PATENT ABSTRACT
Projection objectives, as well as related components, systems and methods, are disclosed. In general, a projection objective is configured to image radiation from an object plane to an image plane. A projection objective can include a plurality of optical elements along the optical axis. The plurality of optical elements can include a group of optical elements and a last optical element which is closest to the image plane, and a positioning device configured to move the last optical element relative to the image plane. Typically, a projection objective is configured to be used in a microlithography projection exposure machine.

PATENT DESCRIPTION
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
       [0001]    The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/265,090, filed on Nov. 5, 2008, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/955,662 filed on Dec. 13, 2007, which application was a continuation of International Patent application PCT/EP2006/005059 filed on May 26, 2006, which designates the United States and which claims priority of U.S. provisional application No. 60/690,544, filed Jun. 14, 2005. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    The invention relates to a lithography projection objective for imaging a pattern arranged in an object plane of the projection objective onto a substrate to be arranged in an image plane of the projection objective. 
         [0003]    The invention further relates to a method for correcting image defects in the case of a lithography projection objective that can be tuned to immersion operation. 
         [0004]    A projection objective of the type mentioned at the beginning is preferably used for microlithography projection exposure machines for producing semiconductor components and other finely structured subassemblies. A projection objective serves the purpose of projecting patterns from photomasks or graticules, which are also designated as masks or reticles, onto an object, that is to say a substrate, coated with a photosensitive layer, or onto a semiconductor wafer coated with photoresist, with very high resolution. 
         [0005]    The resolution of the imaging of the pattern by the projection objective is proportional to the wavelength of the light used, and inversely proportional to the image-side numerical aperture of the projection objective. The resolution can therefore be improved with the aid of shorter wavelengths and higher numerical apertures. The numerical aperture NA is given by NA=n·sin Θ, n being the refractive index of the medium between the substrate and the last optical element of the projection objective. 
         [0006]    Hitherto, use has predominantly been made of projection objectives in the case of which there exists in the image space between the exit surface of the last optical element of the projection objective and the image plane a finite working distance that is filled during operation with air or another suitable gas. Such systems are designated as “dry systems” or “dry objectives”. The working distance between the last optical element and the substrate is generally filled in this case with helium, nitrogen or another gas or a gas mixture with a refractive index n of approximately 1. 
         [0007]    It follows from the previously mentioned relationship between the resolution and the image-side numerical aperture that the resolution can be raised when an immersion medium of high refractive index is introduced into the working distance between the exit surface of the last optical element and the substrate. This technique is designated as immersion lithography. A projection objective of this type is also designated as an “immersion system” or “immersion objective”. Some refractive projection objectives that are suitable for immersion lithography and have image-side numerical apertures NA&gt;1 are disclosed in the patent applications DE 102 10 899 and PCT/EP02/04846 of the same applicant. 
         [0008]    A further advantage of an immersion objective consists in the possibility of obtaining a larger depth of field of the imaging in conjunction with the same numerical aperture as for a dry objective. This advantage is used in the projection objectives according to the invention. 
         [0009]    In the case of an immersion objective, instead of being filled with a gas, the space between the exit surface of the last optical element of the projection objective and the substrate, which determines the working distance, is filled with an immersion medium of a refractive index substantially greater than 1. An immersion medium normally used at present is water, but it is possible, particularly within the scope of the present invention, to select other immersion media in accordance with needs and suitability. 
         [0010]    Document EP 1 431 826 A2, which stems from the same applicant, describes how simple design means and manipulations can be used to tune a projection objective between a dry operation (dry configuration) and an immersion operation (immersion configuration). The projection objective described there has a multiplicity of optical elements that are arranged along an optical axis of the projection objective, the optical elements comprising a first group, following the object plane, of optical elements and a last optical element that follows the first group, is next to the image plane and defines an exit surface of the projection objective that is arranged at a working distance from the image plane. The last optical element is substantially free from refractive power and has no sag or only a slight one. The tuning method described there comprises varying the thickness of the last optical element, changing the refractive index of the space between the exit surface of the last optical element and the substrate by introducing or removing an immersion medium, and moreover preferably an axial displacement of the last optical element for the purpose of setting a suitable working distance in the dry operation of the projection objective. Moreover, it is provided to refine the tuning to the dry configuration or the immersion configuration by changing the air spaces between individual optical elements of the first group or by providing or varying aspheres. 
         [0011]    The projection objective of the present invention can likewise be tuned between a dry configuration and an immersion configuration. 
         [0012]    However, the present invention is based on a further aspect of such a projection objective that can be tuned between the dry configuration and the immersion configuration. 
         [0013]    A temperature change usually occurs during operation of a projection objective. This can be global, homogenous or else local. For example, the air around the projection objective, the projection objective housing, the individual mounts of the optical elements, the optical elements themselves and the air or the gas inside the projection objective and, during immersion operation, the immersion liquid can heat up. 
         [0014]    It has emerged that temperature changes have a different effect with regard to spherical image defects on a projection objective during immersion operation than on a projection objective in the dry configuration. In other words, dry objectives and immersion objectives differ from one another with regard to their sensitivity to temperature changes. 
         [0015]    In the case of a projection objective in dry configuration, such spherical aberrations induced by temperature changes can be at least largely compensated even in the relatively high order by simply refocusing in which only the position of the substrate is adjusted in the direction of the optical axis. Specifically, a change in the working distance between the exit surface of the last optical element and the substrate leads in the case of a projection objective in dry configuration to very similar aberrations such as heating up of the projection objective, and so the aberrations induced by the heating up can be at least largely compensated by an appropriately directed displacement of the substrate, usually in conjunction with heating up, in a direction away from the last optical element. 
         [0016]    It came out that this mode of procedure, specifically a correction of image defects on the basis of temperature changes solely by adjusting the position of the substrate does not lead in the case of a projection objective in immersion configuration to the result as in the case of a projection objective in dry configuration, that is to say in the case of such a focusing correction in which the Zernike coefficient Z 4  is compensated to zero, higher spherical Zernike coefficients Z 9 , Z 16 , Z 25 , . . . remain and impair the imaging properties of the projection objective in immersion configuration. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0017]    It is the object of the invention to improve a projection objective that can be or is tuned to immersion operation with regard to its imaging properties or with regard to the correctability of image defects that are caused by a disturbance during immersion operation, such as a change in temperature, for example. 
         [0018]    It is also the object of the invention to specify a method for correcting image defects of a projection objective that can be or is tuned to immersion operation, which can be carried out with the aid of simple means. 
         [0019]    According to the invention, a lithography projection objective according to claim  1  is provided for achieving the first mentioned object. 
         [0020]    According to the invention, a method for correcting aberrations in the case of a projection objective that can be, or is, tuned to immersion operation is specified according to claim  29  for the purpose of achieving the object mentioned in the second instance. 
         [0021]    A lithography projection objective according to the invention for imaging a pattern to be arranged in an object plane of the projection objective onto a substrate to be arranged in an image plane of the projection objective has a multiplicity of optical elements that are arranged along an optical axis of the projection objective. The optical elements comprise a first group, following the object plane, of optical elements, and a last optical element, which follows the first group and is next to the image plane and which defines an exit surface of the projection objective and is arranged at a working distance from the image plane. The projection objective can be or is tuned with respect to aberrations for the case that the volume between the last optical element and the image plane is filled by an immersion medium with a refractive index substantially greater than 1. The position of the last optical element can be adjusted in the direction of the optical axis. A positioning device is provided that positions at least the last optical element during immersion operation such that aberrations induced by a disturbance caused by the operation of the projection objective are at least partially compensated. 
         [0022]    The method according to the invention for correcting image defects in the case of a lithography projection objective that can be, or is, tuned to immersion operation comprises the step, in the event of a disturbance arising during immersion operation of the projection objective, of positioning at least the last optical element such that aberrations induced by the disturbance are at least partially compensated. 
         [0023]    A disturbance in the case of the abovementioned projection objective or the abovementioned method is, for example, a change in temperature. The present invention is based on the finding that in the event of a change in temperature owing to heating up of the projection objective the working distance between the exit surface of the last optical element and the substrate is varied by the thermal expansion of the projection objective. However, since the immersion medium is located between the last optical element and the substrate during immersion operation, this change in the working distance leads to other sensitivities of the projection objective during immersion operation than by comparison with dry operation. In dry operation of the projection objective, the change in working distance has no influence on the aberrations, while the changed working distance, and thus the changed layer thickness of the immersion liquid during immersion operation, induces additional aberrations. These additional aberrations during immersion operation cannot be compensated solely by displacing the substrate in the direction of the optical axis, as in the case of the dry objective. 
         [0024]    An instance of “disturbance” in the meaning of the present invention can also be one that is not caused by temperature, but is based, for example, on bubble formation in the immersion liquid, unevenness of the wafer surface, a locally differing wafer thickness or other geometry errors, and which renders refocusing necessary. This refocusing can be accomplished by displacing the wafer stage and/or displacing optical elements in the direction of the optical axis. 
         [0025]    The inventive solution to this problem now consists, in the event of a disturbance, in positioning at least also the last optical element such that aberrations induced by the disturbance are at least partially compensated via the positioning of the last optical element. In particular, and preferably, by means of positioning of the last optical element the volume filled with the immersion medium, which can change in the event of disturbance such as a thermal expansion, can be set by means of the positioning device such that the aberrations induced by the disturbance, in particular aberrations of higher order, are at least largely compensated. By contrast with refocusing solely by adjusting the position of the substrate in the direction of the optical axis in the case of a projection objective during dry operation, now at least also the position of the last optical element is adjusted in the direction of the optical axis in order to keep the working distance, and thus the layer thickness of the immersion medium, preferably at a nominal value, while the gas-filled or air-filled space between the last optical element and the penultimate optical element of the projection objective is kept variable. 
         [0026]    It is preferably also possible to adjust the position of the substrate in the direction of the optical axis, and the positioning device adjusts the last optical element in a ratio correlated with the adjustment of the position of the substrate. In particular, the ratio between the adjustment of the position of the substrate and the adjustment of the position of the last optical element can be selected to be 1:1. 
         [0027]    With this type of “alternative focusing” in the immersion system by comparison with focussing in the dry system, the same focussing sensitivities are achieved in the immersion objective as in the case of focusing in the dry objective, in which only the substrate is displaced without adjusting the position of the last optical element in the direction of the optical axis. 
         [0028]    Depending on requirement and degree of optimization, the ratio between the adjustment of the position of the substrate and the adjustment of the position of the last optical element can also be selected to be greater than or less than 1:1. 
         [0029]    For the purpose of further optimizing the imaging properties of the projection objective during immersion operation, it is preferred in a first step to adjust only the position of the last optical element in the direction of the optical axis in order to restore a predetermined desired working distance, and in a second step the position of the last optical element and the position of the substrate are adjusted in the direction of the optical axis, preferably in the ratio of 1:1. 
         [0030]    It is also possible here to interchange the first step and the second step in the sequence, or it can be provided to carry out these two steps in an interlocking fashion. 
         [0031]    It has emerged that optimum corrections of the imaging properties, in particular even in higher orders of the spherical aberrations, that correspond to the achievable corrections in the dry configuration can be achieved by controlling the working distance filled with immersion medium to a nominal value that corresponds, for example, to the optimum value which is pre-calculated in the cold state of the projection objective, and the refocusing, as mentioned above, by simultaneously adjusting the position of the substrate and of the last optical element in the ratio of preferably 1:1. 
         [0032]    The working distance is preferably measured before and/or during operation of the projection objective, in order to enable permanent control of the working distance. The respective measurement results are then used to adjust the position of the last optical element and/or of the substrate. 
         [0033]    The measuring device preferably cooperates with an actuator in order to regulate the working distance to a nominal value. This enables unchanging optimum imaging properties of the projection objective during operation of the projection objective, that is to say the projection objective is capable of reacting to any sort of disturbance, for example changes in temperature, without manipulations from outside. 
         [0034]    In a preferred alternative, it is also possible to proceed such that the position of the last optical element is adjusted so that aberrations can subsequently be at least largely compensated solely by adjusting the position of the substrate. 
         [0035]    In this mode of procedure, the temperature sensitivities of the projection objective are therefore adapted during immersion operation such that, as in dry operation, they are again compatible with the sensitivities that exist from solely adjusting the substrate. 
         [0036]    In the case of the projection objective, the last optical element is preferably assigned at least one actuator for adjusting the position of the last optical element in the direction of the optical axis. 
         [0037]    Alternatively or cumulatively, the positioning device can have a mount for the last optical element that, upon heating up, moves the last optical element in a direction running counter to the thermal expansion of the projection objective. 
         [0038]    This type of mounting technique for the last optical element with the use of materials with various coefficients of thermal expansion advantageously ensures that despite thermal expansion of the projection objective the working distance between the last optical element and the substrate can be kept at least approximately at the nominal value. This renders it possible even without additional actuators to compensate the aberrations induced by disturbance, or these are already avoided from the beginning. 
         [0039]    In accordance with further preferred measures specified in the claims, the projection objective according to the invention can be tuned between dry operation and immersion operation. 
         [0040]    Further advantages and features emerge from the following description and the attached drawing. 
         [0041]    It is self-evident that the abovementioned features which are still to be explained below can be used not only in the combination respectively specified, but also in other combinations or on their own without departing from the scope of the present invention. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0042]    Exemplary embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawing and explained in yet more detail here with reference thereto. In the drawing: 
           [0043]      FIG. 1  shows a schematic projection objective in immersion configuration; 
           [0044]      FIG. 2  shows the projection objective in  FIG. 1  in dry configuration; 
           [0045]      FIG. 3  shows a bar diagram for illustrating the influence of a displacement of the substrate in the direction of the optical axis on a wavefront change in a comparison between the projection objective in  FIG. 2  (dry configuration) and the projection objective in  FIG. 1  (immersion configuration); 
           [0046]      FIG. 4  shows a bar diagram in which the fractions of higher spherical aberrations (Z 9 , Z 16 , Z 25 , Z 36 ) in relation to the Z 4  fraction of the spherical aberration are illustrated by comparison with the projection objective in  FIG. 2  and the projection objective in  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0047]      FIG. 5  shows a bar diagram that shows the temperature sensitivities of the projection objective in  FIG. 2  in comparison with the temperature sensitivities of the projection objective in  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0048]      FIG. 6  shows a bar diagram that illustrates the temperature sensitivities of the projection objective in  FIG. 2  in comparison with those of the projection objective in  FIG. 1  with and without correction of the Z 4  fraction of the spherical aberration to the value zero; 
           [0049]      FIGS. 7   a ) and  b ) show a detail of the projection objective in  FIG. 1  in two different states; 
           [0050]      FIG. 8  shows a bar diagram similar to  FIG. 6  although aberrations of higher order are illustrated after an identical displacement of the last optical element and the substrate for the projection objective in  FIG. 1  in accordance with  FIG. 7   b ) (the ratio between the adjustment of the position of the substrate and the adjustment of the position of the last optical element being equal to 1:1); 
           [0051]      FIG. 9  shows a bar diagram, comparable to the bar diagram in  FIG. 8 , after a further error correction of the projection objective in  FIG. 1  (the ratio between the adjustment of the position of the substrate and the adjustment of the position of the last optical element not being equal to 1:1); 
           [0052]      FIG. 10  shows a schematic of a mount for the last optical element that compensates or overcompensates a temperature-induced change in the working distance; 
           [0053]      FIG. 11  shows an embodiment of a projection objective in immersion configuration, in which the present invention can be used; and 
           [0054]      FIG. 12  shows a further embodiment of a projection objective in immersion configuration in which the present invention can likewise be implemented. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0055]      FIG. 1  illustrates a projection objective, provided with the general reference numeral  10 , in immersion configuration. 
         [0056]    The projection objective  10  is used for the microlithographic production of semiconductor components and other finely structured subassemblies. The projection objective operated with ultraviolet light from the deep UV region (for example 193 nm) serves to image onto a substrate  14 , which is arranged in an image plane  15  of the projection objective  10 , a pattern  12  of a photomask (reticle) that is arranged in an object plane  13  of the projection objective. 
         [0057]    The projection objective  10  has a multiplicity of optical elements in the form of lenses, but can also have both lenses and mirrors. 
         [0058]    The optical elements are arranged along an optical axis  16  of the projection objective  10 . 
         [0059]    The optical elements comprise a first group  18  of optical elements that follow the object plane  13  or the pattern  12 . Three optical elements  18   a ,  18   b  and  18   c  of the first group  18  are illustrated by way of example in  FIG. 1 . 
         [0060]    The optical elements further comprise a last optical element  20  that follows the first group  18  and is closest to the substrate  14  or the image plane  15 . 
         [0061]    The last optical element  20  is illustrated in  FIG. 1  as a plane-parallel plate. However, the last optical element  20  can also respectively have on the entrance side and exit side a radius of curvature that are, however, only so large that aspheric aberrations induced by the displacement of the optical element  20  in the direction of the optical axis  16  are sufficiently small. 
         [0062]    Like the optical elements of the first group, the last optical element  20  can be made from synthetic quartz glass. Furthermore, the last optical element  20  can also comprise a number of components in the direction of the optical axis. 
         [0063]    An exit surface  22 , facing the image plane  15 , of the last optical element  20  also simultaneously forms the exit surface of the projection objective  10 . 
         [0064]    A distance between the exit surface  22  of the last optical element  20  and the surface of the substrate  14  defines a working distance  24 . 
         [0065]    The last optical element  20  is spaced sufficiently far away, for example, by a few millimeters, from the first group  18  of optical elements, such that the position of the last optical element  20  can be adequately adjusted in the direction of the optical axis  16 . 
         [0066]    The working distance  24  between the last optical element  20  and the substrate  14  is filled with an immersion medium  26 . The immersion medium  26  is, for example, an immersion liquid, for example water, that has a refractive index of n≈1.437 given an operating wavelength of λ=193 nm. 
         [0067]    In the configuration illustrated in  FIG. 1 , the projection objective  10  is designed for immersion operation, that is to say, with reference to the aberrations produced, it is designed for, that is to say tuned to, the presence of the immersion medium  26  at the working distance  24 . 
         [0068]      FIG. 2  shows the projection objective  10  in  FIG. 1  in its dry configuration. The transition of the projection objective  10  in  FIG. 1  (immersion configuration) to its dry configuration in  FIG. 2  will firstly be described. 
         [0069]    Starting with  FIG. 1 , the projection objective  10  is transformed as follows into its dry configuration. The immersion medium  26  is removed from the image space in a first step. This measure does not change the correction state before entry into the terminal element or into the last optical element  20  and at the exit of the terminal element  20 . However, by removing the highly refractive, plane-parallel layer made from the immersion medium  26  from the image space, the overcorrecting effect thereof is taken away such that the correction state in the image plane  15  corresponds to the undercorrected correction state at the exit surface  22 . 
         [0070]    In a further step, the thickness of the last optical element  20  is enlarged. In this case, the overcorrecting effect thereof increases with the rising thickness. In accordance with the refractive index of the plate material, the thickness is selected to be so wide that the overcorrection effected by the thicker plate, which now forms the last optical element  20 , largely compensates the undercorrected correction state at the entrance to the last optical element  20 . 
         [0071]    In two further steps, a larger working distance  24  by comparison with the immersion configuration in  FIG. 1  is set by axially displacing the last optical element  20  in the direction of the first group  18 . This can be performed by axially displacing the last optical element  20  with the aid of a z-manipulator that can be driven electrically or in another way. It is also possible to mount the last optical element  20  individually and to use spacers to set a suitable spacing between the mounts of the first group  18  and the mount of the last optical element  20  by removing and/or installing spacers. Since the plane-parallel plate  20  is as free from refractive power as possible and does not sag, this axial displacement can be carried out without this having a measurable influence on the aberrations of the projection objective  10 . 
         [0072]    Furthermore, at least one of the lenses, for example the negative lens  18   b , in the first group  18  is mounted such that it can be displaced axially with the aid of a z-manipulator. A residual error can be compensated in this case by slightly displacing the lens  18   b  in the direction of the object plane such that the completely tuned projection objective  10  in dry configuration has a sufficiently good correction state at the light exit. 
         [0073]    The last-mentioned step, specifically the fine tuning with the aid of at least one manipulatable or variable optical element of the first group  18  can frequently be required in order to be able to meet tight specifications. In the event of lesser requirements, the first-mentioned steps (changing the refractive index in the image space by introducing or removing an immersion medium, varying the thickness of the last element  20 , and displacing the last element  20  in order to change the working distance  24 ) can suffice in order to achieve a reconfiguration between immersion configuration and dry configuration (or vice versa). 
         [0074]    It is described below how a disturbance or interference in the form of a temperature change affects the projection objective  10  in dry configuration ( FIG. 2 ), and how the same disturbance affects the projection objective  10  in immersion configuration ( FIG. 1 ), and how aberrations induced by the disturbance can be corrected. 
         [0075]    Firstly, the fact is that the response of the projection objective  10  to an identical disturbance in the dry configuration and in the immersion configuration is virtually identical if, firstly, the presence of the immersion medium  26  is discounted. Such disturbance is encountered with the projection objective  10  in the dry configuration by adjusting the position of the substrate  14  in the direction of the optical axis  16  in order thereby to carry out a focus correction such that the Zernike coefficient Z 4  vanishes in the middle of the field. 
         [0076]    A displacement of the substrate  14  in the direction of the optical axis  16  by the amount ΔZ (compare  FIGS. 1 and 2 ) leads in both systems to a wavefront change OPD for which it holds that: 
         [0000]    
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     
                       OPD 
                       
