PATENT ABSTRACT
A new type of gene trap cassette, which can induce conditional mutations, relies on directional site-specific recombination systems, which can repair and re-induce gene trap mutations when activated in succession. After the gene trap cassettes are inserted into the genome of the target organism, mutations can be activated at a particular time and place in somatic cells. The gene trap cassettes also create multipurpose alleles amendable to a wide range of post-insertional modifications. Such gene trap cassettes can be used to mutationally inactivate all cellular genes temporally and/or spatially. Cells which contain the inventive gene trap cassette can be used for identification and/or isolation of genes and for the creation of transgenic organisms to study gene function at various developmental stages, including the adult, as well as for the creation of animal models of human disease useful for in vivo drug target validation.

PATENT DESCRIPTION
[0001]    The present invention provides for a new type of gene trap cassettes, which can induce conditional mutations. The cassettes rely on directional site-specific recombination systems, which can repair and re-induce gene trap mutations when activated in succession. After the gene trap cassettes are inserted into the genome of the target organism, mutations can be activated at a particular time and place in somatic cells. In addition to their conditional features, the gene trap cassettes create multipurpose alleles amenable to a wide range of post-insertional modifications. Such gene trap cassettes can be used to mutationally inactivate all cellular genes. In addition, the invention relates to a cell, preferably a mammalian cell, which contains the above mentioned gene trap cassette. Moreover, the invention relates to the use of said cell for identification and/or isolation of genes and for the creation of transgenic organisms to study gene function at various developmental stages, including the adult, as well as for the creation of animal models of human disease useful for in vivo drug target validation. In conclusion, the present invention provides a process which enables a temporally and/or spatially restricted inactivation of all genes that constitute a living organism. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    With the complete sequencing of the human and mouse genomes, attention has shifted towards comprehensive functional annotation of mammalian genes (Austin, C. P. et al., Nat. Genet. 36, 921-4 (2004); Auwerx, J. et al., Nat. Genet. 36, 925-7 (2004)). Among the various approaches for addressing gene function, the most relevant for extrapolation to human genetic disease is mutagenesis in the mouse. Although several model organisms have been used in a variety of mutagenesis approaches, the mouse offers particular advantages because its genome structure and organization is closely related to the human genome. Most importantly, mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells, which grow indefinitely in tissue culture, allow the generation of mice with defined mutations in single genes for functional analysis and studies of human disease. 
         [0003]    Several mutagenesis strategies have been deployed in mice, ranging from random chemical (ENU) mutagenesis coupled with phenotype driven screens (Cox., R. D. and Brown, S. D., Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 13, 278-83 (2003); Brown, S. D. and Balling, R. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 11, 268-73 (2001)) to sequence-based approaches using ES cell technology, such as gene trapping and gene targeting (Floss, T. and Wurst, W., Methods Mol. Biol. 185, 347-79 (2002); Mansouri, A., Methods Mol. Biol. 175, 397-413 (2001)). 
         [0004]    Gene trapping is a high-throughput approach that is used to introduce insertional mutations across the mouse genome. It is performed with gene trap vectors whose principal element is a gene trap cassette consisting of a promoterless reporter gene and/or selectable marker gene flanked by an upstream 3′ splice site (splice acceptor; SA) and a downstream transcriptional termination sequence (polyadenylation sequence; polyA). When inserted into an intron of an expressed gene, the gene trap cassette is transcribed from the endogenous promoter in the form of a fusion transcript in which the exon(s) upstream of the insertion site is (are) spliced in frame to the reporter/selectable marker gene. Since transcription is terminated prematurely at the inserted polyadenylation site, the processed fusion transcript encodes a truncated and non-functional version of the cellular protein and the reporter/selectable marker (Stanford, W. L. et al., Nat. Rev. Genet. 2, 756-68 (2001)). Thus, gene traps simultaneously inactivate and report the expression of the trapped gene at the insertion site, and provide a DNA tag (gene trap sequence tag, GTST) for the rapid identification of the disrupted gene. As gene trap vectors insert randomly across the genome, a large number of mutations can be generated in ES cells within a limited number of experiments. Gene trap approaches have been used successfully in the past by both academic and private organizations to create libraries of ES cell lines harboring mutations in single genes (Wiles, M. V. et al., Nat. Genet. 24, 13-4 (2000); Hansen, J. et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100, 9918-22 (2003); Stryke, D. et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 31, 278-81 (2003); Zambrowicz, B. P. et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100, 14109-14 (2003)). Collectively, the existing resources cover about 66% of all protein coding genes within the mouse genome (Skarnes, W. C. et al., Nat. Genet. 36, 543-4 (2004)). However, the gene trap vectors which have been used to generate the currently available resources induce only null mutations and mouse mutants generated from these libraries can report only the earliest and non-redundant developmental function of the trapped gene. Therefore, for most of the mutant strains the significance of the trapped gene for human disease remains uncertain, as most human disorders result from late onset gene dysfunction. In addition, between 20%-30% of the genes targeted in ES cells are required for development and cause embryonic lethal phenotypes when transferred to the germline, which precludes their functional analysis in the adult (Hansen, J. et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100, 9918-22 (2003); Mitchell, K. J. et al., Nat. Genet. 28, 241-9 (2001)). 
         [0005]    To circumvent the limitations posed by germine mutations, conditional gene targeting strategies use site-specific recombination to spatially and temporally restrict the mutation to somatic cells (von Melchner, H. and Stewart, A. F., Handbook of Stem Cells, ed. Lanza, R., Vol. 1, pp 609-622 (2004)). The creation of conditional mouse mutants requires the generation of two mouse strains, i.e. the recombinase recognition strain and the recombinase expressing strain. The recombinase recognition strain is generated by homologous recombination in ES cells whereby the targeted exon(s) is (are) flanked by two recombinase recognition sequences (hereinafter “RRSs”), e.g. loxP or frt. Since the RRSs reside in introns they do not interfere with gene expression. The recombinase expressing strain contains a recombinase transgene (e.g. Cre, Flp) whose expression is either restricted to certain cells and tissues or is inducible by external agents. Crossing of the recombinase recognition strain with the recombinase expressing strain deletes the RRS-flanked exons from the doubly transgenic offspring in a prespecified temporally and/or spatially restricted manner. Thus, the method allows the temporal analysis of gene function in particular cells and tissues of otherwise widely expressed genes. Moreover, it enables the analysis of gene function in the adult organism by circumventing embryonic lethality, which is frequently the consequence of gene inactivation. For pharmaceutical research, aiming to validate the utility of genes and their products as targets for drug development, inducible mutations provide an excellent genetic tool. However, targeted mutagenesis in ES cells requires a detailed knowledge of gene structure and organization in order to physically isolate a gene in a targeting vector. Although the completed sequencing of the mouse genome greatly assists targeted mutagenesis, the generation of mutant mouse strains by this procedure is still time consuming, labor intensive, expensive and relatively inefficient as it can handle only one target at a time. 
         [0006]    To address this problem a conditional gene trapping strategy as described in WO 99/50426 has been developed. It utilizes a gene trap cassette capable of producing mutations that can be switched on and off in a spatio-temporal restricted manner. These gene trap cassettes comprise suitably arranged frt or loxP recombinase recognition sites, which—when exposed to Flp or Cre, respectively—lead to removal or inversion of the gene trap cassette and thereby to induction or repair of the mutation. However, recombination reactions mediated by conventional site specific recombinases, such as FLPe and Cre are normally reversible (described in the above documents) between identical recombinase recognition sites (e.g., two loxP or two frt sites). In a conditional gene trap setting, where the recombinase effects a “flipping” of the gene trap cassette as described in the above documents, this would mean that equal amounts of sense and antisense products would be generated, so that one half of the targeted alleles carrying the gene trap would be inactivated whereas the other half would still have a functional configuration. Therefore, it is important to shift the equilibrium of the recombinase reaction towards the gene trap inversion that causes gene inactivation. 
         [0007]    The shifting of the equilibrium of the recombinase reaction was achieved with a gene trap system comprising two specific recombinase recognition sites capable of unidirectional inversion if exposed to the corresponding recombinase. Suitable recombination systems are for example the Cre/loxP recombination system with mutant loxP recognition sites (e.g., single mutant recognition sites lox66 and lox71; Albert et al., Plant J., 7, 649-659 (1995)), which—if subjected to Cre recombination—generates a double mutant- and a wildtype-loxP site, each on one side of the inverted DNA. Since the latter combination of loxP sites is less efficiently recognised by the Cre-recombinase, the inversion is predominantly unidirectional. 
         [0008]    An only predominantly unidirectional inversion, however, has the disadvantage that a significant number of non-inverted cassettes will also be present. While this is acceptable for cultured cells, it cannot be tolerated in the living animal. 
         [0009]    WO 02/088353 and Schnutgen, F. et al., Nat. Biotechnol. 21, 562-5 (2003) disclose a new strategy for directional site specific recombination termed “flip-excision” (“FIEx”). Two sets of incompatible site-specific recombination recognition sites are flanking the DNA fragment to be inverted, in the same order but in reverse orientation. 
         [0010]    However, there is still a need for a site specific recombination strategy that is truly directional to enable successive gene trap cassette inversions to first repair and then re-induce a gene trap mutation. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0011]    It was found that the FIEx strategy, if applied on a gene trap cassette of the present invention, allows for true unidirectional inversions. In particular, the gene trap cassettes employ two directional site-specific recombination systems, which, when activated in succession, invert the gene trap cassette from its mutagenic orientation on the sense, coding strand to a non-mutagenic orientation on the anti-sense, non-coding strand and back to a mutagenic orientation on the sense, coding strand. These cassettes rely on directional site-specific recombination systems, and can induce conditional mutations in most genes expressed in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. They were used to assemble the largest library of ES cell lines with conditional mutations in single genes yet assembled, presently totaling 1,000 unique genes. Moreover, it could be shown that mutations induced by these vectors in ES cells can be both repaired and re-induced by site-specific recombination. 
         [0012]    The present invention thus provides: 
         [0000]    (1) a gene trap cassette capable of causing conditional mutations in genes, which comprises a functional DNA segment (FS) inserted in a mutagenic or non-mutagenic manner, in sense or antisense direction relative to the gene to be trapped, said FS being flanked by the recombinase recognition sequences (RRSs) of at least two independent directional site-specific recombination systems, wherein each system
 
(i) comprises two pairs of heterotypic RRSs, said RRSs being oriented in opposite orientation and the RRSs of the two pairs being lined up in opposite order on both sides of the FS, and
 
(ii) is capable of inverting FS by means of a recombinase mediated flip-excision mechanism;
 
(2) a preferred embodiment of the gene trap cassette defined in (1) above, which comprises two functional DNA segments,
       (a) a first DNA segment (disruption segment) having a FS being oriented in antisense orientation relative to the transcriptional orientation of the gene to be trapped and being flanked by the RRSs of said at least two independent directional site-specific recombination systems, and   (b) a second segment (selection segment) being positioned in sense direction relative to the transcriptional orientation of the gene to be trapped and being flanked by two RRSs of a third site specific recombinase in the same orientation;
 
(3) a cell, a culture of cells or tissue, or a transgenic organism comprising the gene trap cassette as defined in (1) or (2) above;
 
(4) a process for preparing the cell, the culture of cells or tissue, or the transgenic organism of (3) above, which comprises introducing a gene trap cassette as defined in (1) or (2) above into a suitable cell;
 
(5) a process for the generation of conditional mutations in one or more genes of an organism comprising
       (i) introduction of a gene trap cassette as defined in (1) or (2) above into a suitable cell,   (ii) selection of cells in which the construct is incorporated in a gene,   (iii) identification and/or isolation of the gene in which the construct is incorporated;
 
(6) a transgenic mammal, preferably a transgenic non-human mammal obtainable by the method of (5) above;
 
(7) the use of the cell, the culture of cells or tissue, or the transgenic organism of (3) above for the identification and/or isolation of genes; and
 
(8) the use of the transgenic organism of (3) above or the transgenic mammal of (6) above
       (i) to study gene function at various developmental stages;   (ii) as an animal model of human disease; or   (iii) as an in vivo drug target validation model in drug development.   
       
 
     
    
     
       DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES 
         [0021]      FIG. 1  shows conditional gene trap vectors and the mechanism of gene inactivation. 
           [0022]    A: Schematic representation of the retroviral gene trap vectors. LTR, long terminal repeat; frt (yellow triangles) and F3 (green triangles), heterotypic target sequences for the FLPe recombinase; loxP (red triangles) and lox511 (purple triangles), heterotypic target sequences for the Cre recombinase; SA, splice acceptor; βgeo, β-galactosidase/neomycinphosphotransferase fusion gene; pA, bovine growth hormone polyadenylation sequence; TM, human CD2 receptor transmembrane domain; Ceo, human CD2 cell surface receptor/neomycinphosphotransferase fusion gene. 
           [0023]    B: Conditional gene inactivation by a SAβgeopA cassette. The SAβgeopA cassette flanked by recombinase target sites (RTs) in a FIEx configuration is illustrated after integration into an intron of an expressed gene. Transcripts (shown as grey arrows) initiated at the endogenous promoter are spliced from the splice donor (SD) of an endogenous exon (here exon 1) to the splice acceptor (SA) of the SAβgeopA cassette. Thereby the βgeo reporter gene is expressed and the endogenous transcript is captured and prematurely terminated at the cassette&#39;s polyadenylation sequence (pA) causing a mutation. In step 1, FLPe inverts the SAβgeopA cassette onto the anti-sense, non-coding strand at either frt (shown) or F3 (not shown) RTs and positions frt and F3 sites between direct repeats of F3 and frt RTs, respectively. By simultaneously excising the heterotypic RTs (step 2), the cassette is locked against re-inversion as the remaining frt and F3 RTs cannot recombine. This reactivates normal splicing between the endogenous splice sites, thereby repairing the mutation. Cre mediated inversion in steps 3 and 4 repositions the SAβgeopA cassette back onto the sense, coding strand and reinduces the mutation. Note that the recombination products of steps 1 and 3 are transient and transformed into the stable products of step 2 and 4, respectively (Schnütgen, F. et al., Nat. Biotechnol. 21, 562-5 (2003)). 
           [0024]      FIG. 2  shows site-specific recombinase induced inversions in FlipRosaβgeo trapped ES cell lines. 
           [0025]    A and B: ES cells were infected with FlipROSAβgeo virus and selected in G418. X-Gal positive sub-lines (blue) were electroporated with FLPe (A) or Cre (B) expression plasmids and stained with X-Gal after incubating for 10 days. DNA extracted from blue and white sub-lines was subjected to a multiplex PCR to identify inversions. Primer positions within FlipRosaβgeo are indicated by large arrows; allele specific amplification products are visualized on ethidium bromide stained gels to the right. Legend: t, trapped allele; inv, inverted allele; M, molecular weight marker (1 kb+ladder, Invitrogen); lanes 1-3, parental FlipRosaβgeo trapped ES cell line; lanes 4-6, FLPe (A) and Cre (B) inverted sub-line. 
           [0026]    C: sub-lines of the FS4B6 ES cell line harboring Cre or FLPe inverted gene trap insertions were electroporated with both FLPe and Cre expression plasmids. The amplification products obtained from the progeny lines by allele specific PCR are visualized on the ethidium bromide stained gel to the right. Legend: t, trapped allele; inv, inverted allele; re-inv, re-inverted allele; M, molecular weight marker (1 kb+ladder, Invitrogen); FS4B6 (lanes 1-3), parental FlipRosaβgeo trapped ES cell line; FS4B6C14 (lanes 4-6), Cre inverted sub-line; FS4B6F14 (lanes 7-9), FLPe inverted sub-line. 
           [0027]      FIG. 3  shows conditional mutation induced by a FlipRosaβgeo gene trap insertion in the RBBP7 gene (ENSEMBL ID: ENSMUSG0000031353). The Q017B06 gene trap cell line (t) was transiently transfected with a FLPe expression plasmid and several sub-lines with inverted gene trap cassettes were identified by X-Gal staining and allele specific PCR (inv). Inverted sub-lines were then electroporated with a Cre expression plasmid and enriched for re-inversions by selecting in G418 (re-inv). 
           [0028]    A: X-Gal staining (top) and allele specific PCR amplification products (bottom) from the trapped RBBP7 locus in trapped (t), inverted (inv) and re-inverted (re-inv) Q017B06 cell lines. Primers used for the multiplex PCR reactions were identical to those shown in the diagrams of  FIG. 2 . 
           [0029]    B: RT-PCR for the amplification of RBBP7 wild-type and trapped fusion transcripts expressed in Q017B06 cells before and after exposure to FLPe and Cre recombinases. The positions of the primers used are shown on top whereby U19=5′-GCT CTT GAC TAG CGA GAG AGA AG-3′ (SEQ ID NO: 12), B32=5′-CAA GGC GAT TAA GTT GGG TAA CG-3′ (SEQ ID NO:13), U34=5′-CCA GAA GGA MG GAT TAT GC-3′ (SEQ ID NO:14), and U35=5′-ACA GAG CM ATG ACC CM GG-3′ (SEQ ID NO:15). Amplification products are visualized below on ethidium bromide stained gels. Amplification of the RNA polymerase II transcript (RNApol II) serves as a positive control. wt, parental ES cells; t, trapped Q017B06 cells; inv, inverted Q017B06 sub-line; re-inv, re-inverted Q017B06 sub-line; endo, endogenous transcript; fus, fusion transcript. 
           [0030]    C: Western blot analysis of the RBBP7 protein expressed in Q017B06 cells. Crude cell lysates from the F1 (wt), Q017B06 (t), inverted Q017B06 (inv) and re-inverted Q017B06 (re-inv) ES cells were resolved by SDS-PAGE and analyzed by Western blotting using the anti-RbAp46 antibody. The anti-lamin A antibody served as a loading control. 
           [0031]      FIG. 4  shows conditional mutation induced by a FlipRosaCeo gene trap insertion in the Glt28d1 gene (ENSEMBL ID: ENSMUST00000040338). The M117B08 gene trap line was treated with recombinases and processed as described for Q017B06 in the Legend to  FIG. 3 , except that Cre was used for the first inversion and FLPe for the second. 
           [0032]    A: Allele specific PCR of the trapped Glt28d1 locus in trapped (t), inverted (inv) and re-inverted cell lines. 
           [0033]    B: RT-PCR of Glt28d1 wild type and Glt28d1/gene trap fusion transcripts expressed in M117B08 cells before and after exposure to Cre and FLPe recombinases. The position of the respective primers within the trapped gene are shown on top whereby M117B8s=5′-GAG AGT GCT GGC CAG CTG GAA C-3′ (SEQ ID NO:16), G01=5′-CAA GTT GAT GTC CTG ACC CM G-3′ (SEQ ID NO:17), and M117B8as1=5′-CCA CCA TAC TCC ACA CAC TCT G-3′ (SEQ ID NO:18). Amplification products are visualized on ethidium bromide stained gels below. Amplification of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) transcript serves as a positive control. wt, parental F1 ES cells; t, trapped M117B08; inv, inverted M117B08 sub-line; re-inv, re-inverted M117B08 sub-line; endo, endogenous transcript; fus, fusion transcript. 
           [0034]    C: Northern blot analysis of Glt28d1 transcripts expressed in M117B08 cells. 2 μg of polyadenylated RNAs from F1 (wt), Q017B06 (t), inverted M117B08 (inv) and re-inverted M117B08 (re-inv) ES cells were fractionated on 1% formaldehyde/agarose gels and hybridized to a  32 P-labeled Glt28d1 c-DNA probe. The Glt28d1 probe was obtained by asymmetric RT-PCR using a reverse primer in exon 10 to amplify sequences upstream of the insertion site. The loading of each lane was then assessed by using a GAPDH probe. Legend: see  FIG. 4B ; Glt28d1, Glt28d1 transcript. 
           [0035]      FIG. 5  shows the distribution of gene trap (GT) insertions according to the position of the trapped intron within genes. The data are based on NCBI mouse genome build 33 and RefSeq release 8. 
         DEFINITIONS 
         [0036]    “Target Gene” defines a specific gene consisting of exons and at least one intron to be trapped by a gene trap vector. 
           [0037]    “Gene disruption and selection cassette (GDSC)” refers to genetic elements comprising from 5′ to 3′ a splice acceptor sequence, a reporter and/or selection gene and a polyadenylation sequence. 
           [0038]    A “further” or “third” recombinase in the context of present application is a recombinase, which does not interfere with said at least two recombination systems of embodiments (1) and (2). 
           [0039]    “Gene trapping” refers to a random mutagenesis approach in functional genomics and is based on the random integration of a gene disruption and selection cassette into a genome. 
           [0040]    “Gene targeting” is a gene specific mutagensis approach in functional genomics and is based on the insertion of a GDSC in combination with an independently expressed selection cassette into the genome by homologous recombination (this is for targeting non-expressed genes). 
           [0041]    “Targeted trapping” refers to a gene specific mutagenesis approach in functional genomics and is based on the insertion of a GDSC into the genome by homologous recombination (this is for targeting expressed genes). 
           [0042]    “Gene trap vector” refers to a promoterless gene trapping construct which inserts a GDSC into an intron, so that it induces a fusion transcript with the targeted endogenous gene. 
           [0043]    “Reporter gene” refers to a gene encoding for a gene product (e.g. CAT, βgalactosidase, βgeo, GFP, EGFP, alkaline phosphatase) that can be readily detected by standard biochemical assays. 
           [0044]    “Selectable marker gene” refers to a gene, which is transduced into a cell (i.e. transfected or infected) where its expression allows for the isolation of gene trap vector-expressing cells in media containing a selecting agent, e.g. neomycin, puromycin, hygromycin, HSV-thymidine kinase. 
           [0045]    “PolyA” (A=adenylic acid) refers to a nucleic acid sequence that comprises the AAUAAA consensus sequence, which enables polyadenylation of a processed transcript. In a gene disruption or selection cassette (GDSC), the polyA sequence is located downstream to the reporter and/or selectable marker gene and signals the end of the transcript to the RNA-polymerase. 
           [0046]    “Splicing” refers to the process by which non-coding regions (introns) are removed from primary RNA transcripts to produce mature messenger RNA (mRNA) containing only exons. 
           [0047]    “5“splice site” (splice donor, SD)” and “3′ splice site” (splice acceptor, SA) refer to intron flanking consensus sequences that mark the sites of splicing. 
           [0048]    “inversion” refers to a case wherein the GDSC segment is excised from the gene and reinserted in an orientation opposite to its original orientation, so that the gene sequence for the segment is reversed with respect to that of the rest of the chromosome. Said inversions can by accomplished by using recombinase enzymes (e.g. Cre, FLPe). 
           [0049]    “ROSA” (Reverse-Orientation-Splice-Acceptor) refers to a gene trap cassette inserted into a retroviral backbone in reverse transcriptional orientation relative to the retrovirus. 
           [0050]    “homotypic RRSs” refer to site specific recombinase target sequences that are identical and can recombine with one another in presence of the appropriate recombinase (eg. loxP/loxP, lox5171/lox5171, frt/frt, F3/F3). 
           [0051]    “heterotypic RRSs” refer to site specific recombinase target sequences with affinity to the same recombinase (e.g. Cre or FLPe) that are not identical (e.g. loxP/lox5171, frt/F3) and cannot recombine with one another in presence of the appropriate recombinase. 
           [0052]    An “organism” in the context of the present invention includes eucaryotes and procaryotes. Eucaryotes within the meaning of the invention include animals, human beings and plants. Further, the animal is preferably a vertebrate (such as a mammal or fish) or an invertebrate (such as an insect or worm). In one particularly preferred aspect of the invention, the vertebrate is a non-human mammal, such as a rodent, most preferably is a mouse. 
           [0053]    “Cells, cell cultures and tissues” in the context of present invention are derived from an organism as defined above. 
           [0000]    
         
