Patent Abstract:
the present invention relates to transgenic orange ornamental fish , as well as methods of making such fish by in vitro fertilization techniques . also disclosed are methods of establishing a population of such transgenic fish and methods of providing them to the ornamental fish industry for the purpose of marketing .

Detailed Description:
in some aspects , the invention regards transgenic fish . methods of making transgenic fish are described in , for example , u . s . pat . nos . 7 , 135 , 613 ; 7 , 700 , 825 ; 7 , 834 , 239 , each of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety . it is preferred that fish belonging to species and varieties of fish of commercial value , particularly commercial value within the ornamental fish industry , be used . such fish include but are not limited to catfish , zebrafish and other danios , medaka , carp , tilapia , goldfish , tetras , barbs , sharks ( family cyprinidae ), angelfish , loach , koi , glassfish , catfish , discus , eel , tetra , goby , gourami , guppy , xiphophorus , hatchet fish , molly fish , or pangasius . a particular fish for use in the context of the invention is a tetra , gymnocorymbus ternetzi . tetra are increasingly popular ornamental animals and would be of added commercial value in various colors . tetra embryos are easily accessible and nearly transparent . a fish that is of particular use with the disclosed constructs and methods is the white tetra . tetra skin color is determined by pigment cells in the skin , which contain pigment granules called melanosomes . the number , size , and density of the melanosomes per pigment cell influence the color of the fish skin . white tetra have diminished number , size , and density of melanosomes and hence have lighter skin when compared to the wild type tetra . fish sperm freezing methods are well - known in the art ; see , e . g ., walker and streisinger ( 1983 ) and draper and moens ( 2007 ), both of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties . to obtain the transgenic fish disclosed herein , frozen tetra sperm may be used to fertilize eggs . briefly , one or two breeding pairs of tetra should be placed in a shoebox with an artificial spawning mat . the water level in the shoebox should be ˜ 2 - 3 inches and kept at 75 - 85 ° f . low salinity ( conductivity 100 - 200 us / cm ) and slight acidity (˜ ph 6 . 9 ) promote spawning . the fish may be exposed to a natural or artificial light cycle ; the photoperiod starts at 8 am and ends at 10 pm . the following morning , remove and discard the eggs . tetra may be anesthetized by immersion in tricaine solution at 16 mg / 100 ml water . after gill movement has slowed , remove one female , rinse it in water , and gently blot the belly damp - dry with a paper towel . the eggs should not be exposed to water as this will prevent fertilization . gently squeeze out the eggs onto a slightly concave surface by applying light pressure to the sides of the abdomen with a thumb and index finger and sliding the fingers to the genital pore . ready to spawn females will release the eggs extremely easily , and care should be taken not to squeeze the eggs out while blotting the fish . good eggs are yellowish and translucent ; eggs that have remained in the female too long appear white and opaque . the females will release the eggs only for an hour or so . eggs from several females may be pooled ; the eggs can be kept unfertilized for several minutes . the sperm is thawed at 33 ° c . in a water bath for 18 - 20 seconds . 70 μl room temperature hanks solution is added to the vial and mixed . the sperm is then immediately added to the eggs and gently mixed . the sperm and eggs are activated by adding 750 μl of fish water and mixing . the mixture is incubated for 5 minutes at room temperature . the dish is then filled with fish water and incubated at 28 ° c . after 2 - 3 hours , fertile embryos are transferred to small dishes where they are further cultured . parichy and johnson , 2001 , which is incorporated by reference in its entirety , provides additional examples regarding in vitro fertilization . the invention further encompasses progeny of a transgenic fish containing the orange tetra 1 transformation event , as well as such transgenic fish derived from a transgenic fish egg , sperm cell , embryo , or other cell containing a genomically integrated transgenic construct . “ progeny ,” as the term is used herein , can result from breeding two transgenic fish of the invention , or from breeding a first transgenic fish of the invention to a second fish that is not a transgenic fish of the invention . in the latter case , the second fish can , for example , be a wild - type fish , a specialized strain of fish , a mutant fish , or another transgenic fish . the hybrid progeny of these matings have the benefits of the transgene for fluorescence combined with the benefits derived from these other lineages . the simplest way to identify fish containing the orange tetra 1 transformation event is by visual inspection , as the fish in question would be orange colored and immediately distinguishable from non - transgenic fish . certain embodiments of the invention are further described with reference to the following examples . these examples are intended to be merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit or restrict the scope of the present invention in any way and should not be construed as providing conditions , parameters , reagents , or starting materials that must be utilized exclusively in order to practice the art of the present invention . transgenic fish exhibiting a orange color are provided . the specific transgenic events embodied in these fish are designated the “ orange tetra 1 transformation event ”. sperm from these fish may be used to fertilize tetra eggs and thereby breed transgenic tetra that comprise these specific transgenic integration events . sperm from this line was deposited at the european collection of cell cultures ( ecacc ), public health england , cryostores , bld . 17 , porton down , salisbury , sp4 ojg , united kingdom , under the provisions of the budapest treaty as “ orange tetra 1 ” ( the deposit was designated as accession no . 13073002 ). the fluorescent transgenic fish have use as ornamental fish in the market . stably expressing transgenic lines can be developed by breeding a transgenic individual with a wild - type fish , mutant fish , or another transgenic fish . the desired transgenic fish can be distinguished from non - transgenic fish by observing the fish in white light , sunlight , ultraviolet light , blue light , or any other useful lighting condition that allows visualization of the orange color of the transgenic fish . the fluorescent transgenic fish should also be valuable in the market for scientific research tools because they can be used for embryonic studies such as tracing cell lineage and cell migration . additionally , these fish can be used to mark cells in genetic mosaic experiments and in fish cancer models . all of the compositions and / or methods disclosed and claimed herein can be made and executed without undue experimentation in light of the present disclosure . while the compositions and methods of this invention have been described in terms of preferred embodiments , it will be apparent to those of skill in the art that variations may be applied to the compositions and / or methods and in the steps or in the sequence of steps of the methods described herein without departing from the concept , spirit and scope of the invention . more specifically , it will be apparent that certain agents that are both chemically and physiologically related may be substituted for the agents described herein while the same or similar results would be achieved . all such similar substitutes and modifications apparent to those skilled in the art are deemed to be within the spirit , scope , and concept of the invention as defined by the appended claims . the following references , to the extent that they provide exemplary procedural or other details supplementary to those set forth herein , are specifically incorporated herein by reference . u . s . pat . no . 7 , 135 , 613 u . s . pat . no . 7 , 700 , 825 u . s . pat . no . 7 , 834 , 239 brem et al ., aquaculture , 68 : 209 - 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