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31,686,743 | Murray Norton Broadcaster, charity fund raiser, restaurant owner and well known personality in Jersey, Channel Islands
Born 25th June 1959 in Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England.
A pupil at Apley Park Boarding School from 1970- 1974
Served an engineering apprenticeship with <
Murray moved to Jersey since 1979 to work as the show compere at Behan's West Park in Jersey for three summer seasons. He was the resident DJ in the leading nights clubs of Jersey during the 1980's including Madisons and Raffles
He joined the BBC in 1984, leaving in 2006 after presenting for 22 years. After a brief spell with commercial station Channel 103, he re-joined the BBC five years after leaving in April 2011.
Away from the BBC, he is a regular presenter for live online TV programmes for many commercial brands such as Lapgroig whisky in Scotland and Maker's Mark Bourbon in Kentucky for studiotalk.tv from locations around the world.
He has had many magazine articles published, mostly featuring holiday destinations around the world
He is also known for his fund raising expertise within the island. Raising huge sums with a Radio Auction every December for over 25 year, known as the Jersey Christmas Appeal, to help families less fortunate at the seasonal time of year. Murray's title is 'auction co-ordinator' where he gets local businesses to donate items and services and then produces an on air auction to eight hours inviting listeners to call in and bid. He has raised money for other charities, including cycling around Jersey ten times in five days for the Murray's 10 Charity Challenge, with money going to 10 local Jersey charities. is patron of his charity. Murray also cycled in two different teams coast to coast across Mexico raising money for Jersey Hospice. The combined total raised was in excess of £360,000.
He often appears at public events in Jersey as a host or compere, the biggest which is the where he was the commentator for more than twenty years.
In 2003 He opened Murray's, a highly successful casual cafe and restaurant in . rate this as the number one restaurant in St Aubin according to reviews from the general public.
== References ==
== External links ==
www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p00frr3s
www.youtube.com/watch?v=Coi6OSpXfd0
http://www.thisisjersey.com/2010/10/06/murray-takes-the-long-way-round-on-charity-challenge/
http://www.labaguette.org.je/Nov10.php?p=2191195
http://www.channelonline.tv/channelonline_jerseynews/DisplayArticle.asp?commentstatus=abuse&id=491229&commentid=44221
http://www.thisisjersey.com/2009/12/05/christmas-charity-auction-lots/
www.thisisjersey.com/.../battle-people-murray-norton-and-peter-morris/
www.tripadvisor.com/Restaurants-g551610-St_Aubin_Jersey_Channel_ Islands.html
http://live.laphroaig.tv/show/a_taste_of_scotland_with_a_flavour_of_spain
Articles created via the Article Wizard | 427,617,692 | 2011-05-05T18:07:35 | Newlyfan/Murray Norton | 2,011 |
22,363,914 | == April 2009 ==
Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Chico and the Man, did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted by ClueBot. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. If you believe there has been a mistake and would like to report a false positive, please report it here and then remove this warning from your talk page. If your edit was not vandalism, please feel free to make your edit again after reporting it. The following is the log entry regarding this warning: Chico and the Man was changed by 64.246.147.73 (u) (t) making a minor change with obscenities on 2009-04-10T23:31:48+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot (talk) | 283,075,678 | 2009-04-10T23:31:51 | 64.246.147.73 | 2,011 |
29,046,607 | Russia and Soviet Union military ship templates | 461,315,680 | 2011-11-18T19:07:19 | Evstafi class battleship | 2,011 |
5,399,369 | ==Image Tagging for KOE 064.jpg==
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==Belated welcome==
As I see no one has extended you an official welcome yet:
Welcome!
Hello, , and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are some pages that you might find helpful:
The five pillars of Wikipedia
How to edit a page
Help pages
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How to write a great article
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I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Questions, ask me on my talk page, or place {{helpme}} on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Cheers and Happy Carnival, -- Infrogmation | 65,203,987 | 2006-07-22T13:17:01 | Koecaptain | 2,011 |
33,805,845 | Otto Sydow (1 February 1896 – 24 June 1970) was a highly decorated Generalmajor in the Luftwaffe during World War II. He was also a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership. Otto Sydow was captured by Soviet troops in May 1945 and was held until October 1955.
==Awards and decorations==
Wound Badge (1914)
Iron Cross (1914)
Cross of Honor
Sudetenland Medal with "Prague Castle Bar"
Iron Cross (1939)
Anti-Aircraft Flak Battle Badge (12 December 1941)
Eastern Front Medal
German Cross in Gold (24 September 1942)
Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross
==References==
Citations
Bibliography
Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer (2000). Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939-1945. Friedburg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. ISBN 3-7909-0284-5.
Scherzer, Veit (2007). Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Miltaer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-938845-17-2.
==External links==
World War 2 Awards.com
Otto Sydow @ Axis Biographical Research
1896 births
1970 deaths
Luftwaffe generals
German military personnel of World War I
German military personnel of World War II
Recipients of the Iron Cross
Recipients of the German Cross
Recipients of the Knight's Cross
German prisoners of war
World War II prisoners of war held by the Soviet Union | 461,795,059 | 2011-11-21T17:27:03 | Otto Sydow | 2,011 |
31,686,744 | == May 2011 ==
Welcome to Wikipedia. Everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, but at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Business studies, did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted (undone) by ClueBot NG.
Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Note that human editors do monitor recent changes to Wikipedia articles, and administrators have the ability to block users from editing if they repeatedly engage in vandalism.
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The following is the log entry regarding this warning: Business studies was changed by 82.26.109.230 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.938956 on 2011-05-05T18:07:47+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk) | 427,617,734 | 2011-05-05T18:07:50 | 82.26.109.230 | 2,011 |
219,626 | Artificial meat may refer to:
Meat analogue products aka imitation meat, such as textured vegetable protein (TVP)
In vitro meat | 306,689,244 | 2009-08-07T22:46:22 | Artificial meat | 2,011 |
384,219 | == Age of Earth ==
Are you quite certain Ri'neref called the entire Age D'ni? I seem to recall a reference only the caverns were named such, and in the Book of D'ni aren't they talking about the Age of Earth? Certainly after Anna/Ti'ana visited D'ni the D'ni would have become aware of the surface.
Fairly certain. I don't recall any reference to "the Age of Earth" in any Myst franchise products. As far as I know, that phrase is a fan creation. I'm almost positive it's explicitly said that Ri'Neref wrote the "Book of D'ni," NOT the "Book of Earth." Earth is the planet, but D'ni is the Age.
If I confirm this in any of the novels I'll post back.
SFT
Thanks.
== Ahyoheek ==
I radically shortened your note on Ahyoheek from Rock, Paper, Scissors, but the info is not lost: it’s now incorporated into D'ni items.
==U.S. Southern Wikipedians' notice board==
Hey! I've created this new notice board specifically for articles related to people from the U.S. South. If you are interested in contributing, leave a message on the page and add articles you feel need to be reviewed, contributed to, or started. Mike H 20:49, Sep 29, 2004 (UTC)
== Quick note ==
"Fiery" is the correct spelling, "Firey" is a common error. Andre (talk) 17:57, Oct 24, 2004 (UTC)
..... You know what, I think I knew that. It's been so many years since I thought about this pet peeve that I forgot which was the cliché mistake and which was correct.
Sorry 'bout that. ;)
SFT 18:02, 2004 Oct 24 (UTC)
==ASU==
Well, ASU isnt a big name school obviously, and at times I wish I had gone to some place else. My experience with the students there wasnt a very memorable one.
But nowadays I feel that I actually liked ASU, and I'm happy with the experience. The very few Physics professors there were very well educated and superb guides for me. I doubt I wouldve gotten so much personal faculty attention anywhere else. The swimming pool was always empty (which meant more swimming territory for me), costs were affordable, the library was very helpful in providing me what I wanted, the gym was never crowded, and I kinda liked hangin out at the WigWam.
Yeah, I think ASU is under-rated. I hated UCDavis (a top ranked public school) so much, that I quit their grad program. They were definitely overrated. The little lessons of life.
If I were rich, I'd give back to ASU. It was worth it.
PS: The new mascot looks really silly. They have to come up with something better, I hope.
== Church of Christ ==
Hmm, I think you removed a bit too much content. I've reverted your edit for now.
== Your username ==
I love your username. It's the penultimate if I may say so. ;-) ... Kenosis
== Your edit to Trombone ==
Actually stave (singular) is perfectly usual usage in British English (although I see the article is actually at staff (music), but stave is given equal prominence in the article), but since another paragraph was already using staff, I decided I wouldn't start a revert war :) David Underdown
Long A (just as in the plural) David Underdown
== Gender Justice movement (Church of Christ) ==
The Gender Justice movement (Church of Christ) article that you helped create and/or build is in need of serious work. I'm not familiar with any secondary sources that address this, nor are any cited on the article as it now stands. I would not, therefore, be surprised to see it deleted soon. Just thought I'd give you the heads up. Josh a brewer
==Typeface specimens==
Hi 75th Trombone (is this a Music man reference)? Thanks, I lay them out in QuarkXPress, save as an EPS, open in Adobe Illustrator, and save type as outlines and then resave as a PNG or SVG. Though SVG is preferable in display, for some reason it does not always display on wiki. If you use XPress let me know and I can send you a document to cannabalize. Or, if you want to creat in another application I can give you RGB color values for the background, etc. once I am at work. You can likely drag a sample onto your desktop and bring it in to anohter application to build in another application. I'll gather some info together on proportion and size, and pass it along. Best, Jim CApitol3
== British English ==
I was not trying to 'suppress all mention of the "Sorcerer's Stone" name in the HP:PS article'; that was a discussion about whether it is appropriate to mention the American title on every HP page that mentions HP1. In the end, consensus, i.e. not just I, decided that the name 'Sorcerer's Stone' should be limited to the HP1 article. Please don't criticise, unless you understand the full argument.
With regards to the Ginny Weasley comment, unless you are an idiot, which I doubt, you can tell that it was a joke.
Also, I don't appreciate your tone; I have no 'contempt' of American English, I just find it tiresome when people - with an obvious 'contempt' of British English - decide it should be omnipresent throughout Wikipedia.
I politely suggest you lessen your sarcasm and review the enitre situation, rather than the part that allows you the moral highground, before you start an argument over nothing. asyndeton
For posterity: I deserved this, and I posted an apology. SFT | Talk
No worries here my friend. I know the feeling and I was a bit harsh myself. 'Forgive and forget' and all that. Happy editing! asyndeton
== Re: Sig ==
No worries. Look at my user page, I basically stole Slim Virgin's page. What you did looks good, so that's all that really matters. BIGNOLE (Contact me)
You could, but that would only work against you...considering that you've announced it on my page for everyone to see
=="Samuel Hazo" entry==
I would just like to comment on your edit to the page on Samuel Hazo. I know for a fact that he directed the Intercollegiate Band at the Arkansas All-State Music Conference because I was there. I was a participant in the concert band and jazz band, and I attended the Intercollegiate Band's performance on February 16, 2007. If you need proof of this, respond back on my page (Peytonio). Thank you for your time.
Alright, I understand why it had to be removed. Thank you for notifying me as to the reasons why it was removed.
== Join WikiProject Arkansas! ==
==Invitation to join WikiProject United States==
--Kumioko (talk) | 405,748,465 | 2011-01-03T20:41:55 | 75th Trombone | 2,011 |
157,853 | Stretton may refer to:
==Places==
===England===
Stretton means "settlement on a Roman Road" (from the Old English stræt and tun). Of the seventeen places in England, all but two are situated on a Roman Road, the exceptions being Stretton Westwood and Stretton en le Field.
====Cheshire====
Stretton, Cheshire West and Chester
Stretton, Warrington
====Derbyshire====
Stretton, Derbyshire
====Herefordshire====
Stretton Grandison
Stretton Sugwas
====Leicestershire====
Stretton en le Field
Little Stretton, Leicestershire
====Rutland====
Stretton, Rutland
====Shropshire====
Stretton Westwood
Church Stretton
Stoney Stretton
====Staffordshire====
Stretton, East Staffordshire
Stretton, South Staffordshire
====Warwickshire====
Stretton Baskerville
Stretton-on-Dunsmore
Stretton-on-Fosse
Stretton-under-Fosse
===Australia===
====Queensland====
The place in Australia is named after George Stretton, a 19th century Englishman.
Stretton, Queensland
==People==
===Surname===
Alan Stretton
Amanda Stretton
Andrea Stretton
Antony Stretton
Gordon Stretton
Hesba Stretton (pen name of Sarah Smith)
Hugh Stretton
Philip Eustace Stretton
Robert de Stretton
Ronald Stretton
Ross Stretton
Samuel Stretton
Sempronius Stretton
Severus William Lynam Stretton
William Stretton
===Other name===
Stretton Reeve
==Other==
11626 Church Stretton (an asteroid)
==See also==
Stratton
Stretton
Stretton
Stretton
Stretton | 455,381,127 | 2011-10-13T15:11:28 | Stretton | 2,011 |
5,399,373 | State of Change is an original novel written by Christopher Bulis and based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who. The novel features the Sixth Doctor and Peri, although the dimensional instability of the realm they are currently visiting causes the Doctor to briefly regress through his first five incarnations; the Sixth Doctor also spends a great deal of time allowing the personality of the Third Doctor to take control of his body when he is forced to fight.
The Doctor and Peri discover that Rome has advanced far beyond its natural means, Cleopatra is using biplanes and airships as she wages war with her own brother. Meanwhile, Peri begins to revert to a form she thought she was rid of, and The Rani reemerges.
==External links==
The Cloister Library - State of Change
===Reviews===
Virgin Missing Adventures
Sixth Doctor novels
1994 novels
Novels by Christopher Bulis
The Rani stories | 348,166,268 | 2010-03-06T20:45:33 | State of Change | 2,011 |
22,363,918 | Hi!
Could you give me any references about the Bete fruit?
Thanks.
