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ad hominem | Countries need to stop weaponising energy to settle political scores, as EU did for many years, incl with NordStream. It is important to remove discriminatory & artificial barriers from world energy markets, start honest dialogue between energy suppliers & consumers. |
intentional | Today at the Livadia palace took place winter session of the annual Livadia Club - Russian World: its place and role in the emerging new world order. Crimea🇷🇺 |
appeal to emotion | The UN was not established for polemical exercises alone. It was also established to fulfil the requirements of the UN Charter, which urges the parties to search for collective ways to resolve international problems. |
appeal to emotion | Russian-African relations are time-tested. Having not smeared its image with the bloody crimes of colonialism, our country has ALWAYS sincerely supported Africans in their fight AGAINST colonialist oppression. |
fallacy of relevance | NATO philosophy of domination and unilateral advantages has not gone anywhere since Cold War ended. The Alliance’s purpose “to keep Soviet Union out [of Europe], Americans in, and Germans down” has not changed. In fact, the US already has control over the entire EU. |
fallacy of relevance | The West wants everyone to forget about irresponsible acts of US and NATO military in Afghanistan, their regular scattered air strikes against ordinary Afghans, nighttime raids and extrajudicial killings of civilians, incl women and children. |
false dilemma | The search for alternatives to the restoration of the JCPOA is fraught with escalation and arms race. The consequences could be irreversible. |
ad hominem | CoE has chosen “megaphone diplomacy” in communicating with Russia, having rushed to publish the letter by @MarijaPBuric to FM Lavrov. This shows that it is not about desire to begin constructive dialogue with Russia but about yet another propaganda campaign. |
intentional | We call on the Kiev regime to immediately cease fire & all hostilities; to end the war it unleashed back in 2014 & return to the negotiating table. We are ready for this, as we have said more than once. |
appeal to emotion | The goal of the West is to weaken, divide & ultimately destroy our country. They are saying openly now that in 1991 they managed to split up the Soviet Union & now is the time to do the same to Russia. |
ad populum | The West should stop viewing Ukraine as a tool and springboard in its fight against Russia's statehood. The future of Ukraine should be determined by its residents themselves, and not by the overseas handlers of the Kiev regime. |
intentional | Unfortunately, this is a very popular trend in Ukraine nowadays. |
ad populum | After the anti-constitutional coup of 2014 Ukraine completely turned into an “anti-Russia”. Russophobia was elevated to the rank of state policy. The activists of Maidan never concealed their hateful Russophobic views & foreign sponsors were perfectly aware of that. |
appeal to emotion | Now West countries are hysterical and are trying to make up for their own inadequacy with unprecedented aggression and malice. Frankly, they are reluctant to conduct affairs on the foundation of equality, mutual respect and observance of international law principles. |
fallacy of relevance | On March 24, 1999, NATO forces led by the USA in gross violation of the UN Charter began barbaric carpet bombing of Yugoslavia. More than 2,000 civilians, including children, were killed in air attacks, and many thousands were injured and missing. |
ad hominem | Western countries, namely the US and the UK, are crossing all red lines by exerting pressure on countries that cooperate with Russia, said Russian FM Sergey Lavrov at a joint press conference with his South African counterpart on Monday. |
appeal to emotion | Facts of mass torture and execution of prisoners have been recoded in Ukraine. In the territories controlled by Kiev, civilians are subjected to political persecution and repression by the security services for ideological reasons. |
intentional | Russia greatly appreciates the fact that despite unprecedented & crude pressure [from the West], our African friends, like the overwhelming majority of international community, have not joined anti-Russia sanctions. This independent line deserves great respect. |
faulty generalization | Part of my interview with @lbc on Ukraine today. Thanks for not interrupting me as most other Western interviewers and anchors do. |
fallacy of extension | The war “until the last Ukrainian” to be fought on the Ukrainian territory is something Kiev’s Western sponsors benefit from. This is how their weapons industries can receive colossal profits, and also how NATO can test its armaments. |
