PATENT ABSTRACT
A catadioptric optical system comprising a first imaging optical system including a concave mirror and forming an intermediate image of a first object, said first imaging optical system forming a reciprocating optical system that an incidence light and reflected light pass, a second imaging optical system for forming an image of the intermediate image onto a second object, and a first optical path deflective member, provided between the concave mirror and the intermediate image, for introducing a light from the first imaging optical system to the second imaging optical system, wherein said first optical path deflective member deflects a light in such a direction that a forward path of the first imaging optical system intersects a return path of the first imaging optical system, and wherein said intermediate image is formed without an optical element after a deflection.

PATENT DESCRIPTION
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   The present invention relates generally to a projection optical system, and more particularly to a catadioptric projection optical system that projects an object, such as a single crystal substrate and a glass plate for a liquid crystal display (“LCD”), using a mirror. The present invention is suitable, for example, an immersion exposure apparatus (an immersion lithography exposure system) for exposing the object through a fluid between the projection optical system and the object. 
   The photolithography technology for manufacturing fine semiconductor devices, such as semiconductor memory and logic circuits, has conventionally employed a reduction projection exposure apparatus that uses a projection optical system to project a circuit pattern of a reticle (or mask) onto a wafer, etc. A more highly integrated and finer semiconductor device (circuit pattern) requires a projection optical system for a better specification and performance. Generally, a shorter wavelength of the exposure light and a higher numerical aperture (“NA”) are effective to improve the resolution. Recently, an optical system with an NA of 1 or higher that utilizes an immersion optical system that fills a space with fluid between a final glass surface (in other words, the lens closet to the wafer) of the projection optical system and the wafer has been proposed, and a higher NA scheme is in progress. 
   For the exposure light with a short wavelength such as an ArF excimer laser (with a wavelength of approximately 193 nm) and a F 2  laser (with a wavelength of approximately 157 nm) for higher resolution, lens materials are limited to quartz and calcium fluoride for reduced transmittance. An optical system that includes only lenses (refracting element) absorbs the large amount of light, and reduces an exposure dose on the wafer, causing a decrease in through put. Moreover, lens&#39;s heat absorption and resultant temperature rise disadvantageously fluctuate a focal position, (heat) aberrations, etc. Quartz and calcium fluoride possess similar dispersive powers, and have difficulties in correcting the chromatic aberration. Especially, the lens material can use only calcium fluoride for the exposure wavelength of 157 nm, and correcting the chromatic aberration becomes more difficult. In addition, a lens diameter increases as the NA becomes higher, and causes the increased apparatus cost. 
   Various proposals that use a mirror (reflecting element) for an optical system have been made to solve the disadvantageous reduced transmittance, difficult corrections to the chromatic aberration and large aperture of the lens. For example, a catadioptric projection optical system that combines a mirror with a lens has been disclosed. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,650,877 (reference 1), Japanese Patent Applications, Publication Nos. 62-210415 (reference 2), 62-258414 (reference 3), 5-188298 (reference 4), 6-230287 (reference 5), 2-66510 (reference 6), 3-282527 (reference 7), 8-304705 (reference 8), 2000-47114 (reference 9), and 2003-43362 (reference 10). 
   A projection optical system that includes a reflective optical system for a shorter exposure wavelength and a higher NA needs to correct the chromatic aberration, to maintain a large enough imaging area on an image surface, and to secure a sufficient working distance on the image side with a simple structure. The large enough imaging area on the image surface is advantageous to a scanning exposure apparatus to maintain the throughput, and reduce exposure fluctuations. The sufficient image-side working distance is desirable for an apparatus&#39;s auto-focusing system, a wafer-stage&#39;s transport system, and the like. The simple structure would simplify a barrel and the like, and facilitate the assembly production. 
   The optical system disclosed in the reference 1 arranges a Mangin mirror and a refractor in an optical system, and exposes a reticle image onto a wafer. Disadvantageously, this optical system blocks light on a pupil&#39;s central part for all the angles of view to be used (hollow illumination), and cannot enlarge an exposure area. An attempt to enlarge the exposure area results in the undesirable expansion of the light blockage on the pupil&#39;s central part. In addition, since a refractive surface of the Mangin mirror forms the light splitting surface that halves the light intensity when ever the light passes through its surface, and reduces the light intensity down to about 10% on the image surface (wafer surface). 
   The references 2 and 3 apply Cassegrain and Schwarzschild mirror systems, and each propose an optical system that has an opening at the center of the mirror to create a hollow illumination to the pupil and to image only the pupil&#39;s periphery. However, the hollow illumination on the pupil deteriorates the imaging performance. An attempt to lessen the hollow illumination to the pupil inevitably increases the power of the mirror and enlarges an angle incident upon the mirror. A high NA causes a mirror&#39;s diameter to grow remarkably. 
   According to the optical system disclosed in the references 4 and 5, the deflected optical path complicates an apparatus&#39;s configuration. A high NA is structurally difficult because the concave mirror is responsible for most powers in the optical units for imaging an intermediate image onto a final image. Since a lens system located between the concave mirror and the image surface is a reduction system and the magnification has a positive sign, the image-side working distance cannot be sufficiently secured. Since an optical path needs to be split, it is structurally difficult to secure an imaging area width. The large optical system is not suitable for foot-printing. 
   The references 6 and 7 first split an optical path using by the beam-splitter, and complicate the structure of a lens barrel. They need the beam-splitter with a large diameter and if the beam-splitter is a prism type, a loss of the light intensity is large due to its thickness. A higher NA needs a larger diameter and increases a loss of the light intensity. Use of a flat-plate beam splitter is also problematic, because it causes astigmatism and coma even with axial light. In addition to asymmetrical aberrations due to heat absorptions and aberrations due to characteristic changes on the beam splitting surface, accurate productions of the beam splitter is difficult. 
   The optical system disclosed in the references 8 to 10 propose a twice-imaging catadioptric optical system for forming an intermediate image once. It includes a first imaging optical system that has a reciprocating optical system (double-pass optical system) which includes concave mirrors to form an intermediate image of a first object (e.g., a reticle), and a second imaging optical system that forms the intermediate image onto a surface of a second object (e.g., a wafer). The optical system of the reference 8 arranges a first plane mirror near the intermediate image for deflecting an optical axis and light near the intermediate image. The deflected optical axis is made approximately parallel to a reticle stage and is deflected once again by a second plane mirror, or an image is formed onto a second object without a second plane mirror. In the optical system of the reference 9, a positive lens refracts light from a first object (e.g., a reticle), and a first plane mirror deflects the optical axis. A second plane mirror in a first imaging optical system again deflects the light reflected by a reciprocating optical system that includes a concave mirror to form an intermediate image. The intermediate image is projected onto a second object (e.g., a wafer) with a second imaging optical system. However, a magnification of the first imaging optical system serves as a reduction system more (corresponding to a paraxial magnification |β 1 | of about 0.625 of the first imaging optical system). Therefore, the first intermediate image enlarges the NA of the first intermediate image for an object-side NA in the first object by the reduction magnification. As a result, an incident angle range upon the plane mirror increases, and a higher NA scheme as in the immersion etc. encounters a serious problem. In other words, the first imaging optical system that controls a reduction magnification, a higher NA excessively increases the incident angle range upon the plane mirror, and a reflection film on the plane mirror causes a large difference in reflected light&#39;s intensity between the p-polarized light and s-polarized light. As a result, a critical dimension (“CD”) difference undesirably increases in an effective image plane. In the optical system of the reference 10, a first plane mirror deflects light from a first object (e.g., a reticle), a second plane mirror deflects the light reflected by a reciprocating optical system that includes a concave mirror, and a positive lens forms an intermediate image. The intermediate image is projected onto a second object (e.g., a wafer) with a second imaging optical system. Thus, a distance from the second plane mirror to the intermediate image becomes long by forming the intermediate image via the positive lens, and a light diameter on the second plane mirror becomes large. Therefore, an influence to a quality of the image projected onto the image surface by a few flaws exited on the reflection surface can be disregarded. Moreover, an asymmetry contribution to an imaging error such as coma generated by heating to the lens is compensated by arranging the positive lens in before and after the middle image and symmetry. However, it is difficult to control reflection film properties because the incident angle upon the plane mirror is large. In other words, the light intensity difference between the p-polarized light and s-polarized light increases by the influence of the reflection film on the plane mirror, and the CD difference in the effective image plane will be increased. 
   On the other hand, the optical system shown in  FIG. 4  of the reference 10 reflects light from a first object (e.g., a reticle) by a reciprocating optical system that includes a concave mirror, deflects light on a return path optical path of the light returned from the concave mirror of the reciprocating optical system in a direction that intersects with light on a forward path optical path of the light traveled to the concave mirror by a first plane mirror, and forms an intermediate image via a lens. The optical system deflects light from the intermediate image by a second plane mirror, and projects onto a second object (e.g., a wafer). However, the optical system only changes an arrangement of the plane mirror, without changing numerical example for the structure of the first embodiment of the reference 10, and the reference 10 does not advert about the influence to the reflection film by the incident angle upon the plane mirror. Moreover, all embodiments have a structure that arranges the positive lens between the first plane mirror and the intermediate image. Therefore, an incident angle range upon the second plane mirror increases by higher NA of the intermediate image, and a design of the reflection film on the mirror and control of forming film are difficult. An arrangement of the optical system becomes difficult by a physical interference between a marginal ray on the forward path of the reciprocating optical system and the lens according a higher NA. In addition, a distance from the first plane mirror to the intermediate image need to long, the light diameter on the first plane mirror becomes large, and light on the forward path is limited. Therefore, it is difficult to secure an enough effective imaging area. A higher first object point to secure the effective imaging area becomes a wide angle, and correcting the aberration becomes difficult. Moreover the chromatic coma aberration by the lens between the first plane mirror and the intermediate image becomes in the same direction as the chromatic coma aberration generated in the second imaging optical system. Therefore, the chromatic coma aberration increases, and it is difficult to obtain a desired imaging performance according a higher NA. 
   BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   Accordingly, the present invention is directed to a catadioptric optical system, an exposure apparatus having the same, and device fabrication method, that can simplify a mechanical structure, minimize an influence of a reflection film on a plane mirror, reduce a physical interference between light and a lens according a higher NA and a chromatic coma aberration generated by a lens between a plane mirror and an intermediate image, and achieve a superior image performance. 
   A catadioptric optical system according to one aspect of the present invention includes a first imaging optical system including a concave mirror and forming an intermediate image of a first object, said first imaging optical system forming a reciprocating optical system that an incidence light and reflected light pass, a second imaging optical system for forming an image of the intermediate image onto a second object, and a first optical path deflective member, provided between the concave mirror and the intermediate image, for introducing a light from the first imaging optical system to the second imaging optical system, wherein said first optical path deflective member deflects a light in such a direction that a forward path of the first imaging optical system intersects a return path of the first imaging optical system, wherein said intermediate image is formed without an optical element after a deflection, and wherein the image of the first object is projected onto the second object through an intermediate image formation. 
   Other objects and further features of the present invention will become readily apparent from the following description of the preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       FIG. 1  is a schematic sectional view of a catadioptric projection optical system of one aspect according to the present invention. 
       FIG. 2  is an optical-path diagram showing a configuration of the catadioptric projection optical system according to the present invention. 
       FIG. 3  is an aberrational diagram of the catadioptric projection optical system shown in  FIG. 2 . 
       FIG. 4  is an optical-path diagram showing a configuration of the catadioptric projection optical system according to the present invention. 
       FIG. 5  is an aberrational diagram of the catadioptric projection optical system shown in  FIG. 4 . 
       FIG. 6  is an optical-path diagram showing a configuration of the catadioptric projection optical system according to the present invention. 
       FIG. 7  is an aberrational diagram of the catadioptric projection optical system shown in  FIG. 6 . 
       FIG. 8  is an optical-path diagram showing a configuration of the catadioptric projection optical system according to the present invention. 
       FIG. 9  is an aberrational diagram of the catadioptric projection optical system shown in  FIG. 8 . 
       FIG. 10  is an optical-path diagram showing a configuration of the catadioptric projection optical system according to the present invention. 
       FIG. 11  is an aberrational diagram of the catadioptric projection optical system shown in  FIG. 10 . 
       FIG. 12  is a schematic sectional view of an exposure apparatus of one aspect according to the present invention. 
       FIG. 13  is a flowchart for explaining how to fabricate devices. 
       FIG. 14  is a detailed flowchart of a wafer process in Step  4  of  FIG. 13 . 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
   A description will now be given of a catadioptric projection optical system of one aspect according to the present invention, with reference to the accompanying drawings. In each figure, the same reference numeral denotes the same element. Therefore, a duplicate description will be omitted. Here,  FIG. 1  is a schematic sectional view of a catadioptric projection optical system  100  of the present invention. 
   Referring to  FIG. 1 ,  101  denotes a first object (e.g., a reticle) and  102  denotes a second object (e.g., a wafer). AX 1  to AX 3  are optical axes of optical systems. An effective area from the first object  101  to an imaging is a off-axial ring field area without on-axial. The catadioptical projection optical system  100  is an optical system that does not block light on a pupil&#39;s central part (hollow illumination) as shown in  FIG. 1 . 
   The catadioptical projection optical system  100  include, in order of light traveling from the first object  101  side, a first imaging optical system Gr 1  and a second imaging optical system Gr 2 . 
   The first imaging optical system Gr 1  includes a lens unit L 1 A, a concave mirror M 1  arranged near a pupil position, and a reciprocating optical system (part) L 1 B, and forms a real image of the first object  101  (a first intermediate image IMG 1 ). A first deflective reflector FM 1  is inclined to the optical axis AX 1  at 45°, deflects light from the first imaging optical system Gr 1  and introduces to the second imaging optical system Gr 2 . A second deflective reflector FM 2  is inclined to the optical axis AX 2  at 45 and deflects light from the intermediate image IMG. Thereby, it is possible to arrange the first object  101  and the second object  102  in parallel. In  FIG. 1 , the catadioptric projection optical system  100  is constructed so that the optical axis AX 1  and the optical axis AX 2  become parallel. Moreover, the optical axis AX 2  and the optical axis AX 1 , and the optical axis AX 2  and the optical axis AX 3  are arranged orthogonally. 
   The second imaging optical system Gr 2  includes a lens unit L 2 A and a lens unit L 2 B. The second imaging optical system Gr 2  has a pupil in the lens unit L 2 B and forms an image of the intermediate image IMG onto the second object  102  at a predetermined magnification. 
   The first imaging optical system&#39;s concave mirror M 1  and lens correct chromatic aberrations and a positive Petzval sum generated by the second imaging optical system Gr 2 . 
   In the catadioptric projection optical system  100  of the present invention, the first deflective reflector FM 1  deflects, as shown in  FIG. 1 , light on a return path of the first imaging optical system Gr 1  that is a reciprocating optical system. Concretely, the first deflective reflector FM 1  deflects light on the return path of the first imaging optical system Gr 1  in a direction that intersects with light on a forward path. Therefore, an incident angle of principal ray that incident upon the first deflective reflector FM 1  can be controlled at 45° or smaller. Moreover, an incident angle of principal ray that incident upon the second deflective reflector FM 2  can be controlled similarly by arranging the lens unit (field lens) L 2 A that has a positive power between the first deflective reflector FM 1  and the second deflective reflector FM 2 . Therefore, a reflected light&#39;s intensity difference between p-polarized light and s-polarized light generated by an influence to a reflection film on a plane mirror can be controlled to small. 
   The catadioptric projection optical system  100  reflects light by the first deflective reflector FM 1  and forms an intermediate image IMG without through the lens. Therefore, the catadioptric projection optical system  100  can avoid interference between a marginal ray of the first imaging optical system Gr 1  and the lens unit L 2 A, and a structure of an optical system becomes easy for a higher NA. 
   The catadioptric projection optical system  100  does not arrange the lens between the first deflective reflector FM 1  and the second deflective reflector FM 2 , but arranges the lens between the intermediate image IMG and the second deflective reflector FM 2 . Therefore, the catadioptric projection optical system  100  can obtain effects that compensate a coma generated in the lens near the second object  102  that becomes a problem to a higher NA. 
   In the catadioptric projection optical system  100 , preferably, the following conditional expression, where β 1  is a paraxial imaging magnification of the first imaging optical system Gr 1 , and NAO is a numerical aperture of the light at the first object  101  side.
 
