Title: Recommendations

Context:
As outlined in this CPG, there is a rapidly growing understanding of the significant harms of LOT even at  doses lower than 50 mg oral morphine equivalent daily dose [MEDD], including but not limited to  overdose and OUD. At the same time there is a lack of high quality evidence that LOT improves pain,  function, and/or quality of life. The literature review conducted for this CPG identified no studies  evaluating the effectiveness of LOT for outcomes lasting longer than 16 weeks. Given the lack of evidence  showing sustained functional benefit of LOT and moderate evidence outlining harms, non-opioid  treatments are preferred for chronic pain. Patient values, goals, concerns, and preferences must be  factored into clinical decision making on a case-by-case basis. When considering the initiation or  continuation of LOT, it is important to consider whether LOT will result in clinically meaningful  improvements in function such as readiness to return to work/duty and/or measurable improvement in  other areas of function, such that the benefits outweigh the potential harms.

Question: In the literature review conducted for this CPG, are there any study evaluating the effectiveness of LOT for outcomes lasting longer than 16 weeks?

Answer: no