                         Δ 
                          
                         
                             
                         
                          
                         z 
                       
                     
                      
                     
                       ( 
                       ρ 
                       ) 
                     
                   
                   = 
                   
                     Δ 
                      
                     
                         
                     
                      
                     
                       z 
                       · 
                       n 
                     
                      
                     
                       
                         
                           1 
                           - 
                           
                             
                               
                                 ( 
                                 
                                   NA 
                                   n 
                                 
                                 ) 
                               
                               2 
                             
                              
                             
                               ρ 
                               2 
                             
                           
                         
                       
                       . 
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   ( 
                   1 
                   ) 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
         [0077]    Here, n is the refractive index at the working distance  24 , that is to say n≈1.000 for air in the dry configuration, or n≈1.437 for water in the immersion configuration for a given wavelength λ=193 nm. ρ is the normalized radial pupil coordinate. 
         [0078]    The wavefront change OPD Δz in accordance with equation (1) can be developed in the customary way using Zernike polynomials: 
         [0000]        OPD   Δz (ρ)=Δ z ·( f   4 (NA, n )· Z 4(ρ)+ f   9 (NA, n )· Z 9(ρ)+ f   16 (NA, n )· Z 16(ρ)+ f   25 (NA, n )· Z 25(ρ)+ f   36 (NA, n )· Z 36(ρ))  (2) 
         [0079]    The following Zernike coefficients Δz·f i (NA, n) with NA′=NA/n are then yielded analytically in this expansion: 
         [0000]    
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                       
                   
                    
                   
                     
                       
                         f 
                         4 
                       
                        
                       
                         ( 
                         
                           NA 
                           , 
                           n 
                         
                         ) 
                       
                     
                     = 
                     
                       n 
                       · 
                       
                         
                           4 
                           - 
                           
                             NA 
                             ′2 
                           
                           - 
                           
                             
                               
                                 1 
                                 - 
                                 
                                   NA 
                                   ′2 
                                 
                               
                             
                              
                             
                               ( 
                               
                                 4 
                                 - 
                                 
                                   3 
                                    
                                   
                                       
                                   
                                    
                                   
                                     NA 
                                     ′2 
                                   
                                 
                                 - 
                                 
                                   NA 
                                   ′4 
                                 
                               
                               ) 
                             
                           
                         
                         
                           
                             5 
                             2 
                           
                            
                           
                             NA 
                             ′4 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   ( 
                   3 
                   ) 
                 
               
             
             
               
                 
                   
                       
                   
                    
                   
                     
                       
                         f 
                         9 
                       
                        
                       
                         ( 
                         
                           NA 
                           , 
                           n 
                         
                         ) 
                       
                     
                     = 
                     
                       n 
                       · 
                       
                         
                           
                             
                               
                                 48 
                                 - 
                                 
                                   84 
                                    
                                   
                                       
                                   
                                    
                                   
                                     NA 
                                     ′2 
                                   
                                 
                                 + 
                                 
                                   35 
                                    
                                   
                                       
                                   
                                    
                                   
                                     NA 
                                     ′4 
                                   
                                 
                                 - 
                               
                             
                           
                           
                             
                               
                                 
                                   
                                     1 
                                     - 
                                     
                                       NA 
                                       ′2 
                                     
                                   
                                 
                                  
                                 
                                   ( 
                                   
                                     48 
                                     - 
                                     
                                       60 
                                        
                                       
                                           
                                       
                                        
                                       
                                         NA 
                                         ′2 
                                       
                                     
                                     + 
                                     
                                       11 
                                        
                                       
                                           
                                       
                                        
                                       
                                         NA 
                                         ′4 
                                       
                                     
                                     + 
                                     
                                       NA 
                                       ′6 
                                     
                                   
                                   ) 
                                 
                               
                             
                           
                         
                         
                           
                             21 
                             2 
                           
                            
                           
                             NA 
                             ′6 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   ( 
                   4 
                   ) 
                 
               
             
             
               
                 
                   
                       
                   
                    
                   
                     
                       
                         f 
                         16 
                       
                        
                       