           
                 
               
                 
                 
               
                 
                 
               
                 
                 
                 
                 
               
                 
                 
               
                 
                 
                 
                 
               
                 
                 
               
                 
                 
                 
                 
               
                 
                 
               
                 
                 
                 
                 
               
                 
                 
               
             
                 
                     
                 
                 
                   Sequence Listing: Detailed Description of Sequence Features 
                 
               
            
             
                 
                   SEQ ID NO: 
                   free text 
                 
                 
                     
                 
               
            
             
                 
                   1 
                   pFlipROSAβgeo 
                 
               
            
             
                 
                     
                   Element 
                   Position 
                     
                 
                 
                     
                   F3 
                   1391-1438 
                 
                 
                     
                   frt 
                   1445-1492 
                 
                 
                     
                   lox511 
                   1543-1576 
                 
                 
                     
                   loxP 
                   1623-1656 
                 
                 
                     
                   bGHpA 
                   1974-1696 
                 
                 
                     
                   beta Geo 
                   5886-1993 
                 
                 
                     
                   AdSA 
                   6018-5888 
                 
                 
                     
                   lox511 
                   6068-6101 
                 
                 
                     
                   loxP 
                   6148-6181 
                 
                 
                     
                   F3 
                   6232-6279 
                 
                 
                     
                   frt 
                   6337-6384 
                 
               
            
             
                 
                   2 
                   prFlipROSAβgeo 
                 
               
            
             
                 
                     
                   Element 
                   Position 
                     
                 
                 
                     
                   F3 
                   1391-1438 
                 
                 
                     
                   frt 
                   1445-1492 
                 
                 
                     
                   lox5171 
                   1543-1576 
                 
                 
                     
                   loxP 
                   1623-1656 
                 
                 
                     
                   bGHpA 
                   1974-1696 
                 
                 
                     
                   beta Geo 
                   5886-1993 
                 
                 
                     
                   AdSA 
                   6018-5888 
                 
                 
                     
                   lox5171 
                   6068-6101 
                 
                 
                     
                   loxP 
                   6148-6181 
                 
                 
                     
                   F3 
                   6232-6279 
                 
                 
                     
                   frt 
                   6337-6384 
                 
               
            
             
                 
                   3 
                   pFlipROSACeo 
                 
               
            
             
                 
                     
                   Element 
                   Position 
                     
                 
                 
                     
                   F3 
                   1391-1438 
                 
                 
                     
                   frt 
                   1445-1492 
                 
                 
                     
                   lox511 
                   1543-1576 
                 
                 
                     
                   loxP 
                   1623-1656 
                 
                 
                     
                   bGHpA 
                   1974-1696 
                 
                 
                     
                   Ceo 
                   3566-1997 
                 
                 
                     
                   lox511 
                   3581-3614 
                 
                 
                     
                   loxP 
                   3661-3694 
                 
                 
                     
                   F3 
                   3745-3792 
                 
                 
                     
                   frt 
                   3850-3897 
                 
               
            
             
                 
                   4 
                   prFLipROSACeo 
                 
               
            
             
                 
                     
                   Element 
                   Position 
                     
                 
                 
                     
                   F3 
                   1391-1438 
                 
                 
                     
                   frt 
                   1445-1492 
                 
                 
                     
                   lox5171 
                   1543-1576 
                 
                 
                     
                   loxP 
                   1623-1656 
                 
                 
                     
                   bGHpA 
                   1974-1696 
                 
                 
                     
                   Ceo 
                   3566-1997 
                 
                 
                     
                   lox5171 
                   3581-3614 
                 
                 
                     
                   loxP 
                   3661-3694 
                 
                 
                     
                   F3 
                   3745-3792 
                 
                 
                     
                   frt 
                   3850-3897 
                 
               
            
             
                 
                   5 
                   loxP 
                 
                 
                   6 
                   lox511 
                 
                 
                   7 
                   lox5171 
                 
                 
                   8 
                   lox2272 
                 
                 
                   9 
                   frt 
                 
                 
                   10 
                   f3 
                 
                 
                   11 
                   f5 
                 
                 
                   12 
                   U19 
                 
                 
                   13 
                   B32 
                 
                 
                   14 
                   U34 
                 
                 
                   15 
                   U35 
                 
                 
                   16 
                   M117B8s 
                 
                 
                   17 
                   G01 
                 
                 
                   18 
                   M117B8as1 
                 
                 
                     
                 
               
            
           
         
       
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0054]    The gene trap cassettes (1) and (2) are hereinafter described in more detail. They preferably comprise the structure 
         [0000]      5′-L1-A-L2-B-L3-C-L4-FS-L3-D-L4-E-L1-F-L2-3′, 
         [0000]    wherein
 
L1 and L2 are the heterotypic RRSs of the first site-specific recombination system,
 
L3 and L4 are the heterotypic RRSs of the second site-specific recombination system, both arrayed on either site of the FS in opposite orientations relative to each other and
 
A to F are independently from each other either a chemical bond or a spacer polynucleotide. Preferably, (i) B and E are chemical bonds; and/or (ii) at least either A or F and either C or D is a spacer polynucleotide. In other words, spacer polynucleotides are not required between L1 and L2 or between L3 and L4 on both sides of the FS, as spacer polynucleotides on one side are sufficient. Furthermore, there are no spacers required between L2 and L3 or L4 and L1.
 
         [0055]    It is moreover preferred that in the gene trap cassette the RRSs of said at least two independent directional site-specific recombination systems are recognized by recombinases selected from the site specific recombinases Cre or Dre of bacteriophage P1, FLP recombinase of  Saccharomyces cerevisiae , R recombinase of  Zygosaccharomyces rouxii  pSR1, the A recombinase of  Kluyveromyces drosophilarium  pKD1, the A recombinase of  K. waltii  pKW1, the integrase λ Int, the recombinase of the GIN recombination system of the Mu phage, the bacterial p recombinase, and variants thereof. Preferably, the two recombinases are Cre and FLPe, or their natural or synthetic variants. Most preferably, at least two recombinases are Cre and FLPe. 
         [0056]    Site specific recombinase variants refers to derivatives of the wild-type recombinases and/or their coding sequence which are due to truncations, substitions, deletions and/or additions of amino acids or nucleotides, respectively, their respective sequences. Preferably, said variants are due to homologous substitution of amino acids or degenerated codon usage. The said Cre recombinase of bacteriophage P1 (Abremski et al., J Biol Chem 216, 391-6 (1984)) is commercially available. Concerning the Dre recombinase it is referred to Sauer B, McDermott J., Nucleic Acids Res. 32:6086-6095 (2004). 
         [0057]    Furthermore the minimum length of the spacer polynucleotides A to F is 30 nt, preferably 70 nt, most preferably about 86 nt if the two pairs of RRSs are frt/F3 and about 46 nt if the two pairs of RRSs are loxP/lox5171. The spacer nucleotides can be up to several kilobases in length and can be a functional gene or cDNA, such as genes or cDNAs coding for selectable marker and/or reporter proteins. 
         [0058]    In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention one recombinase is Cre recombinase and L1 and L2, or L3 and L4 are selected from LoxP, Lox66, Lox71, Lox511, Lox512, Lox514, Lox5171, Lox2272 and other mutants of LoxP including LoxB, LoxR and LoxL, preferably from LoxP (SEQ ID NO:5), Lox511 (SEQ ID NO: 6), Lox 5171 (SEQ ID NO:7) and Lox2272 (SEQ ID NO:8). More preferably, at least one of L1 and L2, or L3 and L4 is selected from Lox5171 and Lox2272. Most preferably, L1 (or L3) comprises a LoxP sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO:5 and L2 (or L4) comprises a Lox5171 sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO:7, or vice versa, or L1 (or L3) comprises a loxP sequence and L2 (or L4) comprises a lox2272 sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO:8, or vice versa, or L1 (or L3) comprises a Lox5171 and L2 (or L4) comprises a Lox2271 sequence, or vice versa. sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO:7, or vice versa; and/or the other recombinase is FLPe recombinase and L3 and L4, or L1 and L2 are selected from frt, F3 and F5, preferably L3 (or L1) comprises a frt sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO:9 and L4 (or L2) comprises a F3 sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO:10, or vice versa. 
         [0059]    In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the functional DNA segment of the construct (1) further comprises one or more of the following functional elements: splice acceptor, splice donor, internal ribosomal entry site (IRES), polyadenylation sequence, a gene coding for a reporter protein, a toxin, a drug resistance gene and a gene coding for a further site specific recombinase. More preferably, the functional DNA segment comprises at least a splice acceptor and a polyadenylation sequence. Suitable splice acceptors include, but are not limited to, the adenovirus type 2 splice acceptor of exon 2 at positions 6018 to 5888 of SEQ ID NOs:1 and 2; suitable donors include, but are not limited to, the adenovirus exon 1 splice donor; suitable IRES include, but are not limited to, that of the ECM virus; and suitable polyadenylation sequences are the polyadenylation sequence of the bovine growth hormone (bpA or bGHpA) such as the sequence of bpA present in positions 1974-1696 of SEQ ID NOs:1-4. 
         [0060]    Suitable reporter genes include, but are not limited to,  E. coli  β-galactosidase, fire fly luciferase, fluorescent proteins (e.g., eGFP) and human placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP). Suitable resistance genes include, but are not limited to, neomycin phosphotransferase, puromycin and hygromycin resistance genes. In a preferred aspect, a fusion gene between reporter and resistance gene is used, like the βgalactosidase/neomycinphosphotransferase fusion gene (βGeo) in positions 5886-1993 of SEQ ID NO:1 or the human CD2 cell surface receptor/neomycinphosphotransferase fusion gene (Ceo) in positions 3566-1997 of SEQ ID NO:3. 
         [0061]    In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the construct (1) further comprises a selection DNA segment suitable for selecting for genes having an incorporated gene trap cassette, said selection DNA segment comprising a reporter or resistance gene and flanking recombinase recognition sites in the same orientation. Suitable resistance genes are those mentioned above, provided, however, that they do not interfere with the resistance gene of the functional DNA segment. Suitable recombinase recognition sites in same orientation include, but are not limited to, loxP and mutants thereof (see SEQ ID NOs:5 to 8), frt and mutants thereof (see SEQ ID NOs:9 to 11), provided, however, that these RRSs do not interfere with the RRSs of the functional segment. Thus, suitable further (third) site specific recombinases are all recombinases mentioned above, which do not interfere with the RRSs of the first and second site-specific recombination system present in the gene trap cassette. 
         [0062]    The present invention provides a site specific recombination system which combines gene trap mutagenesis with site-specific recombination to develop an approach suitable for the large scale induction of conditional mutations in ES cells. The strategy is based on a recently described site-specific recombination strategy (FIEx) (Schnutgen, F. et al., Nat. Biotechnol. 21, 562-5 (2003)), which enables directional inversions of gene trap cassettes at the insertion sites. By using gene trap integrations into X-chromosomal genes, we have shown that gene trap vectors equipped with the FIEx system cause mutations that can be repaired and re-induced. Thus, ES cell lines expressing these gene trap vectors can be used for generating mice either with null- or conditional mutations. For example, to obtain straight knock-outs the cell lines can be converted directly into mice by blastocyst injection. However, to obtain conditional mutations, one would first repair the mutation in ES cells, preferentially with FLPe to reserve the more efficient Cre for in vivo recombination, and then proceed to mouse production. Resulting mice would lack germline mutations but would be vulnerable to somatic mutations inducible by Cre. Depending on the type of Cre and the form of its delivery the mutations can be re-activated in prespecified tissues at prespecified times. 
         [0063]    Due to the inherent recombinase target sites, the vector insertions create multipurpose alleles enabling a large variety of postinsertional modifications by recombinase mediated cassette exchange (RMCE) (Baer, A. and Bode, J., Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 12, 473-80 (2001)). Examples include replacing the gene trap cassettes with Cre recombinase genes to expand the Cre-zoo, or with point mutated minigenes to study point mutations. A further option is the insertion of toxin genes for cell lineage specific ablations. 
         [0064]    The quality of the conditional mutations induced by the gene trap insertions will largely depend on the gene trap&#39;s ability to be neutral from its position on the anti-sense, non-coding strand. While in the two examples described here the anti-sense insertions were innocuous, this will presumably not always be the case. Factors likely to influence the anti-sense neutrality include cryptic splice sites and transcriptional termination signals. In line with this, we have shown previously that aberrant splicing induced by an anti-sense gene trap insertion resulted in a partial gene inactivation and an interesting phenotype (Sterner-Kock, A., Genes Dev. 16, 2264-2273 (2002)). Thus, the most likely outcome of anti-sense insertions that interfere with gene expression are hypomorphic mutations, which have a merit of their own. However, in silico analysis failed to identify sequences that might interfere with gene expression from the anti-sense strands of the present vectors, suggesting that the majority of their insertions create bona fide conditional alleles. 
         [0065]    By using the vectors in high throughput screens, we have assembled the largest library of ES cell lines with conditional mutations of single protein coding genes, including secretory pathway genes. Presently, it contains about 1,000 potentially conditional alleles (Tab. 1 and 2), which is about ten times the number produced within the last ten years by gene targeting. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Trapping efficiency with conditional gene trap vectors 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Gene trap vector 
                 FlipRosaβgeo 
                 FlipRosaCeo 
                 Total 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Number of ES cell lines 
                 3,604 
                 921 
                 4,525 
               
               
                 Number of GTSTs 
                 3,257 
                 881 
                 4,138 
               
               
                 Number of insertions into 
                 2,944 (90%) 
                 873 (99%) 
                 3,817 (92%) 
               
               
                 annotated genes 
               
               
                 Number of unique genes 
                   924 
                 275 
                 1,000 
               
               
                 trapped 
               
               
                 Number of “hot spots”** 
                   505 (16%) 
                  98 (11%) 
                   603 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 *Analysis based on NCBI mouse genome build 33 and RefSeq release 8. 
               
               
                 **All genes with = 2 insertions were classified as hot spots. 
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Unique genes trapped with 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Acc_No 
                 Symbol 
                 Gene Name 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 A) FlipRosaβgeo vector (* injected genes) 
               
             
          
           
               
                 NM_146217 
                 Aars 
                 alanyl-tRNA synthetase 
               
               
                 NM_198884 
                 AB114826 
                 cDNA sequence AB114826 
               
               
                 NM_005845 
                 ABCC4 
                 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 4 
               
               
                 NM_015751 
                 Abce1 
                 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family E (OABP), member 1 
               
               
                 NM_023190 
                 Acin1 
                 apoptotic chromatin condensation inducer 1 
               
               
                 NM_134037 
                 Acly 
                 ATP citrate lyase 
               
               
                 NM_080633 
                 Aco2 
                 aconitase 2, mitochondrial 
               
               
                 NM_019477 
                 Acsl4 
                 acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 
               
               
                 NM_009616 
                 Adam19 
                 a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 19 (meltrin beta) 
               
               
                 NM_197985 
                 Adipor2 
                 adiponectin receptor 2 
               
               
                 NM_134079 
                 Adk 
                 adenosine kinase 
               
               
                 NM_015339 
                 ADNP 
                 activity-dependent neuroprotector 
               
               
                 NM_009637 
                 Aebp2 
                 AE binding protein 2 
               
               
                 NM_146036 
                 Ahsa1 
                 AHA1, activator of heat shock 90 kDa protein ATPase homolog 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (yeast) 
               
               
                 NM_198645 
                 AI413631 
                 expressed sequence AI413631 
               
               
                 NM_178760 
                 AI790205 
                 expressed sequence AI790205 
               
               
                 NM_019774 
                 Akap8 
                 A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 8 
               
               
                 NM_007431 
                 Akp2 
                 alkaline phosphatase 2, liver 
               
               
                 NM_021473 
                 Akr1a4 
                 aldo-keto reductase family 1, member A4 (aldehyde reductase) 
               
               
                 NM_019776 
                 AL033314 
                 expressed sequence AL033314 
               
               
                 NM_133971 
                 Ankrd10 
                 ankyrin repeat domain 10 
               
               
                 NM_030886 
                 Ankrd17 
                 ankyrin repeat domain 17 
               
               
                 NM_009672 
                 Anp32a 
                 acidic (leucine-rich) nuclear phosphoprotein 32 family, member A 
               
               
                 NM_130889 
                 Anp32b 
                 acidic nuclear phosphoprotein 32 family, member B 
               
               
                 NM_013469 
                 Anxa11 
                 annexin A11 
               
               
                 NM_009686 
                 Apbb2 
                 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein-binding, family B, member 2 
               
               
                 NM_007475 
                 Arbp 
                 acidic ribosomal phosphoprotein P0 [ Mus musculus ] 
               
               
                 NM_145985 
                 Arcn1 
                 archain 1 
               
               
                 NM_172595 
                 Arfrp2 
                 ADP-ribosylation factor related protein 2 
               
               
                 NM_133962 
                 Arhgef18 
                 rho/rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 18 
               
               
                 NM_023598 
                 Arid5b 
                 AT rich interactive domain 5B (Mrf1 like) 
               
               
                 NM_011790 
                 Arih2 
                 ariadne homolog 2 ( Drosophila ) 
               
               
                 NM_011791 
                 Ash2l 
                 ash2 (absent, small, or homeotic)-like ( Drosophila ) 
               
               
                 NM_007494 
                 Ass1 
                 argininosuccinate synthetase 1 
               
               
                 NM_007497 
                 Atf1 
                 activating transcription factor 1 
               
               
                 NM_009715 
                 Atf2 
                 activating transcription factor 2 
               
               
                 NM_030693 
                 Atf5 
                 activating transcription factor 5 
               
               
                 NM_019426 
                 Atf7ip 
                 activating transcription factor 7 interacting protein 
               
               
                 NM_016755 
                 Atp5j 
                 ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F0 complex, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 subunit F 
               
               
                 NM_013795 
                 Atp5l 
                 ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F0 complex, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 subunit g 
               
               
                 NM_133826 
                 Atp6v1h 
                 ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal 50/57 kDa, V1 subunit H 
               
               
                 NM_009726 
                 Atp7a 
                 ATPase, Cu++ transporting, alpha polypeptide 
               
               
                 NM_009530 
                 Atrx 
                 alpha thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked 
               
               
                   
                   
                 homolog (human) 
               
               
                 NM_020575 
                 Axot 
                 axotrophin 
               
               
                 NM_011793 
                 Banf1 
                 barrier to autointegration factor 1 
               
               
                 NM_016812 
                 Banp 
                 Btg3 associated nuclear protein 
               
               
                 NM_019693 
                 Bat1a 
                 HLA-B-associated transcript 1A 
               
               
                 NM_172763 
                 BB114266 
                 expressed sequence BB114266 [ Mus musculus ] 
               
               
                 NM_145397 
                 BC002059 
                 cDNA sequence BC002059 
               
               
                 NM_145402 
                 BC003277 
                 cDNA sequence BC003277 
               
               
                 XM_110350 
                 BC010584 
                 cDNA sequence BC010584 
               
               
                 NM_139065 
                 BC013481 
                 cDNA sequence BC013481 
               
               
                 NM_145430 
                 BC017647 
                 cDNA sequence BC017647 
               
               
                 NM_153807 
                 BC018371 
                 cDNA sequence BC018371 
               
               
                 NM_173748 
                 BC024322 
                 cDNA sequence BC024322 
               
               
                 NM_145946 
                 BC025462 
                 cDNA sequence BC025462 
               
               
                 NM_029895 
                 BC026657 
                 cDNA sequence BC026657 
               
               
                 NM_178059 
                 BC026657 
                 cDNA sequence BC026657 
               
               
                 NM_145596 
                 BC031407 
                 cDNA sequence BC031407 
               
               
                 XM_484525 
                 BC031575 
                 cDNA sequence BC031575 
               
               
                 NM_172758 
                 BC031853 
                 cDNA sequence BC031853 
               
               
                 XM_140041 
                 BC032203 
                 cDNA sequence BC032203 
               
               
                 XM_132015 
                 BC037112 
                 cDNA sequence BC037112 
               
               
                 XM_358340 
                 BC039282 
                 cDNA sequence BC039282 
               
               
                 NM_007532 
                 Bcat1 
                 branched chain aminotransferase 1, cytosolic 
               
               
                 NM_153787 
                 Bclaf1 
                 BCL2-associated transcription factor 1 
               
               
                 NM_007544 
                 Bid 
                 BH3 interacting domain death agonist 
               
               
                 NM_013481 
                 Bop1 
                 block of proliferation 1 
               
               
                 NM_009764 
                 Brca1 
                 breast cancer 1 
               
               
                 NM_020508 
                 Brd4 
                 bromodomain containing 4 
               
               
                 NM_025788 
                 Btbd14b 
                 BTB (POZ) domain containing 14B 
               
               
                 NM_145455 
                 Btf3 
                 basic transcription factor 3 
               
               
                 NM_009773 
                 Bub1b 
                 budding uninhibited by benzimidazoles 1 homolog, beta ( S. cerevisiae ) 
               
               
                 NM_178684 
                 C130032J12Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA C130032J12 gene 
               
               
                 XM_138091 
                 C130039O16Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA C130039O16 gene 
               
               
                 NM_014837 
                 C1orf16 
                 chromosome 1 open reading frame 16 
               
               
                 NM_138756 
                 C330005L02Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA C330005L02 gene 
               
               
                 XM_110478 
                 C330013J21Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA C330013J21 gene 
               
               
                 NM_198676 
                 C330014B19Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA C330014B19 gene 
               
               
                 NM_080562 
                 C330018L13Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA C330018L13 gene 
               
               
                 XM_284552 
                 C330019L16Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA C330019L16 gene 
               
               
                 NM_176897 
                 C530043A13Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA C530043A13 gene 
               
               
                 NM_153547 
                 C77032 
                 EST C77032 
               
               
                 NM_172578 
                 C79407 
                 expressed sequence C79407 
               
               
                 NM_177663 
                 C80587 
                 expressed sequence C80587 
               
               
                 NM_011274 
                 C80913 
                 expressed sequence C80913 
               
               
                 NM_009786 
                 Cacybp 
                 calcyclin binding protein 
               
               
                 NM_007589 
                 Calm2 
                 calmodulin 2 
               
               
                 NM_007591 
                 Calr 
                 calreticulin 
               
               
                 NM_007597 
                 Canx 
                 calnexin 
               
               
                 NM_009798 
                 Capzb 
                 capping protein (actin filament) muscle Z-line, beta 
               
               
                 NM_009818 
                 Catna1 
                 catenin alpha 1 
               
               
                 XM_485025 
                 Catns 
                 PREDICTED:  Mus musculus  catenin src (Catns), mRNA. 
               