|β1 /NAO|&gt; 3.8  (1)
 
   The conditional expression (1) defines a ratio between the paraxial imaging magnification of the first imaging optical system Gr 1  and the numerical aperture NAO at the first object  101  side. If a value is lower than the lower limit in the conditional expression (1), the imaging magnification β 1  of the first imaging optical system Gr 1  becomes an excessively small reduction magnification and a principal ray angle and an incident angle range of the light entering the first deflective reflector FM 1  become excessively large. The excessively large incident angle range undesirably complicates control over reflection film properties of a plane mirror. A transmittance distribution on a pupil changes and the imaging performance deteriorates. 
   In the ratio between the paraxial imaging magnification of the first imaging optical system Gr 1  and the numerical aperture of the light NAO at the first object  101  side, more preferably, the following conditional expression is met.
 
6.2&gt;|β1/ NAO|&gt; 5.0  (2)
 
   If a value is exceeds the upper limit in the conditional expression (2), the imaging magnification β 1  of the first imaging optical system Gr 1  becomes an excessively large reduction magnification, a light diameter on the first deflective reflector FM 1  becomes excessively large, and light on the forward path is limited. Therefore, it is difficult to secure an enough effective imaging area. 
   On the other hand, if a value is satisfied the lower limit of the conditional expression (2), the principal ray angle and the incident angle range of the light entering the first deflective reflector FM 1  can controlled to small. Therefore, it is easy to control reflection film properties of the plane mirror. 
   In the catadioptric projection optical system  100 , preferably, the following conditional expression, where β 1  is a paraxial imaging magnification of the first imaging optical system Gr 1 , βf is a paraxial imaging magnification of the lens unit L 2 A arranged between the intermediate image IMG and the second deflective reflector FM 2 , and NAO is a numerical aperture of the light at the first object  101  side.
 
6.80&lt;|β1·β f/NAO|&lt; 10.60  (3)
 
   If a value is lower than the lower limit in the conditional expression (3), a imaging magnification from the first imaging optical system Gr 1  to the lens unit L 2 A becomes an excessively small reduction magnification and a principal ray angle and an incident angle range of the light entering the second deflective reflector FM 2  become excessively large. The excessively large incident angle range undesirably complicates control over reflection film properties of a plane mirror. A transmittance distribution on a pupil changes and the imaging performance deteriorates. 
   If a value exceeds the upper limit in the conditional expression (3), the imaging magnification from the first imaging optical system Gr 1  to the lens unit L 2 A becomes an excessively large reduction magnification, and it is necessary to become the imaging magnification of second imaging optical system Gr 2  to excessively small. Therefore, it is necessary to become the power to large because the pupil moves the first object  101  side, and the Petzval sum deteriorates. 
   Moreover, in the catadioptric projection optical system  100 , preferably, the following conditional expression, where a is a distance parallel to the optical axis AX 2  between the intermediate image IMG and a first surface of an optical element closest to the intermediate image IMG among the lens unit L 2 A, and b is a distance along the optical axis AX 2  and the optical axis AX 3  for the light from the intermediate image IMG to the second object  102  surface via the second imaging optical system Gr 2 .
 
0.0005 &lt;a/b &lt;0.105  (4)
 
   If a value is lower than the lower limit of the conditional expression (4), the first imaging optical system Gr 1  and the lens unit L 2 A close, it is difficult to secure a space, and results in complicating a mechanical structure. The correcting effect of the chromatic coma aberration decreases. 
   On the other hand, if a value exceeds the upper limit of the conditional expression (4), an effective diameter of lens of the lens unit L 2 A becomes excessively large. The excessively large effective diameter of lens undesirably complicates manufacture of high quality lens materials, and the apparatus becomes big. 
   In addition, in the catadioptric projection optical system  100 , preferably, the following conditional expression, where c is a distance along the optical axis AX 1 , the optical axis AX 2  and the optical axis AX 3  for the light from the first surface  101  to the second object  102  surface via the optical elements.
 
0.47 &lt;b/c&lt; 0.58  (5)
 
   If a value is lower than the lower limit of the conditional expression (5), a space between the first imaging optical system Gr 1  and the second imaging optical system Gr 2  becomes narrow, and results in complicating a mechanical structure. On the other hand, if a value exceeds the upper limit of the conditional expression (5), an effective diameter of lens of the second imaging optical system Gr 2  becomes excessively large. The excessively large effective diameter of lens undesirably complicates manufacture of high quality lens materials, and the apparatus becomes big. 
   A sign of an angle of a pupil paraxial ray may be inverted at before or after the lens unit L 2 A arranged between the intermediate image IMG and the second deflective reflector FM 2 . If the sign is not inverted, the incident angle of the principal ray entering the second deflective reflector FM 2  becomes excessively large. The excessively large incident angle undesirably complicates control over reflection film properties of the plane mirror. 
   An angle between a principal ray of light incident upon the first deflective reflector FM 1  and a reflection surface of the first deflective reflector FM 1  may be 43° or smaller. Because a convergent light incident upon the first deflective reflector FM 1 , the marginal ray is incident upon the first deflective reflector FM 1  by a larger angle than the principal ray. The incident angle may be small from viewpoint of the reflection film on the plane mirror. Therefore, the incident angle of off-axis principal ray becomes 43° or smaller to the first deflective reflector FM 1  inclined to the optical axis AX 1  at 45°. 
   The incident angle range may be small to control reflection film properties formed on the plane mirror. Therefore, the incident angle range of ray entering the first deflective reflector FM 1  is preferably 35° or smaller, more preferably 30° or smaller. 
   In the catadioptric projection optical system  100 , all positive power optical elements arranged between the first deflective reflector FM 1  and the second deflective reflector FM 2  have an expansion magnification. In other words, the positive power optical element only arranges between the intermediate image IMG as the real image and the second deflective reflector FM 2 . Thereby, the correcting effect of the chromatic coma aberration can be obtained, and the incident angle and the incident angle range of light entering the second deflective reflector FM 2  decrease. Therefore, it is easy to control reflection film properties of the plane mirror. 
   In the catadioptric projection optical system  100 , preferably, the following conditional expression is met, where β 1  is the paraxial imaging magnification of the first imaging optical system Gr 1 .
 
|β1&gt;1.0  (6)
 
   If a value is lower than the lower limit of the conditional expression (6), the imaging magnification β 1  of the first imaging optical system Gr 1  becomes an excessively small reduction magnification and the incident angle range of the light entering the first deflective reflector FM 1  become excessively large. The excessively large incident angle range undesirably complicates control over reflection film properties of a plane mirror. 
   In the paraxial imaging magnification β 1  of the first imaging optical system Gr 1 , more preferably, the following conditional expression is met.
 
1.25&gt;β1  (7)
 
