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[ "Helmut von Verschuer Baron Helmut von Verschuer (born 6 December 1926), sometimes referred to as \"Helmut van Verschuer\" in Dutch, was a European civil servant who was a high-ranking official of the European Commission from 1958 until 1987. He was born in Tübingen. A member of the noble Dutch Verschuer family, which was closely connected to the Trott zu Solz family, Verschuer attended the Musterschule in Frankfurt. He then studied agriculture at the Technical University of Munich and the University of Giessen, and earned an M.Sc. in agriculture in 1950 and a PhD in agriculture at the University of Göttingen in 1956. He was a civil servant in the Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture in West Germany from 1952 to 1958. He was also a member of the West German permanent delegation to the negotiations on a European agricultural union 1952–1954 and participated in the Val Duchesse negotiations on the Rome Treaties, their compatibility with the GATT, and the free-trade area (1956–1958). From 1958 to 1987 he worked for the European Commission's Directorate-General for Agriculture. He was the executive assistant (i.e. private secretary) for the first director-general for agriculture Louis-Georges Rabot from 1958 to 1967, Director of General Affairs responsible for international negotiations from 1967 to 1972, and Deputy Director-General from 1972 to 1986. He played a key role in the EU's membership negotiations with Spain and Portugal. He was also President of the \"Association œcuménique européenne pour église et société\" in Brussels. He was also the author of several works on the Common Agricultural Policy." ]

[ "12th Cook Islands Parliament The 12th Cook Islands Parliament was a term of the Parliament of the Cook Islands. Its composition was determined by the 2006 elections, held on September 27, 2006. It was dissolved for the 2010 election on 24 September 2010. Due to an electoral petition declaring the election of Robert Wigmore invalid, the 12th Parliament initially consisted of only 23 members. A by-election was held for the vacant Titikaveka seat on 7 February 2007, and Wigmore was re-elected. Due to a large number of electoral petitions and the need for a by-election to resolve the tied seat of Akaoa, the Parliament did not meet for the first time until December 2006. Of the 24 Members of Parliament, three were women. The Speaker of the 12th Parliament was Mapu Taia." ]

[ "Klaha , aka Klaha (born May 3), is a Japanese singer-songwriter. He was the third vocalist for visual kei rock band Malice Mizer. His first band was the new wave group Pride of Mind, active from 1992-1996. He first played with Malice Mizer in 2000, on their single \"Shiroi Hada ni Kuruu Ai to Kanashimi no Rondo\", providing vocals, although he was credited as \"Fourth blood relative\". He then provided vocals on their album \"Bara no Seidou\". A year after Malice Mizer, Klaha started a solo career, but with a drastic change of style he performed pop music. After a live appearance in April 2004, Klaha's releases and performances stopped without explanation. In 2007, he stated that he would be returning that year, but nothing happened and no information has been given since his abrupt leave in 2004." ]

[ "Jean Bonfils Jean Bonfils (21 April 1921 – 26 November 2007) was a 20th-century French organist, music educator, musicologist and composer. Born in Saint-Étienne (Loire department), Bonfils commence ses études musicales au . After the war, he resumed his studies at the conservatoire de Paris where he obtained a First Prize in organ (1949) in the class of Marcel Dupré, a 2nd Prize in composition (1948) in the class of Jean Rivier and a 1st medal in musical analysis (1950) with Olivier Messiaen. In the same year, he became Olivier Messiaen's assistant on the organ of the église de la Trinité à Paris, and this until 1992, then the assistant of Naji Hakim until 1999. Jean Bonfils was also the organist at the Grand Synagogue of Paris from 1953 to 1997. He taught the organ at the Schola Cantorum de Paris from 1961 to 1973. With Gaston Litaize, he directed the important series \"L’Organiste liturgique\" (1953-1967) at Éditions musicales of the Schola Cantorum and la Procure générale de Musique. Jean Bonfils died in Rennes (Ille-et-Vilaine department) on 26 November 2007. In collaboration with Noëlie Pierront, Jean Bonfils published:" ]

[ "Rollin (Calvin Harris song) \"Rollin\" is a song by Scottish DJ and record producer Calvin Harris. It features vocals from American rapper Future and American singer Khalid. It is the third single from Harris' fifth studio album, \"Funk Wav Bounces Vol. 1\" (2017), following \"Slide\" and \"Heatstroke\". It was released on 12 May 2017 through Sony Music. Musically, \"Rollin\" is a funk and synth-funk song. \"Pitchfork\" praised the track, saying Harris is \"producing full-on swing jams like its second nature. Harris has proven to be a more than capable manager,\" further stating that \"not only is Calvin Harris making pop funky again; he’s surpassing DJ Khaled as a pop-rap maestro.\"" ]

[ "Prunus yunnanensis Prunus yunnanensis, the Yunnan cherry () is a species of \"Prunus\" native to Yunnan, Guangxi, Sichuan and adjacent provinces of southeast China, preferring to grow at 1900–2600m. The white flowers open at the same time as the leaves bud out, or very slightly before. It flowers from March to May, and fruits two months after. It is an often many-stemmed tree, usually 4 to 8m tall, but ranging from 3 to 9m. Its bark is gray, with brownishgray branchlets and green young twigs. The leaves have a 6 to 12mm petiole, and are elliptic, oblong, obovateoblong or ovateoblong, from 3.5 to 6cm long and 2 to 3.5cm wide. The leaves are a darker green on the top surface. Typically the inflorescences have 3 to 9 flowers borne on subcorymbose racemes or long racemes. Each flower has 33–45 stamens. The fruit, a drupe, is purplish red, 7 to 10mm by 5 to 8mm. It is planted as an ornamental street tree in Kunming, the capital of Yunnan." ]

[ "Seven Days Live Seven Days Live is the fourth video/DVD album from the rock band Poison, featuring a live concert at the Hammersmith Odeon, in London England, from the Native Tongue world tour in 1993, in support of the fourth Poison studio album Native Tongue, which was certified Gold by the RIAA on April 21, 1993. It was originally released on VHS in 1993 and then on DVD in 2006. It was also released as Poison Live In Concert with a different cover in 2003. In 2008, an audio CD of \"Poison Seven Days Live\" was released (August 26, 2008) from the same 1993 concert. The track listing is the same as the DVD with the exception of an additional track, \"Your Mama Don't Dance\". Additional musician" ]

[ "Gaia III: Atlantia Gaia III: Atlantia is the tenth album by the folk metal band Mägo de Oz. It was the third installment of the trilogy \"Gaia\" which began in 2003 with \"Gaia\" and continued in 2005 with \"\". It was released worldwide on 6 April 2010. On Saturday, 27 February 2010, there was a showcase exclusively for Mägo's latest album, \"Gaia III: Atlantia\", and the accompanying video, \"Que el Viento Sople a Tu Favor\". The release of \"Que el Viento Sople a Tu Favor\" was planned for March 30. According to an interview given by bandleader Txus to Mariskal Rock on the web, the entire trilogy will be sold in a deluxe package titled simply \"Gaia\" which will contain the three albums (\"Gaia\", \"Gaia II: La Voz Dormida\" and \"Gaia III: Atlantia\"), plus 8 bonus tracks that could not be included in the 3 discs (2 left off \"Gaia\" to avoid a double disc set, 3 from \"Gaia II: La Voz Dormida\" because BigSimon said it was too much, and 3 for \"Gaia III: Atlantia\" due to lack of time). The name of the tour will be \"Agaiate Que Vienen Curvas Tour 2010\" and will focus only on \"Gaia III: Atlantia\". For next year, he foresees a new tour focused on the entire trilogy. Furthermore, according to Txus statement, after \"Gaia III: Atlantia\", the band will take a break from work. Which, he noted the same Txus, does not mean that the group will break up or anything like that. Only \"Gaia III: Atlantia\" is the closure of a long period of the band, so a break will be given indefinitely. Maybe they will return with an album much easier and simpler than the Gaia trilogy. In addition, you may not follow the line of a concept album or novel. The band will try some rawer songs, without following the pattern of a story. CD 1: CD 2:" ]

[ "SRH Presents: Supporting Radical Habits Vol. II SRH Presents: Supporting Radical Habits Vol. II is the seventh official compilation album by Suburban Noize Records released on April 3, 2007. SRH Clothing and Suburban Noize Records teamed up again to release the second SRH “Supporting Radical Habits” CD/DVD compilation. This CD/DVD features music from Kottonmouth Kings, NOFX, Tech N9ne, Slightly Stoopid, and Sen Dog of Cypress Hill among many others. The DVD features over an hour of SRH riders which include; Mike Metzger, Vince Alessi, Josh Lewan, Jeremy Sommerville, Greg Domingo, Zach Peakock, Scottie Stephens, Grant Teel, Scummy, Manley, Thomas Hancock, Sean Doucett, James Lovette, Jim McNeil, Joe Crimo, Wes Agee, Jeremy Fulmer and more of the Subnoize and SRH members." ]

[ "Ünal Erkan Ünal Erkan (born 1942 in Erzurum) is a Nationalist Movement Party politician. He was at one time a member of the party's Central Executive Board, resigning in 2007. He was governor of the OHAL state-of-emergency region from 1992 to 1995, and had previously been head of police in Ankara and Istanbul and Chief of the General Directorate of Security (July 1991 to February 1992). He was briefly a cabinet minister in 1996 under Mesut Yılmaz for the True Path Party (DYP). Erkan featured in Mehmet Eymür's controversial \"1987 MIT Report\" that wrote about high-ranking civil servants and politicians such as Nevzat Ayaz, Erkan and Mehmet Ağar, alleging connections with the Turkish mafia." ]

[ "Beinhausen Beinhausen is an \"Ortsgemeinde\" – a municipality belonging to a \"Verbandsgemeinde\", a kind of collective municipality – in the Vulkaneifel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the \"Verbandsgemeinde\" of Kelberg, whose seat is in the like-named municipality. The municipality lies in the Eifel between Kelberg and Daun on the river Lieser, and more specifically in the Vulkaneifel, a part of the Eifel known for its volcanic history, geographical and geological features, and even ongoing activity today, including gases that sometimes well up from the earth. In the Middle Ages, Beinhausen belonged to the \"Amt\" of Daun in the Electorate of Trier. On 10 August 1290, Beinhausen had its first documentary mention as \"Beinchenhusen\". A later source speaks of \"Beyirhusen\", and later still, a 1504 purchase agreement names a one “Clais van Beyhusen” as well as the “\"Kirchenmeister\" (a title now no longer used, but akin to “sexton”) from Hilgenrait”. Under Prussian administration, the municipality was in the \"Bürgermeisterei\" (“Mayoralty”) of Sarmersbach. Beinhausen is overwhelmingly Catholic and is the parochial seat of the Parish of St. Hubertus Beinhausen, to which, besides Beinhausen itself, belong the villages of Boxberg, Neichen, Kradenbach, Nerdlen, Sarmersbach and Gefell. Until the early 20th century, Katzwinkel also belonged to the Hilgerath parish (as it was once known). The Beinhausen parish area is also commonly called Struth. The Hilgerath parish church, standing alone on the mountain within Neichen’s municipal limits, has been parish church since days of yore. The tower is known from its design to be from the mid 15th century; the main nave has existed in its current form since 1804. In 1950, the church was widened with two side naves. In more recent times, the return of the Hilgerath \"Gnadenbild\" (variously translated “holy picture” or “image of grace”, among others), \"Beweinung Christi\" (“Lamentation of Christ”) from the mid 15th century might be noted in the history books. This had been stolen from the parish church in a burglary in 1975 and thereafter its whereabouts were unknown. In 1994, Bernhard Euteneuer, who from 1992 to 2000 was the Beinhausen parish priest, managed to fetch the valuable \"Gnadenbild\" back to Hilgerath from Biberach an der Riß, where it had resurfaced. To show their thankfulness, the Struth Catholics have ever since undertaken a yearly pilgrimage in which they converge on Hilgerath, always on the Sunday after the Feast of the Cross (14 September). In the course of municipal restructuring in Rhineland-Palatinate, the municipality was assigned in 1970 to the \"Verbandsgemeinde\" of Kelberg. More than 90% of the inhabitants belong to the Roman Catholic Church. The council is made up of 6 council members, who were elected by majority vote at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman. The German blazon reads: \"In Silber ein grüner Berg, darin ein silberenes Haus, darüber ein schwarzer, hersehender Hirschkopf mit rotem Kreuz.\" The municipality’s arms might in English heraldic language be described thus: Argent in base a mount vert surmounted by a house of the field, above the mount a stag’s head caboshed sable, between his attires a Latin cross gules. The stag’s head and the cross are references to Saint Hubert, the parish’s patron saint. The green mount in base is meant to represent the hill of Hilgerath, upon which the parish church stands. The house surmounting the mount is meant to represent the village of Beinhausen, which lies at the foot of the hill. It also symbolizes the placename element \"—hausen\". The municipality’s name is reckoned to be a form of \"bei den Häusern\" – “at the houses”." ]

[ "Cockermouth railway station (Cockermouth and Workington Railway) The original Cockermouth railway station was the eastern terminus of the Cockermouth & Workington Railway. It served the town of Cockermouth, Cumbria, England. The station opened on 28 April 1847. It closed on 2 January 1865, being replaced by the Cockermouth, Keswick and Penrith Railway station when the line was extended eastwards to Penrith using a different alignment. After closure to passengers the station remained in use as a goods station until 1964. The station area included an engine shed which was opened on 28 April 1847, extended in 1858 and closed in 1876, after which it was converted for use as a goods shed. The shed was demolished in the mid-1990s." ]

[ "Kekūanāoʻa Mataio Kekūanaōʻa (1791–1868) was descended from the high chiefs of the island of Oahu. His first name is the Hawaiian form of Matthew. Kekūanaōʻa translates as \"the standing projection\" in the Hawaiian language. Kekūanaōʻa was born sometime around the year 1791. According to Abraham Fornander, \"Pupuka, an Oahu chief of considerable importance, was father of Inaina, the wife of Nahiolea, and mother of Kekuanaoa, late governor of Oahu.\" John Papa ʻĪʻī's uncle Nāhiʻōleʻa, the aliʻi that took Kalanikapule's side against Kamehameha I and was killed by his cousins, was listed in the newspaper \"Ke Au Okoa\" as Kekūanaōʻa's father; however, in the chant for Nakanealoha, the name of Kiʻilaweau is mentioned as a \"makua\". This makes some believe he had two fathers, a tradition called \"poolua\". At his death, his parents were identified as Nāhiʻōleʻa and Inaina, but on March 14, 1879, in an opinion for the Hawaiian Supreme Court over a probate matter, Justice C.J. Harris wrote: \"With regard to Ruth Keelikolani, it appears to me pretty clear that Keawe, No. 3 of Moana’s husbands, was the father of Kanaina the first by Moana; that this Kanaina had a son, Kiilaweau, who was the father of Kekuanaoa, and Kekuanaoa was the father of Keelikolani.\" Genealogist differ on the correct line with some believing that Nāhiʻōleʻa and Inaina were his parents and others believing it to be Kiʻilaweau and Kahoowaha, daughter of Moana Wahine. Kiʻilaweau was an aliʻi of the highest rank. While Kekūanaōʻa's children were not as high ranking as Kamehameha II or Kamehameha III, Kekūanaōʻa descends from Keawehanauikawalu, the son of Lonoikamakahiki, and his line was considered high-ranking. He was the Royal Governor of Oahu 1839–1864. On December 21, 1863 he was made the sixth Kuhina Nui, replacing his daughter who became Crown Princess and heir apparent to the throne. For most of his reign as Kuhina Nui he supported his son Kamehameha V's view of abolishing the position. He held the position until 1864 when the Constitution of 1864 abolished it. He also served as a member of the House of Nobles from 1841–1868, Privy Council 1845–1869, and as President of the Board of Education from 1860. In 1866, Mark Twain wrote of Mataio Kekūanaōa: \"[A] man of noble presence..\" and \"[S]eemingly natural and fitted to the place as if he had been born to it...\" The Territorial Building in the Hawaii Capital Historic District was named for him. He was the \"punahele\", or intimate companion of King Kamehameha II in his youth, and followed him to England where the King and Queen Kamāmalu died of measles in 1824. He was able to escape the sickness and return to Hawaii, stabilizing himself in the court by marrying two wives of his late sovereign. His first marriage to Kalehua was from 1822 to 1825, and the product of this marriage was a son named Paaula. He married again to Pauahi, the widow of Kamehameha II. Their marriage lasted only months, from November 1825 to her death in February 1826. He is considered the father of her daughter Princess Ruth Keʻelikōlani. He remarried Elizabeth Kīnau, another Kamehameha II widow, who ruled as the Kuhina Nui at the time under the name Kaahumanu II. From her he fathered David Kamehameha, Moses Kekūāiwa, Lot Kapuāiwa, Alexander Liholiho, and Victoria Kamāmalu. His sons Alexander and Lot would become King Kamehameha IV and King Kamehameha V. His daughter would become the fifth Kuhina Nui as Kaahumanu IV. The third marriage lasted from 1827 until Kīnau's death in 1839. After 6 years as a widower he remarried again in 1845, to the High Chiefess Kaloloahilani. The marriage resulted in the birth of a son on November 28, 1846." ]

[ "Yehonatan Yifrah Yehonatan Yifrah (, 24 October 1929 – 19 April 2008) was an Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset for the Alignment between 1969 and 1974. Born in Casablanca in Morocco, Yifrah was a member of the Habonim youth movement, and became an instructor for the movement in Algeria. He made aliyah to Israel in 1951 and joined kibbutz Bror Hayil, before settling in Sderot in 1957. Between 1957 and 1959 he was secretary of Sderot Workers Council, before serving as head of the town's local council between 1962 and 1971. In 1969 he was elected to the Knesset on the Alignment list, but lost his seat in the 1973 elections. He died in 2008 at the age of 78." ]

[ "W. H. McLeod William Hewat \"Hew\" McLeod (2 August 1932 – 20 July 2009) was a New Zealand scholar who wrote about Sikh history and culture. He produced many books and essays on Sikh identity, Sikh history and Sikh theology. His work frequently was a source of controversy. McLeod was born and raised in a farming family near Feilding, in New Zealand's North Island. He met Margaret Wylie in Dunedin during his university studies, and they were married in May 1955. They had four children. McLeod was educated at Nelson College from 1946 to 1950, and then at the University of Otago, Dunedin, where he earned a BA and then an MA in history, graduating in 1954. He then began theological studies and in 1958 joined the New Zealand Presbyterian church's mission to Punjab, India. At Kharar, in Punjab, he learned the local languages (Hindi and Punjabi) and taught English at the Christian Boys secondary school. Later, he completed a PhD at the School of Oriental and African Studies in London in 1965. In 1990 he was awarded a DLit by the University of London, and he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of New Zealand in 1999." ]

[ "Redhead murders The \"Redhead murders\", are a series of unsolved homicides believed to have been committed by an unidentified serial killer, also known as the Bible Belt Strangler, in various parts of the United States, including Tennessee, Arkansas, Kentucky, Mississippi, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia. It is presumed that the killings occurred between October 1978 and the 1980s, but they may have continued until 1992. The victims, many of whom have never been identified, usually had reddish hair and their bodies were abandoned along major highways in the United States; presumably, they were hitchhiking or engaged in prostitution. Authorities are unsure of how many people were responsible for these murders, if they were all performed by the same perpetrator(s), or how many victims there were. It is believed that a total of six to eleven victims were involved. Of the presumed victims, four have been identified. The body of a white female was found naked alongside Route 250 near Littleton, Wetzel County, West Virginia on February 13, 1983. A pair of senior citizens reported that they thought the remains were a mannequin before discovering it was a human corpse. The body had been placed at the area recently, as the snow was on the ground and absent on the body. Tire tracks and footprints indicate she died at a different area and was transported to the location where she was found. It is presumed that she had died two days before. She had not been an apparent victim of sexual assault, although foul play may have been involved in her death. This woman's cause of death was not officially determined, but she is a possible victim, as she may have been suffocated or strangled. This woman was one of the older victims, as her age range was between 35 and 45. The woman's hair was auburn, which matched the criteria for the killer. Her height was estimated to be approximately and weight as . Her eyes were presumed to be brown, although decomposition made it difficult to accurately determine eye color. She had two distinct scars, including one found on her abdomen from a Caesarean section, indicating she had at least one child and another found on one of the index fingers. The woman's legs and underarms were shaven, indicating an attention to grooming not characteristic of a transient or hitchhiker. A person of interest has emerged in this case, believed to be a middle-aged white male at the height of approximately and weighing . The man was seen near the area where the body was found and could have been involved with disposing of her body. The victim herself may have been seen alive in Wheeling, West Virginia as an employee or customer at a bar. She was subsequently buried after a funeral took place. West Virginia authorities are skeptical if this woman was a victim of this span of killings. The body of 28-year-old Lisa Nichols, who also used the last name of Jarvis, was found on September 16, 1984 along Interstate 40 near West Memphis, Arkansas. She was a resident of West Virginia and authorities were not able to come into contact with family members for some time, indicating she was estranged from them, resulting in her remaining unidentified for nearly a year. Her body was not identified until June 1985, nine months after she was strangled and left wearing only a sweater. She was identified through fingerprints. Nichols is believed to be a part of the Redhead Murders, as she was found along a highway and had strawberry-blond hair at the time of her demise. Her remains were identified by a couple from Florida, who had allowed her to stay with them for a period of time. Nichols may have been murdered after leaving a truck stop along the highway and may have attempted to hitchhike. On January 1, 1985, a bound body was found at the roadside near Jellico, Tennessee, in Campbell County on Interstate 75. Although her murder occurred about three days before, presumably on December 30, 1984, she was already in an advanced state of decomposition. Like the others, she was white and had short red hair, which was somewhat curly. She was likely between the ages of 17 and 25, although she may have been as old as 30 at the time she was murdered. The victim was found clothed, with a tan pullover, a shirt and jeans. The Jane Doe had green or hazel eyes, which could not be positively confirmed as a certain color because of the state of her body. The young woman also had freckles, various scars and burn marks on her body and was two and a half to five months pregnant when she was strangled. She had no evidence of dental work, except for a partial denture holding two false teeth on her upper jaw. It is believed that she was between five feet one and when she died and was approximately . It was announced on September 6, 2018, the victim had been identified as Tina Marie McKenney Farmer of Indiana. Fingerprinting was the method of identification. She was 21 at the time of her death and was last seen in Indianapolis accompanied by a trucker headed to Kentucky. Farmer had one daughter prior to disappearing in 1984.", "Farmer had one daughter prior to disappearing in 1984. She was reported missing by her family, yet authorities in Indiana did not enter her into national databases, as there was no law in the state, like others, which required them to do so. The second victim in Campbell County was found on April 3, 1985, but her hair color is unknown, which does not immediately indicate she was a victim of the Redhead Murderer. She was believed to have died between 1981 and 1984, one to four years before. Unlike the other victims, she was younger, between 9 and 15, when the others were estimated to be over 16. She was located by a passerby about 200 yards off Big Wheel Gap Road, four miles southwest of Jellico in Campbell County, some distance from Interstate 75, near a strip mine. The cause of this girl's death is unknown, as her remains were partial, but still may be homicide. Thirty-two bones, including her skull, were all that were recovered from the scene. Her skull allowed facial reconstruction. She wore a necklace and bracelet made of plastic buttons from clothing. There were a pair of boots recovered that were size 5, which may not belong to the victim, and a few scraps of clothing. Due to the condition of her body, her height, weight, eye color and hair color were not possible to estimate. Recent analysis of the victim's remains indicated she was not native to the area she was discovered. The tests showed she was likely born in Florida or central Texas, later relocating to the Midwest, Rocky Mountain states, the Southwest or the Pacific Coast. The skeletonized body of a red-haired female was located on March 31, 1985 in Pleasant View, Cheatham County, Tennessee. She was believed to have died three to five months before, due to an unknown cause. However, her case is possibly linked to the redhead murders because her remains were found at the side of Interstate 24 between mile markers 29 and 30. Unlike some of the other victims, she wore clothing: a shirt, sweater, pants and underwear. She was white, between five feet and tall with an inestimable weight. By examining her teeth, the victim had some evidence of crowding and overlapping of her teeth. This woman was believed to be between the ages of thirty-one and forty at the time of her death. The body of a woman who had died by suffocation was found in a white Admiral refrigerator in Gray, Knox County, Kentucky on April 1, 1985, alongside Route 25. The refrigerator had a decal of the words \"Super Woman\" on the front. The victim had been dead for a few days, and was nude except for two distinctive necklace pendants, one of a heart and the other of a gold-colored eagle, and two pairs of socks; one white, and the other white with green and yellow stripes. There were reports that the victim may have been soliciting a ride to North Carolina over CB radio. Five hundred people attended her funeral, which was also televised. The case was a local sensation in Gray, as the town was a \"quiet\" and \"sleepy\" place where little out of the ordinary usually happened. Distinguishing features of the body included a number of moles (on the right side of her neck, near one ankle, and below each breast), a yellow-stained upper incisor, and a scar and other marks on her abdomen, indicating that she had borne a child. Her eyes were light brown and her hair was red and nearly a foot long, which fit the pattern of the redhead killer. After her autopsy, she was determined to be between 24 and 35 years old and approximately 4 feet 9 to 4 feet 11 inches tall. It is also possible that she owned a pair of boots found near the refrigerator. Several missing persons have been eliminated as possible matches for the victim. After the case was publicized in January 2013, the police received some tips, but it is unknown if they became solid leads. On October 1, 2018, it was announced she had been positively identified as Espy Regina Black Pilgrim of North Carolina. On April 14, 1985, a young white female's body was located in Greeneville, Greene County, Tennessee. She had died by severe blunt-force trauma and possibly a stab wound three to six weeks before and was an advanced state of decomposition. However, her fingerprints were possible to obtain, as well as her DNA and dental information. She had been approximately six to eight weeks pregnant shortly before she died, but had miscarried recently. She was estimated to be 14 to 20 years old (possibly as old as 25) and was five feet four inches to tall at a weight of . She had a slight overbite and had some fillings in her teeth, showing that she had dental care in life. She had also painted her fingernails pink. Because she had light brown to blond hair with red highlights, it is possible that her case could be related to the Redhead murders. Authorities hoped in late April 1985 that they would identify her body through fingerprints but were unsuccessful. Six missing women were ruled out as possible identities of the victim.", "Six missing women were ruled out as possible identities of the victim. In November 2018, the victim was identified as New Hampshire native Elizabeth Lamotte, who was 17 at the time of her death. Lamotte had disappeared on April 6, 1984. She was identified through a DNA match after a DNA profile was obtained from Lamotte's family by New Hampshire police in 2017. She had been staying at a group home in Manchester and never returned after gaining furlough. Lamotte's DNA was initially taken to compare against the adult victim of the Bear Brook murders, as an unidentified girlfriend of the suspect was known by the same first name. It is believed that most of the victims remain unidentified due to being estranged or not close with existing family members or may not have been native to the states in which that they were found. In 1985, not long after the Greene County victim was found, the states of Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Arkansas and Mississippi requested the Federal Bureau of Investigation for assistance with the cases. There were inconsistencies with some of the victims, as some were found with or without clothing and some had a sexual encounter before their murders. During the conference, it was stated that four victims found in Texas and a victim found in 1981 in Ohio, nicknamed \"Buckskin Girl” (later identified as Marcia King), were ruled out as possible victims in 1985. A possible suspect emerged in the mid-1980s when a 37-year-old trucker attacked and attempted to strangle a woman with reddish hair, but was later dismissed, although he had left her lying near a highway, presuming she was dead. Another suspect was a 32-year-old trucker in Pennsylvania who was questioned after kidnapping and raping a young woman in the state of Indiana before she managed to escape. This suspect was also dismissed, after being questioned by Tennessee police. In 2018, students enrolled in a sociology class at Elizabethton High School studied the case with the aid of their instructor. The class coined the name \"Bible Belt Strangler.\" Furthermore, the information developed by the class was submitted to an FBI profiler. They described the subject as a white male born between 1936 and 1962 (aged between 23 and 49 in 1985) who was likely a commercial trucker frequenting Interstate 40. They estimated his height and weight to be 5'9\"-6'2\" and 180-270 pounds, respectively. His work was likely based in or near the city of Knoxville, Tennessee." ]