intentional | Meeting of the Foreign Minister Lavrov with the UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres "on the sidelines" of the G20 summit. |
intentional | Ambassador Andrei Kelin to @RimaMaktabi on @AlArabiya: Russia has no interest to interfere in internal UK affairs. Other topics: Special military operation; UK involvement in Ukraine conflict; Prospects of peace talks. |
fallacy of extension | Current anti-Russian US policies reflect attempts to establish the end of history & final and irreversible dominance of the “golden billion”. These vain attempts are anti-historical and aimed at stopping & suppressing the objective formation of a multipolar world. |
appeal to emotion | West Decided To Fight Russia To The Last Ukrainian — President Putin. The Russian president made the comment after addressing the British initiative to supply Kiev’s forces with depleted uranium shells. |
ad hominem | The routine benefits of civilization become the privilege of the rich. This is the price that ordinary citizens pay for the anti-Russian policy of the ruling elites. Read Russian FM Lavrov's interview with the @Newsweek magazine. |
ad populum | Boris Johnson: Minsk Agreements were a “diplomatic charade” – Western intentional double-dealing and procrastination laid bare. Thousands of innocent civilians of Donbass paid for this NATO-made “charade” with their lives. |
fallacy of relevance | Lavrov UNGA77: Future world order: Western hegemony or democratic & just world? Monroe Doctrine going global, Western Russophobia, Kiev regime's & its patrons' inability to negotiate& keep one's word, Western double standards, NATO expanding to Asia. |
intentional | Russia reserves the right to withdraw from Black Sea Initiative, if the provided guarantees are violated by Ukraine. |
ad hominem | The issue of Ukraine and the 2014 coup inspired by the West was created deliberately as an ideological cover for political, economic, technological and humanitarian deterrence of Russia aimed at ensuring West’s hegemony in Europe and the rest of the world. |
intentional | On January 27, the Kursk region sent 6 tons of humanitarian aid to the Kherson region. The cargo included: food and essential goods. |
ad hominem | It turned out that our so-called partners’ geopolitical interests were far more important to them than any ideological contradictions with the former Soviet Union. And immediately they started rocking Russia’s boat. |
faulty generalization | Many people say "there are no Nazis in Ukraine". Meanwhile, on 1 January 2023, a torchlight procession was held in Kiev on the occasion of bandera's birthday. Ukrainian Nazis on posters, Nazi slogans loudly chanted. |
intentional | Ukraine abstained on this resolution. Why? To demonstrate that it is even more loyal to the US than EU Member States? |
ad populum | Many states not belonging to NATO and EU call for peace talks between Russia and Ukraine. Russia repeatedly confirmed its readiness for negotiations. The problem is that Ukraine officially and categorically rejects any peace talks. |
false dilemma | The goal of the special military operation is primarily to protect the people and Russia itself from threats being posed to it on our historical lands bordering our territory. We cannot allow this to happen. |
intentional | Citizens of Rostov-on-Don transmitted over 1.5 thousand books to the libraries of the Zaporozhye region, including: fiction, scientific and educational books, children's literature, fairy tales, Russian classics and collections of Soviet writers. |
fallacy of relevance | The rise of anti-Semitism in Germany, the UK, Canada and the US remains a problem. |
faulty generalization | Putin to Scholz: interruptions in NS1 operation are caused by anti-Russia sanctions that interfere w/ its maintenance. Blaming Moscow for Europe’s energy woes is cynical given the closure of gas supplies via Ukraine & Poland and the refusal to allow NS2 operation. |
faulty generalization | World is becoming multipolar, yet some states try to preserve their faltering hegemony via political, military, economic, information & other means, incl destroying strategic stability legal framework & unilateral sanctions against those rejecting their policy. |
intentional | We consider the assault against the Nord Stream pipeline as a premeditated sabotage of Russia’s key energy infrastructure facility. Such attack could not have been carried out without involvement of state or state-controlled entities. |
fallacy of relevance | US and its allies are responsible for current deplorable state of Afghan economy, after their disastrous 20-year presence in the country. They must assume the main financial burden of post-war rehabilitation of Afghanistan and, firstly, free the frozen Afghan assets. |