   If the conditional expression (7) is not met, a light diameter on the first deflective reflector FM 1  becomes excessively large, and light on the forward path is limited. Therefore, it is difficult to secure an enough effective imaging area. 
   In  FIG. 1 , it is not necessary for the optical axis AX 1  and the optical axis AX 2  to be arranged orthogonally. For example, if the first object  101  and the second object  102  are arranged in parallel, unless an interference of the lens and reflection member etc. occurs, the optical axis AX 1  and the optical axis AX 2  may have an arbitrary angle. 
   An angle between the optical axis AX 1  and the reflection surface of the first deflective reflector FM 1  is preferably 45° or smaller. If the angle is not 45° or smaller, the incident angle of ray entering the first deflective reflector FM 1  becomes large, and it is difficult to control reflection film properties of the plane mirror. Moreover, it is difficult to secure a space near the first object  101 , and results in complicating a mechanical structure. 
   A shortest distance parallel to the optical axis AX 2  between an optical element of the first imaging optical system Gr 1  or marginal ray and a first surface of a lens closest to the first imaging optical system Gr 1  among the lens unit L 2 A is preferably 30 mm or more. If the shortest distance is not 30 mm or more, a physical interference with light and lens occurs, and results in complicating a mechanical structure. 
   The upper limit of the shortest distance parallel to the optical axis AX 2  between the optical element of the first imaging optical system Gr 1  or marginal ray and the first surface of the lens closest the first imaging optical system Gr 1  among the lens unit L 2 A is more preferably 160 mm or less. If the shortest distance exceeds 160 mm, the intermediate image IMG and the lens unit L 2 A excessively separates from each other, and the effective diameter of the lens unit L 2 A becomes excessively large. The excessively large effective diameter of lens undesirably complicates manufacture of high quality lens materials, and the apparatus becomes big. 
   If the intermediate image IMG and the lens unit L 2 A closes from each other, it is necessary to separate the first deflective reflector FM 1  and the intermediate image IMG from each other. Therefore, the light diameter on the first deflective reflector FM 1  becomes excessively large, and light on the forward path is limited. Thereby, it is difficult to secure an enough effective imaging area. A higher object point of the first object  101  to secure the effective imaging area is not desirable because correcting the aberration becomes difficult. 
   The catadioptric projection optical system  100  includes, in the present embodiment, deflective reflectors (the first deflective reflector FM 1  and the second deflective reflector FM 2 ). Concretely, the catadioptric projection optical system  100  has one deflective reflector respectively in the optical path of the first imaging optical system Gr 1  and the optical path of the second imaging optical system Gr 2 . Here, when the first object  101  and the second object  102  are arranged in abbreviation parallel, the first deflective reflector FM 1  and the second deflective reflector FM 2  are arranged to form a relative angle difference of 90° between their reflective surfaces. When the first object  101  and the second object  102  do not need to be arranged in abbreviation parallel, the second deflective reflector FM 2  does not need to arrange. 
   For the catadioptric projection optical system  100  of the present invention, the first imaging optical system Gr 1  includes the reciprocating optical system (part) L 1 B. However, the reciprocating optical system L 1 B has a negative refractive power and includes at least one lens having a negative refractive power. At least one of those lenses having a negative refractive power preferably have its concave surface oriented toward the first object  101 . This reciprocating optical system L 1 B preferably has at least one lens having an aspheric surface. If the reciprocating optical system L 1 B does not have the lens having the aspheric surface, a plurality of lenses are used for the reciprocating optical system L 1 B to share the power. Of course, even when the lens having the aspheric surface is used, constructing the reciprocating optical system L 1 B with a plurality of lenses can better control introduction of aberrations at the reciprocating optical system part. The concave mirror M 1  may have an aspheric surface. 
   The first deflective reflector FM 1  and the second deflective reflector FM 2  include deflective mirrors. The shape of the deflective mirror may be a shape of a flat plate or other shape (for example, part of a cubic shape). The first deflective reflector FM 1  and the second deflective reflector FM 2  may also be a mirror that utilizes backside reflection of glass. The light splitter may also be used for the first deflective reflector FM 1  and the second deflective reflector FM 2 , in which case, an off-axial beam can be used from the on-axis. 
   An aperture stop (not shown) is preferably arranged in the second imaging optical system Gr 2 . The aperture stop may also be arranged in combination or singly around where a principal ray of the first imaging optical system Gr 1  intersects the optical axis AX 1 . 
   In  FIG. 1 , the optical axis AX 1  and the optical axis AX 2 , and the optical axis AX 2  and the optical axis AX 3  are arranged orthogonal to each other, but they need not necessarily be orthogonal. As mentioned above, the first deflective reflector FM 1  and the second deflective reflector FM 2  preferably are arranged such that their mutual reflection surfaces have an angular difference of 90°. This is because if the first deflective reflector FM 1  and the second deflective reflector FM 2  are arranged such that they have a relative angular difference of 90′, the first object  101  and the second object  102  can be arranged in parallel. However, if there is no need to arrange the first object  101  and the second object  102  in parallel, the first deflective reflector FM 1  and the second deflective reflector FM 2  need not have relative angular difference of 90°, and thus, may have the arbitrary angle. 
   In the catadioptric projection optical system  100 , preferably, at least the image-surface side is made telecentric to reduce fluctuations of the magnification when a surface of the second object  102  varies in the optical-axis direction. 
   Preferably, the catadioptric projection optical system  100  provides the first imaging optical system Gr 1  with the concave mirror M 1  and a refractor, the second imaging optical system Gr 2  with a refractor. The catadioptric system when used for the final imaging optical system causes interfere between a concave mirror and the light, and complicates a configuration of an optical system with a high NA. If a catadioptric system is not adopted as a subsystem in the total optical system, chromatic aberrations are hard to be corrected. Moreover, if a reflective system is used for the first imaging optical system Gr 1 , chromatic aberrations are hard to be corrected. 
   The catadioptric projection optical system  100  may include an aberration correction mechanism that corrects aberrations. The aberration correction mechanism is possible to include a mechanism in the first imaging optical system Gr 1  that moves a lens in an optical axis direction and/or in a direction vertical to an optical axis, or in other directions (to decenter a lens). A similar aberration correction mechanism may be included in the second imaging optical system Gr 2 . In addition, a mechanism for deforming the concave mirror M 1  may be included to correct aberrations. 
   The catadioptric projection optical system  100  is suitable an immersion structure that fills a fluid between the second object  102  surface and the final lens surface of the optical system. However, the space between the second object  102  surface and the final lens surface may be air. 
   A field stop may be provided near the intermediate image IMG. When a diffraction optical element is used for the optical system, and the second object  102  surface and its neighborhood use the above immersion structure, a view-field limiting stop provided to a final glass surface on the optical system and a neighboring field stop (e.g., between the final glass surface and the surface of the second object  102 ) will prevent flare light etc., which are and are not generated from the diffraction optical element, from arriving at the second object  102  surface. The second object  102  surface may have an immersion structure without employing a diffraction optical element in the optical system. 
   In building an immersion optical system, whether or not a diffraction optical element is present, an axial interval between the final surface of the optical system and the surface of the second object  102  is preferably 5 mm or less, more preferably 2 mm or less, to minimize influences by fluid properties etc. on the imaging performance of the optical system. 
   Although the catadioptric projection optical system  100  has, in the instant embodiment, a magnification of ¼, it is not limited to this and may be  1 / 5  or  1 / 6 . 
   The catadioptric projection optical system  100  uses an off-axial image point of the first object, in a certain range off the optical axis. At that time, a rectangular or arc slit area on the first object surface, not inclusive of the optical axis, becomes an exposure area. 
   The catadioptric projection optical system  100  deflects light on the return path of the reciprocating optical system in a direction that intersects light on the forward path by the first deflective reflector FM 1 . Therefore, the deterioration of the reflection film properties resulting from the incident angle range upon the deflective reflector that becomes the problem according a shorter wavelength and a higher NA can be prevented. The catadioptric projection optical system  100  reflects light by the first deflective reflector FM 1  and forms the intermediate image IMG without through the lens. Therefore, the incident angle range upon the second deflective reflector FM 2  decreases, and it is easy to control the reflection film properties. Moreover, the catadioptric projection optical system  100  avoids interference between light near the intermediate image and the lens, control the chromatic coma aberration, and can be obtain the predetermined imaging performance. However, the catadioptric projection optical system  100  is not limited to the structure shown in  FIG. 1 . 
   The catadioptric projection optical system  100  of the present invention is especially effective with a high NA of 0.8 or higher, particularly, 0.85 or higher. The catadioptric projection optical system  100  of the present invention is suitable for the exposure apparatus that uses a light with shorten wavelength, preferably a light with a wavelength of 200 nm or less, as exposure light, and is especially effective for the wavelength such as ArF excimer laser and F 2  laser that requires for to the immersion. 
   Hereafter, a description will be given of a configuration of the catadioptric projection optical system  100 . 
   First Embodiment 
     FIG. 2  is an optical-path diagram showing a configuration of the catadioptric projection optical system  100  of the first embodiment. Referring to  FIG. 2 , the catadioptric projection optical system  100  includes, in order from the first object  101  side, a first imaging optical system Gr 1  and a second imaging optical system Gr 2 . 
   The first imaging optical system Gr 1  includes, in order from the first object  101  side, a lens unit L 1 A having a positive refractive power, a reciprocating optical system (part) L 1 B having a negative refractive power, and a concave mirror M 1 . 
   The lens unit L 1 A includes, along the light traveling direction from the side of the first object  101 , an aspheric positive lens L 111  and a positive lens L 112 . The aspheric positive lens L 111  has an approximately planoconvex form that has a convex surface oriented toward the first object  101  side. The positive lens L 112  has a meniscus form that has a convex surface oriented toward a side opposite to the first object  101  side. 
   The reciprocating optical system L 1 B includes an aspheric negative lens L 113 , a positive lens L 114 , an aspheric negative lens L 115 , a negative lens L 116 , and a concave mirror M 1 . The aspheric negative lens L 113  has an approximately planoconcave form that has a concave surface oriented toward a side opposite to the first object  101  side. The positive lens L 114  has an approximately planoconvex form that has a convex surface oriented toward the first object  101  side. The aspheric negative lens L 115  has a meniscus form that has a concave mirror oriented toward the first object  101  side. The negative lens L 116  has a meniscus form that has a concave surface oriented toward the first object  101  side. The concave mirror M 1  has a concave form that has a concave surface oriented toward the first object  101  side. 
   The light from the first object  101  passes through the lens unit L 1 A, enters the reciprocating optical system L 1 B, is reflected at the concave mirror M 1 , and reenters the reciprocating optical system L 1 B. Then, a deflective reflector FM 1  deflects the optical axis AX 1  to the optical axis AX 2  by 90°. The light is also reflected, and an intermediate image IMG is formed. 
   The first deflective reflector FM 1  is arranged between the first imaging optical system Gr 1  and the second imaging optical system Gr 2 . Preferably, as in the instant embodiment, the first deflective reflector FM 1  is arranged between the intermediate image IMG and the reciprocating optical system L 1 B. In the instant embodiment, the first deflective reflector FM 1  uses a flat mirror. 
   The second imaging optical system Gr 2  includes a lens unit L 2 A having a positive refractive power and a lens unit L 2 B having a positive refractive power. 
   The lens unit L 2 A includes, along the light traveling direction from the side of the first imaging optical system Gr 1 , a biconvex aspheric positive lens L 211  and a meniscus aspheric positive lens L 212  with its convex surface oriented toward a side opposite to the intermediate image IMG side. 
   The lens unit L 2 B includes a positive lens L 213 , a negative lens L 214 , an aspheric positive lens L 215 , an aspheric positive lens L 216 , a negative lens L 217 , an aspheric positive lens L 218 , an aspheric positive lens L 219 , an aperture stop  103 , a positive lens L 220 , a positive lens L 221 , an aspheric positive lens L 222 , a positive lens L 223 , an aspheric positive lens L 224 , and an aspheric positive lens L 225 . The positive lens L 213  has a meniscus form that has a convex surface oriented toward the second object  102  side. The negative lens L 214  has a biconcave form. The aspheric positive lens L 215  has an approximately planoconvex form that has a convex surface oriented toward a side opposite to the second object  102  side. The aspheric positive lens L 216  has an approximately planoconvex form that has a convex surface oriented toward a side opposite to the second object  102  side. The negative lens L 217  has an approximately planoconcave form that has a concave surface oriented toward a side opposite to the second object  102  side. The aspheric positive lens L 218  has a meniscus form that has a convex surface oriented toward a side opposite to the second object  102  side. The aspheric positive lens L 219  has a biconvex form. The positive lens L 220  has a meniscus form that has a convex surface oriented toward the second object  102  side. The positive lens L 221  has an approximately planoconvex form that has a convex surface oriented toward a side opposite to the second object  102  side. The aspheric positive lens L 222  has an approximately planoconvex form that has a convex surface oriented toward a side opposite to the second object  102  side. The positive lens L 223  has an approximately planoconvex form that has a convex surface oriented toward a side opposite to the second object  102  side. The aspheric positive lens L 224  has an approximately planoconvex form that has a convex surface oriented toward a side opposite to the second object  102  side. The aspheric positive lens L 225  has a planoconvex form that has a plane surface oriented toward the second object  102  side. 
   The second deflective reflector FM 2  is arranged between the lens unit L 2 A and the lens unit L 2 B of the second imaging optical system Gr 2 . The present embodiment makes the second deflective reflector FM 2  of a plane mirror for deflecting the light reflected from the first deflective reflector FM 1  in a predetermined direction. 
   The second imaging optical system Gr 2  of the instant embodiment includes, but is not limited to, the lens unit L 2 A having positive refractive power and the lens unit L 2 B having positive refractive power. For example, the lens unit L 2 B can have a lens unit with a negative refractive power or another structure. 
   The aperture stop  103  is arranged between the aspheric positive lens L 219  and the positive lens L 220 . 
   The catadioptric projection optical system  100  of the first embodiment uses a projection magnification of ¼, a reference wavelength of 157 nm, and calcium fluoride as a glass material. An image-side numerical aperture is NA=0.80. An object-image distance (the first object  101  surface to the second object  102  surface) is L=997.84 mm. An aberration-corrected object point in a range of about 7.50 to 20.25 mm secures a rectangular exposure area of at least 26 mm long and 8 mm wide. 
     FIG. 3  shows a lateral aberration diagram of the catadioptric projection optical system  100  of the first embodiment.  FIG. 3  shows a wavelength with a reference wavelength of 157.6 nm±0.6 pm. Understandably, monochrome and chromatic aberrations are satisfactorily corrected.  FIG. 3A  shows a lateral aberration diagram for light from an off-axis area that has an image point of 7.5 mm in the second object  102 . On the other hand,  FIG. 3B  shows a lateral aberration diagram for light from an off-axis area that has an image point of 20.25 mm in the second object  102 . While the instant embodiment uses only calcium fluoride as a glass material, other glass materials such as barium calcium fluoride, magnesium calcium fluoride, and the like may be used in combination or singularly. 
   The following Table 1 shows the specification of the numerical example of the catadioptric projection optical system  100  of the first embodiment. “i” in the table is a surface number along a direction of light traveling from the first object  101 . “ri” is a radius of curvature for each surface corresponding to a surface number. “di” is a surface spacing of each surface. A shape of an aspheric surface is given by the following equation:
 
 X =( H   2 /4)/(1+((1−(1 +k )·( H/ri ) 2 ))½)+ AH   4   +BH   6   +CH   8   +DH   10   +EH   12   +FH   14   +GH   16 
 
where X is a displacement in a direction of an optical axis from the lens top, H is a distance from the optical axis, ri is a radius of curvature, k is a conical constant; and A, B, C, D, E, F, and G are aspheric coefficients. A lens glass material CaF 2  has a refractive index to a reference wavelength λ=157.000 nm is 1.56. The refractive indexes of the wavelengths of +0.6 pm and −0.6 pm for the reference wavelengths are, 1.55999847 and 1.560000153, respectively.
 
   
     
       
             
           
             
             
             
             
             
           
             
             
             
             
             
           
         
             
               TABLE 1 
             
           
           
             
                 
             
             
               DISTANCE FROM FIRST OBJECT~FIRST 
             
             
               SURFACE: 41.15312 mm 
             
           
        
         
             
                 
                 
                 
               LENS 
                 
             
             
               i 
               ri 
               di 
               MATERIAL 
                 
             
             
                 
             
           
        
         
             
               1 
               395.97465 
               20.22118 
               caf2 
                 
             
             
               2 
               −2898.20269 
               44.71464 
             
             
               3 
               −251.61654 
               42.00000 
               caf2 
             
             
               4 
               −231.04782 
               286.07966 
             
             
               5 
               −1822.70249 
               28.34838 
               caf2 
             
             
               6 
               256.11745 
               10.06127 
             
             
               7 
               254.50945 
               35.66908 
               caf2 
             
             
               8 
               −2557.13314 
               103.60600 
             
             
               9 
               −180.38280 
               20.31823 
               caf2 
             
             
               10 
               −468.06841 
               10.69468 
             
             
               11 
               −339.05921 
               21.00642 
               caf2 
             
             
               12 
               −1135.87333 
               33.83254 
             
             
               13 
               −278.56064 
               −33.83254 
                 
               M1 
             
             
               14 
               −1135.87333 
               −21.00642 
               caf2 
             
             
               15 
               −339.05921 
               −10.69468 
             
             
               16 
               −468.06841 
               −20.31823 
               caf2 
             
             
               17 
               −180.38280 
               −103.60600 
             
             
               18 
               −2557.13314 
               −35.66908 
               caf2 
             
             
               19 
               254.50945 
               −10.06127 
             
             
               20 
               256.11745 
               −28.34838 
               caf2 
             
             
               21 
               −1822.70249 
               −268.88082 
             
             
               22 
               0.00000 
               162.32865 
                 
               FM1 
             
             
               23 
               412.14379 
               44.81415 
               caf2 
             
             
               24 
               −514.47810 
               24.63586 
             
             
               25 
               −350.11325 
               33.47520 
               caf2 
             
             
               26 
               −254.60012 
               219.66548 
             
             
               27 
               0.00000 
               −199.95918 
                 
               FM2 
             
             
               28 
               514.92997 
               −23.66212 
               caf2 
             
             
               29 
               255.35596 
               −13.37135 
             
             
               30 
               338.01319 
               −15.04140 
               caf2 
             
             
               31 
               −459.91711 
               −1.01570 
             
             
               32 
               −258.57016 
               −34.83108 
               caf2 
             
             
               33 
               −457.51166 
               −71.87340 
             
             
               34 
               −223.68365 
               −47.54530 
               caf2 
             
             
               35 
               751.85440 
               −22.60074 
             
             
               36 
               268.47191 
               −23.38703 
               caf2 
             
             
               37 
               −1165.25792 
               −16.20487 
             
             
               38 
               −386.40525 
               −20.33655 
               caf2 
             
             
               39 
               −466.36508 
               −12.77442 
             
             
               40 
               −370.27173 
               −63.27240 
               caf2 
             
             
               41 
               232.77226 
               23.91356 
             
             
               42 
               0.00000 
               −42.90082 
                 
               APERTURE STOP 
             
             
               43 
               1148.49808 
               −68.29475 
               caf2 
             
             
               44 
               568.06929 
               −1.01683 
             
             
               45 
               −219.12809 
               −49.17786 
               caf2 
             
             
               46 
               1682.72634 
               −1.01683 
             
             
               47 
               −514.87058 
               −21.29114 
               caf2 
             
             
               48 
               −39003.71488 
               −2.51668 
             
             
               49 
               −616.56989 
               −17.52530 
               caf2 
             
             
               50 
               −3.5E+05 
               −1.83409 
             
             
               51 
               −910.87500 
               −24.55409 
               caf2 
             
             
               52 
               −11464.91757 
               −1.01683 
             
             
               53 
               −209.21733 
               −49.49135 
               caf2 
             
             
               54 
               0.00000 
               −9.95147 
             
             
                 
