hydraulics. The losses to MiGs resulted in the subsequent replacement of the F-100 Super Sabre escorts with F-4 Phantoms. The incident would start a series of events that would lead to a reassessment of fighters better suited to close-in dogfighting. While the F-105 would finish off its service with a slightly better than even kill-to-loss ratio over MiGs, the large plane had been designed primarily to deliver bombs at low level rather than shoot down other fighters. Its replacement was the even larger Phantom, which had been designed without any guns to fire missiles at stand-off ranges rather than tangle in turning dogfights. This experience would re-introduce the requirement that future fighters would need to be able to mix with MiGs on more equal terms and not just shoot missiles from a distance. This would lead to training programs such as Top Gun. The expensive swing-wing F-111B, which could not dogfight, was dropped in favor of the VFAX, which evolved into the F-14 Tomcat. The USAF would develop its own purpose-built FX supersonic air superiority fighter as the F-15 Eagle along with smaller Teen Series fighters. The new fighters that came on line during the 1970s would dominate American airpower for the remainder of the 20th century and inspire similar Soviet designs. With the establishment of the Route Package system, the Thanh Hóa area was allocated to the US Navy. Between 1965 and 1968, until US President Lyndon B. Johnson temporarily called off air raids against North Vietnam, the bridge was a regular objective for navy Alpha strikes. Different types of aircraft were engaged including A-3 Skywarriors, A-4 Skyhawks, A-6 Intruders, F-4 Phantoms and F-8 Crusaders. Several types of weapons were launched at the bridge including AGM-62 Walleye missiles, but none had the precision and power to destroy it permanently. Several times, traffic over the bridge was interrupted, but every time, the North Vietnamese dutifully repaired the damage. In May 1966, an innovative attack, Operation Carolina Moon, was planned by the US Air Force. A new weapon was to be used: a large magnetic mine, that implemented a new energy mass-focusing concept. The plan was to float the mines down the river, till they reached the bridge, where the magnetic sensors would set off the charges, hopefully wrecking it permanently. The only aircraft with a large enough hold to carry these weapons was the slow-flying C-130 Hercules transport, so the operation was due to take place at night, to reduce its vulnerability. On the night of May 30, a first Hercules dropped five mines. A North Vietnamese prisoner later revealed that 4 of the 5 mines had in fact exploded under the bridge, but not caused any significant damage. However at the time the Americans did not know this, as after-mission reconnaissance had showed the bridge still standing, and a second raid was planned, with a different crew, for the following night. This second attempt turned to disaster: the Hercules was hit during its low-level run and crashed, killing the entire crew. An F-4 engaged in a diversionary attack nearby was also brought down and its crew lost. Between 1968 and 1972, bombing of North Vietnam was discontinued, enabling the North Vietnamese to repair their infrastructures, including the Thanh Hóa bridge. With the communist invasion of South Vietnam in 1972, a new bombing campaign was instituted: Operation Linebacker. On 27 April, twelve Phantoms of the 8th Tactical Fighter Wing, based at Ubon, Thailand attacked the Thanh Hóa Bridge. Eight of their number carried laser-guided bombs.", "Eight of their number carried laser-guided bombs. The raid was carried out without a hitch, and when the dust of the explosions had cleared it became apparent that the bridge had been dislodged from its western abutment, dropping one half into the river. To complete its destruction, a second attack was scheduled for the thirteenth of May when fourteen Phantoms were engaged, with LGBs of up to aimed at the central pillar supporting the bridge. Once again, the attack was successful, and the \"Dragon's jaw\" was rendered completely unusable. The US command, however, was not satisfied, and ordered a final attack on the sixth of October. This time, four U.S. Navy A-7s from VA-82, aboard , successfully delivered 8,000 lbs of high explosives with two planes carrying two Walleyes, while two other carried a further 2,000 lbs in Mk 84 GP bombs. In a simultaneous attack, the center piling on the bridge's west side was hit and broke the span in half. After this, the Thanh Hóa Bridge was considered permanently destroyed and removed from the target list. The North Vietnamese made various claims as to how many planes they shot down, but the US only recognizes the loss of eleven aircraft during attacks against the bridge. However, the concentration of air defense assets also took its toll on passing aircraft and in total an estimated 104 American pilots were shot down over a area around the bridge during the war. The bridge was restored in 1973. As of 2016, the bridge still stands. 