                         ( 
                         
                           NA 
                           , 
                           n 
                         
                         ) 
                       
                     
                     = 
                     
                       n 
                       · 
                       
                         
                           
                             
                               
                                 320 
                                 - 
                                 
                                   720 
                                    
                                   
                                       
                                   
                                    
                                   
                                     NA 
                                     ′2 
                                   
                                 
                                 + 
                                 
                                   504 
                                    
                                   
                                       
                                   
                                    
                                   
                                     N 
                                     ′4 
                                   
                                 
                                 - 
                                 
                                   105 
                                    
                                   
                                       
                                   
                                    
                                   
                                     NA 
                                     ′6 
                                   
                                 
                                 - 
                               
                             
                           
                           
                             
                               
                                 
                                   
                                     1 
                                     - 
                                     
                                       NA 
                                       ′2 
                                     
                                   
                                 
                                  
                                 
                                   ( 
                                   
                                     
                                       
                                         
                                           320 
                                           - 
                                           
                                             560 
                                              
                                             
                                                 
                                             
                                              
                                             
                                               NA 
                                               ′2 
                                             
                                           
                                           + 
                                           
                                             264 
                                              
                                             
                                                 
                                             
                                              
                                             
                                               NA 
                                               ′4 
                                             
                                           
                                           - 
                                         
                                       
                                     
                                     
                                       
                                         
                                           
                                             23 
                                              
                                             
                                                 
                                             
                                              
                                             
                                               NA 
                                               ′6 
                                             
                                           
                                           - 
                                           
                                             NA 
                                             ′8 
                                           
                                         
                                       
                                     
                                   
                                   ) 
                                 
                               
                             
                           
                         
                         
                           
                             45 
                             2 
                           
                            
                           
                             NA 
                             ′8 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   ( 
                   5 
                   ) 
                 
               
             
             
               
                 
                   
                     
                       f 
                       25 
                     
                      
                     
                       ( 
                       
                         NA 
                         , 
                         n 
                       
                       ) 
                     
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
                       n 
                       · 
                       
                         
                           
                             
                               
                                 1792 
                                 - 
                                 
                                   4928 
                                    
                                   
                                       
                                   
                                    
                                   
                                     NA 
                                     ′2 
                                   
                                 
                                 + 
                                 
                                   4752 
                                    
                                   
                                       
                                   
                                    
                                   
                                     NA 
                                     ′4 
                                   
                                 
                                 - 
                               
                             
                           
                           
                             
                               
                                 
                                   1848 
                                    
                                   
                                       
                                   
                                    
                                   
                                     NA 
                                     ′6 
                                   
                                 
                                 + 
                                 
                                   231 
                                    
                                   
                                       
                                   
                                    
                                   
                                     NA 
                                     ′8 
                                   
                                 
                               
                             
                           
                         
                         
                           
                             77 
                             2 
                           
                            
                           
                             NA 
                             ′10 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                     - 
                     
                       
                         n 
                         · 
                         
                           
                             1 
                             - 
                             
                               NA 
                               ′2 
                             
                           
                         
                       
                        
                       
                         
                           ( 
                           
                             
                               
                                 
                                   1792 
                                   - 
                                   
                                     4032 
                                      
                                     
                                         
                                     
                                      
                                     
                                       NA 
                                       ′2 
                                     
                                   
                                   + 
                                   
                                     2960 
                                      
                                     
                                         
                                     
                                      
                                     
                                       NA 
                                       ′4 
                                     
                                   
                                   - 
                                 
                               
                             
                             
                               
                                 
                                   
                                     760 
                                      
                                     
                                         
                                     
                                      
                                     
                                       NA 
                                       ′6 
                                     
                                   
                                   + 
                                   
                                     39 
                                      
                                     
                                         
                                     
                                      
                                     
                                       NA 
                                       ′8 
                                     
                                   
                                   + 
                                   
                                     NA 
                                     ′10 
                                   
                                 
                               
                             
                           
                           ) 
                         
                         
                           
                             77 
                             2 
                           
                            
                           
                             NA 
                             ′10 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   ( 
                   6 
                   ) 
                 
               
             
             
               
                 
                   
                     
                       f 
                       36 
                     
                      
                     
                       ( 
                       
                         NA 
                         , 
                         n 
                       
                       ) 
                     
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
                       n 
                       · 
                       
                         
                           
                             
                               
                                 9216 
                                 - 
                                 
                                   29952 
                                    
                                   
                                       
                                   
                                    
                                   
                                     NA 
                                     ′2 
                                   
                                 
                                 + 
                                 
                                   36608 
                                    
                                   
                                       
                                   
                                    
                                   
                                     NA 
                                     ′4 
                                   
                                 
                                 - 
                               
                             
                           
                           
                             
                               
                                 
                                   20592 
                                    
                                   
                                       
                                   
                                    
                                   
                                     NA 
                                     ′6 
                                   
                                 
                                 + 
                                 
                                   5148 
                                   ′8 
                                 
                                 - 
                                 
                                   429 
                                    
                                   
                                       
                                   
                                    
                                   
                                     NA 
                                     ′10 
                                   
                                 
                               
                             
                           
                         
                         
                           
                             117 
                             2 
                           
                            
                           
                             NA 
                             ′12 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                     - 
                     
                       
                         n 
                         · 
                         
                           
                             1 
                             - 
                             
                               NA 
                               ′2 
                             
                           
                         
                       
                        
                       
                         
                           ( 
                           
                             
                               
                                 
                                   9216 
                                   - 
                                   
                                     25344 
                                      
                                     
                                         
                                     
                                      
                                     
                                       NA 
                                       ′2 
                                     
                                   
                                   + 
                                   
                                     25088 
                                      
                                     
                                         
                                     
                                      
                                     
                                       NA 
                                       ′4 
                                     
                                   
                                   - 
                                 
                               
                             
                             
                               
                                 
                                   
                                     10640 
                                      
                                     
                                         
                                     
                                      
                                     
                                       NA 
                                       ′6 
                                     
                                   
                                   + 
                                   
                                     1740 
                                      
                                     
                                         
                                     
                                      
                                     
                                       NA 
                                       ′8 
                                     
                                   
                                   - 
                                   
                                     59 
                                      
                                     
                                         
                                     
                                      
                                     
                                       NA 
                                       ′10 
                                     
                                   
                                   - 
                                   
                                     NA 
                                     ′12 
                                   
                                 
                               
                             
                           
                           ) 
                         
                         
                           
                             117 
                             2 
                           
                            
                           
                             NA 
                             ′12 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   ( 
                   7 
                   ) 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
         [0080]    It is to be seen from equations (3) to (7) that the Zernike coefficients Δz·f i , that is to say the induced spherical aberrations both of order Z 4  and of higher orders Z 9 , Z 16 , Z 25 , Z 36  are a function both of the numerical aperture and, in particular, of the refractive index n in the working distance  24 . 
         [0081]      FIG. 3  illustrates this state of affairs with reference to a numerical example. The bar diagram illustrates the wavefront changes, coded according to the Zernike coefficients Z 4 , Z 9 , Z 16 , Z 25  and Z 36  for a displacement of the substrate  14  by Δz=1 μm given a numerical aperture NA=0.93 for the projection objective in dry configuration ( FIG. 2 ) and for the projection objective  10  in immersion configuration ( FIG. 1 ). Of each pair of bars, the left-hand bar relates to the dry configuration, and the right-hand bar to the immersion configuration. 
         [0082]      FIG. 4  illustrates the relative wavefront changes in the orders Z 9 , Z 16 , Z 25  and Z 36  referred to Z 4 . It follows in particular from  FIG. 4  that a displacement of the substrate  14  in the direction of the optical axis  16  by the amount Δz has a lesser effect on the wavefront changes in the higher orders Z 9 , Z 16 , Z 25 , Z 36  with the projection objective  10  in immersion configuration than in the dry configuration. That is to say, the sensitivity of the projection objective  10  to the z-displacement of the substrate  14  in the higher Zernike coefficients is less in immersion configuration than in the dry configuration. The consequence of this is that the method of focus correction by displacing the substrate  14  in the direction of the optical axis  16  that is applied in the dry configuration of the projection objective  10  has less influence on the wavefront changes or aberrations of higher order. 
         [0083]    While previously the different focus sensitivities of the projection objective  10  in the dry configuration have been considered by comparison with the immersion configuration, in the following the sensitivity of the projection objective  10  in both configurations is explained with regard to a disturbance in the form of a temperature change. 
         [0084]    In a simulation of aberrations induced by a global, homogeneous temperature change, for example in the air (or another gas) around the projection objective  10 , in the projection objective housing with the individual mounts, in the gas inside the projection objective  10 , in the lenses and in the immersion liquid  24 , the sensitivities of the following effects were considered:
   1. Change in the lens geometries—that is to say the thicknesses and radii—through the thermal expansion of the lens material;   2. Changes in spacings through the thermal expansion of the projection objective housing (metal mounts):
       a. between the lenses (“air spaces”),   b. between the pattern  12  (reticle) and a first optical element of the first group  18  of optical elements,   c. between the last optical element  20  and the substrate  14 ;   
       3. Changes in refractive index Δn=dn/dT ΔT of the lens material (quartz, CaF 2 );   4. Changes in refractive index Δn=dn/dT ΔT
       a. of the gas between the individual optical elements of the first group  18 ,   b. of the air (or the other gas) between the pattern  12  and the first optical element of the group  18 ,   c. in the immersion liquid  24  between the last optical element  20  and the substrate  14  in the immersion system or in the air (or the other gas) in the case of the dry system.   
       