             
             
               L = 997.84 mm 
             
             
               β = ¼ 
             
             
               NA = 0.80 
             
             
               |β1/NAO| = 5.29 
             
             
               |β1 · βf/NAO| = 7.65 
             
             
               |β1| = 1.057 
             
             
               a/b = 0.0538 
             
             
               b/c = 0.479 
             
           
        
       
     
   
   
     
       
             
           
             
             
             
             
             
           
             
             
             
             
             
           
             
             
             
             
             
           
             
             
             
             
             
           
         
             
                 
             
             
               ASPHERICAL SURFACES 
             
             
                 
             
           
           
             
                 
             
           
        
         
             
               i 
               K 
               A 
               B 
               C 
             
             
                 
             
           
        
         
             
               1 
               0.67157400 
               −3.12148340E−09 
               1.24961887E−13 
               −1.07206311E−17 
             
             
               6 
               −0.26422545 
               −4.07630359E−09 
               −3.74292072E−13 
               −1.46846516E−17 
             
             
               10 
               −0.04052878 
               −5.40216034E−09 
               1.46578961E−13 
               6.53664151E−20 
             
             
               16 
               −0.04052878 
               −5.40216034E−09 
               1.46578961E−13 
               6.53664151E−20 
             
             
               20 
               −0.26422545 
               −4.07630359E−09 
               −3.74292072E−13 
               −1.46846516E−17 
             
             
               23 
               −0.06868808 
               −1.05721576E−08 
               −4.79962790E−14 
               4.74439039E−19 
             
             
               25 
               1.04273198 
               −4.70121479E−09 
               1.07389747E−13 
               1.24811271E−18 
             
             
               32 
               −1.01492628 
               −1.96968709E−08 
               2.44323828E−13 
               −4.76571749E−18 
             
             
               34 
               −0.45182630 
               2.12897818E−08 
               2.93116566E−13 
               1.54392512E−17 
             
             
               39 
               −1.99465650 
               −3.89130899E−08 
               5.64229062E−13 
               7.10821780E−18 
             
             
               41 
               −1.09917187 
               −1.56104003E−08 
               6.72159485E−13 
               −3.21066701E−17 
             
             
               47 
               1.46551924 
               5.88942104E−08 
               3.79528671E−12 
               −2.62771281E−16 
             
             
               51 
               −2.04763264 
               −6.93796147E−08 
               −3.23034550E−12 
               8.79032313E−16 
             
             
               53 
               −0.58689189 
               −4.47928864E−08 
               1.18331479E−13 
               −2.99578474E−16 
             
             
                 
             
           
        
         
             
               i 
               D 
               E 
               F 
               G 
             
             
                 
             
           
        
         
             
               1 
               3.02396381E−21 
               −4.17118053E−25 
               2.78125431E−29 
               −6.44187470E−34 
             
             
               6 
               2.12902413E−21 
               −2.81497785E−25 
               1.50694792E−29 
               −3.53816272E−34 
             
             
               10 
               2.55935824E−22 
               −2.01752638E−27 
               −4.05301590E−31 
               2.49240398E−35 
             
             
               16 
               2.55935824E−22 
               −2.01752638E−27 
               −4.05301590E−31 
               2.49240398E−35 
             
             
               20 
               2.12902413E−21 
               −2.81497785E−25 
               1.50694792E−29 
               −3.53816272E−34 
             
             
               23 
               −8.39315466E−22 
               4.89327799E−26 
               −1.86906734E−30 
               −1.91328722E−36 
             
             
               25 
               3.43732001E−22 
               −7.17783414E−28 
               −2.94948641E−31 
               3.96862254E−35 
             
             
               32 
               −5.04835667E−22 
               6.49443358E−26 
               −3.00384245E−30 
               6.50850163E−35 
             
             
               34 
               4.13121834E−22 
               −3.42060737E−26 
               3.13448029E−30 
               −1.26160384E−34 
             
             
               39 
               3.92603930E−22 
               −8.05151085E−26 
               2.70060158E−30 
               −5.33417169E−35 
             
             
               41 
               1.37582551E−21 
               −5.72809395E−26 
               1.81888057E−30 
               −1.90531697E−35 
             
             
               47 
               −1.60589201E−20 
               2.16600278E−24 
               −9.01334418E−29 
               1.30281885E−33 
             
             
               51 
               −4.52726701E−20 
               5.98777721E−24 
               −4.25816067E−28 
               1.53629738E−32 
             
             
               53 
               −2.91098686E−19 
               7.52634824E−23 
               −1.41750767E−26 
               8.34861881E−31 
             
             
                 
             
           
        
       
     
   
   Second Embodiment 
     FIG. 4  is an optical-path diagram showing a configuration of the catadioptric projection optical system  100  of the second embodiment. Referring to  FIG. 4 , the catadioptric projection optical system  100  includes, in order from the first object  101  side, a first imaging optical system Gr 1  and a second imaging optical system Gr 2 . 
   The first imaging optical system Gr 1  includes, in order from the first object  101  side, a lens unit L 1 A having a positive refractive power, a reciprocating optical system (part) L 1 B having a negative refractive power, and a concave mirror M 1 . 
   The lens unit L 1 A includes, along the light traveling direction from the side of the first object  101 , an aspheric positive lens L 111  and a positive lens L 112 . The aspheric positive lens L 111  has a biconvex form. The positive lens L 112  has a meniscus form that has a convex surface oriented toward a side opposite to the first object  101  side. 
   The reciprocating optical system L 1 B includes an aspheric negative lens L 113 , a positive lens L 114 , an aspheric negative lens L 115 , a negative lens L 116 , and a concave mirror M 1 . The aspheric negative lens L 113  has an approximately planoconcave form that has a concave surface oriented toward a side opposite to the first object  101  side. The positive lens L 114  has an approximately planoconvex form that has a convex surface oriented toward the first object  101  side. The aspheric negative lens L 115  has a meniscus form that has a concave mirror oriented toward the first object  101  side. The negative lens L 116  has a meniscus form that has a concave surface oriented toward the first object  101  side. The concave mirror M 1  has a concave form that has a concave surface oriented toward the first object  101  side. 
   The light from the first object  101  passes through the lens unit L 1 A, enters the reciprocating optical system L 1 B, is reflected at the concave mirror M 1 , and reenters the reciprocating optical system L 1 B. Then, a deflective reflector FM 1  deflects the optical axis AX 1  to the optical axis AX 2  by 90°. The light is also reflected, and an intermediate image IMG is formed. 
   The first deflective reflector FM 1  is arranged between the first imaging optical system Gr 1  and the second imaging optical system Gr 2 . Preferably, as in the instant embodiment, the first deflective reflector FM 1  is arranged between the intermediate image IMG and the reciprocating optical system L 1 B. In the instant embodiment, the first deflective reflector FM 1  uses a flat mirror. 
   The second imaging optical system Gr 2  includes a lens unit L 2 A having a positive refractive power and a lens unit L 2 B having a positive refractive power. 
   The lens unit L 2 A includes, along the light traveling direction from the side of the first imaging optical system Gr 1 , a biconvex aspheric positive lens L 211  and a meniscus aspheric positive lens L 212  with its convex surface oriented toward a side opposite to the intermediate image IMG side. 
   The lens unit L 2 B includes a positive lens L 213 , a negative lens L 214 , an aspheric positive lens L 215 , an aspheric positive lens L 216 , a negative lens L 217 , an aspheric positive lens L 218 , an aspheric positive lens L 219 , an aperture stop  103 , a positive lens L 220 , a positive lens L 221 , an aspheric negative lens L 222 , a positive lens L 223 , an aspheric positive lens L 224 , and an aspheric positive lens L 225 . The positive lens L 213  has a meniscus form that has a convex surface oriented toward the second object  102  side. The negative lens L 214  has a biconcave form. The aspheric positive lens L 215  has a meniscus form that has a convex surface oriented toward a side opposite to the second object  102  side. The aspheric positive lens L 216  has an approximately planoconvex form that has a convex surface oriented toward a side opposite to the second object  102  side. The negative lens L 217  has a biconcave form. The aspheric positive lens L 218  has a meniscus form that has a convex surface oriented toward a side opposite to the second object  102  side. The aspheric positive lens L 219  has a biconvex form. The positive lens L 220  has a meniscus form that has a convex surface oriented toward the second object  102  side. The positive lens L 221  has an approximately planoconvex form that has a convex surface oriented toward a side opposite to the second object  102  side. The aspheric negative lens L 222  has an approximately planoconvex form that has a convex surface oriented toward a side opposite to the second object  102  side. The positive lens L 223  has an approximately planoconvex form that has a convex surface oriented toward a side opposite to the second object  102  side. The aspheric positive lens L 224  has an approximately planoconvex form that has a convex surface oriented toward a side opposite to the second object  102  side. The aspheric positive lens L 225  has a planoconvex form that has a plane surface oriented toward the second object  102  side. 
   The second deflective reflector FM 2  is arranged between the lens unit L 2 A and the lens unit L 2 B of the second imaging optical system Gr 2 . The present embodiment makes the second deflective reflector FM 2  of a plane mirror for deflecting the light reflected from the first deflective reflector FM 1  in a predetermined direction. 
   The aperture stop  103  is arranged between the aspheric positive lens L 219  and the positive lens L 220 . 
   The catadioptric projection optical system  100  of the second embodiment uses a projection magnification of ¼, a reference wavelength of 157 nm, and calcium fluoride as a glass material. An image-side numerical aperture is NA=0.80. An object-image distance (the first object  101  surface to the second object  102  surface) is L=1051.59 mm. An aberration-corrected object point in a range of about 7.50 to 20.25 mm secures a rectangular exposure area of at least 26 mm long and 8 mm wide. 
     FIG. 5  shows a lateral aberration diagram of the catadioptric projection optical system  100  of the second embodiment.  FIG. 5  shows a wavelength with a reference wavelength of 157.6 nm±0.6 pm. Understandably, monochrome and chromatic aberrations are satisfactorily corrected.  FIG. 5A  shows a lateral aberration diagram for light from an off-axis area that has an image point of 7.5 mm in the second object  102 . On the other hand,  FIG. 5B  shows a lateral aberration diagram for light from an off-axis area that has an image point of 20.25 mm in the second object  102 . 
   The following Table 2 shows the specification of the numerical example of the catadioptric projection optical system  100  of the second embodiment. Symbols in the table are the same as in table 1, and thus a description thereof will be omitted. 
   
     
       
             
           
             
             
             
             
             
           
             
             
             
             
             
           
         
             
               TABLE 2 
             
           
           
             
                 
             
             
               DISTANCE FROM FIRST OBJECT~FIRST 
             
             
               SURFACE: 69.87426 mm 
             
           
        
         
             
                 
                 
                 
               LENS 
                 
             
             
               i 
               ri 
               di 
               MATERIAL 
                 
             
             
                 
             
           
        
         
             
               1 
               668.40243 
               20.22118 
               caf2 
                 
             
             
               2 
               −909.99969 
               20.15953 
             
             
               3 
               −278.78157 
               41.82957 
               caf2 
             
             
               4 
               −226.53067 
               306.96914 
             
             
               5 
               −9013.50255 
               21.17315 
               caf2 
             
             
               6 
               227.11071 
               14.30268 
             
             
               7 
               252.59236 
               32.41133 
               caf2 
             
             
               8 
               3060.02052 
               91.62181 
             
             
               9 
               −251.66991 
               20.06219 
               caf2 
             
             
               10 
               −657.64908 
               16.70481 
             
             
               11 
               −298.52631 
               20.01564 
               caf2 
             
             
               12 
               −1155.92042 
               27.46979 
             
             
               13 
               −277.46695 
               −27.46979 
                 
               M1 
             
             
               14 
               −1155.92042 
               −20.01564 
               caf2 
             
             
               15 
               −298.52631 
               −16.70481 
             
             
               16 
               −657.64908 
               −20.06219 
               caf2 
             
             
               17 
               −251.66991 
               −91.62181 
             
             
               18 
               3060.02052 
               −32.41133 
               caf2 
             
             
               19 
               252.59236 
               −14.30268 
             
             
               20 
               22.11071 
               −21.17315 
               caf2 
             
             
               21 
               −9013.50255 
               −292.82106 
             
             
               22 
               0.00000 
               144.98564 
                 
               FM1 
             
             
               23 
               504.78955 
               42.62735 
               caf2 
             
             
               24 
               −475.98929 
               158.10011 
             
             
               25 
               −803.47768 
               40.00000 
               caf2 
             
             
               26 
               −340.39441 
               99.24315 
             
             
               27 
               0.00000 
               −200.01742 
                 
               FM2 
             
             
               28 
               627.21306 
               −24.57765 
               caf2 
             
             
               29 
               275.15619 
               −2.32909 
             
             
               30 
               434.05214 
               −17.83341 
               caf2 
             
             
               31 
               −685.95720 
               −1.00000 
             
             
               32 
               −266.06165 
               −40.00000 
               caf2 
             
             
               33 
               −236.39777 
               −98.47464 
             
             
               34 
               −201.23101 
               −52.61738 
               caf2 
             
             
               35 
               998.68752 
               −20.80028 
             
             
               36 
               428.05968 
               −23.38703 
               caf2 
             
             
               37 
               −330.13594 
               −34.04513 
             
             
               38 
               −398.32107 
               −20.33655 
               caf2 
             
             
               39 
               −1741.28350 
               −24.68386 
             
             
               40 
               −465.91801 
               −68.95155 
               caf2 
             
             
               41 
               214.11384 
               28.60841 
             
             
               42 
               0.00000 
               −46.19472 
                 
               APERTURE STOP 
             
             
               43 
               2389.68736 
               −67.41845 
               caf2 
             
             
               44 
               666.87372 
               −1.01683 
             
             
               45 
               −213.66192 
               −44.46924 
               caf2 
             
             
               46 
               954.85885 
               −1.01683 
             
             
               47 
               −795.17615 
               −20.28664 
               caf2 
             
             
               48 
               −550.11819 
               −3.06249 
             
             
               49 
               −349.24693 
               −17.50613 
               caf2 
             
             
               50 
               −16687.89701 
               −2.30561 
             
             
               51 
               −925.70468 
               −24.79031 
               caf2 
             
             
               52 
               −47751.77910 
               −1.01683 
             
             
               53 
               −190.68875 
               −45.82729 
               caf2 
             
             
               54 
               0.00000 
               −9.99596 
             
             
                 