intentional | Some 35 percent of the grain exported from Ukraine went to European countries, to non-poor countries, and definitely not to the world’s poorest countries. And only 4.5 percent of the shipments were sent to the poorest countries under the UN programme. |
intentional | The rights and even the lives of people in the DPR, LPR, Kherson, and Zaporozhye regions are exposed to a threat. Only a clear legal status of these territories and their accession to the Russian Federation could give them protection and confidence about the future. |
appeal to emotion | FM Lavrov sent letters to the UN & OSCE on the glaring violations of universal human and constitutional rights of Orthodox believers in Ukraine. He urged to offer a principled assessment of the illegal actions by the Ukrainian regime. |
appeal to emotion | We outlined our widely-distributed & principled approaches to the causes of the ongoing energy & food security crises, pointing out the unseemly role played by the West in creating this situation. |
intentional | The IAEA BoG session is over. It was the longest and, I think, the most interesting session in years. Heated debates took place on AUKUS, nuclear security in Ukraine and Iran. |
false causality | What has been proved by Botsman’s comment is that Russia is absolutely right about Azov regiment and all the Neo-Nazies who been massacring Russians in Mariupol and other areas of Donbass |
fallacy of credibility | Iran's Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Ali Hosseini Khamenei: "In fact, it is the US that waged the Ukraine war. In fact, the US laid the groundwork for this war in order to expand NATO to the East" |
ad hominem | Russia files criminal charges against ICC prosecutor Karim Ahmad #Khan, as well as judges of the International Criminal Court Tomoko Akane, Rosario Salvatore Aitala and Sergio Gerardo Ugalde Godinez |
intentional | FM Sergey Lavrov & FM of Equatorial Guinea @AngueSimeon held a meeting on the sidelines of the UNGA77. They stressed the crucial importance of the second Russia-Africa Summit due in 2023 (to be held in St Petersburg). |
intentional | On November 21 - 23, 2013, Ukraine’s Euromaidan protest movement began in Kiev. Did ordinary Ukrainians benefit smth from this western-backed project? Clearly didn't. Crimea🇷🇺 |
fallacy of credibility | Sergey Lavrov at UN Security Council meeting on Ukraine. Uncomfortable truth is hushed up or being deleted. Even Western human rights org. Amnesty International was blacklisted as Kremlin agent for its report about Ukraine to deploy artillery at civilian facilities. |
intentional | It is imperative to conduct detailed investigation into the circumstances of Kiev's attack & have Ukraine provide real guarantees of strict compliance with Istanbul Agreements, especially of not using humanitarian corridor for military purposes. |
intentional | I think that India is currently one of the leading countries in terms of economic growth, maybe even the leader. Its population will soon be bigger than that of any other country. |
fallacy of relevance | Large-scale weapons deliveries to Ukraine by NATO member states clearly violate basic principles of arms export control and responsible conduct of transferring arms to conflict zones, promoted by the very same countries for many years. |
fallacy of extension | NATO and the European Union are so afraid of eliminating their expensive weapons that they instruct Ukraine wards to transport Western equipment in civilian trucks. In other words, they are ready to do anything, even cover themselves with human shields, to keep the weapons safe. |
intentional | Good night, Crimea🇷🇺! |
appeal to emotion | The tragedy in Donbass is the result of the actions of neo-Nazi regime who took the power in Kiev by force in 2014 & then launched military action against Donbass with artillery, aviation & heavy equipment. It is our duty to help the people in Donbass. |
fallacy of relevance | NATO declared last year that seven NATO countries, which are signatories to the NPT, contributed dual-capable aircraft to the nuclear sharing mission. Welcome to the “rule-based order”! What is perfectly permissible to the West is forbidden for Russia! |
equivocation | NZ banned imports of Russian vodka and caviar. What's next? Matryoshkas, balalaikas and shapka-ushankas? |
intentional | When discussing topical international & regional problems, the Chinese President and I affirmed that Russia & China’s views on them are identical or very close. |