               
                 NM_172860 
                 Cbfa2t2h 
                 core-binding factor, runt domain, alpha subunit 2, translocated 
               
               
                   
                   
                 to, 2 homolog (human) 
               
               
                 NM_007622 
                 Cbx1 
                 chromobox homolog 1 ( Drosophila  HP1 beta) 
               
               
                 NM_007626 
                 Cbx5 
                 chromobox homolog 5 ( Drosophila  HP1a) 
               
               
                 NM_144811 
                 Cbx7 
                 chromobox homolog 7 
               
               
                 NM_007634 
                 Ccnf 
                 cyclin F 
               
               
                 NM_009832 
                 Ccnk 
                 cyclin K 
               
               
                 NM_007638 
                 Cct7 
                 chaperonin subunit 7 (eta) 
               
               
                 NM_133655 
                 Cd81 
                 CD 81 antigen 
               
               
                 NM_007657 
                 Cd9 
                 CD9 antigen 
               
               
                 NM_001256 
                 CDC27 
                 cell division cycle 27 
               
               
                 NM_007659 
                 Cdc2a 
                 cell division cycle 2 homolog A ( S. pombe ) 
               
               
                 NM_001791 
                 CDC42 
                 cell division cycle 42 (GTP binding protein, 25 kDa) 
               
               
                 NM_044472 
                 CDC42 
                 cell division cycle 42 (GTP binding protein, 25 kDa) 
               
               
                 NM_178626 
                 Cdc42se2 
                 CDC42 small effector 2 
               
               
                 NM_028023 
                 Cdca4 
                 cell division cycle associated 4 
               
               
                 NM_009870 
                 Cdk4 
                 cyclin-dependent kinase 4 
               
               
                 NM_009874 
                 Cdk7 
                 cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (homolog of  Xenopus  MO15 cdk- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 activating kinase) 
               
               
                 NM_175565 
                 Cdv3 
                 carnitine deficiency-associated gene expressed in ventricle 3 
               
               
                 NM_175833 
                 Cdv3 
                 carnitine deficiency-associated gene expressed in ventricle 3 
               
               
                 NM_133869 
                 Cept1 
                 choline/ethanolaminephosphotransferase 1 
               
               
                 NM_011801 
                 Cfdp1 
                 craniofacial development protein 1 
               
               
                 NM_178647 
                 Cggbp1 
                 CGG triplet repeat binding protein 1 
               
               
                 NM_013733 
                 Chaf1a 
                 chromatin assembly factor 1, subunit A (p150) 
               
               
                 NM_024166 
                 Chchd2 
                 coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain containing 2 
               
               
                 NM_001271 
                 CHD2 
                 chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 2 
               
               
                 NM_032221 
                 CHD6 
                 chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 6 
               
               
                 NM_018818 
                 Chm 
                 choroidermia 
               
               
                 NM_007700 
                 Chuk 
                 conserved helix-loop-helix ubiquitous kinase 
               
               
                 NM_134141 
                 Ciapin1 
                 cytokine induced apoptosis inhibitor 1 
               
               
                 NM_007705 
                 Cirbp 
                 cold inducible RNA binding protein 
               
               
                 NM_007715 
                 Clock 
                 circadian locomoter output cycles kaput 
               
               
                 NM_013493 
                 Cnbp1 
                 cellular nucleic acid binding protein 1 
               
               
                 NM_028044 
                 Cnn3 
                 calponin 3, acidic 
               
               
                 NM_153585 
                 Cnot10 
                 CCR4-NOT transcription complex, subunit 10 
               
               
                 NM_028082 
                 Cnot2 
                 CCR4-NOT transcription complex, subunit 2 
               
               
                 NM_016877 
                 Cnot4 
                 CCR4-NOT transcription complex, subunit 4 
               
               
                 NM_026949 
                 Cnot8 
                 CCR4-NOT transcription complex, subunit 8 
               
               
                 NM_181733 
                 COG5 
                 component of oligomeric golgi complex 5 
               
               
                 NM_009929 
                 Col18a1 
                 procollagen, type XVIII, alpha 1 
               
               
                 NM_011779 
                 Coro1c 
                 coronin, actin binding protein 1C 
               
               
                 NM_009941 
                 Cox4i1 
                 cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV isoform 1 
               
               
                 NM_183405 
                 Cox6b2 
                 cytochrome c oxidase subunit Vib polypeptide 2 
               
               
                 NM_053071 
                 Cox6c 
                 V-src suppressed transcript 3 
               
               
                 NM_170588 
                 Cpne1 
                 copine I 
               
               
                 NM_027769 
                 Cpne3 
                 copine III 
               
               
                 NM_016856 
                 Cpsf2 
                 cleavage and polyadenylation specific factor 2 
               
               
                 NM_007761 
                 Crcp 
                 calcitonin gene-related peptide-receptor component protein 
               
               
                 NM_009952 
                 Creb1 
                 cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 
               
               
                 NM_018776 
                 Crlf3 
                 cytokine receptor-like factor 3 
               
               
                 NM_027485 
                 Crsp7 
                 cofactor required for Sp1 transcriptional activation, subunit 7 
               
               
                 NM_001895 
                 CSNK2A1 
                 casein kinase 2, alpha 1 polypeptide 
               
               
                 NM_177559 
                 CSNK2A1 
                 casein kinase 2, alpha 1 polypeptide 
               
               
                 NM_007790 
                 Cspg6 
                 chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 6 
               
               
                 NM_007792 
                 Csrp2 
                 cysteine and glycine-rich protein 2 
               
               
                 NM_145529 
                 Cstf3 
                 cleavage stimulation factor, 3′ pre-RNA, subunit 3 
               
               
                 NM_017368 
                 Cugbp1 
                 CUG triplet repeat, RNA binding protein 1 
               
               
                 NM_029402 
                 Cul2 
                 cullin 2 
               
               
                 NM_028288 
                 Cul4b 
                 cullin 4B 
               
               
                 NM_146155 
                 D030015G18Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA D030015G18 gene 
               
               
                 NM_172669 
                 D030051N19Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA D030051N19 gene 
               
               
                 NM_025514 
                 D10Ertd641e 
                 DNA segment, Chr 10, ERATO Doi 641, expressed 
               
               
                 NM_026023 
                 D11Ertd603e 
                 DNA segment, Chr 11, ERATO Doi 603, expressed 
               
               
                 NM_138598 
                 D11Wsu99e 
                 DNA segment, Chr 11, Wayne State University 99, expressed 
               
               
                 NM_175299 
                 D130064I21Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA D130064I21 gene 
               
               
                 NM_134100 
                 D15Mgi27 
                 DNA Segment, Chr 15, Mouse Genome Informatics 27 
               
               
                 NM_198937 
                 D17Ertd441e 
                 DNA segment, Chr 17, ERATO Doi 441, expressed 
               
               
                 NM_029456 
                 D19Ertd703e 
                 DNA segment, Chr 19, ERATO Doi 703, expressed 
               
               
                 NM_145604 
                 D230025D16Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA D230025D16 gene 
               
               
                 NM_145528 
                 D2Ertd391e 
                 DNA segment, Chr 2, ERATO Doi 391, expressed 
               
               
                 NM_212450 
                 D2Ertd485e 
                 DNA segment, Chr 2, ERATO Doi 485, expressed 
               
               
                 XM_128090 
                 D330037H05Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA D330037H05 gene 
               
               
                 NM_144901 
                 D3Jfr1 
                 DNA segment, Chr 3, Mjeffers 1 
               
               
                 NM_027922 
                 D5Ertd585e 
                 DNA segment, Chr 5, ERATO Doi 585, expressed 
               
               
                 NM_175518 
                 D730040F13Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA D730040F13 gene 
               
               
                 NM_178264 
                 D830050J10Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA D830050J10 gene 
               
               
                 NM_198020 
                 D8Ertd812e 
                 DNA segment, Chr 8, ERATO Doi 812, expressed 
               
               
                 NM_010017 
                 Dag1 
                 dystroglycan 1 
               
               
                 NM_145507 
                 Dars 
                 aspartyl-tRNA synthetase 
               
               
                 NM_025705 
                 Dcbld1 
                 discoidin, CUB and LCCL domain containing 1 
               
               
                 NM_007832 
                 Dck 
                 deoxycytidine kinase 
               
               
                 NM_015735 
                 Ddb1 
                 damage specific DNA binding protein 1 
               
               
                 NM_004818 
                 DDX23 
                 DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 23 
               
               
                 NM_197982 
                 Ddx39 
                 DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 39 
               
               
                 NM_007840 
                 Ddx5 
                 DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 5 
               
               
                 NM_007841 
                 Ddx6 
                 DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 6 
               
               
                 NM_007842 
                 Dhx9 
                 DEAH (Asp-Glu-Ala-His) box polypeptide 9 
               
               
                 XM_372774 
                 DJ159A19.3 
                 hypothetical protein DJ159A19.3 
               
               
                 NM_011806 
                 Dmtf1 
                 cyclin D binding myb-like transcription factor 1 
               
               
                 NM_019794 
                 Dnaja2 
                 DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily A, member 2 
               
               
                 NM_011847 
                 Dnajb6 
                 DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily B, member 6 
               
               
                 NM_016775 
                 Dnajc5 
                 DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 5 
               
               
                 NM_019795 
                 Dnajc7 
                 DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 7 
               
               
                 NM_030238 
                 Dnchc1 
                 dynein, cytoplasmic, heavy chain 1 
               
               
                 XM_134573 
                 Dncli2 
                 dynein, cytoplasmic, light intermediate polypeptide 2 
               
               
                 NM_152816 
                 Dnm1l 
                 dynamin 1-like 
               
               
                 NM_007871 
                 Dnm2 
                 dynamin 2 
               
               
                 NM_010066 
                 Dnmt1 
                 DNA methyltransferase (cytosine-5) 1 
               
               
                 NM_007879 
                 Drg1 
                 developmentally regulated GTP binding protein 1 
               
               
                 NM_134448 
                 Dst 
                 dystonin 
               
               
                 NM_019771 
                 Dstn 
                 destrin 
               
               
                 XM_485355 
                 E130016E03Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA E130016E03 gene 
               
               
                 XM_282906 
                 E130307A14Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA E130307A14 gene 
               
               
                 NM_153548 
                 E430025E21Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA E430025E21 gene 
               
               
                 NM_011816 
                 E430034L04Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA E430034L04 gene 
               
               
                 NM_021876 
                 Eed 
                 embryonic ectoderm development 
               
               
                 NM_026007 
                 Eef1g 
                 eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 gamma 
               
               
                 NM_007907 
                 Eef2 
                 eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2 
               
               
                 NM_007915 
                 Ei24 
                 etoposide induced 2.4 mRNA 
               
               
                 NM_010120 
                 Eif1a 
                 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 1A 
               
               
                 NM_032025 
                 eIF2A 
                 eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF) 2A 
               
               
                 NM_012199 
                 EIF2C1 
                 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2C, 1 
               
               
                 NM_026114 
                 Eif2s1 
                 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2, subunit 1 alpha 
               
               
                 NM_026030 
                 Eif2s2 
                 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2, subunit 2 (beta) 
               
               
                 NM_010123 
                 Eif3s10 
                 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3, subunit 10 (theta) 
               
               
                 NM_133916 
                 Eif3s9 
                 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3, subunit 9 (eta) 
               
               
                 NM_144958 
                 Eif4a1 
                 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A1 
               
               
                 NM_145625 
                 Eif4b 
                 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4B 
               
               
                 NM_023314 
                 Eif4e2 
                 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E member 2 
               
               
                 NM_023314 
                 Eif4el3 
                 Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E like 3 
               
               
                 NM_198242 
                 EIF4G1 
                 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma, 1 
               
               
                 NM_013507 
                 Eif4g2 
                 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4, gamma 2 
               
               
                 NM_181582 
                 Eif5a 
                 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A 
               
               
                 NM_001419 
                 ELAVL1 
                 ELAV (embryonic lethal, abnormal vision,  Drosophila )-like 1 (Hu 
               
               
                   
                   
                 antigen R) 
               
               
                 NM_207685 
                 Elavl2 
                 ELAV (embryonic lethal, abnormal vision,  Drosophila )-like 2 (Hu 
               
               
                   
                   
                 antigen B) 
               
               
                 NM_134255 
                 Elovl5 
                 ELOVL family member 5, elongation of long chain fatty acids 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (yeast) 
               
               
                 NM_130450 
                 Elovl6 
                 ELOVL family member 6, elongation of long chain fatty acids 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (yeast) 
               
               
                 NM_199466 
                 Eml4 
                 echinoderm microtubule associated protein like 4 
               
               
                 NM_010135 
                 Enah 
                 enabled homolog ( Drosophila ) 
               
               
                 NM_018212 
                 ENAH 
                 enabled homolog ( Drosophila ) 
               
               
                 NM_007930 
                 Enc1 
                 ectodermal-neural cortex 1 
               
               
                 NM_023119 
                 Eno1 
                 enolase 1, alpha non-neuron 
               
               
                 NM_207044 
                 ENSA 
                 endosulfine alpha 
               
               
                 NM_013512 
                 Epb4.1l4a 
                 erythrocyte protein band 4.1-like 4a 
               
               
                 NM_010139 
                 Epha2 
                 Eph receptor A2 
               
               
                 NM_007936 
                 Epha4 
                 Eph receptor A4 
               
               
                 XM_129647 
                 Eprs 
                 glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA synthetase 
               
               
                 NM_007945 
                 Eps8 
                 epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 8 
               
               
                 NM_011934 
                 Esrrb 
                 estrogen related receptor, beta 
               
               
                 NM_144866 
                 Etf1 
                 eukaryotic translation termination factor 1 
               
               
                 NM_007964 
                 Evi5 
                 ecotropic viral integration site 5 
               
               
                 NM_007968 
                 Ewsr1 
                 Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1 
               
               
                 NM_027148 
                 Exosc8 
                 exosome component 8 
               
               
                 NM_010166 
                 Eya3 
                 eyes absent 3 homolog ( Drosophila ) 
               
               
                 NM_211357 
                 Eya3 
                 eyes absent 3 homolog ( Drosophila ) 
               
               
                 NM_172518 
                 Fbxo42 
                 F-box protein 42 
               
               
                 NM_025995 
                 Fbxo5 
                 F-box only protein 5 
               
               
                 NM_007999 
                 Fen1 
                 flap structure specific endonuclease 1 
               
               
                 NM_010206 
                 Fgfr1 
                 fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 
               
               
                 NM_026218 
                 Fgfr1op2 
                 FGFR1 oncogene partner 2 
               
               
                 NM_146018 
                 Flcn 
                 folliculin 
               
               
                 NM_024953 
                 FLJ13089 
                 hypothetical protein FLJ13089 
               
               
                 NM_019406 
                 Fnbp1 
                 formin binding protein 1 
               
               
                 NM_010178 
                 Fusip1 
                 FUS interacting protein (serine-arginine rich) 1 
               
               
                 NM_008053 
                 Fxr1h 
                 fragile X mental retardation gene 1, autosomal homolog 
               
               
                 NM_198102 
                 G430041M01Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA G430041M01 gene 
               
               
                 NM_010256 
                 Gart 
                 phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase 
               
               
                 NM_013525 
                 Gas5 
                 growth arrest specific 5 
               
               
                 NM_153144 
                 Ggnbp2 
                 gametogenetin binding protein 2 
               
               
                 NM_010282 
                 Ggps1 
                 geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase 1 
               
               
                 NM_010288 
                 Gja1 
                 gap junction membrane channel protein alpha 1 
               
               
                 NM_009752 
                 Glb1 
                 galactosidase, beta 1 
               
               
                 XM_136212 
                 Gli2 
                 GLI-Kruppel family member GLI2 
               
               
                 NM_026247 
                 Glt28d1 
                 glycosyltransferase 28 domain containing 1 
               
               
                 XM_357972 
                 Gm1476 
                 gene model 1476, (NCBI) 
               
               
                 NM_201366 
                 Gm1631 
                 gene model 1631, (NCBI) 
               
               
                 XM_358591 
                 Gm1650 
                 gene model 1650, (NCBI) 
               
               
                 XM_149164 
                 Gm559 
                 gene model 559, (NCBI) 
               
               
                 NM_027307 
                 Golph2 
                 golgi phosphoprotein 2 
               
               
                 NM_010324 
                 Got1 
                 glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase 1, soluble 
               
               
                 NM_021610 
                 Gpa33 
                 glycoprotein A33 (transmembrane) 
               
               
                 NM_016739 
                 Gpiap1 
                 GPI-anchored membrane protein 1 
               
               
                 NM_020331 
                 Gtf2ird1 
                 general transcription factor II I repeat domain-containing 1 
               
               
                 NM_148934 
                 Gtrgeo22 
                 gene trap ROSA b-geo 22 
               
               
                 NM_013882 
                 Gtse1 
                 G two S phase expressed protein 1 
               
               
                 NM_207225 
                 Hdac4 
                 histone deacetylase 4 
               
               
                 NM_005336 
                 HDLBP 
                 high density lipoprotein binding protein (vigilin) 
               
               
                 NM_080446 
                 Helb 
                 helicase (DNA) B 
               
               
                 NM_030609 
                 Hist1h1a 
                 histone 1, H1a 
               
               
                 NM_015786 
                 Hist1h1c 
                 histone 1, H1c 
               
               
                 NM_013820 
                 Hk2 
                 hexokinase 2 
               
               
                 NM_002131 
                 HMGA1 
                 high mobility group AT-hook 1 
               
               
                 NM_145903 
                 HMGA1 
                 high mobility group AT-hook 1 
               
               
                 NM_145942 
                 Hmgcs1 
                 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A synthase 1 
               
               
                 NM_008258 
                 Hn1 
                 hematological and neurological expressed sequence 1 
               
               
                 NM_182650 
                 Hnrpa2b1 
                 heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 
               
               
                 NM_016884 
                 Hnrpc 
                 heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C 
               
               
                 NM_007516 
                 Hnrpd 
                 heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D 
               
               
                 NM_016690 
                 Hnrpdl 
                 heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D-like 
               
               
                 NM_133834 
                 Hnrpf 
                 heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein F 
               
               
                 NM_025279 
                 Hnrpk 
                 Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K 
               
               
                 NM_025279 
                 Hnrpk 
                 heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K 
               
               
                 NM_028871 
                 Hnrpr 
                 heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein R 
               
               
                 NM_019830 
                 Hrmt1l2 
                 heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins methyltransferase- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 like 2 ( S. cerevisiae ) 
               
               
                 NM_008300 
                 Hspa4 
                 heat shock protein 4 
               
               
                 NM_010481 
                 Hspa9a 
                 heat shock protein, A 
               
               
                 NM_175111 
                 Hspbap1 
                 Hspb associated protein 1 
               
               
                 NM_015755 
                 Hunk 
                 hormonally upregulated Neu-associated kinase 
               
               
                 NM_031156 
                 Ide 
                 insulin degrading enzyme 
               
               
                 NM_009951 
                 Igf2bp1 
                 insulin-like growth factor 2, binding protein 1 
               
               
                 NM_010545 
                 Ii 
                 Ia-associated invariant chain 
               
               
                 NM_029665 
                 Ipo11 
                 importin 11 
               
               
                 NM_181517 
                 Ipo7 
                 importin 7 
               
               
                 NM_172584 
                 Itpk1 
                 inositol 1,3,4-triphosphate 5/6 kinase 
               
               
                 XM_484617 
                 Itpr3 
                 inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor 3 
               
               
                 NM_023844 
                 Jam2 
                 junction adhesion molecule 2 
               
               
                 NM_152895 
                 Jarid1b 
                 jumonji, AT rich interactive domain 1B (Rbp2 like) 
               
               
                 NM_013668 
                 Jarid1c 
                 jumonji, AT rich interactive domain 1C (Rbp2 like) 
               
               
                 NM_021878 
                 Jarid2 
                 jumonji, AT rich interactive domain 2 
               
               
                 NM_004973 
                 JARID2 
                 Jumonji, AT rich interactive domain 2 
               
               
                 NM_144787 
                 Jmjd2c 
                 jumonji domain containing 2C 
               
               
                 NM_008416 
                 Junb 
                 Jun-B oncogene 
               
               
                 NM_053092 
                 Kars 
                 lysyl-tRNA synthetase 
               
               
                 NM_019715 
                 Kcmf1 
                 potassium channel modulatory factor 1 
               
               
                 NM_015210 
                 KIAA0802 
                 KIAA0802 
               
               
                 NM_016284 
                 KIAA1007 
                 KIAA1007 protein 
               
               
                 NM_010615 
                 Kif11 
                 kinesin family member 11 
               
               
                 NM_009004 
                 Kif20a 
                 kinesin family member 20A 
               
               
                 NM_026167 
                 Klhl13 
                 kelch-like 13 ( Drosophila ) 
               
               
                 NM_008465 
                 Kpna1 
                 karyopherin (importin) alpha 1 
               
               
                 NM_010655 
                 Kpna2 
                 karyopherin (importin) alpha 2 
               
               
                 NM_145993 
                 L3mbtl2 
                 l(3)mbt-like 2 ( Drosophila ) 
               
               
                 NM_033565 
                 Laf4l 
                 lymphoid nuclear protein related to AF4-like 
               
               
                 NM_010688 
                 Lasp1 
                 LIM and SH3 protein 1 
               
               
                 NM_133815 
                 Lbr 
                 lamin B receptor 
               
               
                 NM_010700 
                 Ldlr 
                 low density lipoprotein receptor 
               
               
                 NM_010715 
                 Lig1 
                 ligase I, DNA, ATP-dependent 
               
               
                 NM_025828 
                 Lman2 
                 lectin, mannose-binding 2 
               
               
                 NM_010721 
                 Lmnb1 
                 lamin B1 
               
               
                 XM_132499 
                 Lmtk2 
                 lemur tyrosine kinase 2 
               
               
                 XM_123260 
                 LOC225307 
                 similar to Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (Helix- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 destabilizing protein) (Single-strand binding protein) (hnRNP 
               
               
                   
                   
                 core protein A1) (HDP-1) (Topoisomerase-inhibitor suppressed) 
               
               
                 XM_135925 
                 LOC236864 
                 similar to UBE2D3 
               
               
                 XM_136323 
                 LOC240853 
                 similar to ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F0 
               
               
                   
                   
                 complex, subunit d 
               
               
                 XM_145503 
                 LOC243905 
                 hypothetical LOC243905 
               
               
                 XM_145549 
                 LOC243955 
                 similar to hypothetical protein FLJ38281 
               
               
                 XM_142564 
                 LOC245128 
                 PREDICTED:  Mus musculus  similar to solute carrier family 7, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 3 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (LOC245128), mRNA. 
               