             
             
               L = 1051.59 mm 
             
             
               β = ¼ 
             
             
               NA = 0.80 
             
             
               |β1/NAO| = 6.11 
             
             
               |β1 · βf/NAO| = 8.15 
             
             
               |β1| = 1.222 
             
             
               a/b = 0.00088 
             
             
               b/c = 0.470 
             
           
        
       
     
   
   
     
       
             
           
             
             
             
             
             
           
             
             
             
             
             
           
             
             
             
             
             
           
         
             
                 
             
             
               ASPHERICAL SURFACES 
             
             
                 
             
           
           
             
                 
             
           
        
         
             
               i 
               K 
               A 
               B 
               C 
             
             
                 
             
             
                1 
               1.84472719 
               −4.28737069E−09 
               −4.41427710E−14 
               8.11274173E−18 
             
             
                6 
               −0.27189589 
               −4.22360534E−09 
               −3.66149757E−13 
               −5.21688557E−18 
             
             
               10 
               0.49938484 
               −6.02516745E−09 
               1.48782891E−13 
               −9.03391986e−019 
             
             
               16 
               0.49938484 
               −6.02516745E−09 
               1.48782891E−13 
               9.03391986E−19 
             
             
               20 
               −0.27189589 
               −4.22360534E−09 
               −3.66149757E−13 
               −5.21688557E−18 
             
             
               23 
               0.79344720 
               −9.58055891E−09 
               −1.44694100E−13 
               1.99136296E−17 
             
             
               25 
               0.38159869 
               −7.27012352E−09 
               7.67976427E−14 
               −2.01234702E−19 
             
             
               32 
               −0.46697051 
               −2.04044049E−08 
               3.74018192E−13 
               −1.16647192E−17 
             
             
               34 
               −0.53480624 
               2.26188296E−08 
               2.79329047E−13 
               1.85357176E−17 
             
             
               39 
               −1.08351559 
               −3.95543216E−08 
               2.30977379E−13 
               9.83209623E−18 
             
             
               41 
               −0.95966217 
               −1.45575701E−08 
               7.81477775E−13 
               −3.03683767E−17 
             
             
               47 
               −0.95442908 
               5.47250405E−08 
               4.34318997E−12 
               −2.78298594E−16 
             
             
               51 
               −1.96075510 
               −9.49376715E−08 
               −3.00111451E−12 
               5.98641043E−16 
             
             
               53 
               −1.17537128 
               −1.33444944E−08 
               4.64806503E−12 
               −2.23525496E−16 
             
             
                 
             
           
        
         
             
               i 
               D 
               E 
               F 
               G 
             
             
                 
             
           
        
         
             
               1 
               −2.07377580E−21 
               2.14738504E−25 
               −1.19376730E−29 
               3.39039856E−34 
             
             
               6 
               1.44705561E−21 
               −1.96777906E−25 
               1.14310793E−29 
               −2.72077599E−34 
             
             
               10 
               −3.13004905E−24 
               2.20935958E−26 
               −1.66002358E−30 
               5.39928337E−35 
             
             
               16 
               −3.13004905E−24 
               2.20935958E−26 
               −1.66002358E−30 
               5.39928337E−35 
             
             
               20 
               1.44705561E−21 
               −1.96777906E−25 
               1.14310793E−29 
               −2.72077599E−34 
             
             
               23 
               −1.84064584E−21 
               1.07963092E−25 
               −3.78934188E−30 
               5.69453371E−35 
             
             
               25 
               9.84789574E−23 
               −7.73186611E−27 
               2.70919906E−31 
               −5.25476041E−36 
             
             
               32 
               3.68781098E−22 
               7.76457500E−28 
               −3.63007208E−31 
               1.53597787E−35 
             
             
               34 
               2.89666734E−22 
               −2.25156851E−26 
               2.54901422E−30 
               −1.14638254E−34 
             
             
               39 
               1.67679893E−22 
               −2.86823967E−26 
               −6.87337289E−31 
               9.61735989E−36 
             
             
               41 
               1.39961175E−21 
               −5.53226831E−26 
               1.81465248E−30 
               −2.39708052E−35 
             
             
               47 
               −1.07107681E−20 
               1.28989008E−24 
               −2.57193395E−29 
               −6.39379334E−34 
             
             
               51 
               −2.74686808E−20 
               7.84557981E−24 
               −8.32541969E−28 
               6.57146205E−32 
             
             
               53 
               −2.70340899E−19 
               1.28545363E−23 
               −1.76779835E−27 
               −1.06366211E−30 
             
             
                 
             
           
        
       
     
   
   Third Embodiment 
     FIG. 6  is an optical-path diagram showing a configuration of the catadioptric projection optical system  100  of the third embodiment. Referring to  FIG. 6 , the catadioptric projection optical system  100  includes, in order from the first object  101  side, a first imaging optical system Gr 1  and a second imaging optical system Gr 2 . 
   The first imaging optical system Gr 1  includes, in order from the first object  101  side, a lens unit L 1 A having a positive refractive power, a reciprocating optical system (part) L 1 B having a negative refractive power, and a concave mirror M 1 . 
   The lens unit L 1 A includes, along the light traveling direction from the side of the first object  101 , an aspheric positive lens L 111  and a positive lens L 112 . The aspheric positive lens L 111  has an approximately planoconvex form that has a convex surface oriented toward the first object  101  side. The positive lens L 112  has a meniscus form that has a convex surface oriented toward a side opposite to the first object  101  side. 
   The reciprocating optical system L 1 B includes an aspheric negative lens L 113 , a positive lens L 114 , an aspheric negative lens L 115 , a negative lens L 116 , and a concave mirror M 1 . The aspheric negative lens L 113  has a biconcave form. The positive lens L 114  has an approximately planoconvex form that has a convex surface oriented toward the first object  101  side. The aspheric negative lens L 115  has a meniscus form that has a concave mirror oriented toward the first object  101  side. The negative lens L 116  has a meniscus form that has a concave surface oriented toward the first object  101  side. The concave mirror M 1  has a concave form that has a concave surface oriented toward the first object  101  side. 
   The light from the first object  101  passes through the lens unit L 1 A, enters the reciprocating optical system L 1 B, is reflected at the concave mirror M 1 , and reenters the reciprocating optical system L 1 B. Then, a deflective reflector FM 1  deflects the optical axis AX 1  to the optical axis AX 2  by 90°. The light is also reflected, and an intermediate image IMG is formed. 
   The first deflective reflector FM 1  is arranged between the first imaging optical system Gr 1  and the second imaging optical system Gr 2 . Preferably, as in the instant embodiment, the first deflective reflector FM 1  is arranged between the intermediate image IMG and the reciprocating optical system L 1 B. In the instant embodiment, the first deflective reflector FM 1  uses a flat mirror. 
   The second imaging optical system Gr 2  includes a lens unit L 2 A having a positive refractive power and a lens unit L 2 B having a positive refractive power. 
   The lens unit L 2 A includes, along the light traveling direction from the side of the first imaging optical system Gr 1 , an aspheric positive lens L 211  and an aspheric positive lens L 212 . The aspheric positive lens L 211  has a biconvex form. The aspheric positive lens L 212  has a meniscus form that has a convex surface oriented toward a side opposite to the intermediate image IMG side. 
   The lens unit L 2 B includes a positive lens L 213 , a negative lens L 214 , an aspheric positive lens L 215 , an aspheric positive lens L 216 , a negative lens L 217 , an aspheric positive lens L 218 , an aperture stop  103 , an aspheric positive lens L 219 , a positive lens L 220 , a positive lens L 221 , an aspheric positive lens L 222 , a positive lens L 223 , an aspheric positive lens L 224 , and an aspheric positive lens L 225 . The positive lens L 213  has a meniscus form that has a convex surface oriented toward the second object  102  side. The negative lens L 214  has a biconcave form. The aspheric positive lens L 215  has a meniscus form that has a convex surface oriented toward a side opposite to the second object  102  side. The aspheric positive lens L 216  has a biconvex form. The negative lens L 217  has an approximately planoconcave form that has a concave surface oriented toward a side opposite to the second object  102  side. The aspheric positive lens L 218  has a meniscus form that has a convex surface oriented toward a side opposite to the second object  102  side. The aspheric positive lens L 219  has a biconvex form. The positive lens L 220  has an approximately planoconvex form that has a convex surface oriented toward the second object  102  side. The positive lens L 221  has an approximately planoconvex form that has a convex surface oriented toward a side opposite to the second object  102  side. The aspheric positive lens L 222  has an approximately planoconvex form that has a convex surface oriented toward a side opposite to the second object  102  side. The positive lens L 223  has an approximately planoconvex form that has a convex surface oriented toward a side opposite to the second object  102  side. The aspheric positive lens L 224  has an approximately planoconvex form that has a convex surface oriented toward a side opposite to the second object  102  side. The aspheric positive lens L 225  has a planoconvex form that has a plane surface oriented toward the second object  102  side. 
   The second deflective reflector FM 2  is arranged between the lens unit L 2 A and the lens unit L 2 B of the second imaging optical system Gr 2 . The present embodiment makes the second deflective reflector FM 2  of a plane mirror for deflecting the light reflected from the first deflective reflector FM 1  in a predetermined direction. 
   The aperture stop  103  is arranged between the aspheric positive lens L 218  and the aspheric positive lens L 219 . 
   The catadioptric projection optical system  100  of the third embodiment uses a projection magnification of ¼, a reference wavelength of 157 nm, and calcium fluoride as a glass material. An image-side numerical aperture is NA=0.80. An object-image distance (the first object  101  surface to the second object  102  surface) is L=983.40 mm. An aberration-corrected object point in a range of about 7.50 to 20.25 mm secures a rectangular exposure area of at least 26 mm long and 8 mm wide. 
     FIG. 7  shows a lateral aberration diagram of the catadioptric projection optical system  100  of the third embodiment.  FIG. 7  shows a wavelength with a reference wavelength of 157.6 nm±0.6 pm. Understandably, monochrome and chromatic aberrations are satisfactorily corrected.  FIG. 7A  shows a lateral aberration diagram for light from an off-axis area that has an image point of 7.5 mm in the second object  102 . On the other hand,  FIG. 7B  shows a lateral aberration diagram for light from an off-axis area that has an image point of 20.25 mm in the second object  102 . 
   The following Table 3 shows the specification of the numerical example of the catadioptric projection optical system  100  of the third embodiment. Symbols in the table are the same as in Table 1, and thus a description thereof will be omitted. 
   
     
       
             
           
             
             
             
             
             
           
             
             
             
             
             
           
         
             
               TABLE 3 
             
           
           
             
                 
             
             
               DISTANCE FROM FIRST OBJECT~FIRST 
             
             
               SURFACE: 40.13403 mm 
             
           
        
         
             
                 
                 
                 
               LENS 
                 
             
             
               i 
               ri 
               di 
               MATERIAL 
             
             
                 
             
           
        
         
             
               1 
               260.11007 
               20.22118 
               caf2 
                 
             
             
               2 
               883.38340 
               28.09241 
             
             
               3 
               −591.69377 
               15.01918 
               caf2 
             
             
               4 
               −368.85812 
               275.56936 
             
             
               5 
               −637.38698 
               17.50000 
               caf2 
             
             
               6 
               247.67865 
               10.07938 
             
             
               7 
               235.57254 
               26.31032 
               caf2 
             
             
               8 
               3135.07017 
               78.00000 
             
             
               9 
               −197.51950 
               20.09812 
               caf2 
             
             
               10 
               −356.26642 
               10.74741 
             
             
               11 
               −321.57746 
               20.31945 
               caf2 
             
             
               12 
               −1046.94074 
               32.68661 
             
             
               13 
               −269.59967 
               −32.68661 
                 
               M1 
             
             
               14 
               −1046.94074 
               −20.31945 
               caf2 
             
             
               15 
               −321.57746 
               −10.74741 
             
             
               16 
               −356.26642 
               −20.09812 
               caf2 
             
             
               17 
               −197.51950 
               −78.00000 
             
             
               18 
               3135.07017 
               −26.31032 
               caf2 
             
             
               19 
               235.57254 
               −10.07938 
             
             
               20 
               247.67865 
               −17.50000 
               caf2 
             
             
               21 
               −637.38698 
               −235.06352 
             
             
               22 
               0.00000 
               154.78510 
                 
               FM1 
             
             
               23 
               412.53248 
               53.86090 
               caf2 
             
             
               24 
               −454.52997 
               71.16043 
             
             
               25 
               −247.59332 
               27.54356 
               caf2 
             
             
               26 
               −183.91506 
               181.23623 
             
             
               27 
               0.00000 
               −210.98345 
                 
               FM2 
             
             
               28 
               3767.23604 
               −39.78178 
               caf2 
             
             
               29 
               277.50559 
               −3.63851 
             
             
               30 
               292.85727 
               −29.63790 
               caf2 
             
             
               31 
               −458.45291 
               −1.33883 
             
             
               32 
               −246.79815 
               −39.85383 
               caf2 
             
             
               33 
               −311.59024 
               −68.58748 
             
             
               34 
               −235.53718 
               −52.59735 
               caf2 
             
             
               35 
               467.79877 
               −16.47474 
             
             
               36 
               245.94544 
               −23.38703 
               caf2 
             
             
               37 
               −2118.42723 
               −7.42790 
             
             
               38 
               −493.38965 
               −20.33655 
               caf2 
             
             
               39 
               −516.74517 
               −17.40457 
             
             
               40 
               0.00000 
               7.00000 
                 
               APERTURE STOP 
             
             
               41 
               −316.79913 
               −70.00000 
               caf2 
             
             
               42 
               273.85870 
               −1.51310 
             
             
               43 
               6275.38113 
               −69.81106 
               caf2 
             
             
               44 
               449.01624 
               −1.01683 
             
             
               45 
               −286.22645 
               −48.61231 
               caf2 
             
             
               46 
               −3757.65238 
               −1.01683 
             
             
               47 
               −300.84255 
               −21.04400 
               caf2 
             
             
               48 
               −1531.14490 
               −1.21708 
             
             
               49 
               −447.05091 
               −17.57713 
               caf2 
             
             
               50 
               −913.33797 
               −3.39970 
             
             
               51 
               −417.01084 
               −21.41824 
               caf2 
             
             
               52 
               −42099.53696 
               −1.01683 
             
             
               53 
               −233.68723 
               −47.62945 
               caf2 
             
             
               54 
               0.00000 
               −9.70059 
             
             
                 