[ "Thanh Hóa Bridge The Thanh Hóa Bridge (Vietnamese: Cầu Hàm Rồng, Hàm Rồng Bridge), spanning the Song Ma river, is situated northeast of Thanh Hóa (), the capital of Thanh Hóa Province in Vietnam. The Vietnamese gave it the nickname Hàm Rồng (\"Dragon's Jaw\"). In 1965 during the Vietnam War, it was the objective of many attacks by US Air Force and US Navy aircraft which would fail to destroy the bridge until 1972, even after hundreds of attacks. In their first air combat, a small force of seemingly mismatched MiG-17s inflicted significant losses on much larger and more advanced American F-105 Thunderchief at a cost of 3 of their own, with an F-100 Super Sabre claiming the first probable American kill of the conflict. The encounter led to significant changes in American tactics and training, and a return to dog-fighting in air combat doctrine. Eventually, in 1972, the bridge was destroyed by USAF F-4 Phantoms using laser-guided bombs and US Navy Vought A-7s with advanced and conventional bombs. Originally built by the French during the colonial era in Vietnam, the Thanh Hóa bridge was sabotaged by the Viet Minh in 1945. From 1957, the Vietnamese started rebuilding it. It was a grey metallic construction, resting on a central concrete pier, and on concrete abutments at each extremity. Completed in 1964, and inaugurated by Ho Chi Minh himself, the final bridge was long, wide, and about above the river. Allowing the passage of both road and rail traffic, it was a vital link between different regions of North Vietnam, and when the war started, became a strategic passage for supplies and reinforcements sent to the Viet Cong fighting in South Vietnam. With the beginning of Operation Rolling Thunder (the bombing campaign against random targets in North Vietnam chosen by Lyndon B. Johnson. ), The decision was made in March 1965 to interdict the North Vietnamese rail system, including the Thanh Hóa bridge. The Vietnamese, realizing the importance of the bridge, had set up an impressive air defense network, stationing five air defense regiments in the area. The first — and largest — strike package to be sent against the bridge was codenamed 9-Alpha. Led by Korean War ace Colonel Robinson Risner, it comprised 79 aircraft, including 46 F-105 Thunderchiefs as the main strike force. Other types were 21 F-100 Super Sabres as AAA suppressors to attack ground-based guns, fourteen F-100s acting as MiG CAP (combat air patrol) and two RF-101C Voodoos to do damage assessment, plus ten KC-135 tanker aircraft. The F-100s were based in South Vietnam, while the others were based across Thailand. Flights of four F-105s from Royal Thai Air Force Base (RTAFB) Korat and RTAFB Takhli would be air refueled over the Mekong River, then cross Laos to just south of the bridge. The bombers would continue east until over the Gulf of Tonkin. Launched on April 3, 1965, the attack saw all strike aircraft deliver their payload. Sixteen of the F-105s carried a pair of Bullpup missiles, one under each outer wing pylon. This was an early combat use of early \"smart\" precision guided missiles that were guided by radio and joystick, requiring two passes to launch each of two missiles per plane. Capt. Bill Meyerholt observed as the missile streaked toward the bridge and made a good hit; when smoke cleared,there was no visible damage to the bridge. The warheads merely charred the massive structure. The other F-105s each carried three tons of explosives in the form of eight bombs, more than B-17s had delivered over targets like Berlin. The first wave of bombs drifted due to a strong southwest wind. The last flight, led by Cpt. Carlyle S. \"Smitty\" Harris, scored hits on the roadway and superstructure. After 32 Bullpups and 1200 bombs had decorated the bridge with numerous hits, charring every part, the bridge did not fall, though traffic was stopped for a few hours. This was the only result of the raid, which had cost two aircraft — one F-100 (Lt. George C. Smith flying flak suppression) and one RF-101 — shot down. Risner's Thunderchief was crippled by ground fire but, despite smoke in the cockpit, Risner continued to direct the strike before flying safely back to Da Nang. To meet the raid, the VPAF had sent out two flights of four MiG-17PFs from Noi Bai airbase at 09:47. The original plan was for the first flight to act as a decoy. The second flight never reached the strike force, as flight leader Pham Ngoc Lan spotted F-8E Crusaders from the covering the operation. The metal-finished MiG-17PF, was an all-weather interceptor version of the MiG-17 first flown in 1951. Armed with three 23mm cannons but no missiles, it was a faster upgraded MiG-15 fitted with an afterburning engine, and a radar-ranging gunsight reverse-engineered from the F-86A (as well as a new, more sharply swept wing to increase its critical Mach number, therefore top speed). By comparison, the American Crusader was a daylight gunfighter capable of speeds of nearly twice the speed of sound, armed with both cannon and Sidewinder missiles. Lan dived to attack at about 1,000 feet, and fired at a range of 700 feet. His gun camera showed a blazing F-8 which he reported had crashed. At 10:15 wingman Lieutenant Phan Van Tuc fired on another F-8, claiming a second victory.", "At 10:15 wingman Lieutenant Phan Van Tuc fired on another F-8, claiming a second victory. Pilots Ho Van Quy and Tran Minh Phuong also opened fire on two F-8s, but were out of gun range. In the VPAF's evaluation, their success was due to proper preparation, using surprise and engaging only in close dogfights. While the US Navy records that all of the Crusaders returned, a plane flown by Lt. Cdr. Spence Thomas was so damaged it diverted to Da Nang and was written off as destroyed upon landing. That could make Lan's attack the first air-to-air kill not only by the VPAF's MiG-17s, but the first air victory of the conflict. The Navy recorded that an A-4 Skyhawk of Lt. Cdr. R. A. Vohden was lost to AAA; Vohden spent the rest of the war as a POW. After his victory, Lan found himself short on fuel. He elected to save his plane by making a hard landing by a riverbed in the Ke Tam valley (Nghệ An Province). He was besieged by locals who expected to find an American pilot until he showed his VPAF badge. The VPAF had nevertheless demonstrated the ability to engage modern US fighters, and afterwards recognized April 3 as Air Force Day. On the American side, the failure to drop any spans led to a new attack scheduled for the next day; it was expected by VPAF commanders. This time, eighty planes were engaged, including 48 F-105s, carrying only bombs, as the inadequacy of the Bullpup had been fully demonstrated. During 4 April 1965 engagement, a tiny force of eight MiG-17s (half flying as decoys) from the 921st \"Sao Do\" (Red Star) Fighter Regiment (FR) was again given the daunting task of confronting a massive armada of modern American supersonic fighter-bombers. The 46 F-105 Thunderchiefs tasked as fast attack bombers were escorted by a flight of 21 F-100 Super Sabres daylight fighters from the 416th Tactical Fighter Squadron (416th TFS), four Sidewinder-armed for MiGCAP, and seventeen armed with 2.75-inch HVAR to suppress AAA batteries. Each flight was given a call sign. These included \"Steel\", \"Iron\", \"Copper\", \"Moon\", \"Carbon\", \"Zinc\", \"Argon\", \"Graphite\", \"Esso\", \"Mobil\", \"Shell\", and \"Petrol\". \"Cadillac\" flight conducted Bomb Damage Assessment, while the search and rescue included A-1 Skyraiders, call sign \"Sandy\", and HH-3 Jolly Green Giant rescue helicopters, call sign \"Jolly Green.\" The VPAF made ground-based AAA sites the first line of defence, with fighters attacking after ground gunners ceased fire. After taking off at about 10:20, the MiGs would break into decoy and attack flights. The leader was second-in-command Nguyen Van Tien, while Dao Ngo Ngu handled the ground control command. The Americans started with recon flights over Thanh Hóa. Then the attacking jets flew in flights of four. One flight would attack at a time while others circled awaiting their turn. Although, on paper, the F-105 was capable of Mach 2+, when loaded with ordnance under its small wings, it was subsonic and unready to tangle with any fighters that might get past the escorts. Covering the north, in the direction of Hanoi's airfields, escorting F-100s sixty miles north of the Song Chu estuary where the river meets the sea, were to warn of enemy aircraft and if possible to intercept, while four others orbited south of the estuary. The MiG attack came instead from the south, with part angling off toward the west, perhaps to draw away escorts as a decoy. As the MIGCAP F-100s flew south, they spotted MiG-17s flying in from the sea toward the F-105s, and urgently radioed the warning: \"Break off!\" But their warnings weren't heeded due to garbled transmission. The strike aircraft flew on like sitting ducks, unaware of the incoming threat. While North Vietnam had full radar coverage and ground control of their pilots, the short-range, forward-scanning radars in the F-100s didn't spot the MiGs in a part of the sky where they were not expected. The USAF would later use EC-121s to provide full 360 degree radar coverage for strike packages. Coming from clouds above, the MiG-17s tore past the escorts and dove onto the bomb laden Thunderchiefs, Vietnamese flight leader Trần Hanh spotted four F-105Ds at 10:30 starting to drop their bombs, ordering his wingman, Pham Giay, to cover his attack. He fired at 400 meters, observing one F-105, piloted by Major Frank E. Bennett (355th TFW, KIA) fall in flames into the Gulf of Tonkin. The flight leader attempted to recover at Da Nang but had his controls freeze up within sight of the base. Ejecting, he was killed when his parachute failed to open before he struck the water. As the F-105s turned to attack the MiGs, the MiGs split into two groups on the north and south sides of the bridge. Supported by Tran Nguyen Nam, Le Minh Huan downed another F-105D, callsign Zinc 2 piloted by Capt. J. A. Magnusson. He radioed that he was heading for the Gulf if he could maintain control of his aircraft. Magnusson finally bailed out twenty miles away over the Gulf of Tonkin near the island of Hon Me, and was eventually listed as missing and then killed after a 48-hour search.", "Magnusson finally bailed out twenty miles away over the Gulf of Tonkin near the island of Hon Me, and was eventually listed as missing and then killed after a 48-hour search. The USAF confirmed the two F-105 losses during that engagement. The remaining F-105 found himself in the sights of another MiG-17 who he could not shake. In desperation, he tried a snap roll which slowed his plane so that the MiG-17 over-shot him, as his captain had recommended. Finding himself on the MiG's tail, he was too surprised to attempt to shoot down the MiG with his gun. The fortunate pilot was briefed the day before about this maneuver by Captain John Boyd from Nellis Air Force Base, who would later become a significant voice in the design of America's fighter aircraft. After the quick success of downing two American fighters, the outnumbered North Vietnamese defenders faced the remaining F-100s and F-105s now fully alerted to their presence and turning their attention to the MiGs. Tranh Hanh ordered his flight to split into two groups. He and wingman Pham Giay stayed south of the bridge, while Le Minh Huan and Tran Nguyen Nam flew to the north. Three F-100s from the MiGCAP, piloted by LTC Emmett L. Hays, CPT Keith B. Connolly, and CPT Donald W. Kilgus, all from the 416th TFS, engaged the MiG-17s. As the F-100s closed in, they hesitated to fire missiles which might hit their F-105s. The lead F-100 got a locking tone as he fired an IR guided Sidewinder air-to-air missile once he had a clear shot, but it passed above its target, while Connolly and Kilgus engaged with 20mm cannon. Kilgus recognized what was Pham Giay's MiG just after it appeared out of the haze. He dropped his wing tanks and turned into the target that had just made a ninety degree turn to face him. He shook off Tranh Hanh's second MiG which appeared as Giay overshot and missed him. Closing in from behind Giay, Kilgus closed in and pulled up his nose so that the four M39 20mm guns would bear on the target. Lighting his afterburner and using his height advantage, he accelerated and dived after the MiG at 450 knots. Kilgus recognized the Vietnamese pilot was pulling him into a game of chicken as both jets hurtled down toward the waters of the Gulf of Tonkin and the lighter MiG should have been able pull out of a dangerous dive more quickly. Now headed nearly straight down, Kilgus armed his guns and took aim at the spot projected on the glass of his A4 radar-ranging gunsight. While worrying about the rapidly falling altitude, he opened fire at 7,100 feet, observing puffs and sparks coming off Giay's vertical tail fin before losing visual contact as he pulled up, just barely clearing the water. Historian Don McCarthy later concluded he was certain Kilgus brought down the MiG-17. Aviation writer Larry Davis also records that Kilgus' wing man also reported a kill, but it was denied by higher headquarters at 7th Air Force. Although not immediately reported that day, only Kilgus claimed and was credited with a probable kill. Based upon the report, the F-100s had obtained the first US aerial combat victories during the Vietnam War. If confirmed, Kilgus would have made the only air-to-air MiG kill by an F-100 during the conflict., while it was assumed the other MiGs escaped. MiG-17 flight leader and sole survivor Tran Hanh was credited with his confirmed F-105. His own plane narrowly escaped through hard maneuvering, but he lost contact with ground control. Low on fuel, he opted to land at the nearby Ke Tam valley, but was detained by the locals until he produced his VPAF badge. Hanh says that he saw his wingman, Le Minh Huan and Tran Nguyen Nam also shot down by F-105s. Hanh probably confused the escorting F-100s for F-105s. As only one American pilot even claimed a probable kill, his other comrades may have instead collided or been hit by their own AA fire. Nevertheless, in exchange for their significant sacrifice, the North Vietnamese MiG-17s had scored their first confirmed aerial victories in jet-to-jet combat against supersonic fighters. North Vietnamese AAA gunners on the ground were credited with downing a \"Sandy\" A-1H Skyraider, killing Capt. Walter Draeger, and also initially credited with the F-105 of Capt. Carlyle \"Smitty\" Harris, who survived and became one of the earliest American prisoners of war. Later on 15 April 1965, a communist publication interviewed a MiG pilot who had actually shot down Capt. Harris' F-105 rather than ground fire. Harris was classified MIA, but had been actually captured and was imprisoned in Hanoi until 1973. In North Vietnam, MiG-17 flight leader Tran Hanh became a national hero. What in retrospect might seem to be tactical draw after losing all of their defending fighters and three pilots, the action was celebrated as a \"glorious victory over US aircraft to ensure the flow of war supplies to the south\". For their part, anti-aircraft gunners received the Victory Order and the Military Exploit Order. On the 45th anniversary of the battle in 2010, Vietnam celebrated the downing of 47 US aircraft of the 454 sorties over two days that dropped 350 bombs on and around the bridge, calling it \"the symbol of the Vietnamese people's will to defend their country...the Great Spring Victory to liberate the South and reunify the country.\"", "On the 45th anniversary of the battle in 2010, Vietnam celebrated the downing of 47 US aircraft of the 454 sorties over two days that dropped 350 bombs on and around the bridge, calling it \"the symbol of the Vietnamese people's will to defend their country...the Great Spring Victory to liberate the South and reunify the country.\" The raid had been carried out with great precision, but despite having been hit by more than 300 bombs, the Thanh Hóa bridge still stood. As minor damage caused the circulation to be interrupted for a few days, it was seen as a modest success that had cost the US Air Force three F-105s. But U.S. Air Force chief of staff General John P. McConnell, was \"hopping mad\" to hear that two of America's most advanced F-105 Thunderchiefs had been shot down by slow, elderly left-over MIGs of the tiny 36-jet North Vietnamese air force. The subsonic MiG-17s had been in service for over twelve years since 1953, and were barely improved over the original MiG-15s that sparred with F-86 Sabres in dogfights during the Korean War. By contrast, the F-105, which was on the drawing boards as the MiG entered service, was two generations ahead (and the escorting F-100s one generation ahead). The F-105 was the USAF's most advanced Mach 2 class fighter bomber, with sophisticated navigation and radar systems which could be armed with Sidewinder missiles and a bombload comparable to World War II bombers. But at slower speeds, the older MiG could outmaneuver any of its adversaries, and at a time when air-to-air missiles were highly unlikely to actually destroy their targets, the cannons of the MiG were much more reliable, and deadly against F-105s, which at the time were vulnerable to hits on systems such as hydraulics. The losses to MiGs resulted in the subsequent replacement of the F-100 Super Sabre escorts with F-4 Phantoms. The incident would start a series of events that would lead to a reassessment of fighters better suited to close-in dogfighting. While the F-105 would finish off its service with a slightly better than even kill-to-loss ratio over MiGs, the large plane had been designed primarily to deliver bombs at low level rather than shoot down other fighters. Its replacement was the even larger Phantom, which had been designed without any guns to fire missiles at stand-off ranges rather than tangle in turning dogfights. This experience would re-introduce the requirement that future fighters would need to be able to mix with MiGs on more equal terms and not just shoot missiles from a distance. This would lead to training programs such as Top Gun. The expensive swing-wing F-111B, which could not dogfight, was dropped in favor of the VFAX, which evolved into the F-14 Tomcat. The USAF would develop its own purpose-built FX supersonic air superiority fighter as the F-15 Eagle along with smaller Teen Series fighters. The new fighters that came on line during the 1970s would dominate American airpower for the remainder of the 20th century and inspire similar Soviet designs. With the establishment of the Route Package system, the Thanh Hóa area was allocated to the US Navy. Between 1965 and 1968, until US President Lyndon B. Johnson temporarily called off air raids against North Vietnam, the bridge was a regular objective for navy Alpha strikes. Different types of aircraft were engaged including A-3 Skywarriors, A-4 Skyhawks, A-6 Intruders, F-4 Phantoms and F-8 Crusaders. Several types of weapons were launched at the bridge including AGM-62 Walleye missiles, but none had the precision and power to destroy it permanently. Several times, traffic over the bridge was interrupted, but every time, the North Vietnamese dutifully repaired the damage. In May 1966, an innovative attack, Operation Carolina Moon, was planned by the US Air Force. A new weapon was to be used: a large magnetic mine, that implemented a new energy mass-focusing concept. The plan was to float the mines down the river, till they reached the bridge, where the magnetic sensors would set off the charges, hopefully wrecking it permanently. The only aircraft with a large enough hold to carry these weapons was the slow-flying C-130 Hercules transport, so the operation was due to take place at night, to reduce its vulnerability. On the night of May 30, a first Hercules dropped five mines. A North Vietnamese prisoner later revealed that 4 of the 5 mines had in fact exploded under the bridge, but not caused any significant damage. However at the time the Americans did not know this, as after-mission reconnaissance had showed the bridge still standing, and a second raid was planned, with a different crew, for the following night. This second attempt turned to disaster: the Hercules was hit during its low-level run and crashed, killing the entire crew. An F-4 engaged in a diversionary attack nearby was also brought down and its crew lost. Between 1968 and 1972, bombing of North Vietnam was discontinued, enabling the North Vietnamese to repair their infrastructures, including the Thanh Hóa bridge. With the communist invasion of South Vietnam in 1972, a new bombing campaign was instituted: Operation Linebacker. On 27 April, twelve Phantoms of the 8th Tactical Fighter Wing, based at Ubon, Thailand attacked the Thanh Hóa Bridge. Eight of their number carried laser-guided bombs.", "Eight of their number carried laser-guided bombs. The raid was carried out without a hitch, and when the dust of the explosions had cleared it became apparent that the bridge had been dislodged from its western abutment, dropping one half into the river. To complete its destruction, a second attack was scheduled for the thirteenth of May when fourteen Phantoms were engaged, with LGBs of up to aimed at the central pillar supporting the bridge. Once again, the attack was successful, and the \"Dragon's jaw\" was rendered completely unusable. The US command, however, was not satisfied, and ordered a final attack on the sixth of October. This time, four U.S. Navy A-7s from VA-82, aboard , successfully delivered 8,000 lbs of high explosives with two planes carrying two Walleyes, while two other carried a further 2,000 lbs in Mk 84 GP bombs. In a simultaneous attack, the center piling on the bridge's west side was hit and broke the span in half. After this, the Thanh Hóa Bridge was considered permanently destroyed and removed from the target list. The North Vietnamese made various claims as to how many planes they shot down, but the US only recognizes the loss of eleven aircraft during attacks against the bridge. However, the concentration of air defense assets also took its toll on passing aircraft and in total an estimated 104 American pilots were shot down over a area around the bridge during the war. The bridge was restored in 1973. As of 2016, the bridge still stands. 873 air sorties were expended against the bridge and it was hit by hundreds of bombs and missiles before finally being destroyed. It became something of a symbol of resistance for the North Vietnamese, and various legends of invincibility were attached to it. For the US planners it became an obsession, and many raids were planned against it despite their unpopularity with the pilots. A cynical rewording of the song the \"Red River Valley\" was sung by fighter pilots, referring to this dangerous target. In his 1976 essay collection, \"Mauve Gloves & Madmen, Clutter and Vine\", Tom Wolfe recounted a rueful story that circulated among Navy pilots who flew sorties against the Thanh Hóa Bridge. In their telling, the Earth consisted of two hemispheres, spring-loaded and held together opposite the hinge by the bridge. When it was destroyed, the story went, the two hemispheres would fly apart, flinging humanity into space. While the first employment of the Bullpup in 1965 proved a disappointment, the ultimate destruction of the bridge finally proved the promise and effectiveness of precision-guided munitions, opening the way to a new era of aerial warfare. The 1965 strikes were the first employment of modern strike packages which were combined and launched against that specific target, leading up to an evolution of air warfare to 1972 with laser-guided munitions, which would later be employed very effectively with minimal losses in Operation Desert Storm in 1991. The shock of losing modern fighters in dogfights in 1965 was a landmark which led to a major shift in fighter design, away from interceptors firing missiles to agile designs capable in short-range air combat." ]

[ "A Stripe for Frazer A Stripe for Frazer is an episode in the British comedy series \"Dad's Army\". It was originally transmitted on Saturday 29 March 1969. It is the only missing episode of Dad's Army to be reconstructed using animation. Frazer is promoted to Lance Corporal, and battles with Jones for further promotion. When Captain Bailey informs Mainwaring that he can make up another lance corporal, Frazer is chosen. Jones and Frazer both try desperately to impress Mainwaring into making them a corporal, and Frazer issues many charge sheets. The episode ends with Frazer breaking into the office with a boat-hook." ]

[ "Smallpeice Trust The Smallpeice Trust is an independent charity that provides programmes to promote engineering careers to young people aged 10 to 18 through residential courses, Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths (STEM) Days, STEM Clubs and STEM Teacher Training Days. Cosby Smallpeice, a pioneering engineer and inventor of the Smallpeice Lathe, founded the Smallpeice Trust, following the stock market flotation of his company Martonair. Dr Smallpeice invested his energy and part of his personal fortune to set up the Trust to ensure that British industry could benefit from his proven design and engineering philosophies “Simplicity in design, economy in production”. The Trust is now governed by an eminent board of non-executive trustees and members from a diverse range of engineering, industry, educational and professional bodies. In the past academic year, The Smallpeice Trust reached out to 17,495 young people through 35 different subsidised 3-5 day residential courses in a range of engineering disciplines, 1-day in-school STEM Days and STEM Clubs. The Smallpeice Trust has also trained 1,280 teachers to enhance their delivery of STEM in the classroom through STEM Teacher Training Days The trust maintains a strong interface with industry, education and professional bodies that help to support, promote and develop the courses. Through these relationships the Trust can also provide tailored or specialised courses. The Smallpeice Trust hosts the Arkwright Scholarships Trust within its offices in Leamington Spa, England. The Smallpeice Trust can now be found on Twitter and Facebook." ]

[ "Trebor Jay Tichenor Trebor Jay Tichenor (January 28, 1940 - February 22, 2014) was a recognized authority on Scott Joplin and the ragtime era. He collected and published others' ragtime piano compositions and composed his own. He authored books about ragtime, and both on his own and as a member of The St. Louis Ragtimers, became a widely known ragtime pianist. Trebor Jay Tichenor was born in St. Louis, Missouri to Dr. Robert and Letitia Tichenor. His first name was formed by reversing the letters in his father's first name. He studied piano from the age of five and was influenced by hearing the ragtime piano playing of his mother in her band, Lettie's Collegiate Syncopators. During the early 1950s, Lou Busch adopted the personality of Joe \"Fingers\" Carr, and made a series of ragtime recordings. These recordings mightily influenced Trebor's interests in the direction of ragtime. According to the noted sources, in the time frame from the mid-1950s to the early 1960s, when Tichenor wasn't acquiring first a high school degree from Country Day School (1958) and then a bachelor of arts from Washington University (1963), he was spending his time acquiring notable collections of original ragtime sheet music and piano rolls and making contact with the active members and legends of the continuing ragtime tradition. By 1960, Tichenor's house had become renowned in the area as a place where one could hear hours of excellent music by both amateur and professional ragtime musicians. He received encouragement to himself become a professional musician. In 1966 he married Jeanette. They had two children, Virginia (1966) and Andrew (1969). Jeanette died in 1986. Both children are professional musicians, and Virginia Tichenor is a professional ragtime musician. In December 2013, Trebor Tichenor suffered a massive cerebral hemorrhage that left him debilitated and hospitalized. While in the process of recovery he died at LaClede Groves Rehabilitation Center on the afternoon of February 22, 2014, at age 74. In the Fall of 1961 and with three other musicians, Al Stricker (voice, banjo), Don Franz (tuba), and Bill Mason (trumpet), Tichenor formed the ragtime group known as the St. Louis Ragtimers, still performing in 2010. They performed on the weekends in Gaslight Square during the first half of the 1960s. Starting in 1965, the St. Louis Ragtimers began to perform on the Goldenrod Showboat. According to Terry Waldo, the Ragtimers' forte is the performance of folk ragtime and ragtime songs which reflect the spirit and humor of the ragtime era. The tables at the end of this article show that Tichenor has regularly recorded ragtime music, both solo and with others, during a period of over 52 years, starting in 1962. For decades, Tichenor and the St. Louis Ragtimers have appeared at various early jazz and ragtime festivals throughout the United States, notably the Scott Joplin International Ragtime Festival and the West Coast Ragtime Festival. Tichenor was an acknowledged expert on aspects of ragtime and the ragtime era. He co-founded and co-edited the \"Ragtime Review\" in 1961. He co-authored an article on ragtime piano rolls. Various authors have noted that he had either the largest collection of ragtime piano rolls in the world, or one of them. In addition, he often made his significant collection of ragtime piano sheet music available, e.g., as in the publication of a definitive, two-volume set of Scott Joplin's collected rags. His relatively early conversations with ragtime figures such as Bob Darch and Arthur Marshall have led to discoveries in the history of ragtime. Attendant on the film The Sting, popular interest in ragtime was powerfully renewed. During his performance years at the Showboat Goldenrod, Tichenor did a brief stint around 1971 at community radio station KDNA-FM, St. Louis. In a one-hour weekly program, he introduced the radio audience to the history of ragtime. He contributed two volumes of a total of 127 rags which gave a broader perspective on the kind and quality of ragtime piano music of the years between 1897 and 1917. \"Ragtime Rarities\" was published in 1975, \"Ragtime Rediscoveries\" in 1979. With David A. Jasen, in 1978 Tichenor published a widely read compendium \"Rags and Ragtime: A Musical History\". Tichenor has also written a number of short articles for various ragtime publications under the topics ragtime history, ragtime figures, and ragtime piano repertory. Finally, he has himself been the subject of various short articles as well as bibliographical citations. Tichenor had the weekly radio program \"Ragophile\" in St. Louis from 1973-1987. He taught the Ragtime course for many years as a Lecturer in Music at Washington University. Tichenor began composing his own brand of country ragtime, completing about 2 dozen of them in a 25-year period. He was an acknowledged exponent of this folk ragtime. His three folios of rags are noted at the end of the article." ]

[ "Richard Hirsch Richard A. Hirsch (born 1944) is an American abstract ceramic sculptor. He received a BS in art education from the State University of New York at New Paltz in 1956, an MFA in ceramics from the Rochester Institute of Technology's School for American Craftsmen in 1971 and an honorary Ph.D. from National Taiwan University of Arts in 2008. He taught at Nazareth College (New York), Sault College (Ontario, Canada), Boston University and at the Rochester Institute of Technology, where he currently holds the title of professor emeritus, College of Art and Design. Hirsch studied ancient Latin American and Chinese cultures, as well as traditional Japanese raku. \"Ceremonial Cup #14\", in the collection of the Honolulu Museum of Art, demonstrates how the artist combined the form of a Shang dynasty tripod vessel with a raku ware surface. The Art Gallery of Greater Victoria (Victoria, British Columbia, Canada), the Benaki Museum (Athens, Greece), the Boca Raton Museum of Art (Boca Raton, Florida), the Burchfield Penney Art Center (Buffalo, New York), the Carnegie Museum of Art (Pittsburg, Pennsylvania), the China Art Academy Museum (Hangzhou, China)], the Daum Museum of Contemporary Art (Sedalia, Missouri), the Everson Museum of Art (Syracuse, New York), the Fuller Craft Museum (Brockton, Massachusetts), the Gardiner Museum (Toronto, Ontario, Canada), the High Museum of Art (Atlanta, Georgia), the Honolulu Museum of Art, the lcheon World Ceramic Center (Gyeonggi-do, South, Korea), the Memorial Art Gallery (Rochester, New York), the Mint Museum (Charlotte, North Carolina), the Museum of Arts and Design (New York City), the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. The National Museum of Art (Riga, Latvia), the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art (Kansas City, Missouri), the New Orleans Museum of Art, the Nora Eccles Harrison Museum of Art (Logan, Utah), the Ohi Museum (Kanazawa, Japan), the Racine Art Museum (Racine, Wisconsin), the Sørlandets Art Museum (Kristiansand, Norway) and the Yingge Ceramics Museum (Taipei, Taiwan) are among the public collections holding work by Richard A. Hirsch." ]

[ "Burton Blumert Burton S. Blumert (; February 11, 1929 – March 30, 2009) was the president of the Center for Libertarian Studies in Burlingame, California, co-founder and chairman of the Mises Institute, and the publisher of LewRockwell.com. In a career that spanned almost 50 years until his retirement in 2008, he bought and sold precious metals as the proprietor of Camino Coin Company. Educated at New York University, Blumert had a series of draft deferments and then enlisted in the United States Air Force during the Korean War era. From 1959 until 2008, Blumert operated the Camino Coin Company, dealing in bullion and coins. Upon retirement he gave the company to a long-time employee. After retiring, Blumert remained an active discussant of commodities topics in the media. Blumert was Jewish. In a 2008 interview he credited his experience in the coin industry as spurring him to adopt a libertarian political philosophy and to support fellow gold advocate Ron Paul. In 1988, Blumert was chairman of Ron Paul's first presidential campaign. Blumert was a close friend and supporter of the late Murray Rothbard, with whom he founded the Center for Libertarian Studies in 1975. As president of the Center for Libertarian Studies, Blumert published the \"Journal of Libertarian Studies\", the \"Austrian Economics Newsletter\", and the \"Rothbard-Rockwell Report\". Blumert served as chairman of the Ludwig von Mises Institute and was publisher of \"LewRockwell.com\" (LRC). In his often humorous contributions to LRC, he positioned himself as anti-Rudy Giuliani, pro-Barry Bonds, and skeptical of the medical establishment. A selection of Blumert's essays were collected into the 2008 book, \"Bagels, Barry Bonds, and Rotten Politicians\", for which Lew Rockwell provided a foreword. Blumert was a critic of neoconservatism and praised Ron Paul for keeping the libertarian movement focused on Austrian economics, honest money, and non-intervention." ]

[ "39 Pounds of Love 39 Pounds of Love is a film written and directed by Dani Menkin, with co-writer, Ilan Heitner. It stars Ami Ankilewitz, a 34-year-old Israeli 3D animator who lived with Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA). The documentary centers on his journey across the United States by motorhome to find the doctor who told his mother when he was born that he would not live past the age of 6. The title refers to the fact that Ankilewitz weighed only 39 pounds during his cross-country trip due to the rare form of SMA/2 that he was born with. Even though he could not move any part of his body except for one finger, he was still determined to use that finger to create 3D animations and live his life as he would if he had not suffered from SMA. \"39 Pounds of Love\" was officially released on April 5, 2005 and was re-released on DVD on October 6, 2009. \"39 Pounds of Love\" won Best Documentary at both the Tahoe/Reno and Palm Beach Film Festivals, and won the Audience Award at both the Tallgrass and Boston Jewish Film Festival. The film was also placed on the Oscar short list for the Best Documentary Feature category in 2005. \"39 Pounds of Love\" follows Ankilewitz on his journey across the United States with his best friend and caretaker, Asaf. The film also includes Ankilewitz's brother, Oscar, and his mother, Helena. The documentary was produced by Asfur, Hilla Medalia and Daniel J. Chalfen, and was both written and directed by Dani Menkin, with co-writer, Ilan Heitner. The animations in the film were all created by Ankilewitz. Ankilewitz died on September 20, 2009 after battling SMA/2 for 41 years." ]

[ "British Motor Museum The British Motor Museum, is the World's largest collection of historic British cars in Warwickshire, England. There are over 300 Classic cars on display from the British Motor Industry Heritage Trust and the Jaguar Heritage Trust. The collection, now cared for by the British Motor Industry Heritage Trust, was developed in the 1970s when a new division of the British Leyland Motor Corporation (BLMC) was formed to preserve and manage the company's collection of historic vehicles. In 1979, the company became BL Heritage Limited, adopting a new headquarters at Studley, Warwickshire. Two years later, a museum was opened at the London Transport Museum's former home of Syon Park, west of London, where some 100 vehicles from the collection were put on display. During the early 1980s, closer ties were made with other British motor manufacturers. In 1983, the collection was granted charitable status, and became the British Motor Industry Heritage Trust, and although there were now several manufacturers involved, the collection still carried a large bias towards the former British Leyland companies. Austin-Rover continued as the primary backer of the Trust, and gradually the other companies withdrew their support. Meanwhile, the collection continued to grow. In the late 1980s, it became evident that larger premises would be required as the collection developed. Several new sites were considered for a purpose built museum. The present location was chosen, on the site of the former RAF Gaydon airfield in South Warwickshire, which was home to the Rover Group's design, technology and testing ground. Plans were drawn up and construction began in 1991 for the new Heritage Motor Centre. Set in of grounds, the centre brought together all of the Trust's operations for the first time, providing exhibition and storage space for the collection of over 250 vehicles and archive of over 2 million photographs, business records, brochures and drawings. The site also includes conference facilities. When Rover Group was taken over by BMW in 1994, the British Motor Museum came under their ownership. Six years later, BMW sold the Rover Group, which meant that the Centre changed hands yet again, this time under the ownership of the Ford Motor Company. This latest change of ownership means that the Trust now had the opportunity to expand its collection to include all of the companies that have formed part of Britain's motor manufacturing history. Following Jaguar's decision to close their Jaguar Daimler Heritage Centre, a small selection of the Jaguar Daimler Heritage Collection has been on display at the Museum. In November 2015 the Heritage Motor Centre closed for a £1.1 million refurbishment, and reopened on 13 February 2016 under the new name of British Motor Museum. This is not an exhaustive list — a complete list is provided on the centre's website. Due to space limitations, not all cars are exhibited at all times. The British Motor Museum offers a research and registry service for several British car marques. For a small fee, owners may send in their Vehicle Identification Number (VIN - aka chassis number) and/or engine numbers, and they will research the original production records for that vehicle and send back whatever information on the vehicle is available. This is a 'Certified Copy of a Factory Record' or more commonly known as a Heritage Certificate. This can include such details as a list of the options the car was ordered with, the original paint colour and any identification numbers that may be missing. This can be useful when applying for tax exemption or to obtain an age-related Registration Mark." ]

[ "North American Bird Phenology Program The North American Bird Phenology Program houses a unique and largely forgotten collection of six million Migration Observer Cards that illuminate migration patterns and population status of the birds of North America. These handwritten cards contain almost all of what was known of bird distribution and natural history from the latter part of the 19th century through World War II. The bulk of the records are the result of the work of a network of observers who recorded migration arrival dates in the spring and fall in a program that, in its heyday, involved 3000 participants. Today, those records are being processed and placed into a modern database for analysis. This information will be used, along with recently collected arrival times of migrant birds, and in conjunction with historical weather data, to examine how bird migration is being affected by climate change. The information from this analysis will provide critical information on bird distribution, migration timing and migration pathways and how they are changing. There is no other program that has this depth of information that can help us understand the effect that global climate change has on bird populations across the continent. The program began in 1881 by Wells W. Cooke, who wanted to broaden knowledge and understanding of bird migration. While teaching on the White Earth Indian Reservation in Minnesota, Cooke began noting the arrival dates of migratory birds. He later coordinated volunteers throughout the Mississippi Flyway to collect arrival and departure data. His success sparked the interest of the newly formed American Ornithologists' Union (AOU), who convened a committee on the distribution and migration of birds and chose C. Hart Merriam to be its chief. The AOU expanded the volunteer network to include the entire United States, Canada, and a portion of the West Indies. The program outgrew the capabilities of the AOU and was then passed, in the late 1880s, to the Division of Economic Ornithology where it reached its greatest extent of 3000 volunteers. The Division of Economic Ornithology would later become the Bureau of Biological Survey and eventually lead to the creation of the US Fish and Wildlife Service. Although the program was actively maintained by the Federal Government, participation gradually declined and, in 1970, the program was closed. For many years since, these records have been kept safe by the United States Geological Survey (USGS). Wells W. Cooke, son of Reverend Elisha Woodbridge Cook and Martha Miranda (Smith) Cook, was born on January 25, 1858, in Haydenville, Massachusetts. The 5th of nine children and eldest boy, Cooke developed an interest in natural history at the age of 12, when he received his first gun. He was known to collect bird specimens from his neighborhood and surrounding area. Cooke went on to receive an A.B. and A.M. degree from Ripon College. After his marriage to Carrie Amy Raymond in 1879, Cooke became a teacher in Indian schools and secondary schools in Minnesota. It was here, in Minnesota, that Cooke first began documenting arrival dates and began what is now the BPP. Notably, Wells Cooke, became a member of the newly formed American Ornithologist’s Union in 1884, elected in part due to papers he published while teaching in the Mississippi Valley. In 1885, Cooke became a Professor, and over a 16 year period was associated with three colleges: the University of Vermont, the Agricultural College of Colorado, and the state College of Pennsylvania. Cooke also began an appointment with the Biological Survey in the U.S. Department of Agriculture in 1901 which lasted for 15 years, in which he published many publications on bird migration and distribution. Wells W. Cooke contributed in countless ways to the field of ornithology. He was the most eminent biologist on bird migration and distribution of his time. Chandler \"Chan\" Robbins was one of the last coordinators of the BPP before it stopped accepting migration records in 1970. He is a lifelong birder and casts a long shadow in the birding world. In an interview conducted by Sam Droege, Chan talks about the history of the BPP, how it began, who ran the program and why it came to a close. The Bird Phenology Program office is located at Patuxent Wildlife Research Center in Beltsville, MD. To contact us, Phone: (301) 497-5745 Physical Address: United States Geological Survey Patuxent Wildlife Research Center BARC-East, Bldg. 308- RM 105 Mailing Address: Patuxent Wildlife Research Center BARC-East, Bldg. 308- RM 105 10300 Baltimore Avenue Beltsville, MD 20705" ]

[ "Félix-Henri Giacomotti Félix-Henri Giacomotti (19 November 1828, Quingey – 10 May 1909, Besançon) was a French painter and muralist of Italian ancestry who specialized in historical and religious works. His parents were from Italy and he became a naturalized French citizen in 1849. His first studies were at the art school in Besançon. He also took private lessons from , who encouraged him to enter the École des Beaux-Arts. In 1850, he enrolled there and worked in the studios of François-Édouard Picot. In 1854, he was awarded the Prix de Rome in history painting for his depiction of Abraham washing the feet of his three angelic visitors. He lived at the Villa Medici in from 1855 to 1860 and studied at the French Academy in Rome with Jean-Victor Schnetz. Upon returning, he held his first exhibit at the Salon and continued to exhibit annually until his death. He was given numerous commissions, including murals for the ceiling of the Musée du Luxembourg and a depiction of the Holy Family at rest in the north transept of the Church of Notre-Dame-des-Champs. His rendition of Saint Martin sharing his cloak may be seen in the Church of Quingey. It is said that the Mayor served as the model for Saint Martin. Later, he was appointed Director of the municipal school of fine arts in Besançon and Curator of the Museum of Fine Arts and Archaeology; a position he held for life. Following his marriage to a woman from Étampes, he became a conservator at the museum there. In 1867, he was named a Knight of the Légion d’Honneur. Although best known for his historical and religious paintings, he also did numerous nudes in the style of his friend, William Bouguereau. During the troubles of the 1870s, he supported himself by painting portraits. A major retrospective of his work was held in 2005." ]

[ "Boston University Academy Boston University Academy (BUA) is a private high school operated by Boston University. Founded in 1993 and located on the Boston University campus, the Academy is geared toward college preparatory work. As part of its integration with the university, students are able to take college courses for credit their junior and senior years, and are guaranteed acceptance to Boston University upon maintaining a 3.0 grade point average in Boston University courses. BUA's student body is drawn from 62 communities. 47% come from public schools, 42% from independent schools, 4% from parochial schools and 7% are from home schools or international schools. 50% are students of color and 46% of students come from multilingual households (representing 25 languages). BUA provides need-based tuition assistance to approximately 33% of the students as of the 2017–2018 academic year. BU Academy student SAT scores are consistently high: Its reported average SAT score in 2013 of 2148 was among the highest of any public or private high school in Massachusetts. Nearly 100% (38 of 39 members) of its graduating class of 2012 were National Merit Commended Scholars. (National Merit Commended Scholars generally score in the top 2% of all PSAT/NMSQT test-takers.) The focus of the school, however, is not on standardized test taking or college admission. Rather, the school seeks to introduce its students to the rich western tradition while giving a solid background in academics. The Academy is accredited by the New England Association of Schools and Colleges and is a member of both the Secondary School Admission Test Board and the Association of Independent Schools of New England. Boston University Academy was proposed and founded in 1993 by Peter Schweich, then the vice president of Boston University, and authorized by John Silber, then the president of Boston University. Peter Schweich was its first headmaster, and served in that role until 1999, when he was succeeded by interim head of school Dr. Jennifer Bond Hickman. Dr. James Tracy replaced Hickman and served until the spring of 2006, when he was replaced by Dr. James Berkman. On August 21, 2014, Berkman announced that he would retire after the 2014–2015 academic year. On November 14, 2014, Provost Jean Morrison announced the appointment of Dr. Ari Betof to replace Berkman effective July 1, 2015. On July 10, 2018, Boston University announced the departure of Dr. Betof following an allegation of sexual misconduct. Following his departure, Dr. Rosemary White succeeded him as interim head of school, effective immediately. When BU Academy was founded, it covered grades 9-12; an 8th grade of approximately 20 students was added in 1999. The 8th grade was dropped in 2005. Tuition and fees for 2018-2018 is $. Thirty-six percent of students receive need based financial aid. The average financial aid award is $. Financial aid awards range from $ to $. The average income of families that receive financial aid is $." ]