               
                 XM_203729 
                 LOC277281 
                 similar to RNP particle component 
               
               
                 XM_204906 
                 LOC278757 
                 similar to hypothetical protein 6720451E15 
               
               
                 XM_283029 
                 LOC327995 
                 similar to RNA-binding protein Musashi2-S 
               
               
                 XM_355157 
                 LOC381219 
                 hypothetical LOC381219 
               
               
                 XM_355212 
                 LOC381269 
                 PREDICTED:  Mus musculus  similar to hypothetical protein 
               
               
                   
                   
                 FLJ10116(LOC381269), mRNA. 
               
               
                 XM_355536 
                 LOC381575 
                 similar to RIKEN cDNA 1700029I01 
               
               
                 XM_355549 
                 LOC381591 
                 similar to hypothetical protein FLJ10884 
               
               
                 XM_355960 
                 LOC381936 
                 similar to Ser/Thr protein kinase PAR-1A 
               
               
                 XM_356668 
                 LOC382769 
                 similar to chromobox homolog 3; heterochromatin protein HP1 
               
               
                   
                   
                 gamma; HP1 gamma homolog; heterochromatin-like protein 1; 
               
               
                   
                   
                 chromobox homolog 3 ( Drosophila  HP1 gamma) 
               
               
                 XM_378688 
                 LOC400607 
                 hypothetical LOC400607 
               
               
                 XM_379174 
                 LOC401051 
                 hypothetical LOC401051 
               
               
                 XM_483871 
                 LOC432432 
                 similar to Heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein 
               
               
                 XM_488546 
                 LOC432435 
                 LOC432435 
               
               
                 XM_483955 
                 LOC432508 
                 similar to CPSF6 protein 
               
               
                 XM_483981 
                 LOC432531 
                 similar to tensin-like SH2 domain containing 1; tumor 
               
               
                   
                   
                 endothelial marker 6; thyroid specific PTB domain protein; tensin 
               
               
                   
                   
                 3; tensin-like SH2 domain-containing 1; H_NH0549I23.2 
               
               
                 XM_484135 
                 LOC432650 
                 similar to hypothetical protein LOC269211 
               
               
                 XM_488646 
                 LOC432680 
                 LOC432680 
               
               
                 XM_484728 
                 LOC433182 
                 similar to Eno1 protein 
               
               
                 XM_484750 
                 LOC433205 
                 similar to ADP-ribosylation factor 1 
               
               
                 XM_484773 
                 LOC433219 
                 similar to RIKEN cDNA 6330416L07 gene 
               
               
                 XM_484968 
                 LOC433399 
                 similar to RIKEN cDNA C330005L02 
               
               
                 XM_358566 
                 LOC433498 
                 similar to RIKEN cDNA 9430008C03 gene 
               
               
                 XM_485110 
                 LOC433513 
                 similar to RIKEN cDNA 3300002I08 
               
               
                 XM_485245 
                 LOC433598 
                 similar to histone acetylase complex subunit MRG15-2 
               
               
                 XM_485384 
                 LOC433709 
                 similar to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (phosphorylating) (EC 1.2.1.12) - mouse 
               
               
                 XM_485476 
                 LOC433781 
                 similar to vacuolar protein sorting 13D 
               
               
                 XM_485478 
                 LOC433783 
                 similar to RIKEN cDNA 1700029I01 
               
               
                 XM_485482 
                 LOC433786 
                 similar to RIKEN cDNA 6330416L07 gene 
               
               
                 XM_485485 
                 LOC433789 
                 similar to RIKEN cDNA 1700029I01 
               
               
                 XM_485491 
                 LOC433795 
                 similar to RIKEN cDNA 2610305D13 
               
               
                 XM_485494 
                 LOC433798 
                 similar to RIKEN cDNA 1700029I01 
               
               
                 XM_485498 
                 LOC433801 
                 similar to RIKEN cDNA 6330416L07 gene 
               
               
                 XM_485500 
                 LOC433804 
                 similar to RIKEN cDNA 1700029I01 
               
               
                 XM_485501 
                 LOC433805 
                 similar to RIKEN cDNA 6330416L07 gene 
               
               
                 XM_489078 
                 LOC433852 
                 hypothetical gene supported by AK017143 
               
               
                 XM_489083 
                 LOC433871 
                 LOC433871 
               
               
                 XM_485632 
                 LOC433906 
                 hypothetical gene supported by AK045300 
               
               
                 XM_485662 
                 LOC433935 
                 similar to gonadotropin inducible ovarian transcription factor 1 
               
               
                 XM_485690 
                 LOC433955 
                 similar to histone acetylase complex subunit MRG15-2 
               
               
                 XM_489171 
                 LOC434152 
                 LOC434152 
               
               
                 XM_485924 
                 LOC434178 
                 similar to Zinc finger protein 267 (Zinc finger protein HZF2) 
               
               
                 XM_485962 
                 LOC434210 
                 similar to hypothetical protein FLJ25416 
               
               
                 XM_489209 
                 LOC434251 
                 similar to C-terminal binding protein 2 
               
               
                 XM_486096 
                 LOC434301 
                 similar to Rho-GTPase-activating protein 7 (Rho-type GTPase- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 activating protein 7) (Deleted in liver cancer 1 protein homolog) 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (Dlc-1) (StAR-related lipid transfer protein 12) (StARD12) 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (START domain-containing protein 12) 
               
               
                 XM_486133 
                 LOC434330 
                 similar to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (phosphorylating) (EC 1.2.1.12) - mouse 
               
               
                 XM_489245 
                 LOC434348 
                 hypothetical gene supported by AK043371 
               
               
                 XM_486188 
                 LOC434373 
                 similar to Nucleophosmin (NPM) (Nucleolar phosphoprotein 
               
               
                   
                   
                 B23) (Numatrin) (Nucleolar protein NO38) 
               
               
                 XM_486329 
                 LOC434492 
                 similar to p47 protein isoform a 
               
               
                 XM_486441 
                 LOC434596 
                 similar to CDNA sequence BC002059 
               
               
                 XM_486562 
                 LOC434693 
                 similar to muscle protein684 
               
               
                 XM_486690 
                 LOC434786 
                 similar to nuclear receptor co-repressor 1; thyroid hormone- and 
               
               
                   
                   
                 retinoic acid receptor-associated corepressor 1 
               
               
                 XM_486722 
                 LOC434808 
                 similar to Non-POU-domain-containing, octamer binding protein 
               
               
                 XM_489369 
                 LOC434871 
                 LOC434871 
               
               
                 XM_486835 
                 LOC434900 
                 similar to FAM 
               
               
                 XM_487441 
                 LOC435488 
                 similar to ferritin light chain 
               
               
                 XM_488050 
                 LOC435987 
                 similar to Gag-Pol polyprotein 
               
               
                 XM_289867 
                 LOC436498 
                 PREDICTED:  Mus musculus  similar to RT1 class I, M5 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (LOC436498), mRNA. 
               
               
                 XM_489880 
                 LOC436548 
                 similar to RT1 class I, M6, gene 2 
               
               
                 XM_495826 
                 LOC439979 
                 similar to jumonji domain containing 1A; testis-specific protein 
               
               
                   
                   
                 A; zinc finger protein 
               
               
                 XM_499016 
                 LOC441111 
                 LOC441111 
               
               
                 NM_030695 
                 Lrba 
                 LPS-responsive beige-like anchor 
               
               
                 NM_146164 
                 Lrch4 
                 leucine-rich repeats and calponin homology (CH) domain 
               
               
                   
                   
                 containing 4 
               
               
                 NM_178701 
                 Lrrc5 
                 leucine rich repeat containing 5 
               
               
                 NM_175641 
                 Ltbp4 
                 latent transforming growth factor beta binding protein 4 
               
               
                 NM_028190 
                 Luc7l 
                 Luc7 homolog ( S. cerevisiae )-like 
               
               
                 NM_138680 
                 Luc7l2 
                 LUC7-like 2 ( S. cerevisiae ) 
               
               
                 NM_024452 
                 Luzp1 
                 leucine zipper protein 1 
               
               
                 NM_008866 
                 Lypla1 
                 lysophospholipase 1 
               
               
                 NM_010749 
                 M6pr 
                 mannose-6-phosphate receptor, cation dependent 
               
               
                 NM_007358 
                 M96 
                 likely ortholog of mouse metal response element binding 
               
               
                   
                   
                 transcription factor 2 
               
               
                 XM_110503 
                 Macf1 
                 microtubule-actin crosslinking factor 1 
               
               
                 NM_028108 
                 Mak3 
                 Mak3 homolog ( S. cerevisiae ) 
               
               
                 NM_027288 
                 Manba 
                 mannosidase, beta A, lysosomal 
               
               
                 XM_130628 
                 Manbal 
                 mannosidase, beta A, lysosomal-like 
               
               
                 NM_008927 
                 Map2k1 
                 mitogen activated protein kinase kinase 1 
               
               
                 NM_177345 
                 Mapkap1 
                 mitogen-activated protein kinase associated protein 1 
               
               
                 NM_010838 
                 Mapt 
                 microtubule-associated protein tau 
               
               
                 NM_145569 
                 Mat2a 
                 methionine adenosyltransferase II, alpha 
               
               
                 NM_010771 
                 Matr3 
                 Matrin 3 
               
               
                 NM_018834 
                 MATR3 
                 matrin 3 
               
               
                 NM_013595 
                 Mbd3 
                 methyl-CpG binding domain protein 3 
               
               
                 NM_008568 
                 Mcm7 
                 minichromosome maintenance deficient 7 ( S. cerevisiae ) 
               
               
                 NM_145229 
                 Mcpr1 
                 cleft palate-related protein 1 
               
               
                 NM_008575 
                 Mdm4 
                 transformed mouse 3T3 cell double minute 4 
               
               
                 XM_131338 
                 Mdn1 
                 midasin homolog (yeast) 
               
               
                 NM_004992 
                 MECP2 
                 methyl CpG binding protein 2 (Rett syndrome) 
               
               
                 NM_026039 
                 Med18 
                 mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription, subunit 18 
               
               
                   
                   
                 homolog (yeast) 
               
               
                 NM_172293 
                 MGC47262 
                 hypothetical protein MGC47262 
               
               
                 NM_175238 
                 MGI: 1098622 
                 Rap1 interacting factor 1 homolog (yeast) 
               
               
                 NM_013716 
                 MGI: 1351465 
                 Ras-GTPase-activating protein SH3-domain binding protein 
               
               
                 NM_026375 
                 MGI: 1915033 
                 embryonic large molecule derived from yolk sac 
               
               
                 NM_025372 
                 MGI: 1921571 
                 timeless interacting protein 
               
               
                 NM_053102 
                 MGI: 1927947 
                 selenoprotein 
               
               
                 NM_019736 
                 MGI: 1928939 
                 acyl-Coenzyme A thioesterase 2, mitochondrial 
               
               
                 NM_019643 
                 MGI: 1929091 
                 teratocarcinoma expressed, serine rich 
               
               
                 NM_019766 
                 MGI: 1929282 
                 telomerase binding protein, p23 
               
               
                 NM_030730 
                 MGI: 1933196 
                 steroid receptor-interacting SNF2 domain protein 
               
               
                 NM_031405 
                 MGI: 1933527 
                 arsenate resistance protein 2 
               
               
                 NM_008602 
                 Miz1 
                 Msx-interacting-zinc finger 
               
               
                 NM_018810 
                 Mkrn1 
                 makorin, ring finger protein, 1 
               
               
                 XM_139743 
                 Mllt4 
                 myeloid/lymphoid or mixed lineage-leukemia translocation to 4 
               
               
                   
                   
                 homolog ( Drosophila ) 
               
               
                 NM_024431 
                 Morf4l1 
                 mortality factor 4 like 1 
               
               
                 NM_026851 
                 Mrpl52 
                 mitochondrial ribosomal protein L52 
               
               
                 NM_010830 
                 Msh6 
                 mutS homolog 6 ( E. coli ) 
               
               
                 NM_054043 
                 Msi2h 
                 Musashi homolog 2 ( Drosophila ) 
               
               
                 NM_054082 
                 Mta3 
                 metastasis associated 3 
               
               
                 NM_008633 
                 Mtap4 
                 microtubule-associated protein 4 
               
               
                 NM_134092 
                 Mtbp 
                 Mdm2, transformed 3T3 cell double minute p53 binding protein 
               
               
                 NM_013827 
                 Mtf2 
                 metal response element binding transcription factor 2 
               
               
                 NM_016969 
                 Myadm 
                 myeloid-associated differentiation marker 
               
               
                 NM_008652 
                 Mybl2 
                 myeloblastosis oncogene-like 2 
               
               
                 NM_022410 
                 Myh9 
                 myosin heavy chain IX 
               
               
                 NM_023402 
                 Mylc2b 
                 myosin light chain, regulatory B 
               
               
                 NM_177619 
                 Myst2 
                 MYST histone acetyltransferase 2 
               
               
                 NM_013608 
                 Naca 
                 nascent polypeptide-associated complex alpha polypeptide 
               
               
                 XM_132755 
                 Nanog 
                 Nanog homeobox 
               
               
                 NM_008672 
                 Nap1l4 
                 nucleosome assembly protein 1-like 4 
               
               
                 NM_016777 
                 Nasp 
                 nuclear autoantigenic sperm protein (histone-binding) 
               
               
                 NM_010878 
                 Nck1 
                 non-catalytic region of tyrosine kinase adaptor protein 1 
               
               
                 NM_010880 
                 Ncl 
                 nucleolin 
               
               
                 NM_008679 
                 Ncoa3 
                 nuclear receptor coactivator 3 
               
               
                 NM_145518 
                 Ndufs1 
                 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe—S protein 1 
               
               
                 NM_029272 
                 Ndufs7 
                 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe—S protein 7 
               
               
                 XM_486230 
                 Nedd4 
                 neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally down-regulted 
               
               
                   
                   
                 gene 4 
               
               
                 NM_023739 
                 Nfx1 
                 nuclear transcription factor, X-box binding 1 
               
               
                 NM_010913 
                 Nfya 
                 nuclear transcription factor-Y alpha 
               
               
                 NM_002505 
                 NFYA 
                 nuclear transcription factor Y, alpha 
               
               
                 NM_010914 
                 Nfyb 
                 nuclear transcription factor-Y beta 
               
               
                 NM_008692 
                 Nfyc 
                 nuclear transcription factor-Y gamma 
               
               
                 NM_008695 
                 Nid2 
                 nidogen 2 
               
               
                 NM_133433 
                 NIPBL 
                 Nipped-B homolog ( Drosophila ) 
               
               
                 NM_175460 
                 Nmnat2 
                 nicotinamide nucleotide adenylyltransferase 2 
               
               
                 NM_008707 
                 Nmt1 
                 N-myristoyltransferase 1 
               
               
                 NM_013611 
                 Nodal 
                 nodal 
               
               
                 NM_018868 
                 Nol5 
                 nucleolar protein 5 
               
               
                 NM_023144 
                 Nono 
                 non-POU-domain-containing, octamer binding protein 
               
               
                 NM_019459 
                 Nphs1 
                 nephrosis 1 homolog, nephrin (human) 
               
               
                 NM_010938 
                 Nrf1 
                 nuclear respiratory factor 1 
               
               
                 NM_008739 
                 Nsd1 
                 Nuclear receptor-binding SET-domain protein 1 
               
               
                 NM_008739 
                 Nsd1 
                 nuclear receptor-binding SET-domain protein 1 
               
               
                 NM_198326 
                 Nsfl1c 
                 NSFL1 (p97) cofactor (p47) 
               
               
                 NM_145354 
                 Nsun2 
                 NOL1/NOP2/Sun domain family 2 
               
               
                 NM_010947 
                 Ntn3 
                 netrin 3 
               
               
                 NR_001572 
                 Nudc-ps1 
                   Mus musculus  nuclear distribution gene C homolog ( Aspergillus ), 
               
               
                   
                   
                 pseudogene 1 (Nudc-ps1) on chromosome 8. 
               
               
                 NM_133947 
                 Numa1 
                 nuclear mitotic apparatus protein 1 
               
               
                 NM_183392 
                 Nup54 
                 nucleoporin 54 
               
               
                 NM_172394 
                 Nup88 
                 nucleoporin 88 
               
               
                 XM_284333 
                 Nup98 
                 nucleoporin 98 
               
               
                 XM_358340 
                 Nup214* 
                 nucleoporin 214 
               
               
                 NM_018745 
                 Oazin 
                 ornithine decarboxylase antizyme inhibitor 
               
               
                 NM_023429 
                 Ociad1 
                 OCIA domain containing 1 
               
               
                 NM_002540 
                 ODF2 
                 outer dense fiber of sperm tails 2 
               
               
                 NM_011015 
                 Orc1l 
                 origin recognition complex, subunit 1-like ( S. cereviaiae ) 
               
               
                 NM_011958 
                 Orc4l 
                 origin recognition complex, subunit 4-like ( S. cerevisiae ) 
               
               
                 NM_019716 
                 Orc6l 
                 origin recognition complex, subunit 6-like ( S. cerevisiae ) 
               
               
                 NM_029565 
                 ORF18 
                 open reading frame 18 
               
               
                 NM_148908 
                 OSBPL9 
                 oxysterol binding protein-like 9 
               
               
                 NM_019402 
                 Pabpn1 
                 poly(A) binding protein, nuclear 1 
               
               
                 NM_013625 
                 Pafah1b1 
                 platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase, isoform 1b, beta1 
               
               
                   
                   
                 subunit 
               
               
                 NM_025939 
                 Paics 
                 phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 phosphoribosylaminoribosylaminoimidazole, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 succinocarboxamide synthetase 
               
               
                 NM_016480 
                 PAIP2 
                 poly(A) binding protein interacting protein 2 
               
               
                 NM_026420 
                 Paip2 
                 polyadenylate-binding protein-interacting protein 2 
               
               
                 NM_027470 
                 Pak4 
                 p21 (CDKN1A)-activated kinase 4 
               
               
                 NM_011112 
                 Papola 
                 poly (A) polymerase alpha 
               
               
                 NM_020569 
                 Park7* 
                 Parkinson disease (autosomal recessive, early onset) 7 
               
               
                 NM_028761 
                 Parn 
                 poly(A)-specific ribonuclease (deadenylation nuclease) 
               
               
                 XM_125814 
                 Pawr 
                 PRKC, apoptosis, WT1, regulator 
               
               
                 NM_011042 
                 Pcbp2 
                 poly(rC) binding protein 2 
               
               
                 NM_023662 
                 Pcm1 
                 pericentriolar material 1 
               
               
                 NM_011045 
                 Pcna 
                 proliferating cell nuclear antigen 
               
               
                 XM_132579 
                 Pcnp 
                 PEST-containing nuclear protein 
               
               
                 XM_132501 
                 Pdap1 
                 PDGFA associated protein 1 
               
               
                 NM_019781 
                 Pex14 
                 peroxisomal biogenesis factor 14 
               
               
                 XM_111232 
                 Pfas 
                 phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase (FGAR 
               
               
                   
                   
                 amidotransferase) 
               
               
                 NM_019703 
                 Pfkp 
                 phosphofructokinase, platelet 
               
               
                 NM_172303 
                 Phf17 
                 PHD finger protein 17 
               
               
                 NM_172303 
                 Phf17 
                 PHD finger protein 17 
               
               
                 XM_129836 
                 Phf3 
                 PHD finger protein 3 
               
               
                 NM_026737 
                 Phf5a 
                 PHD finger protein 5A 
               
               
                 NM_172992 
                 Phtf2 
                 putative homeodomain transcription factor 2 
               
               
                 NM_199026 
                 Pigl 
                 phosphatidylinositol glycan, class L 
               
               
                 NM_023371 
                 Pin1 
                 protein (peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase) NIMA-interacting 1 
               
               
                 NM_008847 
                 Pip5k1b 
                 phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type 1 beta 
               
               
                 NM_145823 
                 Pitpnc1 
                 phosphatidylinositol transfer protein, cytoplasmic 1 
               
               
                 NM_011099 
                 Pkm2 
                 Pyruvate kinase, muscle 
               
               
                 NM_011099 
                 Pkm2 
                 pyruvate kinase, muscle 
               
               
                 NM_197976 
                 PKNOX1 
                 PBX/knotted 1 homeobox 1 
               
               
                 NM_026361 
                 Pkp4 
                   Mus musculus  plakophilin 4 (Pkp4), mRNA. 
               