             
             
               L = 983.40 mm 
             
             
               β = ¼ 
             
             
               NA = 0.80 
             
             
               |β1/NAO| = 5.13 
             
             
               |β1 · βf/NAO| = 8.25 
             
             
               |β1| = 1.025 
             
             
               a/b = 0.0455 
             
             
               b/c = 0.518 
             
           
        
       
     
   
   
     
       
             
           
             
             
             
             
             
           
             
             
             
             
             
           
             
             
             
             
             
           
             
             
             
             
             
           
         
             
                 
             
             
               ASPHERICAL SURFACES 
             
             
                 
             
           
           
             
                 
             
           
        
         
             
               i 
               K 
               A 
               B 
               C 
             
             
                 
             
           
        
         
             
               1 
               0.49697074 
               −2.67716672E−09 
               −1.74309788E−13 
               −2.09170434E−17 
             
             
               6 
               1.41328830 
               2.07799210E−09 
               −4.26185978E−13 
               −1.25267670E−17 
             
             
               10 
               0.46617565 
               −6.84466829E−09 
               4.50692462E−14 
               1.72893414E−18 
             
             
               16 
               0.46617565 
               −6.84466829E−09 
               4.50692462E−14 
               1.72893414E−18 
             
             
               20 
               1.41328830 
               2.07799210E−09 
               −4.26185978E−13 
               −1.25267670E−17 
             
             
               23 
               −1.99692838 
               −1.46408021E−08 
               1.07386812E−13 
               −6.57916448E−18 
             
             
               25 
               0.94768025 
               −6.48013865E−09 
               1.29506074E−13 
               4.41070720E−18 
             
             
               32 
               −0.53069421 
               −2.29496734E−08 
               1.46540612E−13 
               −9.48243024E−18 
             
             
               34 
               −0.58592559 
               2.27047629E−08 
               3.72962833E−13 
               1.78675689E−17 
             
             
               39 
               −1.99829606 
               −4.02933770E−08 
               2.28490744E−13 
               7.09139430E−18 
             
             
               42 
               −0.94509911 
               −1.45135015E−08 
               7.57078652E−13 
               −3.77421659E−17 
             
             
               47 
               −0.10298455 
               5.88225502E−08 
               3.64981480E−12 
               −2.36226284E−16 
             
             
               51 
               1.94997831 
               −8.00801793E−08 
               −2.73886338E−12 
               1.03434118E−15 
             
             
               53 
               1.64235579 
               −5.98172801E−08 
               1.56058112E−14 
               −1.19221610E−15 
             
             
                 
             
           
        
         
             
               i 
               D 
               E 
               F 
               G 
             
             
                 
             
           
        
         
             
               1 
               5.18497263E−21 
               −3.60189028E−25 
               −2.65126620E−30 
               8.30507568E−34 
             
             
               6 
               1.97675878E−21 
               −4.91077476E−25 
               3.61319930E−29 
               −1.06824258E−33 
             
             
               10 
               9.58499269E−23 
               1.84965678E−26 
               −1.35380227E−30 
               8.38070131E−35 
             
             
               16 
               9.58499269E−23 
               1.84965678E−26 
               −1.35380227E−30 
               8.38070131E−35 
             
             
               20 
               1.97675878E−21 
               −4.91077476E−25 
               3.61319930E−29 
               −1.06824258E−33 
             
             
               23 
               −9.13728385E−22 
               6.08826931E−26 
               −1.87726545E−30 
               −1.11307008E−35 
             
             
               25 
               1.23647754E−22 
               5.82476981E−27 
               −5.35142438E−32 
               1.80315832E−35 
             
             
               32 
               −6.38425458E−23 
               2.33580442E−26 
               −1.42562786E−30 
               3.23706771E−35 
             
             
               34 
               4.66470849E−22 
               −3.26187824E−26 
               2.87894208E−30 
               −1.29130160E−34 
             
             
               39 
               1.77831564E−22 
               −9.56219011E−26 
               2.37030856E−30 
               −3.53254917E−35 
             
             
               42 
               1.72360268E−21 
               −5.67160176E−26 
               2.05866748E−30 
               −4.37198713E−35 
             
             
               47 
               −1.97220610E−20 
               2.18183279E−24 
               −1.06203934E−28 
               3.10574248E−33 
             
             
               51 
               −8.68250406E−21 
               2.25723562E−24 
               3.04027040E−28 
               −7.08468501E−32 
             
             
               53 
               −1.80303110E−19 
               6.84072538E−23 
               −1.99950230E−26 
               2.10385493E−30 
             
             
                 
             
           
        
       
     
   
   Fourth Embodiment 
     FIG. 8  is an optical-path diagram showing a configuration of the catadioptric projection optical system  100  of the fourth embodiment. Referring to  FIG. 8 , the catadioptric projection optical system  100  includes, in order from the first object  101  side, a first imaging optical system Gr 1  and a second imaging optical system Gr 2 . 
   The first imaging optical system Gr 1  includes, in order from the first object  101  side, a lens unit L 1 A having a positive refractive power, a reciprocating optical system (part) L 1 B having a negative refractive power, and a concave mirror M 1 . 
   The lens unit L 1 A includes, along the light traveling direction from the side of the first object  101 , an positive lens L 111  and a positive lens L 112 . The positive lens L 111  has a meniscus form that has a convex surface oriented toward the first object  101  side. The positive lens L 112  has an approximately planoconvex form that has a convex surface oriented toward the first object  101  side. 
   The reciprocating optical system L 1 B includes an negative lens L 113 , an aspheric positive lens L 114 , an aspheric negative lens L 115 , a negative lens L 116 , and a concave mirror M 1 . The negative lens L 113  has a meniscus form that has a concave surface oriented toward a side opposite to the first object  101  side. The aspheric positive lens L 114  has an approximately planoconvex form that has a convex surface oriented toward the first object  101  side. The aspheric negative lens L 115  has a meniscus form that has a concave mirror oriented toward the first object  101  side. The negative lens L 116  has a meniscus form that has a concave surface oriented toward the first object  101  side. The concave mirror M 1  has a concave form that has a concave surface oriented toward the first object  101  side. 
   The light from the first object  101  passes through the lens unit L 1 A, enters the reciprocating optical system L 1 B, is reflected at the concave mirror M 1 , and reenters the reciprocating optical system L 1 B. Then, a deflective reflector FM 1  deflects the optical axis AX 1  to the optical axis AX 2  by 90°. The light is also reflected, and an intermediate image IMG is formed. 
   The first deflective reflector FM 1  is arranged between the first imaging optical system Gr 1  and the second imaging optical system Gr 2 . Preferably, as in the instant embodiment, the first deflective reflector FM 1  is arranged between the intermediate image IMG and the reciprocating optical system L 1 B. In the instant embodiment, the first deflective reflector FM 1  uses a flat mirror. 
   The second imaging optical system Gr 2  includes a lens unit L 2 A having a positive refractive power and a lens unit L 2 B having a positive refractive power. 
   The lens unit L 2 A includes, along the light traveling direction from the side of the first imaging optical system Gr 1 , an aspheric positive lens L 211  and a positive lens L 212 . The aspheric positive lens L 211  has a biconvex form. The positive lens L 212  has an approximately planoconvex form that has a convex surface oriented toward a side opposite to the intermediate image IMG side. 
   The lens unit L 2 B includes a positive lens L 213 , a negative lens L 214 , a positive lens L 215 , an aspheric positive lens L 216 , a positive lens L 217 , an aperture stop  103 , an aspheric positive lens L 218 , an aspheric positive lens L 219 , a positive lens L 220 , a positive lens L 221 , an aspheric positive lens L 222 , a positive lens L 223 , and an aspheric positive lens L 224 . The positive lens L 213  has an approximately planoconvex form that has a convex surface oriented toward a side opposite to the second object  102  side. The negative lens L 214  has a biconcave form. The positive lens L 215  has a meniscus form that has a convex surface oriented toward a side opposite to the second object  102  side. The aspheric positive lens L 216  has an approximately planoconvex form that has a convex surface oriented toward a side opposite to the second object  102  side. The positive lens L 217  has a meniscus form that has a convex surface oriented toward the second object  102  side. The aspheric positive lens L 218  has a meniscus form that has a convex surface oriented toward a side opposite to the second object  102  side. The aspheric positive lens L 219  has an approximately planoconvex form that has a convex surface oriented toward a side opposite to the second object  102  side. The positive lens L 220  has a meniscus form that has a convex surface oriented toward a side opposite to the second object  102  side. The positive lens L 221  has biconvex form. The aspheric positive lens L 222  has an approximately planoconvex form that has a convex surface oriented toward a side opposite to the second object  102  side. The positive lens L 223  has a meniscus form that has a convex surface oriented toward a side opposite to the second object  102  side. The aspheric positive lens L 224  has a planoconvex form that has a plane surface oriented toward the second object  102  side. 
   A space between the final lens (aspheric positive lens L 224 ) and the second object  102  is filled with a fluid (so-called immersion structure). 
   The second deflective reflector FM 2  is arranged between the lens unit L 2 A and the lens unit L 2 B of the second imaging optical system Gr 2 . The present embodiment makes the second deflective reflector FM 2  of a plane mirror for deflecting the light reflected from the first deflective reflector FM 1  in a predetermined direction. 
   The aperture stop  103  is arranged between the positive lens L 217  and the aspheric positive lens L 218 . 
   The catadioptric projection optical system  100  of the fourth embodiment uses a projection magnification of ¼, a reference wavelength of 193.0 nm, and quartz as a glass material. An image-side numerical aperture is NA=0.80. An object-image distance (the first object  101  surface to the second object  102  surface) is L=915.44 mm. An aberration-corrected object point in a range of about 7.50 to 20.25 mm secures a rectangular exposure area of at least 26 mm long and 8 mm wide. 
     FIG. 9  shows a lateral aberration diagram of the catadioptric projection optical system  100  of the fourth embodiment.  FIG. 9  shows a wavelength with a reference wavelength of 193.0 nm±0.2 pm. Understandably, monochrome and chromatic aberrations are satisfactorily corrected.  FIG. 9A  shows a lateral aberration diagram for light from an off-axis area that has an image point of 7.5 mm in the second object  102 . On the other hand,  FIG. 9B  shows a lateral aberration diagram for light from an off-axis area that has an image point of 20.25 mm in the second object  102 . 
   The following Table 4 shows the specification of the numerical example of the catadioptric projection optical system  100  of the first embodiment. Symbols in the table are the same as in table 1, and thus a description thereof will be omitted. A lens glass material SiO 2  has a refractive index to a reference wavelength λ=193.000 nm is 1.5609. The refractive indexes of the wavelengths of +0.2 pm and −0.2 pm for the reference wavelength are, 1.56089968 and 1.56090032, respectively. A water used for the fluid has a refractive index to a reference wavelength λ=193.000 nm is 1.437. The refractive indexes of the wavelengths of +0.2 pm and −0.2 pm for the reference wavelength are, 1.43699958 and 1.43700042, respectively. 
   
     
       
             
           
             
             
             
             
             
           
             
             
             
             
             
           
         
             
               TABLE 4 
             
           
           
             
                 
             
             
               DISTANCE FROM FIRST OBJECT~FIRST 
             
             
               SURFACE: 41.84296 mm 
             
           
        
         
             
                 
                 
                 
               LENS 
                 
             
             
               i 
               ri 
               di 
               MATERIAL 
                 
             
             
                 
             
           
        
         
             
               1 
               251.59420 
               20.22118 
               sio2 
                 
             
             
               2 
               243.48822 
               9.84632 
             
             
               3 
               358.30042 
               41.97093 
               sio2 
             
             
               4 
               −826.58003 
               186.17213 
             
             
               5 
               329.32922 
               40.00000 
               sio2 
             
             
               6 
               143.12035 
               12.09278 
             
             
               7 
               185.32312 
               33.31445 
               sio2 
             
             
               8 
               608.10743 
               78.73433 
             
             
               9 
               −184.71011 
               20.00249 
               sio2 
             
             
               10 
               −920.52825 
               18.20389 
             
             
               11 
               −315.68485 
               20.04265 
               sio2 
             
             
               12 
               −456.66387 
               47.02968 
             
             
               13 
               −279.88964 
               −47.02968 
                 
               M1 
             
             
               14 
               −456.66387 
               −20.04265 
               sio2 
             
             
               15 
               −315.68485 
               −18.20389 
             
             
               16 
               −920.52825 
               −20.00249 
               sio2 
             
             
               17 
               −184.71011 
               −78.73433 
             
             
               18 
               608.10743 
               −33.31445 
               sio2 
             
             
               19 
               185.32312 
               −12.09278 
             
             
               20 
               143.12035 
               −40.00000 
               sio2 
             
             
               21 
               329.32922 
               −172.02999 
             
             
               22 
               0.00000 
               188.25827 
                 
               FM1 
             
             
               23 
               473.33384 
               34.33669 
               sio2 
             
             
               24 
               −739.09171 
               1.01738 
             
             
               25 
               731.11616 
               48.81832 
               sio2′ 
             
             
               26 
               −1563.77042 
               258.82118 
             
             
               27 
               0.00000 
               −182.46588 
                 
               FM2 
             
             
               28 
               −240.94433 
               −34.30165 
               sio2 
             
             
               29 
               −1065.13094 
               −26.47287 
             
             
               30 
               521.68433 
               −19.11929 
               sio2 
             
             
               31 
               −217.81409 
               −36.69391 
             
             
               32 
               −197.66602 
               −26.16167 
               sio2 
             
             
               33 
               −301.60112 
               −73.74535 
             
             
               34 
               −213.68730 
               −41.82786 
               sio2 
             
             
               35 
               −1000.34292 
               −59.71802 
             
             
               36 
               185.13199 
               −23.38703 
               sio2 
             
             
               37 
               192.85517 
               37.83182 
             
             
               38 
               0.00000 
               −39.77435 
                 
               APERTURE STOP 
             
             
               39 
               −235.83972 
               −20.33655 
               sio2 
             
             
               40 
               −315.29313 
               −2.87277 
             
             
               41 
               −195.62209 
               −58.03235 
               sio2 
             
             
               42 
               942.91191 
               −8.33243 
             
             
               43 
               −278.04337 
               −21.50296 
               sio2 
             
             
               44 
               −572.88386 
               −1.01683 
             
             
               45 
               −292.77418 
               −54.84288 
               sio2 
             
             
               46 
               1018.86198 
               −1.01683 
             
             
               47 
               −507.84505 
               −20.00707 
               sio2 
             
             
               48 
               −2582.58474 
               −2.79080 
             
             
               49 
               −249.45727 
               −23.09053 
               sio2 
             
             
               50 
               −604.76780 
               −1.01683 
             
             
               51 
               −450.35036 
               −45.52619 
               sio2 
             
             
               52 
               0.00000 
               −1.19394 
               Water 
             
             
                 