 
         [0095]      FIG. 5  shows the temperature sensitivities without focus correction, that is to say without displacement of the substrate  14  in the direction of the optical axis with reference to the spherical Zernike coefficients in the center of the field in a comparison between the projection objective  10  in the dry configuration and the projection objective  10  in the immersion configuration, once again the left-hand bar of each pair of bars referring to the dry configuration, and the right-hand bar referring to the immersion configuration. 
         [0096]    It emerges from  FIG. 5  that the dry configuration and the immersion configuration of the projection objective  10  differ considerably from one another with regard to the temperature sensitivities, at least in the orders Z 4  and Z 9 . These differences between the dry configuration and the immersion configuration result from the above-mentioned contributions  2 . c  and  4 . c  to the temperature effects, that is to say the differences are a consequence of the presence of the immersion liquid  26  at the working distance  24  between the last optical element  20  and the substrate  14 . Of the two contributions  2 . c  and  4 . c , the contribution  2 . c , that is to say the change in the working distance  24 , is the dominating additional contribution to the aberrations in the immersion configuration. This can be explained in that the temperature-induced thermal expansion of the projection objective  10  displaces the last optical element  20  in the direction of the substrate  14 . The working distance  24  is consequently reduced. Whereas this has no influence on the aberrations in the dry configuration, the change in the working distance  24  in the immersion configuration induces a changed layer thickness of the immersion liquid  26  that induces additional aberrations. All other above-mentioned contributions to the temperature effects yield virtually identical sensitivities in the two systems. 
         [0097]      FIG. 6  illustrates with the aid of a further bar diagram the extent to which the previously described aberrations induced by a temperature change can be compensated only by adjusting the position of the substrate  14  in the direction of the optical axis  16 . 
         [0098]      FIG. 6  shows the wavefront changes OPD/T, caused by temperature changes, for the dry configuration and for the immersion configuration, respectively without and with focus correction solely by displacing the substrate  14  in the direction of the optical axis, in a fashion split up with reference to the Zernike coefficients Z 9 , Z 16 , Z 25 , Z 36  (Z 4 =0 after the focus correction). 
         [0099]    Of the four bars relating to each of the coefficients Z 9 , Z 16 , Z 25 , Z 36 , the first bar relates to the dry configuration without focus correction, the second bar to the dry system with focus correction (Z 4 =0), the third bar to the immersion configuration without focus correction, and the fourth bar to the immersion configuration with focus correction (Z 4 =0) solely by displacing the substrate  14  in the direction of the optical axis. 
         [0100]    It is clear from  FIG. 6  that in the dry configuration the higher spherical sensitivities Z 9 , Z 16 , Z 25 , Z 36  relating to a homogeneous temperature change have a similar ratio to the Z 4  fraction as the focus sensitivities in the case of adjusting the position of the substrate  14  in the direction of the optical axis  16 . As a result of this circumstance, a focus correction, that is to say a correction such that Z 4 =0 in the middle of the field, solely by adjusting the position of the substrate  14  in the direction of the optical axis simultaneously also adequately corrects substantial contributions of the higher spherical aberrations Z 9 , Z 16 , Z 25 , Z 36  in the dry configuration. By contrast, in the immersion configuration the crosstalk in the higher spherical Zernike coefficients is substantially smaller in the case of Z 4  correction solely by adjusting the position of the substrate  14 , as has been explained above with reference to  FIGS. 3 and 4 . The consequence of this is that in the case of a complete compensation of Z 4  in the immersion configuration it is still only small fractions of the higher Zernike coefficients Z 9 , Z 16 , Z 25 , Z 36  that are also compensated, and therefore large fractions of these aberrations of higher order remain as residual errors. Consequently, it is not sufficient to correct aberrations simply by adjusting the position of the substrate  14  in the direction of the optical axis, that is to say nothing but a focus correction to Z 4 =0 in the immersion configuration. This means that in the immersion configuration as contrasted with the dry configuration for the case of an identical temperature change there remains a residual error Z 9  that is larger by a factor of approximately 7 and residual errors that are approximately four to five times larger for the other spherical Zernike coefficients of higher order when only one focus correction is performed by adjusting the position of the substrate  14 . 
         [0101]    With reference to  FIGS. 7   a ) and  b ), it is described below how the residual errors of the projection objective  10  can be reduced in immersion configuration by means of an alternative type of focusing. 
         [0102]      FIG. 7   a ) shows the projection objective  10  in accordance with  FIG. 1  in the region of the last optical element  20  and of the penultimate optical element  18   c  that forms the last optical element of the first group  18  of optical elements of the projection objective  10 . The space between the penultimate optical element  18   c  and the last optical element  20  is filled with a gas having a refractive index n of approximately 1. 
         [0103]    In accordance with  FIG. 7   b ), the projection objective  10  has a positioning device  28  that comprises an actuator  30  and a measuring device  32 . The actuator  30  is capable of positioning the last optical element  20  in the direction of the optical axis  16  (z direction) as is indicated by an arrow  30   a . The actuator  30  is further capable of likewise positioning the substrate  14  in the direction of the optical axis  16 , as indicated by an arrow  30   b.    
         [0104]    The actuator  30  is capable, in particular, of adjusting the position of the last optical element  20  and of the substrate  14  in a mutually correlated ratio in the direction of the optical axis  16 . 
         [0105]    The aim firstly is to discuss what is the result of a common adjustment of the position of the last optical element  20  and of the substrate  14  in the same direction in a ratio of 1:1 as is illustrated in  FIG. 7   b ) by comparison with  FIG. 7   a ). 
         [0106]    Adjusting the position of the last optical element  20  enlarges the air space  34  between the penultimate optical element  18   c  and the last optical element  20  by the amount Δz LR  when the optical element  20  is displaced by the amount Δz (just like the substrate  14 ). 
         [0107]    The wavefront change OPD Δz,LR  owing to the enlargement of the air space  34  is then given by 
         [0000]        OPD   Δz,LR (ρ)=Δ z·n ′√{square root over (1−(NA/ n ′) 2 ρ 2 )}  (8) 
         [0108]    Here, n′ is the refractive index of the gas in the air space  34  upstream of the last optical element  20 . Comparing equation (8) with equation (1) shows that this type of focusing in the projection objective  10  in immersion configuration leads to the same change in the wavefront as does a corresponding sole displacement of the substrate  14  in the dry configuration, since the refractive index n′˜1 in the last air space  34  upstream of the last optical element  20  is virtually identical to the refractive index n˜1 of the air in the dry system. Consequently, the projection objective  10  in the dry configuration and in the immersion configuration then have the same focus sensitivities (equations (2) to (7)) with the same crosstalk to the higher spherical Zernike coefficients Z 9 , Z 16 , Z 25 , Z 36 . 
         [0109]      FIG. 8  shows a similar illustration to that in  FIG. 6 , the fourth bar in relation to each of the Zernike coefficients Z 9 , Z 16 , Z 25 , Z 36  showing the residual aberrations for the projection objective  10  in immersion configuration after an identical displacement of the last optical element  20  and of the substrate  14 . 
         [0110]    Comparing this respective fourth bar with the respective fourth bar in  FIG. 6  shows that the residual aberrations in the higher Zernike coefficients Z 9 , Z 16 , Z 25 , Z 36  are substantially reduced, and differ from the residual aberrations in the dry configuration only by factors of approximately 1.7 to 2.7. 
         [0111]    It is described below how the residual aberrations of the projection objective  10  in the immersion configuration can be yet further reduced. 
         [0112]    A further reduction in the residual aberrations of the projection objective  10  in immersion configuration is achieved by setting the working distance  24  between the last optical element  20  and the substrate  14  solely by adjusting the position of the last optical element  20  to a nominal value (nominal working distance), something which can likewise be carried out with the aid of the actuator  30 . The nominal value can in this case be the originally set optimum working distance in immersion configuration if no disturbance such as a temperature-induced expansion of the system is present. 
         [0113]    The wavefront change OPD Δz,LLE  owing to displacement of the last optical element  20  by the path Δz in the direction of the optical axis is then yielded as the difference between the wavefront change OPD Δz,LR  by enlarging the last air space  34  ( FIG. 7   b )) and the wavefront change OPD Δz,S  by adjusting the position of the substrate  14  in the direction of the optical axis  16 : 
         [0000]    
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           
                             OPD 
                             
                               
                                 Δ 
                                  
                                 
                                     
                                 
                                  
                                 z 
                               
                               , 
                               LLE 
                             
                           
                            
                           
                             ( 
                             ρ 
                             ) 
                           
                         
                         = 
                           
                          
                         
                           
                             
                               OPD 
                               
                                 
                                   Δ 
                                    
                                   
                                       
                                   
                                    
                                   z 
                                 
                                 , 
                                 LR 
                               
                             
                              
                             
                               ( 
                               ρ 
                               ) 
                             
                           
                           - 
                           
                             
                               OPD 
                               
                                 
                                   Δ 
                                    
                                   
                                       
                                   
                                    
                                   z 
                                 
                                 , 
                                 S 
                               
                             
                              
                             
                               ( 
                               ρ 
                               ) 
                             
                           
                         
                       
                     
                   
                   
                     
                       
                         = 
                           
                          
                         
                           Δ 
                            
                           
                               
                           
                            
                           
                             z 
                              
                             
                               [ 
                               
                                 
                                   
                                     
                                       
                                         
                                           
                                             n 
                                             ′ 
                                           
                                             
                                         
                                          
                                         
                                           
                                             1 
                                             - 
                                             
                                               
                                                 
                                                   ( 
                                                   
                                                     NA 
                                                     / 
                                                     
                                                       n 
                                                       ′ 
                                                     
                                                   
                                                   ) 
                                                 
                                                 2 
                                               
                                                
                                               
                                                 ρ 
                                                 2 
                                               
                                             
                                           
                                         
                                       
                                       - 
                                     
                                   
                                 
                                 
                                   
                                     
                                       n 
                                        
                                       
                                         
                                           1 
                                           - 
                                           
                                             
                                               
                                                 ( 
                                                 
                                                   NA 
                                                   / 
                                                   n 
                                                 
                                                 ) 
                                               
                                               2 
                                             
                                              
                                             
                                               ρ 
                                               2 
                                             
                                           
                                         
                                       
                                     
                                   
                                 
                               
                               ] 
                             
                           
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   ( 
                   9 
                   ) 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
         [0114]    Here, n is the refractive index of the immersion medium  26 , and n′ is the refractive index of the gas in the air space  34  upstream of the last optical element  20 . 
         [0115]    The (sole) adjustment of the position of the last optical element  20  can now be used to fully compensate again the displacement of the last optical element  20  in the direction of the substrate  14  induced by the thermal expansion of the projection objective  10 . 
         [0116]    The result of this mode of procedure is illustrated in  FIG. 9 . 
         [0117]      FIG. 9  shows for the first bar (seen from the left) relating to each Zernike coefficient Z 9 , Z 16 , Z 25 , Z 36  the aberrations of a projection objective  10  in dry configuration due to a disturbance in the form of a temperature change, no focus correction yet having been performed. (The Zernike coefficient Z 4 , which is not shown in this figure, does not vanish here.) 
         [0118]    The respective second bar in  FIG. 9  shows the residual aberrations of the projection objective  10  in dry configuration after a focus correction solely by displacing the substrate  14  in the direction of the optical axis  16 . (The Zernike coefficient Z 4 , which is not shown in this figure, vanishes here.) 
         [0119]    The respective third bar in  FIG. 9  shows in relation to each Zernike coefficient Z 9 , Z 16 , Z 25 , Z 36  the aberrations of the projection objective  10  in immersion configuration due to a disturbance in the form of a temperature change without focus correction, the fourth bar shows the aberrations after setting the working distance  24  between the last optical element  20  and the substrate  14  to a desired working distance that corresponds, or can correspond, to the originally set working distance before commissioning of the projection objective  10 , and the fifth bars show the residual aberrations after additional common adjustment of the position of the last optical element  20  and of the substrate  14  in the direction of the optical axis in the ratio of 1:1. 
         [0120]    Comparing the first and fourth bars relating to each Zernike coefficient in  FIG. 9  reveals that restoring the desired working distance between the last optical element  20  and the substrate  14  yields sensitivities that are virtually identical to the not refocused sensitivities of the projection objective  10  in dry configuration. 
         [0121]    Comparing the second and fifth bars in relation to each Zernike coefficient in  FIG. 9  reveals that these show identical residual aberrations for the projection objective  10  in dry configuration after focus correction, and identical residual aberrations for the projection objective  10  in immersion configuration after adjusting the position of the last optical element  20  in order to set a desired working distance, and identical adjustment of the position of the last optical element  20  and of the substrate  14  in the direction of the optical axis  16 . 
         [0122]    The focus correction (Z 4 =0) is carried out by correlated adjustment of the position of the last optical element  20  and the substrate  14 . This now results in the same corrective action as in the case of the projection objective  10  in dry configuration (identical focus sensitivities), and virtually identical and sufficiently small residual errors of the higher spherical aberrations are achieved. 
         [0123]    During operation of the projection objective  10  in immersion configuration, the working distance  24  can be controlled by means of the measuring device  32 , and it is then possible on the basis of the respective measurement results to use the actuator  30  to keep the working distance  24  at the desired working distance, in the manner of a control loop. 
         [0124]      FIG. 10  illustrates diagrammatically an embodiment with the aid of which, on the basis of a specific mounting technique for the last optical element  20 , it is already possible to keep the working distance  24  between the last optical element  20  and the substrate  14  with reference to temperature changes at the set point, or to position the last optical element  20  for the purpose of minimizing aberrations. 
         [0125]    The last optical element  20  is held in a mount  20   a  that is connected to a mount  19  of an optical element of the first group  18  of optical elements of the projection objective  10  at a point  21 . The mount  20   a  has, in particular, a thermal expansion coefficient that is large by comparison with the thermal expansion coefficient of the mount  19 . 
         [0126]    If, by heating up, the mount  19  now expands in the direction of an arrow  23 , this would reduce the working distance  24 . However, owing to the heating up the mount  20   a  also expands, but in the opposite sense to the expansion of the mount  19  in accordance with an arrow  25 , the result being not to diminish the working distance  24  but to keep it substantially constant. It is thereby possible to keep the working distance  24  at the nominal value. 
         [0127]    However, it is also possible to provide not to keep the working distance  24  at the nominal value by means of the previously described mounting technique, but to fashion the mount  20   a  for the last optical element  20  such that it not only compensates the change in the working distance  24 , but overcompensates it in such a way that the above-described customary focus correction, that is to say solely adjusting the position of the substrate  14 , leads again to the same results for the correction of aberrations. Thus, with this mode of procedure the temperature sensitivities of the projection objective are adapted in terms of design in such a way that they are once again compatible with the focus sensitivities as in the dry configuration. 
         [0128]    The following measures are provided with reference, again, to  FIGS. 1 and 2 , which show the projection objective  10  in immersion configuration and in dry configuration, respectively, in order to tune the projection objective  10  between the dry configuration and the immersion configuration. 
         [0129]    A large distance that enables a substantial axial displacement of the last optical element  20  exists between the first group  18  and the last optical element  20 . 
         [0130]    The tunability between the immersion configuration in  FIG. 1  and the dry configuration in  FIG. 2  of the projection objective  10  is preferably achieved with the aid of a variation in the thickness of the last optical element  20 , preferably in conjunction with a displacement of the last optical element  20  relative to the image plane  15 , it being necessary, however, not to confuse this method with the previously described method for correcting aberrations of the projection objective  10  in the immersion configuration. 
         [0131]    The last optical element  20  is, furthermore, exchangeable. 
         [0132]    The last optical element  20  can have a variable thickness, the last optical element  20  preferably having a thickness that can be varied without removing material or adding material. This is preferably achieved by virtue of the fact that the last optical element  20  comprises a number of mutually detachable components that are arranged at a spacing from one another or are neutrally interconnected in optical terms, it being preferred for components of the last optical element  20  to consist of different optical materials, preferably at least one component consisting of fluoride crystal, in particular of lithium fluoride or calcium fluoride. 
         [0133]    The optical material, adjacent to the exit surface  22 , of the last optical element  20  preferably has a refractive index n E  that is close to the refractive index n I  of the immersion medium  26 , it being preferred for a ratio n I /n E  to be more than 0.8, in particular more than 0.9. 
         [0134]    Furthermore, the first group  18  of optical elements also has at least one displaceable optical element, but preferably a number of, in particular at least five, displaceable optical elements, at least one of the displaceable optical elements being displaceable along the optical axis  16 . 
         [0135]    A free space upstream of the previously mentioned displaceable element and/or downstream of the displaceable element is in this case preferably dimensioned to be so large that displacing the at least one displaceable optical element renders it possible to correct at least a fraction of aberrations that result from adapting the last optical element  20  to the immersion medium  26 . The projection objective  10  can be assigned at least one exchangeable optical correction element that preferably has at least one aspheric surface. Furthermore, at least one optical element of the first group  18  can have at least one optical surface with a surface curvature that can be varied reversibly or permanently. 
         [0136]    The projection objective  10  is designed such that, when use is made of the immersion medium  26 , that is to say in the immersion configuration, it has an image-side numerical aperture NA&lt;1 between exit surface  22  and image plane  15 , the image-side numerical aperture preferably being between approximately 0.7 and 1.0, in particular between 0.8 and 1.0. 
         [0137]    It is further provided that the last optical element  20  can be removed from the projection objective  10  and be replaced by a plane-parallel plate that is large by comparison with the exit surface of the projection objective  10  and can be laid over a large area of the substrate  14  to be exposed. 
         [0138]      FIGS. 11 and 12  demonstrate particular exemplary embodiments of projection objectives in the case of which the present invention can be implemented. 
         [0139]      FIG. 11  shows by way of example a purely refractive, rotationally symmetrical projection objective  40  for high-resolution microlithography, in particular in the DUV wavelength region. In  FIG. 11 ,  41  designates the optical axis of the projection objective  40 ,  42  denotes the object plane,  43  denotes the image plane,  44  denotes the first group of optical elements,  45  denotes the last optical element, and  46  denotes the immersion medium. Table 1 (appended) summarizes the specification of the design of the projection objective  40  in tabular form. In this case, column  1  specifies the number of refractive surfaces or surfaces otherwise distinguished, column  2  specifies the radius of the surfaces (in mm), column  3  specifies the distance, designated as thickness, of the surface from the subsequent surface (in mm), column  4  specifies the material, column  5  specifies the refractive index of the material at the operating wavelength, and column  6  specifies the maximum useful radius (half the free diameter). The total length L between the object plane and image plane is approximately 1.166 mm. All curvatures are spherical.  FIG. 11  shows the projection objective  40  in immersion configuration, and the data in table 1 likewise correspond to the immersion configuration. Table 2 contains the data of the projection objective in dry configuration. 
         [0140]      FIG. 12  illustrates a catadioptric projection objective  50  in the case of which the present invention can likewise be used. The catadioptric projection objective  50  with geometric beam splitter  52  is provided for the purpose of imaging a pattern lying in its object plane  53  into the image plane  56  to the scale 4:1 while producing a real intermediate image  54  in the image plane  56 . The optical axis  58  is folded at the geometric beam splitter  52  in order to be able to make use when imaging of a concave mirror  60  that facilitates the chromatic correction of the overall system.  FIG. 12  and table 3 reproduce the properties of the projection objective  50  in the immersion configuration. Table 4 contains the data of the corresponding dry configuration. 
         [0141]    The data of the projection objective  50  are listed in table 5, the surface  32  being formed by a nanosphere. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 j29o 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 REFRACTIVE INDEX 
                 ½ FREE 
               