--Againme (talk) | 283,075,768 | 2009-04-10T23:32:22 | 161.31.226.95 | 2,011 |
31,686,745 | == May 2011 ==
Welcome to Wikipedia. Everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, but at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Sam Butcher, did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted (undone) by ClueBot NG.
Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Note that human editors do monitor recent changes to Wikipedia articles, and administrators have the ability to block users from editing if they repeatedly engage in vandalism.
ClueBot NG produces very few false positives, but it does happen. If you believe the change you made should not have been detected as unconstructive, please read about it, , remove this warning from your talk page, and then make the edit again.
The following is the log entry regarding this warning: Sam Butcher was changed by 4.28.88.210 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.865721 on 2011-05-05T18:07:48+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk)
Please do not add commentary or your own personal analysis to Wikipedia articles, as you did to Precious Moments, Inc.. Doing so violates Wikipedia's neutral point of view policy and breaches the formal tone expected in an encyclopedia. Thank you. Meph. | 427,622,855 | 2011-05-05T18:41:53 | 4.28.88.210 | 2,011 |
533,285 | Copp's Hill is an elevation in the historic North End of Boston, Massachusetts. It is bordered by Hull Street, Charter Street and Snow Hill Street. The hill takes its name from William Copp, a shoemaker who once owned the land. Copp's Hill Burying Ground is a stop on the Freedom Trail.
==Early history==
Like all of the Shawmut Peninsula, the hill was Algonquian territory before the establishment of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. The first English settlers to the hill arrived in the 1630s and built a windmill atop the hill to grind grain.
==Copp's Hill Burying Ground==
Founded by the town of Boston in 1659, Copp's Hill Burying Ground is the second oldest burying ground in the city. The cemetery's boundaries were extended several times, and the grounds contain the remains of many notable Bostonians in the thousands of graves and 272 tombs.
Among the Bostonians buried here are the original owner, William Copp's, children, also Increase Mather, Cotton Mather, Robert Newman (the patriot who placed the signal lanterns in the steeple of Old North Church for Paul Revere's midnight ride to Lexington and Concord), Prince Hall (the father of Black Freemasonry) and many unmarked graves of the African Americans who lived in the "New Guinea" community at the foot of the hill. The cemetery was not an official stop on the Freedom Trail when it was created in 1951, but it has since been added and is much-frequented by tourists and photographers.
==Revolutionary War==
During the Revolutionary War, the British used the hill to train artillery onto Charlestown. For several years starting in 1806, soil was taken from the top of Copp's Hill to increase the available building land by filling the Mill Pond. This removal reduced the height of the hill by about 7 feet (about 2 meters).
==Skinny House==
Across the street from the Copp's Hill Burying Ground is an extremely narrow four-story spite house built shortly after the Civil War. Only wide at its widest point, the house is reported by the Boston Globe as having the "uncontested distinction of being the narrowest house in Boston."
==The vista==
Copp's Hill is the highest point in the North End and is the third highest hill in Boston after Beacon Hill and Fort Hill. As such, Copp's Hill provides a view of numerous local landmarks. The Old North Church stands at one end of Hull Street. In the opposite direction, the Leonard P. Zakim Bunker Hill Memorial Bridge and the TD Banknorth Garden are visible not far away. Over local rooftops the upper levels of Custom House Tower, One International Place, and other buildings in the Financial District can be glimpsed. Beyond the other side of the hill, across the Charles River in Charlestown, the USS Constitution and the USS Cassin Young may be seen docked at Boston Navy Yard with the Bunker Hill Monument in the distance.
==Gallery==
Image:Increase Mather grave.jpg|The Mather family tomb in Copp's Hill Burying Ground
Image:SkinnyHouseBoston2.jpg|The Skinny House on Hull Street
Image:CoppsHillLandmarks2.jpg|The Skinny House with Copp's Hill Burying Ground in the foreground
Image:CoppsHillLandmarks.jpg|From left to right can be seen the Skinny House, the Leonard P. Zakim Bunker Hill Memorial Bridge, and the Copp's Hill Burying Ground.
Image:CoppsHillLandmarks3.jpg|The Copp's Burying Ground in the foreground with the Custom House Tower and One International Place glimpsed in the background.
Image:Copp's Hill Terrace Boston.jpg|Copp's Hill Terrace
==References==
Freedom Trail
North End, Boston | 429,791,725 | 2011-05-18T22:18:46 | Copp's Hill | 2,011 |
5,399,376 | 415,851,308 | 2011-02-25T11:55:05 | State of Change | 2,011 |
|
22,363,920 | Opatów
Opatow | 389,059,799 | 2010-10-06T08:34:46 | People from Opatów County | 2,011 |
31,686,746 | == May 2011 ==
Welcome to Wikipedia. Everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, but at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Deryck Whibley, did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted (undone) by ClueBot NG.
Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Note that human editors do monitor recent changes to Wikipedia articles, and administrators have the ability to block users from editing if they repeatedly engage in vandalism.
ClueBot NG produces very few false positives, but it does happen. If you believe the change you made should not have been detected as unconstructive, please read about it, , remove this warning from your talk page, and then make the edit again.
The following is the log entry regarding this warning: Deryck Whibley was changed by 70.112.212.69 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.972924 on 2011-05-05T18:07:46+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk) | 427,617,740 | 2011-05-05T18:07:51 | 70.112.212.69 | 2,011 |
5,399,377 | ==Fair use rationale for Image:Crystalbucephalus.jpg==
Crystalbucephalus.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.
Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.
If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.
BetacommandBot | 415,851,315 | 2011-02-25T11:55:10 | The Crystal Bucephalus | 2,011 |
29,046,614 | == Comedies and Dramas ==
This is minor, but I'm bothered by the revert and I would like to seek a consensus on this. It is my opinion that while nominally sitcoms, Family Ties and The Wonder Years were more half-hour dramas. I find it odd that they are listed under Comedy while the other half-hour dramatic sitcom Doogie Hauser M.D. is listed under Drama. I believe that they should be listed under Drama as well. Further, I want to know in what world the Adam West Batman series is considered a Drama outside of the minds of 8 year olds? I believe it should be moved to Comedy. I've already done this once, but it was reverted by AdamDeanHall without explanation. If everybody agrees that it should be as it is now, I'll drop the matter, but otherwise, I believe my previous edits should stand. - Diesel Phantom (talk)
== Are You Smarter Than a 5th Grader? leaving The Hub ==
I checked the TV schedule on my AT&T U-verse website and there is no way the show Are You Smarter Than a 5th Grader? is leaving The Hub. I really think you should discuss this first before adding this report with a reliable source. AdamDeanHall (talk)
Justice League Unlimited coming to the HUB?
Well I checked the page for Justice League Unlimited.It said it's coming to the HUB, I don't exactly think it will fit in (Although I loved it as a kid)because
they have hints about adult themed jokes like when Hawkgirl said to Flash "I heard she's ......Brazillan,". — Preceding unsigned comment added by Wikigal120 (talk • contribs) | 468,213,424 | 2011-12-29T04:45:49 | List of programs broadcast by Hub Network | 2,011 |
11,337,448 | Vardaan is 1975 Hindi movie. The film stars Vinod Mehra, Reena Roy and Mehmood.
==Awards==
Filmfare Best Comedian Award for Mehmood
== External links ==
1975 films
Indian films
Hindi-language films | 398,469,630 | 2010-11-23T17:26:15 | Vardaan | 2,011 |
31,686,749 | ==Copyrighted==
Hi! I've recently joined wikipedia to edit article on charities and ran across this article. After reading through a bit of it, it was obvious that the text was written as a newsletter or company website. I checked and it looks like a lot of the text comes from this newsletter published in 2002 meaning that it didn't come from Wikipedia. Is this a problem and what do you do when you find a copyright problem? | 429,025,238 | 2011-05-14T03:31:19 | Home-Start Worldwide | 2,011 |
33,805,846 | Patient management software (PMS) is referred to as software that is regulated as a medical device. It is software that is used to acquire medical information from a medical device to be used in the treatment or diagnosis of a patient. It can also be software that is an adjunct to a medical device and directly contributes to the treatment of the patient by performing analysis, or providing treatment or diagnosis functionality that replaces the decision and judgment of a physician.
==Clinical Applications==
Medical devices are classified and these classifications became somewhat less restrictive in December, 2010. Regulations provide rules for classifying medical devices into four increasing risk levels – Class I, Class II, Class III, and Class IV. Patient management software is classified as either Class I or Class II. Software that is
intended to be used to view images, or other real time data, as an adjunct to the monitoring device itself, for the purpose of aiding in treatment or diagnosis of a patient, would be Class I medical devices. Medical device software that is an adjunct to another medical device and is involved in data manipulation, data analysis, data editing, image generation, determination of measurements, identification of a region of interest in an image, or identification (by an alarm or alert) of results from a monitor that are outside of an established range, is a Class II medical device if it: (1) provides the only means and opportunity to capture or acquire data from a medical device for aiding directly in diagnosis or treatment of a patient; or (2) replaces a diagnostic or treatment decision made by a physician.
Examples of patient management software are PACS, remote patient monitoring. Others include any medical device that is used to transmit data from a medical device or analyze data from a medical device such as blood pressure monitors and glucose monitors.
==Controversies==
Many in the health care industry have raised concerns over the quality and software development process of PMS. The development of PMS is often criticized as too focused on simply the software development process and not the product. Much of these concerns are rooted in safety issues
Computerized physician order entry, an example of PMS, highlights some of these safety concerns.
Other criticisms are aimed at the regulations in place. Some critics argue that regulations stifle innovation and that vendors will no longer have any incentive to create new products. Also, existing and future products will have to adhere to strict licensing procedures and this may affect the sustainability of these products.
Another concern is that the rules are disproportionately strict in comparison to the actual risk associated with a wide variety of eHealth systems
and this may prevent companies from initiating the development of new products.
==Canada==
Regulation of patient management software applies to anyone importing, distributing or selling the software. Health Canada is responsible for regulating the sale, advertising and distribution of patient management software in Canada. Regulated software is classified based on risk increasing from Class I to Class II.
The type of license required depends on the classification of the software. An establishment license is required from a vendor or manufacturer of Class I PMS and a medical device license is required from a vendor or manufacturer of Class II PMS. ISO 13485 certification is required of manufacturers of Class II medical devices.
===History===
In August, 2009, Health Canada which is responsible for regulating the advertising, manufacturing and sale of medical devices in Canada issued a notice confirming that patient management software is a medical device and is subject to the Medical Devices Regulations and the Food and Drugs Act. The development of the regulation of patient management software as a medical device began three years earlier when a company called MedManager created a patient portal technology that was deemed a Class II medical device and subject to regulation by Health Canada. Developments had taken place thereafter, to indicate that medical device classification include patient management software. A notice was officially released by Health Canada in August, 2009 indicating that patient management software was indeed a medical device.
Therefore, organizations that import, sell or otherwise distribute Class I patient management software must have an establishment license and Class II patient management software must have a medical device licence. In order to obtain a medical device licence, manufacturers must hold a quality management system (QMS) certificate issued by an accredited registrar showing that the QMS is compliant with ISO 13485: 2003 Medical devices – Quality management systems – requirements for regulatory purposes. Organizations are also required to perform certain post-market responsibilities such as maintaining distribution and complaint handling records, mandatory problem reporting and recalls.
In December, 2010, a notice was released by Health Canada further clarifying the definition, classification and licensing requirements of software regulated as a medical device. For example, software used to transmit data from a medical device, or software that analyzes data from a medical device and makes diagnostic or treatment decisions normally made by a physician, would be considered software regulated as a medical device. A product that only stores and displays patient information is not a medical device. Examples of software that are not medical devices are middleware, EHR’s including those that are custom built for use only within the organization, applications that perform administrative calculations and manipulations (such as determining time between appointments, or workflow management), the Wii Fit video game, personal BMI calculators and pedometer software used for fitness. The regulations apply to software that is distributed with or without compensation.
==Licensing==
===ISO 13485===
ISO 13485 is an international quality standard that focuses on process as opposed to product. The purpose of quality standards is to ensure that products being developed follow a known set of requirements within the organization to ensure safety and quality. The ISO 13485 standard is a derivative of the ISO 9001 standard. It specifies requirements for a quality management system where an organization needs to demonstrate its ability to provide medical devices and related services that consistently meet customer requirements and regulatory requirements applicable to those devices and services. Besides an emphasis on meeting regulatory and customer requirements, ISO 13485 focuses on risk management and maintaining effective process on the safe design, manufacture and distribution of medical devices.
It is expected that organizations and manufacturers that are ISO 13485 compliant should experience a reduction in the number of failures with their products. Some of the requirements of ISO 13485 obligate organizations to (a) maintain a set of key documents; (b) assign defined management responsibilities; (c) maintain a focus on quality, throughout the development of human and infrastructure resources, and; (d) utilize relevant communication processes, such as customer complaint procedures and advisory notices.
==Notes==
Health
Healthcare
Health standards
Medical informatics
Medical technology
Medical Devices regulations | 467,378,315 | 2011-12-23T18:58:07 | Patient management software | 2,011 |
829,959 | Division No. 6 is a census division in Alberta, Canada. Surrounding the City of Calgary, the majority of the division comprises Alberta's Calgary Region, while the northern portion of the division is located within central Alberta. The division also forms the southern segment of the Calgary–Edmonton Corridor. Division No. 6 is the largest census division in Alberta according to population and also has the highest population density.
== Census subdivisions ==
The following census subdivisions (municipalities or municipal equivalents) are located within Alberta's Division No. 6.
Cities
Towns
Villages
Municipal districts
Indian reserves
== Demographics ==
In 2006, Division No. 6 had a population of 1,160,936 living in 465,473 [a 13.7% increase from 2001. The census division has a land area of and a | 447,610,468 | 2011-08-31T05:52:24 | Division No. 6, Alberta | 2,011 |
43,830 | __NOTOC__
Year 178 (CLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Scipio and Rufus (or, less frequently, year 931 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 178 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
== Events ==
=== By place ===
==== Roman Empire ====
Bruttia Crispina marries Commodus and receive the title of Augusta.