873 air sorties were expended against the bridge and it was hit by hundreds of bombs and missiles before finally being destroyed. It became something of a symbol of resistance for the North Vietnamese, and various legends of invincibility were attached to it. For the US planners it became an obsession, and many raids were planned against it despite their unpopularity with the pilots. A cynical rewording of the song the \"Red River Valley\" was sung by fighter pilots, referring to this dangerous target. In his 1976 essay collection, \"Mauve Gloves & Madmen, Clutter and Vine\", Tom Wolfe recounted a rueful story that circulated among Navy pilots who flew sorties against the Thanh Hóa Bridge. In their telling, the Earth consisted of two hemispheres, spring-loaded and held together opposite the hinge by the bridge. When it was destroyed, the story went, the two hemispheres would fly apart, flinging humanity into space. While the first employment of the Bullpup in 1965 proved a disappointment, the ultimate destruction of the bridge finally proved the promise and effectiveness of precision-guided munitions, opening the way to a new era of aerial warfare. The 1965 strikes were the first employment of modern strike packages which were combined and launched against that specific target, leading up to an evolution of air warfare to 1972 with laser-guided munitions, which would later be employed very effectively with minimal losses in Operation Desert Storm in 1991. The shock of losing modern fighters in dogfights in 1965 was a landmark which led to a major shift in fighter design, away from interceptors firing missiles to agile designs capable in short-range air combat." ]

[ "A Stripe for Frazer A Stripe for Frazer is an episode in the British comedy series \"Dad's Army\". It was originally transmitted on Saturday 29 March 1969. It is the only missing episode of Dad's Army to be reconstructed using animation. Frazer is promoted to Lance Corporal, and battles with Jones for further promotion. When Captain Bailey informs Mainwaring that he can make up another lance corporal, Frazer is chosen. Jones and Frazer both try desperately to impress Mainwaring into making them a corporal, and Frazer issues many charge sheets. The episode ends with Frazer breaking into the office with a boat-hook." ]

[ "Smallpeice Trust The Smallpeice Trust is an independent charity that provides programmes to promote engineering careers to young people aged 10 to 18 through residential courses, Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths (STEM) Days, STEM Clubs and STEM Teacher Training Days. Cosby Smallpeice, a pioneering engineer and inventor of the Smallpeice Lathe, founded the Smallpeice Trust, following the stock market flotation of his company Martonair. Dr Smallpeice invested his energy and part of his personal fortune to set up the Trust to ensure that British industry could benefit from his proven design and engineering philosophies “Simplicity in design, economy in production”. The Trust is now governed by an eminent board of non-executive trustees and members from a diverse range of engineering, industry, educational and professional bodies. In the past academic year, The Smallpeice Trust reached out to 17,495 young people through 35 different subsidised 3-5 day residential courses in a range of engineering disciplines, 1-day in-school STEM Days and STEM Clubs. The Smallpeice Trust has also trained 1,280 teachers to enhance their delivery of STEM in the classroom through STEM Teacher Training Days The trust maintains a strong interface with industry, education and professional bodies that help to support, promote and develop the courses. Through these relationships the Trust can also provide tailored or specialised courses. The Smallpeice Trust hosts the Arkwright Scholarships Trust within its offices in Leamington Spa, England. The Smallpeice Trust can now be found on Twitter and Facebook." ]