[ "Nepal national cricket team The Nepal national cricket team () is the team that represents the country of Nepal and is governed by the Cricket Association of Nepal (CAN). They have been an Associate Member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) since 1996. Nepal were awarded Twenty20 International (T20I) status by the ICC in June 2014 until the 2015 ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier On 15 March 2018, Nepal gained One Day International (ODI) status for the first time (and regained Twenty20 International status), after winning the first playoff match in the 2018 Cricket World Cup Qualifier. Nepal made their maiden appearance in the ICC global event at the 2014 ICC World Twenty20 in Bangladesh. They have been participating in international matches since 1996, including every ACC Trophy tournaments except 2015 ACC Twenty20 Cup in UAE, where they didn't participate. Nepal also participated in ICC World Cup Qualifier in 2001 2014 and 2018, ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier in 2012, 2013 and 2015, ICC Intercontinental Cup in 2004 and 2005, ACC Fast Track Countries Tournament in 2004, 2005 and 2006, ACC Twenty20 Cup in 2007, 2009, 2011 and 2013, Asian Games in 2010 and 2014 and ACC Premier League in 2014. Unlike some other smaller cricketing nations, where teams are largely made up of expatriates, Nepal's national team comprises indigenous players who have usually come through the ranks playing age-group cricket. On 15 March 2018 Nepal claimed One Day International (ODI) status for the first time with a win over Papua New Guinea in the 2018 Cricket World Cup Qualifier 9th place play off encounter. In April 2018, the ICC decided to grant full Twenty20 International (T20I) status to all its members. Therefore, all Twenty20 matches played between Nepal and other ICC members after 1 January 2019 will be a full T20I. According to the book History of Nepal written by Daniel Wright page number 74 writer has stated, \"\"Attemps have been made at various time by their tutors to get the young men to play cricket and other games, but much amusement are tought degarding\"\". This statement was stated in 1877 A.D. So the history of cricket is as old as since 1877 AD. This information were collected by nepali writer and historian Saurabh in his book \"Asahamati\". At the time cricket was considered a \"Gentleman Sport\" so involvement was limited mainly to the ruling Rana family and other members of the Nepali elite. In 1946, the Cricket Association of Nepal was formed to promote cricket amongst the aristocracy. After the introduction of democracy through the Revolution of 1951, cricket began to spread to the rest of the population. In 1961, in an effort to promote cricket to the whole of Nepal, the Cricket Association of Nepal became part of the National Sports Council. Nevertheless, the National games tended to be limited to Kathmandu until the 1980s. Improvements to communications and transport infrastructure in Nepal allowed the game to expand outside Kathmandu in the 1980s and Nepal became an Affiliate Member of the International Cricket Council in 1988. A major development programme was begun in the early 1990s, which saw regional and district tournaments being established and the increased promotion of cricket in schools. The local population's interest in cricket increased quickly, and the demand to play was such that restrictions had to be placed on the number teams in several tournaments until more facilities could be built in the mid-1990s. Nepal became an Associate Member of the International Cricket Council in 1996, which was the year the national side played for the first time in the 1996 ACC Trophy in Kuala Lumpur. Nepal finished fourth out of six teams in their first round group, beating Brunei and Japan. By 1998, the facilities in Nepal had improved sufficiently to allow them to host that year's ACC Trophy at grounds in Lalitpur and Kirtipur (at TU Cricket Ground) and Kathmandu. Nepal themselves were unsuccessful in the tournament, going without a win. Currently, the country has one of the best fan followings among ICC Associate Members, but it does not have an active governing body as a result of the Cricket Association of Nepal (CAN) being suspended by International Cricket Council (ICC) due to unnecessary government interference. On 28 June 2014, the ICC awarded T20I status to Nepal, who took part and performed exceptionally well in the 2014 ICC World Twenty20. Nepal had already played three T20I matches before gaining the status, as the ICC had earlier announced that all matches at the 2014 ICC World Twenty20 would have T20I status. Nepal lost the status in July 2015, after failing to qualify for the 2016 ICC World Twenty20. Nepal played their first ever Twenty20 International series against Hong Kong in November 2014 in Sri Lanka. Initially the series was scheduled for three matches but only one match was played because of continuous rain and poor ground conditions. Nepal lost the match but Sompal Kami put in impressive performance by scoring 40 off 31 balls, coming in at No. 10. This is a world-record for the highest score made by a batsman at that position. Nepal played their second Twenty20 International series against the Netherlands from 30 June to 3 July 2015. Nepal lost the 4 match series 3–1. Paras Khadka was named the player of the series. In 2000, Nepal's youth development policy began to pay off when the Nepal national under-19 cricket team finished eighth in the Under-19 World Cup.", "In 2000, Nepal's youth development policy began to pay off when the Nepal national under-19 cricket team finished eighth in the Under-19 World Cup. The senior side had their best performance to date later in the year when they reached the semi-finals of the 2000 ACC Trophy before losing to Hong Kong at Sharjah. They competed in the ICC Trophy for the first time the following year. In the tournament in Ontario, they beat Germany and Gibraltar, but a loss to eventual runners-up Namibia prevented them from progressing past the first round. Nepal were runners-up to the UAE in the 2002 ACC Trophy in Singapore and they hosted the ACC Emerging Nations Tournament in 2003, winning easily against Bhutan and the Maldives. They won so comprehensively that they were not invited back to the tournament the next time it was played in 2005. Raju Khadka became the first Nepalese cricketer to score an international century, when he slammed an unbeaten 105 off just 50 balls against Bhutan in the tournament. Nepal played first-class cricket for the first time in 2004, playing in the ICC Intercontinental Cup against the UAE and Malaysia. They beat Malaysia, but drew with the UAE, failing to reach the semi-final stage. Nepal finished third in the 2004 ACC Fast Track Countries Tournament, which qualified them for the 2005 ICC Intercontinental Cup, and finished 5th in the 2004 ACC Trophy, which qualified them for the repêchage tournament of the 2005 ICC Trophy. They finished third in this tournament after beating Qatar in a play-off, meaning that they did not qualify for the 2005 ICC Trophy. Shakti Gauchan scored a century against Italy and stayed unbeaten on 106 off 103 balls in the tournament. They beat the UAE and drew with Hong Kong in the 2005 ICC Intercontinental Cup, but missed out on qualification for the semi-finals by half a point. They were runners-up to the UAE in the 2005 ACC Fast Track Countries Tournament. In March 2006, Nepal played Namibia in Windhoek in a play-off match to decide the final team in the 2006 ICC Intercontinental Cup. Nepal needed to win outright to qualify for the main tournament, but the match was drawn after there was no play on the first day. Later in the year, they toured Pakistan, playing against the Pakistan Cricket Academy before playing in the 2006 ACC Trophy in Kuala Lumpur. In the 2006 ACC Trophy, Nepal bowled Myanmar out for just 10 off 12.1 overs after Nepal won the toss and sent Myanmar in; no batsman scored more than one, the innings included five ducks, and extras top scored with five (three leg byes and two wides). Mehboob Alam and Binod Das picked up seven wickets and three wickets respectively. In reply, Nepal hit three off the first ball, followed by three wides that went for five, and then hit another three from the second legitimate delivery to win by ten wickets. Some critics called it the greatest mismatch in the history of international cricket and the score of 10 is the lowest in any level of men's international cricket. They finished fourth in the tournament after losing to Afghanistan in a play-off. They won the ACC Premier League in 2006. They played in the 2007 ACC Twenty20 Cup in Kuwait, where they finished fourth in their first round group. In May 2008, Nepal traveled to Jersey to play in 2008 ICC World Cricket League Division Five of the World Cricket League. Mehboob Alam set the world record by taking all ten wickets in the match against Mozambique. He got his name in the Guinness World Records for becoming the first bowler to take all 10 wickets in an ICC international cricket match with limited overs. Nepal topped Group A after the group qualifying matches but lost to Afghanistan in the semi-final and finished third overall after defeating the USA in the playoff for third place. With only the top two from this tournament qualifying for 2008 ICC World Cricket League Division Four in Tanzania later in the year, Nepal missed out on the chance to take their 2011 World Cup dream any further. Later, Nepal appeared in the 2008 ACC Trophy Elite and finished fourth after losing to the UAE in the semi-final and to Afghanistan in the playoff for third place. Nepal finished fifth in the 2009 ACC Twenty20 Cup after beating Singapore by 9 wickets in the playoff for fifth place. In a group match against Kuwait, Nepal needed 7 runs off the last ball to win. Binod Bhandari, making his debut for the national team, hit a last-ball six to tie the match. Eventually Nepal won the match in bowl-out. Nepal won their first major tournament, beating USA in the final of 2010 ICC World Cricket League Division Five held at Kathmandu in February 2010. Sharad Vesawkar scored a century and stayed unbeaten on 105 off 134 balls against Fiji in the tournament. Nepal played very well in 2010 ACC Trophy Elite, winning all the matches in group stage and beating Malaysia in the semi-final by 8 runs but lost the final against an ODI team Afghanistan by 95 runs and finished runners-up. Nepal came third in 2010 ICC World Cricket League Division Four, thus remaining in Division Four for 2012 ICC World Cricket League Division Four. In November, Nepal appeared in 2010 Asian Games and lost against Sri Lanka in the quarter-final. It was the first match Nepal had played against a Full Member nation. In December 2011, Nepal hosted the 2011 ACC Twenty20 Cup and finished fourth, thereby qualifying for the 2012 ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier.", "In December 2011, Nepal hosted the 2011 ACC Twenty20 Cup and finished fourth, thereby qualifying for the 2012 ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier. Nepal finished seventh in the 2012 ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier after defeating Kenya and Papua New Guinea in play-offs. Shakti Gauchan took the first international hat-trick for Nepal against Denmark in the tournament. In September 2012, Nepal appeared in 2012 ICC World Cricket League Division Four, where Subash Khakurel and Anil Mandal both scored century. Subash Khakurel scored 115 off 142 balls against United States and Anil Mandal scored 113 off 134 balls against Denmark. In a match against Malaysia, Shakti Gauchan set up Nepal's convincing victory with a new record. The left-arm orthodox spinner's figures of 10–8–2–3 is the best economical bowling spell ever in limited over encounters. Nepal won all the six matches of the tournament and progressed to 2013 ICC World Cricket League Division Three. Nepalese players won man of the match awards in all the six matches Nepal played and Basanta Regmi won the player of the tournament award after taking a total of 21 wickets in the tournament. In October, Nepal competed in 2012 ACC Trophy Elite and had to share the trophy with the UAE after a thrilling tied final in Sharjah Cricket Stadium, UAE on 12 October 2012. UAE posted 241, a target that looked in Nepal's sight after their 94-run opening stand. However, they lost wickets consistently, and eventually needed 12 off the last over with just two wickets in hand. Shakti Gauchan smacked Shadeep Silva's left-arm for a six, but could manage only one run off the last ball, hence ending a splendid final match in a tie. Skipper Paras Khadka scored an unbeaten 106 off just 77 balls against Kuwait, his maiden century for Nepal, in the tournament. Nepal competed in 2013 ACC Twenty20 Cup held at home grounds in Kirtipur and Lalitpur. Nepal easily marched towards the final of the tournament with high class performance from their captain, Paras Khadka, and the team thrashed the UAE by 6 wickets. Nepal had earlier qualified for 2013 ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier, reaching the semi-final of the tournament. Nepal had to be satisfied with runners-up status after losing to an ODI team Afghanistan by 7 wickets. The Nepalese team was supported by a huge fan following throughout this tournament with an average turnout of 15,000 – 20,000 (about 25,000 in the semi-final and final) during their matches while hundreds of thousands watched live on television – undoubtedly the largest public support outside the Test-playing nations. Nepal won the 2013 ICC World Cricket League Division Three held in Bermuda and qualified for the 2014 World Cup Qualifier. Nepal also played in 2013 ACC Emerging Teams Cup, where under-23 age level teams of the four Test nations – Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka took part along with the UAE, Afghanistan and the hosts Singapore. Nepal finished third in 2013 ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier held in UAE and qualified for the 2014 ICC World Twenty20, defeating Hong Kong off the last ball of the thrilling quarter-final. Nepal missed out on qualification for the 2015 World Cup, finishing ninth in the 2014 World Cup Qualifier in New Zealand in January. Nepal were the best of the three associate teams on display in Group A of the 2014 ICC World Twenty20. They comprehensively beat Hong Kong, held their own with the bat against Bangladesh and pulled off a strong win against Afghanistan, their first since 2004 in any format against their old rivals. Nepal's bowlers did not bowl a single wide or no ball throughout the tournament. Nepal were also the only team to not concede 140 in an innings in the tournament. Nepal finished third in the 2014 ACC Premier League, where they beat ODI teams UAE and Hong Kong, and qualified for the 2014 ACC Championship. In September, Nepal participated in the 2014 Asian Games but failed to qualify beyond quarter-finals. Nepal won the 2014 ICC World Cricket League Division Three held in Malaysia and qualified for the 2015 ICC World Cricket League Division Two. Gyanendra Malla scored his maiden century, 114 off 125 balls, against Singapore in the tournament. In November, Nepal toured Sri Lanka, as Sri Lanka Cricket approved a request from the Asian Cricket Council to support the region's Non-Test playing countries, where they played two three-day matches against Sri Lanka Cricket Combined XI. and a Twenty20 International series against Hong Kong. Nepal finished fourth in the 2015 ICC World Cricket League Division Two in Namibia and qualified for the 2015–17 ICC World Cricket League Championship. But Nepal failed to secure promotion to Division One and qualification to 2015–17 ICC Intercontinental Cup after finishing third in the round-robin stage. Basanta Regmi became the first bowler to take 100 wickets in the World Cricket League. He achieved this feat after taking 2 wickets against Netherlands in the tournament. On 11 April 2015, Nepal hosted a 63-over (31.3 overs per side) tribute match in honour of the Australian cricketer Phillip Hughes who was batting on 63 when he was struck by a bouncer. The match was played at the TU Cricket Ground, Kirtipur between Team Red, combined of players of Nepal and Australia and Team Blue, composed of all Nepalese players. In June, Nepal toured Netherlands to play a Twenty20 International series against the home team. Then Nepal appeared in the 2015 ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier held in Ireland and Scotland, where the team finished seventh in the Group A, thus failing to qualify for the second consecutive ICC World Twenty20.", "Then Nepal appeared in the 2015 ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier held in Ireland and Scotland, where the team finished seventh in the Group A, thus failing to qualify for the second consecutive ICC World Twenty20. Nepal finished second in 2018 ICC World Cricket League Division Two to earn a place in the 2018 Cricket World Cup Qualifier. On March 15, Nepal claimed One Day International (ODI) status for the first time with their win over Papua New Guinea in the 2018 Cricket World Cup Qualifier 9th place play off encounter. Due to gaining ODI status, Nepal also regained Twenty20 International (T20I) status. After gaining ODI status, Nepal's captain at the Cricket World Cup Qualifier, Paras Khadka, said that they want to gain Test status, which he believes will take between eight and ten years to achieve. Nepal have since played 3 ODI matches 2 against Netherlands and 1 against UAE with a win percentage of 33.3%. International Match Summary – Nepal ODI record versus other nations \"Records complete to ODI #4034. Last updated 30 August 2018.\" Most ODI runs for Nepal Most ODI wickets for Nepal T20I record versus other nations \"Records complete to T20I #691. Last updated 29 July 2018.\" Most T20I runs for Nepal Most T20I wickets for Nepal The following list contains players contracted by Cricket Association of Nepal for year 2015. This lists all the players who have played for Nepal in the past 12 months and the forms in which they have played. Correct as of 15 March 2018. Key" ]

[ "Nexus (ensemble) Nexus is a Toronto-based percussion ensemble that performs standard percussion ensemble repertoire, ragtime music, world music, contemporary classical music and as a group, has performed as soloist with some of the top orchestras around the world. The ensemble was originally made up of percussionists Bob Becker, Bill Cahn, Robin Engelman, Russell Hartenberger, John Wyre and Michael Craden. Founding member Michael Craden died of liver cancer in 1982. John Wyre died in 2006 and was replaced by long-time professional colleague Garry Kvistad. Robin Engelman resigned from the group in December 2009 due to vision difficulties and died on February 26, 2016. The group formed in 1971 and debuted with a concert of entirely improvised music. In the mid-1970s the group recorded two albums with New Age music pioneer Paul Horn: \"Paul Horn and Nexus\" (1975) and \"Altura Do Sol\" (1976). Nexus played on the soundtrack of the 1974 film \"The Man Who Skied Down Everest\", and appeared in the 1975 National Film Board movie \"Musicanada\". In 1982 the group released \"Nexus and Earle Birney\", a triple-album collaboration with noted Canadian poet Earle Birney. The group recorded an album for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, Dance of the Octopus, in 1990 with harpist Judy Loman. In 1990, Japanese composer Toru Takemitsu wrote a concerto for percussion ensemble and orchestra entitled \"From me flows what you call time\" for the group. Dozens of other composers have written music specifically for Nexus and for individual members of Nexus, and the group's members are also composers and arrangers, writing for Nexus and, on occasion, for others. In addition to their regular concerts, the group also gives masterclasses and educational performances. Russell Hartenberger is a professor emeritus at the University of Toronto's Faculty of Music (Dean, Chair of Graduate Education, and Professor, Percussion). Robin Engelman was also a long-time staff member at the University of Toronto, where he mainly taught and conducted the percussion ensemble and the contemporary music ensemble." ]

[ "Katherine Te Rongokahira Parata Katherine Te Rongokahira Parata (1873–1939) was a New Zealand woman of mana. Of Māori descent, she identified with the Ngāti Pikiao, Ngāti Pūkenga and Te Arawa iwi. She was born in Tauranga, Bay of Plenty, New Zealand in 1873. Albert and Ernie Asher were brothers who played professional rugby league, while her brother John became a Ngati Pukenga and Ngati Pikiao leader. In 1896, she married Taare Parata. Her husband would later be elected as the representative of the Southern Maori electorate; at the time of their wedding, her father-in-law, Tame Parata, was the electorate's current representative. Ned Parata, a rugby union administrator, was her brother-in-law." ]

[ "Johann Julius Hecker Johann Julius Hecker (December 2, 1707 – June 24, 1768) was a German educator who established the first Realschule (practical high school) and Prussia's first teacher-education institution. Hecker was born to a family of educators in Werden, then part of Prussia. As a young man, he formed an interest in theology and was drawn to pietism and the ideas of August Hermann Francke. After completing the gymnasium in Essen, he studied theology, ancient languages, medicine, and natural sciences at the University of Halle. In 1729 he became a teacher in the Francke Pädagogium, teaching every subject, including Latin, Greek, Hebrew, German, religion, history, arithmetic, botany, anatomy, physiology, and chemistry. In 1735, Prussian king Frederick William I appointed Hecker to the position of pastor and school inspector for the Militärwaisenhaus in Potsdam, a home and school for the children and orphans of military personnel. A sermon that Hecker delivered in 1738 so impressed Frederick William that he appointed Hecker to be the first pastor of the new Trinity Church in Berlin, which was consecrated in 1739. In his role as pastor of Trinity Church, Hecker started six four-class elementary schools for education of the local populace. The schools were initially financed from Hecker's personal funds, a school lottery, and private donations. In 1747 he founded the first Realschule, the \"Economic-mathematical Realschule\" in Berlin, in which young people who were not suited for a traditional classical education could obtain a practical education to prepare them for careers in fields such as business, manufacturing, and the fine arts. The school emphasized visual and hands-on instruction, including visits to factories and artisans' workshops, instead of rote learning. In 1748, Hecker established a seminary for the training of teachers, the first such institution in Prussia. Frederick William's son Frederick II (known as Frederick the Great), who became king of Prussia in 1740, was a proponent of Hecker's work. With the king's encouragement, Hecker started a garden near his school. In addition to vegetables, herbs, and fruit trees, the garden included a mulberry plantation for the purpose of silk production. Hecker's educational work was a major influence on the formulation of Prussia's first general school law, issued by Frederick II in 1763, which formed the basis for a system of state-supported primary schools." ]

[ "Fill Your Head with Rock Fill Your Head with Rock (1970) was the third release in the successful CBS Records Rock Machine UK budget sampler album series. It broke new ground, by extending the format to a double album, and also featured more UK artists than previous samplers. Compiler David Howell stated that while the earlier samplers were merely aimed at promoting specific full-price releases, this record was part of a major push to establish the label as \"the top label in contemporary music\" in the UK, and also to establish the market for double albums. For once a sampler album cover showed the featured artists, and even provided a key for identification. Laura Nyro can be seen at the top left, Taj Mahal next to her, and Al Kooper & Leonard Cohen at the top right. Four of the artists are not shown: Moondog, Amory Kane, Black Widow and Skin Alley. The front cover features Jerry Goodman of The Flock. The included eight-page booklet featured brief descriptions of the artists, their images, and photographs of the relevant albums. It also included publicity for other CBS Records artists as well as those on related labels such as Dandelion - Principal Edwards Magic Theatre, Beau, Bridget St John, Occasional Word, Mike Hart & Siren; Direction - Chambers Brothers & Taj Mahal; and Straight - Captain Beefheart, Alice Cooper, Judy Henske and Jerry Yester, Tim Buckley, & The GTOs. In Australia it was pressed and released with unaltered artwork and track listing. In France the album, retitled \"Superb Super Pop Session N°2\", reached No. 10 in the album chart. Finnish label promoted the record heavily, leading to a \"virtual sellout\" of a Johnny Winter performance at the . In South Africa, The Gramophone Co. gave the record \"massive\" promotion, including booking an unprecedented weeklong exposure on the top teenage programme \"The Radio Record Club\" on Springbok Radio." ]

[ "The Triumph of Beauty The Triumph of Beauty is a Caroline era masque, written by James Shirley and first published in 1646. The masque shows a strong influence of Shakespeare's \"A Midsummer Night's Dream.\" The plot of the masque draws upon one of the most famous tales of Greek mythology, the Judgement of Paris; Shirley derives some material from the \"Dialogues\" of Lucian. (Shirley had previously used the same subject matter in the masque in Act V of his 1640 play \"The Constant Maid.\") The cast includes all the principals of the story, with the divinities occurring in their Roman versions: Paris, Juno, Venus, and Pallas all appear, along with Mercury, Cupid, Hymen, the Graces, the Hours, and a personified Delight. (The three Hours, Eunomia, Dike and Eirene, also appear in Shirley's \"The Triumph of Peace\".) The figures of the anti-masque are seven shepherds, Bottle, Crab, Clout, Toadstool, Shrub, Scrip, and Hobbinoll; as a group they resemble the comic Athenians in Shakespeare's \"Dream,\" with Bottle as Shirley's version of Bottom. The scene is set at Mount Ida, in keeping with the traditional story; the masque ends with Venus's victory in the contest of beauty, and makes no mention of the ensuing events (that is, the Trojan War). The text of the masque was first published in the octavo volume of Shirley's \"Poems\" that was issued in 1646 by the bookseller Humphrey Moseley. The masque was also, apparently, sometimes bound and sold as a separate volume. After the London theatres closed in 1642 at the start of the English Civil War, Shirley made his living as a schoolteacher, and created his final dramatic works for student performance. His late works \"Honoria and Mammon,\" \"The Contention of Ajax and Ulysses,\" and \"Cupid and Death\" fall into this category. The 1646 title page of \"The Triumph of Beauty\" states that the masque \"was personated by some young Gentlemen, for whom it was intended, at a private Recreation.\" Judging by its publication date, \"The Triumph of Beauty\" may have been the earliest of these pedagogic dramas. The music for the masque was composed by William Lawes, who also composed the music for Shirley's \"The Triumph of Peace.\"" ]

[ "Eldorado River Eldorado River (alternate Eldorado Creek) is a waterway on the Seward Peninsula]] in the U.S. state of Alaska. It is situated west of Solomon. This river has its source within a few miles of Salmon Lake, from which it is separated by a low divide. It flows southeast through a broad gravel-filled valley for to Flambeau River before emptying into Safety Sound. Its headwaters reach the limestones of the Nome series and much of its course lies in a chlorite-albite-schist belt. The Eldorado River provides a southerly drainage into the Bering Sea. Its local name was recorded in 1899 by Frank Charles Schrader and Alfred Hulse Brooks and it appeared on the 1900 United States Geological Survey map. Gold was reported from a number of the headwater tributaries of Eldorado River. Among others, San Jose, Mulligan, Fox, and Venetia are mentioned; sluicing occurred on the three latter streams. Venetia Creek rises near the headwaters of Canyon and Iron creeks, tributaries of the Kruzgamepa River. Its length is about , and its valley is rather broad. Sluicing was in progress in August, 1900. The bed rock is below the surface." ]

[ "Neil Hennessy Neil Kevin Hennessy (born December 12, 1978) is a punk rock musician, music producer and engineer from Chicago, Illinois. Hennessy currently plays in The Lawrence Arms, Colossal, The Falcon, The Smoking Popes, The Treasure Fleet and Demon Beach. He has also been a member of Noise By Numbers, Baxter, The Killing Tree, Quattro and a played multiple shows with Teenage Bottlerocket. In late 2015, Hennessy took over rhythm guitar duties in fellow Chicago punk band Rise Against during their European tour. Frontman Tim McIlrath had broken his hand and was unable to play guitar, thus sticking to singing exclusively. Hennessy works at Atlas Studios in Chicago with Matt Allison. He co-wrote the Rise Against song \"Swing Life Away\", and also did percussion on the Less Than Jake album, \"GNV FLA\". Hennessy usually uses a Slingerland (1970s) drum kit, Zildjian cymbals, and Remo heads." ]

[ "Alley to Bali Alley to Bali is the 53rd animated cartoon short subject in the \"Woody Woodpecker\" series. Released theatrically on March 15, 1954, the film was produced by Walter Lantz Productions and distributed by Universal-International. Woody and Buzz Buzzard seek the attention of a curvacious Balinese woman named Babalu who wants to sacrifice them to the angry volcano god of her island, who is in need of long pig for his dinner instead of his usual vegetables. So the sexy seductress performs an alluring dance to get the two sailors to follow her. At one point Buzz accidentally winds up in the arms of a female gorilla who thinks he is handsome. Neither Woody nor Buzz end up with the beautiful Babalu, but they do escape from the volcano's wrath with their lives. No sooner do they swear off women forever, however, they both chase after what they think is Babalu. This backfires, however, and both wind up ensnared in the tentacles of a female octopus, who proceeds to kiss them into the credits." ]

[ "Angel & Tony Angel & Tony () is a 2010 French drama film directed by Alix Delaporte. It tells the story of a young widow in a desperate situation who not only wins the respect of her employer, his family and his community but also regains her estranged son. The film premiered in the International Critics' Week section at the 67th Venice International Film Festival. It received three César Award nominations and won two: Most Promising Actress for Clotilde Hesme and Most Promising Actor for Grégory Gadebois. Existing by petty thieving and open-air sex, the penniless Angèle answers a job ad from the taciturn Tony. He lives with his widowed mother Myriam and runs a fishing boat with his brother out of the harbour at Port-en-Bessin. Over his mother's opposition, he gives Angèle a job helping Myriam sell the catch in the fish market and a room in their house. More than once Angèle offers him immediate sex, but that is not his idea of a relationship. Bit by bit, details of Angèle's past start emerging. She is just out from a two-year stint in prison for the death of her husband, which she claims was an accident. Her estranged son Yohan is in the custody of her in-laws, who despise her. She wants to regain him, but will have to show that she has a fixed address, a steady job and is in a stable relationship. Slowly she gets better at her work and begins to win some respect from Tony and his family, to which sympathy is added when they learn that she has a son she wants to regain. She gets involved in community activities and during rehearsals for a children's play she and Tony have an enjoyable tumble backstage. A day is set and on the morning of the wedding she is overjoyed to find that her father-in-law has brought Yohan, who thinks he would now prefer to live with Angèle and Tony." ]

[ "The Hungry Lion Throws Itself on the Antelope The Hungry Lion Throws Itself on the Antelope (\"Le lion ayant faim se jette sur l'antilope\") is a large oil-on-canvas painting created by Henri Rousseau in 1905. Following \"Scouts Attacked by a Tiger\" the previous year, \"The Hungry Lion\" was the second jungle painting to mark Rousseau's return to this genre after a 10-year hiatus caused by the generally negative reception to his 1891 painting \"Tiger in a Tropical Storm\". \"The Hungry Lion\" features a jungle scene of thick green foliage lit by a deep red setting sun. In the foreground, a lion bites deeply into the neck of an antelope. Other animals are visible in the dense undergrowth: a panther watches from the right, an owl stares out of the background holding a bloody strand of meat in its beak in the centre, with a second bird to its left, and dark ape-like shape with gimlet eye lurks to the left. Rousseau based the central pair of animals on a diorama of stuffed animals at the Paris Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, entitled \"Senegal Lion Devouring an Antelope\". Rousseau's first jungle painting, \"Tiger in a Tropical Storm\", was rejected by the Académie de peinture et de sculpture for their official Paris Salon, but he was able to show it at the 1891 Salon des Indépendants. Despite his increasing reputation, Rousseau continued to exhibit his works at the annual Salon des Indépendants, but \"The Hungry Lion\" was first shown at a third show, the Salon d'Automne, in 1905, alongside works by Matisse and Derain. Rousseau wrote a longer subtitle or caption to accompany his painting: The magazine \"L'Illustration\" printed a copy of the work in its edition of 4 November 1905, with works by Matisse, Derain, Cézanne and Vuillard. The avante garde works on display at the 1905 Salon d'Automne were decried by art critic Louis Vauxcelles as, \"Donatello chez les fauves\" (Donatello among the wild beasts), contrasting the paintings with a Renaissance-style sculpture displayed in the same room at the Grand Palais. Vauxcelles’ comment was printed on 17 October 1905 in \"Gil Blas\", a daily newspaper, and the term Fauvism passed into popular usage for the type of work exhibited, of seeming simplicity in vibrant colours. The very term \"Fauvism\" may have been influenced directly by Rousseau's \"The Hungry Lion\", although Rousseau was not himself counted as a Fauve. Despite their apparent simplicity, Rousseau's jungle paintings were built up meticulously in layers, using a large number of green shades to capture the lush exuberance of the jungle. Rousseau's work continued to be derided by the critics up to and after his death in 1910, but he won a following among his contemporaries: Picasso, Matisse, and Toulouse-Lautrec were all admirers of his work. \"The Hungry Lion\" is now held by the Fondation Beyeler and is exhibited at their gallery at Riehen, near Basel, in Switzerland. Previously. in 1905, it had been exhibited in the Salon des Independants, in Paris." ]

[ "Papuan harrier The Papuan harrier (\"Circus spilothorax\") is a bird of prey native to New Guinea which belongs to the harrier genus \"Circus\". It was classified as a subspecies of the eastern marsh harrier (\"Circus spilonotus\") of eastern Asia. It is thinly scattered across the whole of New Guinea except for the Vogelkop peninsula in the west. There are several unconfirmed reports from Australia but the bird can easily be confused with the swamp harrier. It inhabits grassland and wetlands up to 3800 m above sea-level. It hunts low over open ground searching for small mammals, birds and lizards. The adult male is usually silvery-grey with black head, throat, back and wing-markings and white underparts. Adult females are brown with a pale rump, barred tail and streaked underparts. Juveniles are blackish-brown with cream-coloured markings on the head, more extensive in the female. The length of the bird varies from 47 to 54 cm; females are larger than the males. In the central highlands and the Sepik valley there is a dark morph; males of this form are mostly blackish with a grey tail and the females are mostly dark brown." ]

[ "Drake Bell discography American singer-songwriter Drake Bell has released three studio albums, two extended plays, one video album, seven singles (including one as a featured artist), five promotional singles, fourteen music videos and other album appearances. On September 27, 2005, Bell released his debut album \"Telegraph\". The album includes 12 tracks. His song, \"Found a Way\"—featured as the theme song for \"Drake & Josh\"—is also included on the show's soundtrack. In 2006, Bell signed with Universal Motown. He released his first single, \"I Know\", on October 17, 2006. The video for \"I Know\" was filmed in October 2006. As of 2015, the music video for his single \"I Know\", has received over 10 million views. Bell's second album, \"It's Only Time\", was released on December 5, 2006 and reached Number 81 on Billboard's 200, selling 23,000 copies its first week of release. It's Only Time has sold 178,000 copies as of 2012. Bell features in the Hawk Nelson song, \"Bring 'Em Out\", from the 2005 film, \"Yours, Mine and Ours\", and on the special edition of \"Hawk Nelson Is My Friend\". Hawk Nelson released that version and the original version on their 2005 EP of the same name. On October 16, 2007, the Radio Disney single edit version of his song \"Makes Me Happy\", was released on iTunes. Bell also features on Miranda Cosgrove's \"Leave It All to Me\" single and theme song to the television comedy \"iCarly\". His single \"Superhero! Song\" was released on April 4, 2008, to promote his film, \"Superhero Movie\", which was released a week prior. His first video album and DVD, entitled \"Drake Bell in Concert\", was released on December 16, 2008. It peaked at number 81 in the Top 100 Mexican Albums Chart. Bell's single, \"Terrific\", was released on June 14, 2011, and was also included on an EP titled \"A Reminder\", released on June 28, 2011, also featuring the songs \"You’re Not Thinking\", \"Big Shot\" and \"Speak My Mind\". The EP was produced by John Fields, who previously worked with Rooney, Jimmy Eat World, Selena Gomez, the Jonas Brothers, and Bleu. Bell said he decided to release \"A Reminder\" because he hasn't put out new music in a few years and \"a full album will probably not happen until next year.\" Bell's unreleased songs with Daniella Monet, \"Lookin' Like Magic\" and \"Wishful Thinking\", appear in the films \"\" and its sequel, \"A Fairly Odd Christmas\". Bell's holiday single, \"Christmas Promise\", was released on December 17, 2013. Bell's third album, \"Ready Steady Go!\" was released on April 22, 2014 and is his first album released under the record label Surfdog Records. Bell's single \"Bitchcraft\", was remixed by Caravan Palace. The remix was released as a single in 2014. Bell's song \"Bull\" peaked at number 8 on the Exametro Top Ten De Musica chart, which charts songs in the top ten in Mexico. \"Bull\" appears in the trailer for the animated film \"Birds of Paradise\", which he also stars in. Bell's unreleased songs, \"What You Need\" and \"Solo Flight\", appear in the film, \"Wings: Sky Force Heroes\". As of 2011, Bell has sold over 1 million singles in the United States." ]