             
             
               L = 915.44 mm 
             
             
               β = ¼ 
             
             
               NA = 0.90 
             
             
               |β1/NAO| = 5.16 
             
             
               |β1 · βf/NAO| = 6.90 
             
             
               |β1| = 1.162 
             
             
               a/b = 0.0253 
             
             
               b/c = 0.498 
             
           
        
       
     
   
   
     
       
             
           
             
             
             
             
             
           
             
             
             
             
             
           
             
             
             
             
             
           
             
             
             
             
             
           
         
             
                 
             
             
               ASPHERICAL SURFACES 
             
             
                 
             
           
           
             
                 
             
           
        
         
             
               i 
               K 
               A 
               B 
               C 
             
             
                 
             
           
        
         
             
               7 
               0.78454747 
               −1.25957857E−08 
               4.07416778E−14 
               1.60264482E−17 
             
             
               10 
               −1.69530309 
               −1.16691839E−08 
               2.52376221E−13 
               −1.14340875E−17 
             
             
               16 
               −1.69530309 
               −1.16691839E−08 
               2.52376221E−13 
               −1.14340875E−17 
             
             
               19 
               0.78454747 
               −1.25957857E−08 
               4.07416778E−14 
               1.60264482E−17 
             
             
               23 
               1.91351250 
               −9.28170033E−09 
               4.03659464E−14 
               −1.09106530E−18 
             
             
               34 
               −0.35639497 
               1.37284322E−08 
               1.44579038E−13 
               1.11740815E−17 
             
             
               40 
               1.12861801 
               −3.75383265E−08 
               −3.76644963E−13 
               −8.84893402E−18 
             
             
               42 
               −0.87144860 
               −1.46351053E−08 
               5.28358771E−13 
               −3.55174719E−17 
             
             
               47 
               −2.01574807 
               3.61452387E−08 
               5.16275766E−13 
               −5.59629177E−16 
             
             
               51 
               0.25620569 
               −1.28187111E−07 
               1.11639829E−11 
               5.88022359E−15 
             
             
                 
             
           
        
         
             
               i 
               D 
               E 
               F 
               G 
             
             
                 
             
           
        
         
             
               7 
               −8.64081009E−22 
               2.39680139E−25 
               −1.80684184E−29 
               9.97335348E−34 
             
             
               10 
               3.89781033E−22 
               8.43163310E−26 
               −8.08653944E−30 
               3.19305500E−34 
             
             
               16 
               3.89781033E−22 
               8.43163310E−26 
               −8.08653944E−30 
               3.19305500E−34 
             
             
               19 
               −8.64081009E−22 
               2.39680139E−25 
               −1.80684184E−29 
               9.97335348E−34 
             
             
               23 
               1.57395693E−23 
               −6.98047575E−28 
               2.79305776E−32 
               −5.57070437E−37 
             
             
               34 
               9.37934698E−23 
               7.62030685E−27 
               2.35260178E−32 
               1.15757755E−35 
             
             
               40 
               5.33508782E−23 
               2.65574298E−26 
               −2.21137735E−30 
               1.37041063E−34 
             
             
               42 
               1.34842682E−21 
               −5.75318986E−26 
               7.02828620E−31 
               −2.41667856E−35 
             
             
               47 
               5.11980199E−20 
               −3.67799347E−24 
               2.24192126E−28 
               −7.90964159E−33 
             
             
               51 
               −1.38085824E−18 
               5.33988181E−22 
               −8.31631159E−26 
               4.49781606E−30 
             
             
                 
             
           
        
       
     
   
   Fifth Embodiment 
     FIG. 10  is an optical-path diagram showing a configuration of the catadioptric projection optical system  100  of the fifth embodiment. Referring to  FIG. 10 , the catadioptric projection optical system  100  includes, in order from the first object  101  side, a first imaging optical system Gr 1  and a second imaging optical system Gr 2 . 
   The first imaging optical system Gr 1  includes, in order from the first object  101  side, a lens unit L 1 A having a positive refractive power, a reciprocating optical system (part) L 1 B having a negative refractive power, and a concave mirror M 1 . 
   The lens unit L 1 A includes, along the light traveling direction from the side of the first object  101 , an positive lens L 111  and a negative lens L 112 . The positive lens L 111  has an approximately planoconvex form that has a convex surface oriented toward the first object  101  side. The negative lens L 112  has a meniscus form that has a concave surface oriented toward the first object  101  side. 
   The reciprocating optical system L 1 B includes a negative lens L 113 , an aspheric positive lens L 114 , an aspheric negative lens L 115 , a positive lens L 116 , and a concave mirror M 1 . The negative lens L 113  has a meniscus form that has a concave surface oriented toward a side opposite to the first object  101  side. The aspheric positive lens L 114  has a meniscus form that has a convex surface oriented toward the first object  101  side. The aspheric negative lens L 115  has a meniscus form that has a concave mirror oriented toward the first object  101  side. The positive lens L 116  has a meniscus form that has a convex surface oriented toward a side opposite to the first object  101  side. The concave mirror M 1  has a concave form that has a concave surface oriented toward the first object  101  side. 
   The light from the first object  101  passes through the lens unit L 1 A, enters the reciprocating optical system L 1 B, is reflected at the concave mirror M 1 , and reenters the reciprocating optical system L 1 B. Then, a deflective reflector FM 1  deflects the optical axis AX 1  to the optical axis AX 2  by 90°. The light is also reflected, and an intermediate image IMG is formed. 
   The first deflective reflector FM 1  is arranged between the first imaging optical system Gr 1  and the second imaging optical system Gr 2 . Preferably, as in the instant embodiment, the first deflective reflector FM 1  is arranged between the intermediate image IMG and the reciprocating optical system L 1 B. In the instant embodiment, the first deflective reflector FM 1  uses a flat mirror. 
   The second imaging optical system Gr 2  includes a lens unit L 2 A having a positive refractive power and a lens unit L 2 B having a positive refractive power. 
   The lens unit L 2 A includes, along the light traveling direction from the side of the first imaging optical system Gr 1 , a positive lens L 211 , a positive lens L 212 , and a positive lens L 213 . The positive lens L 211  has an approximately planoconvex form that has a convex surface oriented toward a side opposite to the intermediate image IMG side. The positive lens L 212  has a biconvex form. The positive lens L 213  has an approximately planoconvex form that has a convex surface oriented toward the intermediate image IMG. 
   The lens unit L 2 B includes a positive lens L 214 , an aspheric negative lens L 215 , an aspheric negative lens L 216 , a negative lens L 217 , an aspheric positive lens L 218 , a positive lens L 219 , a positive lens L 220 , a positive lens L 221 , a positive lens L 222 , an aperture stop  103 , a positive lens L 223 , an aspheric positive lens L 224 , an aspheric positive lens L 225 , an aspheric positive lens L 226 , and a positive lens L 227 . The positive lens L 214  has an approximately planoconvex form that has a convex surface oriented toward a side opposite to the second object  102  side. The aspheric negative lens L 215  has an approximately planoconcave form that has a concave surface oriented toward a side opposite to the second object  102  side. The aspheric negative lens L 216  has an approximately planoconcave form that has a concave surface oriented toward the second object  102  side. The negative lens L 217  has a meniscus form that has a concave surface oriented toward the second object  102  side. The positive lens L 218  has a biconvex form. The positive lens L 219  has a meniscus form that has a convex surface oriented toward the second object  102  side. The positive lens L 220  has a meniscus form that has a convex surface oriented toward the second object  102  side. The positive lens L 221  has a meniscus form that has a convex surface oriented toward a side opposite to the second object  102  side. The positive lens L 222  has an approximately planoconvex form that has a convex surface oriented toward a side opposite to the second object  102  side. The positive lens L 223  has an approximately planoconvex form that has a convex surface oriented toward a side opposite to the second object  102  side. The aspheric positive lens L 224  has an approximately planoconvex form that has a convex surface oriented toward a side opposite to the second object  102  side. The aspheric positive lens L 225  has a planoconvex form that has a convex surface oriented toward a side opposite to the second object  102  side. The aspheric positive lens L 226  has an approximately planoconvex form that has a convex surface oriented toward a side opposite to the second object  102  side. The positive lens L 227  has a planoconvex form that has a plane surface oriented toward the second object  102 . 
   A space between the final lens (positive lens L 227 ) and the second object  102  is filled with a fluid (so-called immersion structure). 
   The second deflective reflector FM 2  is arranged between the lens unit L 2 A and the lens unit L 2 B of the second imaging optical system Gr 2 . The present embodiment makes the second deflective reflector FM 2  of a plane mirror for deflecting the light reflected from the first deflective reflector FM 1  in a predetermined direction. 
   The aperture stop  103  is arranged between the positive lens L 222  and the positive lens L 223 . 
   The catadioptric projection optical system  100  of the fifth embodiment uses a projection magnification of ¼, a reference wavelength of 193.0 nm, and quartz as a glass material. An image-side numerical aperture is NA=0.80. An object-image distance (the first object  101  surface to the second object  102  surface) is L=1166.42 mm. An aberration-corrected object point in a range of about 11.25 to 17.00 mm secures a rectangular exposure area of at least 21 mm long and 4 mm wide. 
     FIG. 11  shows a lateral aberration diagram of the catadioptric projection optical system  100  of the fifth embodiment.  FIG. 11  shows a wavelength with a reference wavelength of 193.0 nm±0.2 pm. Understandably, monochrome and chromatic aberrations are satisfactorily corrected.  FIG. 11A  shows a lateral aberration diagram for light from an off-axis area that has an image point of 11.25 mm in the second object  102 . On the other hand,  FIG. 11B  shows a lateral aberration diagram for light from an off-axis area that has an image point of 17.00 mm in the second object  102 . 
   The following Table 5 shows the specification of the numerical example of the catadioptric projection optical system  100  of the fifth embodiment. Symbols in the table are the same as in table 1, and thus a description thereof will be omitted. 
   
     
       
             
           
             
             
             
             
             
           
             
             
             
             
             
           
         
             
               TABLE 5 
             
           
           
             
                 
             
             
               DISTANCE FROM FIRST OBJECT~FIRST 
             
             
               SURFACE: 20.37598 mm 
             
           
        
         
             
                 
                 
                 
               LENS 
                 
             
             
               i 
               ri 
               di 
               MATERIAL 
                 
             
             
                 
             
           
        
         
             
               1 
               203.00558 
               20.22118 
               sio2 
                 
             
             
               2 
               576.42020 
               14.80008 
             
             
               3 
               −492.33864 
               57.61062 
               sio2 
             
             
               4 
               −526.89874 
               112.12301 
             
             
               5 
               400.38641 
               33.18363 
               sio2 
             
             
               6 
               201.39136 
               2.79467 
             
             
               7 
               177.53838 
               45.87089 
               sio2 
             
             
               8 
               202.59248 
               85.13856 
             
             
               9 
               −160.17813 
               57.47088 
               sio2 
             
             
               10 
               −803.98029 
               21.47386 
             
             
               11 
               −1171.17073 
               26.20406 
               sio2 
             
             
               12 
               −703.25100 
               44.88514 
             
             
               13 
               −314.40159 
               −44.88514 
                 
               M1 
             
             
               14 
               −703.25100 
               −26.20406 
               sio2 
             
             
               15 
               −1171.17073 
               −21.47386 
             
             
               16 
               −803.98029 
               −57.47088 
               sio2 
             
             
               17 
               −160.17813 
               −85.13856 
             
             
               18 
               202.59248 
               −45.87089 
               sio2 
             
             
               19 
               177.53838 
               −2.79467 
             
             
               20 
               201.39136 
               −33.18363 
               sio2 
             
             
               21 
               400.38641 
               −97.99940 
             
             
               22 
               0.00000 
               365.16653 
                 
               FM1 
             
             
               23 
               −1280.64351 
               40.58289 
               sio2 
             
             
               24 
               −379.84384 
               11.58554 
             
             
               25 
               1547.35845 
               39.14892 
               sio2 
             
             
               26 
               −1431.76874 
               1.00000 
             
             
               27 
               574.67919 
               32.54781 
               sio2 
             
             
               28 
               1969.61290 
               250.00000 
             
             
               29 
               0.00000 
               −180.80702 
                 
               FM2 
             
             
               30 
               −300.68406 
               −64.71536 
               sio2 
             
             
               31 
               −976.37471 
               −32.95024 
             
             
               32 
               703.10781 
               −64.17712 
               sio2 
             
             
               33 
               −1053.02053 
               −53.71712 
             
             
               34 
               −1997.89113 
               −17.93765 
               sio2 
             
             
               35 
               −237.29539 
               −16.96307 
             
             
               36 
               −313.87481 
               −57.13426 
               sio2 
             
             
               37 
               −260.11951 
               −58.07893 
             
             
               38 
               −600.89121 
               −48.56435 
               sio2 
             
             
               39 
               933.94372 
               −1.44638 
             
             
               40 
               1985.09422 
               −36.16253 
               sio2 
             
             
               41 
               819.94206 
               −1.34286 
             
             
               42 
               1225.43863 
               −30.25000 
               sio2 
             
             
               43 
               612.20246 
               −1.05175 
             
             
               44 
               −367.67108 
               −30.25000 
               sio2 
             
             
               45 
               −453.12488 
               −11.50209 
             
             
               46 
               −576.95966 
               −32.31916 
               sio2 
             
             
               47 
               −1332.57952 
               −14.20687 
             
             
               48 
               0.00000 
               5.00000 
                 
               APERTURE STOP 
             
             
               49 
               −430.84671 
               −53.36681 
               sio2 
             
             
               50 
               −2851.31825 
               −1.06630 
             
             
               51 
               −236.30209 
               −69.58186 
               sio2 
             
             
               52 
               −852.44456 
               −7.43427 
             
             
               53 
               −314.08005 
               −44.77623 
               sio2 
             
             
               54 
               −987.20660 
               −1.60092 
             
             
               55 
               −132.17304 
               −44.26445 
               sio2 
             
             
               56 
               −369.26131 
               −1.00000 
             
             
               57 
               −108.19410 
               −66.62369 
               sio2 
             
             
               58 
               0.00000 
               −0.99904 
               Water 
             
             
                 