               
                 SURFACE 
                 RADII 
                 THICKNESSES 
                 LENSES 
                 248.38 nm 
                 DIAMETER 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 0 
                 0.000000000 
                 32.000000000 
                   
                 1.00000000 
                 54.410 
               
               
                 1 
                 0.000000000 
                 10.587540450 
                 L710 
                 0.99998200 
                 61.093 
               
               
                 2 
                 −2417.351767120 
                 13.126300000 
                 SUPRA1 
                 1.50833811 
                 63.132 
               
               
                 3 
                 −248.195466920 
                 7.359264018 
                 L710 
                 0.99998200 
                 63.945 
               
               
                 4 
                 −168.131361870 
                 10.000000000 
                 SUPRA1 
                 1.50833811 
                 64.202 
               
               
                 5 
                 328.986124739 
                 7.907519166 
                 L710 
                 0.99998200 
                 70.046 
               
               
                 6 
                 671.742152743 
                 22.614900000 
                 SUPRA1 
                 1.50833811 
                 71.945 
               
               
                 7 
                 −219.346865952 
                 1.054978296 
                 L710 
                 0.99998200 
                 73.402 
               
               
                 8 
                 351.854459479 
                 21.378800000 
                 SUPRA1 
                 1.50833811 
                 77.449 
               
               
                 9 
                 −417.329819985 
                 0.748356148 
                 L710 
                 0.99998200 
                 77.668 
               
               
                 10 
                 266.259242017 
                 26.426700000 
                 SUPRA1 
                 1.50833811 
                 76.971 
               
               
                 11 
                 −418.068287643 
                 0.747164758 
                 L710 
                 0.99998200 
                 75.964 
               
               
                 12 
                 195.049526899 
                 10.000000000 
                 SUPRA1 
                 1.50833811 
                 69.816 
               
               
                 13 
                 112.784218098 
                 27.264697553 
                 L710 
                 0.99998200 
                 64.221 
               
               
                 14 
                 −548.976305020 
                 10.000000000 
                 SUPRA1 
                 1.50833811 
                 63.660 
               
               
                 15 
                 167.581609987 
                 25.042515270 
                 L710 
                 0.99998200 
                 61.992 
               
               
                 16 
                 −203.629259785 
                 10.000000000 
                 SUPRA1 
                 1.50833811 
                 62.349 
               
               
                 17 
                 360.120642869 
                 28.995838980 
                 L710 
                 0.99998200 
                 66.965 
               
               
                 18 
                 −127.653905514 
                 12.696400000 
                 SUPRA1 
                 1.50833811 
                 68.153 
               
               
                 19 
                 −1103.725724970 
                 17.018787360 
                 L710 
                 0.99998200 
                 81.984 
               
               
                 20 
                 −225.898831342 
                 23.521200000 
                 SUPRA1 
                 1.50833811 
                 84.684 
               
               
                 21 
                 −171.063497139 
                 1.574450554 
                 L710 
                 0.99998200 
                 92.606 
               
               
                 22 
                 −22770.163604600 
                 38.438000000 
                 SUPRA1 
                 1.50833811 
                 109.997 
               
               
                 23 
                 −229.816390281 
                 0.749282985 
                 L710 
                 0.99998200 
                 113.270 
               
               
                 24 
                 1170.594630540 
                 38.363100000 
                 SUPRA1 
                 1.50833811 
                 123.579 
               
               
                 25 
                 −320.184892150 
                 0.749629640 
                 L710 
                 0.99998200 
                 124.514 
               
               
                 26 
                 335.012872058 
                 39.596800000 
                 SUPRA1 
                 1.50833811 
                 124.658 
               
               
                 27 
                 −764.462984962 
                 2.214257730 
                 L710 
                 0.99998200 
                 123.947 
               
               
                 28 
                 270.136227728 
                 25.935800000 
                 SUPRA1 
                 1.50833811 
                 112.963 
               
               
                 29 
                 1248.618077510 
                 4.352014987 
                 L710 
                 0.99998200 
                 110.825 
               
               
                 30 
                 177.098661261 
                 18.578800000 
                 SUPRA1 
                 1.50833811 
                 96.632 
               
               
                 31 
                 131.459110961 
                 48.405871098 
                 L710 
                 0.99998200 
                 84.997 
               
               
                 32 
                 −254.431714105 
                 10.000000000 
                 SUPRA1 
                 1.50833811 
                 83.694 
               
               
                 33 
                 149.734192113 
                 49.515509852 
                 L710 
                 0.99998200 
                 77.858 
               
               
                 34 
                 −137.204786283 
                 10.000000000 
                 SUPRA1 
                 1.50833811 
                 78.232 
               
               
                 35 
                 1410.223675540 
                 43.391488727 
                 L710 
                 0.99998200 
                 89.345 
               
               
                 36 
                 −134.825941720 
                 35.292100000 
                 SUPRA1 
                 1.50833811 
                 91.736 
               
               
                 37 
                 −168.418502871 
                 3.480235112 
                 L710 
                 0.99998200 
                 110.924 
               
               
                 38 
                 −350.805989269 
                 24.010800000 
                 SUPRA1 
                 1.50833811 
                 123.372 
               
               
                 39 
                 −244.301424027 
                 6.015284795 
                 L710 
                 0.99998200 
                 128.258 
               
               
                 40 
                 4941.534628580 
                 43.549100000 
                 SUPRA1 
                 1.50833811 
                 147.192 
               
               
                 41 
                 −357.889527255 
                 2.367042190 
                 L710 
                 0.99998200 
                 149.417 
               
               
                 42 
                 1857.663670230 
                 40.932000000 
                 SUPRA1 
                 1.50833811 
                 156.043 
               
               
                 43 
                 −507.091567715 
                 −0.213252954 
                 L710 
                 0.99998200 
                 156.763 
               
               
                 44 
                 0.000000000 
                 0.962846248 
                 L710 
                 0.99998200 
                 155.516 
               
               
                 45 
                 637.188120359 
                 28.431900000 
                 SUPRA1 
                 1.50833811 
                 156.869 
               
               
                 46 
                 −4285.746531360 
                 0.749578310 
                 L710 
                 0.99998200 
                 156.617 
               
               
                 47 
                 265.928249908 
                 45.432900000 
                 SUPRA1 
                 1.50833811 
                 152.353 
               
               
                 48 
                 1127.170329670 
                 57.049328626 
                 L710 
                 0.99998200 
                 150.272 
               
               
                 49 
                 −273.057181282 
                 24.571800000 
                 SUPRA1 
                 1.50833811 
                 149.389 
               
               
                 50 
                 −296.450446798 
                 2.401860529 
                 L710 
                 0.99998200 
                 150.065 
               
               
                 51 
                 −317.559071036 
                 23.847600000 
                 SUPRA1 
                 1.50833811 
                 148.110 
               
               
                 52 
                 −297.103672940 
                 0.819938446 
                 L710 
                 0.99998200 
                 148.158 
               
               
                 53 
                 223.869192775 
                 28.117900000 
                 SUPRA1 
                 1.50833811 
                 122.315 
               
               
                 54 
                 548.591751129 
                 0.749776549 
                 L710 
                 0.99998200 
                 120.110 
               
               
                 55 
                 123.937471688 
                 34.861300000 
                 SUPRA1 
                 1.50833811 
                 99.291 
               
               
                 56 
                 211.883788830 
                 0.738299719 
                 L710 
                 0.99998200 
                 93.879 
               
               
                 57 
                 121.391085072 
                 21.109500000 
                 SUPRA1 
                 1.50833811 
                 82.929 
               
               
                 58 
                 178.110541498 
                 13.722409422 
                 L710 
                 0.99998200 
                 77.266 
               
               
                 59 
                 314.102464129 
                 10.000000000 
                 SUPRA1 
                 1.50833811 
                 71.524 
               
               
                 60 
                 60.563892001 
                 10.471596266 
                 L710 
                 0.99998200 
                 49.697 
               
               
                 61 
                 71.706607533 
                 10.069000000 
                 SUPRA1 
                 1.50833811 
                 48.032 
               
               
                 62 
                 53.184242317 
                 0.713865261 
                 L710 
                 0.99998200 
                 40.889 
               
               
                 63 
                 48.728728866 
                 24.194000000 
                 SUPRA1 
                 1.50833811 
                 39.865 
               
               
                 64 
                 325.049018458 
                 16.249640231 
                 L710 
                 0.99998200 
                 35.979 
               
               
                 65 
                 0.000000000 
                 3.000000000 
                 SUPRA1 
                 1.50833811 
                 16.879 
               
               
                 66 
                 0.000000000 
                 2.000000000 
                 IMMERS 
                 1.40000000 
                 14.998 
               
               
                 67 
                 0.000000000 
                 0.000000000 
                   
                 1.00000000 
                 13.603 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 j30o 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 REFRACTIVE INDEX 
                 ½ FREE 
               
               
                 SURFACE 
                 RADII 
                 THICKNESSES 
                 LENSES 
                 248.38 nm 
                 DIAMETER 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 0 
                 0.000000000 
                 32.000000000 
                   
                 1.00000000 
                 54.410 
               
               
                 1 
                 0.000000000 
                 10.283889256 
                 L710 
                 0.99998200 
                 61.093 
               
               
                 2 
                 −2417.351767120 
                 13.126300000 
                 SUPRA1 
                 1.50833811 
                 63.069 
               