               
                 NM_021622 
                 PLEKHA1 
                 pleckstrin homology domain containing, family A 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (phosphoinositide binding specific) member 1 
               
               
                 NM_175175 
                 Plekhf2 
                 pleckstrin homology domain containing, family F (with FYVE 
               
               
                   
                   
                 domain) member 2 
               
               
                 NM_183034 
                 Plekhm1 
                 pleckstrin homology domain containing, family M (with RUN 
               
               
                   
                   
                 domain) member 1 
               
               
                 NM_008891 
                 Pnn 
                 pinin 
               
               
                 NM_207171 
                 POGZ 
                 pogo transposable element with ZNF domain 
               
               
                 NM_178627 
                 Poldip3 
                 polymerase (DNA-directed), delta interacting protein 3 
               
               
                 NM_012048 
                 Polk 
                 polymerase (DNA directed), kappa 
               
               
                 NM_025298 
                 Polr3e 
                 polymerase (RNA) III (DNA directed) polypeptide E 
               
               
                 NM_152894 
                 Pop1 
                 processing of precursor 1, ribonuclease P/MRP family, ( S. cerevisiae ) 
               
               
                 NM_008910 
                 Ppm1a 
                 Protein phosphatase 1A, magnesium dependent, alpha isoform 
               
               
                 NM_013636 
                 Ppp1cc 
                 protein phosphatase 1, catalytic subunit, gamma isoform 
               
               
                 NM_017374 
                 Ppp2cb 
                 protein phosphatase 2a, catalytic subunit, beta isoform 
               
               
                 NM_002717 
                 PPP2R2A 
                 protein phosphatase 2 (formerly 2A), regulatory subunit B (PR 
               
               
                   
                   
                 52), alpha isoform 
               
               
                 NM_026391 
                 Ppp2r2d 
                 protein phosphatase 2, regulatory subunit B, delta isoform 
               
               
                 NM_002719 
                 PPP2R5C 
                 protein phosphatase 2, regulatory subunit B (B56), gamma 
               
               
                   
                   
                 isoform 
               
               
                 NM_000945 
                 PPP3R1 
                 protein phosphatase 3 (formerly 2B), regulatory subunit B, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 19 kDa, alpha isoform (calcineurin B, type I) 
               
               
                 NM_024209 
                 Ppp6c 
                 protein phosphatase 6, catalytic subunit 
               
               
                 NM_145150 
                 Prc1 
                 protein regulator of cytokinesis 1 
               
               
                 NM_022115 
                 PRDM15 
                 PR domain containing 15 
               
               
                 NM_011034 
                 Prdx1 
                 peroxiredoxin 1 
               
               
                 NM_027230 
                 Prkcbp1 
                 protein kinase C binding protein 1 
               
               
                 NM_172270 
                 Prkcbp1 
                 protein kinase C binding protein 1 
               
               
                 NM_008945 
                 Psmb4 
                 proteasome (prosome, macropain) subunit, beta type 4 
               
               
                 NM_002807 
                 PSMD1 
                 proteasome (prosome, macropain) 26S subunit, non-ATPase, 1 
               
               
                 NM_021526 
                 Psmd14 
                 proteasome (prosome, macropain) 26S subunit, non-ATPase, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 14 
               
               
                 NM_008956 
                 Ptbp1 
                 polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1 
               
               
                 NM_002819 
                 PTBP1 
                 polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1 
               
               
                 NM_011213 
                 Ptprf 
                 protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, F 
               
               
                 NM_145925 
                 Pttg1ip 
                 pituitary tumor-transforming 1 interacting protein 
               
               
                 NM_030722 
                 Pum1 
                 pumilio 1 ( Drosophila ) 
               
               
                 NM_030723 
                 Pum2 
                 pumilio 2 ( Drosophila ) 
               
               
                 NM_008990 
                 Pvrl2 
                 poliovirus receptor-related 2 
               
               
                 XM_488744 
                 Pvt1 
                 plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 
               
               
                 NM_008996 
                 Rab1 
                 RAB1, member RAS oncogene family 
               
               
                 NM_016322 
                 RAB14 
                 RAB14, member RAS oncogene family 
               
               
                 NM_181070 
                 Rab18 
                 RAB18, member RAS oncogene family 
               
               
                 NM_004161 
                 RAB1A 
                 RAB1A, member RAS oncogene family 
               
               
                 NM_009005 
                 Rab7 
                 RAB7, member RAS oncogene family 
               
               
                 NM_019773 
                 Rab9 
                 RAB9, member RAS oncogene family 
               
               
                 NM_011231 
                 Rabggtb 
                 RAB geranylgeranyl transferase, b subunit 
               
               
                 NM_009011 
                 Rad23b 
                 RAD23b homolog ( S. cerevisiae ) 
               
               
                 NM_011236 
                 Rad52 
                 RAD52 homolog ( S. cerevisiae ) 
               
               
                 NM_029780 
                 Raf1 
                 v-raf-1 leukemia viral oncogene 1 
               
               
                 NM_011973 
                 Rage 
                 renal tumor antigen 
               
               
                 NM_023130 
                 Raly 
                 hnRNP-associated with lethal yellow 
               
               
                 NM_011239 
                 Ranbp1 
                 RAN binding protein 1 
               
               
                 NM_023146 
                 Ranbp17 
                 RAN binding protein 17 
               
               
                 NM_023579 
                 Ranbp5 
                 RAN binding protein 5 
               
               
                 NM_011241 
                 Rangap1 
                 RAN GTPase activating protein 1 
               
               
                 NM_054050 
                 Rapgef1 
                 Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 1 
               
               
                 NM_172517 
                 Rbbp5 
                 retinoblastoma binding protein 5 
               
               
                 NM_009031 
                 Rbbp7 
                 retinoblastoma binding protein 7 
               
               
                 NM_019733 
                 Rbpms 
                 RNA binding protein gene with multiple splicing 
               
               
                 NM_028030 
                 Rbpms2 
                 RNA binding protein with multiple splicing 2 
               
               
                 NM_009035 
                 Rbpsuh 
                 recombining binding protein suppressor of hairless ( Drosophila ) 
               
               
                 XM_204015 
                 Rere 
                 arginine glutamic acid dipeptide (RE) repeats 
               
               
                 NM_009051 
                 Rex2 
                 reduced expression 2 
               
               
                 NM_053075 
                 Rheb 
                 RAS-homolog enriched in brain 
               
               
                 NM_016802 
                 Rhoa 
                 ras homolog gene family, member A 
               
               
                 NM_033604 
                 Rnf111 
                 ring finger 111 
               
               
                 NM_011278 
                 Rnf4 
                 ring finger protein 4 
               
               
                 NM_133242 
                 Rnpc2 
                 RNA-binding region (RNP1, RRM) containing 2 
               
               
                 NM_184241 
                 RNPC2 
                 RNA-binding region (RNP1, RRM) containing 2 
               
               
                 NM_13846 
                 Ror2 
                 receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 [ Mus musculus ] 
               
               
                 NM_011284 
                 Rpa2 
                 replication protein A2 
               
               
                 NM_009438 
                 Rpl13a 
                 ribosomal protein L13a 
               
               
                 XM_194410 
                 Rpl18a 
                 Ribosomal protein L18A 
               
               
                 NM_019674 
                 Rpl21 
                 Ribosomal protein L21 
               
               
                 NM_009080 
                 Rpl26 
                 ribosomal protein L26 
               
               
                 NM_025433 
                 Rpl7l1 
                 ribosomal protein L7-like 1 
               
               
                 NM_181730 
                 Rpo1-3 
                 RNA polymerase 1-3 
               
               
                 NM_020600 
                 Rps14 
                 ribosomal protein S14 
               
               
                 NM_029767 
                 Rps9 
                 ribosomal protein S9 
               
               
                 NM_021383 
                 Rqcd1 
                 rcd1 (required for cell differentiation) homolog 1 ( S. pombe ) 
               
               
                 NM_009103 
                 Rrm1 
                 ribonucleotide reductase M1 
               
               
                 NM_019743 
                 Rybp 
                 RING1 and YY1 binding protein 
               
               
                 NM_175303 
                 Sall4 
                 sal-like 4 ( Drosophila ) 
               
               
                 NM_025535 
                 Sara2 
                 SAR1a gene homolog 2 ( S. cerevisiae ) 
               
               
                 XM_355637 
                 Sbno1* 
                 sno, strawberry notch homolog 1 ( Drosophila ) 
               
               
                 NM_019575 
                 Scamp4 
                 secretory carrier membrane protein 4 
               
               
                 NM_029023 
                 Scpep1 
                 serine carboxypeptidase 1 
               
               
                 NM_011341 
                 Sdf4 
                 stromal cell derived factor 4 
               
               
                 NM_009146 
                 Sdfr2 
                 stromal cell derived factor receptor 2 
               
               
                 NM_013659 
                 Sema4b 
                 sema domain, immunoglobulin domain (Ig), transmembrane 
               
               
                   
                   
                 domain I and short cytoplasmic domain, (semaphorin) 4B 
               
               
                 NM_027838 
                 Senp8 
                 SUMO/sentrin specific protease family member 8 
               
               
                 NM_144907 
                 Sesn2 
                 sestrin 2 
               
               
                 NM_023871 
                 Set 
                 SET translocation 
               
               
                 NM_018877 
                 Setdb1 
                 SET domain, bifurcated 1 
               
               
                 NM_013651 
                 Sf3a2 
                 splicing factor 3a, subunit 2 
               
               
                 NM_133953 
                 Sf3b3 
                 splicing factor 3b, subunit 3 
               
               
                 NM_177386 
                 Sfmbt2 
                 Scm-like with four mbt domains 2 
               
               
                 NM_009186 
                 Sfrs10 
                 splicing factor, arginine/serine-rich 10 (transformer 2 homolog, 
               
               
                   
                   
                   Drosophila ) 
               
               
                 NM_172755 
                 Sfrs14 
                 splicing factor, arginine/serine-rich 14 
               
               
                 NM_013663 
                 Sfrs3 
                 splicing factor, arginine/serine-rich 3 (SRp20) 
               
               
                 NM_026499 
                 Sfrs6 
                 splicing factor, arginine/serine-rich 6 
               
               
                 NM_146083 
                 Sfrs7 
                 splicing factor, arginine/serine-rich 7 
               
               
                 NM_011361 
                 Sgk 
                 serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 
               
               
                 NM_133816 
                 Sh3bp4 
                 SH3-domain binding protein 4 
               
               
                 NM_011543 
                 Skp1a 
                 S-phase kinase-associated protein 1A 
               
               
                 NM_015747 
                 Slc20a1 
                 solute carrier family 20, member 1 
               
               
                 NM_011394 
                 Slc20a2 
                 solute carrier family 20, member 2 
               
               
                 NM_144856 
                 Slc22a7 
                 solute carrier family 22 (organic anion transporter), member 7 
               
               
                 NM_015829 
                 Slc25a13 
                 solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial carrier, adenine 
               
               
                   
                   
                 nucleotide translocator), member 13 
               
               
                 NM_134086 
                 Slc38a1 
                 solute carrier family 38, member 1 
               
               
                 NM_027052 
                 Slc38a4 
                 solute carrier family 38, member 4 
               
               
                 NM_144808 
                 Slc39a14 
                 solute carrier family 39 (zinc transporter), member 14 
               
               
                 NM_008577 
                 Slc3a2 
                 solute carrier family 3 (activators of dibasic and neutral amino 
               
               
                   
                   
                 acid transport), member 2 
               
               
                 NM_009320 
                 Slc6a6 
                 solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, taurine), 
               
               
                   
                   
                 member 6 
               
               
                 NM_007513 
                 Slc7a1 
                 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ 
               
               
                   
                   
                 system), member 1 
               
               
                 NM_178371 
                 Slc9a8 
                 solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 8 
               
               
                 NM_010754 
                 Smad2 
                 MAD homolog 2 ( Drosophila ) 
               
               
                 NM_011417 
                 Smarca4 
                 SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator 
               
               
                   
                   
                 of chromatin, subfamily a, member 4 
               
               
                 XM_132597 
                 Smarcad1 
                 SWI/SNF-related, matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator 
               
               
                   
                   
                 of chromatin, subfamily a, containing DEAD/H box 1 
               
               
                 NM_133786 
                 Smc4l1 
                 SMC4 structural maintenance of chromosomes 4-like 1 (yeast) 
               
               
                 NM_027188 
                 Smyd3 
                 SET and MYND domain containing 3 
               
               
                 NM_009222 
                 Snap23 
                 synaptosomal-associated protein 23 
               
               
                 XM_133225 
                 Snrpd2 
                 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein D2 
               
               
                 NM_026095 
                 Snrpd3 
                 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein D3 
               
               
                 NM_007707 
                 Socs3 
                 suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 
               
               
                 NM_013672 
                 Sp1 
                 trans-acting transcription factor 1 
               
               
                 NM_146043 
                 Spin 
                 spindlin 
               
               
                 NM_033523 
                 Spred2 
                 sprouty protein with EVH-1 domain 2, related sequence 
               
               
                 NM_011897 
                 Spry2 
                 sprouty homolog 2 ( Drosophila ) 
               
               
                 NM_011898 
                 Spry4 
                 sprouty homolog 4 ( Drosophila ) 
               
               
                 NM_016333 
                 SRRM2 
                 serine/arginine repetitive matrix 2 
               
               
                 NM_175229 
                 Srrm2 
                 serine/arginine repetitive matrix 2 
               
               
                 NM_009278 
                 Ssb 
                 Sjogren syndrome antigen B 
               
               
                 NM_009282 
                 Stag1 
                 stromal antigen 1 
               
               
                 NM_011490 
                 Stau1 
                 staufen (RNA binding protein) homolog 1 ( Drosophila ) 
               
               
                 NM_134115 
                 Stk38 
                 serine/threonine kinase 38 
               
               
                 XM_358343 
                 Sulf2 
                 sulfatase 2 
               
               
                 NM_009460 
                 Sumo1 
                 SMT3 suppressor of mif two 3 homolog 1 (yeast) 
               
               
                 NM_019929 
                 Sumo3 
                 SMT3 suppressor of mif two 3 homolog 3 (yeast) 
               
               
                 NM_009298 
                 Surf6 
                 surfeit gene 6 
               
               
                 NM_144871 
                 Suv420h1 
                 suppressor of variegation 4-20 homolog 1 ( Drosophila ) 
               
               
                 NM_006372 
                 SYNCRIP 
                 synaptotagmin binding, cytoplasmic RNA interacting protein 
               
               
                 NM_019666 
                 Syncrip 
                 synaptotagmin binding, cytoplasmic RNA interacting protein 
               
               
                 NM_027427 
                 Taf15 
                 TAF15 RNA polymerase II, TATA box binding protein (TBP)- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 associated factor 
               
               
                 NM_133966 
                 Taf5l 
                 TAF5-like RNA polymerase II, p300/CBP-associated factor 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (PCAF)-associated factor 
               
               
                 NM_027139 
                 Taf9 
                 TAF9 RNA polymerase II, TATA box binding protein (TBP)- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 associated factor 
               
               
                 XM_043492 
                 TANC 
                 TPR domain, ankyrin-repeat and coiled-coil-containing 
               
               
                 NM_009319 
                 Tarbp2 
                 TAR (HIV) RNA binding protein 2 
               
               
                 NM_145556 
                 Tardbp 
                 TAR DNA binding protein 
               
               
                 NM_178337 
                 Tbce 
                 tubulin-specific chaperone e 
               
               
                 NM_019786 
                 Tbk1 
                 TANK-binding kinase 1 
               
               
                 NM_030732 
                 Tbl1xr1 
                 transducin (beta)-like 1X-linked receptor 1 
               
               
                 NM_134011 
                 Tbrg4 
                 transforming growth factor beta regulated gene 4 
               
               
                 NM_26456 
                 Tceb1 
                 Transcription elongation factor B (SIII), polypeptide 1 
               
               
                 NM_019512 
                 Tcerg1 
                 transcription elongation regulator 1 (CA150) 
               
               
                 NM_011561 
                 Tdg 
                 thymine DNA glycosylase 
               
               
                 NM_021480 
                 Tdh 
                 L-threonine dehydrogenase 
               
               
                 NM_009346 
                 Tead1 
                 TEA domain family member 1 
               
               
                 XM_109868 
                 Tens1 
                 tensin-like SH2 domain containing 1 
               
               
                 NM_198292 
                 Tex2 
                 testis expressed gene 2 
               
               
                 NM_011638 
                 Tfrc 
                 transferrin receptor 
               
               
                 NM_009372 
                 Tgif 
                 TG interacting factor 
               
               
                 NM_009372 
                 Tgif 
                 TG interacting factor 
               
               
                 NM_022065 
                 THADA 
                 thyroid adenoma associated 
               
               
                 NM_146153 
                 Thrap3 
                 thyroid hormone receptor associated protein 3 
               
               
                 NM_011585 
                 Tia1 
                 cytotoxic granule-associated RNA binding protein 1 
               
               
                 XM_358883 
                 Tiam1 
                 PREDICTED:  Mus musculus  T-cell lymphoma invasion and 
               
               
                   
                   
                 metastasis 1(Tiam1), mRNA. 
               
               
                 NM_013896 
                 Timm10* 
                 translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 9 homolog (yeast) 
               
               
                 NM_016897 
                 Timm23 
                 translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 23 homolog 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (yeast) 
               
               
                 NM_011597 
                 Tjp2 
                 tight junction protein 2 
               
               
                 NM_172664 
                 Tlk1 
                 tousled-like kinase 1 
               
               
                 NM_012290 
                 TLK1 
                 tousled-like kinase 1 
               
               
                 XM_132970 
                 Tm7sf3 
                 transmembrane 7 superfamily member 3 
               
               
                 NM_020275 
                 Tnfrsf10b 
                 tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 10b 
               
               
                 NM_178716 
                 Tnpo1 
                 transportin 1 
               
               
                 NM_145390 
                 Tnpo2 
                 Transportin 2 (importin 3, karyopherin beta 2b) 
               
               
                 NM_146112 
                 Tnrc15 
                 trinucleotide repeat containing 15 
               
               
                 NM_024214 
                 Tomm20 
                 translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20 homolog 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (yeast) 
               
               
                 NM_138599 
                 Tomm70a 
                 translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 70 homolog A 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (yeast) 
               
               
                 NM_009408 
                 Top1 
                 topoisomerase (DNA) I 
               
               
                 NM_009412 
                 Tpd52 
                 tumor protein D52 
               
               
                 NM_022314 
                 Tpm3 
                 tropomyosin 3, gamma 
               
               
                 NM_009429 
                 Tpt1 
                 tumor protein, translationally-controlled 1 
               
               
                 NM_028109 
                 Tpx2 
                 TPX2, microtubule-associated protein homolog ( Xenopus laevis ) 
               
               
                 NM_025863 
                 Trim59 
                 tripartite motif-containing 59 
               
               
                 XM_376178 
                 TRIP12 
                 PREDICTED:  Homo sapiens  thyroid hormone receptor interactor 
               
               
                   
                   
                 12(TRIP12), mRNA. 
               
               
                 NM_011640 
                 Trp53 
                 transformation related protein 53 
               
               
                 NM_021897 
                 Trp53inp1 
                 transformation related protein 53 inducible nuclear protein 1 
               
               
                 NM_009445 
                 Ttk 
                 Ttk protein kinase 
               
               
                 XM_131709 
                 Txln 
                 PREDICTED:  Mus musculus  taxilin (Txln), mRNA. 
               
               
                 NM_024187 
                 U2af1 
                 U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein auxiliary factor (U2AF) 1 
               
               
                 NM_178794 
                 U2af1-rs2 
                 U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein auxiliary factor (U2AF) 1, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 related sequence 2 
               
               
                 NM_007279 
                 U2AF2 
                 U2 (RNU2) small nuclear RNA auxiliary factor 2 
               
               
                 NM_026872 
                 Ubap2 
                 ubiquitin-associated protein 2 
               
               
                 NM_025985 
                 Ube2g1 
                 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2G 1 (UBC7 homolog,  C. elegans ) 
               
               
                 NM_021402 
                 Ube2j2 
                 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2, J2 homolog (yeast) 
               
               
                 NM_009456 
                 Ube2l3 
                 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2L 3 
               
               
                 NM_014233 
                 UBTF 
                 upstream binding transcription factor, RNA polymerase I 
               
               
                 NM_026390 
                 Ubxd2 
                 UBX domain containing 2 
               
               
                 NM_145441 
                 Ubxd4 
                 UBX domain containing 4 
               
               
                 XM_140801 
                 Upf2 
                 UPF2 regulator of nonsense transcripts homolog (yeast) 
               
               
                 NM_009477 
                 Upp1 
                 uridine phosphorylase 1 
               
               
                 XM_497119 
                 UREB1 
                 upstream regulatory element binding protein 1 
               
               
                 NM_009462 
                 Usp10 
                 ubiquitin specific protease 10 
               
               
                 NM_024258 
                 Usp16 
                 ubiquitin specific protease 16 
               
               
                 NM_175482 
                 Usp28 
                 ubiquitin specific protease 28 
               
               
                 XM_485461 
                 Usp48 
                 ubiquitin specific protease 48 
               
               
                 NM_009481 
                 Usp9x 
                 ubiquitin specific protease 9, X chromosome 
               
               
                 NM_011690 
                 Vars2 
                 valyl-tRNA synthetase 2 
               
               
                 NM_009503 
                 Vcp 
                 valosin containing protein 
               
               
                 NM_011694 
                 Vdac1 
                 voltage-dependent anion channel 1 
               
               
                 NM_153423 
                 Wasf2 
                 WAS protein family, member 2 
               
               
                 NM_033561 
                 Wbscr1 
                 Williams-Beuren syndrome chromosome region 1 homolog 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (human) 
               
               
                 NM_145125 
                 Wdr9 
                 WD repeat domain 9 
               
               
                 NM_017778 
                 WHSC1L1 
                 Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome candidate 1-like 1 
               
               
                 NM_009517 
                 Wig1 
                 wild-type p53-induced gene 1 
               
               
                 NM_175394 
                 Wtap 
                 Wilms&#39; tumour 1-associating protein [ Mus musculus ] 
               
               
                 NM_025830 
                 Wwp2 
                 WW domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2 
               
               
                 NM_134014 
                 Xpo1 
                 exportin 1, CRM1 homolog (yeast) 
               
               
                 NM_028012 
                 Xrcc4 
                 X-ray repair complementing defective repair in Chinese hamster 
               
               
                   
                   
                 cells 4 
               
               
                 NM_009534 
                 Yap1 
                 yes-associated protein 1 
               
               
                 NM_013771 
                 Yme1l1* 
                 YME1-like 1 ( S. cerevisiae ) 
               
               
                 NM_009536 
                 Ywhae 
                 tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase 
               
               
                   
                   
                 activation protein, epsilon polypeptide 
               
               
                 NM_009537 
                 Yy1 
                 YY1 transcription factor 
               
               
                 NM_009551 
                 Za20d2 
                 zinc finger, A20 domain containing 2 
               
               
                 NM_010731 
                 Zbtb7 
                 zinc finger and BTB domain containing 7 
               
               
                 NM_172569 
                 Zc3hdc5 
                 zinc finger CCCH type domain containing 5 
               
               
                 NM_026479 
                 Zcchc10 
                 zinc finger, CCHC domain containing 10 
               
               
                 XM_489605 
                 Zcwcc3 
                 zinc finger, CW-type with coiled-coil domain 3 
               
               
                 NM_009540 
                 Zfa 
                 zinc finger protein, autosomal 
               
               
                 NM_008717 
                 Zfml 
                 zinc finger, matrin-like 
               
               
                 NM_011742 
                 Zfp1 
                 zinc finger protein 1 
               
               
                 NM_27248 
                 Zfp219 
                 Zinc finger protein 219 
               
               
                 NM_027248 
                 Zfp219 
                 zinc finger protein 219 
               
               
                 XM_355521 
                 Zfp262 
                 zinc finger protein 262 
               
               
                 NM_022409 
                 Zfp296 
                 zinc finger protein 296 
               
               
                 NM_027947 
                 Zfp297b 
                 zinc finger protein 297B 
               
               
                 NM_030743 
                 Zfp313 
                 zinc finger protein 313 
               
               
                 NM_009556 
                 Zfp42 
                 zinc finger protein 42 
               
               
                 NM_146253 
                 Zfp482 
                 zinc finger protein 482 
               
               
                 NM_207255 
                 Zfp532 
                 zinc finger protein 532 
               
               
                 NM_009559 
                 Zfp57 
                 zinc finger protein 57 
               
               
                 NM_009560 
                 Zfp60 
                 zinc finger protein 60 
               
               
                 XM_484778 
                 Zfp91 
                 zinc finger protein 91 
               
               
                 NM_011757 
                 Zipro1 
                 zinc finger proliferation 1 
               
               
                 NM_003442 
                 ZNF143 
                 zinc finger protein 143 (clone pHZ-1) 
               
               
                 XM_375065 
                 ZNF409 
                 zinc finger protein 409 
               
               
                 NM_018181 
                 ZNF532 
                 zinc finger protein 532 
               
               
                 NM_028028 
                 Zswim1 
                 zinc finger, SWIM domain containing 1 
               
               
                 NM_198416 
                 Zzz3 
                 zinc finger, ZZ domain containing 3 
               
               
                 NM_021446 
                 0610007P14Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 0610007P14 gene 
               
               
                 NM_025645 
                 0610009C03Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 0610009C03 gene 
               
               
                 NM_026681 
                 0610010D24Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 0610010D24 gene 
               