[ "Trebor Jay Tichenor Trebor Jay Tichenor (January 28, 1940 - February 22, 2014) was a recognized authority on Scott Joplin and the ragtime era. He collected and published others' ragtime piano compositions and composed his own. He authored books about ragtime, and both on his own and as a member of The St. Louis Ragtimers, became a widely known ragtime pianist. Trebor Jay Tichenor was born in St. Louis, Missouri to Dr. Robert and Letitia Tichenor. His first name was formed by reversing the letters in his father's first name. He studied piano from the age of five and was influenced by hearing the ragtime piano playing of his mother in her band, Lettie's Collegiate Syncopators. During the early 1950s, Lou Busch adopted the personality of Joe \"Fingers\" Carr, and made a series of ragtime recordings. These recordings mightily influenced Trebor's interests in the direction of ragtime. According to the noted sources, in the time frame from the mid-1950s to the early 1960s, when Tichenor wasn't acquiring first a high school degree from Country Day School (1958) and then a bachelor of arts from Washington University (1963), he was spending his time acquiring notable collections of original ragtime sheet music and piano rolls and making contact with the active members and legends of the continuing ragtime tradition. By 1960, Tichenor's house had become renowned in the area as a place where one could hear hours of excellent music by both amateur and professional ragtime musicians. He received encouragement to himself become a professional musician. In 1966 he married Jeanette. They had two children, Virginia (1966) and Andrew (1969). Jeanette died in 1986. Both children are professional musicians, and Virginia Tichenor is a professional ragtime musician. In December 2013, Trebor Tichenor suffered a massive cerebral hemorrhage that left him debilitated and hospitalized. While in the process of recovery he died at LaClede Groves Rehabilitation Center on the afternoon of February 22, 2014, at age 74. In the Fall of 1961 and with three other musicians, Al Stricker (voice, banjo), Don Franz (tuba), and Bill Mason (trumpet), Tichenor formed the ragtime group known as the St. Louis Ragtimers, still performing in 2010. They performed on the weekends in Gaslight Square during the first half of the 1960s. Starting in 1965, the St. Louis Ragtimers began to perform on the Goldenrod Showboat. According to Terry Waldo, the Ragtimers' forte is the performance of folk ragtime and ragtime songs which reflect the spirit and humor of the ragtime era. The tables at the end of this article show that Tichenor has regularly recorded ragtime music, both solo and with others, during a period of over 52 years, starting in 1962. For decades, Tichenor and the St. Louis Ragtimers have appeared at various early jazz and ragtime festivals throughout the United States, notably the Scott Joplin International Ragtime Festival and the West Coast Ragtime Festival. Tichenor was an acknowledged expert on aspects of ragtime and the ragtime era. He co-founded and co-edited the \"Ragtime Review\" in 1961. He co-authored an article on ragtime piano rolls. Various authors have noted that he had either the largest collection of ragtime piano rolls in the world, or one of them. In addition, he often made his significant collection of ragtime piano sheet music available, e.g., as in the publication of a definitive, two-volume set of Scott Joplin's collected rags. His relatively early conversations with ragtime figures such as Bob Darch and Arthur Marshall have led to discoveries in the history of ragtime. Attendant on the film The Sting, popular interest in ragtime was powerfully renewed. During his performance years at the Showboat Goldenrod, Tichenor did a brief stint around 1971 at community radio station KDNA-FM, St. Louis. In a one-hour weekly program, he introduced the radio audience to the history of ragtime. He contributed two volumes of a total of 127 rags which gave a broader perspective on the kind and quality of ragtime piano music of the years between 1897 and 1917. \"Ragtime Rarities\" was published in 1975, \"Ragtime Rediscoveries\" in 1979. With David A. Jasen, in 1978 Tichenor published a widely read compendium \"Rags and Ragtime: A Musical History\". Tichenor has also written a number of short articles for various ragtime publications under the topics ragtime history, ragtime figures, and ragtime piano repertory. Finally, he has himself been the subject of various short articles as well as bibliographical citations. Tichenor had the weekly radio program \"Ragophile\" in St. Louis from 1973-1987. He taught the Ragtime course for many years as a Lecturer in Music at Washington University. Tichenor began composing his own brand of country ragtime, completing about 2 dozen of them in a 25-year period. He was an acknowledged exponent of this folk ragtime. His three folios of rags are noted at the end of the article." ]