Emperor Marcus Aurelius and his son Commodus arrive at Carnuntum in Pannonia, and travel to the Danube to fight against the Marcomanni.
==== Asia ====
Last (7th) year of Xiping era and start of Guanghe era of the Chinese Han Dynasty.
In India, the decline of the Kushan Empire begins. The Sassanides take over Central Asia.
==== Religion ====
The Montanist heresy is condemned for the first time.
== Births ==
Marcus Clodius Pupienus Maximus, later Roman Emperor (approximate date)
Lu Meng, general of Wu (d. 219)
Pang Tong, adviser of Liu Bei (d. 214)
Wen Pin, officer of Liu Biao (later defected to Cao Cao)
Zhang Cheng, general of Wu (d. 244)
== Deaths ==
S. Caecilia, martyr in Rome
Empress Song
== References ==
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178
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178年 | 455,727,687 | 2011-10-15T18:52:16 | 178 | 2,011 |
31,686,750 | == May 2011 ==
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=== May 2007 ===
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== November 2008 ==
Welcome to Wikipedia. The recent edit you made to Chemical property has been reverted, as it appears to be unconstructive. Use the sandbox for testing; if you believe the edit was constructive, please ensure that you provide an informative edit summary. You may also wish to read the introduction to editing. Thank you. J.delanoygabsadds | 254,007,931 | 2008-11-25T14:11:03 | 151.199.194.224 | 2,011 |
31,686,751 | == May 2011 ==
Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Spirituality, did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and read the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. Thank you. Chester Markel (talk)
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29,046,617 | W.M. "Joe" Atwell was a construction investor and builder who was the co-owner of the Montreal Alouettes from 1965–1967 and sole owner from 1967-1969.
Originally from Hamilton, Ontario, Atwell constructed and sold upscale homes in Highland Beach, Florida and Boca Raton, Florida. In 1965, he purchased 50% of Ted Workman's shares in the Alouettes and became the team's chairman. On November 13, 1967, Atwell became the sole owner of the Alouettes. Under Atwell's sole ownership, the Alouetes never won more than 3 games in a season and missed the playoffs each year. On December 9, 1969 it was announced that Ottawa attorney Sam Berger had purchased the club from Atwell for upwards of $1.2 million.
Atwell died of heart failure on December 13, 1988 at his home in Boca Raton.
==Reference==
1988 deaths
People from Hamilton, Ontario
People from Fort Lauderdale, Florida
People from Boca Raton, Florida | 443,541,519 | 2011-08-07T18:05:54 | Joe Atwell | 2,011 |
33,805,847 | my name is india. my favorite color is blue and green. | 461,519,867 | 2011-11-20T01:35:22 | Indiawuzhere | 2,011 |
13,060,501 | The shifting balance theory of evolution is a view of evolution advocated by Sewall Wright that each of the four evolutionary forces is important to adaptive evolution. The shifting balance theory emphasizes the roles of population subdivision and genetic drift in adaptive evolution.
==Brief History==
Although Sewall Wright was one of the founders of the modern evolutionary synthesis, and appreciated the power of natural selection to shape species, he had reservations about Fisher's assertion that evolutionary forces other than natural selection were of little importance to adaptive evolution.
In his early writings Wright failed to appreciate the frequency at which beneficial mutations arose (not to be confused with adaptive mutation) ...
...contended that novel mutations were too infrequent and that their fixation was too slow to account for the speed of adaptive change (Wright 1931). Instead, he saw a substantial fraction of adaptations as arising by the combination of rare alleles that are deleterious by themselves, but adaptive together. Consequently, he characterized evolution as a search among these “widely separated harmonious combinations” (Wright 1932) for the best combination of alleles.
Since Wright formulated his theory it has become clear that...
...with a minimal role for mutation, is incorrect. Wright initially underestimated the contribution of novel mutation to evolution, likely owing to an influence from August Weismann (?).
Empirical studies link adaptive changes in phenotypes with novel alleles arising in the recent past. For instance, pesticide resistance in Drosophila (Petrov ?). By contrast, empirical support for the importance of recombination and drift acting in concert to bring about adaptations remains weak, and because of this, the SBT has been criticized on empirical and theoretical grounds.
==The Adaptive Landscape==
Shortly after Wright introduced his inchoate shifting balance theory of evolution, he introduced the graphical metaphor of the adaptive landscape to help explain his theory. The adaptive landscape is a three dimensional visualization of the evolutionary process where a two dimensional surface represents all possible sequences of DNA and the third dimension represents fitness. Adjacent locations on the two dimensional surface are meant to represent similar sequences of DNA; because it is not possible to construct a graph where ... this visualization is simply metaphorical.
Hill climbing
Hill climbing
Adaptive peak
The adaptive peak is simply a fitness maximum, or high point on the fitness axis,
Adaptive Valley
the adaptive valleys are the low fitness areas between these peaks,
Adaptive Ridge
Alternatively, an adaptive ridge is a series of high fitness genotypes that connect two widely separated points in genotypic space.
Weakness of the Metaphor
Even though we get much of our terminology from this metaphor, the metaphor has limited utility because it lacks a formal mapping between genotypes and location on the surface. Therefore recombination, mutation and migration or population subdivision do not have distinct representations in the metaphor except in the simplest case of the two allele two locus model (Dobzhansky 1937, Elderedg 1982).
==The Theory==
===Phases===
The SBT can broadly be broken into three phases:
Phase 1: Local differentiation and fitness loss: Genetic drift, disruptive selection, or gene flow create phenotypic differences between sub-populations. The equilibrium between forces may prevent populations from occupying local fitness peaks.
Phase 2: Fitness recovery: Fluctuation between the strength of all four evolutionary forces allow one or a few of these sub-populations to climb new peaks which had not previously been occupied by any substantial number of individuals.
Phase 3: Spread: Finally, these new high fitness deems then send out emigrants and the high fitness peak spreads throughout the population.
===Differentiation and Fitness loss===
===Gene flow===
Mutation is a major cause of sub-population differentiation; however, mutation has been excluded as a cause of phase one because population structure does not affect the mutational process itself. In other words, mutations arise only as a function of census population numbers. The extent that population structure affects the frequency of new mutations is dependent on drift or preexisting sub-population differentiation established by drift, selection or migration.
In order for the SBT to be meaningfully different from traditional Fisharian mass selection a number of three critical criteria must be met. There must be non-additive genetic effects, a subdivided population, and gene flow.
The most fundamental of these requirements is the requirement of non-additive genetic effects. These can arise either from under-dominance or by epistatic effects on fitness. It is important to note that wright's theory depends on genetic epistasis, not epistatic variance per se (Whitlock 1995). Much as selection minimizes additive genetic variance by removing deleterious alleles from a population, selection will also minimize epistatic variance, though less efficiently. Within any given population, very little phenotypic variance might result from genetic epistasis.
A subdivided population structure is then necessary for a number of reasons. For the SBT to work, there must be some epistatic variance, however, it need not be within a single population. The epistatic variance could be masked by alternative fixation of alleles between sub-populations. Additionally, the population structure is necessary for the SBT because recombination continually removes the effect of selection on non-additive variance. It is possible for the rate of selective increase of a haplotype to exceed the rate that recombination breaks that halplotype apart, but a sub-divided population makes this transition more likely (). It is important that the sub-populations have some level of gene flow, otherwise it is clear that a reduced population size will reduce the amount of variation genetic variation.
==Influence of the Theory==
G. G. Simpson based quantum evolution on Wright's Shifting balance theory and Gould and Eldredge's punctuated equilibrium was also inspired by this theory.
==Historic Debate==
===Fisher's Views===
===Wright's Views===
Wright believed that stabilizing selection could prevent the continued evolution of a species because selection would cause species to become entrapped in local fitness maxima which were substantially lower than the global maximum. As a result he believe that all four evolutionary forces were fundamentally necessary to ensure escape from these local maximum and movement to higher maxima.
"Conditions are held to be most favorable for a continuing process where there are certain states of dynamic equilibrium at many loci. This situation is found to the greatest degree in a population in which there is sufficient isolation of many local centers of population growth and emigration to provide the conditions for continual trial and error. The 'errors' are the relatively indeterminate elements in the situation: novel mutations and the effects of accidents of sampling, and of variations in the local conditions of selection and migration at the level of the local population."
However, he repeatedly denied that any one force was more responsible than any other evolutionary force for creating adaptation. The foundation of Wright's theory is the assertion that a subdivided population has greater phenotypic variability than a panmictic population, and that the phenotypic variable structured population will undergo more rapid adaptive evolution than the panmictic population. Despite Wright's protests, This definition does not involve any particular mechanism to explain the increased rate of adaptation, the specific mechanism by which moves population off of local maxima and onto new maxima; however, this does not make the theory infinity flexible and unfalsifiable.
Wright's SBT is closely associated with the metaphor of the adaptive landscape. Although Wright verbalizes his shifting balance theory (Wright 1931) before he introduces this metaphor (Wright 1932), arguably the metaphor has had the greater impact on evolutionary thought.
Wright's discusses these views in
==Modern Debate==
Consensus has not been reached on the importance of the Shifting Balance Process.
===Empirical Studies===
Perhaps the most formidable criticism of the Shifting Balance Theory is that it has little empirical support. It is important to make the distinction between empirical support for the existence of the factors which are required for the Shifting Balance Theory to operate and empirical support that the Shifting Balance Process is in fact important in nature. Non-additive genetic effects and population subdivision are necessary for Wright's Shifting Balance Theory, but demonstrating their existence is insufficient to establish the general importance of the Shifting Balance Theory.
====Molecular Genetics====
Evidence of epistasis may not be apparent from intrapopulation comparisons of segregating variation, because alleles are co-evolved and much negative epistasis can be removed by selection.
====Quantitative Genetics====
However, inter-population comparisons commonly demonstrate F1 heterosis and F2 hybrid brake down. Heterosis is almost certainly due to under-dominance at many of the loci in the F1 generation. It is interesting to note that heterosis is commonly observed in plants, where there has been few loci have been characterized as being under balancing selection. The F2 generation has similar levels of heterozygousity as the F1 generation, so the commonly observed depression of fitness relative to the substantially more homozygous P generation supports the idea that gene complexes are common co-evolved or co-adapted, and that recombination can break these complexes up, leading to a depression in fitness. Although there are some excellent examples where the interaction of factors that create epistasis for fitness is well understood, such as the interaction of cryptic coloration and anti-predator behavior in snakes (Brodie 1992), typically the nature of the epistasis leading to F2 hybrid breakdown is unknown. It is possible that Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibility cause this breakdown, so F2 hybrid break down is not sufficient evidence that a fitness valley has been crossed.
A final piece of evidence is relevant to the of epistasis: Out-breeding depression seems to involve few loci, implying that moving between alternative peaks can be accomplished with a small number of adaptations (Edmans et al. 2005). The SBT need not operate at every locus to be evolutionarily important. Once a peak shift has occurred at a single locus due to the SBT, a cascade of fixations may occur by fisherian mass-selection. Clearly a single allelic substation can initiate these cascades, as in that case of the pollinator shift between Mimulus lewisii and M. cardinalis (Bradshaw and Schemske 2003).
====Ecology====
====Comparitive Genomics====
====Empirical Tests====
===Theory===
====Complex adaptation====
If it can be shown that populations do in fact experience short periods of low fitness and lowered populations before novel adaptations arise, this would be important evidence supporting the shifting balance theory.
There are two routes to fix a complex adaptation which has deleterious intermediates: sequential fixation vs. stochastic tunneling. In the case of sequential fixation, a population most first fix an allele which is deleterious; however, a population may also fix an adaptive mutation without the deleterious intermediate ever rising above selection-mutation equilibrium by a process called stochastic tunneling (Lynch and Abegg 2010). This occurs because very large populations may maintain a large absolute number of deleterious alleles despite their small relative frequency.
In general sequential fixation proceeds faster in small populations, where drift is strongest, and stochastic tunneling proceeds faster in large populations. The rate of sequential fixation is not as strongly influenced by the complexity of a mutation as the rate of stochastic tunneling, and as a result if an adaptation is sufficiently complex, populations may be forced to transverse fitness valleys. (Lynch and Abegg 2010, Weismann et al. 2010). Stochastic tunneling is fundamentally different from Fisharian mass-selection, and may reflect patterns more typical of the SBT. For instance, it is unclear how population subdivision affects the time to establishment of complex mutations. If population subdivision generally increase the mean mutation load of a large population, then it will likely increase the rate of stochastic tunnelling, and this result would be very similar to predictions of Wright's shifting balance theory.
Furthermore, studies of correlated evolution in protein residues provide compelling evidence that complex adaptations are ubiquitous throughout the genome (Callahan et al. 2011, Ridout, Dixon and Filatov 2010 ). These two studies both found that amino acid substitution tended to cluster in proteins and within lineages. In particular, Callahan et al. convincingly argue that greater than 7% of protein substitutions compensate for local disruptions to protein charge. Much of the pattern found in these studies can be explained by proteins shifting between equally stable states by drift.
Wright's verbal theory is joined with a geometric metaphor. This metaphor is appealing because it allows us to visualize the action of evolution as a hill climbing phenomenon, which is easily understood (Coyne, B and T 1997). The pedagogical utility of the metaphor may have led to a wider awareness of the shifting balance theory that it described than would have occurred otherwise. Additionally there is an element of historical contingency: the shifting balance theory was proposed by an influential author and discussed by other influential authors during the formation of the modern synthesis (Elderage 1987). Wright's theory postulates a role for each of the evolutionary forces in producing adaptation, which makes Fisharian mass-selection seem like a special case of the more general shifting balance theory. The complex mathematics involved, appealing pedagogical metaphor, central place in during the formation of the modern synthesis and the difficulty of empirically evaluating the theory all help ensure the protracted interest in this theory.