               
                 NM_153194 
                 1110034°07Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 1110034°07 gene 
               
               
                 XM_358504 
                 1110038B12Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 1110038B12 gene 
               
               
                 XM_485388 
                 1110054°05Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 1110054°05 gene 
               
               
                 NM_026170 
                 1200007D18Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 1200007D18 gene 
               
               
                 NM_028760 
                 1200008°12Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 1200008°12 gene 
               
               
                 NM_025814 
                 1200009K13Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 1200009K13 gene 
               
               
                 NM_026182 
                 1300002C08Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 1300002C08 gene 
               
               
                 NM_173366 
                 1500010G04Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 1500010G04 gene 
               
               
                 NM_026411 
                 1700021F05Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 1700021F05 gene 
               
               
                 NM_024260 
                 1700034M03Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 1700034M03 gene 
               
               
                 NM_028487 
                 1700034P14Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 1700034P14 gene 
               
               
                 XM_207074 
                 1810006K21Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 1810006K21 gene 
               
               
                 XM_148990 
                 1810043M20Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 1810043M20 gene 
               
               
                 NM_027360 
                 2010107E04Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 2010107E04 gene 
               
               
                 XM_127387 
                 2010111I01Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 2010111I01 gene 
               
               
                 NM_028218 
                 2210409E12Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 2210409E12 gene 
               
               
                 NM_029813 
                 2210418°10Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 2210418°10 gene 
               
               
                 NM_145563 
                 2310001H12Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 2310001H12 gene 
               
               
                 NM_175107 
                 2310022A10Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 2310022A10 gene 
               
               
                 NM_133714 
                 2310037I24Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 2310037I24 gene 
               
               
                 NM_025531 
                 2310042G06Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 2310042G06 gene 
               
               
                 NM_175108 
                 2310047C17Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 2310047C17 gene 
               
               
                 NM_026421 
                 2310057D15Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 2310057D15 gene 
               
               
                 NM_026844 
                 2310061C15Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 2310061C15 gene 
               
               
                 NM_025475 
                 2410007P03Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 2410007P03 gene 
               
               
                 NM_023203 
                 2410015N17Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 2410015N17 gene 
               
               
                 NM_026643 
                 2410017P07Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 2410017P07 gene 
               
               
                 NM_028362 
                 2410018L13Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 2410018L13 gene 
               
               
                 NM_024254 
                 2410042D21Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 2410042D21 gene 
               
               
                 NM_028603 
                 2410081M15Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 2410081M15 gene 
               
               
                 XM_133019 
                 2410127E18Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 2410127E18 gene 
               
               
                 NM_026120 
                 2410127L17Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 2410127L17 gene 
               
               
                 NM_029747 
                 2410137M14Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 2410137M14 gene 
               
               
                 NM_030241 
                 2410195B05Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 2410195B05 gene 
               
               
                 NM_023215 
                 2500003M10Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 2500003M10 gene 
               
               
                 XM_127013 
                 2600001A11Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 2600001A11 gene 
               
               
                 XM_355888 
                 2610021A01Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 2610021A01 gene 
               
               
                 XM_486234 
                 2610021I23Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 2610021I23 gene 
               
               
                 NM_146084 
                 2610024E20Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 2610024E20 gene 
               
               
                 NM_175143 
                 2610028H07Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 2610028H07 gene 
               
               
                 NM_026407 
                 2610033C09Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 2610033C09 gene 
               
               
                 NM_026476 
                 2610101N10Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 2610101N10 gene 
               
               
                 NM_026009 
                 2610204L23Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 2610204L23 gene 
               
               
                 NM_028151 
                 2610528A15Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 2610528A15 gene 
               
               
                 XM_132261 
                 2610528A17Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 2610528A17 gene 
               
               
                 NM_026531 
                 2700083B06Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 2700083B06 gene 
               
               
                 NM_026029 
                 2700085E05Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 2700085E05 gene 
               
               
                 XM_488640 
                 2810011L15Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 2810011L15 gene 
               
               
                 NM_026197 
                 2810013M15Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 2810013M15 gene 
               
               
                 NM_029766 
                 2810047L02Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 2810047L02 gene 
               
               
                 NM_028330 
                 2810051F02Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 2810051F02 gene 
               
               
                 XM_284425 
                 2810422J05Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 2810422J05 gene 
               
               
                 XM_132966 
                 2810474°19Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 2810474°19 gene 
               
               
                 NM_028385 
                 2900045N06Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 2900045N06 gene 
               
               
                 NM_026064 
                 2900073G15Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 2900073G15 gene 
               
               
                 NM_026615 
                 2900073H19Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 2900073H19 gene 
               
               
                 NM_175404 
                 3010003L21Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 3010003L21 gene 
               
               
                 XM_134514 
                 3010027A04Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 3010027A04 gene 
               
               
                 NM_026521 
                 3110006P09Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 3110006P09 gene 
               
               
                 XM_125867 
                 3830408P06Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 3830408P06 gene 
               
               
                 XM_196130 
                 4432411E13Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 4432411E13 gene 
               
               
                 XM_282969 
                 4631424J17Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 4631424J17 gene 
               
               
                 NM_027453 
                 4632412E09Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 4632412E09 gene 
               
               
                 XM_130287 
                 4930432B04Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 4930432B04 gene 
               
               
                 NM_026289 
                 4930465K10Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 4930465K10 gene 
               
               
                 NM_028127 
                 4930488L10Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 4930488L10 gene 
               
               
                 NM_026594 
                 4930517K11Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 4930517K11 gene 
               
               
                 NM_029186 
                 4930538D17Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 4930538D17 gene 
               
               
                 NM_026296 
                 4930548H24Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 4930548H24 gene 
               
               
                 NM_025739 
                 4931406I20Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 4931406I20 gene 
               
               
                 NM_030074 
                 4931408L03Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 4931408L03 gene 
               
               
                 NM_178935 
                 4932441K18 
                 CXORF15 
               
               
                 NM_178682 
                 4933426M11Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 4933426M11 gene 
               
               
                 NM_183200 
                 5330438D12Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 5330438D12 gene 
               
               
                 NM_029868 
                 5330440MI5Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 5330440M15 gene 
               
               
                 NM_172935 
                 5730457F11Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 5730457F11 gene 
               
               
                 NM_197940 
                 5730509C05Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 5730509C05 gene 
               
               
                 NM_172661 
                 5830434P21Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 5830434P21 gene 
               
               
                 NM_172765 
                 6030404E16Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 6030404E16 gene 
               
               
                 XM_486150 
                 6030411K04Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 6030411K04 gene 
               
               
                 XM_133159 
                 6230401°10Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 6230401°10 gene 
               
               
                 NM_029532 
                 6330548G22Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 6330548G22 gene 
               
               
                 XM_133187 
                 6820402°20Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 6820402°20 gene 
               
               
                 XM_144310 
                 6820424L24Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 6820424L24 gene 
               
               
                 NM_172501 
                 8030451K01Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 8030451K01 gene 
               
               
                 NM_175294 
                 8430423A01Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 8430423A01 gene 
               
               
                 NM_194351 
                 9330175B10Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 9330175B10 gene 
               
               
                 NM_175414 
                 9430079M16Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 9430079M16 gene 
               
               
                 NM_181401 
                 9630015D15Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 9630015D15 gene 
               
               
                 NM_172380 
                 9630046K23Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 9630046K23 gene 
               
               
                 NM_146186 
                 2310038K02Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 2310038K02 gene 
               
               
                 NM_175433 
                 5430400N05Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 5430400N05 gene 
               
               
                 NM_177136 
                 9030227G01Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 9030227G01 gene 
               
               
                 XM_126551 
                 9930033H14Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 9930033H14 gene 
               
               
                 NM_183028 
                 A030012M09Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA A030012M09 gene 
               
               
                 NM_175004 
                 A230072I16Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA A230072I16 gene 
               
               
                 NM_212484 
                 A230103N10Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA A230103N10 gene 
               
               
                 XM_138091 
                 C130039O16Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA C130039O16 gene 
               
               
                 NM_022554 
                 Pdlim5 
                 PDZ and LIM domain 5 
               
               
                 XM_356366 
                 A830080D01Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA A830080D01 gene 
               
               
                 XM_133935 
                 AA673488 
                 expressed sequence AA673488 
               
               
                 AB024497 
                 Rest 
                   Mus musculus  NRSF/REST gene for neural-restrictive silencer 
               
               
                   
                   
                 factor, exon 1a, exon 1b, exon 1c, 5′UTR. 
               
               
                 BC048391 
                   
                   Mus musculus  mRNA similar to thyroid hormone receptor- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 associated protein, 150 kDa subunit (cDNA clone MGC: 56927 
               
               
                   
                   
                 IMAGE: 6314114), complete cds. 
               
               
                 AK173249 
                   
                   Mus musculus  mRNA for mKIAA1745 protein. 
               
               
                 AK129336 
                   
                   Mus musculus  mRNA for mKIAA1341 protein. 
               
               
                 AK129266 
                   
                   Mus musculus  mRNA for mKIAA1020 protein. 
               
               
                 AK122371 
                   
                   Mus musculus  mRNA for mKIAA0799 protein. 
               
               
                 AK172968 
                   
                   Mus musculus  mRNA for mKIAA0545 protein. 
               
               
                 AK129140 
                   
                   Mus musculus  mRNA for mKIAA0433 protein. 
               
               
                 AK129117 
                   
                   Mus musculus  mRNA for mKIAA0333 protein. 
               
               
                 AK129037 
                   
                   Mus musculus  mRNA for mKIAA0019 protein. 
               
               
                 AB050541 
                   
                   Mus musculus  mPcl2 mRNA for polycomblike 2, partial cds. 
               
               
                 BC079594 
                 1700081L11Rik 
                   Mus musculus  cDNA clone MGC: 90742 IMAGE: 6827379, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 complete cds. 
               
               
                 BC049128 
                   
                   Mus musculus  cDNA clone MGC: 61256 IMAGE: 6822178, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 complete cds. 
               
               
                 BC052850 
                   
                   Mus musculus  cDNA clone MGC: 60532 IMAGE: 30057964, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 complete cds. 
               
               
                 BC057163 
                   
                   Mus musculus  cDNA clone IMAGE: 5351131, partial cds. 
               
               
                 BC033443 
                   
                   Mus musculus  cDNA clone IMAGE: 4036366, partial cds. 
               
               
                 AL732594 
                   
                 Mouse DNA sequence from clone RP24-189G18 on 
               
               
                   
                   
                 chromosome 4 Contains the gene for the otholog of human 
               
               
                   
                   
                 PRP4 pre-mRNA processing factor 4 homolog (yeast) PRPF4, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 three novel genes, the Bspry gene for B-box and SPRY domain 
               
               
                   
                   
                 containing protein, the Alad gene fo 
               
               
                 AL732548 
                   
                 Mouse DNA sequence from clone RP24-145P21 on 
               
               
                   
                   
                 chromosome 4 Contains a novel gene, the Slc31a1 gene for 
               
               
                   
                   
                 solute carrier family 31 member 1, the 5′ end of a novel gene 
               
               
                   
                   
                 and a CpG island, complete sequence. 
               
               
                 AL137783 
                   
                 Human DNA sequence from clone RP5-1181K21 on 
               
               
                   
                   
                 chromosome 6 Contains the RPS12 gene encoding the 
               
               
                   
                   
                 ribosomal protein S12, a High mobility group protein-1 
               
               
                   
                   
                 pseudogene, a CpG island, ESTs, STSs and GSSs, complete 
               
               
                   
                   
                 sequence. 
               
               
                 BC040987 
                   
                   Homo sapiens  cDNA clone IMAGE: 4813640, partial cds. 
               
               
                 X73096 
                 HNRNPA1 
                   H. sapiens  hnRNP A1 gene promoter region. 
               
               
                 M81871 
                 RBP-Jkappa 
                   Mus musculus  immunoglobulin germline IgK chain 
               
               
                   
                   
                 recombination binding protein (RBP-J kappa) pseudogene, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 exons 2-11. 
               
               
                 BC027311 
                 2310007F21Rik 
                   Mus musculus  RIKEN cDNA 2310007F21 gene, mRNA (cDNA 
               
               
                   
                   
                 clone MGC: 28095 IMAGE: 3964905), complete cds. 
               
               
                 BC016099 
                 2410002F23Rik 
                   Mus musculus  RIKEN cDNA 2410002F23 gene, mRNA (cDNA 
               
               
                   
                   
                 clone MGC: 27669 IMAGE: 4910895), complete cds. 
               
               
                 BC032970 
                 2810026P18Rik 
                   Mus musculus  RIKEN cDNA 2810026P18 gene, mRNA (cDNA 
               
               
                   
                   
                 clone MGC: 41526 IMAGE: 1224948), complete cds. 
               
               
                 AJ288898 
                 Als2cr3 
                   Rattus norvegicus  mRNA for GABA-A receptor interacting 
               
               
                   
                   
                 factor-1 (GRIF-1 gene), splice variants. 
               
               
                 BC012488 
                 Arhgef1 
                   Mus musculus  Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 
               
               
                   
                   
                 1, mRNA (cDNA clone MGC: 11487 IMAGE: 3154558), complete 
               
               
                   
                   
                 cds. 
               
               
                 AY255781 
                 Bat1b 
                   Mus musculus  strain C57BL/10 HLA-B associated transcript 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (Bat1b) gene, promoter and 5′ UTR. 
               
               
                 BC009202 
                 C14orf43 
                   Homo sapiens  chromosome 14 open reading frame 43, mRNA 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (cDNA clone IMAGE: 3614143), partial cds. 
               
               
                 AF033620 
                 Cd151 
                   Mus musculus  platelet endothelial tetraspan antigen-3 (Peta3) 
               
               
                   
                   
                 gene, complete cds. 
               
               
                 BC057645 
                 Chc1 
                   Mus musculus  chromosome condensation 1, mRNA (cDNA 
               
               
                   
                   
                 clone MGC: 67907 IMAGE: 3591859), complete cds. 
               
               
                 AJ276962 
                 Clasp1 
                   Mus musculus partial  mRNA for CLIP-associating protein 
               
               
                   
                   
                 CLASP1. 
               
               
                 BY098269 
                 Cox6c 
                 V-src suppressed transcript 3 
               
               
                 BC052713 
                 Cyfip1 
                   Mus musculus  cytoplasmic FMR1 interacting protein 1, mRNA 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (cDNA clone MGC: 64669 IMAGE: 6835403), complete cds. 
               
               
                 AF307845 
                 D15Ertd366e 
                   Mus musculus  epithelial protein lost in neoplasm-b (Eplin) 
               
               
                   
                   
                 mRNA, complete cds. 
               
               
                 BC023768 
                 Epb4.1l2 
                   Mus musculus  erythrocyte protein band 4.1-like 2, mRNA (cDNA 
               
               
                   
                   
                 clone IMAGE: 5343611), partial cds. 
               
               
                 BC049781 
                 Fzd7* 
                   Mus musculus , frizzled homolog 7 ( Drosophila ), clone 
               
               
                   
                   
                 IMAGE: 6334607, mRNA, partial cds. 
               
               
                 BC021156 
                 G3bp 
                   Mus musculus  Ras-GTPase-activating protein SH3-domain 
               
               
                   
                   
                 binding protein, mRNA (cDNA clone MGC: 13925 
               
               
                   
                   
                 IMAGE: 4020362), complete cds. 
               
               
                 BC012639 
                 Gsta4 
                   Mus musculus  glutathione S-transferase, alpha 4, mRNA (cDNA 
               
               
                   
                   
                 clone MGC: 13725 IMAGE: 3995378), complete cds. 
               
               
                 BC065124 
                 Hic2 
                   Mus musculus  hypermethylated in cancer 2, mRNA (cDNA 
               
               
                   
                   
                 clone MGC: 85994 IMAGE: 30537019), complete cds. 
               
               
                 AJ011802 
                 HSA011802 
                   Homo sapiens  OZF gene exon 1. 
               
               
                 X54053 
                 MMKFGF5 
                 Mouse k-FGF oncogene 5′ sequence. 
               
               
                 BC061811 
                 Nap1l1 
                   Rattus norvegicus  cDNA clone MGC: 72278 IMAGE: 5598632, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 complete cds. 
               
               
                 BC046478 
                   
                   Mus musculus , clone IMAGE: 5324476, mRNA. 
               
               
                 BC061232 
                 Ogdh 
                   Mus musculus  oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (lipoamide), mRNA 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (cDNA clone IMAGE: 6535602), complete cds. 
               
               
                 AB086633 
                 Papola 
                   Mus musculus  gene for polyA polymerase, exon 1. 
               
               
                 BC031202 
                 Plxnb2 
                   Mus musculus  plexin B2, mRNA (cDNA clone MGC: 37720 
               
               
                   
                   
                 IMAGE: 5066347), complete cds. 
               
               
                 BC055788 
                 Prkwnk1 
                   Mus musculus  protein kinase, lysine deficient 1, mRNA (cDNA 
               
               
                   
                   
                 clone IMAGE: 6407142), partial cds. 
               
               
                 D14441 
                 RATNAP22 
                   Rattus norvegicus  NAP-22 mRNA for acidic membrane protein 
               
               
                   
                   
                 of rat brain, complete cds. 
               
               
                 BC011441 
                 Rbmxrt 
                   Mus musculus  RNA binding motif protein, X chromosome 
               
               
                   
                   
                 retrogene, mRNA (cDNA clone MGC: 6954 IMAGE: 3153831), 
               
               
                   
                   
                 complete cds. 
               
               
                 AJ006837 
                 Rnu17d 
                   Mus musculus  RNA transcript from U17 small nucleolar RNA 
               
               
                   
                   
                 host gene. 
               
               
                 AF218255 
                 Slc29a1 
                   Mus musculus  equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 gene, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 complete cds, alternatively spliced. 
               
               
                 AE510653 
                 Tcfe3 
                   Mus musculus  transcription factor E3 (Tcfe3) mRNA, partial 
               
               
                   
                   
                 cds. 
               
               
                 BC076618 
                 Tmem23 
                   Mus musculus  RIKEN cDNA 9530058O11 gene, mRNA (cDNA 
               
               
                   
                   
                 clone IMAGE: 30635490), partial cds. 
               
               
                 BC015289 
                 Vasp 
                   Mus musculus  vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein, mRNA 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (cDNA clone MGC: 18907 IMAGE: 4240907), complete cds. 
               
               
                 BC019463 
                 Wdr33 
                   Mus musculus  WD repeat domain 33, mRNA (cDNA clone 
               
               
                   
                   
                 IMAGE: 4035918), complete cds. 
               
               
                 BC023704 
                 Wdr42a 
                   Mus musculus  DNA segment, Chr 1, University of California at 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Los Angeles 4, mRNA (cDNA clone MGC: 38390 
               
               
                   
                   
                 IMAGE: 5345701), complete cds. 
               
               
                 BC066035 
                 Zranb3 
                   Mus musculus  RIKEN cDNA 4933425L19 gene, mRNA (cDNA 
               
               
                   
                   
                 clone MGC: 91303 IMAGE: 6837116), complete cds. 
               
               
                 BY174699 
                   
                 Similar to Flt3 interacting zinc finger protein 1 
               
               
                 CD546468 
                 B230112C05Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA B230112C05 gene 
               
               
                 BY196730 
                   
                 Gene model 1650, (NCBI) 
               
               
                 BY752712 
                   
                 Transcribed locus 
               
             
          
           
               
                 B) with FlipROSACeo (* injected genes) 
               
             
          
           
               
                 NM_011075 
                 Abcb1b 
                 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 1B 
               
               
                 NM_080633 
                 Aco2 
                 aconitase 2, mitochondrial 
               
               
                 NM_009616 
                 Adam19 
                 a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 19 (meltrin beta) 
               
               
                 NM_007414 
                 Adprh 
                 ADP-ribosylarginine hydrolase 
               
               
                 NM_054070 
                 Afg3l1 
                 AFG3(ATPase family gene 3)-like 1 (yeast) 
               
               
                 NM_009642 
                 Agtrap 
                 angiotensin II, type I receptor-associated protein 
               
               
                 NM_198626 
                 AI480653 
                 expressed sequence AI480653 
               
               
                 NM_178760 
                 AI790205 
                 expressed sequence AI790205 
               
               
                 NM_177869 
                 AI847670 
                 expressed sequence AI847670 
               
               
                 NM_009656 
                 Aldh2 
                 aldehyde dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial 
               
               
                 NM_178784 
                 Alg6 
                 asparagine-linked glycosylation 6 homolog (yeast, alpha-1,3,- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 glucosyltransferase) 
               
               
                 NM_007469 
                 Apoc1 
                 apolipoprotein C-I 
               
               
                 NM_019734 
                 Asah1 
                 N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase 1 
               
               
                 NM_009721 
                 Atp1b1 
                 ATPase, Na+/K+ transporting, beta 1 polypeptide 
               
               
                 NM_009722 
                 Atp2a2 
                 ATPase, Ca++ transporting, cardiac muscle, slow twitch 2 
               
               
                 NM_007505 
                 Atp5a1 
                 ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 alpha subunit, isoform 1 
               
               
                 NM_016774 
                 Atp5b 
                 ATP synthase, H+ transporting mitochondrial F1 complex, beta 
               
               
                   
                   
                 subunit 
               
               
                 NM_009725 
                 Atp5f1 
                 ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F0 complex, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 subunit b, isoform 1 
               
               
                 NM_175015 
                 Atp5g3 
                 ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F0 complex, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 subunit c (subunit 9), isoform 3 
               
               
                 NM_027862 
                 Atp5h 
                 ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F0 complex, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 subunit d 
               
               
                 NM_138597 
                 Atp5o 
                 ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, O 
               
               
                   
                   
                 subunit 
               
               
                 NM_027439 
                 Atp6ap2 
                 ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal accessory protein 2 
               
               
                 NM_178772 
                 B230106I24Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA B230106I24 gene 
               
               
                 NM_019693 
                 Bat1a 
                 HLA-B-associated transcript 1A 
               
               
                 NM_009737 
                 Bcat2 
                 branched chain aminotransferase 2, mitochondrial 
               
               
                 NM_009761 
                 Bnip3l 
                 BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa-interacting protein 3-like 
               
               
                 NM_007591 
                 Calr 
                 calreticulin 
               
               
                 NM_007597 
                 Canx 
                 calnexin 
               
               
                 NM_009838 
                 Cct6a 
                 chaperonin subunit 6a (zeta) 
               
               
                 NM_007645 
                 Cd37 
                 CD37 antigen 
               
               
                 NM_007657 
                 Cd9 
                 CD9 antigen 
               
               
                 NM_009864 
                 Cdh1 
                 cadherin 1 
               
               
                 NM_025876 
                 Cdk5rap1 
                 CDK5 regulatory subunit associated protein 1 
               
               
                 NM_024536 
                 CHPF 
                 chondroitin polymerizing factor 
               
               
                 XM_132045 
                 Chrna9 
                 cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 9 
               
               
                 XM_125808 
                 Ckap4 
                 cytoskeleton-associated protein 4 
               
               
                 NM_011929 
                 Clcn6 
                 chloride channel 6 
               
               
                 NM_019649 
                 Clptm1 
                 cleft lip and palate associated transmembrane protein 1 
               