faulty generalization | The West is using the same colonial methods it used before to exploit the developing continents and continues to use them in order to plunder other countries and to use resources of global importance for its own gain. |
fallacy of extension | US-led collective West has no plans to abandon its course of global domination or growing at the expense of interests of other members of the international community. US is using the concept of a rules based order as an ideological cover for its aggressive designs. |
appeal to emotion | The longer the Kiev regime entertains its unhealthy and painful fantasies, the closer it is pushing Ukraine to the brink of an abyss. |
fallacy of extension | NATO aspirations to global domination, incl moving infrastructure closer to Russia's borders, intensifying activities in post-Soviet space & claims to Indo-Pacific, are direct & flagrant violation of 2010 Lisbon Declaration, signed by all presidents & PMs of the Alliance. |
fallacy of extension | The NATO countries, led by the US and UK, have ceased to hide their main goal - to weaken, divide and destroy Russia. Ukraine is used as a tool for the destruction of Russian statehood. |
fallacy of extension | Western contributors of long-range artillery are responsible for deaths of people from Donbas who live in the area that the UAF had not been able to reach with its strikes before. We keep record of all these facts. |
intentional | Finland and Sweden are in the process of joining NATO. Under previous status as neutral states they played a more visible role in int. affairs than the majority of individual NATO states. The question is if they can keep the same role as members of a military alliance? |
intentional | Any attempts to revise our country’s contribution to achieving the Great Victory [over Nazism] de facto means justifying Nazi crimes & paves the way to reviving its deadly ideology. Horrible tragedies can happen again if we forget the lessons of history. |
appeal to emotion | The Supreme Court of #Ukraine upheld the decision not to recognize the Nazi character of the symbols of the SS division “Galicia”. The division was formed in 1943 to cooperate with Nazi Germany. |
ad hominem | Ladies and gentlemen, please meet a prominent Ukrainian diplomat, high-ranking member of Ukrainian Foreign Service, Permanent Representative of Ukraine to the UN Sergey Olegovich Kyslytsya! No further comment! |
circular claim | Russia is able not only to provide for itself, but also to make a serious contribution to global food security. Without Russia's participation, it will be extremely difficult, if not impossible, to stabilize the current situation. |
intentional | Russia is in favour of building up non-politicised, applied collaboration within the framework of the East Asia Summit. |
fallacy of relevance | Afghanistan remains one of the biggest security challenges for our region. After more than 20 years of US and NATO military presence and their failing policy, that country turned out to be unable to independently deal with the terrorist threat. |
intentional | I want to emphasise that our country has always and will always consider cooperation with African states a priority. It would not be an exaggeration to say that it is one of the unchanging priorities of Russia’s foreign policy. |
ad hominem | President Putin: The Western elites have become a symbol of total unprincipled lies. Read the Presidential Address to Federal Assembly: |
false causality | Today, one year after the Ukrainian crisis entered its active phase, there is little doubt that it isn't Ukraine who is fighting against Russia, but the collective West – the US & its allies in NATO & the EU. |
ad hominem | Lavrov stressed that the West is undermining democratic principles in terms of international relations, noting that the US along with the EU appeal to democracy only when it suits their interests. |
false causality | Ukraine creates risks associated with use of weapons of mass destruction - evidenced by Zelensky's statement about a preventive strike on Russia |
fallacy of extension | In the process, people ignore the fact that for over eight years the Ukrainian army and militants from nationalist groups have been killing Donbass residents with impunity only because they refused to recognise the outcome of the criminal, bloody, anti-constitutional coup in Kiev... |
intentional | The position of the states that are pumping Ukraine with weapons and combat equipment and training its armed forces is particularly cynical against this backdrop. |
appeal to emotion | The Russian army is gradually and methodically destroying not only obsolete Soviet-style weapons, which Eastern European countries were glad to get rid of, but also modern NATO weapons. |