             
             
               L = 1166.42 mm 
             
             
               β = ¼ 
             
             
               NA = 1.20 
             
             
               |β1/NAO| = 4.01 
             
             
               |β1 · βf/NAO| = 10.51 
             
             
               |β1| = 1.203 
             
             
               a/b = 0.104 
             
             
               b/c = 0.577 
             
           
        
       
     
   
   
     
       
             
           
             
             
             
             
             
           
             
             
             
             
             
           
             
             
             
             
             
           
             
             
             
             
             
           
         
             
                 
             
             
               ASPHERICAL SURFACES 
             
             
                 
             
           
           
             
                 
             
           
        
         
             
               i 
               K 
               A 
               B 
               C 
             
             
                 
             
           
        
         
             
               7 
               −0.56708348 
               −1.31719659E−08 
               −1.38388173E−13 
               −2.47831946E−17 
             
             
               10 
               −13.33200814 
               −9.98967074E−09 
               −6.02618482E−16 
               −9.03597109E−19 
             
             
               16 
               −13.33200814 
               −9.98967074E−09 
               −6.02618482E−16 
               −9.03597109E−19 
             
             
               19 
               −0.56708348 
               −1.31719659E−08 
               −1.38388173E−13 
               −2.47831946E−17 
             
             
               33 
               −77.72620869 
               −2.03919978E−09 
               6.40857136E−14 
               −6.89800197E−18 
             
             
               34 
               −2.83174721E+02 
               8.59748788E−09 
               −4.12255760E−13 
               7.77740998E−19 
             
             
               38 
               0.93134956 
               7.07462568E−09 
               1.56091721E−13 
               −2.38211794E−18 
             
             
               51 
               −0.16647817 
               1.74765770E−09 
               −1.90710275E−14 
               1.10302904E−18 
             
             
               53 
               0.42251528 
               −1.33193559E−08 
               4.51898986E−13 
               −1.24500113E−17 
             
             
               56 
               −4.33626161 
               −2.90218160E−08 
               −3.59874568E−12 
               2.53930041E−16 
             
             
                 
             
           
        
         
             
               i 
               D 
               E 
               F 
               G 
             
             
                 
             
           
        
         
             
               7 
               −5.00662897E−22 
               −4.72939474E−26 
               5.14339140E−30 
               −5.84124586E−34 
             
             
               10 
               −5.31852156E−23 
               −6.85075303E−28 
               1.03915994E−31 
               −2.53424475E−36 
             
             
               16 
               −5.31852156E−23 
               −6.85075303E−28 
               1.03915994E−31 
               −2.53424475E−36 
             
             
               19 
               −5.00662897E−22 
               −4.72939474E−26 
               5.14339140E−30 
               −5.84124586E−34 
             
             
               33 
               2.87151959E−22 
               −1.54013967E−26 
               4.08972948E−31 
               −4.56093909E−36 
             
             
               34 
               1.09134502E−22 
               −1.56040402E−26 
               4.87756567E−31 
               −5.08642891E−36 
             
             
               38 
               4.34686480E−23 
               4.31971356E−27 
               −1.83352981E−31 
               3.33797362E−36 
             
             
               51 
               3.72407626E−23 
               −1.05704225E−27 
               −2.90604508E−32 
               7.35125593E−37 
             
             
               53 
               1.91257401E−22 
               −8.53376614E−27 
               7.37781006E−31 
               −1.36248923E−35 
             
             
               56 
               −2.38856441E−20 
               7.39620837E−25 
               3.38342785E−29 
               −4.02935536E−33 
             
             
                 
             
           
        
       
     
   
   The catadioptric projection optical system of the present invention reduces the incident angle and the incident angle range of light upon the deflective reflectors (optical path deflective mirror)and can easily control reflection film properties. Moreover, the catadioptric projection optical system of the present invention can obtain a large enough imaging area width with no light shielding at the pupil, and stably achieve the superior imaging performance. Especially, the influence to the imaging performance by reflection film properties that raises a problem at higher NA can be controlled. Moreover, the catadioptric projection optical system of the present invention avoids the interference between the light and the lens, reduces the incident angle range on the plane mirror, thus, achieves easiness of the control of reflection film properties. Additionally, the catadioptric projection optical system of the present invention controls the generation of chromatic coma aberration. 
   Referring now to  FIG. 12 , a description will be given of an exposure apparatus  200  to which the catadioptric projection optical system  100  of the present invention is applied.  FIG. 12  is a schematic sectional view of an exposure apparatus  200  of one aspect according to the present invention. 
   The exposure apparatus  200  is an immersion type exposure apparatus that exposes onto an object  240  a circuit pattern of a reticle  220  via a fluid WT supplied between a final lens surface at the object  240  side of a projection optical system  100  and the object  240  in a step-and-scan manner or step-and-repeat manner. Such an exposure apparatus is suitable for a sub-micron or quarter-micron lithography process. The instant embodiment exemplarily describes a step-and-scan exposure apparatus (which is also called “scanner”). “The step-and-scan manner”, as is used herein, is an exposure method that exposes a reticle pattern onto a wafer by continuously scanning the wafer relative to the reticle, and by moving, after a shot of exposure, the wafer stepwise to the next exposure area to be shot. “The step-and-repeat manner” is another mode of exposure method that moves a wafer stepwise to an exposure area for the next shot every short of cell projection. 
   The exposure apparatus  200  includes, as shown in  FIG. 12 , an illumination apparatus  210 , a reticle stage  230 , the catadioptric projection optical system  100 , a wafer stage  250 , a fluid supply-recovery mechanism  260 , and a controller (not shown). The controller (not shown) can control and connects with the illumination apparatus  210 , the reticle stage  230 , the wafer stage  250 , and the fluid supply-recovery mechanism  260 . 
   The illumination apparatus  210  illuminates the reticle  220  that forms the circuit pattern to be transferred, and includes a light source unit  212  and the illumination optical system  214 . 
   The light source unit  212 , as an example, uses a light source such as ArF excimer laser with a wavelength of approximately 193 [nm] and KrF excimer laser with a wavelength of approximately 248 [nm]. However, the laser type is not limited to excimer lasers because for example, F 2  laser with a wavelength of approximately 157 [nm] and a YAG laser may be used. Similarly, the number of laser units is not limited. For example, two independently acting solid lasers would cause no coherence between these solid lasers and significantly reduces speckles resulting from the coherence. An optical system for reducing speckles may swing linearly or rotationally. A light source applicable for the light source unit  212  is not limited to a laser, and may use one or more lamps such as a mercury lamp and a xenon lamp. 
   The illumination optical system  214  is an optical system that illuminates the reticle  220 , and includes a lens, a mirror, an optical integrator, a stop, and the like, for example, a condenser lens, an optical integrator, an aperture stop, a condenser lens, a slit, and an image-forming optical system in this order. The illumination optical system  214  can use any light regardless of whether it is on-axial or off-axial light. The optical integrator may include a fly-eye lens or an integrator formed by stacking two sets of cylindrical lens array plates (or lenticular lenses), and be replaced with an optical rod or a diffractive element. 
   The reticle  220  is, for example, reflection or penetration reticle, and forms the circuit pattern to be transferred. The reticle  220  is supported and driven by the reticle stage  230 . Diffracted light emitted from the reticle  220  passes the catadioptric projection optical system  230  and is then projected onto the plate  540 . The reticle  220  and the object  240  are located in an optically conjugate relationship. Since the exposure apparatus  200  of the instant embodiment is a scanner, the reticle  220  and the object  240  are scanned at the speed of the reduction ratio. Thus, the pattern on the reticle  220  is transferred to the object  240 . If it is a step-and-repeat exposure apparatus (referred to as a “stepper”), the reticle  220  and the object  240  remain still in exposing the reticle pattern. 
   The reticle stage  230  supports the reticle  220  via a reticle chuck (not shown), and is connected to a moving mechanism (not shown). The moving mechanism includes a linear motor, etc., and moves the reticle  220  by driving the reticle stage  230  at least in a direction X. The exposure apparatus  200  scans the reticle  220  and the object  240  synchronously by the controller (not shown). Here, X is a scan direction on the reticle  220  or the object  240 , Y is a direction perpendicular to it, and Z is a perpendicular direction to the surface of reticle  220  or the object  240 . 
   The catadioptric projection optical system  100  is a catadioptric projection optical system that projects the pattern on the reticle  220  onto the image surface. The catadioptric projection optical system  100  can apply any embodiments as above-mentioned, and a detailed description will be omitted. 
   The object  240  is, in the instant embodiment, a wafer, which includes a glass plate for the liquid crystal substrate and other objects. Photoresist is applied to the object  240 . 
   The wafer stage  250  supports the object  240  via a wafer chuck (not shown). The wafer stage  250  moves the object  250  in X-Y-Z directions by using a linear motor similar to the reticle stage  230 . The positions of the reticle stage  230  and wafer stage  250  are monitored, for example, by a laser interferometer and the like, so that both are driven at a constant speed ratio. The wafer stage  250  is installed on a stage stool supported on the floor and the like, for example, via a dumper, and the reticle stage  230  and the catadioptric projection optical system  100  are installed on a lens barrel stool (not shown) supported, for example, via a dumper to the base frame placed on the floor. 
   The fluid supply-recovery mechanism  260  supplies the fluid WT between the catadioptric projection optical system  100  and the object  240 , which in detail means between the final lens surface at the object  240  side of the catadioptric projection optical system  100  (optical element arranged on the object  240  side final edge of the catadioptric projection optical system  100 ) and recovers the supplied fluid WT. In other words, the space formed on the catadioptric projection optical system  100  and the surface of the object  240  is filled with the fluid WT supplied from the fluid supply-recovery mechanism  260 . The fluid WT is, in the instant embodiment, pure water. However, the fluid WT is not limited to pure water, can use a fluid that has high transmittance property and refractive index property for a wavelength of the exposure light, and high chemical stability to the catadioptric projection optical system  100  and the photoresist spread on the object  240 . For example, fluorine system inert fluid may be used. 
   The controller (not shown) includes a CPU and memory (not shown) and controls operation of the exposure apparatus  200 . The controller is electrically connected to the illumination apparatus  210 , (the moving mechanism (not shown) for) the reticle stage  230 , (the moving mechanism (not shown) for) the wafer stage  250 , and the fluid supply-recovery mechanism  260 . The controller controls the supply and recover of the fluid WT, switch of stop, and supply and recover amount of the fluid WT based on a condition such as a drive direction of the wafer stage  250  during the exposure. The CPU includes a processor regardless of its name, such as an MPU, and controls each module. The memory includes a ROM and RAM, and stores a firmware for controlling the operations of the exposure apparatus  200 . 
   In exposure, light is emitted from the light source unit  212 , e.g., Koehler-illuminated the reticle  220  via the illumination optical system  214 . Light that passes through the reticle  220  and reflects the reticle pattern is imaged onto the object  240  by the catadioptric projection optical system  100 . The catadioptric projection optical system  100  used for the exposure apparatus  200  has a superior imaging performance, and can provide devices, such as semiconductor chips, such as LSIs and VLSIs, CCDs, LCDs, magnetic sensors, and thin-film magnetic heads, with high throughput and economic efficiency. 
   Referring now to  FIGS. 13 and 14 , a description will be given of an embodiment of a device fabrication method using the above mentioned exposure apparatus  200 .  FIG. 13  is a flowchart for explaining how to fabricate devices (i.e., semiconductor chips such as IC and LSI, LCDs, CCDs, and the like). Here, a description will be given of the fabrication of a semiconductor chip as an example. Step.  1  (circuit design) designs a semiconductor device circuit. Step  2  (reticle fabrication) forms a reticle having a designed circuit pattern. Step  3  (wafer making) manufactures a wafer using materials such as silicon. Step  4  (wafer process), which is also referred to as a pretreatment, forms the actual circuitry on the wafer through lithography using the reticle and wafer. Step  5  (assembly), which is also referred to as a post-treatment, forms into a semiconductor chip the wafer formed in Step  4  and includes an assembly step (e.g., dicing, bonding), a packaging step (chip sealing), and the like. Step  6  (inspection) performs various tests on the semiconductor device made in Step  5 , such as a validity test and a durability test. Through these steps, a semiconductor device is finished and shipped (Step  7 ). 
     FIG. 14  is a detailed flowchart of the wafer process in Step  4 . Step  11  (oxidation) oxidizes the wafer&#39;s surface. Step  12  (CVD) forms an insulating layer on the wafer&#39;s surface. Step  13  (electrode formation) forms electrodes on the wafer by vapor disposition and the like. Step  14  (ion implantation) implants ions into the wafer. Step  15  (resist process) applies a photosensitive material onto the wafer. Step  16  (exposure) uses the exposure apparatus  200  to expose a circuit pattern from the reticle onto the wafer. Step  17  (development) develops the exposed wafer. Step  18  (etching) etches parts other than a developed resist image. Step  19  (resist stripping) removes unused resist after etching. These steps are repeated to form multi-layer circuit patterns on the wafer. The device fabrication method of this embodiment may manufacture higher quality devices than the conventional one. Thus, the device fabrication method using the exposure apparatus  200 , and resultant devices constitute one aspect of the present invention. 
   Furthermore, the present invention is not limited to these preferred embodiments and various variations and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. For example, the present invention can be applied to an exposure apparatus other than the immersion exposure apparatus. 
   This application claims a foreign priority benefit based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2004-309129, filed on Oct. 25, 2004, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety as if fully set forth herein.