[ "Dhahi Khalfan Tamim Dhahi Khalfan Tamim (born 1 October 1951) is a Lieutenant General and is the Head of General Security for the Emirate of Dubai. He was chief of the Dubai Police Force until the end of the 2013, which is when Khamis Al-Mazeina (died 2016) took over. He came to international attention while overseeing the investigation of the group suspected of the assassination of Mahmoud al-Mabhouh. Tamim was born in Dubai on 1 October 1951. He attended the Royal Police College in Amman, Jordan in 1970. He worked as a criminal investigator. He was also in charge of receiving and test driving a new electric police vehicle in 2013. He is known for speaking his mind and beyond. In 2017, he made some comments about different nationalities/races which could contravene Dubai's law and could land him in hot water. , \"Pravda\" online accused the UAE of adopting \" policies against Jews\" when, on 1 March of that year, Tamim allegedly said that \"anyone who looks or sounds like a citizen of Israel will be blocked from entering the country, even if a suspected individual produces a passport of a different state\". \"Pravda\" responded by asking the rhetorical question: \"Will Emirates liken itself to the Third Reich and use rulers and protractors to measure the shape of the nose, earlaps and the skull structure? If it does, the UAE will lose all of its friends in the West\". He has received criticism for stating that he would alert Israeli authorities if he learned of a planned terrorist attack on their soil. Furthermore, in July 2013, he received criticism for contesting the notion that Israel was the enemy of Arabs by declaring that the Muslim Brotherhood pose a significantly more substantial threat. He is a major critic of Qatar's support of the Muslim Brotherhood, and in April 2014, stated that “Qatar should not be ‘a safe haven’ to the so-called ‘Muslim’ Brotherhood\". Additionally, he noted that the UAE should 'reclaim' Qatar. This caused already-strained relations between Emirates and Qatar to further deteriorate. He also launched a verbal attack against Kuwait in March 2014, accusing Kuwait of \"destroying Iraq\". In 2015, he was publicly rebuked by Emirati minister of foreign affairs Abdullah bin Zayed on Twitter as a result of expressing support for former Yemeni president Ali Abdullah Saleh. He also criticised the tactics employed by coalition forces during the 2015 intervention in Yemen. In February 2017, he praised United States President Donald Trump's ban on individuals from seven Muslim-majority countries. In October 2017, he wrote about the 2017 Qatar diplomatic crisis; saying the blockade on the country will end if it surrenders the 2022 World Cup. The message appeared to imply that the Saudi-led blockade was only enacted due to Qatar hosting the world's biggest football event. After hundreds of civilians were killed in the November 2017 Sinai mosque attack by ISIL, he blamed the attack on Qatari news network Al Jazeera and suggested that Egypt should \"bomb\" the network in retaliation. On April 3, 2018 he tweeted \"Why Indians are disciplined? While sedition, criminality and smuggling in the Pakistani community are rampant\" he also mentioned that the Pakistanis pose a serious threat to the Gulf communities because they bring drugs to their countries and that the Indians are disciplined than the Pakistanis. His comments came after Dubai authorities arrested gang of Pakistanis involved in smuggling drugs. He has also made comments like this before." ]

[ "Barbara Marshall Barbara Novak Marshall (March 5, 1944 – February 22, 2009) was an American television broadcast journalist and politician. She was elected three times to the Honolulu City Council in Honolulu, Hawaii following her retirement from broadcasting. Marshall was known throughout Hawaii for a long career as an investigative journalist, consumer advocate, documentary filmmaker, news anchor and reporter for KHON-TV television station. Born Barbara Novak in Berwyn, Illinois she went on to become the first female graduate of the Radio and Television Journalism program at the University of Illinois in 1965. As Barbara Novak, she broke through television journalism's glass ceiling to become the first woman Radio-TV grad to anchor a regularly scheduled broadcast television news program in the United States. She rose to further prominence as Barbara Marshall in Boston, where she worked for a decade as an award-winning reporter for two Boston television stations, first for channel 56 WLVI and then for channel 4 WBZ-TV. A number of her interviews and stories were broadcast on NBC-TV network newscasts. Marshall transported her career to Honolulu in 1979, working for 23 years as reporter, news anchor and producer for channel 2 KHON. During her tenure at KHON, Marshall initiated Action Line (a TV-consumer complaint line), live television election coverage and created the first morning news program in Hawaii. She won awards for two documentaries: One on the eruption of the Kilauea volcano, and another on the life of Challenger astronaut Ellison Onizuka. In 2002, she won a seat on the Honolulu City Council in her first attempt at elective office. She was reelected to the council seat on September 18, 2004 and again on September 25, 2008 and was elected chairman by her peers on January 2, 2007. Marshall died on February 22, 2009, aged 64, after an eight-month battle with colon cancer. Marshall's husband, Cliff Ziems, endorsed her aide, Ikaika Anderson, to fill her city council seat; he was elected in a special election and was sworn into office on May 27, 2009." ]

[ "Bij1 Bij1 is a political party in the Netherlands formerly known as Artikel 1. The party was founded in 2016 by Sylvana Simons, a television personality who was formerly connected to Denk. Artikel 1 is named after the opening clauses of the Dutch constitution and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which outlaw discrimination based on race, religion, gender or any other reason. Simons's party focuses on fighting racism and discrimination in the Netherlands. The party and its leader have occasionally caused controversy. Since the municipal elections of 2018, Bij1 has one seat in the city council of Amsterdam. In its election manifesto the party advocates the establishment of a national health insurance fund, government quotas for women and ethnic minorities, a higher minimum wage, the reintroduction of the basic grant for undergraduate students, a humane refugee policy, and the closure of coal plants." ]

[ "Tobu 60000 series The is a Japanese DC electric multiple unit (EMU) commuter train type operated by the private railway operator Tobu Railway on Tobu Urban Park Line services since June 2013. The first two six-car sets were introduced on the 62.7 km Tobu Noda Line from 15 June 2013, replacing older 8000 series sets. A further six sets (36 vehicles) were introduced during fiscal 2013. Based on the 50000 series EMUs first introduced in 2004, the 60000 series have aluminium alloy bodies with a double-skin construction manufactured using friction stir welding (FSW). The trains feature VVVF control, and use fully enclosed motors reducing environmental noise. Externally, the front ends and upper bodysides are finished in \"future blue\", the colour used for the Tobu corporate logo, and \"bright green\" highlights are used on either side of the doors. , the fleet consists of 18 six-car sets based at Nanakodai Depot. Trainsets consist of three motored (M) cars and three unpowered trailer (T) cars, and are formed as shown below with the Tc1 cars at the Kashiwa end. The M1 and M3 cars each have one PT7112-B single-arm pantograph. Car 4 is designated as a mildly air-conditioned car. Internally, the trains use LED lighting throughout, with the illumination level capable of being adjusted to 100%, 50%, or 25% brightness. LCD passenger information displays are provided above the doors, and a Wi-Fi service is provided - for the first time on Tobu Railway trains. Seating consists of longitudinal bench seats throughout, with a seat width of per person. Wheelchair spaces are provided at one end of each of the four intermediate cars. The glass panels on the doors separating each car are decorated with designs depicting the five different \"city flowers\" of the eight cities served by the Noda Line: cherry blossom (Saitama), wysteria (Kasukabe), sunflower (Kashiwa and Funabashi), rhododendron (Noda, Nagareyama, Matsudo), and Japanese bellflower (Kamagaya). The first two sets, 61601 and 61602, were delivered from the Hitachi factory in Kudamatsu, Yamaguchi in March 2013. Set 61601 entered revenue service on 15 June 2013, with 61602 entering service on 21 June 2013. Sets 61603 and 61604 were delivered together from Hitachi in January 2014, both entering revenue service from 27 January 2014. The fleet history details are as shown below." ]

[ "Shadow Hearts Shadow Hearts is a series of role-playing video games for the PlayStation 2. The \"Shadow Hearts\" series was developed by Sacnoth (renamed Nautilus for the later games in the series) and released by Aruze in Japan and Midway in North America and Europe. However, \"\" was published by XSEED Games in North America and Ghostlight in Europe. All three \"Shadow Hearts\" games are turn-based RPGs. There are two unique elements to the \"Shadow Hearts\" games. For nearly every combat action and for some mini-games, the player is presented with a \"Judgment Ring\". This is shown as a circular field that has a radar-like line that sweeps through the circle a single time. There are several colored areas on this field. To successfully complete an action, the player must hit a button as the line passes through the area. For direct attacks, there are one or more of these areas, and as long as each area is hit properly, the player can attempt to make multiple attacks within the same turn. For most offensive and some defense spells, there are areas that must be hit before a last larger area to successfully complete the spell. Most other actions have just one single area to be hit. For attacks, offensive and healing spells, there is also a narrow red area at the end of some sections; if this area is hit, then the attack or spell or item benefit is slightly increased; however, it is possible to miss these areas easily and fail the movement. There are generally a number of ways the ring can be altered willing and unwilling in the games. Special items or persons can widen the size of the marked areas to decrease the chance of missing the mark, or even add a new zone for an additional attack. Equipable items may alter how the Ring behaves, trading off with another statistic; for example, one may be able to increase a character's speed in battle (attacking more often) at the cost of having the Ring sweep faster. Monsters may inflict Ring status changes, such as increasing the sweep speed or reducing the visible size of the ring, which can be cured through spells, items, or restored after battle is completed. Some gamers complained about the Judgment Ring after the first game, claiming it made the game too hard. To appease them, the second and third games have the option to turn the ring off completely. As a trade-off, doing this prevents the player from performing critical hits, strikes, and other special effects, essentially creating a large handicap in exchange for the reduced difficulty. In addition to the usual Hit Points and Mana Points for each character, there are also Sanity Points (SP), which decrease every turn the character is in battle (as a representation of the character's exposure to the horrific and maddening creatures) or can also be drained by enemies. When a character reaches zero Sanity Points, that character becomes \"Berserk\"; the character will perform random actions on random battle participants (including the player's party) with increased bonuses until either some Sanity Points are restored or the battle ends; if the latter occurs, all players, regardless of the Berserk condition, will completely recover their Sanity Points. As with Hit Points and Mana Points, there are ways to restore Sanity Points in battle. In every game there has been at least one member of the Valentine family present as a playable character. The Valentines are a family of vampires, but their appearance strays from the typical Dracula-inspired traits of being dark haired and pale-skinned; instead, they are blond, blue eyed, and fair-skinned with no problem being in the sun (or any of the typical vampiric weaknesses). The PlayStation game Koudelka, Sacnoth's first effort, is technically a predecessor to \"Shadow Hearts\", although the connection to it is not as strong as the connection between the other games. Some of the events that happen in \"Koudelka\" are mentioned in \"Shadow Hearts\", and some elements (including characters) from \"Koudelka\" also come back in \"Shadow Hearts\". Shadow Hearts takes place fifteen years after \"Koudelka\", 1913, in the same universe. On a branch of the Trans-Siberian Railroad in Manchuria, the game's protagonist, Yuri Volte Hyuga (Urumof \"Uru\" Bort Hyuga in the Japanese version), hears a voice in his head telling him to rescue the young Alice Elliot, whose priest father was recently murdered in a most brutal fashion in Rouen, France. After an English gentleman by the name of philosopher Roger Bacon attempts to abduct Alice from the Japanese army himself, Yuri saves her, and starts a quest through China (and eventually Europe) to discover Alice's importance, Bacon's intent, the identity of the mysterious voice, and his own relevance. Shadow Hearts: Covenant (also called \"Shadow Hearts II\") directly continues from the story at the end of \"Shadow Hearts\", assuming the \"bad ending\" was correct. This game features 2 DVD ROM discs instead of the usual 1, which provides (according to the publisher) 40 hours of gameplay. The town of Domremy has stubbornly refused to fall to the German advance at the beginning of World War I thanks to the aid of a \"demon\" which seems to defend it.", "The town of Domremy has stubbornly refused to fall to the German advance at the beginning of World War I thanks to the aid of a \"demon\" which seems to defend it. Lieutenant Karin Koenig of the German Army is sent along with a person who claims to be an Inquisitor from the Vatican, Nicolai Conrad, to acquire a means of exorcising this demon. However, the 'Demon of Domremy' is actually the Harmonixer Yuri from the first \"Shadow Hearts\". Yuri, Karin, and Nicolai soon become entangled in a plot involving secret conspiracies, the Russian royal family, the Japanese foreign minister, the mystical tome from Koudelka, and more. The game as a whole was revamped from \"Shadow Hearts\", including the graphics, cutscenes, voices, the way the Judgment Ring worked, and the cast of characters, with several from the original game recurring in cameo roles. Game critics have also smiled upon \"Shadow Hearts: Covenant\" much more than the original, and a general consensus seems to be that the game is an overall improvement on the first. This game begins in North America in the year 1929 and features two new main characters: a 16-year-old New Yorker named Johnny Garland, and a 21-year-old Native American woman named Shania. Shania has powers of fusion similar to Yuri and Kurando in the previous \"Shadow Hearts\" entries, but Shania is not a Harmonixer. Instead, she makes pacts with spirits, in direct contrast to Yuri and Kurando who turned into demons. The story begins with Johnny, a private detective, being hired by a man named Gilbert to find one Marlow Brown. When Johnny finds the man, however, a mysterious 'window' opens, and from it emerges a Lovecraftian monster. The rest of the game follows Johnny, Shania, and company as they attempt to uncover the truth about Gilbert and his plans. Whether or not \"From The New World\" is closer to a spin-off or a sequel, the game has several links with the previous game. Beside a few returning characters (Roger Bacon, Lenny Curtis, Joachim Valentine, Keith Valentine (as the Silver Bat), Hildegarde Valentine (as the Peach Bat in Shadow Hearts Covenant, here as a playable character in Johnny's party) and Gerard (the shopkeeper) as well as items (Émigré Manuscript), important events that took place in \"Shadow Hearts 2\" are mentioned, such as Nicolai (Nicholas) Conrad's release of Malice." ]

[ "Nesterov Nesterov (), until 1938 known by its German name (; ) and in 1938-1946 as Ebenrode, is a town and the administrative center of Nesterovsky District in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, located east of Kaliningrad, the administrative center of the oblast, near the Russian-Lithuanian border on the railway connecting Kaliningrad Oblast with Moscow. Population: In the Middle Ages, the area in Old Prussia had been settled by the Nadruvian tribe of the Baltic Prussians. It was conquered by the Teutonic Knights in about 1276 and incorporated into the State of the Teutonic Order. From the 15th century onwards, the Knights largely resettled the lands with Samogitian and Lithuanian colonists. The settlement itself was first mentioned as \"Stallupoenen\", or \"Stallupönen\", in 1539, named after a nearby river called \"Stalupė\" in Lithuanian. At that time, with the secularization of the Order's Prussian lands in 1525, Stallupönen had already become part of the Duchy of Prussia, a Polish fief which in 1618 was inherited by the Hohenzollern margraves of Brandenburg. Stallupönen then belonged to Brandenburg-Prussia and in 1701 became a part of the Kingdom of Prussia in 1701. King Frederick William I granted it town privileges in 1722. Like other cities in East Prussia during the Seven Years' War between 1757 and 1762, it was occupied by the Russian forces. It was administered in the Province of East Prussia beginning in 1773. During the Prussian-led unification of Germany, Stallupönen became a part of the German Empire in 1871. With the construction of railways, the town became well-acquainted to travelers, as it was the last stop on the German-Russian frontier. Here, travelers made the transfer from standard gauge railway carriages of western Europe to the broad gauge carriages of Russia. In August 1914, the city and the surrounding area were a focal point of Battle of Stallupönen between Russian and Imperial German armies, an opening battle on the Eastern Front of World War I. It was occupied by the Russian army between August 18, 1914 and February 18, 1915. Because of the Lithuanian minority living there, the Republic of Lithuania tried unsuccessfully to obtain the town from Germany after World War I. Because \"Stallupönen\" sounded too \"un-German\", the Nazi regime renamed the town Ebenrode in 1938. The town was overrun by the Soviet Red Army during World War II on January 13, 1945. The region was transferred from Germany to the Russian SFSR in 1945 and made a part of Kaliningrad Oblast. In 1946, the town, whose German inhabitants largely evacuated or were expelled westward, was renamed Nesterov after Sergey Nesterov, a Soviet war hero who was killed in the vicinity. Within the framework of administrative divisions, Nesterov serves as the administrative center of Nesterovsky District. As an administrative division, it is incorporated within Nesterovsky District as the town of district significance of Nesterov. As a municipal division, the town of district significance of Nesterov is incorporated within Nesterovsky Municipal District as Nesterovskoye Urban Settlement. Today Nesterov is one of the cultural centers of the Lithuanian minority in Russia." ]

[ "Acetaldehyde ammonia trimer Acetaldehyde ammonia trimer is a chemical compound described by the formula (CHCHNH). The pure material is colourless but samples often appear light yellow or slightly beige due to the degradation by oxidation. It is hygroscopic, and can be found in a trihydrate form. As implied by its name, it is a trimeric species formed from the reaction of acetaldehyde and ammonia: Studies using NMR spectroscopy indicate that the three methyl groups are equatorial, thus the molecule has C point group symmetry. The compound is related to hexamethylenetetramine, which is the condensation product of the condensation of ammonia and formaldehyde." ]

[ "Fernando Sánchez Fernando Sánchez (Antwerp, Belgium, 9 August 1935 - Manhattan, New York, 28 June 2006) was a Spanish fashion designer. He was known for his provocative lingerie collections, which, though designed for elegant boudoirs, were often worn in public. He created the two famous dresses of Madonna's \"Like a Virgin\" music video. Sanchez was awarded several Coty fashion awards, as well as a Council of Fashion Designers of America Award in 1981. Sanchez was born into a wealthy family in Antwerp, Belgium. His father died when he was very young. When Sanchez was in his teens, he would go with his mother to Paris to see Jacques Fath's designs. Later, he sent a portfolio to Fath, who recommended him to the École de la Chambre Syndicale de la Couture, a fashion school in Paris. There, he ended up a classmate of Yves Saint Laurent. While St. Laurent would later revolutionize how women dressed during the day, Sanchez would revolutionize how women dressed at night. In 1960, inspired by the movie \"West Side Story\", he moved to New York City fifteen days after watching it. Sanchez started his own company in 1974, where he introduced techniques normally used in dress construction to slips and caftans, making underwear resemble outerwear. He did not deem his work to be merely lingerie, and it was not treated as such by the fashion world. His fashion shows were as highly attended as those of more conventional designers. His work foreshadowed the mainstream acceptance of lingerie-like clothing in the 1990s. He designed the lingerie used by Cher in the comedy horror \"The Witches of Eastwick\" and some dresses for Tina Turner shows. Elizabeth Taylor wore one Sanchez dress for one \"Vanity Fair\" cover in 1992. Very known in New York, he was a regular at Studio 54 nightclub and his agenda of friends and contacts included Yves Saint Laurent, Liza Minnelli, Andy Warhol, Jerry Hall... Sanchez later worked for Nina Ricci, Christian Dior (where St. Laurent hired him to design lingerie), the New York lingerie company Warner's, and Yalla Inc. He died on 28 June 2006 from cardiac arrest arising from complications of leishmaniasis, a disease transmitted by sand fly bites." ]

[ "Washington State Route 24 State Route 24 (SR 24) is a state highway in the south-central region of Washington, in the United States. It travels from Yakima to Othello, across a portion of the Columbia Plateau. The highway crosses the Columbia River on the Vernita Bridge, located near the Hanford Site. SR 24 terminates to the west at an interchange with Interstate 82 (I-82) in Yakima and to the east at SR 26 in Othello. The highway was added to the state highway system in 1937 as Secondary State Highway 11A (SSH 11A), composed of several county-built gravel roads from Yakima to Connell, with a ferry crossing at Hanford. The Hanford section of SSH 11A was closed in 1943 due to wartime activities at the Hanford Nuclear Reservation, forcing the state government to relocate the highway to the north side of the Columbia River. The new highway opened in 1961 and was supplanted by the new Vernita toll bridge in 1965. During the 1964 state highway renumbering, SR 24 replaced most of SSH 11A and was rerouted to a terminus in Othello. SR 24 begins in eastern Yakima as an extension of Nob Hill Boulevard at a diamond interchange with I-82 and the concurrent US 12 and US 97. The interchange is located southeast of the Central Washington State Fairgrounds and the SunDome arena. SR 24 travels southeasterly from the interchange as a four-lane divided highway and crosses the Yakima River into unincorporated Yakima County near Yakima Sportsman State Park. The highway narrows to two lanes and continues southeast along the Central Washington Railroad, a branch of the BNSF Railway, changing course to bypass the city of Moxee on its south side. SR 24 continues beyond the railroad's terminus and runs deeper into the Moxee Valley, an irrigated area situated between the Yakima Ridge and Yakima Training Center to the north and the Rattlesnake Hills to the south. At the east end of the valley, SR 24 turns northeast and crosses through a narrow pass in the hills before reaching the Black Rock Valley, which it continues across. Midway through the valley at the Silver Dollar Cafe, the highway intersects SR 241, an auxiliary route that travels south towards Sunnyside. SR 24 continues northeast from the junction and enters Benton County, where it climbs a section of the Yakima Ridge and exits the valley. The highway crosses part of the Fitzner–Eberhardt Arid Lands Ecology Reserve, a restricted wildlife preserve that forms part of the Hanford Reach National Monument. SR 24 meets SR 240, a major highway connecting to the Tri-Cities, at the northeast corner of the reserve. SR 24 turns north at the junction and travels along the northwest edge of the Hanford Site, flanked by fences on both sides of the road. The highway descends from the plateau by turning west and returning to its northerly course, eventually reaching a rest area on the south shore of the Columbia River. SR 24 crosses the Columbia River on the Vernita Bridge, a steel truss bridge downriver from the Priest Rapids Dam. On the north side of the bridge in Grant County, the highway intersects SR 243, which travels along the Columbia River towards Mattawa and Vantage. SR 23 turns northeast and follows the south wall of the Wahluke Slope before traveling due east across the Saddle Mountain National Wildlife Refuge and into Adams County. The highway leaves the Hanford Reach National Monument and forms the boundary between Adams and Franklin counties for several miles, briefly turning to cross a section of the Saddle Mountains. Near the former Othello Air Force Station, SR 24 turns north and follows Radar Road through farmland on the outskirts of Othello. After entering Othello, the highway becomes Broadway Avenue and continues through an industrial area before terminating at an underpass with SR 26. The two highways are connected via an extension of 1st Avenue on both sides of the underpass. SR 24 is maintained by the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT), which conducts an annual survey on the state's highways to measure traffic volume in terms of average annual daily traffic. The busiest section of the highway, at its interchange with I-82, carried a daily average of 23,000 vehicles in 2016; the least busiest section of the highway, northeast of the Vernita Bridge, carried only 1,100 vehicles. A short section between I-82 and Faucher Road in Moxee is designated as a MAP-21 arterial under the National Highway System, a network of roads identified as important to the national economy, defense, and mobility. SR 24 was added to Washington's state highway system in 1937 as Secondary State Highway 11A (SSH 11A), which traveled from Primary State Highway 3 (PSH 3) and US 410 in Yakima to PSH 11 and US 395 in Connell. The highway was preceded by several unpaved roads built by county governments along the corridor by the 1910s, including a road across the Moxee and Black Rock valleys, a ferry across the Columbia River at White Bluffs, and a road continuing to Connell, bypassing Othello. The state government did not improve the gravel county roads that encompassed SSH 11A, but did relocate its toll-free ferry from White Bluffs to Hanford in May 1938. The Hanford ferry was initially planned to use a cable-operated system, but costs forced it to be downgraded to a tug-and-barge ferry.", "The Hanford ferry was initially planned to use a cable-operated system, but costs forced it to be downgraded to a tug-and-barge ferry. During World War II, the U.S. military selected the Hanford area as the site of a major weapons development facility and a section of SSH 11A was acquired via a request of the Secretary of War filed on July 21, 1943. The section, located between Cold Creek and Hanford, was closed permanently to non-military traffic on November 15, 1943, and divided SSH 11A into two disconnected highways. The rest of the highway had been paved by the state government in the early 1940s, with the exception of a section west of Connell that remained gravel. SSH 11A was relocated in 1953 to a crossing of the Columbia River north of Cold Creek at Vernita and would continue along a new highway along the Columbia River to the east end of the former Hanford ferry. The state government had initially expected the highway to re-open after the war, but continued use of Hanford for weapons and energy development prompted them to file a lawsuit against the federal government to seek reimbursement to fund construction of the new highway around the site. The U.S. District Court's decision to award only $1 in nominal damages in 1952 was upheld by a decision of the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals two years later, citing the state's delay in identifying a suitable alternate route. In response, Representative Donald H. Magnuson introduced a Congressional bill to reimburse $581,721 to the state (equivalent to $ in dollars), but it was vetoed by President Dwight D. Eisenhower in September 1957. From January 1954 to December 1955, Army Corps of Engineers constructed a dirt road on the north side of the Columbia River between Vernita and White Bluffs, passing through a less-restricted portion of the Hanford Site. The road was built as part of an agreement between the state and federal governments that was negotiated during the lawsuit, as an alternative to re-opening SSH 11A across the Hanford restricted zone. A private toll ferry connecting SSH 11A at Vernita to SSH 7C on the north side of the river began operating in November 1957 and was taken over by the state in May 1961. The state government completed construction of the paved highway along the Wahluke Slope on May 19, 1961, extending SSH 11A to a junction with SSH 11G south of Othello. As part of the agreement with the federal Atomic Energy Commission, the highway was ringed by fences and signs prohibiting parking and loitering, as well as controlled traffic signals that would allow for a large-scale evacuation of the Hanford area. The west end of SSH 11A was truncated to the newly-opened Yakima bypass (part of I-82) in November 1963. The Vernita Bridge began construction in October 1964 and was opened to traffic on October 1, 1965, replacing the state-run ferry. The bridge was funded using $3 million in bonds (equivalent to $ in dollars) that were paid off using a toll of 75 cents to $2.50 collected until 1977. During the 1964 state highway renumbering, SSH 11A was divided between three new state highways under the sign route system: State Route 24 (SR 24) from Yakima to the junction with SSH 11G (now SR 17), SR 170 from Ringold on the Columbia River to Mesa, and SR 260 between Mesa and Connell. The Ringold section of SR 170 was later transferred to Franklin County in 1967, per a clause in a 1963 highway bill that was triggered by the completion of SR 240. SR 24 was formally codified in 1970, with its eastern terminus changed to a junction with SR 26 south of downtown Othello. The Othello link was built by the end of the decade, effectively completing all of SR 24. Congestion on a section of SR 24 between I-82 and the east side of the Yakima River had worsened by the late 1990s and prompted the state government to consider a $35 million replacement and expansion project. The project was combined with a floodplain restoration plan proposed by the county government in response to a major flood in 1996 and originally considered building a second bridge upriver and realigning the highway. A revised plan placing the higher replacement bridge next to the existing crossing, saving costs and environmental mitigation for of wetlands, was adopted in 2002 and funded by the legislature's 2003 Nickel Program gas tax. Construction on the new bridge and the widened four-lane highway began in May 2005 and was dedicated on June 28, 2007, costing a total of $54.5 million. In 2008, the state government also built a series of passing lanes along SR 24 between Silver Dollar and Cold Creek in response to increased truck traffic." ]

[ "Bruce Rudroff Bruce Rudroff (born May 11, 1955 in Jefferson City, Missouri) was a U.S. soccer defender. Rudroff played three seasons in the North American Soccer League and four in the Major Indoor Soccer League. He also earned two caps with the U.S. national team. Rudroff attended St. Louis University where he played on the men's soccer team from 1973 to 1976. The Billikens won the 1973 NCAA Men's Soccer Championship and Rudroff was a third team All American in 1974. He was inducted into the Billikens Athletic Hall of Fame in 1995. The Seattle Sounders of the North American Soccer League (NASL) drafted Rudroff in the first round of the 1977 College Draft. While he spent most of 1977 with the Sounders reserve team, he did see time in nine first team games after Mel Machin was injured. His time with the Sounders peaked in 1978 with twenty-three games, but he played only four in 1979. Following the season, the Sounders traded him and Tommy Ord to the Tulsa Roughnecks in exchange for Jack Brand, Roger Davies and David Nish. Rudroff did not sign with the Roughnecks, but with the Hartford Hellions of the Major Indoor Soccer League. When the Hellions moved to Memphis in 1981, Rudroff went with the team, which was renamed the Memphis Americans. Rudroff earned two caps with the U.S. national team. Both came in losses to the USSR. The first was a 3-1 loss on February 3, 1979. The second was a 4-1 loss on February 11, 1979." ]