               
                 3 
                 −248.195466920 
                 7.293007084 
                 L710 
                 0.99998200 
                 63.884 
               
               
                 4 
                 −168.131361870 
                 10.000000000 
                 SUPRA1 
                 1.50833811 
                 64.137 
               
               
                 5 
                 328.986124739 
                 8.273191790 
                 L710 
                 0.99998200 
                 69.971 
               
               
                 6 
                 671.742152743 
                 22.614900000 
                 SUPRA1 
                 1.50833811 
                 72.045 
               
               
                 7 
                 −219.346865952 
                 0.447882685 
                 L710 
                 0.99998200 
                 73.489 
               
               
                 8 
                 351.854459479 
                 21.378800000 
                 SUPRA1 
                 1.50833811 
                 77.419 
               
               
                 9 
                 −417.329819985 
                 0.643718463 
                 L710 
                 0.99998200 
                 77.636 
               
               
                 10 
                 266.259242017 
                 26.426700000 
                 SUPRA1 
                 1.50833811 
                 76.935 
               
               
                 11 
                 −418.068287643 
                 1.297611013 
                 L710 
                 0.99998200 
                 75.923 
               
               
                 12 
                 195.049526899 
                 10.000000000 
                 SUPRA1 
                 1.50833811 
                 69.627 
               
               
                 13 
                 112.784218098 
                 26.146948060 
                 L710 
                 0.99998200 
                 64.049 
               
               
                 14 
                 −548.976305020 
                 10.000000000 
                 SUPRA1 
                 1.50833811 
                 63.646 
               
               
                 15 
                 167.581609987 
                 26.480913850 
                 L710 
                 0.99998200 
                 61.963 
               
               
                 16 
                 −203.629259785 
                 10.000000000 
                 SUPRA1 
                 1.50833811 
                 62.465 
               
               
                 17 
                 360.120642869 
                 28.474843347 
                 L710 
                 0.99998200 
                 67.077 
               
               
                 18 
                 −127.653905514 
                 12.696400000 
                 SUPRA1 
                 1.50833811 
                 68.070 
               
               
                 19 
                 −1103.725724970 
                 17.347391549 
                 L710 
                 0.99998200 
                 81.856 
               
               
                 20 
                 −225.898831342 
                 23.521200000 
                 SUPRA1 
                 1.50833811 
                 84.765 
               
               
                 21 
                 −171.063497139 
                 1.525859924 
                 L710 
                 0.99998200 
                 92.671 
               
               
                 22 
                 −22770.163604600 
                 38.438000000 
                 SUPRA1 
                 1.50833811 
                 110.016 
               
               
                 23 
                 −229.816390281 
                 0.449372011 
                 L710 
                 0.99998200 
                 113.280 
               
               
                 24 
                 1170.594630540 
                 38.363100000 
                 SUPRA1 
                 1.50833811 
                 123.463 
               
               
                 25 
                 −320.184892150 
                 0.449220757 
                 L710 
                 0.99998200 
                 124.404 
               
               
                 26 
                 335.012872058 
                 39.596800000 
                 SUPRA1 
                 1.50833811 
                 124.508 
               
               
                 27 
                 −764.462984962 
                 0.448529485 
                 L710 
                 0.99998200 
                 123.785 
               
               
                 28 
                 270.136227728 
                 25.935800000 
                 SUPRA1 
                 1.50833811 
                 113.275 
               
               
                 29 
                 1248.618077510 
                 4.599063715 
                 L710 
                 0.99998200 
                 111.173 
               
               
                 30 
                 177.098661261 
                 18.578800000 
                 SUPRA1 
                 1.50833811 
                 96.787 
               
               
                 31 
                 131.459110961 
                 48.903368693 
                 L710 
                 0.99998200 
                 85.123 
               
               
                 32 
                 −254.431714105 
                 10.000000000 
                 SUPRA1 
                 1.50833811 
                 83.644 
               
               
                 33 
                 149.734192113 
                 49.544589669 
                 L710 
                 0.99998200 
                 77.792 
               
               
                 34 
                 −137.204786283 
                 10.000000000 
                 SUPRA1 
                 1.50833811 
                 78.174 
               
               
                 35 
                 1410.223675540 
                 43.113042129 
                 L710 
                 0.99998200 
                 89.233 
               
               
                 36 
                 −134.825941720 
                 35.292100000 
                 SUPRA1 
                 1.50833811 
                 91.558 
               
               
                 37 
                 −168.418502871 
                 4.049119334 
                 L710 
                 0.99998200 
                 110.696 
               
               
                 38 
                 −350.805989269 
                 24.010800000 
                 SUPRA1 
                 1.50833811 
                 123.308 
               
               
                 39 
                 −244.301424027 
                 5.341877309 
                 L710 
                 0.99998200 
                 128.188 
               
               
                 40 
                 4941.534628580 
                 43.549100000 
                 SUPRA1 
                 1.50833811 
                 146.729 
               
               
                 41 
                 −357.889527255 
                 4.028668923 
                 L710 
                 0.99998200 
                 148.997 
               
               
                 42 
                 1857.663670230 
                 40.932000000 
                 SUPRA1 
                 1.50833811 
                 155.818 
               
               
                 43 
                 −507.091567715 
                 −1.371361371 
                 L710 
                 0.99998200 
                 156.540 
               
               
                 44 
                 0.000000000 
                 2.120040201 
                 L710 
                 0.99998200 
                 155.343 
               
               
                 45 
                 637.188120359 
                 28.431900000 
                 SUPRA1 
                 1.50833811 
                 156.764 
               
               
                 46 
                 −4285.746531360 
                 0.447699567 
                 L710 
                 0.99998200 
                 156.510 
               
               
                 47 
                 265.928249908 
                 45.432900000 
                 SUPRA1 
                 1.50833811 
                 152.266 
               
               
                 48 
                 1127.170329670 
                 56.966580248 
                 L710 
                 0.99998200 
                 150.172 
               
               
                 49 
                 −273.057181282 
                 24.571800000 
                 SUPRA1 
                 1.50833811 
                 149.291 
               
               
                 50 
                 −296.450446798 
                 2.661459751 
                 L710 
                 0.99998200 
                 149.961 
               
               
                 51 
                 −317.559071036 
                 23.847600000 
                 SUPRA1 
                 1.50833811 
                 147.915 
               
               
                 52 
                 −297.103672940 
                 0.449161173 
                 L710 
                 0.99998200 
                 147.956 
               
               
                 53 
                 223.869192775 
                 28.117900000 
                 SUPRA1 
                 1.50833811 
                 122.290 
               
               
                 54 
                 548.591751129 
                 1.339172987 
                 L710 
                 0.99998200 
                 120.081 
               
               
                 55 
                 123.937471688 
                 34.861300000 
                 SUPRA1 
                 1.50833811 
                 99.087 
               
               
                 56 
                 211.883788830 
                 0.952940583 
                 L710 
                 0.99998200 
                 93.588 
               
               
                 57 
                 121.391085072 
                 21.109500000 
                 SUPRA1 
                 1.50833811 
                 82.604 
               
               
                 58 
                 178.110541498 
                 13.676325222 
                 L710 
                 0.99998200 
                 76.860 
               
               
                 59 
                 314.102464129 
                 10.000000000 
                 SUPRA1 
                 1.50833811 
                 71.076 
               
               
                 60 
                 60.563892001 
                 10.077651049 
                 L710 
                 0.99998200 
                 49.477 
               
               
                 61 
                 71.706607533 
                 10.069000000 
                 SUPRA1 
                 1.50833811 
                 47.911 
               
               
                 62 
                 53.184242317 
                 0.732248727 
                 L710 
                 0.99998200 
                 40.780 
               
               
                 63 
                 48.728728866 
                 24.194000000 
                 SUPRA1 
                 1.50833811 
                 39.753 
               
               
                 64 
                 325.049018458 
                 4.167687088 
                 L710 
                 0.99998200 
                 35.772 
               
               
                 65 
                 0.000000000 
                 5.000000000 
                 SUPRA1 
                 1.50833811 
                 32.831 
               
               
                 66 
                 0.000000000 
                 12.000000000 
                 L710 
                 0.99998200 
                 29.694 
               
               
                 67 
                 0.000000000 
                 0.000000000 
                   
                 1.00000000 
                 13.603 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 j31o 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 REFRACTIVE 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 INDEX 
                 ½ FREE 
               
               
                 SURFACE 
                 RADII 
                 THICKNESSES 
                 LENSES 
                 157.63 nm 
                 DIAMETER 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  0 
                 0.000000000 
                 38.482288093 
                   
                 1.00000000 
                 85.333 
               
               
                  1 
                 304.292982078 
                 22.168809366 
                 CAF2HL 
                 1.55840983 
                 92.476 
               
               
                  2 
                 2741.794481050 
                 96.128678854 
                   
                 1.00000000 
                 92.204 
               
               
                  3 
                 0.000000000 
                 0.000000000 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 131.930 
               
               
                 REFL 
               
               
                  4 
                 0.000000000 
                 −467.095641350 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 90.070 
               
               
                  5 
                 199.893955036 
                 −10.268444544 
                 CAF2HL 
                 −1.55840983 
                 91.280 
               
               
                  6 
                 486.702942680AS 
                 −26.734713685 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 96.529 
               
               
                  7 
                 186.738998389 
                 −10.064297945 
                 CAF2HL 
                 −1.55840983 
                 99.240 
               
               
                  8 
                 447.975139348 
                 −19.001496621 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 111.362 
               
               
                  9 
                 243.529966034 
                 19.001496621 
                   
                 1.00000000 
                 114.369 
               
               
                 REFL 
               
               
                 10 
                 447.975139348 
                 10.064297945 
                 CAF2HL 
                 1.55840983 
                 112.384 
               
               
                 11 
                 186.738998389 
                 26.734713685 
                   
                 1.00000000 
                 102.903 
               
               
                 12 
                 486.702942680AS 
                 10.268444544 
                 CAF2HL 
                 1.55840983 
                 101.523 
               
               
                 13 
                 199.893955036 
                 464.738613843 
                   
                 1.00000000 
                 96.499 
               
               
                 14 
                 0.000000000 
                 0.000000000 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 115.398 
               
               
                 REFL 
               
               
                 15 
                 0.000000000 
                 −100.235657635 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 92.746 
               
               
                 16 
                 −536.442986965 
                 −25.379215206 
                 CAF2HL 
                 −1.55840983 
                 94.306 
               
               
                 17 
                 629.049380815 
                 −7.436012624 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 93.787 
               
               
                 18 
                 0.000000000 
                 −118.304806660 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 91.342 
               
               
                 19 
                 −312.177007433AS 
                 −24.720749191 
                 CAF2HL 
                 −1.55840983 
                 94.928 
               
               
                 20 
                 −734.696609024 
                 −220.443381712 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 94.168 
               
               
                 21 
                 −277.004238298AS 
                 −15.426909916 
                 CAF2HL 
                 −1.55840983 
                 96.206 
               
               
                 22 
                 −460.130899964 
                 −73.782961291 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 95.245 
               
               
                 23 
                 −158.318468619 
                 −30.586960517 
                 CAF2HL 
                 −1.55840983 
                 91.460 
               
               
                 24 
                 −162.867000225 
                 −41.632945268 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 84.793 
               
               
                 25 
                 419.508310212 
                 −20.539965049 
                 CAF2HL 
                 −1.55840983 
                 84.016 
               
               
                 26 
                 −238.581080262 
                 −31.955227253 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 85.006 
               
               
                 27 
                 −430.197019246 
                 −30.182066783 
                 CAF2HL 
                 −1.55840983 
                 92.237 
               
               
                 28 
                 691.939037816AS 
                 −23.703096035 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 93.527 
               
               
                 29 
                 −241.462660758AS 
                 −10.000000000 
                 CAF2HL 
                 −1.55840983 
                 97.681 
               
               
                 30 
                 −182.472613831 
                 −25.656103361 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 96.159 
               
               
                 31 
                 −420.041190250 
                 −36.705938298 
                 CAF2HL 
                 −1.55840983 
                 98.541 
               
               
                 32 
                 324.867666879 
                 −43.586137768 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 99.096 
               
               
                 33 
                 −44866.873107000 
                 36.893151865 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 93.979 
               
               
                 34 
                 −149.830817441 
                 −28.311419778 
                 CAF2HL 
                 −1.55840983 
                 94.246 
               
               
                 35 
                 −315.631878253AS 
                 −18.939811826 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 91.369 
               
               
                 36 
                 −172.862510793 
                 −12.271843841 
                 CAF2HL 
                 −1.55840983 
                 87.996 
               
               
                 37 
                 −115.635345524 
                 −27.567353538 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 81.847 
               
               
                 38 
                 −229.213645994AS 
                 −32.436472831 
                 CAF2HL 
                 −1.55840983 
                 82.617 
               