==See also==
Evolution
Population Genetics
Historic Figures
Sewall Wright
Ronald Fisher
G. G. Simpson
Modern Figures
Niles Eldredge
Stephen Jay Gould
Related Concepts
Fitness landscape
Population structure
Deme
Epistasis
Complex Adaptation
The Four Evolutionary Forces
Gene flow
Mutation
Migration
Natural Selection
Related Theories
Modern evolutionary synthesis
Punctuated Equilibrium
Quantum evolution
==References==
Bradshaw, H. D., and Schemske, D. W. 2003 Allele substition at a flower colour locus produces a pollinator shift in monkeyflowers. Nature 426:176-178.
Callahan, B., Neger, R., Bachtog, D., Andolfatto, P., and Sharaiman, B. Correlated evolution of nearby residues in Drosophilid proteins. PloS genetics 7(2):e1001315.
Coyne, J. A., Barton, N. H., and Turelli, M. 2000 Is Wright's shifting balance process important in evolution? Evolution 54(1):306-317.
Coyne, J. A., Barton, N. H., and Turelli, M. 1997 A critique of Sewall Wright's shifting balance theory of evolution. Evolution 51(3):643-671.
Dobzhansky, T. 1937 Genetics and the Origin of Species. Reprint ed., 1982. Columbia University Press, New York.
Edmands, S., Feaman, H. V., Harrison, J. S., and Timmerman, C. C. 2005 Genetic consequences of many generations of hybridization between divergent copepod populations. Journal of heredity 96(2):114-123.
Eldredge, N. 1989 Macroevolutionary dynamics. McGraw-Hill, New York.
Lynch M., and Abegg A., 2010 Rate of establishment of complex adaptations. Molecular biology and evolution 27(6):1404-1414.
Ridout, K. E., Dixon, C. J., and Filatov, D. A. 2010 Positive selection differs between protein seconday structure elements in Drosophila. Genome biology evolution. 2:166-179.
Weissman, D. B., Feldman, M. W., Fisher, D. S. 2010 The rate of fitness-valley crossing in sexual populations. Genetics 186:1389-1410.
Whitlock, M., Phillips, P., Moore, F. B., and Tonsor, J. 1995 Multiple fitness peaks and epistasis. Annual review of ecology and systematics 26:601-629.
Wright, S. 1932 The roles of mutation, inbreeding, crossbreeding and selection in evolution. Proceedings of the 6th international congress of genetics. 356-366.
Wright, S. 1931 Evolution in Mendelian populations. Genetics 16:97-159
Wright, S. W. 1948 On the roles of directed and random changes in gene frequency in the genetics of populations. Evolution 2(4):279-294.
==External links==
Evolutionary biology
Değişken denge kuramı | 460,758,284 | 2011-11-15T10:39:25 | Shifting balance theory | 2,011 |
33,805,848 | == Summary ==
album cover of Si Zentner album Put Your Head on My Shoulder (album). Photograph taken by myself of record in my collection. | 461,549,967 | 2011-11-20T05:48:56 | SiZentnerPutYourHeadOnMyShoulder.jpg | 2,011 |
31,686,752 | == May 2011 ==
Welcome to Wikipedia. Please be aware of Wikipedia's policy that biographical information about living persons must not include unsupported or inaccurate statements. Whenever you add possibly controversial statements about a living person to an article or any other Wikipedia page, you must include proper sources. If you don't know how to cite a source, you may want to read Referencing for beginners for guidelines. Thank you. The Blade of the Northern Lights (話して下さい) | 427,617,836 | 2011-05-05T18:08:27 | Timberfalldown | 2,011 |
33,805,849 | 461,533,572 | 2011-11-20T03:20:56 | Otto Sydow | 2,011 |
|
22,363,921 | Dick Tooth born 1929 is an Australian former rugby union footballer of the 1950s. He represented for the Wallabies in ten Test matches and nineteen total appearances and was Australian captain on two occasions. He resided at St Andrew's College while studying at Sydney University. His club rugby was played with the Sydney University Football Club and later with Randwick in the Shute Shield. He practised as an orthopaedic surgeon and was a sports medicine pioneer.As an international rugby union player who captained the Wallabies, Tooth had more than an academic interest in knee damage. Torn ligaments had put an end to the careers of many sports champions.}}
==Early life and education==
Richard Murray Tooth was born in Bombala and his family relocated to Newcastle when he was seven years of age. He attended Newcastle Boys' High School and represented the school in rugby league, swimming (member of the 1943 Farlow Cup winning team) and athletics (member of the 1943 winning teams, CHS Juvenile Shield, Kerr and Lintott Cups). An all-round schoolboy athlete, he swam in the summer with the Cooks Hill Surf Life Saving Club.
While studying science at the University of Sydney and domiciled at St Andrew's College, Tooth played inter-collegiate rugby and grade rugby for the University. In 1949 he switched to medicine and at the same time cemented a spot in Sydney's University's 2nd grade side. From there was selected in an Australian Universities XV who met a New Zealand Universities side for a three match series in 1949.
==Representative career==
In 1950 he was a regular first grader at University, was coached by former Wallaby Joe Kraefft and played against a visiting British Isles side. In 1951 he was selected for New South Wales and made his debut for Australia with three Test appearances against the All Blacks at five-eighth marking the experienced All Black fly-half Laurie Haig.
He focussed on his studies for the next couple of years but in 1954 was back in the national side in a series of games against the visiting Fijians playing in one Test at fullback and another at centre. In 1955 he was selected in the Wallaby touring party to New Zealand captained by his University colleague John Solomon. He appeared in twelve of the thirteen tour games at either fullback or fly-half and had a sound tour.
In 1957 he captained the Wallabies on two occasion when the All Blacks toured Australia. It was a surprise when at the end of that season and as the current Australian captain, he was not selected in the 27 man Wallaby side to tour Britain, Ireland and France. Howell reports that his omission defied explanation given his positional versatility but Tooth took it in his stride and travelled himself to the United Kingdom at that time to continue his medical studies. While there he captained the Rosslyn Park club side in England, played for Middlesex and while a resident at a Belfast Hospital was selected in the invitational side the North of Ireland Wolfhounds.
==Orthopaedic Surgeon==
Tooth helped pioneer arthroscopic surgery in Australia. In 1971, he performed the first full knee reconstruction in Australia; his patient was Johnny Warren, captain of the Socceroos who went on to captain them to the 1974 World Cup.
==Family Life==
In 1956 he married Marianne, the elder daughter of the Consul-General for Sweden, Ivar Stenstrom. Their daughter, Liane Tooth, is a double Olympic gold medallist.
His nephew Tim Walsh was a first grade rugby player with Leeds Carnegie and made a number of representative appearances for Australia at Rugby Sevens.
==References==
==Sources==
Howell, Max (2005) Born to Lead - Wallaby Test Captains, Celebrity Books, Auckland NZ
1929 births
Living people
Australian rugby union players
Australia international rugby union players
Australian rugby union captains
People from Bombala, New South Wales
People from Newcastle, New South Wales
People educated at Newcastle Boys' High School | 462,476,422 | 2011-11-25T23:05:54 | Dick Tooth | 2,011 |
29,046,618 | == October 2010 ==
This is the only warning you will receive regarding your disruptive edits. If you vandalize Wikipedia again, as you did to Hydraulic brake, you may be blocked from editing without further notice. LeadSongDog come howl! | 388,564,208 | 2010-10-03T23:30:54 | 64.222.205.98 | 2,011 |
24,099 | Pope Clement II (died October 1047), was Pope from 25 December 1046 until his death. He was the first in a series of reform-minded popes from Germany.
Born in Hornburg, Lower Saxony, Germany, he was the son of Count Konrad of Morsleben and Hornburg and his wife Amulrad.
In 1040, he became Bishop of Bamberg. In 1046, he accompanied King Henry III on his campaign to Italy and in December, participated in the Council of Sutri, which deposed former Popes Benedict IX and Sylvester III and persuaded Pope Gregory VI to resign. King Henry nominated Suidger for the papacy and the council elected him. Suidger took the name Clement II. Immediately after his election, King Henry and the new Pope moved to Rome, where Clement crowned Henry III as Holy Roman Emperor.
Clement II's short pontificate, starting with the Roman synod of 1047, initiated an improvement in the state of affairs within the Roman Church, particularly by enacting decrees against simony. A dispute for precedence among the Sees of Ravenna, Milan, and Aquileia was settled in favour of Ravenna.
Clement's election was later criticized by the reform party within the papal curia due to the royal involvement and the fact that the new Pope was already bishop of another diocese. Contrary to later practice, Clement kept his old see, governing both Rome and Bamberg simultaneously.
Clement accompanied the Emperor in a triumphal progress through southern Italy and placed Benevento under an interdict for refusing to open its gates to them. Proceeding with Henry to Germany, he canonized Wiborada, a nun of St. Gall, martyred by the Hungarians in 925. On his way back to Rome, he died near Pesaro in October 1047. His corpse was transferred back to Bamberg, which he had loved dearly, and interred in the western choir of the Bamberg Cathedral. His is the only tomb of a Pope north of the Alps.
A recent toxicologic examination of his remains confirmed centuries-old rumors that the Pope had been poisoned with lead sugar. It is not clear, however, whether he was murdered or whether the lead sugar was used as medicine.
==References==
Catholic Encyclopedia, "Pope Clement II" (1913).
1005 births
1047 deaths
People from Hornburg
German popes
11th-century German people
Popes
Bishops of Bamberg
11th-century archbishops
Burials at Bamberg Cathedral
Pous Clemens II
Papa Klement II
Klemañs II
Климент II (папа)
Climent II
Klement II.
Clemens II.
Clemens II
Πάπας Κλήμης Β΄
Clemente II
Klemente II.a
کلمنت دوم
Clément II
Clemente II, papa
교황 클레멘스 2세
Paus Klemens II
Papa Clemente II
Paus Clemens II
კლემენტ II
Papa Klementi II
Clemens II
Klemensas II
Папа Климент II
पोप क्लेमेंट दुसरा
Paus Clemens II
クレメンス2世 (ローマ教皇)
Klemens II
Klemens II
Papa Clemente II
Papa Clement al II-lea
Климент II
Klemens II
Clemens II
Clemente II
สมเด็จพระสันตะปาปาคลีเมนต์ที่ 2
Климент II
Giáo hoàng Clêmentê II
Papa Clemente II
Pope Clement II
克勉二世 | 465,892,929 | 2011-12-14T21:54:49 | Pope Clement II | 2,011 |
13,060,502 | Thanks for your additions to the Penallt article. -- Euchiasmus | 155,179,677 | 2007-09-02T09:03:18 | 86.31.21.147 | 2,011 |
33,805,850 | Timpa Lake is a small alpine lake in Elmore County, Idaho, United States, located in the Sawtooth Mountains in the Sawtooth National Recreation Area. The lake is accessed from Sawtooth National Forest trail 479 along Timpa Creek Creek.
Timpa Lake is in the Sawtooth Wilderness, and a wilderness permit can be obtained at a registration box at trailheads or wilderness boundaries. It is downstream of Chickadee Lake, Surprise Lake, Confusion Lake, and Low Pass Lake.
==References==
==See also==
List of lakes of the Sawtooth Mountains (Idaho)
Sawtooth National Forest
Sawtooth National Recreation Area
Sawtooth Range (Idaho)
Lakes of Idaho
Landforms of Elmore County, Idaho
Glacial lakes of the United States
Sawtooth Wilderness | 467,851,298 | 2011-12-27T03:01:03 | Timpa Lake | 2,011 |
11,337,450 | Holzlar
Is an enclosed settlement in Bonn's district Beuel, east of the Rhine and north of the Siebengebirge in Germany. Holzlar has a population of about 11.000 and consists out of the former villages Holzlar, Kohlkaul, Heidebergen, Roleber and Gielgen.
Today the borders of the villages are no longer visible.
== History and presence ==
The first documented mention of Holzlar was in 1394, where it was referred to as “Hultzelar”. Other documented names are Hultzlair, Holtzlar, Holtzlohr, Holzlahr, and Holtzlahr.
In 1780 the brown coal quarrying was started. Shortly after the brothers Leopold and Abraham Bleibtreu bought properties in Holzlar-Kohlkaul und Holzlar Gielgen and quarrying brown coal and alum.
1969 Holzlar became part of Bonn's district Beuel. Before 1969, Holzlar belonged to the Amt Menden.
Today there are mainly housing estates of higher standard in Roleber, Gielgen, Heidebergen and Holzlar. The north of Holzlar-Kohlkaul offers cheap flats, where lot of immigrants live and is a so-called sozialer Brennpunkt.
==The watermill==
Holzlar offers a special gem. The watermill of Holzlar. With today’s knowledge the watermill is the only functioning historical watermill in the area of Bonn
The watermill is an early industrial cultural relic.
Not much information about its history exists. It is assumed that the mill already existed in companion with a Burghof, which was given to Wilhelm von Nesselrode in 1502 and was destroyed during the war in the 16. Century. In the middle of the 19. century, the mill was bought by the family Reuter from the Earl von Nesselrode. The Reuter family was mentioned as the lessee of the mill in the beginning of the 19. Century. The mill was closed in the 1950s. In 1989 the “Holzlarer Mühlenverein” was founded. The society bought the mill and restored it. Today the mill is one of Bonns monuments and has historic preservation.
==The old protestant cemetery==
The cemetery is located between Hauptstraße and Hövelweg in Holzlar. It has a size of 330 square meters and about 50 graves and is a historic preservation, because it is one of the oldest Protestant cemetery in the Rhineland.
The cemetery was laid out by Family Linder as a private cemetery in the middle of the 17. century. The oldest gravestone has the inscription “M. Linder” and is from 1658. The cemetery is also called “Linders Garten” (garden of Linder). The street name close to the cemetery called Lindershausweg reminds of the family Linder.