[ "Domesday Book Domesday Book ( or ; Latin: \"Liber de Wintonia\" \"Book of Winchester\") is a manuscript record of the \"Great Survey\" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 by order of King William the Conqueror. The \"Anglo-Saxon Chronicle\" states: Then, at the midwinter [1085], was the king in Gloucester with his council ... . After this had the king a large meeting, and very deep consultation with his council, about this land; how it was occupied, and by what sort of men. Then sent he his men over all England into each shire; commissioning them to find out \"How many hundreds of hides were in the shire, what land the king himself had, and what stock upon the land; or, what dues he ought to have by the year from the shire.\" It was written in Medieval Latin, was highly abbreviated, and included some vernacular native terms without Latin equivalents. The survey's main purpose was to determine what taxes had been owed during the reign of King Edward the Confessor, which allowed William to reassert the rights of the Crown and assess where power lay after a wholesale redistribution of land following the Norman conquest. The assessors' reckoning of a man's holdings and their values, as recorded in Domesday Book, was dispositive and without appeal. The name \"Domesday Book\" (Middle English for \"Doomsday Book\") came into use in the 12th century. As Richard FitzNeal wrote in the \"Dialogus de Scaccario\" (\"circa\" 1179): for as the sentence of that strict and terrible last account cannot be evaded by any skilful subterfuge, so when this book is appealed to ... its sentence cannot be quashed or set aside with impunity. That is why we have called the book 'the Book of Judgement'... because its decisions, like those of the Last Judgement, are unalterable. The manuscript is held at The National Archives at Kew, London. In 2011, the Open Domesday site made the manuscript available online. The book is an invaluable primary source for modern historians and historical economists. No survey approaching the scope and extent of Domesday Book was attempted again in Britain until the 1873 Return of Owners of Land (sometimes termed the \"Modern Domesday\") which presented the first complete, post-Domesday picture of the distribution of landed property in the British Isles. Domesday Book encompasses two independent works (in, originally, two physical volumes). These were \"Little Domesday\" (covering Norfolk, Suffolk, and Essex), and \"Great Domesday\" (covering much of the remainder of England and parts of Walesexcept for lands in the north which later became Westmorland, Cumberland, Northumberland, and the County Palatine of Durham). No surveys were made of the City of London, Winchester, or some other towns, probably due to their tax-exempt status. (Other areas of modern London were then in Middlesex, Kent, Essex, etc., and are included in Domesday Book.) Most of Cumberland and Westmorland are missing. County Durham is missing because the Bishop of Durham (William de St-Calais) had the exclusive right to tax it; in addition, parts of north-east England were covered by the 1183 \"Boldon Book\", listing areas liable to tax by the Bishop of Durham. The omission of the other counties and towns is not fully explained, although in particular Cumberland and Westmorland had yet to be fully conquered. \"Little Domesday\" – so named because its format is physically smaller than its companion's – is the more detailed survey, down to numbers of livestock. It may have represented the first attempt, resulting in a decision to avoid such level of detail in \"Great Domesday\". Both volumes are organised into a series of chapters (literally \"headings\", from Latin \"caput\", \"a head\") listing the fees (knight's fees or fiefs, broadly identical to manors), held by a named tenant-in-chief of the king (who formed the highest stratum of Norman feudal society below the king), namely religious institutions, Bishops, Norman warrior magnates and a few Saxon thegns who had made peace with the Norman regime. Some of the largest such magnates held several hundred fees, in a few cases in more than one county. For example, the chapter of the Domesday Book Devonshire section concerning Baldwin the Sheriff lists 176 holdings held in-chief by him. Only a few of the holdings of the large magnates were held in demesne, most having been subinfeudated to knights, generally military followers of the tenant-in-chief (often his feudal tenants from Normandy) which latter thus became their overlord. The fees listed within the chapter concerning a particular tenant-in-chief were usually ordered, but not in a systematic or rigorous fashion, by the Hundred Court under the jurisdiction of which they were situated, not by geographic location. As a review of taxes owed, it was highly unpopular. Each county's list opened with the king's demesne lands (which had possibly been the subject of separate inquiry). It should be borne in mind that under the feudal system the king was the only true \"owner\" of land in England, under his allodial title.", "It should be borne in mind that under the feudal system the king was the only true \"owner\" of land in England, under his allodial title. He was thus the ultimate overlord and even the greatest magnate could do no more than \"hold\" land from him as a tenant (from the Latin verb \"tenere\", \"to hold\") under one of the various contracts of feudal land tenure. Holdings of Bishops followed, then of the abbeys and religious houses, then of lay tenants-in-chief and lastly the king's serjeants (\"servientes\"), and Saxon thegns who had survived the Conquest, all in hierarchical order. In some counties, one or more principal towns formed the subject of a separate section: in some the \"clamores\" (disputed titles to land) were also treated separately. This principle applies more especially to the larger volume: in the smaller one, the system is more confused, the execution less perfect. Domesday names a total of 13,418 places. Apart from the wholly rural portions, which constitute its bulk, Domesday contains entries of interest concerning most of the towns, which were probably made because of their bearing on the fiscal rights of the crown therein. These include fragments of custumals (older customary agreements), records of the military service due, of markets, mints, and so forth. From the towns, from the counties as wholes, and from many of its ancient lordships, the crown was entitled to archaic dues in kind, such as honey. In a parallel development, around 1100 the Normans in southern Italy completed their \"Catalogus Baronum\" based on Domesday Book. The manuscripts do not carry a formal title. The work is referred to internally as a \"descriptio\" (enrolling), and in other early administrative contexts as the king's \"brevia\" (writings). From about 1100, references appear to the \"liber\" (book) or \"carta\" (charter) of Winchester, its usual place of custody; and from the mid-12th to early 13th centuries, to the Winchester or king's \"rotulus\" (roll). To the English, who held the book in awe, it became known as \"Domesday Book\", in allusion to the Last Judgement and in specific reference to the definitive character of the record. The word \"doom\" was the usual Old English term for a law or judgment; it did not carry the modern overtones of fatality or disaster. Richard FitzNeal, treasurer of England under Henry II, explained the name's connotations in detail in the \"Dialogus de Scaccario\" (c.1179): The book is metaphorically called by the native English, Domesday, i.e., the Day of Judgement. For as the sentence of that strict and terrible last account cannot be evaded by any skilful subterfuge, so when this book is appealed to on those matters which it contains, its sentence cannot be quashed or set aside with impunity. That is why we have called the book \"the Book of Judgement\"... not because it contains decisions on various difficult points, but because its decisions, like those of the Last Judgement, are unalterable. The name \"Domesday\" was subsequently adopted by the book's custodians, being first found in an official document in 1221. Either through false etymology or deliberate word play, the name also came to be associated with the Latin phrase \"Domus Dei\" (\"House of God\"). Such a reference is found as early as the late 13th century, in the writings of Adam of Damerham; and in the 16th and 17th centuries, antiquaries such as John Stow and Sir Richard Baker believed this was the name's origin, alluding to the church in Winchester in which the book had been kept. As a result, the alternative spelling \"Domesdei\" became popular for a while. The usual modern scholarly convention is to refer to the work as \"Domesday Book\" (or simply as \"Domesday\"), without a definite article. However, the form \"the Domesday Book\" is also found in both academic and non-academic contexts. The \"Anglo-Saxon Chronicle\" states that planning for the survey was conducted in 1085, and the book's colophon states the survey was completed in 1086. It is not known when exactly Domesday Book was compiled, but the entire copy of Great Domesday appears to have been copied out by one person on parchment (prepared sheepskin), although six scribes seem to have been used for Little Domesday. Writing in 2000, David Roffe argued that the inquest (survey) and the construction of the book were two distinct exercises. He believes the latter was completed, if not started, by William II following his assumption of the English throne; William II quashed a rebellion that followed and was based on, though not consequent on, the findings of the inquest. Most shires were visited by a group of royal officers (\"legati\"), who held a public inquiry, probably in the great assembly known as the shire court. These were attended by representatives of every township as well as of the local lords. The unit of inquiry was the Hundred (a subdivision of the county, which then was an administrative entity).", "The unit of inquiry was the Hundred (a subdivision of the county, which then was an administrative entity). The return for each Hundred was sworn to by 12 local jurors, half of them English and half of them Norman. What is believed to be a full transcript of these original returns is preserved for several of the Cambridgeshire Hundreds – the Cambridge Inquisition – and is of great illustrative importance. The \"Inquisitio Eliensis\" is a record of the lands of Ely Abbey. The \"Exon Domesday\" (named because the volume was held at Exeter) covers Cornwall, Devon, Dorset, Somerset, and one manor of Wiltshire. Parts of Devon, Dorset, and Somerset are also missing. Otherwise, this contains the full details supplied by the original returns. Through comparison of what details are recorded in which counties, six Great Domesday \"circuits\" can be determined (plus a seventh circuit for the Little Domesday shires). Three sources discuss the goal of the survey: After this had the king a large meeting, and very deep consultation with his council, about this land; how it was occupied, and by what sort of men. Then sent he his men over all England into each shire; commissioning them to find out 'How many hundreds of hides were in the shire, what land the king himself had, and what stock upon the land; or, what dues he ought to have by the year from the shire.' Also he commissioned them to record in writing, 'How much land his archbishops had, and his diocesan bishops, and his abbots, and his earls;' and though I may be prolix and tedious, 'What, or how much, each man had, who was an occupier of land in England, either in land or in stock, and how much money it was worth.' So very narrowly, indeed, did he commission them to trace it out, that there was not one single hide, nor a yard of land, nay, moreover (it is shameful to tell, though he thought it no shame to do it), not even an ox, nor a cow, nor a swine was there left, that was not set down in his writ. And all the recorded particulars were afterwards brought to him. The primary purpose of the survey was to ascertain and record the fiscal rights of the king. These were mainly: After a great political convulsion such as the Norman conquest, and the following wholesale confiscation of landed estates, William needed to reassert that the rights of the Crown, which he claimed to have inherited, had not suffered in the process. His Norman followers tended to evade the liabilities of their English predecessors. The successful trial of Odo de Bayeux at Penenden Heath near Maidstone in Kent less than a decade after the conquest was one example of the Crown's growing discontent at the Norman land-grab of the years following the invasion. Historians believe the survey was to aid William in establishing certainty and a definitive reference point as to property holdings across the nation, in case such evidence was needed in disputes over Crown ownership. The Domesday survey, therefore, recorded the names of the new holders of lands and the assessments on which their tax was to be paid. But it did more than this; by the king's instructions, it endeavoured to make a national valuation list, estimating the annual value of all the land in the country, (1) at the time of Edward the Confessor's death, (2) when the new owners received it, (3) at the time of the survey, and further, it reckoned, by command, the potential value as well. It is evident that William desired to know the financial resources of his kingdom, and it is probable that he wished to compare them with the existing assessment, which was one of considerable antiquity, though there are traces that it had been occasionally modified. The great bulk of Domesday Book is devoted to the somewhat arid details of the assessment and valuation of rural estates, which were as yet the only important source of national wealth. After stating the assessment of the manor, the record sets forth the amount of arable land, and the number of plough teams (each reckoned at eight oxen) available for working it, with the additional number (if any) that might be employed; then the river-meadows, woodland, pasture, fisheries (i.e. fishing weirs), water-mills, salt-pans (if by the sea) and other subsidiary sources of revenue; the peasants are enumerated in their several classes; and finally the annual value of the whole, past and present, is roughly estimated. The organisation of the returns on a feudal basis, enabled the Conqueror and his officers to see the extent of a baron's possessions; and it also showed to what extent he had under-tenants and the identities of the under-tenants. This was of great importance to William, not only for military reasons but also because of his resolve to command the personal loyalty of the under-tenants (though the \"men\" of their lords) by making them swear allegiance to himself. As Domesday Book normally records only the Christian name of an under-tenant, it is not possible to search for the surnames of families claiming a Norman origin.", "As Domesday Book normally records only the Christian name of an under-tenant, it is not possible to search for the surnames of families claiming a Norman origin. Scholars, however, have worked to identify the under-tenants, most of whom have foreign Christian names. The survey provided the King with information on potential sources of funds when he needed to raise money. It includes sources of income but not expenses, such as castles, unless they needed to be included to explain discrepancies between pre-and post-Conquest holdings of individuals. Typically, this happened in a town, where separately-recorded properties had been demolished to make way for a castle. Domesday Book was preserved from the late 11th to the beginning of the 13th centuries in the royal Treasury at Winchester (the Norman kings' capital). It was often referred to as the \"Book\" or \"Roll\" of Winchester. When the Treasury moved to the Palace of Westminster, probably under King John, the book went with it. In the Middle Ages, the Book's evidence was frequently invoked in the law-courts. As recently as the 1960s, it was still referred to in court cases regarding ancient land and property rights. The two volumes (Great Domesday and Little Domesday) remained in Westminster until the 19th century, being held at different times in various offices of the Exchequer (the Chapel of the Pyx of Westminster Abbey; the Treasury of Receipts; and the Tally Court). On many occasions, however, the books were taken around the country with the Exchequer: for example to York and Lincoln in 1300, to York again in 1303 and 1319, to Hertford in the 1580s or 1590s, and to Nonsuch Palace, Surrey, in 1666, following the Great Fire of London. From the 1740s onwards they were held, with other Exchequer records, in the Chapter House of Westminster Abbey. In 1859 they were placed in the new Public Record Office, London. They are now held at The National Archives at Kew. The ancient Domesday chest, in which they were kept in the 17th and 18th centuries, is also preserved at Kew. In modern times, the books have been removed from London on only a few exceptional occasions. In 1861–3 they were sent to Southampton for photozincographic reproduction; in 1918–19, during World War I, they were evacuated (with other Public Record Office documents) to Bodmin Prison, Cornwall; and similarly in 1939–45, during World War II, they were evacuated to Shepton Mallet Prison, Somerset. The volumes have been rebound on several occasions. Little Domesday was rebound in 1320, its older oak boards being re-used. At a later date (probably in the Tudor period) both volumes were given new covers. They were rebound twice in the 19th century, in 1819 and 1869, on the second occasion by the binder Robert Riviere. In the 20th century, they were rebound in 1952, when their physical makeup was examined in greater detail; and yet again in 1986 for the survey's ninth centenary. On this last occasion Great Domesday was divided into two physical volumes, and Little Domesday into three volumes. The project to publish Domesday was begun by the government in 1773, and the book appeared in two volumes in 1783, set in \"record type\" to produce a partial-facsimile of the manuscript. In 1811, a volume of indexes was added. In 1816 a supplementary volume, separately indexed, was published containing Photographic facsimiles of Domesday Book, for each county separately, were published in 1861–1863, also by the government. Today, Domesday Book is available in numerous editions, usually separated by county and available with other local history resources. In 1986, the BBC released the \"BBC Domesday Project,\" the results of a project to create a survey to mark the 900th anniversary of the original Domesday Book. In August 2006 the contents of Domesday went online, with an English translation of the book's Latin. Visitors to the website are able to look up a place name and see the index entry made for the manor, town, city or village. They can also, for a fee, download the relevant page. Domesday Book is critical to understanding the period in which it was written. As H. C. Darby noted, anyone who uses it can have nothing but admiration for what is the oldest 'public record' in England and probably the most remarkable statistical document in the history of Europe. The continent has no document to compare with this detailed description covering so great a stretch of territory. And the geographer, as he turns over the folios, with their details of population and of arable, woodland, meadow and other resources, cannot but be excited at the vast amount of information that passes before his eyes. The author of the article on the book in the eleventh edition of the \"Encyclopædia Britannica\" noted, \"To the topographer, as to the genealogist, its evidence is of primary importance, as it not only contains the earliest survey of each township or manor, but affords, in the majority of cases, a clue to its subsequent descent.\" Darby also notes the inconsistencies, saying that \"when this great wealth of data is examined more closely, perplexities and difficulties arise.\" One problem is that the clerks who compiled this document \"were but human; they were frequently forgetful or confused.\"", "One problem is that the clerks who compiled this document \"were but human; they were frequently forgetful or confused.\" The use of Roman numerals also led to countless mistakes. Darby states, \"Anyone who attempts an arithmetical exercise in Roman numerals soon sees something of the difficulties that faced the clerks.\" But more important are the numerous obvious omissions, and ambiguities in presentation. Darby first cites F. W. Maitland's comment following his compilation of a table of statistics from material taken from the Domesday Book survey, \"it will be remembered that, as matters now stand, two men not unskilled in Domesday might add up the number of hides in a county and arrive at very different results because they would hold different opinions as to the meanings of certain formulas which are not uncommon.\" Darby says that \"it would be more correct to speak not of 'the Domesday geography of England', but of 'the geography of Domesday Book'. The two may not be quite the same thing, and how near the record was to reality we can never know.\"" ]

[ "National Security Hotline (Australia) The Australian National Security Hotline was established on 27 December 2002 to receive information from the public about threats to national security and to refer them to policing and intelligence agencies. The Hotline was established following the 2002 Bali bombings, in which 202 people were killed, including 88 Australians. The Hotline was launched with a public information campaign that provided information about the heightened security environment. The campaign began with television advertising asking Australians to look out for a booklet that would be posted to every Australian home—‘let’s look out for Australia’. The National Security Hotline can be contacted on 1800 1234 00 and is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. http://www.asio.gov.au/ASIO-and-National-Security/Report-a-Threat.html" ]

[ "Integral fast reactor The integral fast reactor (IFR, originally advanced liquid-metal reactor) is a design for a nuclear reactor using fast neutrons and no neutron moderator (a \"fast\" reactor). IFR would breed more fuel and is distinguished by a nuclear fuel cycle that uses reprocessing via electrorefining at the reactor site. IFR development began in 1984 and the U.S. Department of Energy built a prototype, the Experimental Breeder Reactor II. On April 3, 1986, two tests demonstrated the inherent safety of the IFR concept. These tests simulated accidents involving loss of coolant flow. Even with its normal shutdown devices disabled, the reactor shut itself down safely without overheating anywhere in the system. The IFR project was canceled by the US Congress in 1994, three years before completion. The proposed Generation IV Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor is its closest surviving fast breeder reactor design. Other countries have also designed and operated fast reactors. S-PRISM (from SuperPRISM), also called PRISM (Power Reactor Innovative Small Module), is the name of a nuclear power plant design by GE Hitachi Nuclear Energy (GEH) based on the Integral Fast Reactor. The IFR is cooled by liquid sodium or lead and fueled by an alloy of uranium and plutonium. The fuel is contained in steel cladding with liquid sodium filling in the space between the fuel and the cladding. A void above the fuel allows helium and radioactive xenon to be collected safely without significantly increasing pressure inside the fuel element, and also allows the fuel to expand without breaching the cladding, making metal rather than oxide fuel practical. The advantage of lead as opposed to sodium is that it is not reactive chemically, especially with water or air. The disadvantages are that liquid lead is far more viscous than liquid sodium (increasing pumping costs), and there are numerous radioactive neutron activation products, while there are essentially none from sodium. Metal fuel with a sodium-filled void inside the cladding to allow fuel expansion has been demonstrated in EBR-II. Metallic fuel makes pyroprocessing the reprocessing technology of choice. Fabrication of metallic fuel is easier and cheaper than ceramic (oxide) fuel, especially under remote handling conditions. Metallic fuel has better heat conductivity and lower heat capacity than oxide, which has safety advantages. Use of liquid metal coolant removes the need for a pressure vessel around the reactor. Sodium has excellent nuclear characteristics, a high heat capacity and heat transfer capacity, low viscosity, a reasonably low melting point and a high boiling point, and excellent compatibility with other materials including structural materials and fuel. The high heat capacity of the coolant and the elimination of water from the core increase the inherent safety of the core. Containing all of the primary coolant in a pool produces several safety and reliability advantages. Reprocessing is essential to achieve most of the benefits of a fast reactor, improving fuel usage and reducing radioactive waste each by several orders of magnitude. Onsite processing is what makes the IFR \"integral\". This and the use of pyroprocessing both reduce proliferation risk. Pyroprocessing (using an electrorefiner) has been demonstrated at EBR-II as practical on the scale required. Compared to the PUREX aqueous process, it is economical in capital cost, and is unsuitable for production of weapons material, again unlike PUREX which was developed for weapons programs. Pyroprocessing makes metallic fuel the fuel of choice. The two decisions are complementary. The four basic decisions of metallic fuel, sodium coolant, pool design, and onsite reprocessing by electrorefining, are complementary, and produce a fuel cycle that is proliferation resistant and efficient in fuel usage, and a reactor with a high level of inherent safety, while minimizing the production of high-level waste. The practicality of these decisions has been demonstrated over many years of operation of EBR-II. In traditional light water reactors (LWRs) the core must be maintained at a high pressure to keep the water liquid at high temperatures. In contrast, since the IFR is a liquid metal cooled reactor, the core could operate at close to ambient pressure, dramatically reducing the danger of a loss-of-coolant accident. The entire reactor core, heat exchangers and primary cooling pumps are immersed in a pool of liquid sodium or lead, making a loss of primary coolant extremely unlikely. The coolant loops are designed to allow for cooling through natural convection, meaning that in the case of a power loss or unexpected reactor shutdown, the heat from the reactor core would be sufficient to keep the coolant circulating even if the primary cooling pumps were to fail. The IFR also has passive safety advantages as compared with conventional LWRs. The fuel and cladding are designed such that when they expand due to increased temperatures, more neutrons would be able to escape the core, thus reducing the rate of the fission chain reaction. In other words, an increase in the core temperature will act as a feedback mechanism that decreases the core power. This attribute is known as a negative temperature coefficient of reactivity. Most LWRs also have negative reactivity coefficients; however, in an IFR, this effect is strong enough to stop the reactor from reaching core damage without external action from operators or safety systems. This was demonstrated in a series of safety tests on the prototype. Pete Planchon, the engineer who conducted the tests for an international audience quipped \"Back in 1986, we actually gave a small [20 MWe] prototype advanced fast reactor a couple of chances to melt down.", "Pete Planchon, the engineer who conducted the tests for an international audience quipped \"Back in 1986, we actually gave a small [20 MWe] prototype advanced fast reactor a couple of chances to melt down. It politely refused both times.\" Liquid sodium presents safety problems because it ignites spontaneously on contact with air and can cause explosions on contact with water. This was the case at the Monju Nuclear Power Plant in a 1995 accident and fire. To reduce the risk of explosions following a leak of water from the steam turbines, the IFR design (as with other sodium-cooled fast reactors) includes an intermediate liquid-metal coolant loop between the reactor and the steam turbines. The purpose of this loop is to ensure that any explosion following accidental mixing of sodium and turbine water would be limited to the secondary heat exchanger and not pose a risk to the reactor itself. Alternative designs use lead instead of sodium as the primary coolant. The disadvantages of lead are its higher density and viscosity, which increases pumping costs, and radioactive activation products resulting from neutron absorption. A lead-bismuth eutectate, as used in some Russian submarine reactors, has lower viscosity and density, but the same activation product problems can occur. The goals of the IFR project were to increase the efficiency of uranium usage by breeding plutonium and eliminating the need for transuranic isotopes ever to leave the site. The reactor was an unmoderated design running on fast neutrons, designed to allow any transuranic isotope to be consumed (and in some cases used as fuel). Compared to current light-water reactors with a once-through fuel cycle that induces fission (and derives energy) from less than 1% of the uranium found in nature, a breeder reactor like the IFR has a very efficient (99.5% of uranium undergoes fission) fuel cycle. The basic scheme used pyroelectric separation, a common method in other metallurgical processes, to remove transuranics and actinides from the wastes and concentrate them. These concentrated fuels were then reformed, on site, into new fuel elements. The available fuel metals were never separated from the plutonium isotopes nor from all the fission products, and therefore relatively difficult to use in nuclear weapons. Also, plutonium never had to leave the site, and thus was far less open to unauthorized diversion. Another important benefit of removing the long half-life transuranics from the waste cycle is that the remaining waste becomes a much shorter-term hazard. After the actinides (reprocessed uranium, plutonium, and minor actinides) are recycled, the remaining radioactive waste isotopes are fission products, with half-life of 90 years (Sm-151) or less or 211,100 years (Tc-99) and more; plus any activation products from the non-fuel reactor components. IFR-style reactors produce much less waste than LWR-style reactors, and can even utilize other waste as fuel. The primary argument for pursuing IFR-style technology today is that it provides the best solution to the existing nuclear waste problem because fast reactors can be fueled from the waste products of existing reactors as well as from the plutonium used in weapons, as is the case in the operating, as of 2014, BN-800 reactor. Depleted uranium (DU) waste can also be used as fuel in fast reactors. The waste products of IFR reactors either have a short half-life, which means that they decay quickly and become relatively safe, or a long halflife, which means that they are only slightly radioactive. Due to pyroprocessing the total volume of true waste/fission products is 1/20th the volume of spent fuel produced by a light water plant of the same power output, and is often all considered to be waste. 70% of fission products are either stable or have half lives under one year. Technetium-99 and iodine-129, which constitute 6% of fission products, have very long half lives but can be transmuted to isotopes with very short half lives (15.46 seconds and 12.36 hours) by neutron absorption within a reactor, effectively destroying them (see more Long-lived fission products). Zirconium-93, another 5% of fission products, could in principle be recycled into fuel-pin cladding, where it does not matter that it is radioactive. Excluding the contribution from Transuranic waste(TRU) - which are isotopes produced when U-238 captures a slow thermal neutron in a LWR but does not fission, all the remaining high level waste/fission products(\"FP\") left over from reprocessing out the TRU fuel, is less radiotoxic(in Sieverts) than natural uranium(in a gram to gram comparison) within 400 years, and it continues its decline following this.<ref name=\"pg 15 see SV/g chart\"></ref> Edwin Sayre has estimated that a ton of fission products(which also include the very weakly radioactive Palladium-107 etc.) reduced to metal, has a market value of $16 million. The two forms of IFR waste produced, contain no plutonium or other actinides. The radioactivity of the waste decays to levels similar to the original ore in about 300–400 years. The on-site reprocessing of fuel means that the volume of high level nuclear waste leaving the plant is tiny compared to LWR spent fuel. In fact, in the U.S. most spent LWR fuel has remained in storage at the reactor site instead of being transported for reprocessing or placement in a geological repository.", "In fact, in the U.S. most spent LWR fuel has remained in storage at the reactor site instead of being transported for reprocessing or placement in a geological repository. The smaller volumes of high level waste from reprocessing could stay at reactor sites for some time, but are intensely radioactive from medium-lived fission products(MLFPs) and need to be stored securely, like in the present Dry cask storage vessels. In its first few decades of use, before the MLFP's decay to lower heat producing levels, geological repository capacity is constrained not by volume but by heat generation, and decay heat generation from medium-lived fission products is about the same per unit power from any kind of fission reactor, limiting early repository emplacement. The potential complete removal of plutonium from the waste stream of the reactor reduces the concern that presently exists with spent nuclear fuel from most other reactors that arises with burying or storing their spent fuel in a geological repository, as they could possibly be used as a plutonium mine at some future date. \"Despite the million-fold reduction in radiotoxicity offered by this scheme, some believe that actinide removal would offer few if any significant advantages for disposal in a geologic repository because some of the fission product nuclides of greatest concern in scenarios such as groundwater leaching actually have longer half-lives than the radioactive actinides. These concerns do not consider the plan to store such materials in insoluble Synroc, and do not measure hazards in proportion to those from natural sources such as medical x-rays, cosmic rays, or natural radioactive rocks (such as granite). These persons are concerned with radioactive fission products such as technetium-99, iodine-129, and cesium-135 with half-lives between 213,000 and 15.7 million years\" Some of which are being targeted for transmutation to belay even these comparatively low concerns, for example the IFR's positive void coefficient could be reduced to an acceptable level by adding technetium to the core, helping destroy the long-lived fission product technetium-99 by nuclear transmutation in the process. (see more Long-lived fission products) IFRs use virtually all of the energy content in the uranium fuel whereas a traditional light water reactor uses less than 0.65% of the energy in mined uranium, and less than 5% of the energy in enriched uranium. Both IFRs and LWRs do not emit CO during operation, although construction and fuel processing result in CO emissions, if energy sources which are not carbon neutral (such as fossil fuels), or CO emitting cements are used during the construction process. A 2012 Yale University review published in the Journal of Industrial Ecology analyzing life cycle assessment emissions from nuclear power determined that: Although the paper primarily dealt with data from Generation II reactors, and did not analyze the emissions by 2050 of the presently under construction Generation III reactors, it did summarize the Life Cycle Assessment findings of in development reactor technologies.\" Fast reactor fuel must be at least 20% fissile, greater than the low enriched uranium used in LWRs. The fissile material could initially include highly enriched uranium or plutonium, from LWR spent fuel, decommissioned nuclear weapons, or other sources. During operation the reactor breeds more fissile material from fertile material, at most about 5% more from uranium, and 1% more from thorium. The fertile material in fast reactor fuel can be depleted uranium (mostly U-238), natural uranium, thorium, or reprocessed uranium from spent fuel from traditional light water reactors, and even include nonfissile isotopes of plutonium and minor actinide isotopes. Assuming no leakage of actinides to the waste stream during reprocessing, a 1GWe IFR-style reactor would consume about 1 ton of fertile material per year and produce about 1 ton of fission products. The IFR fuel cycle's reprocessing by pyroprocessing (in this case, electrorefining) does not need to produce pure plutonium free of fission product radioactivity as the PUREX process is designed to do. The purpose of reprocessing in the IFR fuel cycle is simply to reduce the level of those fission products that are neutron poisons; even those need not be completely removed. The electrorefined spent fuel is highly radioactive, but because new fuel need not be precisely fabricated like LWR fuel pellets but can simply be cast, remote fabrication can be used, reducing exposure to workers. Like any fast reactor, by changing the material used in the blankets, the IFR can be operated over a spectrum from breeder to self-sufficient to burner. In breeder mode (using U-238 blankets) it will produce more fissile material than it consumes. This is useful for providing fissile material for starting up other plants. Using steel reflectors instead of U-238 blankets, the reactor operates in pure burner mode and is not a net creator of fissile material; on balance it will consume fissile and fertile material and, assuming loss-free reprocessing, output no actinides but only fission products and activation products. Amount of fissile material needed could be a limiting factor to very widespread deployment of fast reactors, if stocks of surplus weapons plutonium and LWR spent fuel plutonium are not sufficient. To maximize the rate at which fast reactors can be deployed, they can be operated in maximum breeding mode. Because the current cost of enriched uranium is low compared to the expected cost of large-scale pyroprocessing and electrorefining equipment and the cost of building a secondary coolant loop, the higher fuel costs of a thermal reactor over the expected operating lifetime of the plant are offset by increased capital cost.", "Because the current cost of enriched uranium is low compared to the expected cost of large-scale pyroprocessing and electrorefining equipment and the cost of building a secondary coolant loop, the higher fuel costs of a thermal reactor over the expected operating lifetime of the plant are offset by increased capital cost. (Currently in the United States, utilities pay a flat rate of 1/10 of a cent per kilowatt hour to the Government for disposal of high level radioactive waste by law under the Nuclear Waste Policy Act. If this charge were based on the longevity of the waste, closed fuel cycles might become more financially competitive. As the planned geological repository in the form of Yucca Mountain is not going ahead, this fund has collected over the years and presently $25 billion has piled up on the Government's doorstep for something they have not delivered, that is, reducing the hazard posed by the waste. Reprocessing nuclear fuel using pyroprocessing and electrorefining has not yet been demonstrated on a commercial scale, so investing in a large IFR-style plant may be a higher financial risk than a conventional light water reactor. The IFR uses metal alloy fuel (uranium/plutonium/zirconium) which is a good conductor of heat, unlike the LWR's (and even some fast breeder reactors') uranium oxide which is a poor conductor of heat and reaches high temperatures at the center of fuel pellets. The IFR also has a smaller volume of fuel, since the fissile material is diluted with fertile material by a ratio of 5 or less, compared to about 30 for LWR fuel. The IFR core requires more heat removal per core volume during operation than the LWR core; but on the other hand, after a shutdown, there is far less trapped heat that is still diffusing out and needs to be removed. However, decay heat generation from short-lived fission products and actinides is comparable in both cases, starting at a high level and decreasing with time elapsed after shutdown. The high volume of liquid sodium primary coolant in the pool configuration is designed to absorb decay heat without reaching fuel melting temperature. The primary sodium pumps are designed with flywheels so they will coast down slowly (90 seconds) if power is removed. This coast-down further aids core cooling upon shutdown. If the primary cooling loop were to be somehow suddenly stopped, or if the control rods were suddenly removed, the metal fuel can melt as accidentally demonstrated in EBR-I, however the melting fuel is then extruded up the steel fuel cladding tubes and out of the active core region leading to permanent reactor shutdown and no further fission heat generation or fuel melting. With metal fuel, the cladding is not breached and no radioactivity is released even in extreme overpower transients. Self-regulation of the IFR's power level depends mainly on thermal expansion of the fuel which allows more neutrons to escape, damping the chain reaction. LWRs have less effect from thermal expansion of fuel (since much of the core is the neutron moderator) but have strong negative feedback from Doppler broadening (which acts on thermal and epithermal neutrons, not fast neutrons) and negative void coefficient from boiling of the water moderator/coolant; the less dense steam returns fewer and less-thermalized neutrons to the fuel, which are more likely to be captured by U-238 than induce fissions. However, the IFR's positive void coefficient could be reduced to an acceptable level by adding technetium to the core, helping destroy the long-lived fission product technetium-99 by nuclear transmutation in the process. IFRs are able to withstand both a \"loss of flow without SCRAM\" and \"loss of heat sink without SCRAM\". In addition to passive shutdown of the reactor, the convection current generated in the primary coolant system will prevent fuel damage (core meltdown). These capabilities were demonstrated in the EBR-II. The ultimate goal is that no radioactivity will be released under any circumstance. The flammability of sodium is a risk to operators. Sodium burns easily in air, and will ignite spontaneously on contact with water. The use of an intermediate coolant loop between the reactor and the turbines minimizes the risk of a sodium fire in the reactor core. Under neutron bombardment, sodium-24 is produced. This is highly radioactive, emitting an energetic gamma ray of 2.7 MeV followed by a beta decay to form magnesium-24. Half-life is only 15 hours, so this isotope is not a long-term hazard. Nevertheless, the presence of sodium-24 further necessitates the use of the intermediate coolant loop between the reactor and the turbines. IFRs and Light water reactors (LWRs) both produce reactor grade plutonium, and even at high burnups remains weapons usable, but the IFR fuel cycle has some design features that would make proliferation more difficult than the current PUREX recycling of spent LWR fuel. For one thing, it may operate at higher burnups and therefore increase the relative abundance of the non-fissile, but fertile, isotopes Plutonium-238, Plutonium-240 and Plutonium-242. Unlike PUREX reprocessing, the IFR's electrolytic reprocessing of spent fuel did not separate out pure plutonium, and left it mixed with minor actinides and some rare earth fission products which make the theoretical ability to make a bomb directly out of it considerably dubious. Rather than being transported from a large centralized reprocessing plant to reactors at other locations, as is common now in France, from La Hague to its dispersed nuclear fleet of LWRs, the IFR pyroprocessed fuel would be much more resistant to unauthorized diversion.", "Rather than being transported from a large centralized reprocessing plant to reactors at other locations, as is common now in France, from La Hague to its dispersed nuclear fleet of LWRs, the IFR pyroprocessed fuel would be much more resistant to unauthorized diversion. The material with the mix of plutonium isotopes in an IFR would stay at the reactor site and then be burnt up practically in-situ, alternatively, if operated as a breeder reactor, some of the pyroprocessed fuel could be consumed by the same or other reactors located elsewhere. However, as is the case with conventional aqueous reprocessing, it would remain possible to chemically extract all the plutonium isotopes from the pyroprocessed/recycled fuel and would be much easier to do so from the recycled product than from the original spent fuel, although compared to other conventional recycled nuclear fuel, MOX, it would be more difficult, as the IFR recycled fuel contains more fission products than MOX and due to its higher burnup, more proliferation resistant Pu-240 than MOX. An advantage of the IFRs actinides removal and burn up (actinides include plutonium) from its spent fuel, is to eliminate concerns about leaving the IFRs spent fuel or indeed conventional, and therefore comparatively lower burnup, spent fuel - which can contain weapons usable plutonium isotope concentrations in a geological repository(or the more common dry cask storage) which then might be mined sometime in the future for the purpose of making weapons.\" Because reactor-grade plutonium contains isotopes of plutonium with high spontaneous fission rates, and the ratios of these troublesome isotopes-from a weapons manufacturing point of view, only increases as the fuel is burnt up for longer and longer, it is considerably more difficult to produce fission nuclear weapons which will achieve a substantial yield from higher-burnup spent fuel than from conventional, moderately burnt up, LWR spent fuel. Therefore, proliferation risks are considerably reduced with the IFR system by many metrics, but not entirely eliminated. The plutonium from ALMR recycled fuel would have an isotopic composition similar to that obtained from other high burnt up spent nuclear fuel sources. Although this makes the material less attractive for weapons production, it could be used in weapons at varying degrees of sophistication/with fusion boosting. The U.S. government detonated a nuclear device in 1962 using then defined \"reactor-grade plutonium\", although in more recent categorizations it would instead be considered as fuel-grade plutonium, typical of that produced by low burn up magnox reactors. Plutonium produced in the fuel of a breeder reactor generally has a higher fraction of the isotope plutonium-240, than that produced in other reactors, making it less attractive for weapons use, particularly in first generation nuclear weapon designs similar to Fat Man. This offers an intrinsic degree of proliferation resistance, but the plutonium made in the blanket of uranium surrounding the core, if such a blanket is used, is usually of a high Pu-239 quality, containing very little Pu-240, making it highly attractive for weapons use. \"Although some recent proposals for the future of the ALMR/IFR concept have focused more on its ability to transform and irreversibly use up plutonium, such as the conceptual PRISM (reactor) and the in operation(2014) BN-800 reactor in Russia, the developers of the IFR acknowledge that it is 'uncontested that the IFR can be configured as a net producer of plutonium'.\" As mentioned above, if operated not as a burner, but as a breeder, the IFR has a clear proliferation potential \"if instead of processing spent fuel, the ALMR system were used to reprocess \"irradiated fertile (breeding) material\" (that is if a blanket of breeding U-238 was used), the resulting plutonium would be a superior material, with a nearly ideal isotope composition for nuclear weapons manufacture.\" A commercial version of the IFR, S-PRISM, can be built in a factory and transported to the site. This small modular design (311 MWe modules) reduces costs and allows nuclear plants of various sizes (311 MWe and any integer multiple) to be economically constructed. Cost assessments taking account of the complete life cycle show that fast reactors could be no more expensive than the most widely used reactors in the world – water-moderated water-cooled reactors. Unlike reactors that use relatively slow low energy (thermal) neutrons, fast-neutron reactors need nuclear reactor coolant that does not moderate or block neutrons (like water does in an LWR) so that they have sufficient energy to fission actinide isotopes that are fissionable but not fissile. The core must also be compact and contain as small amount of material that might act as neutron moderators as possible. Metal sodium (Na) coolant in many ways has the most attractive combination of properties for this purpose. In addition to not being a neutron moderator, desirable physical characteristics include: Other benefits: Abundant and low cost material. Cleaning with chlorine produces non-toxic table salt. Compatible with other materials used in the core (does not react or dissolve stainless steel) so no special corrosion protection measures needed. Low pumping power (from light weight and low viscosity). Maintains an oxygen (and water) free environment by reacting with trace amounts to make sodium oxide or sodium hydroxide and hydrogen, thereby protecting other components from corrosion. Light weight (low density) improves resistance to seismic inertia events (earthquakes.) Drawbacks: Extreme fire hazard with any significant amounts of air (oxygen) and spontaneous combustion with water, rendering sodium leaks and flooding dangerous.", "Drawbacks: Extreme fire hazard with any significant amounts of air (oxygen) and spontaneous combustion with water, rendering sodium leaks and flooding dangerous. This was the case at the Monju Nuclear Power Plant in a 1995 accident and fire. Reactions with water produce hydrogen which can be explosive. Sodium activation product (isotope) Na releases dangerous energetic photons when it decays (however it has a very short half-life of 15 hours). Reactor design keeps Na in the reactor pool and carries away heat for power production using a secondary sodium loop, adding costs to construction and maintenance. Study released by UChicago Argonne Research on the reactor began in 1984 at Argonne National Laboratory in Argonne, Illinois. Argonne is a part of the U.S. Department of Energy's national laboratory system, and is operated on a contract by the University of Chicago. Argonne previously had a branch campus named \"Argonne West\" in Idaho Falls, Idaho that is now part of the Idaho National Laboratory. In the past, at the branch campus, physicists from Argonne had built what was known as the Experimental Breeder Reactor II (EBR II). In the mean time, physicists at Argonne had designed the IFR concept, and it was decided that the EBR II would be converted to an IFR. Charles Till, a Canadian physicist from Argonne, was the head of the IFR project, and Yoon Chang was the deputy head. Till was positioned in Idaho, while Chang was in Illinois. With the election of President Bill Clinton in 1992, and the appointment of Hazel O'Leary as the Secretary of Energy, there was pressure from the top to cancel the IFR. Sen. John Kerry (D-MA) and O'Leary led the opposition to the reactor, arguing that it would be a threat to non-proliferation efforts, and that it was a continuation of the Clinch River Breeder Reactor Project that had been canceled by Congress. Simultaneously, in 1994 Energy Secretary O'Leary awarded the lead IFR scientist with $10,000 and a gold medal, with the citation stating his work to develop IFR technology provided \"improved safety, more efficient use of fuel and less radioactive waste.\" IFR opponents also presented a report by the DOE's Office of Nuclear Safety regarding a former Argonne employee's allegations that Argonne had retaliated against him for raising concerns about safety, as well as about the quality of research done on the IFR program. The report received international attention, with a notable difference in the coverage it received from major scientific publications. The British journal \"Nature\" entitled its article \"Report backs whistleblower\", and also noted conflicts of interest on the part of a DOE panel that assessed IFR research. In contrast, the article that appeared in \"Science\" was entitled \"Was Argonne Whistleblower Really Blowing Smoke?\". Remarkably, that article did not disclose that the Director of Argonne National Laboratories, Alan Schriesheim, was a member of the Board of Directors of \"Science\"'s parent organization, the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Despite support for the reactor by then-Rep. Richard Durbin (D-IL) and U.S. Senators Carol Moseley Braun (D-IL) and Paul Simon (D-IL), funding for the reactor was slashed, and it was ultimately canceled in 1994 by S.Amdt. 2127 to H.R. 4506, at greater cost than finishing it. When this was brought to President Clinton's attention, he said \"I know; it's a symbol.\" By this time Senator Kerry and the majority of democrats had switched to supporting the continuation of the program. The final count was to 52 to 46 to terminate the program, with 36 republicans and 16 democrats voting for its termination, while just 8 republicans and 38 democrats voted for its continuation. In 2001, as part of the Generation IV roadmap, the DOE tasked a 242-person team of scientists from DOE, UC Berkeley, MIT, Stanford, ANL, LLNL, Toshiba, Westinghouse, Duke, EPRI, and other institutions to evaluate 19 of the best reactor designs on 27 different criteria. The IFR ranked #1 in their study which was released April 9, 2002. At present there are no Integral Fast Reactors in commercial operation, however a very similar fast reactor, operated as a burner of plutonium stockpiles, the BN-800 reactor, became commercially operational in 2014." ]