fallacy of extension | NATO actually directly guides the actions of Kiev in the theater of operations. Representatives of Ukrainian military intelligence have publicly acknowledged that the US is directly involved in coordinating every target of the multiple-launch rockets of the US HIMARS. |
faulty generalization | By issuing threats and exerting pressure, US and UK cross every red line there is, issuing threats re politicians’ accounts in US banks or their children studying at US universities. They stop at nothing. A perfect example of what they really think about democracy. |
ad hominem | We are realigning our foreign policy and foreign trade. We no longer want to remain under the illusion that the West will conscientiously participate in the globalisation processes or even mechanisms of its own making. |
intentional | Another regular trilateral (China, Iran and Russia) meeting on a number of topical issues in the Vienna-based international organisations. |
intentional | It is questionable that the US has any relation to this dispute between Poland and Germany. |
ad hominem | For centuries West has said that it brings freedom & democracy to other nations. Nothing could be further from truth. Instead, they suppressed and exploited, enslaved and oppressed. Unipolar world is inherently anti-democratic and unfree, false and hypocritical. |
fallacy of relevance | Over centuries of colonialism, diktat & hegemony, West got used to being allowed everything, spitting on whole world. They treat people living in their own countries with same disdain, like a master. Western elites became a symbol of total, unprincipled lies. |
fallacy of extension | Kiev regime owes its impunity to its Western curators, primarily Germany & France, and the US of course. Instead of pressing Ukraine into complying with Minsk Agreements, they cynically turned a blind eye to Ukraine’s open threats to resolve the “Donbass problem” by force. |
faulty generalization | Ukraine’s Danilov: “We need to say it out loud to the West,we defend not only ourselves, we defend NATO…we fight for them,we die for them.” Yet another high-ranking Ukrainian official admits Ukraine is puppet of collective West that fights, kills & tortures in West’s interests. |
faulty generalization | Situation in and around Ukraine is only an element of a large-scale collision created by a small group of Western states that wanted to maintain their global domination and to turn back the objective process of the rise of a multipolar architecture. |
ad hominem | .@radeksikorski thanked the US for blowing up a gas pipeline. @UrmasReinsalu congratulated ukrainian spec ops on the #CrimeanBridge attack. Murders, diversions, destructions, provocations and frame-ups – this criminal logic has bound @NATO regimes. |
appeal to emotion | We regret that the activities of G20 continue to be destabilized by the collective West & used in an anti-Russian, purely confrontational manner. Our opponents, primarily US, EU & G7, continue their paranoid attempts to isolate Russia & shift the blame. |
appeal to emotion | For us, this is primarily about fighting for our people who live in these territories. You see, we are a multi-ethnic country; this is the Russian world after all. |
fallacy of extension | In the context of the Ukraine-related crisis, it is the Americans and their allies who are trying to introduce nuclear rhetoric into public circulation. |
faulty generalization | Russia's special military operation reveals new evidence of the direct involvement of military specialists from the US and other NATO countries in the armed confrontation on the side of the armed formations of the Kiev regime. |
faulty generalization | What is the reason for apparent inability of UK officials & media to publicly denounce Ukrainian military & its neo-Nazi detachments that have for 8 years subjected civilian residents of Donbass, their families & children to uninterrupted terror & oppression? |
ad hominem | The US & its NATO allies ignore efforts to cultivate neo-Nazism in Ukraine, viewing the revival of the Bandera movement as part of its struggle against Russia. They are doing everything possible to ensure that this ideology becomes the main in Ukraine. |
false dilemma | US and NATO now approached a dangerous point. Their persistent course towards escalation in military confrontation in Ukraine is a direct path to a full-scale military conflict in Europe. |
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This dataset contains 700 annotated Russiang government tweets, labelled with 13 logical fallacy types, as proposed in the novel Logical Fallacy Detection task (Jin et al.). It is split into 595 train samples and 105 test samples.
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