               
                 NM_053071 
                 Cox6c 
                 cytochrome c oxidase, subunit VIc 
               
               
                 NM_007750 
                 Cox8a 
                 cytochrome c oxidase, subunit VIIIa 
               
               
                 NM_133930 
                 Creld1 
                 cysteine-rich with EGF-like domains 1 
               
               
                 NM_007791 
                 Csrp1 
                 cysteine and glycine-rich protein 1 
               
               
                 NM_181417 
                 Csrp2bp 
                 cysteine and glycine-rich protein 2 binding protein 
               
               
                 NM_009976 
                 Cst3 
                 cystatin C 
               
               
                 NM_009984 
                 Ctsl 
                 cathepsin L 
               
               
                 NM_022325 
                 Ctsz 
                 cathepsin Z 
               
               
                 NM_178640 
                 D230016N13Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA D230016N13 gene 
               
               
                 NM_028053 
                 D4Ertd89e 
                 DNA segment, Chr 4, ERATO Doi 89, expressed 
               
               
                 NM_175518 
                 D730040F13Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA D730040F13 gene 
               
               
                 NM_172681 
                 D930015E06Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA D930015E06 gene 
               
               
                 NM_025705 
                 Dcbld1 
                 discoidin, CUB and LCCL domain containing 1 
               
               
                 NM_007584 
                 Ddr1 
                 discoidin domain receptor family, member 1 
               
               
                 NM_007840 
                 Ddx5 
                 DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 5 
               
               
                 NM_177310 
                 E430012M05Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA E430012M05 gene 
               
               
                 XM_194337 
                 Egfl4 
                 EGF-like-domain, multiple 4 
               
               
                 NM_007915 
                 Ei24 
                 etoposide induced 2.4 mRNA 
               
               
                 NM_026030 
                 Eif2s2 
                 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2, subunit 2 (beta) 
               
               
                 NM_013507 
                 Eif4g2 
                 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4, gamma 2 
               
               
                 NM_007932 
                 Eng 
                 endoglin 
               
               
                 XM_125594 
                 Enpp3 
                 ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 3 
               
               
                 NM_019561 
                 Ensa 
                 endosulfine alpha 
               
               
                 NM_010139 
                 Epha2 
                 Eph receptor A2 
               
               
                 XM_125954 
                 Erbb3 
                 v-erb-b2 erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 3 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (avian) 
               
               
                 NM_026129 
                 Erp29 
                 endoplasmic reticulum protein 29 
               
               
                 NM_007968 
                 Ewsr1 
                 Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1 
               
               
                 NM_010180 
                 Fbln1 
                 fibulin 1 
               
               
                 NM_007996 
                 Fdx1 
                 ferredoxin 1 
               
               
                 NM_008004 
                 Fgf17 
                 fibroblast growth factor 17 
               
               
                 NM_010202 
                 Fgf4 
                 fibroblast growth factor 4 
               
               
                 NM_012056 
                 Fkbp9 
                 FK506 binding protein 9 
               
               
                 NM_010233 
                 Fn1 
                 fibronectin 1 
               
               
                 NM_008034 
                 Folr1 
                 folate receptor 1 (adult) 
               
               
                 NM_008047 
                 Fstl1 
                 follistatin-like 1 
               
               
                 NM_172308 
                 Fthfsdc1 
                 formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase domain containing 1 
               
               
                 NM_019439 
                 Gabbr1 
                 gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA-B) receptor, 1 
               
               
                 NM_183358 
                 Gadd45gip1 
                 growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, gamma interacting 
               
               
                   
                   
                 protein 1 
               
               
                 NM_172451 
                 Galnt6 
                 UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine:polypeptide N- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 6 
               
               
                 NM_144731 
                 Galnt7 
                 UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine: polypeptide N- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 7 
               
               
                 NM_008105 
                 Gcnt2 
                 glucosaminyl (N-acetyl) transferase 2, l-branching enzyme 
               
               
                 NM_138591 
                 Gfm 
                 G elongation factor 
               
               
                 NM_009752 
                 Glb1 
                 galactosidase, beta 1 
               
               
                 NM_009149 
                 Glg1 
                 golgi apparatus protein 1 
               
               
                 NM_008133 
                 Glud1 
                 glutamate dehydrogenase 1 
               
               
                 NM_027307 
                 Golph2 
                 golgi phosphoprotein 2 
               
               
                 NM_021610 
                 Gpa33 
                 glycoprotein A33 (transmembrane) 
               
               
                 NM_016739 
                 Gpiap1 
                 GPI-anchored membrane protein 1 
               
               
                 XM_355385 
                 Gpr48 
                 G protein-coupled receptor 48 
               
               
                 NM_145558 
                 Hadhb 
                 hydroxyacyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase/3-ketoacyl-Coenzyme 
               
               
                   
                   
                 A thiolase/enoyl-Coenzyme A hydratase (trifunctional protein), 
               
               
                   
                   
                 beta subunit 
               
               
                 NM_010422 
                 Hexb 
                 hexosaminidase B 
               
               
                 NM_013820 
                 Hk2 
                 hexokinase 2 
               
               
                 NM_015818 
                 Hs6st1 
                 heparan sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase 1 
               
               
                 NM_022310 
                 Hspa5 
                 heat shock 70 kD protein 5 (glucose-regulated protein) 
               
               
                 NM_004134 
                 HSPA9B 
                 heat shock 70 kDa protein 9B (mortalin-2) 
               
               
                 NM_010477 
                 Hspd1 
                 heat shock protein 1 (chaperonin) 
               
               
                 NM_008303 
                 Hspe1 
                 heat shock protein 1 (chaperonin 10) 
               
               
                 NM_029573 
                 Idh3a 
                 isocitrate dehydrogenase 3 (NAD+) alpha 
               
               
                 NM_130884 
                 Idh3b 
                 isocitrate dehydrogenase 3 (NAD+) beta 
               
               
                 NM_023065 
                 Ifi30 
                 interferon gamma inducible protein 30 
               
               
                 NM_030694 
                 Ifitm2 
                 interferon induced transmembrane protein 2 
               
               
                 NM_134437 
                 Il17rd 
                 interleukin 17 receptor D 
               
               
                 NM_181517 
                 Ipo7 
                 importin 7 
               
               
                 NM_013565 
                 Itga3 
                 integrin alpha 3 
               
               
                 NM_010577 
                 Itga5 
                 integrin alpha 5 (fibronectin receptor alpha) 
               
               
                 NM_008397 
                 Itga6 
                 integrin alpha 6 
               
               
                 NM_010580 
                 Itgb5 
                 integrin beta 5 
               
               
                 NM_013566 
                 Itgb7 
                 integrin beta 7 
               
               
                 NM_008408 
                 Itm1 
                 intergral membrane protein 1 
               
               
                 NM_000214 
                 JAG1 
                 jagged 1 (Alagille syndrome) 
               
               
                 NM_206924 
                 Jtb 
                 jumping translocation breakpoint 
               
               
                 NM_021542 
                 Kcnk5 
                 potassium channel, subfamily K, member 5 
               
               
                 XM_203796 
                 Lama5 
                 laminin, alpha 5 
               
               
                 NM_008482 
                 Lamb1-1 
                 laminin B1 subunit 1 
               
               
                 NM_010683 
                 Lamc1 
                 laminin, gamma 1 
               
               
                 NM_010686 
                 Laptm5 
                 lysosomal-associated protein transmembrane 5 
               
               
                 NM_026058 
                 Lass4 
                 longevity assurance homolog 4 ( S. cerevisiae ) 
               
               
                 NM_177099 
                 Lefty2 
                 Left-right determination factor 2 
               
               
                 NM_011175 
                 Lgmn 
                 legumain 
               
               
                 NM_013584 
                 Lifr 
                 leukemia inhibitory factor receptor 
               
               
                 NM_153404 
                 Liph 
                 lipase, member H 
               
               
                 NM_025828 
                 Lman2 
                 lectin, mannose-binding 2 
               
               
                 NM_172827 
                 Lnpep 
                 leucyl/cystinyl aminopeptidase 
               
               
                 XM_138959 
                 LOC239017 
                 similar to KIAA1290 protein 
               
               
                 XM_488805 
                 LOC433082 
                 hypothetical gene supported by AK086736 
               
               
                 XM_485007 
                 LOC433433 
                 similar to adenylate kinase 4 
               
               
                 XM_485484 
                 LOC433788 
                 similar to high mobility group protein B2 
               
               
                 XM_489209 
                 LOC434251 
                 similar to C-terminal binding protein 2 
               
               
                 XM_194114 
                 Lrig2 
                 leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains 2 
               
               
                 NM_177152 
                 Lrig3 
                 leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains 3 
               
               
                 NM_008512 
                 Lrp1 
                 low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 
               
               
                 NM_008513 
                 Lrp5 
                 low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 
               
               
                 NM_013587 
                 Lrpap1 
                 low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein associated 
               
               
                   
                   
                 protein 1 
               
               
                 NM_028233 
                 Lrpprc 
                 leucine-rich PPR-motif containing 
               
               
                 NM_020486 
                 Lu 
                 Lutheran blood group (Auberger b antigen included) 
               
               
                 NM_010749 
                 M6pr 
                 mannose-6-phosphate receptor, cation dependent 
               
               
                 NM_007358 
                 M96 
                 likely ortholog of mouse metal response element binding 
               
               
                   
                   
                 transcription factor 2 
               
               
                 NM_027288 
                 Manba 
                 mannosidase, beta A, lysosomal 
               
               
                 XM_130628 
                 Manbal 
                 mannosidase, beta A, lysosomal-like 
               
               
                 NM_178266 
                 Mbtps2 
                 membrane-bound transcription factor protease, site 2 
               
               
                 NM_008566 
                 Mcm5 
                 minichromosome maintenance deficient 5, cell division cycle 46 
               
               
                   
                   
                 ( S. cerevisiae ) 
               
               
                 NM_023947 
                 MGC3234 
                 hypothetical protein MGC3234 
               
               
                 NM_021607 
                 MGI: 1891700 
                 nicastrin 
               
               
                 NM_019951 
                 MGI: 1929464 
                 signal peptidase complex 
               
               
                 NM_008602 
                 Miz1 
                 Msx-interacting-zinc finger 
               
               
                 NM_029017 
                 Mrpl47 
                 mitochondrial ribosomal protein L47 
               
               
                 NM_008669 
                 Naga 
                 N-acetyl galactosaminidase, alpha 
               
               
                 NM_010886 
                 Ndufa4 
                 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex, 4 
               
               
                 NM_025316 
                 Ndufb5 
                 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex, 5 
               
               
                 NM_144870 
                 Ndufs8 
                 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe—S protein 8 
               
               
                 XM_486230 
                 Nedd4 
                 neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally down-regulted 
               
               
                   
                   
                 gene 4 
               
               
                 NM_010917 
                 Nid1 
                 nidogen 1 
               
               
                 NM_008695 
                 Nid2 
                 nidogen 2 
               
               
                 NM_019435 
                 Np15 
                 nuclear protein 15.6 
               
               
                 NM_018815 
                 Nup210 
                 nucleoporin 210 
               
               
                 NM_145706 
                 Nup43 
                 nucleoporin 43 
               
               
                 NM_010956 
                 Ogdh 
                 oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) 
               
               
                 NM_029565 
                 ORF18 
                 open reading frame 18 
               
               
                 NM_011030 
                 P4ha1 
                 procollagen-proline, 2-oxoglutarate 4-dioxygenase (proline 4- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 hydroxylase), alpha 1 polypeptide 
               
               
                 NM_025823 
                 Pcyox1 
                 prenylcysteine oxidase 1 
               
               
                 NM_008808 
                 Pdgfa 
                 platelet derived growth factor, alpha 
               
               
                 NM_008810 
                 Pdha1 
                 pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 alpha 1 
               
               
                 XM_111232 
                 Pfas 
                 phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase (FGAR 
               
               
                   
                   
                 amidotransferase) 
               
               
                 NM_025801 
                 Pgd 
                 phosphogluconate dehydrogenase 
               
               
                 NM_023196 
                 Pla2g12a 
                 phospholipase A2, group XIIA 
               
               
                 NM_019755 
                 Plp2 
                 proteolipid protein 2 
               
               
                 NM_011125 
                 Pltp 
                 phospholipid transfer protein 
               
               
                 NM_028199 
                 Plxdc1 
                 plexin domain containing 1 
               
               
                 NM_008881 
                 Plxna1 
                 plexin A1 
               
               
                 XM_484491 
                 Plxnb2 
                 plexin B2 
               
               
                 NM_173180 
                 Pmpca 
                 peptidase (mitochondrial processing) alpha 
               
               
                 NM_027869 
                 Pnpt1 
                 polyribonucleotide nucleotidyltransferase 1 
               
               
                 NM_011149 
                 Ppib 
                 peptidylprolyl isomerase B 
               
               
                 NM_145150 
                 Prc1 
                 protein regulator of cytokinesis 1 
               
               
                 NM_033573 
                 Prcc 
                 papillary renal cell carcinoma (translocation-associated) 
               
               
                 NM_016764 
                 Prdx4 
                 peroxiredoxin 4 
               
               
                 NM_011213 
                 Ptprf 
                 protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, F 
               
               
                 NM_008983 
                 Ptprk 
                 protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, K 
               
               
                 NM_145925 
                 Pttg1ip 
                 pituitary tumor-transforming 1 interacting protein 
               
               
                 NM_019869 
                 Rbm14 
                 RNA binding motif protein 14 
               
               
                 NM_133933 
                 Rpn1 
                 ribophorin I 
               
               
                 NM_009086 
                 Rpo1-2 
                 RNA polymerase 1-2 
               
               
                 NM_019743 
                 Rybp 
                 RING1 and YY1 binding protein 
               
               
                 NM_016741 
                 Scarb1 
                 scavenger receptor class B, member 1 
               
               
                 NM_007644 
                 Scarb2 
                 scavenger receptor class B, member 2 
               
               
                 NM_029023 
                 Scpep1 
                 serine carboxypeptidase 1 
               
               
                 NM_011521 
                 Sdc4 
                 syndecan 4 
               
               
                 NM_009145 
                 Sdfr1 
                 stromal cell derived factor receptor 1 
               
               
                 NM_025321 
                 Sdhc 
                 succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit C, integral 
               
               
                   
                   
                 membrane protein 
               
               
                 NM_013659 
                 Sema4b 
                 sema domain, immunoglobulin domain (Ig), transmembrane 
               
               
                   
                   
                 domain (TM) and short cytoplasmic domain, (semaphorin) 4B 
               
               
                 NM_013663 
                 Sfrs3 
                 splicing factor, arginine/serine-rich 3 (SRp20) 
               
               
                 NM_133221 
                 Slc24a6 
                 solute carrier family 24 (sodium/potassium/calcium exchanger), 
               
               
                   
                   
                 member 6 
               
               
                 NM_011400 
                 Slc2a1 
                 solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 1 
               
               
                 NM_011401 
                 Slc2a3 
                 solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 3 
               
               
                 NM_153062 
                 Slc37a1 
                 solute carrier family 37 (glycerol-3-phosphate transporter), 
               
               
                   
                   
                 member 1 
               
               
                 NM_028123 
                 Slc37a3 
                 solute carrier family 37 (glycerol-3-phosphate transporter), 
               
               
                   
                   
                 member 3 
               
               
                 NM_175121 
                 Slc38a2 
                 solute carrier family 38, member 2 
               
               
                 NM_144808 
                 Slc39a14 
                 solute carrier family 39 (zinc transporter), member 14 
               
               
                 NM_028064 
                 Slc39a4 
                 solute carrier family 39 (zinc transporter), member 4 
               
               
                 NM_148929 
                 Slc9a8 
                 solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 8 
               
               
                 XM_132597 
                 Smarcad1 
                 SWI/SNF-related, matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator 
               
               
                   
                   
                 of chromatin, subfamily a, containing DEAD/H box 1{grave over ( )} 
               
               
                 NM_133888 
                 Smpdl3b 
                 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase, acid-like 3B 
               
               
                 NM_029949 
                 Snapc3 
                 small nuclear RNA activating complex, polypeptide 3 
               
               
                 NM_011436 
                 Sorl1 
                 sortilin-related receptor, LDLR class A repeats-containing 
               
               
                 NM_013672 
                 Sp1 
                 trans-acting transcription factor 1 
               
               
                 NM_009242 
                 Sparc 
                 secreted acidic cysteine rich glycoprotein 
               
               
                 NM_145502 
                 Spfh1 
                 SPFH domain family, member 1 
               
               
                 NM_009263 
                 Spp1 
                 secreted phosphoprotein 1 
               
               
                 NM_025448 
                 Ssr2 
                 signal sequence receptor, beta 
               
               
                 NM_016737 
                 Stip1 
                 stress-induced phosphoprotein 1 
               
               
                 NM_172294 
                 Sulf1 
                 sulfatase 1 
               
               
                 NM_006372 
                 SYNCRIP 
                 synaptotagmin binding, cytoplasmic RNA interacting protein 
               
               
                 NM_134011 
                 Tbrg4 
                 transforming growth factor beta regulated gene 4 
               
               
                 NM_011562 
                 Tdgf1 
                 teratocarcinoma-derived growth factor 
               
               
                 NM_011638 
                 Tfrc 
                 transferrin receptor 
               
               
                 NM_146153 
                 Thrap3 
                 thyroid hormone receptor associated protein 3 
               
               
                 NM_009388 
                 Tkt 
                 transketolase 
               
               
                 NM_145928 
                 Tm4sf14 
                 transmembrane 4 superfamily member 14 
               
               
                 NM_080556 
                 Tm9sf2 
                 transmembrane 9 superfamily member 2 
               
               
                 NM_020275 
                 Tnfrsf10b 
                 tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 10b 
               
               
                 NM_013869 
                 Tnfrsf19 
                 tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 19 
               
               
                 NM_172609 
                 Tomm22 
                 translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 22 homolog 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (yeast) 
               
               
                 NM_011623 
                 Top2a 
                 topoisomerase (DNA) II alpha 
               
               
                 NM_023141 
                 Tor3a 
                 torsin family 3, member A 
               
               
                 NM_009429 
                 Tpt1 
                 tumor protein, translationally-controlled 1 
               
               
                 NM_172745 
                 Tufm 
                 Tu translation elongation factor, mitochondrial 
               
               
                 NM_030254 
                 Tusc3 
                 tumor suppressor candidate 3 
               
               
                 NM_145367 
                 Txndc5 
                 thioredoxin domain containing 5 
               
               
                 XM_126809 
                 Txndc7 
                 thioredoxin domain containing 7 
               
               
                 NM_019392 
                 Tyro3 
                 TYRO3 protein tyrosine kinase 3 
               
               
                 NM_019748 
                 Uble1a 
                 ubiquitin-like 1 (sentrin) activating enzyme E1A 
               
               
                 NM_198899 
                 Ugcgl1 
                 UDP-glucose ceramide glucosyltransferase-like 1 
               
               
                 NM_025407 
                 Uqcrc1 
                 ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase core protein 1 
               
               
                 NM_009462 
                 Usp10 
                 ubiquitin specific protease 10 
               
               
                 NM_175482 
                 Usp28 
                 ubiquitin specific protease 28 
               
               
                 NM_009505 
                 Vegfa 
                 vascular endothelial growth factor A 
               
               
                 NM_027121 
                 Vkorc1l1 
                 vitamin K epoxide reductase complex, subunit 1-like 1 
               
               
                 NM_019780 
                 Vps29 
                 vacuolar protein sorting 29 ( S. pombe ) 
               
               
                 NM_028866 
                 Wdr33 
                 WD repeat domain 33 
               
               
                 NM_011738 
                 Ywhah 
                 tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase 
               
               
                   
                   
                 activation protein, eta polypeptide 
               
               
                 NM_009556 
                 Zfp42 
                 zinc finger protein 42 
               
               
                 NM_018872 
                 D1Bwg0491e 
                 DNA segment, Chr 1, Brigham &amp;Women&#39;s Genetics 0491 
               
               
                   
                   
                 expressed [ Mus musculus ] 
               
               
                 XM_127445 
                 XM_127445 
                 PREDICTED:  Mus musculus  succinate dehydrogenase complex, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 subunit A, flavoprotein (Fp) (Sdha), mRNA. 
               
               
                 XM_358805 
                 XM_358805 
                 PREDICTED:  Mus musculus  integrin beta 5 (Itgb5), mRNA. 
               
               
                 XM_358820 
                 XM_358821 
                 PREDICTED:  Mus musculus  expressed sequence AI480653 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (AI480653), 
               
               
                 XM_485954 
                 XM_485955 
                 PREDICTED:  Mus musculus  similar to solute carrier family 28, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (sodium-coupled nucleoside transporter), member 1; 
               
               
                   
                   
                 concentrative nucleoside transporter 1 (LOC434203), mRNA. 
               
               
                 NM_020003 
                 0610031J06Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 0610031J06 gene 
               
               
                 NM_025334 
                 0610040B21Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 0610040B21 gene 
               
               
                 NM_026775 
                 1110014C03Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 1110014C03 gene 
               
               
                 NM_144525 
                 1110039B18Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 1110039B18 gene 
               
               
                 NM_025814 
                 1200009K13Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 1200009K13 gene 
               
               
                 NM_023625 
                 1300012G16Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 1300012G16 gene 
               
               
                 NM_026184 
                 1300013B24Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 1300013B24 gene 
               
               
                 NM_025464 
                 1810021J13Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 1810021J13 gene 
               
               
                 NM_025509 
                 231008M10Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 2310008M10 gene 
               
               
                 NM_197991 
                 2310044H10Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 2310044H10 gene 
               
               
                 NM_026211 
                 2400003B06Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 2400003B06 gene 
               
               
                 NM_028243 
                 2510048K03Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 2510048K03 gene 
               
               
                 NM_025952 
                 2610529C04Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 2610529C04 gene 
               
               
                 NM_026528 
                 2700060E02Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 2700060E02 gene 
               
               
                 NM_026511 
                 2810002N01Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 2810002N01 gene 
               
               
                 XM_283848 
                 2810407C02Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 2810407C02 gene 
               
               
                 NM_134009 
                 3100002P13Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 3100002P13 gene 
               
               
                 NM_026522 
                 3110023E09Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 3110023E09 gene 
               
               
                 XM_128959 
                 3930401E15Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 3930401E15 gene 
               
               
                 NM_175675 
                 4930471M23Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 4930471M23 gene 
               
               
                 NM_029720 
                 5730592L21Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 5730592L21 gene 
               
               
                 NM_024465 
                 6330583M11Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 6330583M11 gene 
               
               
                 NM_172501 
                 8030451K01Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 8030451K01 gene 
               
               
                 NM_172380 
                 9630046K23Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA 9630046K23 gene 
               
               
                 XM_356366 
                 A830080D01Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA A830080D01 gene 
               
               
                 NM_173734 
                 A93002SJ12Rik 
                 RIKEN cDNA A930025J12 gene 
               
               
                 NM_198884 
                 AB114826 
                 cDNA sequence AB114826 
               
               
                 AF005656 
                   
                 Gamma proteobacterium MS-1 16S ribosomal RNA gene, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 complete sequence. 
               