[ "Time Traveller (The Moody Blues album) Time Traveller is a five-disc compilation album by The Moody Blues. The set is presented in strict chronological order, beginning with the 1966 addition of Justin Hayward and John Lodge (omitting the earlier Denny Laine and Clint Warwick-led R&B period), shortly before the release of \"Days of Future Passed\", and continuing through 1993's \"A Night at Red Rocks with the Colorado Symphony Orchestra\". The set includes several previously unreleased or rare tracks, songs from the Hayward/Lodge album \"Blue Jays\", and a solo track (\"Forever Autumn\") by Hayward. The bonus fifth disc contains a contribution to the FIFA album \"Soccer Rocks the Globe\" otherwise unavailable on a Moody Blues album, plus eight live recordings that were cut from the original 1993 release of \"A Night at Red Rocks with the Colorado Symphony Orchestra\" but later included in the 2003 2-CD deluxe re-release of \"A Night at Red Rocks\". The fifth disc was omitted from the 1996 and later re-releases of \"Time Traveller\", thus this version of the set ends with the \"Keys of the Kingdom\" sessions. All songs written by Justin Hayward and performed by The Moody Blues unless noted." ]

[ "Ottomar Ladva Ottomar Ladva (born 17 June 1997) is an Estonian chess grandmaster. He is a four-time Estonian Chess Champion (2013, 2015, 2016 and 2018). Ottomar Ladva won the Estonian Junior Chess Championships (U18) in 2010, 2012, 2013 and 2014. Since 2006 he has participated in the European Junior Chess Championships and in European Union's Junior Chess Championships in different age groups. In the Estonian Chess Championship Ladva has won four gold (2013, 2015, 2016, 2018) and silver (2014) medals. He became the youngest Estonian Chess Championship winner at age 15, when he beat Lembit Oll's (1982) record. In June 2015 Ladva won a round-robin tournament in Riga finalised to get a Grandmaster norm. Ottomar Ladva represented Estonia in Chess Olympiads:" ]

[ "Karl Hein Karl Hein (11 June 1908 – 10 July 1982) was a German hammer thrower who won a gold medal at the 1936 Summer Olympics held in Berlin. By early 1930s Hein had married and retired from athletics. He resumed competing after watching a film about the 1932 Olympics, and remained active until late 1950s, winning the national championships in 1936–38 and 1946–47 and placing second in 1956. In 1938 he set two world records and won the European title. In 1962 he was awarded the . Hein died from a stroke aged 74. His son Karl-Peter also competed in hammer throw, at the national level." ]

[ "Francis Augustus Nelson Francis Augustus Nelson (1878–1950) was an architect from Montclair, New Jersey. Francis A. Nelson was born on February 2, 1878 at Honolulu, Hawaii, the son of Dr. Henry Clay Nelson, a US Navy surgeon. In 1893, the year his father died, Francis Nelson was boarding at St. Paul's School, Concord, New Hampshire. On June 5, 1900, Nelson married Helen Ackerman at the Memorial Presbyterian Church, Park Slope, Brooklyn, and on June 10, he graduated from Columbia University with a Bachelor of Science in Architecture. In 1903, Nelson won a McKim Fellowship of $900, administered by Columbia University, for travel abroad. Beginning about 1905, Nelson taught architectural design at Columbia University, remaining on the faculty until at least 1917. During the same period, he practiced architecture in partnership with Hubert Van Wagenen, a Columbia graduate of the class of 1899. The partnership ended with Wagenen's death in 1915. In 1920, Nelson's office was located at 15 West 38th Street, New York City, but by 1915 he was living in Upper Montclair, New Jersey, where about 1916 he built a house for himself and his family at 303 Highland Avenue. Nelson lived there until his death in March 1950." ]

[ "808th Tank Destroyer Battalion The 808th Tank Destroyer Battalion was a tank destroyer battalion of the United States Army active during the Second World War. The battalion was activated on 27 March 1942. It deployed into Normandy on 19 September, equipped with towed 3\" anti-tank guns. It first saw action six days later, on the 25th, when it was attached to the 80th Infantry Division. It was detached from the 80th on 21 December, and moved to participate in the Battle of the Bulge, where it protected the flank of XII Corps through to late January. Elements of the division fought with the 5th Infantry Division in late December. In February 1945 it re-equipped with M36 tank destroyers, and was then attached to the 76th Infantry Division for the drive to the Rhine. In April it was transferred to 65th Infantry Division and pushed through southern Germany with Third Army. At the beginning of May it moved to Linz, and ended the war inside Austria." ]

[ "Daryn Colledge Daryn Wayne Colledge (born February 11, 1982) is a former American football offensive guard that played in the National Football League (NFL). He was selected in the second round of the 2006 NFL Draft by the Green Bay Packers and won Super Bowl XLV with them over the Pittsburgh Steelers. He also played professionally for the Arizona Cardinals and Miami Dolphins and played college football for Boise State University. Born in Fairbanks, Alaska, Colledge grew up in nearby North Pole. He graduated from North Pole High School and was a first team all state defensive lineman. A four-year starter at Boise State under head coach Dan Hawkins, Colledge was a two-time All-WAC selection in 2004 and 2005, and was second-team in 2003 as a sophomore. Colledge was selected by the Packers in the second round (47th overall) of the 2006 NFL Draft, the highest-ever selection from the state of Alaska. During his fifth and final season in Green Bay in 2010, the Packers won Super Bowl XLV, beating the Pittsburgh Steelers by a score of 31–25. He became an unrestricted free agent and on July 29, 2011, Colledge announced on his Twitter page that he and the Arizona Cardinals agreed to a 5-year contract. On March 8, 2014 Arizona told Colledge he would be released into free agency on Tuesday, March 11. By waiting until Tuesday, the Cardinals were able to spread the cap charge of releasing Colledge over a period of two years. On June 30, 2014 the Miami Dolphins acquired Daryn Colledge through free agency, signing him to a one-year contract worth $2,000,000. After the 2014 season, Colledge retired. On March 22, 2016, Colledge announced that he enlisted in the Idaho Army National Guard." ]

[ "Sam Keeley Samuel Keeley (born 1991) is an Irish actor from County Offaly. He starred in RTÉ's hit television series \"Raw\" and Irish indie film \"The Cured\". Keeley was raised in Tullamore in Offaly in the Republic of Ireland. In his earlier years he had an interest in establishing a music career. Whilst attending Coláiste Choilm Secondary School, his interest in acting developed and he expanded his acting skills following his failure to complete his Leaving Certificate exams. In his early 20s he shared his time living between Tullamore and Dublin. During the making of \"The Cured\", he became a vegetarian. In 2016, he left Dublin to reside partly in Iceland. Keeley's first major acting break was in the role of Philip in the Irish television drama \"Raw\". He later appeared in the films \"Burnt\", \"\", \"The Siege of Jadotville\", \"In the Heart of the Sea\" and \"The Cured\". He also appeared in E4 TV series \"Misfits\"." ]

[ "Trypanisma prudens Trypanisma prudens is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It was described by James Brackenridge Clemens in 1860. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Michigan, Mississippi, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina and Tennessee. The wingspan is about 9 mm. The forewings are yellowish white, but thickly suffused with black and gray scales, so that the wings look light gray to the naked eye. At the middle of the cell is a circular group of dense black scales, followed by a patch of yellow, with only slight dark sprinkling. At the beginning of costal cilia is a nearly black large outwardly directed streak, and on the dorsal side opposite a small corresponding black patch. These black markings are edged broadly on the outside with unsprinkled yellow. The hindwings are light silvery grey. The larvae feed on \"Quercus\" and \"Fagus\" species. Pupation takes place in a slight web on the underside of a leaf, which is drawn into a shallow fold." ]

[ "Palace Theater (Luverne, Minnesota) The Palace Theater is a historic theater and performing arts center in Luverne, Minnesota. Located downtown, it is owned by the city of Luverne and operated by the Blue Mound Area Theatre Board of Directors. The theater offers live events, movies, concerts, live theater, seminars, and performances by the Green Earth Players. The 550-seat theater was built in 1915, as a venue for silent films, and live theater. It was constructed in 1915 by architect W.E.E. Greene for owners Herman and Maude Jochims. Much of the theater remains original, including the painted wall panels, stage curtains, and the stylistic wall and ceiling decor. The Palace has its original theatre organ, made by the Geneva Organ Company. The organ was installed in 1926 to provide accompanying music for the silent movies. The organ has recently been restored, and is one of only a few theater organs that remain where first installed. In addition, it is the oldest working theater organ of its make and model in the United States. The second story of the building was designed and used as a ballroom. It was later turned into an apartment for the Jochims. It now houses many pictures and pieces of furniture from the original Palace Theater. The Palace Theatre was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on November 19, 1978." ]

[ "Field test mode Field test mode (FTM) or field test display (FTD) is a software application often pre-installed on mobile phones that provides the user with technical details, statistics relating to the mobile phone network and allows the user to run hardware tests on the phone. On older Nokia phones this mode is known as Netmonitor while newer Series 60 phones have a Field test application which requires a hacked phone to be installed. Many other brands of phones have similar functionality available, often accessed by entering a code into the phone. For GSM phones it may provide such details as" ]

[ "Arthur Hawkins Sir Arthur Ernest Hawkins OBE, B.Sc. Engineering, Chartered Engineer (UK), F.I.Mech.E., F.I.E.E., M.Inst.F. (10 June 1913 – 13 January 1999), was an English mechanical and electrical engineer. Born in Lympley Stoke, Bath, Somerset and educated at the Great Yarmouth High School. He joined the CEGB and was heavily involved in the 275 kV and 400 kV Supergrid in the department of the Transmission Project Group. He married Laura Judith Tallent Draper in Marylebone Middlesex 1939. At the inception of the first 2000 MW power station West Burton in 1969 Arthur was then in charge of the CEGB Midlands Region based in Moseley Birmingham. He was made chairman of the CEGB in 1972 preceded by Sir Stanley Brown and proceeded by Glyn England in 1977. In June 1976 he was awarded the OBE as Chairman of the CEGB. After retirement he served as a director with the Community of St Andrew Trust at Lincolns Inn, London. He is survived by his son Andrew Hawkins and daughter Ruth Hawkins. After privatisation of the industry in 1991 commentators made the link to the lack of British energy policy to the days of the CEGB ‘Oh for the glory days of Sir Arthur Hawkins and the Central Electricity Generating Board. I never thought I'd say that about an organisation that seemed, at the time, to embody the very worst aspects of post-war corporatism and central government planning. But compared with the abject chaos into which British energy policy has descended since privatisation, the absolute rule of the CEGB seems a paragon of virtue.’" ]

[ "Tom Farquharson Tom Farquharson (4 December 1899 – 24 December 1970) was an Irish footballer who played as a goalkeeper for Cardiff City between 1921 and 1934. A dual internationalist, he also played for both Ireland teams – the FAI XI and the IFA XI. In 1927, Farquharson was a member of the Cardiff City team that became the only non-English team to win the FA Cup. He played 445 English League games for Cardiff, which remained a club record until 1985. During his career Farquharson became known as the \"Penalty King\" for his many fine saves from spot kicks. One of his tactics was to move along the line to unsettle the penalty-taker. During the quarter-final of the 1927 FA Cup against Chelsea, he charged at the taker, Andy Wilson and blocked it on the six yard line. This tactic was so effective that in 1929 the law was changed to require the goalkeeper not to move his feet until the ball had been kicked. Farquharson's son Donald Farquharson was also an accomplished sportsman and was an early pioneer of Masters athletics. His great-grandson Steve Farquharson was drafted to the Ontario Hockey League in the 3rd round (58th overall) to the Toronto St. Michael's Majors where he played two season before playing one season with the Barrie Colts Farquharson was born on 4 December 1899 at 3 Lismore Cottages, Botanic Avenue, Dublin, to Thomas Farquharson, a sanitary contractor, and Margaret Cassin. A Presbyterian, he was brought up in the football heartland of Drumcondra. As a youth Farquharson played football with Annually in Ireland and helped them reach the final of the Leinster Minor Cup. However he had to leave Dublin because of his Republican sympathies during the Irish War of Independence. A student at the time, he had been arrested, along with his friend Seán Lemass, later to become Taoiseach, for pulling down British Army posters in St. Stephen's Green. This proved embarrassing to his father, who did a lot of business with the British, and after Tom was released on bail, he was packed off to work in Blackwood, Caerphilly in south Wales. On arriving in Wales, he took up rugby union, but when the Welsh League side Oakdale found themselves short of a goalkeeper, Farquharson offered his services. He then moved onto Southern League side Abertillery for the 1921–22 season. Farquharson soon attracted the interest of First Division side Cardiff City and made his debut for the club on the last day of the 1921–22 season. He went on to make 445 league appearances for Cardiff and helped them finish First Division runners up in 1923–24. He also played a further 34 games for Cardiff in the FA Cup, helping them reach the final in both 1925 and 1927. They lost the first final to Sheffield United but in 1927 they beat Arsenal 1–0, becoming the first and to date the only non-English team to win the competition. Among Farquharson’s team mates that day was fellow Irish international Sam Irving. Farquharson also played 38 games for Cardiff in the Welsh Cup helping them win the competition four times. When Farquharson began his international career in 1923 there were, in effect, two Ireland teams, chosen by two rival associations. Both associations, the Northern Ireland – based IFA and the Irish Free State – based FAI claimed jurisdiction over the whole of Ireland and selected players from the whole island. As a result, several notable Irish players from this era, including Farquharson, played for both teams. In April 1931 this situation saw Farquharson briefly embroiled in controversy when he was called up by the IFA to play against Wales but opted instead to play for the FAI XI against Spain. Between 1923 and 1927 Farquharson played seven times for the IFA XI. He made his debut for the IFA XI on 3 March 1923 in a 1–0 defeat to Scotland. On 10 October 1923, together with Sam Irving, Bobby Irvine and Billy Gillespie, Farquharson was a member the IFA XI that beat England 2–1 at Windsor Park. He made his last appearance for the IFA XI on 28 February 1925 in a 3–0 defeat to Scotland. Between 1929 and 1931 Farquharson also played 4 times for the FAI XI. He made his debut for the FAI XI on 20 April 1929 in a 4–0 win against Belgium at Dalymount Park. On 11 May 1930 he won his second cap for the FAI XI when he played against Belgium again, helping them to a 3–1 away win. The highlight of his appearances for the FAI XI came on 26 April 1931 when he helped them hold Spain to 1–1 draw in the Montjuic Stadium in Barcelona. Farquharson was team captain and after conceding a penalty, he went on to make a great save. He made his last appearance for the FAI XI on 13 December 1931 in 5–0 defeat to Spain at Dalymount Park." ]

[ "The Criterion The Criterion was a British literary magazine published from October 1922 to January 1939. \"The Criterion\" (or the \"Criterion\") was, for most of its run, a quarterly journal, although for a period in 1927–28 it was published monthly. It was created by the poet, dramatist, and literary critic T. S. Eliot who served as its editor for its entire run. Eliot's goal was to make it a literary review dedicated to the maintenance of standards and the reunification of a European intellectual community. Although in a letter to a friend in 1935 George Orwell had said \"for pure snootiness it beats anything I have ever seen\", writing in 1944 he referred to it as \"possibly the best literary paper we have ever had\". The first issue of the magazine, of which 600 copies were printed, included Eliot's \"The Waste Land\". In its first year, it received contributions from Luigi Pirandello, Virginia Woolf, Ezra Pound, E. M. Forster, and W. B. Yeats. Other contributors over the years included Wyndham Lewis, Herbert Read, John Middleton Murry, John Gould Fletcher, W. H. Auden, Stephen Spender, and Hart Crane. Nine contributions in 1924 and 1925 were made, pseudonymously, by Eliot's first wife, Vivienne Haigh-Wood, who suggested the journal's name. \"The Criterion\" became the first English periodical to publish Marcel Proust, Paul Valéry and Jean Cocteau. Lady Rothermere (Mary Lilian Share, the wife of the London newspaper magnate Harold Harmsworth, Viscount Rothermere) originally financed the journal, but on reading the first issue, she wrote three letters to Eliot criticizing it, and suggested ideas for later issues, including a story by Katherine Mansfield. After four years she withdrew her support and the magazine was acquired by Eliot's employer, Faber and Gwyer Publishing (later Faber & Faber). From January 1926, when Faber became the publisher, though January 1927 the journal was titled \"The New Criterion\". The issues from May 1927 though March 1928 were titled \"The Monthly Criterion\". Some of Eliot's other contributions include his short story \"On the Eve\", commentaries, and poems, including early versions of \"The Hollow Men\" and \"Ash Wednesday\". Together with its rival, \"Adelphi\", edited by John Middleton Murry, it was the leading literary journal of the period. While the former's definitions of literature were based on romanticism allied to liberalism and a subjective approach, Eliot used his publication for expounding his defense of classicism, tradition, and Catholicism. In this contest Eliot emerged a clear victor, in the sense that in the London of the 1930s he had taken the centre of the critical stage." ]

[ "Phantom Power (The Tragically Hip album) Phantom Power is the sixth studio album by the Canadian rock band The Tragically Hip. The album was released in 1998. It won the 1999 Juno Awards for Best Rock Album and Best Album Design. The album's first single, \"Poets\", reached #1 on \"RPM's\" alternative chart, and stayed #1 for 12 weeks straight, longer than any other song in the history of that chart. \"Bobcaygeon\" was also released as a single, and won the Juno Award for Single of the Year in 2000. It has since become recognized as one of the band's most enduring and beloved signature songs. The song \"Escape Is at Hand for the Travellin' Man\" is a tribute to Jim Ellison of Material Issue. The band recorded the song \"Something On\" while stuck in the studio during the ice storm of 1998. \"Phantom Power\" debuted at No. 1 on the Canadian Albums Chart with 108,000 units sold. The album has been certified triple platinum in Canada. All songs were written by The Tragically Hip." ]

[ "Antonio Brown Antonio Tavaris Brown Sr. (born July 10, 1988) is an American football wide receiver for the Pittsburgh Steelers of the National Football League (NFL). Raised in Liberty City, Miami, Brown attended Miami Norland High School where he played both football and track. He played college football at Central Michigan University, where he earned All-American honors in 2008 and 2009 as a punt returner. A sixth round pick, since entering the league, no player has amassed more receptions and receiving yards than Brown. During his first season with the Steelers, the team advanced to Super Bowl XLV, but lost to the Green Bay Packers. He finished his rookie season with 16 receptions for 167 yards in ten games. During his second season, Brown became the first player in NFL history to have more than 1,000 yards receiving and returning in the same year. For his efforts, Brown was selected as a punt returner for the 2012 Pro Bowl. On July 28, 2012, the Pittsburgh Steelers signed Brown to a five-year, $42.5 million extension that included an $8.5 million signing bonus. In 2013, Brown became the only receiver in NFL history to record five receptions and at least 50 yards in every single game of an NFL season. On February 27, 2017, Brown signed a new five-year contract with the Steelers through the 2021 season. Brown is the son of retired Arena Football League star Eddie Brown, who is considered the best Arena football player of all time. His father played wide receiver for the Albany Firebirds and collegiate football for Louisiana Tech. Brown attended Miami Norland High School in Miami, Florida, where he was a two-sport athlete in both football and track. In football, Brown played running back, quarterback, wide receiver, and punt returner for the Vikings. He was a two-time Class 6A all-state selection and was also named North Athlete of the Year at 2005 Miami-Dade Gridiron Classic. In track & field, Brown was a two-time state qualifier in the 100-meter dash, and also ran the fourth leg on the Norland 4 × 100 m relay squad, helping them capture the state title at 41.50 seconds. He spent a prep year in 2006 at North Carolina Tech. Coming out of high school, Brown applied to Florida State University. His admission was denied over academic concerns. After attempting to attend Alcorn State, he decided to enroll at North Carolina Tech Prep. Playing in just five games at quarterback, Brown passed for 1,247 yards and 11 touchdowns, while rushing for 451 yards and 13 touchdowns. Once he finished his lone season at North Carolina Tech Prep, he received a scholarship to play at Florida International University, but he was expelled before the season for an altercation with security. Brown then began reaching out to wide receivers coach Butch Jones at West Virginia, since he had been highly recruited by him. After learning that Jones had left West Virginia to become the head coach at Central Michigan, Brown enrolled at the school and started his college football career as a walk-on freshman. Brown attended and played college football for Central Michigan from 2007–2009. Brown began attending Central Michigan in 2007 after wide receivers coach Zach Azzanni told him he could fly to Michigan and try out for the team as a walk-on wide receiver. Transitioning from the quarterback position in high school to wide receiver in college was not that difficult for him, and after a few weeks, Central Michigan coaches offered him a scholarship. Brown had difficulty adjusting to the college lifestyle, and being on time for meetings and practice. Azzanni and his wife helped him get situated and into an established routine, and he soon became like a part of their family. During his first season at Central Michigan, Brown played in 14 games. He played well enough to win the Mid-American Conference Freshman of the Year and was All-Conference as a returner. For his freshman season, he had 102 receptions for 1,003 yards and six touchdowns. His 102 receptions led the Mid-American Conference in 2007. Brown started every game during his sophomore season in 2008. Against Temple, he had three receptions for 33 yards and a season-high two touchdown receptions. The next week, against Western Michigan, he had 10 receptions for 113 yards and threw a two-yard touchdown pass in the third quarter. On November 28, while playing at Eastern Michigan, he had seven receptions for a season-high 172 yards and a touchdown. For the season, Brown hauled in 93 receptions for 998 yards and seven touchdowns. His 410 punt return yards and 791 kick return yards that season led the conference. In his junior season against Akron on September 26, 2009, Brown had nine receptions for 89 yards and a season-high two touchdowns against the Zips. For the 2009 season, he had five games with over 100 receiving yards. In his last regular season game on January 6, 2010, against Troy, Brown had a season-high 13 receptions for 178 yards. He finished 2009 with single-season bests of 110 receptions (also a school record), 1,198 receiving yards, and nine touchdowns. For his career at Central Michigan, he had a school-record 305 receptions, (including the top three seasons with the most receptions in school history), 3,199 receiving yards (fourth all-time), and 22 touchdowns (third all-time). On January 7, 2010, he announced he would forgo his senior season and enter the 2010 NFL Draft.", "On January 7, 2010, he announced he would forgo his senior season and enter the 2010 NFL Draft. On January 7, 2010, Brown announced that he would forgo his senior season and enter the 2010 NFL Draft. Coming out of Central Michigan, the majority of analysts and scouts projected Brown to be a fifth or sixth round draft selection. He was ranked as the 37th best wide receiver by NFLDraftScout.com and was invited to the NFL combine, where he completed the entire workout and all the positional drills. Brown participated at Central Michigan's Pro Day and decided to try to improve on his 10, 20, and 40-yard dash times after being unsatisfied with the numbers he clocked at the combine. He was able to lower his time in all three categories. Using a pick received in a trade with the Arizona Cardinals, the Pittsburgh Steelers selected him in the sixth round (195th overall) in the 2010 NFL Draft. He was the 22nd of 27 wide receivers selected in the draft, and the second by the Pittsburgh Steelers behind Emmanuel Sanders. He picked the jersey number 84, which he explained: \"Eight times four is 32. Thirty-two teams looked past me, even the Steelers. So every time I go out there it’s a little added motivation.\" On June 15, 2010, the Pittsburgh Steelers signed Brown to a three-year, $1.28 million contract with a signing bonus of $73,075. He entered training camp competing with Emmanuel Sanders, Tyler Grisham, Stefan Logan, Isaiah Williams, and Brandon Logan to be the Steelers' backup wide receivers. Brown was named the Steelers' fifth wide receiver on their depth chart, behind veterans Hines Ward, Mike Wallace, Antwaan Randle El, and Arnaz Battle. On September 19, 2010, Brown made his regular season debut against the Tennessee Titans and returned two kicks and a punt for 128 yards, including an 89-yard touchdown from a reverse on the first play of the game. On October 3, 2010, Brown made his first career catch for a six-yard gain during a 17–14 loss to the Baltimore Ravens. During a Week 17 contest against the Cleveland Browns, Brown made a season-high four catches for 52 yards in a 41–9 victory. He finished his rookie season with 16 receptions for 167 yards in ten games. The Steelers finished the 2010 season with a 12-4 record and finished first in the AFC North. On January 15, 2011, Brown appeared in his first postseason game and caught a 58-yard pass on 3rd & 19 from Ben Roethlisberger to set up the game-winning touchdown. He finished his first playoff game with a season-high 75 yards on three receptions as the Steelers defeated the Baltimore Ravens in the AFC Divisional game 31-24. The following week in the AFC Championship game against the New York Jets, at the two-minute warning, Brown caught a 14-yard pass on 3rd & 6, sealing the 24-19 victory for the Steelers and advancing them to the Super Bowl. On February 6, 2011, he appeared in his first Super Bowl. He handled four kickoff returns, four punt returns, and finished with one catch for a one-yard gain in the 31–25 Super Bowl XLV loss to the Green Bay Packers. Brown entered training camp competing with Emmanuel Sanders, Arnaz Battle, Limas Sweed, and Jerricho Cotchery to be the Steelers' third wide receiver after the departure of Antwaan Randle El. He won the competition and was named the third wide receiver on the depth chart behind Hines Ward and Mike Wallace. Brown was also named the starting kick returner and punt returner. Brown made his first appearance of the season in the Steelers' season-opener against the Baltimore Ravens and finished with two receptions for 14 yards and had three kickoff returns for 34 yards in a 35–7 loss. On October 30, 2011, Brown had a season-high nine receptions for 67 yards and caught his first career touchdown reception on a seven-yard pass from Ben Roethlisberger in a 25–17 victory over the New England Patriots. The next game, he caught five passes for 109 yards, marking his first career game with over 100 receiving yards, in a 23-20 loss to the Baltimore Ravens. On November 13, 2011, he earned his first career start and made five receptions for 86 yards in a 24–17 defeat of the Cincinnati Bengals. On December 4, 2011, he returned a punt for a 60-yard touchdown and made two catches for 67 yards, as the Steelers routed the Cincinnati Bengals 35–7. The punt return for a touchdown was the first in his career and Brown was named AFC Special Teams Player of the Week for his performance. In a Week 14 win over the Cleveland Browns, he made his second start of the season and ended the game with five catches for a season-high 151-yards and scored a season-long 79-yard touchdown in a 14–3 victory. He finished the season with 69 receptions for 1,108 yards and two touchdown receptions in 16 games and three starts. The Pittsburgh Steelers finished 12-4 and received a playoff berth. On January 8, 2012, Brown caught five passes for 70 yards and had one carry for 18 yards in a 29–23 overtime loss to the Denver Broncos in the AFC Wild Card Round. Brown became the first player in NFL history to have more than 1,000 yards receiving and returning in the same year. For his efforts, Brown was selected as a punt returner for the 2012 Pro Bowl.", "For his efforts, Brown was selected as a punt returner for the 2012 Pro Bowl. On January 29, 2012, Brown appeared in his first career Pro Bowl and caught two passes for 15 yards, helping the AFC defeat the NFC 59-41. On July 28, 2012, the Pittsburgh Steelers signed Brown to a five-year, $42.5 million extension that included an $8.5 million signing bonus. With the retirement of Hines Ward during the off season, Brown entered training camp competing with Mike Wallace and Emmanuel Sanders to be the starting wide receivers. Brown and Wallace were subsequently named the starters at the position to begin the regular season. In the Steelers' season opener against the Denver Broncos, Brown finished the 31–19 loss with four receptions for 74 yards and had one carry for four yards. On September 23, 2012, Brown had seven receptions for 87 yards and a touchdown, while also making his first touchdown reception of the season on an 11-yard pass from Ben Roethlisberger in a 34–31 loss at the Oakland Raiders. On November 4, 2012, Brown was fined $10,000 by the NFL for unsportsmanlike conduct when he ran backwards for the final 20 yards of a punt return touchdown against the Washington Redskins the previous week. The following game, Brown suffered a high ankle sprain and left the game with two catches for 19 yards in a 24–20 victory over the New York Giants. The ankle injury prevented him from appearing in the next three games. In a Week 15 matchup with the Dallas Cowboys, he made a season-high eight catches for 76 yards and a touchdown in a 27–24 loss. The following week, Brown caught five passes for a season-high 97 yards and scored a 60-yard touchdown in a 13-10 loss to the Cincinnati Bengals. He finished the 2012 season with 66 receptions for 787 yards and five touchdowns in 13 games and ten starts. Brown entered the 2013 regular season as one of the Steelers' starting wide receivers with Emmanuel Sanders. The team had been unable to reach a contract agreement with former starter Mike Wallace in the offseason, and he left for the Miami Dolphins via free agency. Brown started the Steelers' season opener against the Tennessee Titans and had five receptions for 71 yards in a 16–9 loss. On September 22, 2013, Brown caught nine passes for a season-high and then career-high 196 yards and two touchdowns in a 40–23 loss to the Chicago Bears. His first touchdown reception of the season came on a 33-yard pass from Ben Roethlisberger. The following game, he caught a season-high 12 passes for 88 yards in a 34–27 loss to the Minnesota Vikings. On December 22, 2013, Brown broke Yancey Thigpen's single-season team record of 1,398 receiving yards set in 1997. Brown also became only the second Steeler to amass at least 100 receptions in a season, joining former teammate Hines Ward. On December 29, he, along with Pierre Garçon of the Washington Redskins, tied Jimmy Smith as the only players to record at least five receptions in every single game of an NFL season in a win against the Browns. In addition, Brown became the only receiver in NFL history to record five receptions and at least 50 yards in every single game of an NFL season. He finished the 2013 season with a total of 110 receptions for 1,499 yards and eight touchdowns in 16 games and 14 starts. On December 27, 2013, Brown was selected for the Pro Bowl as a receiver and a punt returner. On January 3, 2014, Brown was named to the AP All-Pro team for the first time in his career. He was ranked 23rd by his fellow players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2014. In the Steelers' season opener against the Cleveland Browns, while returning a punt, Brown attempted to hurdle Cleveland Browns punter Spencer Lanning and kicked him in the facemask, garnering significant media attention. He finished the 30–27 victory with five receptions for 116 yards and later apologized for the kick, claiming it was an accident. On September 11, 2014, Brown was fined $8,200 for kicking the punter. On October 20, 2014, against the Houston Texans, Brown threw his first career touchdown pass, a three-yard strike to wide receiver Lance Moore. The following game, Brown caught ten passes for 133 yards and two touchdowns in a 51–34 victory over the Indianapolis Colts. During a Week 9 contest against the Baltimore Ravens, Brown made a season-high 11 catches for a season-high 144 yards, including a 54-yard touchdown reception in the 43–23 victory. In Week 17, against the Cincinnati Bengals, he had seven receptions for 128 yards and a touchdown to go along with a 71-yard punt return touchdown. His successful performance earned him AFC Special Teams Player of the Week. In 2014, Brown led the NFL in receptions (129), receiving yards (1,698), and was tied for second in touchdowns (13); all three were new team records. The Steelers made the playoffs and faced off against the Baltimore Ravens in the Wild Card Round. In the 30–17 loss, he had nine receptions for 117 yards. His successful season garnered him a third Pro Bowl selection. He was ranked eighth by his fellow players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2015. Brown started in the Steelers' season-opening 28–21 loss to the New England Patriots and caught nine passes for 133 yards and a touchdown.", "Brown started in the Steelers' season-opening 28–21 loss to the New England Patriots and caught nine passes for 133 yards and a touchdown. The following week, he had nine receptions for 195 yards and a touchdown, as the Steelers routed the San Francisco 49ers 43–18. This brought his career total to 5,587 yards, good for 200th on the NFL's all-time receiving yards list. He also moved past Steelers' legend Lynn Swann on the all-time list. In Week 3, Brown had 108 receiving yards on 11 catches in the 12–6 victory over the St. Louis Rams. Brown remained first on the receiving yards list through Week 4, although he had only five receptions for 42 yards in the 23–20 loss to the Baltimore Ravens. On November 8, 2015, Brown caught a career-high 17 passes from Roethlisberger for a career-high 284 yards in a 38–35 win over the Oakland Raiders. His 284 receiving yards broke Keenan McCardell's mark of 232 in 1996 for most receiving yards in a game without a receiving touchdown. On December 6, he hauled in eight passes for 118 yards and two touchdowns in a 45–10 victory over the Indianapolis Colts. This game is particularly notable for a play in which Brown returned a punt for a touchdown and then proceeded to leap onto the goalpost. He was flagged on the play for excessive celebration. On December 9, Brown was fined $11,576 by the NFL for the incident. For his efforts against the Colts, he earned his third career AFC Special Teams Player of the Week Award. In a Week 15 matchup with the Denver Broncos, he caught 16 passes for 189 yards and two touchdowns in a 34–27 victory. For his performance against the Broncos, he was named as the AFC Offensive Player of the Week. On January 3, 2016, Brown totaled 13 receptions for 187 yards and a touchdown against the Cleveland Browns. He finished the regular season with a league-high 136 receptions for 1,834 yards and 10 touchdowns – the first two marks eclipsing his own team records of 129 catches and 1,698 yards. With the 136 receptions, he set two NFL records: most receptions in a two-year span with 265; and most receptions in a three-year span with 375. Also, with his 16 receptions against the Browns, Brown became the first receiver to post two 16+ catch games in a single season, and his four games of 175+ yards in a season also set a new NFL record. The Steelers opened postseason play with a Wild Card game against the Cincinnati Bengals, and late in the fourth quarter, Brown left the contest with a concussion after taking a hit from Bengals linebacker Vontaze Burfict. The Steelers went on to win the game, 18-16. The injury kept Brown out of the Steelers' next game in the Divisional Round, where they lost 23–16 to the eventual Super Bowl 50 champion Denver Broncos. Brown was named to his third consecutive and fourth career Pro Bowl, his second first-team All-Pro, and was ranked as the top wide receiver and the fourth best player on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2016. Brown started the Steelers' season opener against the Washington Redskins and finished the 38–16 victory with eight receptions for 126 yards and two touchdowns. After the game, the NFL fined him a combined $15,191 for wearing baby blue cleats, which violated the league's uniform policy, and for twerking after scoring his second touchdown. After performing a similar dance in the end zone in Week 4 against the Kansas City Chiefs, Brown was fined $24,309. The second fine was largely criticized by sportswriters, who considered it much too steep a penalty for a celebration. The league reasoned that the dances were \"sexually suggestive\". In Week 3, Brown moved into the NFL top 100 all-time for career receptions, and in Week 9, he joined the top 100 for career receiving yards. In Week 10, Brown caught a season-high 14 passes for a season-high 154 yards and a touchdown in a 35–30 loss to the Dallas Cowboys. In Week 12, he finished with five receptions for 91 yards and a season-high and career-high three touchdown receptions, as the Steelers routed the Indianapolis Colts 28–7 on Thanksgiving. He finished the regular season with a total of 106 receptions (second to Larry Fitzgerald) for 1,284 yards and 12 touchdowns in 15 games and 15 starts. The Steelers decided to sit him for the season finale against the Cleveland Browns as they had already clinched a playoff berth. With the conclusion of the 2016 regular season, Brown ranked second in career receptions and third in career receiving yards for the Steelers, and 57th and 78th all-time among NFL players in those categories. In the 2016 season, Brown posted his fourth consecutive and fifth career 1,000+ yard season in receiving yards, earning him his fourth consecutive and fifth career Pro Bowl selection on December 20, 2016. He was also named First Team All-Pro for the third consecutive time. He was also ranked fourth by his peers on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2017. On January 8, 2017, Brown caught five passes for 124 yards and two touchdowns in a 30–12 home victory over the Miami Dolphins in their AFC Wild Card Round game.", "On January 8, 2017, Brown caught five passes for 124 yards and two touchdowns in a 30–12 home victory over the Miami Dolphins in their AFC Wild Card Round game. His two touchdowns of 50 and 62 yards were the first time since 2001 that a player had caught two 50+ yard touchdowns in a single post-season game, the first time ever in the first quarter, and the first time a Steeler had two receiving touchdowns in a Wild Card game. In the Divisional Round, Brown caught six passes for 108 yards in an 18–16 win over the Chiefs, becoming the third Steeler with four or more 100-yard receiving playoff games. After the game, Brown broadcast the team's locker room celebration on Facebook Live in violation of NFL rules and despite the requests of teammates Ben Roethlisberger and Ramon Foster to \"keep a low profile on social media\". The broadcast included head coach Mike Tomlin speaking crudely about championship round opponent New England, for which Tomlin later apologized and disciplined Brown. Brown had been paid $244,000 by Facebook before the season to \"create content\" for live channels. In the AFC Championship against the Patriots, Brown had seven receptions for 77 yards as the Steelers lost 36–17. For his accomplishments in the 2017 season, he was ranked fourth on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2017. On February 27, 2017, Brown signed a new five-year contract with the Steelers through the 2021 season. The contract is a four-year extension worth $68 million ($19 million guaranteed at signing) with a $17 million annual price tag, making Brown the highest paid wide receiver in the NFL. During Week 1 against the Cleveland Browns, Brown posted a performance with 182 receiving yards on 11 receptions as the Steelers won a close game 21–18. Brown's 182 receiving yards led all NFL receivers for the season opening week. In addition, Brown converted all 11 of his targets, which marked a career-high in terms of receptions with a 100% completion rate. During \"Thursday Night Football\" against the Tennessee Titans in Week 11, Brown made a one-handed catch adjacent to his helmet in the endzone for a touchdown. Overall, he made 10 receptions for 144 receiving yards and three touchdowns as the Steelers won 40–17, joining John Stallworth as the only Steelers player with two career games with 3+ receiving touchdowns. For his performance in Week 11, Brown was named AFC Offensive Player of the Week. During \"Sunday Night Football\" against the Green Bay Packers in Week 12, Brown recorded 169 receiving yards and 2 touchdowns, including two sideline receptions for 37 yards in the final 17 seconds to set up the game-winning field goal. He became the fifth player since the 1970 merger with four 150+ yard receiving games in the first 12 weeks of a season. Plagued with a minor toe injury, During \"Sunday Night Football\" against the Ravens in Week 14, Brown finished with a season-high 213 receiving yards, helping the Steelers win 39–38 and clinch a playoff berth for the AFC North pennant. His 213-yard performance marked the second time in his career with at least 200 receiving yards in a single game. During Week 15 against the New England Patriots, Brown left the game with a left calf injury, and was taken to the hospital. Shortly after the Steelers' 27–24 loss to the AFC East-clinching Patriots, it was revealed that Brown's left calf was partially torn, meaning that he would not play for the rest of the regular season, but would at least return during the playoffs. He returned in the divisional round of the playoffs, recording seven catches for 132 yards and two touchdowns as the Steelers went on to lose 45–42 to the Jaguars. Brown finished the 2017 season leading the league with 1,533 receiving yards for the second time in his career. He also finished fifth in the league with 101 receptions and tied for fourth in the league with nine touchdown receptions. He was named to his sixth Pro Bowl, and was named first-team All-Pro as a unanimous selection. He was ranked the second best player, as well as the best wide receiver, on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2018. On September 9, 2018, in the season opener against the Cleveland Browns, Brown reached 10,000 career receiving yards. He achieved the milestone in 116 career games, and only one NFL player (Calvin Johnson in 115 games) had reached the mark in fewer career games. In Week 1 against the Cleveland Browns, Brown had nine catches for 93 yards and a touchdown. In Week 5 against the Atlanta Falcons, Brown had six catches for 101 yards and two touchdowns. In Week 6 against the Cincinnati Bengals, Brown had five catches for 105 yards and caught the game winning touchdown with 10 seconds left in the fourth quarter. Brown was also a victim of a dirty hit from Vontaze Burfict in the game. In Week 11, against the Jacksonville Jaguars, he had five receptions for 117 yards and a touchdown in the narrow 20–16 victory. In Week 13, on \"NBC Sunday Night Football\", he had 10 receptions for 154 yards and a touchdown in the 33–30 loss to the Los Angeles Chargers. Brown has fathered five children with three different women. In 2018, Brown was featured in recording artist Drake's music video for \"God's Plan\".", "In 2018, Brown was featured in recording artist Drake's music video for \"God's Plan\". On July 18, 2018, Brown was announced as the cover athlete for \"Madden NFL 19\". On March 8, 2016, Brown was announced as one of the celebrities who competed on season 22 of \"Dancing with the Stars\". He was paired with professional dancer Sharna Burgess. Brown and Burgess were eliminated during the semifinals of the show and finished the competition in fourth place overall." ]