               
                 39 
                 474.721571790 
                 −3.611495525 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 81.971 
               
               
                 40 
                 −152.435372054 
                 −30.802088433 
                 CAF2HL 
                 −1.55840983 
                 75.907 
               
               
                 41 
                 −530.778945822 
                 −8.465514650 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 70.966 
               
               
                 42 
                 −159.504999222 
                 −41.060952888 
                 CAF2HL 
                 −1.55840983 
                 63.576 
               
               
                 43 
                 3040.455878600 
                 −4.225976128 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 51.729 
               
               
                 44 
                 −226.630329417AS 
                 −24.123224774 
                 CAF2HL 
                 −1.55840983 
                 44.179 
               
               
                 45 
                 897.778633917 
                 −8.617797536 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 33.827 
               
               
                 46 
                 0.000000000 
                 −8.000000000 
                 CAF2HL 
                 −1.55840983 
                 22.352 
               
               
                 47 
                 0.000000000 
                 −2.000000000 
                 IMMERS 
                 −1.39000000 
                 18.217 
               
               
                 48 
                 0.000000000 
                 0.000000000 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 17.067 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 ASPHERIC CONSTANTS 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 SURFACE NO. 6 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 K 
                 0.0000 
               
               
                   
                 C1 
                 3.87858881e−009 
               
               
                   
                 C2 
                 −1.57703627e−013 
               
               
                   
                 C3 
                 1.62703226e−017 
               
               
                   
                 C4 
                 −1.12332671e−021 
               
               
                   
                 C5 
                 −1.51356191e−026 
               
               
                   
                 C6 
                 8.57130323e−031 
               
             
          
           
               
                 SURFACE NO. 12 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 K 
                 0.0000 
               
               
                   
                 C1 
                 3.87858881e−009 
               
               
                   
                 C2 
                 −1.57703627e−013 
               
               
                   
                 C3 
                 1.62703226e−017 
               
               
                   
                 C4 
                 −1.12332671e−021 
               
               
                   
                 C5 
                 −1.51356191e−026 
               
               
                   
                 C6 
                 8.57130323e−031 
               
             
          
           
               
                 SURFACE NO. 19 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 K 
                 0.0000 
               
               
                   
                 C1 
                 3.62918557e−009 
               
               
                   
                 C2 
                 6.75596543e−014 
               
               
                   
                 C3 
                 5.68408321e−019 
               
               
                   
                 C4 
                 −6.78832654e−023 
               
               
                   
                 C5 
                 6.78338885e−027 
               
               
                   
                 C6 
                 −2.05303753e−031 
               
             
          
           
               
                 SURFACE NO. 21 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 K 
                 0.0000 
               
               
                   
                 C1 
                 1.19759751e−008 
               
               
                   
                 C2 
                 7.35438590e−014 
               
               
                   
                 C3 
                 7.03292772e−019 
               
               
                   
                 C4 
                 −1.26321026e−023 
               
               
                   
                 C5 
                 −3.01047364e−027 
               
               
                   
                 C6 
                 2.08735313e−031 
               
             
          
           
               
                 SURFACE NO. 28 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 K 
                 0.0000 
               
               
                   
                 C1 
                 −8.39294529e−009 
               
               
                   
                 C2 
                 −3.39607506e−013 
               
               
                   
                 C3 
                 8.76320979e−018 
               
               
                   
                 C4 
                 −1.43578199e−021 
               
               
                   
                 C5 
                 5.59234999e−026 
               
               
                   
                 C6 
                 2.01810948e−030 
               
             
          
           
               
                 SURFACE NO. 29 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 K 
                 0.0000 
               
               
                   
                 C1 
                 1.74092829e−008 
               
               
                   
                 C2 
                 −1.69607632e−013 
               
               
                   
                 C3 
                 1.18281063e−017 
               
               
                   
                 C4 
                 −3.08190938e−021 
               
               
                   
                 C5 
                 1.70082968e−025 
               
               
                   
                 C6 
                 −1.68479126e−030 
               
             
          
           
               
                 SURFACE NO. 35 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 K 
                 0.0000 
               
               
                   
                 C1 
                 −2.14453018e−008 
               
               
                   
                 C2 
                 6.73947641e−013 
               
               
                   
                 C3 
                 −4.84677574e−017 
               
               
                   
                 C4 
                 5.99264335e−021 
               
               
                   
                 C5 
                 −2.87629386e−025 
               
               
                   
                 C6 
                 3.90592520e−031 
               
             
          
           
               
                 SURFACE NO. 38 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 K 
                 0.0000 
               
               
                   
                 C1 
                 1.60415031e−008 
               
               
                   
                 C2 
                 4.78837509e−015 
               
               
                   
                 C3 
                 2.08320399e−016 
               
               
                   
                 C4 
                 −2.87713700e−020 
               
               
                   
                 C5 
                 1.77485272e−024 
               
               
                   
                 C6 
                 −1.93501550e−029 
               
             
          
           
               
                 SURFACE NO. 44 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 K 
                 0.0000 
               
               
                   
                 C1 
                 −6.56394686e−008 
               
               
                   
                 C2 
                 −8.25210588e−012 
               
               
                   
                 C3 
                 −1.27328625e−016 
               
               
                   
                 C4 
                 −1.16616292e−020 
               
               
                   
                 C5 
                 −1.58133131e−023 
               
               
                   
                 C6 
                 6.39526832e−027 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 4 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 j32o 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 REFRACTIVE 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 INDEX 
                 ½ FREE 
               
               
                 SURFACE 
                 RADII 
                 THICKNESSES 
                 LENSES 
                 157.63 nm 
                 DIAMETER 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  0 
                 0.000000000 
                 36.500665837 
                   
                 1.00000000 
                 85.333 
               
               
                  1 
                 304.292982078 
                 22.168809366 
                 CAF2HL 
                 1.55840983 
                 92.166 
               
               
                  2 
                 2741.794481050 
                 96.128678854 
                   
                 1.00000000 
                 91.891 
               
               
                  3 
                 0.000000000 
                 0.000000000 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 131.415 
               
               
                 REFL 
               
               
                  4 
                 0.000000000 
                 −467.820384551 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 89.765 
               
               
                  5 
                 199.893955036 
                 −10.268444544 
                 CAF2HL 
                 −1.55840983 
                 91.269 
               
               
                  6 
                 486.702942680AS 
                 −26.059978075 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 96.632 
               
               
                  7 
                 186.738998389 
                 −10.064297945 
                 CAF2HL 
                 −1.55840983 
                 99.260 
               
               
                  8 
                 447.975139348 
                 −19.256116633 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 111.485 
               
               
                  9 
                 243.529966034 
                 19.256116633 
                   
                 1.00000000 
                 114.609 
               
               
                 REFL 
               
               
                 10 
                 447.975139348 
                 10.064297945 
                 CAF2HL 
                 1.55840983 
                 112.551 
               
               
                 11 
                 186.738998389 
                 26.059978075 
                   
                 1.00000000 
                 103.039 
               
               
                 12 
                 486.702942680AS 
                 10.268444544 
                 CAF2HL 
                 1.55840983 
                 101.801 
               
               
                 13 
                 199.893955036 
                 465.028501331 
                   
                 1.00000000 
                 96.752 
               
               
                 14 
                 0.000000000 
                 0.000000000 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 115.771 
               
               
                 REFL 
               
               
                 15 
                 0.000000000 
                 −100.235657635 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 93.044 
               
               
                 16 
                 −536.442986965 
                 −25.379215206 
                 CAF2HL 
                 −1.55840983 
                 94.574 
               
               
                 17 
                 629.049380815 
                 −8.746601911 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 94.056 
               
               
                 18 
                 0.000000000 
                 −116.715874811 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 91.368 
               
               
                 19 
                 −312.177007433AS 
                 −24.720749191 
                 CAF2HL 
                 −1.55840983 
                 94.620 
               
               
                 20 
                 −734.696609024 
                 −220.365529295 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 93.861 
               
               
                 21 
                 −277.004238298AS 
                 −15.426909916 
                 CAF2HL 
                 −1.55840983 
                 95.944 
               
               
                 22 
                 −460.130899964 
                 −74.636127671 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 94.984 
               
               
                 23 
                 −158.318468619 
                 −30.586960517 
                 CAF2HL 
                 −1.55840983 
                 91.216 
               
               
                 24 
                 −162.867000225 
                 −41.086604589 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 84.569 
               
               
                 25 
                 419.508310212 
                 −20.539965049 
                 CAF2HL 
                 −1.55840983 
                 83.832 
               
               
                 26 
                 −238.581080262 
                 −32.443299462 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 84.836 
               
               
                 27 
                 −430.197019246 
                 −30.182066783 
                 CAF2HL 
                 −1.55840983 
                 92.223 
               
               
                 28 
                 691.939037816AS 
                 −22.851030925 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 93.515 
               
               
                 29 
                 −241.462660758AS 
                 −10.000000000 
                 CAF2HL 
                 −1.55840983 
                 97.602 
               
               
                 30 
                 −182.472613831 
                 −25.705407401 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 96.085 
               
               
                 31 
                 −420.041190250 
                 −36.705938298 
                 CAF2HL 
                 −1.55840983 
                 98.486 
               
               
                 32 
                 324.867666879 
                 −7.220642187 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 99.044 
               
               
                 33 
                 −149.830817441 
                 −28.311419778 
                 CAF2HL 
                 −1.55840983 
                 94.165 
               
               
                 34 
                 −315.631878253AS 
                 −11.206528270 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 91.678 
               
               
                 35 
                 0.000000000 
                 −7.539660426 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 92.142 
               
               
                 36 
                 −172.862510793 
                 −12.271843841 
                 CAF2HL 
                 −1.55840983 
                 88.327 
               
               
                 37 
                 −115.635345524 
                 −27.665363620 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 82.122 
               
               
                 38 
                 −229.213645994AS 
                 −32.436472831 
                 CAF2HL 
                 −1.55840983 
                 82.891 
               
               
                 39 
                 474.721571790 
                 −3.783646156 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 82.256 
               
               
                 40 
                 −152.435372054 
                 −30.802088433 
                 CAF2HL 
                 −1.55840983 
                 76.122 
               
               
                 41 
                 −530.778945822 
                 −8.330902516 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 71.200 
               
               
                 42 
                 −159.504999222 
                 −41.060952888 
                 CAF2HL 
                 −1.55840983 
                 63.821 
               
               
                 43 
                 3040.455878600 
                 −4.484154484 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 51.982 
               
               
                 44 
                 −226.630329417AS 
                 −24.123224774 
                 CAF2HL 
                 −1.55840983 
                 44.183 
               
               
                 45 
                 897.778633917 
                 −0.971829936 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 33.797 
               
               
                 46 
                 0.000000000 
                 −9.700651756 
                 CAF2HL 
                 −1.55840983 
                 31.743 
               
               
                 47 
                 0.000000000 
                 −7.828847134 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 26.288 
               
               
                 48 
                 0.000000000 
                 0.000446630 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 17.067 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 ASPHERIC CONSTANTS 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 SURFACE NO. 6 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 K 
                 0.0000 
               
               
                   
                 C1 
                 3.87858881e−009 
               
               
                   
                 C2 
                 −1.57703627e−013 
               
               
                   
                 C3 
                 1.62703226e−017 
               
               
                   
                 C4 
                 −1.12332671e−021 
               
               
                   
                 C5 
                 −1.51356191e−026 
               
               
                   
                 C6 
                 8.57130323e−031 
               
             
          
           
               
                 SURFACE NO. 12 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 K 
                 0.0000 
               
               
                   
                 C1 
                 3.87858881e−009 
               
               
                   
                 C2 
                 −1.57703627e−013 
               
               
                   
                 C3 
                 1.62703226e−017 
               
               
                   
                 C4 
                 −1.12332671e−021 
               
               
                   
                 C5 
                 −1.51356191e−026 
               
               
                   
                 C6 
                 8.57130323e−031 
               
             
          
           
               
                 SURFACE NO. 19 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 K 
                 0.0000 
               
               
                   
                 C1 
                 3.62918557e−009 
               
               
                   
                 C2 
                 6.75596543e−014 
               
               
                   
                 C3 
                 5.68408321e−019 
               
               
                   
                 C4 
                 −6.78832654e−023 
               
               
                   
                 C5 
                 6.78338885e−027 
               
               
                   
                 C6 
                 −2.05303753e−031 
               
             
          
           
               
                 SURFACE NO. 21 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 K 
                 0.0000 
               
               
                   
                 C1 
                 1.19759751e−008 
               
               
                   
                 C2 
                 7.35438590e−014 
               
               
                   
                 C3 
                 7.03292772e−019 
               
               
                   
                 C4 
                 −1.26321026e−023 
               
               
                   
                 C5 
                 −3.01047364e−027 
               
               
                   