[ "Richard Hirsch Richard A. Hirsch (born 1944) is an American abstract ceramic sculptor. He received a BS in art education from the State University of New York at New Paltz in 1956, an MFA in ceramics from the Rochester Institute of Technology's School for American Craftsmen in 1971 and an honorary Ph.D. from National Taiwan University of Arts in 2008. He taught at Nazareth College (New York), Sault College (Ontario, Canada), Boston University and at the Rochester Institute of Technology, where he currently holds the title of professor emeritus, College of Art and Design. Hirsch studied ancient Latin American and Chinese cultures, as well as traditional Japanese raku. \"Ceremonial Cup #14\", in the collection of the Honolulu Museum of Art, demonstrates how the artist combined the form of a Shang dynasty tripod vessel with a raku ware surface. The Art Gallery of Greater Victoria (Victoria, British Columbia, Canada), the Benaki Museum (Athens, Greece), the Boca Raton Museum of Art (Boca Raton, Florida), the Burchfield Penney Art Center (Buffalo, New York), the Carnegie Museum of Art (Pittsburg, Pennsylvania), the China Art Academy Museum (Hangzhou, China)], the Daum Museum of Contemporary Art (Sedalia, Missouri), the Everson Museum of Art (Syracuse, New York), the Fuller Craft Museum (Brockton, Massachusetts), the Gardiner Museum (Toronto, Ontario, Canada), the High Museum of Art (Atlanta, Georgia), the Honolulu Museum of Art, the lcheon World Ceramic Center (Gyeonggi-do, South, Korea), the Memorial Art Gallery (Rochester, New York), the Mint Museum (Charlotte, North Carolina), the Museum of Arts and Design (New York City), the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. The National Museum of Art (Riga, Latvia), the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art (Kansas City, Missouri), the New Orleans Museum of Art, the Nora Eccles Harrison Museum of Art (Logan, Utah), the Ohi Museum (Kanazawa, Japan), the Racine Art Museum (Racine, Wisconsin), the Sørlandets Art Museum (Kristiansand, Norway) and the Yingge Ceramics Museum (Taipei, Taiwan) are among the public collections holding work by Richard A. Hirsch." ]

[ "Burton Blumert Burton S. Blumert (; February 11, 1929 – March 30, 2009) was the president of the Center for Libertarian Studies in Burlingame, California, co-founder and chairman of the Mises Institute, and the publisher of LewRockwell.com. In a career that spanned almost 50 years until his retirement in 2008, he bought and sold precious metals as the proprietor of Camino Coin Company. Educated at New York University, Blumert had a series of draft deferments and then enlisted in the United States Air Force during the Korean War era. From 1959 until 2008, Blumert operated the Camino Coin Company, dealing in bullion and coins. Upon retirement he gave the company to a long-time employee. After retiring, Blumert remained an active discussant of commodities topics in the media. Blumert was Jewish. In a 2008 interview he credited his experience in the coin industry as spurring him to adopt a libertarian political philosophy and to support fellow gold advocate Ron Paul. In 1988, Blumert was chairman of Ron Paul's first presidential campaign. Blumert was a close friend and supporter of the late Murray Rothbard, with whom he founded the Center for Libertarian Studies in 1975. As president of the Center for Libertarian Studies, Blumert published the \"Journal of Libertarian Studies\", the \"Austrian Economics Newsletter\", and the \"Rothbard-Rockwell Report\". Blumert served as chairman of the Ludwig von Mises Institute and was publisher of \"LewRockwell.com\" (LRC). In his often humorous contributions to LRC, he positioned himself as anti-Rudy Giuliani, pro-Barry Bonds, and skeptical of the medical establishment. A selection of Blumert's essays were collected into the 2008 book, \"Bagels, Barry Bonds, and Rotten Politicians\", for which Lew Rockwell provided a foreword. Blumert was a critic of neoconservatism and praised Ron Paul for keeping the libertarian movement focused on Austrian economics, honest money, and non-intervention." ]