[ "John Pollard (politician) John Pollard is a businessman and former politician from Hay River, Northwest Territories, Canada. He was a Member of the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories from 1987 until 1995, serving as Minister of Finance. Pollard was elected to the Northwest Territories Legislature for the first time in the 1987 Northwest Territories general election, representing the Hay River electoral district. Pollard was returned by acclamation in the 1991 Northwest Territories general election. He retired from legislative politics at the end of his second term in 1995. In October 2006 he was elected mayor of Hay River. However, he resigned in January 2008, citing the combined workload of the position and the management of his own business interests. In 2011 Pollard was nominated to run in the 2011 federal election for the Conservatives in the Western Arctic. An advert in the 25 March 2011 Yellowknifer had stated that nominations would close at 5:00 pm that day, which the national party said was not a valid closure. Nomination papers for John Pollard were received after that and the territorial executive said his nomination was not valid. The territorial executive appointed former Liberal supporter Sandy Lee. Pollard and his wife Ellen own and operate Brabant Lodge, a fishing resort near Hay River." ]

[ "Ed Robinson Edwin Robinson (born October 21, 1971) is a presenter and producer on Sky Sports, most notably in the sports channel's boxing programmes. He is a regular on Saturday Fight Night and other boxing broadcasts on Sky Sports & currently fronts the popular weekly Toe 2 Toe internet podcast alongside former professional boxer Spencer Fearon. Before joining Sky, Edwin worked as a press officer for British boxing promoters Frank Maloney and Frank Warren. Whilst working for Maloney, Edwin boxed three times as a professional, winning two contests and losing one. He was also an amateur boxer for Fitzroy Lodge amateur boxing club in Lambeth, south London." ]

[ "Saltuk Buğra Khan Saltuk Buğra Khan was a medieval Turkic khan. He is known as the first Muslim Turkic ruler. Although Islam was slowly spreading among the Turks before Saltuk, Saltuk’s conversion accelerated the conversion. Around 870, a Turkic group emerged as a political power in Turkestan. Their origin is obscure. But they were probably a mixture of Karluks, Chigils, Yagma and Uigurs. The title of their leader was \"Kara khan\" (courageous khan) and later the historians named them Karakhanids. Saltuk Buğra’s exact birth date (probably early 10th century) is not known. After the death of his father, his mother married to Oğulcuk Khan a younger brother of the deceased. During his youth, Saltuk met many Samanids who took refuge in Karakhanid territory following a civil war in Samanid territory. Saltuk a tengrisit was influenced by the Muslim Samanid people and converted to Islam (around 932). He took the Arabic name \"Abdülkerim\". After conversion, together with his followers, (whose number was 200000 tents according to tradition ), he revolted against his uncle who was still a tengrisit and defeated him in the Battle of Fergana. He later on captured Turkestan cities. He became the khan of the western territory of the Karakhanids. But the eastern territory was under the control of a certain Bazir Arslan Khan. After defeating Bazir Arslan around Balasagun, he was able to unite all Karakhanid territıory under his rule. He chose Kashgar (now in the East Turkestan Region of PROC) as his capital and appointed his son Buğra Khan Harun as the governor of Balasagun (now in Kyrgyzstan) . He died in 955 or 958." ]

[ "Salle des Traditions de la Garde Républicaine The Salle des Traditions de la Garde Républicaine is a museum dedicated to the traditions of the Garde Républicaine, the ceremonial unit of the French National Gendarmerie. It is located in the 4th arrondissement at 18, boulevard Henri IV, Paris, France, and open weekdays by appointment; admission is free. The museum was created in 1984 in a former stable, and presents the traditions of the Garde Républicaine from 1802 to the present day, including its infantry, cavalry, and military bands. Its collections contain about 1,500 items, such as arms, uniforms, equipment, hairstyles, harnessing, musical instruments, models, documents, etc. A special display honors squadron leader Jean Vérine, shot by the Germans for his role in the French resistance." ]

[ "Nikola Popara Nikola Popara (, born 8 March 1992) is a Bosnian-Herzegovinian football midfielder who plays for FK Budućnost Podgorica in the Montenegrin First League. Born in Trebinje, SR Bosnia and Herzegovina, SFR Yugoslavia, he played with FK Partizan youth team until 2009 when he joined Partizan s satellite club FK Teleoptik in the Serbian First League. In summer 2012 he made a move to a top league side FK Spartak Zlatibor Voda. He made his debut in the 2012–13 Serbian SuperLiga on 11 August 2012, in the first round match against FK Sloboda Užice. Nikola Popara has represented Bosnia and Herzegovina at U-17 and U-19 level. On September 2013 he was selected for the Republika Srpska national football team." ]

[ "Pascal Nkayi Pascal Nkayi (18 September 1911 – ?) was a Congolese politician. He served as Minister of Finance of the Democratic Republic of the Congo from June until September 1960. Pascal Nkayi was born on 18 September 1911 in Palabala, Belgian Congo. He attended four years of normal school. In 1934 he became a teacher. He later took up work as a clerk in the postal service. In May 1954 he became assistant treasurer of the Association du Personnel Indigene de la Colonie labour union. In 1960 the Congo became independent and Nkayi was elected in the Bas-Congo district on an Alliance des Bakongo ticket to the Chamber of Deputies with 107 preferential votes, the smallest margin of victory among any successful candidates. He served as Minister of Finance in Patrice Lumumba's government. On 27 July Nkayi expressed as much when he held a press conference to share his concerns about the national decline in domestic social and economic activity following independence. Alluding to Lumumba, he denounced \"demagogic statements that harm the interests of the Congolese people\". In August the government sent him to Geneva to negotiate with Belgian authorities over financial and monetary concerns. In early September he established a monetary council and began issuing new paper currency." ]

[ "Subbar The Diocese of Subbar (in Latin: Dioecesis Subbaritana) is a suppressed and titular see of the Roman Catholic Church. Subbar, was founded as an ancient bishopric of the Roman province of Mauretania Caesariensis. Like most of the western part of the province, Christianity appears have arrived only in late antiquity with references to the diocese coming only after the Council of Nicaea. The town thereby avoiding many of the earlier controversies. The only known bishop from antiquity is Donato, who took part in the synod assembled in Carthage in 484 by the Arian King Huneric the Vandal, after which Donato was exiled. The bishopric appears to have effectively ceased with the Muslim conquest of the Maghreb. Today Subbar survives as a titular bishopric and the current bishop is Joseph Robert Binzer, Auxiliary Bishop of Cincinnati, who replaced Cherubim Dambui in 2010." ]

[ "OWL Party The OWL Party of Washington was a minor political party founded in a jazz club, the Tumwater Conservatory, in Tumwater, Washington, to field candidates in the 1976 elections. It was founded by entertainer Red Kelly, owner of the establishment where it was founded. The party's name was a double acronym, standing for \"Out With Logic, On With Lunacy\", and its motto was \"We don't give a hoot!\" The ease with which this frivolous party gained access to a place on the ballot led the Washington legislature to significantly increase the difficulty of minor-party access. The changes were challenged, ultimately for the most part unsuccessfully, by established minor parties such as the Socialist Workers Party." ]

[ "Nad Niemnem Nad Niemnem is a Positivist novel written by Eliza Orzeszkowa in 1888 during the foreign Partitions of Poland. Its main purpose was to present the Polish society and its own internal dynamics as they were in mid–19th century, in reference to the Polish January Uprising against the Russian occupation. The novel first appeared in installments on the pages of \"Tygodnik Ilustrowany\" in 1887 and was published as a book in 1888. In 2014 it was translated into English as \"On the Niemen\" by Michelle Granas. First the author planned to limit the plot to a love story between Jan, a villager from the petty nobility, and Justyna, who comes from a wealthy landed gentry family. However, while writing, the background relating to customs started to develop which made Orzeszkowa give up the original title: \"Misalliance\". \"Nad Niemnem\" is set in and around the city of Grodno after the 1863 January Uprising. At the time, the area had a considerable Polish population. The title means \"Upon the Niemen\" - the Niemen being a river now situated in modern Belarus and Lithuania. The novel has been adapted twice for film, in 1939 and again in 1986. The 1986 film led to a 1988 television miniseries." ]

[ "Webley Edwards Webley Edwards (November 11, 1902 – October 5, 1977) was a World War II news correspondent and Hawaiian radio personality. Edwards was the starting quarterback at Oregon State University where he became the first student manager of campus radio while also joining the Phi Delta Theta Fraternity. Edwards left Oregon State prior to graduating. In 1928 Edwards relocated to Honolulu, Hawaii where he became an auto salesman and played for the Scotty Schuman's Town semi-professional football team. It was during this time he developed a keen interest in native Hawaiian musical traditions. In 1935 he became a producer for a radio show which showcased authentic island music. The show, named \"Hawaii Calls\" debuted on July 3 of that year. The show struggled financially for the first several years. Edwards was the station manager at KGMB in late 1941. Edwards was the first radio announcer to broadcast the attack on Pearl Harbor by the Japanese. It was he who said on air: \"Attention. This is no exercise. The Japanese are attacking Pearl Harbor!...All Army, Navy and Marine personnel to report to duty\". After the attack, Edwards worked as Pacific Bureau manager for CBS Radio. Among his most notable experiences was landing the first interview with Colonel Paul Tibbets, the pilot of the Enola Gay which dropped the atomic bomb over Hiroshima. Edwards, of CBS, was one of only two broadcast journalists aboard the USS \"Missouri\" during the surrender ceremony at Tokyo Bay on September 2, 1945. He was the \"chief announcer\" for the ceremony, Merrill Mueller of NBC was the \"narrator.\" Edwards has the distinction of being the only broadcaster to witness the very beginning and end of the United States' involvement in World War II. Edwards returned to radio broadcasting Hawaiian music. \"Hawaii Calls\" ran for 37 years. He wrote lyrics (with Leon Pober) to the popular song, \"Pearly Shells\" recorded by Burl Ives, Don Ho, Billy Vaughn and Hank Snow, to name a few. Edwards' popularity was evident in that he served in the Hawaiian Territorial & State Legislature from 1952-1966 and as a Hawaiian State Senator from 1966-1968. He died of a heart attack in 1977." ]

[ "Corophium Corophium is a genus of the amphipod family Corophiidae. Formerly a much larger genus, many species have been transferred to segregate genera such as \"Monocorophium\" and \"Crassicorophium\". \"Corophium\" contains 12 species, after the genus was divided into a number of new genera in 1997: C. arenarium may reach 7 mm long and looks very similar to \"C. volutator\". It burrows in bottom sediments, between 10 and 60 metres deep. \"C. arenarium\" occurs on the coasts of France and the North Sea. C. multisetosum may grow to 9 mm and builds mud burrows in clay or sand in fresh or weakly brackish habitats. It occurs on the coasts of the Netherlands, France, Germany, Poland and the British Isles. C. volutator inhabits the upper layers of sand on the coasts of the Netherlands, Germany, the United Kingdom and France, as well as in the Bay of Fundy, New Brunswick, Canada. They grow to 10 mm, and can occur in huge quantities: up to 40,000 per square metre have been observed." ]

[ "Matthew Gaines Matthew Gaines (August 4, 1840 – June 11, 1900) was a former slave, community leader, minister, and Republican Texas State Senator. He made valuable contributions towards the establishment of free public education in the state of Texas. Matthew Gaines was born on August 4, 1840 near Alexandria, Louisiana to a female slave owned by the Martin Despallier family. Gaines taught himself to read from a white boy who smuggled in books. This boy may have been young Blaz Philipe Despallier, who lived on the estate and who would later become the sole heir of Alamo Hero Charles Despallier, his uncle. After being sold from the Despallier family, Gaines escaped from his new owner in Louisiana to Arkansas, and eventually made it to New Orleans, where he was captured and returned to his master. In 1859, Gaines was sold to Christopher Columbus Hearne, where he remained until 1863 when he tried to flee to Mexico. He was caught again and was forced to work as a runaway slave in Fredericksburg, Texas until the end of the war. After the 1863 emancipation was finally officially announced in Texas on June 19, 1865, Gaines settled in Washington County, where he established himself as a leader of the freedmen, both as a Baptist preacher and a politician. In 1869, Gaines was elected as a Senator of the Texas's 16th district in the Twelfth Texas Legislature. He gained a reputation for being a guardian of the newly-won rights of the African-Texans. Throughout his term, he addressed the issues of public education, prison reform, the protection of black voters, and tenant farming reformation. Gaines passionately and unflaggingly supported the forward movement that established the first public school system for all Texans and assisted in allowing Texas to take advantage of the federal Grant College Act, also known as the Morrill Act. In 1870, Gaines played a strategic role in passing the Militia Bill, which created a state police force to combat lawlessness and to protect against voter intimidation. Even though his actions were sincere, Senator Gaines was generally a threat to the Democrats and even some Republicans found him troublesome. Gaines was elected to a six-year term to the Senate, but he only served four years. Denounced on the Senate floor by a Democratic opponent as a \"flat-footer [sic] nigger\" and threatened with death outside the legislature by racist whites, Gaines was indicted in 1871 on a charge of bigamy, causing his seat to be challenged. He was removed from office despite the fact that the charge was overturned. In 1875, he was arrested for making a civil rights speech in Giddings. He told his audience that \"in the eyes of God, blacks are as good as whites; they should have pride and hold their heads up even in troubled times.\" Gaines continued to be active in politics and made his political views known in conventions, public gatherings, and from his pulpit. Gaines died in Giddings, Texas, on June 11, 1900. In 1998, activists on the campus of Texas A&M University suggested Gaines should have his statue on campus to counteract Confederate General Lawrence Sullivan Ross's statue. However, the project was abandoned in the wake of the Aggie Bonfire tragedy in 1999. In 2016, his great-granddaughter Lori Bartley was running for US Congress against Sheila Jackson Lee." ]

[ "Paul Reeve Paul Reeve is a record producer from Cornwall, UK. Working alongside John Leckie, he co-produced five tracks on Muse's acclaimed debut album \"Showbiz\". During his time as chief engineer at The Airfield Studios in Cornwall and during regular stints at the nearby Sawmills Studios and air studios in London he has assisted some highly respected and regarded producers, including the afore mentioned John Leckie as well as John Cornfield, Sam Williams and Chris Allison. He currently resides in Cornwall, UK. Reeve has worked with many artists, including Beta Band, Muse, Steve Harley, Ruarri Joseph, Andrew Bate, Razorlight, Supergrass, and Armonite. He also produced Muse's debut EPs \"Muse\" and \"Muscle Museum EP\", of which three tracks, \"Uno\", \"Muscle Museum\", and \"Unintended\" have been released as singles, the last entering the UK chart at number 20. As well as co-production on Muse's 'Showbiz' and 'Absolution' albums, Paul co-produced and mixed a large selection of b-sides for the Muse compilation \"Hullabaloo Soundtrack\". After mixing COX’s ‘Rien A Perdre’ album for Barclay in early 2003, Paul was called in to co-produce tracks for the number one MUSE album, ‘Absolution’ for Taste Media. 2004 saw him Producing and Mixing a new album and DVD by DAVID HALLYDAY/NOVA 6 for Mercury Records, France, and has co-producing material for the debut RAZORLIGHT album for Universal. In 2005, he finished Producing and mixing the new album for THE GENERAL STORE and was developing new projects with Dangerous Records. He also was guitarist and Musical Director for the NOVA 6 European tour for Alias productions. In 2007, Paul worked with Alan Smyth as engineer on the MILBURN album for Universal and produced tracks for the RUARRI JOSEPH debut album for Atlantic. In 2009, Paul was asked to produce the vocals for the hugely successful Muse single 'Uprising' In 2010-2011 Paul produced the Fainting in Coils EP by Andrew Bate, citing the singer as having \"The best male voice I've ever heard\". In 2012, Paul co-produced vocals for the forthcoming 2012 Muse album, as well as developing promising artists in the UK and Europe. Paul Reeve has BPI awards for over 5 million record sales. https://www.discogs.com/artist/198609-Paul-Reeve" ]

[ "Haworthiopsis pungens Haworthiopsis pungens, formerly Haworthia pungens, is a species of flowering succulent plant from the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. A proliferous, caulescent succulent, with sharp smooth dark green leaves, that grow in five (and occasionally three) rows. It forms spreading clumps. In its appearance it most resembles \"Astroloba rubriflora\" or \"Haworthiopsis viscosa\" (although the leaves of \"H. pungens\" are smooth and the plants are less upright in form). The species name \"\"pungens\"\" means \"\"sharp-pointed\"\", and refers to the leaf-shape. The species was formerly placed in \"Haworthia\" subgenus \"Hexangulares\". Phylogenetic studies have demonstrated that subgenus \"Hexangulares\" is actually relatively unrelated to other haworthias (being more closely related to \"Gasteria\"). The species was therefore moved to \"Haworthiopsis\". This vulnerable species occurs in two localities within a small area in Langkloof, near Joubertina, in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Here it grows on rocky conglomerate west-facing slopes in fynbos vegetation." ]

[ "Sacred Heart Cathedral (Salina, Kansas) Sacred Heart Cathedral in Salina, Kansas, United States is the cathedral parish for the Catholic Diocese of Salina. It is the second cathedral for the diocese after Our Lady of Perpetual Help in Concordia, Kansas when the See was located there. The Diocese of Concordia was established by Pope Leo XIII on August 2, 1887. On December 23, 1944 Pope Pius XII transferred the See to Salina and Sacred Heart Church became the new cathedral. Edward J. Schulte of Cincinnati was chosen as the architect for a new cathedral church. The cornerstone was laid on June 4, 1951 and it was dedicated by Bishop Francis Thill on June 6, 1953. A renovation project in 1998 altered the interior and an enlarged gathering space and parish hall were added in 2000. Sacred Heart Cathedral’s architecture references the rural character of Northwestern Kansas and relates it to the Eucharistic aspects of the Catholic Church. Concrete grain elevators dot the landscape and contain the areas primary crop, wheat. The sides of the exterior of the cathedral are rounded and mimic the grain elevators and symbolize the Church as God’s granary from which people are nourished by the Eucharist. The cathedral’s bell tower is also round and reflects the shape of a farm silo. As farm animals gather to be nourished at the silo, so people gather within the church building for their spiritual nourishment from Christ, the Good Shepherd. The main entrance into the cathedral features a procession of the faithful in a bas relief. The figures represent a farm family, priests and religious who assist the bishop in carrying the cross. A Capuchin friar kneels before the cross in adoration. The panel carries a quote from the Bible, “He who does not take up his cross and follow me is not worthy of me.” The interior features a large baptismal font in the shape of the cross in the gathering space. Nearby is a triptych containing icons of the cathedral’s patron the Sacred Heart of Jesus, and the diocese’s primary patron Our Lady of Perpetual Help and St. Francis of Assisi, who is its secondary patron. The nave of the cathedral is lined with pillars that are 30 feet (9.1 m) around. At the base of the bell tower is a room that was formerly used as a baptistery. It now contains a shrine to Our Lady of Guadalupe. The statue in the chapel was from a small parish that closed in 1965. A bas relief of the Sacred Heart is featured on the back wall of the cathedral with a Latin phrase on its base, “Cor Jesu, inflama cor nostrum amore tui” (Heart of Jesus, inflame our hearts with your love). Twelve crosses with candles line the walls represent the Twelve Apostles and are where the walls were consecrated with Sacred Chrism when the cathedral was consecrated. The fourteen Stations of the Cross are etched into the east wall. A 20-foot (6 m) tall crucifix dominates the sanctuary area. The circular canopy around the crucifix contains three Latin phrases: “Cor Jesu, spes in te morientium” (Heart of Jesus, hope of those who die in you); Domus Dei et porta coeli (House of God and gate of heaven); and “Cor Jesu, omni laude dignissimum, salve in te sperantium” (Heart of Jesus, most worthy of all praise, salvation of those who hope in you). The marble legs of the Altar were taken from the former communion rail and it contains the relics of St. Boniface and St. Clement. The Blessed Sacrament is housed in the chapel of the Blessed Virgin Mary. The stained glass windows in the cathedral were designed by Anton Wendling from Aachen, Germany and were assembled by Erhardt Stettner in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The 25 foot high (7.62 m) windows depict various saints and cost $2,240.00 each. There are five smaller windows above the confessionals that cost $1,000 each. The organ was originally built by George Kilgen and Son (Opus 3655) in 1926 in the previous Sacred Heart Church. It was rebuilt here when the cathedral was under construction in 1952. A new III Plein Jeu and an 8' Gemshorn were added at that time, as was a new three manual console. However, the original two manual console was still used for a time. The organ was rebuilt and altered by Larson Organ Co. of Marquette, Kansas in 1987. The original pipework was removed and placed into storage. Coombs Organ Specialists restored the organ in 2003 to its original specs with the original pipework. At the same time they added a new three manual Rodgers console with digital additions. The pipe organ is located in the front of the cathedral near the altar. The pipes are located in a chamber on the side wall. There are no exposed pipes. It features a traditional style console in a fixed position with a roll top. It is equipped with electro-pneumatic (EP) chests. There are three manuals, 15 registers, and 17 ranks. The manual compass is 61 notes and the pedal compass is 32 notes. The stop keys are located above the top manual.", "The stop keys are located above the top manual. It features balanced swell shoes/pedals with standard AGO placement, adjustable combination pistons, AGO Standard (concave radiating) pedalboard, crescendo pedal, reversible full organ/tutti thumb piston, reversible full organ/tutti toe stud, combination action thumb pistons, combination action toe studs, and coupler reversible thumb pistons. Stoplist: Great Swell Choir Pedal" ]

[ "Salomon Group The Salomon Group (also just known as Salomon) is a globally operating French sports equipment manufacturing company that originated in Annecy, Rhône-Alpes. The company was started in 1947 by François Salomon, his wife, and son Georges (1925-2010). In 1997, it was acquired by Adidas in a $1Bn deal. In 2005, Adidas-Salomon announced on May 2 that it had agreed to sell the Salomon Group for €485 million to Amer Sports of Finland; the transaction was completed on October 20. The family's metalworking shop opened in 1947 to produce saw blades. They soon adapted their equipment to make steel edges for skis and progressed to cable bindings. Bindings were the primary focus until 1979, when the rear-entry SX90 ski boot was introduced; skis came a decade later. Taylor Made golf was acquired by the company in the mid-1980s. Salomon currently does not have a global CEO, as the business is separated between Winter Sports, Footwear and Apparel. Heikki Takala is the CEO of its mother group, Amer Sports, headquartered in Helsinki (Finland). The US operations of Salomon are located in Ogden, Utah. Other companies owned by the Salomon brand include Salomon produces products for various sports markets, including trail running, hiking, climbing, adventure racing, skiing, and snowboarding in over 40 countries on five continents. They used to manufacture inline skates, transferring technologies from their ski boot range, but have not released any in recent years (possibly due to an infringement judgement). Many in-line skaters consider these to be some of the highest quality skates for street and vert skating. After a five-year research project, the SX series of ski boots was introduced in the beginning of the 1980s. The boot was the result of collaboration with the French designer Roger Tallon. The SX91 ski boot was launched in 1984, the result of collaboration with the young French designer Roger Pitiot. The boot contained a number of innovations such as the sliding forward-flex control. Salomon's dedicated design center is in Annecy, France." ]

[ "Lose Control (Lay song) \"Lose Control\" is a single recorded by Chinese singer Lay for his debut extended play \"Lose Control\". The song was released on October 28, 2016 by S.M. Entertainment. Produced by Devine Channel and Lay, \"Lose Control\" is described as a \"Pop-R&B\" song that has a distinct guitar melody. The lyrics tells a story about a guy giving everything to a girl and as a result he loses his self-control. The song was released officially along with EP on October 28, 2016. Lay performed \"Lose Control\" for the first time on the South Korean music program \"The Show\" on November 15, 2016. He also performed \"Lose Control\" along with \"what U Need\" at the SMG New Year's Eve Gala 2017 in Baoshan Sports Centre, Shanghai on December 31, 2016. \"Lose Control\" stayed at #1 on Billboard's China V Chart for 6 weeks in a row. The song topped \"Alibaba Top 100 Weekly Songs\" for 14 weeks in a row and was ranked #1 on YinYueTai's \"TOP 100 Songs of 2016\"." ]

[ "Kate Colby Kate Colby (born 1974, Boston) is an American poet and essayist. She grew up in Massachusetts and received her undergraduate degree from Wesleyan University and an MFA from California College of the Arts. In 1997, she moved to San Francisco, where she worked for several years as a curator at Yerba Buena Center for the Arts, on the board of The LAB art space, and later as a grant writer and copyeditor. In 2008, she moved to Providence, Rhode Island, where she currently works as a copywriter and editor, and serves on the board of the Gloucester Writers Center in Massachusetts. Her work has appeared in \"Aufgabe\", \"Bennington Review, Columbia Poetry Review,\" \"New American Writing\", \"No: A Journal of the Arts,\" \"The Rumpus, Verse\" and \"The Volta\", and has been featured at the RISD, deCordova and Isabella Stewart Gardner museums. Besides Colby’s interesting thematic projects, \"Fruitlands\" bears smaller traces of her fingerprints: her obsession with the color blue, the quote she uses from one of my favorite Built to Spill songs (No one wants to hear / what you dreamt about / unless you dreamt about / them), her references to Arnold Schwarzenegger and Bruno Schulz. These moments are so delightful and unique, they feel comfortably inscrutable. Or, just as likely, I realized there was something harsh, even disingenuous, in asking the question “why?” when they felt just right.Kate Colby's \"Unbecoming Behavior\" examines Jane Bowles’ biography through an imaginative parsing of sensory detail, autobiographical detail and critique of creative process. The long poem is as engaging and resonant as the subject matter is rich. \"Beauport\" : \"This book-length poem in fractured verse and resonant, brief blocks of prose shares Sleeper's title and some of his goals, making seaside New England and its history (sailing ships, merchant princes; injustice, philanthropy) look unpredictable from room to room. \" \"The Return of the Native\": This American-centered dialogue is both familiar and disorienting, both urban and pastoral, so that the reader is never exactly certain where she is or what she is supposed to feel. \"Blue Hole\": “Kate Colby’s poems unfurl like a complex melody. You wander through the day with them, following the loop of tune. ‘Everything might already exist,’ she writes, ‘but it hasn’t all been found.’ ...Colby’s robust intelligence and her vulnerability make for a poetry that has durable, if evolving, meaning. \"-Elizabeth Robinson\"I Mean:\" Using its title anaphoristically and clocking in at nearly 70 pages, the title poem is a tight, nimble, and wide-ranging work that manages to, in the author's words, \"pile words up/ and wrap the referents around them\" in a remarkably fun and conceptually virtuosic way. \"The Arrangements:\" \"Counteractions, counterindications, and impossible interactions mark this meticulously crafted and sonically alluring seventh collection from Colby (I Mean). ... Readers may come away from this collection with simultaneous feelings of dread and wisdom, as well as a deep admiration for Colby’s almost obsessively focused eye for detail.\"" ]