In 1819 the cemetery was extended by Leopold Bleibtreu. Today there are 14 gravestones with the inscription “Bleibtreu”.
The cemetery was closed in 1968. It has preservation of sites of historic interest.
== Landscape and rare animals ==
The landscape of Holzlar in the South and East is dominated by forest, brooks, lakes and ponds. In the centre of Holzlar there is a nature reserve. The forest Ennert is mainly mixed forest with some very big oaks.
There are a lot of hiking trails, therefore the Ennert is a popular recreational area in the region of Bonn. There are a lot of springs in the Ennert. Some of them are not mapped. The names of the mapped ones are Alaunbach, Ankerbach, Pechsiefen, Holtorfer Bach, and Mühlenbach. Rare species like the Fire Salamander, the Coronella austriaca, the Great Spotted Woodpecker and the Anguis fragilis live in the forest or in the brooks and ponds. The Ennert is a nature reserve. In the northwestern part of Holzlar there are no forests and lakes and the land is used for agriculture.
== External links ==
Bürgerverein Holzlar e. V.
Holzlarer Mühle
Privates Informationsangebot zu Holzlar
Bürgerverein Kohlkaul
Urban districts and boroughs of Bonn
Populated places on the Rhine
Holzlar
Holzlar
Holzlar | 367,578,306 | 2010-06-12T09:01:10 | Holzlar | 2,011 |
31,686,753 | == May 2011 ==
Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at Chemical bond. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted or removed. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you. Chester Markel (talk)
If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make any unconstructive edits, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant warnings.
Please stop your disruptive editing. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, as you did at Chemical bond with this edit, you may be blocked from editing. Meph. | 427,618,304 | 2011-05-05T18:11:26 | 117.193.98.60 | 2,011 |
13,060,503 | The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.
The result was delete.
===Lab 5===
– (View AfD)(View log)
Very small article (basically a paragraph) about a non-notable and incredibly generic fictional location. Shouldn't need more than a simple mention in the main Fullmetal Alchemist article. Kariteh
Delete per nom
Delete per nom Czac
Delete, not notable in its own right.-h i s s p a c e r e s e a r c h
Delete not notable, not suitable name for redirect, article title is misleading, as any number of different lab 5s exist in the world. I was thinking this title would be about BSL-5 labs. 132.205.44.5
Delete - per nom, minor aspect of the series that does not need an article. Sephiroth BCR (Converse)
Note: This debate has been included in the list of Anime and manga-related deletions. —Sephiroth BCR (Converse)
''The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page. | 156,376,132 | 2007-09-07T23:21:14 | Articles for deletion/Lab 5 | 2,011 |
33,805,854 | Hi Bryna. I think you're responding on my page to a message from Soman, not me. (I left you a plate of cookies, not a question.) You can reply at Soman. — Malik Shabazz Talk/Stalk | 461,520,004 | 2011-11-20T01:36:31 | Xsnerg | 2,011 |
33,805,855 | 461,520,028 | 2011-11-20T01:36:39 | Digital line graph | 2,011 |
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33,805,856 | 461,520,063 | 2011-11-20T01:36:59 | Digital orthophoto quadrangle | 2,011 |
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33,805,859 | ==File source problem with File:Hans-Taeubert-1935.JPG==
Thank you for uploading Hans-Taeubert-1935.JPG. I noticed that the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you did not create this file yourself, you will need to specify the owner of the copyright. If you obtained it from a website, please add a link to the page from which it was taken, together with a brief restatement of the website's terms of use of its content. If the original copyright holder is a party unaffiliated with the website, that author should also be credited. Please add this information by editing the image description page.
If the necessary information is not added within the next days, the image will be deleted. If the file is already gone, you can still make a request for undeletion and ask for a chance to fix the problem.
Please refer to the image use policy to learn what images you can or cannot upload on Wikipedia. Please also check any other files you have uploaded to make sure they are correctly tagged. Here is a . If you have any questions or are in need of assistance please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Calliopejen1 (talk) | 461,520,166 | 2011-11-20T01:37:41 | Topez2 | 2,011 |
31,686,754 | 427,617,886 | 2011-05-05T18:08:39 | GLAM/Derby/Participants | 2,011 |
|
33,805,863 | == Summary ==
album cover of String-A-Long album Wide World Hits. Photograph taken by myself of album from my collection. | 461,550,130 | 2011-11-20T05:50:53 | String-A-LongsWideWorldHits.jpg | 2,011 |
31,686,755 | == May 2011 ==
Welcome to Wikipedia. Everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, but at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Surface area, did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted (undone) by ClueBot NG.
Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Note that human editors do monitor recent changes to Wikipedia articles, and administrators have the ability to block users from editing if they repeatedly engage in vandalism.
ClueBot NG produces very few false positives, but it does happen. If you believe the change you made should not have been detected as unconstructive, please read about it, , remove this warning from your talk page, and then make the edit again.
The following is the log entry regarding this warning: Surface area was changed by 168.216.77.44 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.993577 on 2011-05-05T18:08:49+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk) | 427,617,924 | 2011-05-05T18:08:53 | 168.216.77.44 | 2,011 |
31,686,756 | == May 2011 ==
Welcome to Wikipedia. Everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, but at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Greg Pope, did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted (undone) by ClueBot NG.
Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Note that human editors do monitor recent changes to Wikipedia articles, and administrators have the ability to block users from editing if they repeatedly engage in vandalism.
ClueBot NG produces very few false positives, but it does happen. If you believe the change you made should not have been detected as unconstructive, please read about it, , remove this warning from your talk page, and then make the edit again.
The following is the log entry regarding this warning: Greg Pope was changed by 81.102.163.238 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.917605 on 2011-05-05T18:09:02+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk)
Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at Blackburn with this edit. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted or removed. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you. Meph.
Please stop your disruptive editing. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, as you did at Greg Pope with this edit, you may be blocked from editing. My76Strat (talk)
This is your last warning. If you vandalize Wikipedia again, as you did at Jo Brand, you will be blocked from editing without further notice.Your edits have been automatically marked as vandalism and have been automatically reverted. The following is the log entry regarding this vandalism: Jo Brand was changed by 81.102.163.238 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.894794 on 2011-05-06T00:23:19+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk)
You have been blocked temporarily from editing for abuse of editing privileges. Once the block has expired, you are welcome to make useful contributions. If you would like to be unblocked, you may appeal this block by adding the text , but you should read the guide to appealing blocks first.
== July 2011 ==
Please do not add unreferenced or poorly referenced information, especially if controversial, to articles or any other page on Wikipedia about living persons, as you did to Greg Pope. Thank you. Pstanton (talk)
If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make any unconstructive edits, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant warnings. | 437,491,435 | 2011-07-03T02:32:24 | 81.102.163.238 | 2,011 |
11,337,452 | ==PMID's==
The template filler is not currently working for me, so feel free to change those PMID's to refs, or I'll do it later.Sasata (talk)
done Sasata (talk)
==Question==
Please can we have citations reference the claim that research is being undertaken into genoderma.
where is research being undertaken, at which institutes, which university, who is funding such research, etc.
Joe Glatzdale (talk)
I've changed "is" to "has been" to better reflect the sources. The other information you request is outside the scope of this Wikipedia article, but may be found by consulting the given references and checking the author names and the institutions they are associated with. Sasata (talk) | 360,467,701 | 2010-05-06T06:28:59 | Ganoderma | 2,011 |
384,225 | The Sabine's Gull is a small gull. Its generic placement is disputed; some authors treat it as the sole species in the genus Xema as Xema sabini, while others retain it in the genus Larus as Larus sabini. It breeds in the arctic and has a circumpolar distribution through northernmost North America and Eurasia. It migrates south in autumn; most of the population winters at sea in the Pacific off western South America in the cold waters of the Humboldt Current, while Greenland and eastern Canadian birds cross the Atlantic by way of the westernmost fringes of Europe to winter off southwest Africa in the cold waters of the Benguela Current. Occasionally individual Sabine's Gulls can be seen off other coasts such as the northeastern United States or further east in Europe, typically following autumn storms.
This species is easy to identify through its striking wing pattern. The adult has a pale grey back and wing coverts, black primary flight feathers and white secondaries. The white tail is forked. The male's hood darkens during breeding season. Their bills are black with a yellow tip. Young birds have a similar tricoloured wing pattern, but the grey is replaced by brown, and the tail has a black terminal band. The juveniles take two years to attain full adult plumage. They have a very high-pitched and squeaking call.
The Sabine's Gull breeds in colonies on coasts and tundra, laying two or three spotted olive-brown eggs in a ground nest lined with grass. It is very pelagic outside the breeding season. It takes a wide variety of mainly animal food, and will eat any suitable small prey. It also steals eggs from nesting colonies of Arctic Terns.
The specific epithet and common name honour the Irish scientist Sir Edward Sabine, who had sent a specimen to his brother Joseph Sabine; the first description was in 1819.
==Taxonomy and evolution==
The Sabine's Gull is usually treated as comprising a monotypic genus, it is only placed within the genus Larus when the genus is enlarged. The black bill and notched tail is almost unique within the gulls, characteristics shared only with the Swallow-tailed Gull of the Galapagos. On the basis of this the two species were often thought to be each other's closest relatives, a hypothesis ruled out by a number of behaviour and ecological differences. Mitochondrial DNA studies confirmed this, and the closest relative of the Sabine's Gull is now thought to be the Ivory Gull, another Arctic species. The two species are thought to have separated a long time ago, around 2 million years ago.
==Description==
The Sabine's Gull is a small gull, in length and weighing . The wings are long, thin and pointed with a span of between . The bill, which is black with a yellow tip, is around long.
==References==
==External links==
Avibase
Gulls
Genera of birds
Arctic birds
Non-larid gulls
Gouelanig lost forc'hek
Вилоопашата чайка
Gavineta cuaforcada
Racek Sabinův
Schwalbenmöwe
Harksaba-kajakas
Larus sabini
Sabina mevo
Ternumási
Mouette de Sabine
Iqirgagiaq
Xema sabini
Skeltauodegis kiras
Vorkstaartmeeuw
クビワカモメ
Sabinemåke
Sabinemåse
Xema sabini
Mewa obrożna
Gaivota-de-sabine
Вилохвостая чайка
Tiiralokki
Tärnmås
Mòng biển Sabine | 462,882,066 | 2011-11-28T11:14:19 | Sabine's gull | 2,011 |
33,805,864 | Welcome!
Hello, Miirainn, and welcome to Wikipedia! I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Unfortunately, one or more of the pages you created, such as Kelly Pi, may not conform to some of Wikipedia's guidelines, and may soon be deleted.
There's a page about creating articles you may want to read called Your first article. If you are stuck, and looking for help, please come to the New contributors' help page, where experienced Wikipedians can answer any queries you have! Or, you can just type on this page, and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Here are a few other good links for newcomers:
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I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you have any questions, check out Questions or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! Sparthorse (talk)
==Speedy deletion nomination of Kelly Pi==
Please refrain from introducing inappropriate pages, such as Kelly Pi, to Wikipedia. Doing so is not in accordance with our policies. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox.
If you think that this notice was placed here in error, contest the deletion by clicking on the button labelled "Click here to contest this speedy deletion". Doing so will take you to the talk page where you will find a pre-formatted place for you to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. You can also visit the page's talk page directly to give your reasons, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the page meets the criterion, it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the page that would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. Sparthorse (talk) | 461,520,237 | 2011-11-20T01:38:13 | Miirainn | 2,011 |
33,805,865 | == November 2011 ==
This is your only warning; if you vandalize Wikipedia again, you may be blocked from editing without further notice. →Στc.
You have been blocked indefinitely from editing because your account is being used only for vandalism. If you would like to be unblocked, you may appeal this block by adding the text , but you should read the guide to appealing blocks first. - Vianello (Talk) | 461,520,339 | 2011-11-20T01:39:09 | VainAttempts | 2,011 |
33,805,866 | 461,520,261 | 2011-11-20T01:38:27 | Danielsoneg | 2,011 |
|
11,337,458 | == May 2007 ==
Your recent edit to Sugar Glider (diff) was reverted by an automated bot that attempts to recognize and repair vandalism to Wikipedia articles. If the bot reverted a legitimate edit, please accept my humble creator's apologies – if you bring it to the attention of the bot's owner, we may be able to improve its behavior. Click here for frequently asked questions about the bot and this warning. // MartinBot
Please stop. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, as you did to Welcoming committee/Welcome to Wikipedia/Intro, you will be blocked from editing. PeaceNT
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This is your last warning. The next time you vandalize Wikipedia, as you did to Gertrude Ederle, you will be blocked from editing. Billy227, Review my account!! talk contribs sndbx usbx
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You have been blocked from editing for vandalizing . If you wish to make useful contributions, you are welcome to come back after the block expires.
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If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make any unconstructive edits, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant warnings. | 133,435,889 | 2007-05-25T15:44:42 | 72.144.42.151 | 2,011 |
33,805,867 | High
High schools in Hawaii
Hawaii | 461,711,893 | 2011-11-21T04:02:39 | Public high schools in Hawaii | 2,011 |
31,686,757 | Coleophora hancola is a moth of the Coleophoridae family. It is found in Japan.
The wingspan is about 12 mm.
The larvae feed on Alnus japonica. They create a grey-brownish, somewhat tubular leaf-case of about 5 mm in length with short dorsal keel. They mine into the leaf of their host plant until October, and passes winter in full-grown stage within the case fastened on the twig.