[ "39 Pounds of Love 39 Pounds of Love is a film written and directed by Dani Menkin, with co-writer, Ilan Heitner. It stars Ami Ankilewitz, a 34-year-old Israeli 3D animator who lived with Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA). The documentary centers on his journey across the United States by motorhome to find the doctor who told his mother when he was born that he would not live past the age of 6. The title refers to the fact that Ankilewitz weighed only 39 pounds during his cross-country trip due to the rare form of SMA/2 that he was born with. Even though he could not move any part of his body except for one finger, he was still determined to use that finger to create 3D animations and live his life as he would if he had not suffered from SMA. \"39 Pounds of Love\" was officially released on April 5, 2005 and was re-released on DVD on October 6, 2009. \"39 Pounds of Love\" won Best Documentary at both the Tahoe/Reno and Palm Beach Film Festivals, and won the Audience Award at both the Tallgrass and Boston Jewish Film Festival. The film was also placed on the Oscar short list for the Best Documentary Feature category in 2005. \"39 Pounds of Love\" follows Ankilewitz on his journey across the United States with his best friend and caretaker, Asaf. The film also includes Ankilewitz's brother, Oscar, and his mother, Helena. The documentary was produced by Asfur, Hilla Medalia and Daniel J. Chalfen, and was both written and directed by Dani Menkin, with co-writer, Ilan Heitner. The animations in the film were all created by Ankilewitz. Ankilewitz died on September 20, 2009 after battling SMA/2 for 41 years." ]

[ "British Motor Museum The British Motor Museum, is the World's largest collection of historic British cars in Warwickshire, England. There are over 300 Classic cars on display from the British Motor Industry Heritage Trust and the Jaguar Heritage Trust. The collection, now cared for by the British Motor Industry Heritage Trust, was developed in the 1970s when a new division of the British Leyland Motor Corporation (BLMC) was formed to preserve and manage the company's collection of historic vehicles. In 1979, the company became BL Heritage Limited, adopting a new headquarters at Studley, Warwickshire. Two years later, a museum was opened at the London Transport Museum's former home of Syon Park, west of London, where some 100 vehicles from the collection were put on display. During the early 1980s, closer ties were made with other British motor manufacturers. In 1983, the collection was granted charitable status, and became the British Motor Industry Heritage Trust, and although there were now several manufacturers involved, the collection still carried a large bias towards the former British Leyland companies. Austin-Rover continued as the primary backer of the Trust, and gradually the other companies withdrew their support. Meanwhile, the collection continued to grow. In the late 1980s, it became evident that larger premises would be required as the collection developed. Several new sites were considered for a purpose built museum. The present location was chosen, on the site of the former RAF Gaydon airfield in South Warwickshire, which was home to the Rover Group's design, technology and testing ground. Plans were drawn up and construction began in 1991 for the new Heritage Motor Centre. Set in of grounds, the centre brought together all of the Trust's operations for the first time, providing exhibition and storage space for the collection of over 250 vehicles and archive of over 2 million photographs, business records, brochures and drawings. The site also includes conference facilities. When Rover Group was taken over by BMW in 1994, the British Motor Museum came under their ownership. Six years later, BMW sold the Rover Group, which meant that the Centre changed hands yet again, this time under the ownership of the Ford Motor Company. This latest change of ownership means that the Trust now had the opportunity to expand its collection to include all of the companies that have formed part of Britain's motor manufacturing history. Following Jaguar's decision to close their Jaguar Daimler Heritage Centre, a small selection of the Jaguar Daimler Heritage Collection has been on display at the Museum. In November 2015 the Heritage Motor Centre closed for a £1.1 million refurbishment, and reopened on 13 February 2016 under the new name of British Motor Museum. This is not an exhaustive list — a complete list is provided on the centre's website. Due to space limitations, not all cars are exhibited at all times. The British Motor Museum offers a research and registry service for several British car marques. For a small fee, owners may send in their Vehicle Identification Number (VIN - aka chassis number) and/or engine numbers, and they will research the original production records for that vehicle and send back whatever information on the vehicle is available. This is a 'Certified Copy of a Factory Record' or more commonly known as a Heritage Certificate. This can include such details as a list of the options the car was ordered with, the original paint colour and any identification numbers that may be missing. This can be useful when applying for tax exemption or to obtain an age-related Registration Mark." ]

