Title: Recommendations

Context:
There is moderate quality evidence from retrospective cohort and retrospective case-control studies  indicating that risk of prescription opioid overdose and overdose death exists even at low opioid dosage levels and increases with increasing doses. Significant risk (approximately 1.5 times) exists at a daily dosage range of 20 to <50 mg MEDD and further increases (approximately 2.6 times) at a range of 50 to <100 mg MEDD compared to risk at <20 mg MEDD. Risk continues to increase at higher dosage ranges (≥100 mg  MEDD) (Table 2).[58,59,66,133]

Question: Is there any evidence that risk of prescription opioid overdose and overdose death exists even at low opioid dosage levels and increases with increasing doses?

Answer: There is moderate quality evidence from retrospective cohort and retrospective case-control studies