==References==
Coleophora | 427,617,962 | 2011-05-05T18:09:06 | Coleophora hancola | 2,011 |
33,805,868 | ==== 20 November 2011 ====
SCV for 2011-11-20
===== Copyright investigations (manual article tagging) =====
Shahdaei paradox ( · ) from http://www.pnas.org/content/93/25/14256.full http://cerncourier.com/cws/article/cern/29224 and http://web.mit.edu/edbert/GR/gr5.pdf. I am very concerned that there may be additional copyright violations in this article, but many of the sources are pay only. Monty845
Isadore Schwartz ( · ) from CCI. Sources copied include http://www.jewsinsports.org/profile.asp?sport=boxing&ID=208 and http://www.jewishsports.net/BioPages/IsadoreSchwartz.htm. Mkativerata (talk)
Ana González (fashion designer) ( · ) from http://www.analocking.com/en/biografia.html. The talk page of the Spanish WP article mentions an OTRS ticket for a similarity with a page from clmdiseno.com, which is itself different from the hereabove mentioned page from analocking.com. now claims here to have "the permision of Ana Locking to paste the bio of Ana Locking from her website". — Racconish Tk
Targeted killing ( · ) from CCI. Foundational. Recent history of the article shows random sampling picking up multiple copyright violations of cited sources, many of which are word-for-word. I don't think we have the resources to pick through this article line-by-line. There is very little substantive text in the article that isn't the work of the CCI subject. Mkativerata (talk)
* Article cleaned by investigator or others. No remaining infringement. --Moonriddengirl (talk) | 464,082,347 | 2011-12-04T19:20:53 | Copyright problems/2011 November 20 | 2,011 |
13,060,504 | James Grayman (born 11 October 1985) is a male er from Antigua and Barbuda. He was born and raised in Parham Town by his mother Evelyn Sheppard. He is the cousin of St. Peter's Youth Branch Chairperson Chaneil Jackson.
His personal best jump is 2.27 metres, achieved in July 2007 in Pergine Valsugana. This is the current Antiguan and Barbudan record.
==Achievements==
{|
|-
!colspan="6"|Representing
|-
|rowspan=2|2006
|Commonwealth Games
|Melbourne, Australia
|9th
|
|-
|Central American and Caribbean Games
|Cartagena, Colombia
|4th
|
|-
|2007
|Pan American Games
|Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
|bgcolor="cc9966" | 3rd
|2.24 m
|-
|2009
|Central American and Caribbean Championships
|Havana, Cuba
|bgcolor="gold" | 1st
|2.19 m
|-
|2010
|Central American and Caribbean Games
|Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
|7th
|2.10 m
|-
|2011
|Central American and Caribbean Championships
|Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
|bgcolor="silver" | 2nd
|2.25 m
|}
==References==
1985 births
Living people
High jumpers
Antigua and Barbuda athletes
Pan American Games competitors for Antigua and Barbuda
Olympic athletes of Antigua and Barbuda
Athletes (track and field) at the 2006 Commonwealth Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 2007 Pan American Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2011 Pan American Games
James Grayman
James Grayman
James Grayman | 468,187,258 | 2011-12-29T01:01:56 | James Grayman | 2,011 |
43,831 | __NOTOC__
Year 177 (CLXXVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Commodus and Plautius (or, less frequently, year 930 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 177 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
== Events ==
=== By place ===
==== Roman Empire ====
Lucius Aurelius Commodus Caesar (age 15) and Marcus Peducaeus Plautius Quintillus become Roman Consuls.
Commodus is given the title Augustus and is made co-emperor with the same status as his father Marcus Aurelius.
Marcus Aurelius begins a systematic persecution of Christians at Rome, the followers take refuge in the catacombs.
Churches in southern Gaul are destroyed after a crowd accuses the local Christians of practicing cannibalism and incest.
Forty-seven Christians are martyred in Lyon (Saint Blandina and Pothinus, bishop of Lyon, are among them).
Second Marcomannic War: Marcus Aurelius and Commodus begin war against the Quadi and the Marcomanni.
==== Asia ====
Chinese troops suffer a crushing defeat against a confederacy of Central Asian tribes led by the Xianbei (see Wu Hu).
== Births ==
Cai Wenji, Chinese female poet and musical composer
Pan Zhang, Chinese general of Wu (d. 234)
Sun Yu (d. 215)
Wang Can, Chinese politician, scholar and poet (d. 217)
Xu Sheng, general of Wu (d. 228)
Yuan Shang, youngest son of Chinese warlord Yuan Shao (d. 207)
== Deaths ==
S. Polycarpus, S. Blandina and other martyrs in Lyon
== References ==
177
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۱۷۷ (میلادی)
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सन् १७७
177年
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୧୭୭
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พ.ศ. 720
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177年 | 461,985,436 | 2011-11-22T19:38:16 | 177 | 2,011 |
31,686,758 | == May 2011 ==
Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and read the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. Thank you. -- zzuuzz (talk) | 427,617,978 | 2011-05-05T18:09:11 | 159.191.195.42 | 2,011 |
33,805,869 | 461,520,305 | 2011-11-20T01:38:49 | Drying height | 2,011 |
|
384,231 | Venstre (left) is the name of two Scandinavian liberal political parties
Venstre (Denmark)
Venstre (Norway)
Venstre
Venstre (flertydig)
Venstre
Venstre
Venstre
Venstre
Venstre
Venstre
Venstre (andre betydninger)
Venstre (fleirtyding)
Venstre
Venstre | 455,106,819 | 2011-10-11T21:31:34 | Venstre | 2,011 |
31,686,759 | 427,617,981 | 2011-05-05T18:09:12 | Coleophora hancola | 2,011 |
|
22,363,933 | William "Billy" Stobie (1950 - 12 December 2001) was an Ulster Defence Association (UDA) quartermaster and Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) Special Branch informer who was involved in the shootings of student Brian Adam Lambert in 1987 and solicitor Pat Finucane in 1989.
His 1990 admissions, to journalist Neil Mulholland, provided new information which led, in February 1999, to British Irish Rights Watch submitting a confidential report to the British Government. This in turn would lead to the reopening of the Stevens Enquiry which uncovered state/paramilitary collusion at a level "way beyond" what Sir John Stevens had originally reported.
==Brian Adam Lambert==
On 8 November 1987, the IRA detonated a powerful bomb at the Enniskillen Remembrance Sunday ceremony killing eleven. There was no immediate direct reprisal, partially as a result of an appeal by Gordon Wilson, father of one of the victims. The exception to this was when Brian Adam Lambert was mistakenly targeted and shot the following day at a building site in Highfield, Belfast. He was a 19 year-old Protestant student with no criminal record or paramilitary links, but was assumed to have been a Catholic.
Stobie admitted supplying the guns for the attack and driving Stephen Harbinson in the getaway car. Both Stobie and Harbinson stated that they were sickened by the mistake and for the first time Stobie realised that the UDA was unprofessional. That same month Stobie was arrested for Lambert's murder. He was not charged but, while in custody, was recruited as an agent by the RUC Special Branch.
Harbinson was also arrested; he was convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment. Following his release under the Good Friday Agreement he skipped bail on drug dealing charges in Northern Ireland. He was rearrested on the Costa Del Sol on separate charges of drug trafficking, kidnapping and arms possession. Once more he was given bail and disappeared.
==Pat Finucane==
In April 1999, as part of the Stevens Enquiry, Stobie was arrested and charged with Finucane's murder. In June that year, as agreed, journalist Ed Moloney published Stobie's version of the circumstances of Finucane's death. The charges were later commuted to aiding and abetting the murder. Stobie's trial eventually collapsed because of the failure of Neil Mulholland, by now Northern Ireland Office Press Officer, to take the witness stand.
==Stevens 3==
Stobie was rearrested and charged with murder as a result of Stevens 3. At his trial the chief witness, Neil Mullholland, refused to take the witness stand and Stobie was released.
In his overview and recommendations John Stevens stated:
"I have uncovered enough evidence to lead me to believe that the murders of Patrick Finucane and Brian Adam Lambert could have been prevented".
==Death==
On 12 December 2001, Stobie was shot dead outside his home at Forthriver Road, Glencairn, Belfast. The Red Hand Defenders (RHD) claimed responsibility.
==References==
1950 births
2001 deaths
Deaths by firearm in Northern Ireland
Loyalists imprisoned during the Northern Ireland conflict
Protestants from Northern Ireland
People from Belfast
People killed by loyalist paramilitaries
Ulster Defence Association members
Date of birth missing
Place of birth missing | 452,633,731 | 2011-09-27T03:46:15 | William Stobie | 2,011 |
31,686,760 | == May 2011 ==
Welcome to Wikipedia. Everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, but at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to National Constituent Assembly, did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted (undone) by ClueBot NG.
Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Note that human editors do monitor recent changes to Wikipedia articles, and administrators have the ability to block users from editing if they repeatedly engage in vandalism.
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The following is the log entry regarding this warning: National Constituent Assembly was changed by 88.81.134.136 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.972906 on 2011-05-05T18:09:16+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk) | 427,618,007 | 2011-05-05T18:09:21 | 88.81.134.136 | 2,011 |
33,805,870 | The Wandown Important Bird Area comprises a 48 km2 disjunct tract of remnant mallee habitat in northern Victoria, south-eastern Australia. It lies close to the junction of the Murray and Murrumbidgee Rivers, some 50 km south-east of the town of Robinvale and 75 km north-west of the city of Swan Hill.
==Description==
The Important Bird Area (IBA) consists of three separate properties: Wandown Flora and Fauna Reserve, Menzies Nature Conservation Reserve, and the Boundary Bend property owned and managed by Trust For Nature. The vegetation is dominated by mallee woodland and shrubland communities with patches of semiarid non-eucalypt woodland on calcareous dunes with loamy or sandy soils. The northernmost section of Boundary Bend is dominated by Lignum and other non-mallee communities. The area has a warm, dry climate with mean maximum temperatures ranging from 33oC in January to 15.7oC in July, and mean annual rainfall of 320 mm.
==Flora and fauna==
Of the more than 200 species of plants recorded in the IBA, several are listed as threatened, including the Yellow Swainson-pea. Mitchell's Hopping Mice and Common Brushtail Possums are present.
===Birds===
The site has been identified as an IBA by BirdLife International because it supports a breeding population of Malleefowl as well as foraging habitat for Regent Parrots. Other birds recorded in the IBA include Striated Grasswrens, Shy Heathwrens, Black Honeyeaters, Flame Robins, Southern Scrub-robins, Chestnut Quail-thrushes, Chestnut-crowned Babblers and Black Honeyeaters.
==References==
Important Bird Areas of Victoria (Australia)
Mallee (Victoria)
Mallee Woodlands and Shrublands | 467,738,813 | 2011-12-26T10:59:19 | Wandown Important Bird Area | 2,011 |
11,337,462 | Yuya Ando (安藤 優也, often Andoh, born December 27, 1977) is a professional baseball player from Ōita City, Japan. He is part of the starting rotation for the Hanshin Tigers Japanese baseball team.
==Career==
Ando joined the Japanese Olympic baseball team for the 2004 Summer Olympics, and won a bronze medal.
==Statistics==
{|class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em; text-align: center;"
|+
!Year!!G!!CG!!Fins!!Start!!ShutOut!!Walk Free!!W!!L!!S!!W%!!H!!IP!!H!!HR!!BoB!!HbP!!SO!!R!!ER!!ERA
|-
!2002
|17||0||5||8||0||0||3||5||0||.375||253||59.2||51||7||22||3||40||31||25||3.77
|-
!2003
|51||0||13||0||0||0||5||2||5||.714||245||61||44||2||19||1||60||11||11||1.62
|-
!2004
|57||0||20||0||0||0||5||8||5||.385||254||60.1||53||10||20||3||72||25||24||3.58
|-
!2005
|24||3||1||20||0||2||11||5||0||.688||592||146||142||15||25||7||119||56||55||3.39
|-
!2006
|31||2||2||18||1||0||10||3||0||.769||546||129||139||7||31||4||103||52||48||3.35
|-
!2007
|8||0||0||6||0||0||2||3||0||.400||141||33||30||4||14||1||17||17||16||4.36
|-
!2008
|25||2||0||25||0||1||13||9||0||.591||656||154.2||158||8||41||8||111||57||55||3.20
|-
!2009
|28||2||0||28||0||0||8||12||0||.400||714||164||180||18||51||6||97||80||71||3.90
|-
!2010
|19||0||0||9||0||0||2||3||0||.400||246||52||78||9||14||0||31||45||42||7.27
|-
!Career
|260||9||41||110||1||3||59||50||10||.541||3647||859.2||875||80||237||33||650||374||347||3.63
|}
==References==
==External links==
Baseball people from Ōita Prefecture
Baseball players at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Hanshin Tigers players
Japanese baseball players
Olympic baseball players of Japan
Olympic bronze medalists for Japan
Olympic medalists in baseball
People from Ōita, Ōita
1977 births
Living people
안도 유야
安藤優也
Yuya Ando
Yuya Ando | 467,504,298 | 2011-12-24T14:58:17 | Yuya Ando | 2,011 |
31,686,761 | == May 2011 ==
Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to War, did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and read the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. Thank you. Bilby (talk) | 427,618,018 | 2011-05-05T18:09:23 | SKIMMER13 | 2,011 |
31,686,762 | 427,618,053 | 2011-05-05T18:09:35 | GLAM/Derby/One on one collaborations | 2,011 |
|
31,686,763 | Could somebody finish up that first sentence? --64.90.224.40 (talk) | 427,618,062 | 2011-05-05T18:09:38 | Pike v. Bruce Church, Inc. | 2,011 |
13,060,507 | The Backyard is a 1920 silent comedy film featuring Oliver Hardy.