[ "North American Bird Phenology Program The North American Bird Phenology Program houses a unique and largely forgotten collection of six million Migration Observer Cards that illuminate migration patterns and population status of the birds of North America. These handwritten cards contain almost all of what was known of bird distribution and natural history from the latter part of the 19th century through World War II. The bulk of the records are the result of the work of a network of observers who recorded migration arrival dates in the spring and fall in a program that, in its heyday, involved 3000 participants. Today, those records are being processed and placed into a modern database for analysis. This information will be used, along with recently collected arrival times of migrant birds, and in conjunction with historical weather data, to examine how bird migration is being affected by climate change. The information from this analysis will provide critical information on bird distribution, migration timing and migration pathways and how they are changing. There is no other program that has this depth of information that can help us understand the effect that global climate change has on bird populations across the continent. The program began in 1881 by Wells W. Cooke, who wanted to broaden knowledge and understanding of bird migration. While teaching on the White Earth Indian Reservation in Minnesota, Cooke began noting the arrival dates of migratory birds. He later coordinated volunteers throughout the Mississippi Flyway to collect arrival and departure data. His success sparked the interest of the newly formed American Ornithologists' Union (AOU), who convened a committee on the distribution and migration of birds and chose C. Hart Merriam to be its chief. The AOU expanded the volunteer network to include the entire United States, Canada, and a portion of the West Indies. The program outgrew the capabilities of the AOU and was then passed, in the late 1880s, to the Division of Economic Ornithology where it reached its greatest extent of 3000 volunteers. The Division of Economic Ornithology would later become the Bureau of Biological Survey and eventually lead to the creation of the US Fish and Wildlife Service. Although the program was actively maintained by the Federal Government, participation gradually declined and, in 1970, the program was closed. For many years since, these records have been kept safe by the United States Geological Survey (USGS). Wells W. Cooke, son of Reverend Elisha Woodbridge Cook and Martha Miranda (Smith) Cook, was born on January 25, 1858, in Haydenville, Massachusetts. The 5th of nine children and eldest boy, Cooke developed an interest in natural history at the age of 12, when he received his first gun. He was known to collect bird specimens from his neighborhood and surrounding area. Cooke went on to receive an A.B. and A.M. degree from Ripon College. After his marriage to Carrie Amy Raymond in 1879, Cooke became a teacher in Indian schools and secondary schools in Minnesota. It was here, in Minnesota, that Cooke first began documenting arrival dates and began what is now the BPP. Notably, Wells Cooke, became a member of the newly formed American Ornithologist’s Union in 1884, elected in part due to papers he published while teaching in the Mississippi Valley. In 1885, Cooke became a Professor, and over a 16 year period was associated with three colleges: the University of Vermont, the Agricultural College of Colorado, and the state College of Pennsylvania. Cooke also began an appointment with the Biological Survey in the U.S. Department of Agriculture in 1901 which lasted for 15 years, in which he published many publications on bird migration and distribution. Wells W. Cooke contributed in countless ways to the field of ornithology. He was the most eminent biologist on bird migration and distribution of his time. Chandler \"Chan\" Robbins was one of the last coordinators of the BPP before it stopped accepting migration records in 1970. He is a lifelong birder and casts a long shadow in the birding world. In an interview conducted by Sam Droege, Chan talks about the history of the BPP, how it began, who ran the program and why it came to a close. The Bird Phenology Program office is located at Patuxent Wildlife Research Center in Beltsville, MD. To contact us, Phone: (301) 497-5745 Physical Address: United States Geological Survey Patuxent Wildlife Research Center BARC-East, Bldg. 308- RM 105 Mailing Address: Patuxent Wildlife Research Center BARC-East, Bldg. 308- RM 105 10300 Baltimore Avenue Beltsville, MD 20705" ]