                 C6 
                 2.08735313e−031 
               
             
          
           
               
                 SURFACE NO. 28 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 K 
                 0.0000 
               
               
                   
                 C1 
                 −8.39294529e−009 
               
               
                   
                 C2 
                 −3.39607506e−013 
               
               
                   
                 C3 
                 8.76320979e−018 
               
               
                   
                 C4 
                 −1.43578199e−021 
               
               
                   
                 C5 
                 5.59234999e−026 
               
               
                   
                 C6 
                 2.01810948e−030 
               
             
          
           
               
                 SURFACE NO. 29 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 K 
                 0.0000 
               
               
                   
                 C1 
                 1.74092829e−008 
               
               
                   
                 C2 
                 −1.69607632e−013 
               
               
                   
                 C3 
                 1.18281063e−017 
               
               
                   
                 C4 
                 −3.08190938e−021 
               
               
                   
                 C5 
                 1.70082968e−025 
               
               
                   
                 C6 
                 −1.68479126e−030 
               
             
          
           
               
                 SURFACE NO. 34 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 K 
                 0.0000 
               
               
                   
                 C1 
                 −2.14453018e−008 
               
               
                   
                 C2 
                 6.73947641e−013 
               
               
                   
                 C3 
                 −4.84677574e−017 
               
               
                   
                 C4 
                 5.99264335e−021 
               
               
                   
                 C5 
                 −2.87629386e−025 
               
               
                   
                 C6 
                 3.90592520e−031 
               
             
          
           
               
                 SURFACE NO. 38 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 K 
                 0.0000 
               
               
                   
                 C1 
                 1.60415031e−008 
               
               
                   
                 C2 
                 4.78837509e−015 
               
               
                   
                 C3 
                 2.08320399e−016 
               
               
                   
                 C4 
                 −2.87713700e−020 
               
               
                   
                 C5 
                 1.77485272e−024 
               
               
                   
                 C6 
                 −1.93501550e−029 
               
             
          
           
               
                 SURFACE NO. 44 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 K 
                 0.0000 
               
               
                   
                 C1 
                 −6.56394686e−008 
               
               
                   
                 C2 
                 −8.25210588e−012 
               
               
                   
                 C3 
                 −1.27328625e−016 
               
               
                   
                 C4 
                 −1.16616292e−020 
               
               
                   
                 C5 
                 −1.58133131e−023 
               
               
                   
                 C6 
                 6.39526832e−027 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 5 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 j33o 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 REFRACTIVE 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 INDEX 
                 ½ FREE 
               
               
                 SURFACE 
                 RADII 
                 THICKNESSES 
                 LENSES 
                 157.63 nm 
                 DIAMETER 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  0 
                 0.000000000 
                 38.054423655 
                   
                 1.00000000 
                 85.333 
               
               
                  1 
                 304.292982078 
                 22.168809366 
                 CAF2HL 
                 1.55840983 
                 92.441 
               
               
                  2 
                 2741.794481050 
                 96.128678854 
                   
                 1.00000000 
                 92.171 
               
               
                  3 
                 0.000000000 
                 0.000000000 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 131.865 
               
               
                 REFL 
               
               
                  4 
                 0.000000000 
                 −467.749539716 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 90.082 
               
               
                  5 
                 199.893955036 
                 −10.268444544 
                 CAF2HL 
                 −1.55840983 
                 91.444 
               
               
                  6 
                 486.702942680AS 
                 −25.540971142 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 96.627 
               
               
                  7 
                 186.738998389 
                 −10.064297945 
                 CAF2HL 
                 −1.55840983 
                 98.903 
               
               
                  8 
                 447.975139348 
                 −19.398954786 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 110.873 
               
               
                  9 
                 243.529966034 
                 19.398954786 
                   
                 1.00000000 
                 114.137 
               
               
                 REFL 
               
               
                 10 
                 447.975139348 
                 10.064297945 
                 CAF2HL 
                 1.55840983 
                 111.985 
               
               
                 11 
                 186.738998389 
                 25.540971142 
                   
                 1.00000000 
                 102.576 
               
               
                 12 
                 486.702942680AS 
                 10.268444544 
                 CAF2HL 
                 1.55840983 
                 101.403 
               
               
                 13 
                 199.893955036 
                 465.154328539 
                   
                 1.00000000 
                 96.394 
               
               
                 14 
                 0.000000000 
                 0.000000000 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 115.447 
               
               
                 REFL 
               
               
                 15 
                 0.000000000 
                 −100.235657635 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 92.750 
               
               
                 16 
                 −536.44298965 
                 −25.379215206 
                 CAF2HL 
                 −1.55840983 
                 94.346 
               
               
                 17 
                 629.049380815 
                 −8.324209221 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 93.829 
               
               
                 18 
                 0.000000000 
                 −117.663111488 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 91.238 
               
               
                 19 
                 −312.177007433AS 
                 −24.720749191 
                 CAF2HL 
                 −1.55840983 
                 94.838 
               
               
                 20 
                 −734.696609024 
                 −220.431435837 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 94.085 
               
               
                 21 
                 −277.004238298AS 
                 −15.426909916 
                 CAF2HL 
                 −1.55840983 
                 96.283 
               
               
                 22 
                 −460.130899964 
                 −74.271177440 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 95.326 
               
               
                 23 
                 −158.318468619 
                 −30.586960517 
                 CAF2HL 
                 −1.55840983 
                 91.580 
               
               
                 24 
                 −162.867000225 
                 −41.410948173 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 84.915 
               
               
                 25 
                 419.508310212 
                 −20.539965049 
                 CAF2HL 
                 −1.55840983 
                 84.171 
               
               
                 26 
                 −238.581080262 
                 −32.165915708 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 85.183 
               
               
                 27 
                 −430.197019246 
                 −30.182066783 
                 CAF2HL 
                 −1.55840983 
                 92.511 
               
               
                 28 
                 691.939037816AS 
                 −23.123455275 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 93.802 
               
               
                 29 
                 −241.462660758AS 
                 −10.000000000 
                 CAF2HL 
                 −1.55840983 
                 97.962 
               
               
                 30 
                 −182.472613831 
                 −25.738903727 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 96.437 
               
               
                 31 
                 −420.041190250 
                 −36.705938298 
                 CAF2HL 
                 −1.55840983 
                 98.835 
               
               
                 32 
                 324.867666879AS 
                 −7.314163393 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 99.389 
               
               
                 33 
                 −149.830817441 
                 −28.311419778 
                 CAF2HL 
                 −1.55840983 
                 94.515 
               
               
                 34 
                 −315.631878253AS 
                 −15.768661491 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 91.448 
               
               
                 35 
                 0.000000000 
                 −3.044279163 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 91.163 
               
               
                 36 
                 −172.862510793 
                 −12.271843841 
                 CAF2HL 
                 −1.55840983 
                 87.933 
               
               
                 37 
                 −115.635345524 
                 −27.331297691 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 81.792 
               
               
                 38 
                 −229.213645994AS 
                 −32.436472831 
                 CAF2HL 
                 −1.55840983 
                 82.538 
               
               
                 39 
                 474.721571790 
                 −4.085179748 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 81.887 
               
               
                 40 
                 −152.435372054 
                 −30.802088433 
                 CAF2HL 
                 −1.55840983 
                 75.743 
               
               
                 41 
                 −530.778945822 
                 −8.090865960 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 70.786 
               
               
                 42 
                 −159.504999222 
                 −41.060952888 
                 CAF2HL 
                 −1.55840983 
                 63.559 
               
               
                 43 
                 3040.455878600 
                 −4.476231798 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 51.715 
               
               
                 44 
                 −226.630329417AS 
                 −24.123224774 
                 CAF2HL 
                 −1.55840983 
                 44.004 
               
               
                 45 
                 897.778633917 
                 −0.971829936 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 33.650 
               
               
                 46 
                 0.000000000 
                 −9.798128149 
                 CAF2HL 
                 −1.55840983 
                 31.626 
               
               
                 47 
                 0.000000000 
                 0.000000000 
                 IMMERS 
                 −1.39000000 
                 26.153 
               
               
                 48 
                 0.000000000 
                 −7.818040520 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 26.153 
               
               
                 49 
                 0.000000000 
                 0.000266950 
                   
                 −1.00000000 
                 17.067 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 ASPHERIC CONSTANTS 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 SURFACE NO. 6 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 K 
                 0.0000 
               
               
                   
                 C1 
                 3.87858881e−009 
               
               
                   
                 C2 
                 −1.57703627e−013 
               
               
                   
                 C3 
                 1.62703226e−017 
               
               
                   
                 C4 
                 −1.12332671e−021 
               
               
                   
                 C5 
                 −1.51356191e−026 
               
               
                   
                 C6 
                 8.57130323e−031 
               
             
          
           
               
                 SURFACE NO. 12 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 K 
                 0.0000 
               
               
                   
                 C1 
                 3.87858881e−009 
               
               
                   
                 C2 
                 −1.57703627e−013 
               
               
                   
                 C3 
                 1.62703226e−017 
               
               
                   
                 C4 
                 −1.12332671e−021 
               
               
                   
                 C5 
                 −1.51356191e−026 
               
               
                   
                 C6 
                 8.57130323e−031 
               
             
          
           
               
                 SURFACE NO. 19 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 K 
                 0.0000 
               
               
                   
                 C1 
                 3.62918557e−009 
               
               
                   
                 C2 
                 6.75596543e−014 
               
               
                   
                 C3 
                 5.68408321e−019 
               
               
                   
                 C4 
                 −6.78832654e−023 
               
               
                   
                 C5 
                 6.78338885e−027 
               
               
                   
                 C6 
                 −2.05303753e−031 
               
             
          
           
               
                 SURFACE NO. 21 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 K 
                 0.0000 
               
               
                   
                 C1 
                 1.19759751e−008 
               
               
                   
                 C2 
                 7.35438590e−014 
               
               
                   
                 C3 
                 7.03292772e−019 
               
               
                   
                 C4 
                 −1.26321026e−023 
               
               
                   
                 C5 
                 −3.01047364e−027 
               
               
                   
                 C6 
                 2.08735313e−031 
               
             
          
           
               
                 SURFACE NO. 28 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 K 
                 0.0000 
               
               
                   
                 C1 
                 −8.39294529e−009 
               
               
                   
                 C2 
                 −3.39607506e−013 
               
               
                   
                 C3 
                 8.76320979e−018 
               
               
                   
                 C4 
                 −1.43578199e−021 
               
               
                   
                 C5 
                 5.59234999e−026 
               
               
                   
                 C6 
                 2.01810948e−030 
               
             
          
           
               
                 SURFACE NO. 29 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 K 
                 0.0000 
               
               
                   
                 C1 
                 1.74092829e−008 
               
               
                   
                 C2 
                 −1.69607632e−013 
               
               
                   
                 C3 
                 1.18281063e−017 
               
               
                   
                 C4 
                 −3.08190938e−021 
               
               
                   
                 C5 
                 1.70082968e−025 
               
               
                   
                 C6 
                 −1.68479126e−030 
               
             
          
           
               
                 SURFACE NO. 32 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 K 
                 0.0000 
               
               
                   
                 C1 
                 −3.60582630e−011 
               
               
                   
                 C2 
                 2.95599027e−015 
               
               
                   
                 C3 
                 −7.37891981e−019 
               
               
                   
                 C4 
                 6.32721261e−023 
               
               
                   
                 C5 
                 −3.13935388e−027 
               
               
                   
                 C6 
                 0.00000000e+000 
               
             
          
           
               
                 SURFACE NO. 34 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 K 
                 0.0000 
               
               
                   
                 C1 
                 −2.14453018e−008 
               
               
                   
                 C2 
                 6.73947641e−013 
               
               
                   
                 C3 
                 −4.84677574e−017 
               
               
                   
                 C4 
                 5.99264335e−021 
               
               
                   
                 C5 
                 −2.87629386e−025 
               
               
                   
                 C6 
                 3.90592520e−031 
               
             
          
           
               
                 SURFACE NO. 38 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 K 
                 0.0000 
               
               
                   
                 C1 
                 1.60415031e−008 
               
               
                   
                 C2 
                 4.78837509e−015 
               
               
                   
                 C3 
                 2.08320399e−016 
               
               
                   
                 C4 
                 −2.87713700e−020 
               
               
                   
                 C5 
                 1.77485272e−024 
               
               
                   
                 C6 
                 −1.93501550e−029 
               
             
          
           
               
                 SURFACE NO. 44 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 K 
                 0.0000 
               
               
                   
                 C1 
                 −6.56394686e−008 
               
               
                   
                 C2 
                 −8.25210588e−012 
               
               
                   
                 C3 
                 −1.27328625e−016 
               
               
                   
                 C4 
                 −1.16616292e−020 
               
               
                   
                 C5 
                 −1.58133131e−023 
               
               
                   
                 C6 
                 6.39526832e−027