[ "High school ice hockey in New York Ice hockey is a popular and growing sport in the state of New York. 151 high schools field sanctioned varsity teams competing in the New York State Public High School Athletic Association. 76 club and non-sanctioned New York High School Hockey teams compete in New York State Amateur Hockey Association. The sanctioned teams compete from end of November till Mid-March with maximum number of practices and games. These teams are divided into two divisions, I and II. Each based on strength of program and considered \"rolling\" divisions allowing teams to switch divisions each year. The sanctioned Varsity teams are divided into sections used by every sport under NYSPHSAA; Sections I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, IX, and X. Each section has different sets of rules for eligibility of Catholic teams to participate in the State Tournament. Sections I and VI do not allow Catholic schools to compete for the Public State Tournament. NYSAHA is the New York state affiliate of USA Hockey. The \"club\" teams are divided into two divisions, large school and small school. Each section is divided into four regions East, West, Central, and North who all follow the NYSAHA Guidebook for state bound eligibility. The majority of the teams come from Long Island, Broome County, Hudson Valley, and Western New York. The non-sanctioned Club teams are divided into sections used by all amateur hockey teams under the NYSAHA umbrella. NYSAHA has set guidelines on the state bound teams and depending on the number of teams' from each section that are state bound determine how many teams' from each section will attend the three-day state tournament for large and small school tournament. Eight teams participate in three-day state tournament at host-city in a point system to determine the top four teams to compete in semi-finals and then eventually the State championship. The non-sanctioned teams have no official start and stop date and no limit on the minimum and maximum of games. West Section begins league play around the end of November and end the season in March. East, Central, and North sections compete from September till the end of March. NYSPHSAA, each section has different sets of rules for eligibility of Catholic teams to participate in the State Tournament. Section I and VI do not allow Catholic schools to compete for the Public State Tournament. The Catholic schools from Section I and VI meet in Catholic High School State Athletic Association one game championship. NYSPHSAA has pre-determined state tournament brackets with each section sending one team per section and at-large teams in one-game elimination. The Final Four for Divisions I, and II were played in Utica, New York's Memorial Auditorium for many years until recently when they have been held at the HarborCenter in Buffalo, New York. Though high school hockey in New York can be dated back to the mid-1940s, the first league—called the Northern New York Scholastic Hockey League—was formed in 1948 and comprised teams from Massena, Norfolk, Potsdam and Saranac Lake. One of the League's founders, Don Spotswood, was a 1934 Clarkson College graduate who taught high school mathematics in the then Norfolk School District (today Norwood-Norfolk). Clarkson College, along with St. Lawrence University, were significant influences in the birth of high school hockey in this region. Buffalo Explorer High School Club Hockey League was the first club hockey league in Western New York, starting in 1972. Southtowns High School Club Hockey League began in 1974 and Western New York High School Club Hockey League in 1976. NYSPHSAA recognized high school hockey starting in 1980 with official state tournament being held. Not every section started at the same time and not every team that was sanctioned was allowed to participate in the sanctioned State tournament. Section VI (Western New York) did not allow its champion to participate until 2001. NYSAHA recognized high school hockey in 1982 but league championship were being held as early as 1972 in Buffalo. NYSAHA divided into two divisions in 2002 as prior to that year, only one championship was awarded. In 2008-09, there was no club state championship. For the 2009-10 season, WNYHSCHL will join AAU. Dustin Brown, Robert Esche, Todd Marchant, Lee Stempniak, Brian Gionta, Marty Reasoner, Craig Conroy, Rob Schremp, Todd Krygier, Guy Hebert, Brooks Orpik, Patrick Kane, Aaron Miller Lance Miller, Dave Reinstein Chris Higgins, Mike Komisarek, Rob Scuderi and Erik Cole are among the many players that participated in New York high school hockey. 1947 - Norfolk High School fields their first team (today, Norwood-Norfolk)<br> 1969 - Town of Oyster Bay High School Club Hockey League forms<br> 1972 - Buffalo Explorer High School Club Hockey League forms<br> 1973 - New York Islanders High School Club Hockey League forms<br> 1974 - Southtowns High School Club Hockey League forms<br> 1976 - Western New York High School Club Hockey League forms<br> 1980 - New York State Public High School Athletic Association crowns its first champion<br> 1982 - New York State Amateur Hockey Association crowns its first champion<br> 1990 - Section VI recognizes hockey as official sport<br> 2001 - Section VI sends its champion to state tournament<br> 2002 - NYSAHA crowns two champions - Large and Small School ^ Two championships were when Aquinas was a Division II team" ]

[ "Joseph G. Healey Joseph Graham Healey is a specialist in Small Christian Communities (also known as Basic ecclesial community) as a teacher, researcher, and writer. Father Healey is a communications specialist, MA, with experience in the United States and Eastern Africa. Healey was born in Detroit, Michigan on April 29, 1938. His grandfather was horse trainer T.J. Healey and his mother was a homemaker. He attended Maryknoll Seminary, graduating with a B.A. in 1961. In 1966 he graduated with a masters of theology from the University of Missouri. In 1981 he received a further graduate degree from Creighton University. Healey is the brother of Thomas J. Healey. In 1968, Healey became a Maryknoll missionary priest, relocating to East Africa and becoming the leader of the social communications office of the Association of Member Episcopal Conferences in Eastern Africa. While in Africa, Healey recorded the traditional proverbs of cultures including Sukumu of Tanzania—trying to demonstrate how the use of these proverbs could be used for evangelizing methods. His written collections also include his experiences from his missionary expeditions, and highlights the spiritual tradition of the areas he has taken up residence in. In describing his work Mary Ann Brussat wrote that, “The reader will find material on creation, life, family, community, good times and bad times, joy and celebration, cultural matters, and seeds of God in African soil.” He remained in East Africa for the duration of his career, developing and writing about small Christian communities within areas dominated by alternate religions. He has also worked with members of other faiths as an author and evangelist. In his analysis of African faith stories, Healey has called them a “fifth gospel”, a controversial phrase that describes the use of faith stories for expressing Christian ideas to those of a non-Christian background. Much of his written work has tried to establish a model of evangelizing in Africa that can be followed by other missionaries. Communities where Healey has worked include Nairobi, Kenya, as well as Rulenge, Musoma, and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. In Tanzania he has also served as the Mission Awareness Committee of the Catholic Men Religious Superiors' Association. Additional nations he has worked in include Uganda and Zambia. In 1968 he founded the Social Communications Office of the Association of the Catholic Bishops Conferences in Eastern Africa, and in 1969 he was the press secretary for the Pope’s visit to Uganda. Between 1979 and 1982, Healey then served as the Spiritual Director of the Maryknoll School of Theology. In 1969 Healey received the Pro Ecclesia Papal Medal of the Vatican. In 2013 Healey then received the Msgr. Thomas A, Keissler Award from RENEW International. In the journal Proverbium, the \"International Bibliography of New and Reprinted Proverb Collections\" was dedicated to Healey. Healey has served as the appointed Chairperson of the Communications Sub-committee of the Cardinal Otunga Beatification Process. He has also served as the moderator of the African Proverbs Working Group." ]

[ "Piero Dorazio Piero Dorazio (Rome, June 29, 1927 - Perugia, May 17, 2005) was an Italian painter, whose work was related to Color field, Lyrical Abstraction and other forms of abstract art. Dorazio was born in Rome. His father was a civil servant, while his mother was interested in history and art. Dorazio attended the Julius Caesar Lyceum (high school) in Rome. During World War II, in 1943, the family fled to the province of Abruzzo, where they were originally from. After Italy's liberation and the end of civil war, Dorazio worked briefly as a translator for the British Army. After the war, he began to study architecture at the University of Rome. Influenced by futurists such as Gino Severini, Antonio Corpora, Enrico Prampolini, and Giacomo Balla, he gravitated to painting, but an adversion ofr their marked right-wing views pushed him to alignin himself with left-leaning artists like Renato Guttuso. Along with Pietro Consagra, Achille Perilli, and Giulio Turcato, in 1947 he helped formulating a manifesto and establish a group of abstract artists called \"Forma I\". Although imbued with socialist leanings, the group did not follow the realist social commentary furthered by Guttuso but proposed to reclaim abstraction from the Futurism movement. In 1947, Dorazio won a prize and stipend from the French government to study at the École des Beaux-Arts of Paris. In 1950, Dorazio, along with the artists Mino Perilli and Guerrini, helped found \"L'Age d'Or\", a bookstore/gallery space dedicated to abstract art. In 1952, he promoted with Alberto Burri, Ettore Colla and others the foundation Origine and edited the magazine \"Arti Visive\". In 1953, as a representative from Italy, he traveled for the first time to the United States to participate in the International Summer Seminar at Harvard University, Cambridge, MA. That fall, he moved to New York City and stayed through 1954. In October, Dorazio had his first solo exhibition at George Wittenborn's One-Wall Gallery. In 1955, he published \"La Fantasia Dell-Arte Nella Vita Moderna,\" a review of Modern art in Italy. In this book, reviewer Christopher Masters states, Dorazio advanced his belief, perhaps with surfeit of optimism, that \"abstract art could change the world... that just as science and technology were destroying the barriers between different cultures, so the new 'universal style' would lead to a 'universal civilisation'.\" In 1961, he was awarded the Prix Kandinsky in Paris. In 1959 he was invited to teach at the Graduate School of Fine Arts program at the University of Pennsylvania School of Design. He taught painting at the graduate school from 1960-1969, one semester a year, splitting his time between the United States and Italy. In 1970 he returned to live and work full time in Rome. In 1974, he moved his studio from Rome to Umbria, near Todi. He continued to work and exhibit until 2004. Described as an \"outspoken, independent character\" who was the \"opposite of politically correct\", Dorazio's use of materials and colors did not change much over time. He is mostly known for making paintings with thick bands of bright color and cross-hatched grids. While abstract, they do not neglect detail or complexity. His style is in line with what Clement Greenberg later described as \"Post-painterly abstraction\". Among the exhibitions that have included or featured Dorazio:" ]

[ "Johanna Braddy Johanna Elizabeth Braddy (born August 30, 1987) is an American actress. She played the leading role in the 2009 horror film \"The Grudge 3\", and has appeared in \"Hurt\" (2009), \"Easy A\" (2010), \"Paranormal Activity 3\" (2011), and \"The Levenger Tapes\" (2011). She also starred in a main role as Jenny Matrix in the hit web series \"Video Game High School\" from 2012 to 2014. In 2015, Braddy co-starred as Anna Martin in the Lifetime dark comedy-drama series \"Unreal\". She also starred as Shelby Wyatt in the ABC thriller series \"Quantico\". Braddy was born in Atlanta, Georgia; the daughter of Jo Beth, a preschool music teacher and a vocalist, and Steve Braddy, an engineer. Braddy has one brother, Cole Braddy. Braddy attended McIntosh High School in Peachtree City, Georgia, and graduated in 2005. Braddy made her screen acting début in the ABC Family television film \"Pop Rocks\" playing Olivia Harden. She made her voice acting debut in \"\" playing the roles of Princess Yue. Braddy also played small parts in films \"Broken Bridges\", \"Home of the Giants\" and \"Whore\". On television, she had recurring roles in the FX drama \"The Riches\", ABC Family teen comedy-drama, \"Greek\", and VH1 soap \"Hit the Floor\". She also guest starred on \"Cold Case\", \"Southland\", \"\", \"Suburgatory\", and \"Shameless\". In 2009, Braddy had her first leading role in the horror film \"The Grudge 3\", a third installment in \"The Grudge\" franchise, released direct-to-video. The following year, she played a supporting role in the teen comedy \"Easy A\" starring Emma Stone. She had roles in horror films \"Hurt\", \"The Levenger Tapes\", \"Paranormal Activity 3\", and \"The Collection\". From 2012 to 2014, she co-starred in the web series \"Video Game High School\". In 2013, Braddy was cast opposite Constance Zimmer and Shiri Appleby in the Lifetime dark comedy-drama, \"Unreal\". The series premiered on June 1, 2015 with positive reviews from critics. Also in 2015, Braddy was cast as a series regular in the ABC thriller \"Quantico\" along with Priyanka Chopra, Yasmine Al Massri, Graham Rogers, Jake McLaughlin and Aunjanue Ellis. Braddy married her co-star from \"Video Game High School\", Josh Blaylock, on November 11, 2012. They divorced late 2014 or early 2015; the exact date is unknown. Around the end of June 2015, Braddy confirmed in her verified Twitter account that they are no longer married. Braddy began dating her \"Unreal\" co-star, Freddie Stroma, in the summer of 2015. Braddy and Stroma became engaged in May 2016, and married on December 30, 2016, in Atlanta, Georgia." ]

[ "Raceair Lil Bitts The Racair Lil Bitts is a modification of the Micro Mong light biplane to resemble a Pitts Special marketed by Raceair Designs of Gilbert, South Carolina. The aircraft is also supplied by Wings Of Freedom. Ed Fisher developed the Micro Mong in 1993. The Lil Bitts fuselage was welded at the same time with slight modification to resmeble a Pitts Special. The project was sold and bought back several times before completion in 2007. The basis for the name Lil Bitts is a combination of 'Pitts' Special, and 'Lil Stinker', the Pitts Special flown by aerobatic performer Betty Skelton. The plans for the aircraft are currently marketed by Raceair. The Lil Bitts is a single seat biplane with conventional landing gear constructed from welded steel tubing with aircraft fabric covering. The wing spars are constructed of aluminum tubing with aluminum ribs and fabric covering. The Lil Bitts prototype won Experimental-Class Best Fabric award at Sun 'n Fun 2007." ]

[ "USS Quail (AM-15) USS \"Quail\" (AM-15) was an acquired by the U.S. Navy for the dangerous task of removing mines from minefields laid in the water to prevent ships from passing. \"Quail\" was named after the quail, a migratory game bird. \"Quail\" was laid down 14 May 1918 by the Chester Shipbuilding Co., Chester, Pennsylvania; launched 6 October 1918; and commissioned 29 April 1919. \"Quail\" steamed to Kirkwall, Scotland, to join the North Sea Mine Sweeping Detachment. She operated with this force clearing the North Sea of mines until 25 November 1919. She operated with the Atlantic Fleet in Cuban waters during early 1920, and then along the U.S. East Coast. In September 1922, she was attached to the submarine base at Coco Solo, Panama Canal Zone, operating in the Caribbean. She made a cruise to the east coast in late 1923, and in 1925 she was at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania for repairs. In 1927 she spent time patrolling the west coast of Nicaragua, and later joined the fleet in the Caribbean for maneuvers. From July 1928 to January 1929, she was on the east coast, operating between Virginia and Massachusetts. She returned to Coco Solo in 1929. Following duty with the control force in the Panama Canal area from 1929 to 1931, \"Quail\" operated out of Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, from 1931 to 1941, including in her duties a period of survey work off Alaska. On 25 July 1940 the Quail landed a force to construct a naval air station on Palmyra Atoll. With the outbreak of war with Japan, the USS \"Quail\" was in the Philippines. During the defense of Corregidor, she swept a channel providing access to South Harbor, Corregidor. Her crew then went ashore to aid in the defense of that island. Damaged by enemy bombs and guns, \"Quail\" was scuttled 5 May 1942 by U.S. forces to prevent her capture. Part of her crew, Lt Cmdr. John H Morrill and 17 others, escaped to Darwin, Australia, in a 36-foot motor launch. The rest of the crew became prisoners of war of Imperial Japan. A number were sent to Japan to become slave laborers for Japanese companies. Chief Petty Officer Virgil Byrd, sick with wet beriberi and the beginnings of congestive heart failure, was beaten to death on 11 May 1943 at the POW Camp #3D Yodogawa in Osaka, Japan for selling an extra pair of shoes to a Japanese workman. Byrd was beaten and kicked unconscious three times, revived and beaten again. He died that evening. The POW Camp supplied Allied POW slave labor to Yodogawa Steel Works, Ltd. The company has never acknowledged its involvement in this war crime. \"Quail\" received one battle star for World War II service." ]

[ "Além Paraíba Além Paraíba is a city in the southeastern Zona da Mata region of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The name indicates its position on the far bank (from Rio de Janeiro) of the Rio Paraíba do Sul. It was known as \"São José d'Além Parahyba\" until 1923. Além Paraíba was at the junction of the Estrada de Ferro Central do Brasil (1871) and the Estrada de Ferro Leopoldina (1873). The grand but somewhat ruinous main station (Porto Novo) now houses a small railway museum dedicated to the EF Leopoldina. The Empreza Ferro Carril Além Parahyba followed in 1895 with a 4 km mule railway to Saúde which ran along the main streets and was electrified in 1925 but closed following a fatal accident in 1939. The tracks are still in existence. The city comprises the following districts:" ]

[ "Tourada \"Tourada\" (\"Bullfight\") was the Portuguese entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1973, performed in Portuguese by Fernando Tordo. The song features the metaphor of a bullfight, comparing it either with the autocratic regime in Portugal at the time or with the culture of materialism. The song was performed third on the night, following Belgium's Nicole & Hugo with \"Baby, Baby\" and preceding Germany's Gitte with \"Junger Tag\". At the close of voting, it had received 80 points, placing 10th in a field of 17. It was succeeded as Portuguese representative at the 1974 Contest by Paulo de Carvalho with \"E depois do adeus\"." ]

[ "Mariam Bukamal Mariam Bukamal is a Bahraini sports commentator, anchor, television and radio personality. Bukamal joined the Information Affairs Authority while she was in fourth grade to host \"Rokn Al Atphal,\" a radio program. Her television career started when she began presenting the program \"Youth Time\" with Ali Hussein. She was an English teacher, before she joined the News Center as a sports anchor, and in 2011 became chief editor of the sport bulletin news. She started presenting variety shows through the \"Weekend\" program, which soon became a hit show. She then presented the Ramadan competitions show \"Albarastii,\" which gained success due in part to the spontaneous of the show and the use of Bahraini slang instead classical Arabic. She became known as one of the best announcers, distinguished by her spontaneous performance style, and she joined Al-Kass Sports Channel in March 2013 until November 2016 when she returned to Bahrain TV as Head of Sport Department in News Directorate and then in 2018 Appointed as Head of Bahrain Sports channel . Bachelor of Arts in English Literature and translation from the University of Bahrain, 2007<br> Higher Diploma in Education with honors from Teachers College, 2009<br> Masters in the media and public relations from Alahlya University, 2012 Ramadan 2017 Presented Ramadan competitions show \"Al Bank\" <br> Nov 2016 - May 2017 Supervising & presenting of \"Almalaab\" Sport Magazine Program For Bahrain TV <br> 2014 - 2016 Co-presenting \"Sport Dot Net\" for Alkass Channel<br> May 2013 Co-presenting \"alkass wa alnas Show\" for Alkass Channel<br> January 2013 Co-presenting \"Aldaha Show\" for Alkass Channel<br> June 2011 – February 2013 Presenting the weekly show, \"Weekend,\" on Bahrain T.V.<br> Ramadan 2012 Presented Ramadan competitions show \"Albarastii\"<br> October 2011 Covered the ladies windsurfing competition in Oman for Bahrain T.V.<br> September 2011 Presented a four-day show for Eid Alfetr (Edeya) on Bahrain T.V.<br> Ramadan 2011 Acted a daily animated comedy show \"Bujlea. \"<br> November 2009 and 2010 Presented all-day coverage of the annual fishing competition (Yacht Club).<br> May 2009 Presented a summer program for the Royal Police Academy of the Ministry of Interior.<br> April 2009 Presented a program in English about Sebastien Buemi of the Toro Rosso team, Formula One driver, and three-day live coverage of the Bahrain Grand Prix (Formula One).<br> January 2006 – July 2006 Presented a live and weekly program \"Youth Time.\" January 2011 Presented a dedicated show on Bahrain Fm 93.3, \"Sameani eghneya. \"<br> January 2011 March 2011: Acted a daily comedy show on Bahrain Fm 93.3 (Radio Tube).<br> April 2010 Acting in the daily show on Bahrain Fm 93.3, \"Sheraa Alhawa. \"<br> January 2010 – January 2011 Announced political news on Bahrain Fm 93.3.<br> 2009 Acted in a 30-episode series during the holy month of Ramadan, \"Hekayat Zaman. \"<br> 2007 Acted in a 30-episode series during Ramadan, \"Wa Yoghani Alhamam. \"<br> 2006 & 2007 Presented a three-day radio program in Eid Al-Adha \"Eid Dardeshat Eid. \"<br> 2006 & 2007 presented a three-day radio program in Eid Al-Fitr \"Lealat Eid. \"<br> 2001 – 2008 presenting a program \"An Hour with Youth. \"<br> 2000 – 2001 Presented a live weekly children’s radio show, \"Atphal Alyoum Shabab Alghad. \"<br> 2000 – 2005 Presented a live daily children’s radio show for the month of Ramadan.<br> 1996 – 1999 Presented a live and weekly children’s radio show, \"Rokn Al Atphal.\"" ]

[ "Mark Lewis (artist) Mark Lewis (born 1958 in Hamilton, Ontario) is a Canadian artist. Noted for his film installations, Lewis represented Canada at the 2009 Venice Biennale. Lewis attended Harrow College of Art (London) and the Polytechnic of Central London. He started as a photographer and began making film-based installations in the mid‑1990s. He has had solo museum exhibitions at the UBC Fine Arts Museum, Vancouver, Vancouver Art Gallery, Hamburger Kunstverein, Musée d’art moderne (Luxembourg), BFI Southbank (London), and the National Museum of Contemporary Art (Bucharest, Romania). His work is in many collections including the National Gallery of Canada, Museum of Modern Art New York, Musée d'art contemporain de Montréal, and the Centre Pompidou (Paris). Lewis was born in Hamilton, Ontario and now lives and works in London, England. In the 1980s, he studied with Victor Burgin and worked with Laura Mulvey which influenced his later approach to cinema and video. Mulvey and Lewis produced the documentary \"Disgraced Monuments\" in 1991. From 1989 to 1997 he lived in Vancouver becoming part of the burgeoning photoconceptualism scene of the Vancouver School. Much of his work focuses on the technology of film and the different genres which have been developed in over 100 years of film history. His films are often short, precise exercises on particular techniques. He is co-editorial director of the publisher Afterall, which produces a journal of contemporary art and a series of books and readers. It is published in London, Antwerp and Seville. In 2009 he represented Canada at the Venice Biennale in Venice, Italy. The exhibition was curated by Barbara Fischer." ]

[ "Bolivar, Tennessee Bolivar is a city in Hardeman County, Tennessee, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 5,417. It is the county seat of Hardeman County. The town was named for South American revolutionary leader Simón Bolívar. Bolivar is served by William L. Whitehurst Field. The first settlers came to the area between 10,000 - 7,000 BC. The first European people to come to Hardeman County looking for permanent residence came in 1819-20. They came from middle Tennessee, Virginia, South Carolina, North Carolina and Kentucky. The first town in Hardeman County was established in 1823 on the banks of the Big Hatchie, the Indian name for the river, and was called Hatchie Town. The new site, the county seat, bore the name Hatchie until by Act of the Tennessee State Legislature, on October 18, 1825, it was changed to Bolivar. Bolivar was named for General Simón Bolívar, the South American patriot and liberator. Hardeman County was officially organized on October 16, 1823, and was named for Thomas Jones Hardeman, a veteran of the War of 1812, who served as the first county court clerk and a commissioner for Bolivar before moving to Texas in 1835. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and 0.12% is water. The area is home to several historic properties and historic districts among the National Register of Historic Places listings in Hardeman County, Tennessee including Bolivar Court Square Historic District, Western State Hospital Historic District, North Main Street Historic District, and the Bills-McNeal Historic District. As of the census of 2000, there were 5,802 people, 2,161 households, and 1,462 families residing in the city. The population density was 684.4 people per square mile (264.2/km²). There were 2,352 housing units at an average density of 277.4 per square mile (107.1/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 42.33% White, 56.39% African American, 0.07% Native American, 0.50% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.07% from other races, and 0.62% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.60% of the population. There were 2,161 households out of which 31.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.0% were married couples living together, 24.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.3% were non-families. 30.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 14.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 3.03. In the city, the population was spread out with 26.7% under the age of 18, 9.0% from 18 to 24, 25.6% from 25 to 44, 21.5% from 45 to 64, and 17.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 83.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 75.1 males. The median income for a household in the city was $28,651, and the median income for a family was $35,298. Males had a median income of $30,442 versus $21,544 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,973. About 19.5% of families and 23.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 28.7% of those under age 18 and 28.6% of those age 65 or over. The climate in this area is characterized by relatively high temperatures and evenly distributed precipitation throughout the year. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Bolivar has a Humid subtropical climate, abbreviated \"Cfa\" on climate maps." ]

[ "McCarran Internal Security Act The Internal Security Act of 1950, (Public Law 81-831), also known as the Subversive Activities Control Act of 1950 or the McCarran Act, after its principal sponsor Sen. Pat McCarran (D-Nevada), is a United States federal law. Congress enacted it over President Harry Truman's veto. Its titles were I: Subversive Activities Control (Subversive Activities Control Act) and II: Emergency Detention (Emergency Detention Act of 1950). The Act required Communist organizations to register with the United States Attorney General and established the Subversive Activities Control Board to investigate persons suspected of engaging in subversive activities or otherwise promoting the establishment of a \"totalitarian dictatorship,\" either fascist or communist. Members of these groups could not become citizens and in some cases were prevented from entering or leaving the country. Immigrants found in violation of the act within five years of being naturalized could have their citizenship revoked. The Act also contained an emergency detention statute, giving the President the authority to apprehend and detain \"each person as to whom there is a reasonable ground to believe that such person probably will engage in, or probably will conspire with others to engage in, acts of espionage or sabotage.\" It tightened alien exclusion and deportation laws and allowed for the detention of dangerous, disloyal, or subversive persons in times of war or \"internal security emergency\". The Act made picketing a federal courthouse a felony if intended to obstruct the court system or influence jurors or other trial participants. Several key sections of the Act were taken from the earlier Mundt–Ferguson Communist Registration Bill, which Congress had failed to pass. It included language that Sen. Mundt had introduced several times before without success aimed at punishing a federal employee from passing information \"classified by the President (or by the head of any such department, agency, or corporation with the approval of the President) as affecting the security of the United States\" to \"any representative of a foreign government or to any officer or member of a Communist organization\". He told a Senate hearing that it was a response to what the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) had learned when investigating \"the so-called pumpkin papers case, the espionage activities in the Chambers-Hiss case, the Bentley case, and others.\" President Harry Truman vetoed it on September 22, 1950, and sent Congress a lengthy veto message in which he criticized specific provisions as \"the greatest danger to freedom of speech, press, and assembly since the Alien and Sedition Laws of 1798,\" a \"mockery of the Bill of Rights\" and a \"long step toward totalitarianism\". The House overrode the veto without debate by a vote of 286–48 the same day. The Senate overrode his veto the next day after \"a twenty-two hour continuous battle\" by a vote of 57–10. Thirty-one Republicans and 26 Democrats voted in favor, while five members of each party opposed it. The Supreme Court of the United States was initially deferential towards the Internal Security Act. For example, in \"Galvan v. Press\", the Court upheld the deportation of a Mexican alien on the basis that he had briefly been a member of the Communist Party from 1944 to 1946, even though such membership had been lawful at that time (and had been declared retroactively illegal by the Act). As McCarthyism faded into history, the Court adopted a more skeptical approach towards the Act. The 1964 decision in \"Aptheker v. Secretary of State\" ruled unconstitutional Section 6, which prevented any member of a communist party from using or obtaining a passport. In 1965, the Court voted 8–0 in \"Albertson v. Subversive Activities Control Board\" to invalidate the Act's requirement that members of the Communist Party were to register with the government. It held that the information which party members were required to submit could form the basis of their prosecution for being party members, which was then a crime, and therefore deprived them of their Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination. In 1967, the act's provision prohibiting communists from working for the federal government or at defense facility was also struck down by the Supreme Court as a violation of the First Amendment's right to freedom of association in \"United States v. Robel\". The U.S. military continues to use , citing it in U.S. Army regulation AR 190-11 in support of allowing installation commanders to regulate privately owned weapons on army installations. An Army message known as an ALARACT states \"senior commanders have specific authority to regulate privately owned weapons, explosives, and ammunition on army installations.\" The ALARACT refers to AR 190-11 and public law (section 1062 of Public Law 111-383, also known as the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2011); AR 190-11 in turn cites the McCarran Internal Security Act (codified as 50 USC 797). The ALARACT reference is a truncated version of the public law. Part of the Act was repealed by the Non-Detention Act of 1971. For example, violation of (Section 21 of \"the Internal Security Act of 1950\"), which concerns security of military bases and other sensitive installations, may be punishable by a prison term of up to one year. The part of the act codified as has been repealed in its entirety for violating the First Amendment. The now-powerless Subversive Activities Control Board was abolished by Congress in 1972.", "The now-powerless Subversive Activities Control Board was abolished by Congress in 1972. The 1971 pseudo documentary film \"Punishment Park\" speculated what might have happened if Richard Nixon had enforced the McCarran Act against members of the anti-war movement, black power movement, the feminist movement, and others." ]

[ "Multimedia Fountain Roshen Multimedia Fountain Roshen (Vinnytsia Fountain “Roshen”)- was built on the river Southern Buh in Vinnytsia City near Festivalny Isle (Kempa Isle). This is the only one multimedia fountain in Ukraine and the largest floating fountain in Europe. Fountain runs from early April to late October. The project design and development was performed by Emotion Media Factory, a Germany-based company responsible for the dancing fountains in Chiang Mai Night Safari Park (Thailand) and Kangwon Land (South Korea) as well as the multimedia shows for AIDA Cruises. The show was created by Ralph Douw, the CEO of the company. The total cost of the project was 37 million UAH (~ 1.5 million EUR). The fountain was officially inaugurated on 4 September 2011 along with the official opening ceremony of Roshen Quay. The Multimedia fountain Roshen is ranked No.1 on TripAdvisor among 46 attractions in Vinnytsia. Multimedia fountain Roshen is located in Vinnytsia, a city in west-central Ukraine, located on the banks of the Southern Buh. Built in 2011 it is considered as one of the largest floating fountains in Europe. It is the major multimedia attraction in the city. The fountain constitutes a part of the complex reconstruction project of the Southern Buh quay near Roshen Confectionery Factory in Vinnytsia. In the framework of the project the 700 meter water front was embanked, a pedestrian zone and a leisure area were constructed, a street lighting system was installed, and an amphitheatre was built for hosting spectators of the fountain shows. To install the fountain equipment the riverbed of the Southern Buh was cleared in the volume of 28000 cubic meters. In the history of Ukraine this project is the first of such a scale implemented on the private company costs. Primarily the fountain systems are installed in the artificial water basins with water cleaning system. The unique characteristic of the Roshen multimedia fountain is the use of the running river water. One more exceptional characteristic of the multimedia fountain is its “hibernating technology”, due to which the fountain equipment is sinking under the ice on the bottom of the Southern Buh during winter periods. Roshen Fountain and Roshen Quay are recognized the winners of the all Ukrainian competition “The Best Building and Construction” of the year 2012. The multimedia shows are combining water effects (fountain), music, lasers and 3D projection on the water screen. For the fountain shows the super powerful LED lights are used allowing applying very bright and showy backlighting resulting in various picturesque effects. Despite other fountains in Ukraine, Roshen multimedia fountain has moving particles reaching verticity due to which the water spring angle is changing dynamically. The sound power of the audio system is 3840 Watt. The height of the central spring reaches 65–70 metres, the projection screen dimension is around 16 metres height and 45 metres width, and the frontal water dispersion constitutes 140 metres. Performance repertoire includes: The Inventions Show is the story of the great world inventions. The idea for the Inventions show was inspired by the major milestones of human inventions. Mechanical, Electrical, Analogue and then finally Digital. The scenes shifted from a huge steam engine created by the large water effects and sound, morphing slowly into a “train” using the full 100 meters of fountain effects, through the mechanical era with cars and bikes floating across the massive water screen. Reaching the Electric era sparks and lasers fill the sky above the audience. In the pre Computer era a huge oscilloscope displays analogue morphing patterns on a 70m wide water jet screen. Grids of Laser beams fill the entire sky as we travel into the Digital era with Hologram like projections onto the entire fountains, ending in a mighty final fountain display. The music was individually composed and produced for each scene by Alexius Tschallener (Composers4Film). The theme is a total re-interpretation of Tchaikovsky’s Swan Lake. Swan Lake Fantasy show involves 277 jets, 67 pumps, 560 LED underwater floodlights, 4 engines, 23 frequency inverters and 240 solenoid valves. The video projection onto the water screen requires two 15,000 Ansi Lumen and in parallel there is a dazzling total of four laser lights on, through and above the water. Two 15-Watt RGB lasers and two 18-Watt RGBY lasers. Plus a very complex computerised control of the water jets together with light, laser and music. This is a new show, that was presented for the season 2016. The show is based on the novel The Little Prince (Le Petit Prince) written by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry. The show tells the story of the Little Prince, his meeting with the fox, and baobab trees ready to destroy the Prince's home asteroid. The show combines animation, choreography and background voice telling the story. On the 4th of September 2011 the grand opening of the Multimedia Fountain Roshen, a unique light and music fountain, took place on the quay of the Southern Buh in Vinnytsia in the presence of tens of thousands of people. On the 22nd April 2012 the festive launch of the Roshen multimedia fountain in the new season was held and a new show programme was presented. By the opening period three additional laser systems were installed, allowing to apply more special effects and to vary the show programme tremendously. New season of the multimedia fountain Roshen has started at 27 April. The season grand opening was accompanied by the big music show. Famous Ukrainian artists like BoomBox band, rock band Plach Yeremiyi and Maria Burmaka.", "Famous Ukrainian artists like BoomBox band, rock band Plach Yeremiyi and Maria Burmaka. In 25 April 2014 the seasonal opening of the largest light and music fountain took place in Vinnitsya. The launch day was expected on 26 April, but the owner of the Roshen confectionery Petro Poroshenko has changed the day to 25-th. The new season has started at April 25. The closing ceremony was at night of 23 October. Over 20,000 spectators attended the night show. During the event people enjoyed multimedia show and the big concert of Ukrainian artists. Between the guests of the show was the family of Ukrainian president. The grand opening of the new season 2016 took place on April 23 at 7 p.m. Nationwide finalists of Eurovision contest including Tonia Matvienko, Pur:Pur, Alloise, Brunettes Shot Blondies entertained visitors at the grand opening night show. The season closing show took place on 15 October 2016. The headliners of the show were the top Ukrainian artists: '\"Oleksandr Ponomariov'\", Braty Hadiukiny and TNMK. The 7th season grand opening for the Multimedia Fountain Roshen will take place on 29 April 2017 in Vinnytsia. The headliners of the concert will be Ukrainian famous artists: ONUKA and Arsen Mirsoyan. • Length - 97 meters • Width - 10 meters • Height of the central jet - 63 meters • Dispersion of water on the front - 140 meters • Size of water projection screen - 16 × 45 meters • Water pumps power - 780 kW • Number of underwater lights - 560 pcs. • Sound power audio system - 3840 watts Floating platform - general dimensions: • Length - 93.8 meters • Width - 7.5 meters • Draft - 1.36 meters • Displacement - ~ 170 tons http://fontan-roshen.map.vn.ua/ http://vcf.vn.ua:8080/view/viewer_index.shtml?id=3807 http://vcf.vn.ua:8081/view/viewer_index.shtml?id=32044" ]

[ "Nasaan si Francis? Nasaan si Francis? (English: Where is Francis?) is 2006 Filipino comedy film by Gabriel Fernandez which stars Paolo Contis, Epi Quizon, Christopher De Leon and former Rivermaya frontman Rico Blanco. The movie is based on Fernandez's theatrical play of the same name. Boy (Paolo Contis) is struggling to save his girlfriend Sofia (Tanya Garcia), who is forced to work as a prostitute for the scheming Madam San (Rio Locsin). Boy and his best friend Sonny (Rico Blanco) visit their childhood friend Francis (Epi Quizon), who is now a violent drug dealer. Unexpectedly, Francis suffers from a heart attack and dies. Instead of reporting the incident to his family, Boy and Sonny hid Francis' body as they searched the entire house for the tablets of Ecstasy, which they were hoping to sell. Chaos ensues when Francis' family and girlfriend, as well as drug pusher Rocky (Christopher De Leon) find out about his death." ]