[ "Félix-Henri Giacomotti Félix-Henri Giacomotti (19 November 1828, Quingey – 10 May 1909, Besançon) was a French painter and muralist of Italian ancestry who specialized in historical and religious works. His parents were from Italy and he became a naturalized French citizen in 1849. His first studies were at the art school in Besançon. He also took private lessons from , who encouraged him to enter the École des Beaux-Arts. In 1850, he enrolled there and worked in the studios of François-Édouard Picot. In 1854, he was awarded the Prix de Rome in history painting for his depiction of Abraham washing the feet of his three angelic visitors. He lived at the Villa Medici in from 1855 to 1860 and studied at the French Academy in Rome with Jean-Victor Schnetz. Upon returning, he held his first exhibit at the Salon and continued to exhibit annually until his death. He was given numerous commissions, including murals for the ceiling of the Musée du Luxembourg and a depiction of the Holy Family at rest in the north transept of the Church of Notre-Dame-des-Champs. His rendition of Saint Martin sharing his cloak may be seen in the Church of Quingey. It is said that the Mayor served as the model for Saint Martin. Later, he was appointed Director of the municipal school of fine arts in Besançon and Curator of the Museum of Fine Arts and Archaeology; a position he held for life. Following his marriage to a woman from Étampes, he became a conservator at the museum there. In 1867, he was named a Knight of the Légion d’Honneur. Although best known for his historical and religious paintings, he also did numerous nudes in the style of his friend, William Bouguereau. During the troubles of the 1870s, he supported himself by painting portraits. A major retrospective of his work was held in 2005." ]

[ "Boston University Academy Boston University Academy (BUA) is a private high school operated by Boston University. Founded in 1993 and located on the Boston University campus, the Academy is geared toward college preparatory work. As part of its integration with the university, students are able to take college courses for credit their junior and senior years, and are guaranteed acceptance to Boston University upon maintaining a 3.0 grade point average in Boston University courses. BUA's student body is drawn from 62 communities. 47% come from public schools, 42% from independent schools, 4% from parochial schools and 7% are from home schools or international schools. 50% are students of color and 46% of students come from multilingual households (representing 25 languages). BUA provides need-based tuition assistance to approximately 33% of the students as of the 2017–2018 academic year. BU Academy student SAT scores are consistently high: Its reported average SAT score in 2013 of 2148 was among the highest of any public or private high school in Massachusetts. Nearly 100% (38 of 39 members) of its graduating class of 2012 were National Merit Commended Scholars. (National Merit Commended Scholars generally score in the top 2% of all PSAT/NMSQT test-takers.) The focus of the school, however, is not on standardized test taking or college admission. Rather, the school seeks to introduce its students to the rich western tradition while giving a solid background in academics. The Academy is accredited by the New England Association of Schools and Colleges and is a member of both the Secondary School Admission Test Board and the Association of Independent Schools of New England. Boston University Academy was proposed and founded in 1993 by Peter Schweich, then the vice president of Boston University, and authorized by John Silber, then the president of Boston University. Peter Schweich was its first headmaster, and served in that role until 1999, when he was succeeded by interim head of school Dr. Jennifer Bond Hickman. Dr. James Tracy replaced Hickman and served until the spring of 2006, when he was replaced by Dr. James Berkman. On August 21, 2014, Berkman announced that he would retire after the 2014–2015 academic year. On November 14, 2014, Provost Jean Morrison announced the appointment of Dr. Ari Betof to replace Berkman effective July 1, 2015. On July 10, 2018, Boston University announced the departure of Dr. Betof following an allegation of sexual misconduct. Following his departure, Dr. Rosemary White succeeded him as interim head of school, effective immediately. When BU Academy was founded, it covered grades 9-12; an 8th grade of approximately 20 students was added in 1999. The 8th grade was dropped in 2005. Tuition and fees for 2018-2018 is $. Thirty-six percent of students receive need based financial aid. The average financial aid award is $. Financial aid awards range from $ to $. The average income of families that receive financial aid is $." ]