==Cast==
Jimmy Aubrey - Almost a cop
Oliver Hardy - The ruffian (as Babe Hardy)
Jack Ackroyd - A millionaire
Kathleen Myers - His daughter
Evelyn Nelson - His daughter
==See also==
List of American films of 1920
Oliver Hardy filmography
==External links==
1920 films
American films
American silent short films
Black-and-white films
1920s comedy films
Films directed by Jess Robbins
1920s short films
The Backyard | 465,268,322 | 2011-12-11T10:07:52 | The Backyard (1920 film) | 2,011 |
33,805,871 | 461,520,319 | 2011-11-20T01:38:59 | Dual Independent Map Encoding | 2,011 |
|
29,046,620 | Armed conflicts and attacks
3 people killed in Pibor county of Jonglei state of Sudan. (Sudan Tribune)
Afghanistan and Pakistan
Jewish settlers in the West Bank set fire to the Muslim Al-Anbiaa Mosque in Beit Fajjar area near the Palestinian city of Bethlehem. Its rug ground and some parts of the Qur'an are burnt and anti-Islamic and anti-Palestinian slogans are written. (Xinhua) (Al Jazeera) (BBC)
War in Iraq
5 Tajik policemen are killed in a clash in East Tajikistan. (Xinhua)
4 people, including two Central Reserve Police Force men, are killed and 2 others are injured in an evening landmine blast in the remote parts of South Gadchiroli. The attack is carried out by Maoists. (DNA) (ZEE)
Arts and culture
TVNZ Breakfast race row: Video
The world's oldest known , estimated to be 49,000 years old, is uncovered near Kokoda, Papua New Guinea. (Radio Australia)
Jonathan Evans, head of Britain's MI5, gives a rare interview, disclosing details of his love for classics and calling for wider availability of Latin and Greek in schools as, he claims, they are useful for spies. (The Daily Telegraph)
British comic actor and songwriter Sir Norman Wisdom dies in an Isle of Man nursing home. (BBC)(The Guardian)
The industrial dispute surrounding The Hobbit film project is mediated by New Zealand's Economic Development Minister Gerry Brownlee and Arts and Culture Minister Chris Finlayson. (The New Zealand Herald) (BBC)
Hundreds of people attend the public funeral of actor Tony Curtis who died last week. (BBC)
Business and economy
2001 Nobel laureate economist Joseph Stiglitz warns of a "wave of austerity" set to sweep across Europe, triggering a new recession and the demise of the euro, and predicts Spain will enter a "death spiral" - similar to that of Argentina a decade ago - when it is attacked by speculators. (AFP via The Age)
The Greek government announces additional harsher austerity measures in its 2011 draft budget. (BBC)
Visa and Mastercard agreed to settle an antitrust lawsuit brought by the U.S. Department of Justice and the attorneys-general of seven states. They agreed to allow their participating merchants to steer customers toward lower-cost options. American Express will fight rather than agree to the terms, it said. (NPR)
Disasters and accidents
Indonesian Coordinating Minister for Public Welfare Affairs Agung Laksono said here on Tuesday that the massive flood in Wasior, West Papua that continuously occurred from Sunday to Monday has claimed 56 lives. (Xinhua)
3 people were killed and 5 were injured after a boiler exploded in a tannery in Hatay in the Dericiler area of Güzelburç town. The injured were taken to Mustafa Kemal University’s faculty of medicine hospital. (Today's Zaman)
Two persons were killed when a mini-lorry was hit by the Netravati Express, they were travelling at an unmanned level crossing at Panachuvadu near Punnapra, India. (Hindu)
At least 26 are killed and many more left missing missing after flash floods in eastern Indonesia's Papua province. (Deccan Chronicle via AP) (Jakarta News)
International relations
Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao and Japanese Prime Minister Naoto Kan met in Brussels, on the sidelines of the Asia-Europe Meeting. (CNN)
The 2010 Asia–Europe Meeting commences in Brussels, Belgium with Russia, Australia and New Zealand joining the discussions. (Xinhua)
China's State Councilor Dai Bingguo delivers a speech at the opening session of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change meeting in Tianjin before the U.N. climate summit in Mexico at year's end. (China Daily via Xinhua) (Al Jazeera)
An angry stand-off results from a row over the ongoing presence of dozens of United States military bases on the Japanese island of Okinawa, all of which remain through intense U.S. pressure despite protests from tens of thousands of residents. (BBC)
Federal Minister of the Interior Thomas de Maizière tells a news conference in Berlin that there is no concrete evidence of an imminent attack and "no reason to be alarmist at this time"; the Japanese government alerts its citizens to watch out for any attacks in Europe. The United States and UK have both done so in recent times. (BBC)
Israel decides to deport 1976 Nobel Peace Prize laureate Mairead Maguire, whom it has kept locked up in a detention facility since last Tuesday when she arrived to attend a conference with 5 other Nobel peace laureates. An Israeli court orders her to keep "her propaganda to herself". Israel claims it has banned her from entering its land but she says she is unaware of such a ban. (The Irish Times) (BBC) (Haaretz)
Law and crime
Dutch MP Geert Wilders is put on trial in Amsterdam on charges of inciting hatred against Muslims in his 17-minute film Fitna. Anti-Wilders protests occur outside court. (BBC) (Al Jazeera) (AFP via iAfrica)
Syria issues arrest warrants for more than 30 people accused of misleading an investigation into the 2005 assassination of Lebanon's former prime minister Rafic Hariri. (Al Jazeera)
Former Prime Minister of Fiji Mahendra Chaudhry is released on bail. (Indian Express) (BBC)
A court in Thailand rejects a request to drop charges against Viktor Bout, whom the United States suspects of attempting to sell weapons to its opponents. He was arrested by undercover United States agents in 2008 at a Bangkok hotel. (BBC) (Xinhua)
A vigil is held by Rutgers University in the United States for Tyler Clementi, who committed suicide after a roommate and another student secretly streamed online a private sexual encounter he had with a man. (AP via The Age)
A gunman in Gainesville, Florida shoots six people, killing his father before committing suicide. (Gainesville Sun)
Tens of thousands of people protest about tree-felling in Stuttgart and are confronted by police wielding water cannon and pepper spray. (BBC)
Politics
Brazilian elections:
A Japanese judicial panel calls for charges against top Democratic Party (DPJ) figure Ichirō Ozawa. (BBC) (Bangkok Post)
Lima receives its first female mayor in Susana Villarán. (BBC)
The Cuban government considers another large-scale round of political prisoner releases after the release of 52 in July. (BBC)
Science
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine:
The first Census of Marine Life (CoML), a 10-year major international project described as the most comprehensive study of its kind, is completed, sparking celebration among scientists. (BBC), (AFP via Google News)
Sport
2010 U.S. Open champion Graeme McDowell of Northern Ireland defeats Hunter Mahan of the United States in the final match to win the 2010 Ryder Cup for Europe by 14½-13½. (BBC Sport) (RTÉ Sport) (The Irish Times) (Sky News)
Football:
|} | 454,118,393 | 2011-10-05T19:36:42 | Current events/2010 October 4 | 2,011 |
31,686,764 | 466,785,307 | 2011-12-20T00:42:13 | Phongor | 2,011 |
|
31,686,765 | == May 2011 ==
Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at Pica (disorder). Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted or removed. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you. -- Fyrefly (talk) | 427,618,111 | 2011-05-05T18:09:57 | 99.110.245.237 | 2,011 |
33,805,872 | ==GA Review==
This review is transcluded from Battle of Bréville/GA1. The edit link for this section can be used to add comments to the review.
Reviewer: Anotherclown (talk · contribs)
===Progression===
Version of the article when originally reviewed: of the article when review was closed: [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Br%C3%A9ville&oldid=461574670
===Technical review===
Citations: The Citation Check tool reveals no errors (no action required).
Disambiguations: no dab links (no action required).
Linkrot: External links check out (no action required).
Alt text: image lacks alt text so you might consider adding it (suggestion only).
Copyright violations: The Earwig Tool is currently not working, however spot checks using Google searches reveal no issues (no action required).
===Criteria===
It is reasonably well written.
a (prose): b (MoS):
:Comment As I understand ORDINAL, it considers three separate cases;
:# numbers from zero to nine, which are normally spelled out in words
:# numbers greater than nine that would require more than two words to spell out; these are normally rendered in numerals
:# numbers that are greater than nine that would only need one or two words to spell out; these can be either spelled out in words or rendered as numerals.
:The common confusion seems to stem from people reading this quickly and remembering it as two simple cases; numbers greater than nine always to be rendered one way, and numbers nine or less always to be rendered another way. This isn't what the MOS actually says, though - it quite specifically makes clear that numbers in the third category can be rendered either way. Personally I almost always choose "ten" or "sixty" over "10" or "60" unless it's covered by one of the other situations that the MOS lists; it looks really wrong to me the other way, and it certainly isn't common practice in modern historical works (or even serious journalism) written in British or Commonwealth English. (Not so sure about U.S. English).
::Fair call, I'll read this a bit closer in future. Anotherclown (talk)
It is factually accurate and verifiable.
a (references): b (citations to reliable sources): c (OR):
All major points are refenced to reliable sources.
Citations use a consistent style.
No issues with OR that I could see.
A couple of references are missing place of publishing details, including: Barber, Harclerode, Otway and Saunders (action required).
It is broad in its coverage.
a (major aspects): b (focused):
It follows the neutral point of view policy.
a (fair representation): b (all significant views):
It is stable.
No edit wars etc.:
It contains images, where possible, to illustrate the topic.
a (tagged and captioned): b (Is illustrated with appropriate images): c (non-free images have fair use rationales): d public domain pictures appropriately demonstrate why they are public domain:
No issues. Images used are all PD or appropriately licenced.
Overall':
a Pass/Fail'':
All done I believe see comments about numbers Jim Sweeney (talk)
:Yep looks good. Passing now. Anotherclown (talk)
::Great thanks for taking the time to review it.Jim Sweeney (talk) | 461,576,600 | 2011-11-20T10:55:11 | Battle of Bréville/GA1 | 2,011 |
33,805,873 | 462,157,182 | 2011-11-23T20:48:43 | Washington Summit (1987) | 2,011 |
|
31,686,766 | == Welcome! ==
|}
|}
== May 2011 ==
Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute constructively to the encyclopedia, your addition of one or more external links to the page International No Diet Day has been reverted.Your edit here to International No Diet Day was reverted by an automated bot that attempts to remove links which are discouraged per our external links guideline. The external link(s) you added or changed (http://www.facebook.com/home.php#!/zyzzthetics) is/are on my list of links to remove and probably shouldn't be included in Wikipedia.If you were trying to insert an external link that does comply with our policies and guidelines, then please accept my creator's apologies and feel free to undo the bot's revert. However, if the link does not comply with our policies and guidelines, but your edit included other, constructive, changes to the article, feel free to make those changes again without re-adding the link. Please read Wikipedia's external links guideline for more information, and consult my list of frequently-reverted sites. For more information about me, see my FAQ page. Thanks! --XLinkBot (talk) | 427,618,184 | 2011-05-05T18:10:27 | Liljabba | 2,011 |
11,337,473 | This article is really sparse. I think the most important part would be a comparison of the situation in different countries.
And some pictures. The german version would be a good template. Altought it is not perfect too.
Am I the only who thinks that this whole story with "cameras identifying the age of the person standing before the machine by comparing it to a database of other persons" is well... a load a crock, to put it mildly. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 77.76.138.135 (talk)
Actually, in Virginia (USA), there are automated systems to identify (among other things, like if they person is drunk or not) people who wish to purchase ethanol-based beverages at certain places with those systems installed. But, I would also like to see this article expanded. Especially adding a section about the United States of America, since I've walked by many of these machines before the mid-1990s.
== Ban? ==
There are moves to try and get these banned in the UK:
http://www.bhf.org.uk/news_and_campaigning/our_campaigns/cigarette_machine_ban.aspx
ShakespeareFan00 | 463,062,938 | 2011-11-29T07:06:22 | Cigarette machine | 2,011 |
33,805,875 | 461,520,371 | 2011-11-20T01:39:23 | N-philes | 2,011 |
|
31,686,767 | 427,618,191 | 2011-05-05T18:10:28 | GLAM/Derby/Photos requested | 2,011 |
|
33,805,877 | 461,520,386 | 2011-11-20T01:39:30 | Wandown Important Bird Area | 2,011 |
|
33,805,879 | Welcome!
Hello, Zackman467, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are some pages that you might find helpful:
The five pillars of Wikipedia
Tutorial
How to edit a page and How to develop articles
How to create your first article (using the Article Wizard if you wish)
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I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your messages on discussion pages using four tildes (~~~~); this will automatically insert your username and the date. If you need help, check out Questions, ask me on my talk page, or ask your question on this page and then place before the question. Again, welcome!
==November 2011==
Welcome and thank you for your contributions. Your test on the page New Jersey Devils worked, and it has been reverted or removed. If you would like to experiment further, please use the sandbox instead. Please take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Thank you. | 461,520,398 | 2011-11-20T01:39:36 | Zackman467 | 2,011 |
31,686,770 | importScript('User:Dr pda/prosesize.js'); //Dr pda/prosesize.js | 427,618,232 | 2011-05-05T18:10:49 | Justlettersandnumbers/common.js | 2,011 |
13,060,514 | ==Summary==
Decca Record's 1954 78 of "Skokiaan" by Louis Armstrong. | 277,752,356 | 2009-03-16T23:22:47 | Louis Armstrong Skokiaan.jpg | 2,011 |
33,805,880 | Welcome...
Hello, Purebreathoflove, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like this place and decide to stay. Here are some pages that you might find helpful:
Introduction
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How to edit a page
Help
How to write a great article
Manual of Style
Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~); this will automatically produce your username and the date. If you need help, check out Questions, ask me on my talk page, or place on your talk page and ask your question there. Again, welcome! Sunray (talk) Sunray (talk)
==November 2011==
Hello Purebreathoflove. If you are affiliated with some of the people, places or things you have written about on Wikipedia, you may have a conflict of interest. In keeping with Wikipedia's neutral point of view policy, edits where there is a conflict of interest, or where such a conflict might reasonably be inferred, are strongly discouraged. If you have a conflict of interest, you should avoid or exercise great caution when:
editing or creating articles related to you, your organization, or its competitors, as well as projects and products they are involved with;
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linking to the Wikipedia article or website of your organization in other articles (see Spam).
Please familiarize yourself with relevant policies and guidelines, especially those pertaining to neutral point of view, verifiability of information, and autobiographies.
