Title: Background information

Context:
Acute psychiatric instability or intermediate to high acute suicide risk: Intermediate to high acute suicide risk, severe depression, unstable bipolar disorder, or unstable psychotic disorder precludes the safe use of self-administered LOT.[60] Im et al. (2015) (n=487,462) found that a  diagnosis of a mood disorder was significantly associated with suicide attempts for the chronic use of short-acting and long-acting opioids compared with no diagnosis of a mood disorder.[61] In a study of patients on opioids, Campbell et al. (2015) reported that those with bipolar disorder had 2.9 times the odds of suicidal ideation within the past 12 months as well as 3.2  times the odds of a lifetime suicide attempt compared to those with no bipolar disorder.[62] See  Recommendation 8 and the VA/DoD Suicide CPG2 for more information on suicidality. See the  VA/DoD Clinical Practice Guideline for Management of Bipolar Disorder in Adults (VA/DoD BD  CPG) for more information on bipolar disorder.3 Merrill and colleagues found that high dose chronic opioid therapy for pain was associated with depressed mood.[63] Treatment for chronic pain with movement, exercise, and cognitive-behavioral therapy for pain may have benefits in treating depression, PTSD, and in reducing suicide risk.[64]

Question: What are the odds of suicidal ideation within the past 12 months in those with bipolar disorder compared to those with no bipolar disorder?

Answer: 2.9 times