               
                 BC038652 
                 1810014B01Rik 
                   Mus musculus  RIKEN cDNA 1810014B01 gene, mRNA (cDNA 
               
               
                   
                   
                 clone IMAGE: 1529193), partial cds. 
               
               
                 BC047208 
                 1500015A07Rik 
                   Mus musculus  RIKEN cDNA 1500015A07 gene, mRNA (cDNA 
               
               
                   
                   
                 clone IMAGE: 6310866), partial cds. 
               
               
                 BC059024 
                 Glt28d1 
                   Mus musculus  cDNA clone IMAGE: 6810589, partial cds. 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0066]    Considering that these gene trap lines were isolated in less than a year, conditional gene trapping seems significantly more efficient than conditional gene targeting. However, analysis of the existing gene trap resources indicates that gene trapping is more efficient than gene targeting only up to about 50% of all mouse genes, after which the mutation rate falls to a level comparable to gene targeting (Skarnes, W. C. et al., Nat. Genet. 36, 543-4 (2004)). Moreover, effective gene trapping is restricted to the approximately 70% of the genes expressed in ES cells (Ramalho-Santos, M. et al., Science 298, 597-600 (2002); Ivanova, N. B. et al., Science 298, 601-4 (2002)). We believe that for a comprehensive mutagenesis of the mouse genome, a balance between gene trapping and gene targeting, performed with generic gene trap cassettes inserted into the targeting vectors, is likely to be the most efficient and cost-effective. 
         [0067]    The principal elements of a conditional gene trap cassette of embodiments (1) and (2) of the invention that selects for integrations into expressed genes are (i) a conditional gene disruption segment, containing a 3′ splice site (splice acceptor; SA) and a polyadenylation sequence (polyA) flanked by the RRSs of the two recombination systems, and (ii) a selection segment containing a reporter or selectable marker gene flanked by an upstream SA- and a downstream polyA-site. The selection segment is flanked by two RRSs in same orientation, which are recognized by a further recombinase and is in opposite orientation to the gene disruption cassette. Selection for gene expression with the gene trap cassette of embodiment (1) and (2) yields recombinants in which the reporter gene is fused to the regulatory elements of an endogenous gene. Transcripts generated by these fusions encode a truncated cellular protein which has lost its normal function. Since selection for a gene trap event relies on the expression of the selection cassette, which is by itself mutagenic, it needs to be inverted to the antisense, noncoding strand in embodiment (1) or removed to recreate gene function in embodiment (2). This is achieved in (1) by expressing the first recombinase in recombinants selected for gene trap integrations. In a favoured operational process the conditional gene trap is transduced into ES cells. After selecting for integrations into the introns of expressed genes, the first recombinase is transiently expressed in individual clones to invert the gene trap cassette to the antisense, non-coding strand and thus restore gene function. The resulting clones containing the gene disruption cassette on the antisense, non-coding strand are used to create transgenic mouse strains. Such mouse strains are crossed to mouse strains expressing the second recombinase to obtain doubly transgenic offspring where the gene disruption cassette is re-inverted to its original mutagenic (sense) orientation on the coding strand. Alternatively, the removal of the selection cassette of embodiment (2) is achieved by the first recombinase as follows: the gene trap cassette is transduced into ES cells. After selecting for integrations into the introns of expressed genes, the first recombinase is transiently expressed in individual clones to delete the selection cassette and thus restore gene function. The resulting clones containing only the gene disruption cassette on the antisense, non-coding strand are used to create transgenic mouse strains. Such strains are crossed to mouse strains expressing the second recombinase to obtain doubly transgenic offspring, where the gene disruption cassette is inverted to its mutagenic (sense) orientation on the coding strand. 
         [0068]    As a further preferred embodiment the invention provides a conditional gene trap vector that selects for integrations into genes regardless of their expression. In other words, selection for integrations into all genes, expressed and non-expressed, are possible. This is achieved by adding to the original gene disruption cassette a second cassette in which a selection gene is fused to an upstream constitutive promoter and to a downstream 5′ splice site (splice donor) (Zambrowicz et al., Nature, 392, 608 (1998)). Expression of this gene trap is dependent on the acquisition of an endogenous polyadenylation sequence, which occurs by splicing of the selection cassette to the downstream exons of the target gene. Since the process is driven by a constitutive promoter, selection for gene trap integrations is independent of the target gene expression. As with the other conditional gene trap, a favoured operational process is its transduction into ES cells and the generation of mutant mouse strains. 
         [0069]    The introduction of the gene trap cassette in the processes of embodiments (4) and (5) of the invention into a suitable cells can be effected by conventional methods including electroporation or retroviral infection. “Suitable cells” refers to appropriate starting cells, including cells pretreated for the introduction. 
         [0070]    In a preferred embodiment of the processes (4) and (5), the introduction of the gene trap cassette into the cell is done by homologous recombination. The gene trap cassette used in this embodiment is flanked by homology regions apt for homologous recombination, preferably by homology regions corresponding to a first intron of a target gene. This gene trap cassette modification is also a preferred aspect of embodiments (1) and (2). The cassette is introduced into the ES cell by homologous recombination. Thus, the cassette can be used to introduce conditional mutations into specific target genes. 
         [0071]    In a preferred embodiment of the process (5) of the invention said process further comprises one or more of the following steps
       (iv) inversion of the functional DNA segment into a neutral position on the non-coding, anti sense strand,   (v) deletion of the selection cassette from the trapped gene, and   (vi) induction of a mutation in the trapped gene by inversion of the functional DNA segment.       
 
         [0075]    In a further preferred embodiment, inversion of the functional DNA segment into a neutral position and the induction of a mutation in the trapped gene by inversion of the functional DNA segment according to steps (iv) and (iv) above is effected by using recombinases for one of said directional site-specific recombination systems of the gene trap cassette. The process (5) is suitable for temporally and/or spatially restricted inactivation of all genes that constitute a living organism and for preparing transgenic non-human mammals, especially transgenic mice. In such process, the gene trap cassette as defined above is introduced into an ES cell. ES-cell derived chimeras may be established by routine measures well known in the art, e. by injecting C57BI/6 blastocysts, breeding the resulting male chimeras to C57BI/6 females, and testing agouti offspring for transgene transmission by tail blotting. 
         [0076]    The above process possesses the following advantages over current technology:
   (i) mutations are inducible in prespecified cells and tissues and during prespecified time intervals;   (ii) mutations can be induced either randomly by gene trapping or directed by gene targeting;   (iii) mutations can be induced in all genes, including those for which cloned sequences are not available;   (iv) the functional analysis of the mutant genes in appropriate organisms is relatively fast and cheap.   
 
         [0081]    The present invention is further illustrated by the following Examples which are, however, not to be construed as to limit the invention. 
       EXAMPLES 
     Materials and Methods 
       [0082]    Plasmids: pFlipROSAβgeo (SEQ ID NO:1) was assembled in pBabeSrf, a modified pBabepuro retroviral vector lacking the promoter and enhancer elements from the 3′LTR (Gebauer, M. et al., Genome Res 11, 1871-7 (2001)). Pairs of the heterotypic frt/F3 and lox511/loxP recombinase target sequences (RTs) were cloned in the illustrated orientation ( FIG. 1A ) into the unique BamHI and EcoRI sites of pBabeSrf yielding the intermediate plasmid pBLF. RTs were obtained by synthetic oligonucleotide annealing and extension overlap PCR. To enable efficient recombination, 86 bp and 46 bp spacers were inserted between frt/F3 and loxP/lox511 sites, respectively. To obtain pFlipRosaβgeo, a SAβgeopA cassette derived from the gene trap vector ROSAβgeo (Friedrich, G. &amp; Soriano, P. Genes Dev. 5, 1513, (1991)) was inserted into the SnaBI site of pBLF between the inversely oriented RT pairs. The final pFlipRosaβgeo vector was verified by sequencing. The pFlipRosaCeo (SEQ ID NO:3) vector was obtained from pFlipRosaβgeo by replacing the SAβgeo cassette with the Ceo fusion gene derived from pU3Ceo. The final pFlipRosaCeo plasmid was verified by sequencing. Oligonucleotide and primer sequences used in the various cloning steps are available upon request. 
         [0083]    The pCAGGS-FLPe expression plasmid was a gift from A. Francis Stewart (Rodriguez, C. I. et al., Nat Genet. 25, 139, (2000)). The pCAGGS-Cre expression plasmid was derived from and pCAGGS-FLPe by replacing the FLPe cDNA with the Cre cDNA of pSG5Cre (Feil, R. et al., Biochem Biophys Res Commun 237, 752 (1997)). 
         [0084]    The expression plasmids prFlipRosabgeo and prFlipRosaCeo (SEQ ID Nos:2 and 4, respectively) are based on the plasmids pFlipROSAβgeo and pFlipRosaCeo, respectively, wherein the lox511 sites have been replaced by lox5171 sites. In the following Examples plasmids with lox511 sites are utilized. 
         [0085]    ES-cell cultures, infections and electroporations: The [C57BL/6J×129S6/SvEvTac] F1 ES cell lines were grown on irradiated or Mitomycin C treated MEF feeder layers in the presence of 1000 U/ml of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) (Esgro®, Chemicon Intl., Hofheim, Germany) as previously described (Hansen, J. et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100, 9918 (2003)). 
         [0086]    Gene trap retrovirus was produced in Phoenix-Eco helper cells by using the transient transfection strategy described previously (Nolan, G. P. &amp; Shatzman, A. R. Curr Opin Biotechnol 9, 447 (1998)). ES cells were infected with the virus containing supernatants at an M.O.I.&lt;0.5 as previously described (Hansen, J. et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100, 9918 (2003)). Gene trap expressing ES-cell lines were selected in 130 μg/ml G418 (Invitrogen), manually picked, expanded, and stored frozen in liquid nitrogen. 
         [0087]    Electroporations were carried out using 1×10 7  ES cells, 10 μg of plasmid DNA and a 400 μF capacitator (BioRad, Hercules, USA) as previously described (Floss, T. &amp; Wurst, W., Methods Mol Biol 185, 347 (2002)). After incubating for 2 days in medium supplemented with 0.6 μg/ml puromycin (Sigma-Aldrich, Munich, Germany), the cells were trypsinized and seeded at low density (1000 cells/dish) onto 60 mm Petri dishes. Emerging clones were manually picked after 9 days and expanded. The resulting cell lines were used for X-Gal stainings and molecular analyses. 
         [0088]    Nucleic acids and protein analyses: PCRs were performed according to standard protocols using 300-500 ng of genomic DNA or 1 μg of reverse transcribed total RNA in a total volume of 50 μl. The primer sequences used are available upon request. 
         [0089]    For Northern blotting, polyA +  RNA was purified from total RNA using the Oligotex mRNA-mini-kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) according to the manufacturer&#39;s instructions. The mRNA (1-2 μg) was fractionated on 1% formaldehyde-agarose gels, blotted onto Hybond N +  (Amersham, Freiburg, Germany) nylon membranes, and hybridized to  32 P-labeled cDNA probes (Hartmann Analytic, Braunschweig, Germany) in ULTRAhyb hybridization solution (Ambion, Austin, Tex., USA) according to manufacturer&#39;s instructions. The Glt28d1-cDNA probe was obtained by asymmetric RT-PCR (Buess, M. et al., Nucleic Acids Res 25, 2233 (1997)). using an anti-sense primer complementary to exon 10 of the Glt28d1 gene. 
         [0090]    Semiautomated 5′RACE and sequencing was performed as previously described (Hansen, J. et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100, 9918 (2003)). The sequences of the generic and vector-specific primers used are available upon request. 
         [0091]    Western blots were performed as previously described (Sterner-Kock, A. et al., Genes Dev 16, 2264-, (2002)), using anti-RbAp46, (Abcam, Cambridge, UK) and lamin A (Santa Cruz, Heidelberg, Germany) primary antibodies. 
         [0092]    GTST analysis: GTSTs were analyzed as previously described (Hansen, J., et al.,  Proc Natl Acad Sci USA  100, 9918, (2003) using the following databases: GenBank (rel. 144), UniGene (build 141), RefSeq (rel. 8) (all at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov), ENSEMBL v26.33 (http://www.ensembl.org), MGI (http://www.informatics.jax.org/) and GeneOntology (December 2004 release) (http://www.geneontology.org). 
       Example 1 
     Vector Design 
       [0093]    Two gene trap vectors were designed for large scale conditional mutagenesis in ES cells. The first vector FlipRosaβgeo contains a classic splice acceptor (SA)-β-galactosidase/neomycintransferase fusion gene (βgeo)-polyadenylation sequence (pA) cassette inserted into the backbone of a promoter- and enhancerless Moloney murine leukemia virus in inverse transcriptional orientation relative to the virus ( FIG. 1A ) (Friedrich, G. &amp; Soriano, P. (1991) Genes Dev. 5, 1513-1523). The second vector FlipRosaCeo is similar to FlipRosaβgeo except that SAβgeo has been exchanged with Ceo, which is an in frame fusion between the human CD2 cell surface receptor- and the neomycin resistance genes (Gebauer, M. et al., Genome Res 11, 1871-7 (2001)). Unlike βgeo, Ceo does not require an extra splice acceptor site for trapping as it contains a powerful cryptic 5′ splice site close to its 5′ end. Moreover, Ceo encodes a type II transmembrane domain, which favors the capture of signal sequence and/or transmembrane encoding genes, i.e. secretory pathway genes ( FIG. 1A ) (Gebauer, M. et al., Genome Res 11, 1871-7 (2001)). Previous studies involving the isolation of 3,620 ES cell lines with the retroviral gene trap vector -U3Ceo- indicated that Ceo captures secretory pathway genes with over 80% efficiency (GGTC resource/www.genetrap.de). This is in contrast to the classic βgeo vectors, of which only 19% insert into such genes (GGTC-resource, www.genetrap.de). Thus, classic and the secretory pathway gene trap vectors are complementary and therefore, we equipped both with a conditional mechanism. The mechanism relies on two site-specific recombination systems (FLPe/frt; Cre/loxP), which enable gene trap cassette inversions from the sense, coding strand of a trapped gene to the anti-sense, non-coding strand and back. As a result, the gene trap vectors allow (i) high throughput selection of gene trap lines using G418, (ii) inactivation of gene trap mutations prior to ES cell line conversion into mice by blastocyst injection, and (iii) reactivation of the mutations at prespecified times and in selected tissues of the resulting mice. 
         [0094]    A modified version of a recently published site-specific recombination strategy termed FIEx (flip-excision) (Schnutgen, F. et al., Nat Biotechnol 21, 562-5 (2003)) was applied. FIEx uses pairs of inversely oriented heterotypic recombinase target sequences (RTs) such as loxP and lox511 or frt and F3. When inserted upstream and downstream of a gene trap cassette, Cre or FLPe recombinases invert the cassette and place a homotypic RT pair near to each other in a direct orientation. Recombination between this pair of directly repeated RTs excises one of the other heterotypic RTs, thereby locking the recombination product against re-inversion to the original orientation. Thus, by flanking the gene trap cassettes of FlipRosaβgeo and FlipRosaCeo with pairs of heterotypic 10× and frt sites ( FIG. 1A ), a successive delivery of FLPe and Cre to a trapped ES cell line will induce two directional inversions, thereby first repairing and then re-inducing the gene trap mutation as exemplified for the SAβgeopA gene trap cassette in  FIG. 1B . 
       Example 2 
     Gene Trap Cassette Inversions in ES Cells 
       [0095]    To test for recombinase-mediated inversions, several FlipRosaβgeo-trapped ES cell lines were selected for high levels of βgeo expression using X-Gal staining. X-Gal positive (blue) cell lines were then transiently transfected with FLPe or Cre expression plasmids and emerging subclones were stained with X-Gal. As shown in  FIG. 2 , exposure of the gene trap lines to either FLPe ( FIG. 2A ) or Cre ( FIG. 2B ) yielded a mixture of X-Gal positive (blue) and X-Gal negative (white) subclones, indicating that several cell lines have ceased to express βgeo. To test whether this was caused by recombination, we isolated DNA from both the blue and the white sub-lines, and subjected it to an allele-specific PCR.  FIGS. 2  (A and B) shows that, in each case, the amplification products obtained from the blue and white clones corresponded to a normal and to an inverted gene trap allele, respectively. Taken together, the results indicate that both FLPe and Cre can disrupt the gene trap expression by simply flipping it to the anti-sense, non-coding strand. 
         [0096]    To test whether the FLPe or Cre inverted cell lines would re-invert following a second recombinase exposure, we re-expressed FLPe and Cre in each of the cell lines and checked their progeny for re-inversions by the allele specific PCR.  FIG. 2C  shows that FLPe readily re-inverted the Cre inverted sub-line FS4B6 C14 (lane 6) but not the FLPe inverted sub-line FS4B6 F14 (lane 9) and conversely, Cre readily re-inverted the FLPe inverted sub-line FS4B6 F14 (lane 8) but not the Cre inverted sub-line FS4B6 C14 (lane 5). Taken together, the results indicate that gene trap re-inversions are inducible only by the recombinase that was not involved in the original inversion, suggesting that the recombination products obtained with either recombinase are stable. Inversions induced by Cre and FLPe in FlipRosaCeo trapped ES cell lines were similarly stable and efficient (see below). In this context, it is noteworthy that under certain circumstances relating to excessive exposure to Cre enzyme either by long periods of exposure in culture or during development or by very high levels of Cre expression some background recombination between heterotypic loxP/lox511 sites can occur (Kolb, A. F. Anal Biochem 290, 260-71 (2001); Lauth, M. et al., Genesis 27, 153-8 (2000)). However, in gene trap lines stably transduced with a Cre expression vector, we were unable to detect recombination between loxP and lox511 sites even after several weeks in culture (data not shown), suggesting that background recombination does significantly affect conditional gene trapping. 
       Example 3 
     Reversibility of Gene Trap Mutations 
       [0097]    To test whether the mutations induced by the conditional gene trap vectors are reversible, we selected the Q017B06 and M117B08 gene trap lines for further analysis. In Q017B06, the FlipRosaβgeo gene trap vector disrupted the retinoblastoma binding protein 7 (RBBP7) gene at the level of the first intron. In M117B08, the FlipRosaCeo gene trap vector disrupted the glycosyltransferase 28 domain containing 1 gene (Glt28d1) in the 10th intron. Both genes are located on the X-chromosome of a male derived ES cell line, which provided a haploid background for the mutational analysis. As shown in  FIGS. 3 and 4 , (panels B and C), the RBBP7 ( FIG. 3 ) and Glt28d1 ( FIG. 4 ) genes were both expressed in the wild-type cells as expected. However, expression was either blocked (RBBP7,  FIG. 3 ) or severely repressed (Glt28d1,  FIG. 4 ) by the gene trap insertions. Both trapped cell lines instead expressed fusion transcripts as a result of splicing the upstream exons to the gene trap cassettes ( FIG. 3 , panel B,  FIG. 4  panels B, C). 
         [0098]    A critical issue that could be addressed with these trapped ES cell lines was whether endogenous gene expression would resume after Cre or FLPe induced inversions. Towards this end, we expressed Cre or FLPe in the Q017B06 and M117B08 cell lines, isolated several sub-lines, and genotyped them by allele-specific PCR (FIG.  3 , 4  panels A). Inverted sub-lines were then analyzed for RBBP7, Glt28d1 and gene trap cassette expression using RT-PCR in combination with Northern- and Western blotting.  FIGS. 3 and 4  (panels B and C) show that in both cell lines the endogenous gene expression was restored to wild type levels and the fusion transcripts disappeared, indicating that the anti-sense gene trap insertions do not interfere with gene expression. Finally, to test whether relocating the gene traps back to their original position on the sense, coding strand would re-induce the mutation, we exposed inverted subclones to FLPe or Cre.  FIGS. 3 and 4  show that the re-inverted sub-lines lost the endogenous gene expression, and re-expressed the fusion transcripts, like the original trapped lines. Taken together, the results suggest that the FlipRosaβgeo and FlipRosaCeo induced mutations can be repaired and re-induced by the successive activation of the two recombination systems. 
       Example 4 
     Large Scale Conditional Mutagenesis in ES Cells 
       [0099]    We isolated 4,525 ES cell lines with conditional gene trap insertions and recovered 4,138 gene trap sequence tags by 5′RACE. Of these, 3,257 were derived from FlipRosaβgeo and 881 from FlipRosaCeo integrations. Ninety percent of the FlipRosaβgeo and 99% of the FlipRosaCeo GTSTs belonged to RefSeq annotated genes (Table 1). The number of annotated genes was nearly double that found in our previous analysis (Hansen, J. et al., PNAS 100, 9918 (2003)), reflecting the swift progress in genome annotation. The overall efficiency of trapping was similar to that observed in previous studies, as was the number of preferred insertions sites (i.e., hot spots) (Table 1). Insertions occurred in all chromosomes, including one on the Y chromosome and their number correlated with the number of genes per chromosome (data not shown). Collectively, these observations indicate that the heterotypic 10× and frt sites built into the gene trap vectors do not affect the efficiency of trapping. Regardless of the vector, the vast majority of gene trap insertions occurred into first and second introns, confirming the reported preference of retroviral integrations near the 5′ ends of genes ( FIG. 5 ) (Bushman, F. D., Cell 115, 135 (2003)). As expected, the major difference between the vectors was their ability to capture signal sequence genes. While over 80% of the FlipRosaCeo insertions were in genes encoding secreted or transmembrane proteins, only 21% of FlipRosaβgeo insertions captured secretory pathway genes according to GeneOntology. Thus, like the non-conditional vectors, the two types of conditional gene trap vectors complement each other in gene trapping. 
       Example 5 
     Production of Conditional “Ready” Knock Out Mice 
       [0100]    This example describes the use of trapped ES cell lines for making mutant mice. ES-cell derived chimeras were generated by injecting C57BI/6 blastocysts with ES cells harboring conditional mutations in the following genes (Table 2): translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 9 homolog (clone ID: P015F03; acc.# NM — 013896), frizzled homolog 7 (clone ID: P016E04; acc# BC049781), strawberry notch homolog 1 (clone ID: P023A01; acc# XM — 355637), nucleoporin 214 (clone ID: P023F01; acc# XM — 358340), Parkinson disease 7 (clone ID: Q001D04; acc# NM — 020569 and YME1-like 1 (clone ID: Q016D06; acc# NM — 013771). Male chimeras were obtained with each clone and were bred to C57BI/6 females. Litters were analyzed for germline transmission using the agouti coat color marker and Southern blotting of tail DNA. So far, the clones P015F03 and P016F03 transmitted the mutation to the F1 generation. F1 mice were crossed to a FLPe recombinase expressing strain to neutralize the mutation by inverting the FlipRosabgeo GDSC onto the antisense, non-coding strand. The F2 offspring of these mice are conditional “ready” and can be used to induce tissue specific mutations at prespecified times. This is accomplished by crossing the F2 mice to mice expressing an inducible Cre recombinase under the control of a tissue specific promoter.