For information on how to contribute to Wikipedia when you have a conflict of interest, please see our frequently asked questions for organizations. Thank you. Sunray (talk) | 461,520,678 | 2011-11-20T01:41:44 | Purebreathoflove | 2,011 |
33,805,882 | 461,520,441 | 2011-11-20T01:39:59 | Echo sounding | 2,011 |
|
31,686,772 | 428,616,051 | 2011-05-11T17:49:20 | 2011 Little Buffalo oil spill | 2,011 |
|
31,686,773 | == Welcome to Wikipedia ==
Welcome!
Hello, Bdr11, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are some pages that you might find helpful:
The five pillars of Wikipedia
Tutorial
How to edit a page and How to develop articles
How to create your first article (using the Article Wizard if you wish)
Manual of Style
I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your messages on discussion pages using four tildes (~~~~); this will automatically insert your username and the date. If you need help, check out Questions, ask me on my talk page, or ask your question on this page and then place before the question. Again, welcome!
tedder (talk) | 427,618,335 | 2011-05-05T18:11:42 | Bdr11 | 2,011 |
29,046,628 | 439,069,123 | 2011-07-12T11:20:05 | Archaeology of Bosnia and Herzegovina | 2,011 |
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31,686,777 | == Welcome ==
Welcome!
Hello, Adhadspencer122, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are some pages that you might find helpful:
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FM | 427,618,402 | 2011-05-05T18:12:08 | Adhadspencer122 | 2,011 |
43,832 | __NOTOC__
Year 176 (CLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Proculus and Aper (or, less frequently, year 929 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 176 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
== Events ==
=== By place ===
==== Roman Empire ====
November 27 – Marcus Aurelius grants Commodus the rank of Imperator and makes him Supreme Commander of the Roman legions.
December 23 – Emperor Marcus Aurelius and his son Commodus enter Rome after a campaign north of the Alps and receive a triumph for their victories over the Germanic tribes.
Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius is made. It is now kept at Museo Capitolini in Rome (approximate date).
== Births ==
Fa Zheng, advisor of Liu Bei (d. 220)
Prince of Hongnong (also said to be born in 173 AD) (d. 190)
Yuan Xi, second son of Yuan Shao (d. 207)
== Deaths ==
== References ==
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176年
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176年 | 466,129,745 | 2011-12-16T08:19:30 | 176 | 2,011 |
11,337,479 | The FIBT World Championships 1990 took place in St. Moritz, Switzerland (Bobsleigh) and Königssee, West Germany (Skeleton). St. Moritz hosted a championship event for the record seventeenth time. The Swiss city had hosted the event previously in 1931 (Four-man), 1935 (Four-man), 1937 (Four-man), 1938 (Two-man), 1939 (Two-man), 1947, 1955, 1957, 1959, 1965, 1970, 1974, 1977, 1982, 1987, and 1989 (Skeleton). Meanwhile, Königssee hosted a championship event for the third time, doing so previously in 1979 and 1986.
==Two man bobsleigh==
==Four-man bobsleigh==
A controversy was created when Weder was caught overnight by officials scraping off ice at a difficult corner of the track. Bobsleigh officials allowed him to compete, and he won his first world championship in the four-man event.
==Men's skeleton==
==Medal table==
{|
|-
| 1 ||align=left| || 2 || 0 || 1 || 3
|-
| 2 ||align=left| || 1 || 1 || 1 || 3
|-
| 3 ||align=left| || 0 || 2 || 1 || 3
|}
==References==
2-Man bobsleigh World Champions
4-Man bobsleigh World Champions
Men's skeleton World Champions
Wallechinsky, David and Jaime Loucky (2009). "Bobsleigh: Two-Man". In The Complete Book of the Winter Olympics: 2010 Edition. London: Aurum Press Limited. p. 159.
1990
1990 in Switzerland
Skeleton racing
Bob-Weltmeisterschaft 1990
Mistrzostwa Świata FIBT 1990 | 411,375,033 | 2011-02-01T14:01:49 | FIBT World Championships 1990 | 2,011 |
29,046,630 | == October 2010 ==
Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Clinton Portis, did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and read the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. The reverted edit can be found here. Thank you. Gfoley4 | Need to chat? My track record | 388,564,221 | 2010-10-03T23:30:57 | 99.199.187.233 | 2,011 |
33,805,883 | Chickadee Lake is a small alpine lake in Elmore County, Idaho, United States, located in the Sawtooth Mountains in the Sawtooth National Recreation Area. The lake is accessed from Sawtooth National Forest trail 479 along Timpa Creek.
Chickadee Lake is in the Sawtooth Wilderness, and a wilderness permit can be obtained at a registration box at trailheads or wilderness boundaries. Timpa Lake is upstream of Surprise Lake and Confusion Lake.
==References==
==See also==
List of lakes of the Sawtooth Mountains (Idaho)
Sawtooth National Forest
Sawtooth National Recreation Area
Sawtooth Range (Idaho)
Lakes of Idaho
Landforms of Elmore County, Idaho
Glacial lakes of the United States
Article Feedback 5
Sawtooth Wilderness | 467,849,811 | 2011-12-27T02:47:37 | Chickadee Lake | 2,011 |
24,100 | See also, 11th century antipope Clement III.
Pope Clement III (1130 – 20 March 1191), born Paulino (or Paolo) Scolari, was elected Pope on 19 December 1187 and reigned until his death.
==Cardinal==
A Roman by birth, Pope Alexander III appointed him in succession Archpriest of the patriarchal Liberian Basilica, Cardinal-deacon of Sergio e Bacco, and finally Cardinal bishop of Palestrina in December 1180. He appears as signatory of the papal bulls issued between 15 October 1179 and 11 December 1187.
==Pope==
Shortly after his accession at the conclusion of the papal election of December 1187, Clement succeeded in allaying the conflict which had existed for half a century between the Popes and the citizens of Rome, with an agreement by which the citizens were allowed to elect their magistrates, while the nomination of the governor of the city remained in the hands of the Pope. On 31 May 1188 he concluded a treaty with the Romans which removed long standing difficulties, thus returning the Papacy to Rome.
Clement also inherited a depleted college of cardinals, consisting of no more than twenty cardinals. He orchestrated three series of promotions (March 1188, May 1189 and October 1190) that resulted in over thirty new cardinals.
He pursed King Henry II of England and King Philip II of France to undertake the Third Crusade. In April 1189, Clement made peace with the Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa.
He settled a controversy with King William I of Scotland concerning the choice of the archbishop of St. Andrews, and on 13 March 1188 removed the Scottish church from the legatine jurisdiction of the Archbishop of York, thus making it independent of all save Rome.
In spite of agreeing to crown Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI, Clement III angered him by bestowing Sicily on Tancred. The crisis was acute when the Pope died in the latter part of March 1191.
==Notes==
==References==
Benson, Robert Louis and Robert Charles Figueira, Plenitude of power: the doctrines and exercise of authority in the Middle Ages, Ashgate Publishing Ltd, 2006.
Blair, D. Oswald Hunter, History of the Catholic Church of Scotland, Willian Blackwood and Sons, 1887.
Cheetham, Nicolas, Keepers of the Keys, Charles Scribner's Sons, 1982.
Reston, James, Warriors of God: Richard the Lionheart and Saladin in the Third Crusade, Random House Inc., 2001.
Robinson, Ian Stuart, The Papacy, 1073–1198: Continuity and Innovation, Cambridge University Press 1990.
Popes
Italian popes
Cardinal-bishops of Palestrina
12th-century Roman Catholic bishops
1130 births
1191 deaths
People of medieval Rome
12th-century Italian people
Pous Clemens III
Клімент III, Папа Рымскі
Климент III
Papa Klement III
Klemañs III
Climent III
Klement III.
Pave Clemens 3.
Clemens III. (Papst)
Clemens III
Clemente III
Klemente III.a
کلمنت سوم
Clément III
Clemente III, papa
교황 클레멘스 3세
Paus Klemens III
Papa Clemente III
Paus Clemens III
კლემენტ III
Papa Klementi III
Clemens III
Klements III
Klemensas III
Папа Климент III
पोप तिसरा क्लेमेंट
كليمينت التالت
Paus Clemens III
クレメンス3世 (ローマ教皇)
Klemens III
Klemens III
Papa Clemente III
Papa Clement al III-lea
Климент III (папа римский)
Klemens III
Clemens III
Clemente III
สมเด็จพระสันตะปาปาคลีเมนต์ที่ 3
Климент III
Giáo hoàng Clêmentê III
Papa Clemente III
Pope Clement III
克勉三世 | 467,991,967 | 2011-12-27T23:15:55 | Pope Clement III | 2,011 |
31,686,779 | == Welcome ==
Welcome!
Hello, Nabeel the best of all, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Unfortunately, one or more of the pages you created may not conform to some of Wikipedia's guidelines, and may soon be deleted.
There's a page about creating articles you may want to read called Your first article. If you are stuck, and looking for help, please come to the New contributors' help page, where experienced Wikipedians can answer any queries you have! Or, you can just type on this page, and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Here are a few other good links for newcomers:
Starting an article
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I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you have any questions, check out Questions or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! – GorillaWarfare talk • contribs | 427,618,445 | 2011-05-05T18:12:27 | Nabeel the best of all | 2,011 |
31,686,781 | == Welcome to Wikipedia ==
Welcome!
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are some pages you might like to see:
The five pillars of Wikipedia
Help pages
Tutorial
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You are welcome to continue editing articles without logging in, but many editors recommend that you . Doing so is free, requires no personal information, and provides several benefits such as the ability to create articles. For a full outline and explanation of the benefits that come with creating an account, please see this page. If you edit without a username, your IP address (209.23.152.154) is used to identify you instead.
In any case, I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your comments on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~); this will automatically produce your IP address (or username if you're logged in) and the date. If you need help, check out Questions, ask me on my talk page, or ask your question and then place before the question on this page. Again, welcome!
tedder (talk) | 427,618,467 | 2011-05-05T18:12:42 | 209.23.152.154 | 2,011 |
22,363,934 | Sir Percy Carter Buck (25 March 1871 – 3 October 1947) was an English music educator, writer, organist, and composer. He was born in London, and studied at Merchant Taylors' School and the Royal College of Music. He was the church organist at Worcester College, Oxford (1891–4), Wells Cathedral (1896–9), and Bristol Cathedral (1899–1901). He was then appointed as director of music at Harrow School, and held that post until 1927. From 1910 to 1920, he was Professor of Music at Trinity College, Dublin; this was a non-residential post.
In 1925, Buck became the King Edward Professor of Music in the University of London; he was also teaching at the Royal College of Music. From 1927 to 1936, he was music adviser to the London County Council. He received a knighthood in 1937, on retiring from his post of Professor in London.
Buck's compositions include a piano quintet, a string quintet, a violin sonata, a piano quartet, three organ sonatas, and several piano pieces and songs. He edited The English Psalter (London, 1925) with Charles Macpherson. The manuscripts of his early works were destroyed during the Second World War. He is possibly best remembered for his Oxford Song Book (1929), and his Psychology for Musicians (1944).
==Writings==
The Organ: a Complete Method for the Study of Technique and Style (London, 1909)
Unfigured Harmony (Oxford, 1911)
Organ Playing (London, 1912)
Acoustics for Musicians (Oxford, 1918)
The Scope of Music (Oxford, 1924)
A History of Music (London, 1929)
Psychology for Musicians (London, 1944)
==External links==
Colles, H.C., and Turner, Malcolm. "Buck, Sir Percy (Carter)". Grove Music Online (subscription access).
Chant 62
1871 births
1947 deaths
Old Merchant Taylors
Alumni of the Royal College of Music
British music educators
English composers
English classical organists
Cathedral organists | 412,487,104 | 2011-02-07T06:19:22 | Percy Buck | 2,011 |
29,046,633 | 461,327,964 | 2011-11-18T20:27:40 | Evstafi class battleship | 2,011 |
End of preview. Expand
in Dataset Viewer.
Dataset Card for Dataset Name
This is a Wikipedia dataset correct to "31-12-2011".
Dataset Details
Dataset Description
WikiMedia routinely publishes dumps of Wikipedia, each containing the revision history of articles. We first defined the relevant revision before extracting the article information. Specifically, we select the most recent revision as of December 31st for each year. Consequently, some revisions in our datasets date back several years from the target date since these pages haven't been edited. While this inclusion of older revisions might initially appear problematic, it is important to note that these are the existing versions of Wikipedia pages as of the cutoff date. The content of these pages was considered current enough at that time. This approach ensures that our training datasets reflect the most up-to-date information available on Wikipedia at each year's end, providing a realistic snapshot of knowledge for that specific point in time.
Once each revision has been identified we clean the page using the code from \textit{wiki-dump-reader} \footnote{https://github.com/CyberZHG/wiki-dump-reader/tree/master}, which parses the page and outputs clean text. During the cleaning phase a number of unwanted features and attributes are removed: file links, emphasises, comments, indents, HTML, references etc.
- Language(s): English
- License: cc-by-sa-3.0
Uses
Diachronic studies of Wikipedia, historical LLM pre-training, and any task that requires strict temporal partitioning of data.
Dataset Structure
The dataset is saved in a format that is suitable for fast loading of large files and is compatible with the Huggingface datasets framework.
Bias, Risks, and Limitations
This dataset does include all Wikipedia articles, some of which might not be useful to the end user. Filtering of relevant articles may be necessary for downstream tasks.
Dataset Card Contact
Acknowledgments
We are grateful to Graphcore, and their team, for their support in providing us with compute for this project. The first author was funded by the Economic and Social Research Council of the UK via the Grand Union DTP. This work was supported in part by a grant from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/T023333/1). We are also grateful to the Oxford-Man Institute of Quantitative Finance and the Oxford e-Research Centre for their support.
Citation
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{drinkall-tima-2024, title = "Time Machine GPT", author = "Drinkall, Felix and Zohren, Stefan and Pierrehumbert, Janet", booktitle = "Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: NAACL 2024", month = june, year = "2024", publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics" }
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