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The mTOR inhibitor everolimus induces proteinuria and renal deterioration in the remnant kidney model in the rat. | BACKGROUND
Under certain circumstances the nonnephrotoxic, antiproliferative, immunosuppressive mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors can cause renal deterioration and proteinuria after conversion from calcineurin inhibitors, especially in long-term renal transplant patients with low glomerular filtration rates. The mTOR inhibitors also show an impaired glomerular healing reaction during acute renal injury in experimental mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis. In this study, everolimus treatment was investigated in a low nephron number model, the remnant kidney model in rats.
METHODS
The remnant kidney model was induced by uninephrectomy and infarction of 2/3 of the remaining kidney in 31 male Sprague-Dawley rats. Three days after disease induction, rats were randomly treated either with everolimus or vehicle. Changes in progression of renal disease were investigated by immunohistochemistry on days 22 and 38 after disease induction.
RESULTS
In the remnant kidney model, everolimus treatment worsened chronic disease progression as assessed by increased proteinuria, glomerulosclerosis, interstitial fibrosis, glomerular inflammation as well as decreased creatinine-clearance. This result was due to a markedly increased fraction of glomeruli with a defective glomerular architecture in the everolimus group. Everolimus apparently inhibited the chronic glomerular repair reaction via inhibition of the proliferative but not apoptotic activity of the glomerular endothelial and mesangial cells, which was associated with reduced glomerular vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA and protein. In contrast, the fraction of glomeruli with an intact glomerular architecture within the everolimus group showed clearly less glomerular enlargement compared to vehicle-treated nephrectomy rats.
CONCLUSION
This study demonstrates potential mechanisms of mTOR inhibitor induced renal deterioration and proteinuria in the low nephron number remnant kidney model. | 10.1097/01.tp.0000282866.92367.99 | 18,091,526 | D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004727:Endothelium; D000068338:Everolimus; D005920:Glomerular Mesangium; D007674:Kidney Diseases; D008297:Male; D011494:Protein Kinases; D011507:Proteinuria; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020123:Sirolimus; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D013927:Thrombosis; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D014945:Wound Healing | Transplantation | 2,007 | D012333:RNA, Messenger; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D000068338:Everolimus; D011494:Protein Kinases; C546845:mTOR protein, rat; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D020123:Sirolimus |
An integrated framework of spatiotemporal dynamics of binocular rivalry. | Fluctuations in perceptual dominance during binocular rivalry exhibit several hallmark characteristics. First, dominance switches are not periodic but, instead, stochastic: perception changes unpredictably. Second, despite being stochastic, average durations of rivalry dominance vary dependent on the strength of the rival stimuli: variations in contrast, luminance, or spatial frequency produce predictable changes in average dominance durations and, hence, in alternation rate. Third, perceptual switches originate locally and spread globally over time, sometimes as traveling waves of dominance: rivalry transitions are spatiotemporal events. This essay (1) reviews recent advances in our understanding of the bases of these three hallmark characteristics of binocular rivalry dynamics and (2) provides an integrated framework to account for those dynamics using cooperative and competitive spatial interactions among local neural circuits distributed over the visual field's retinotopic map. We close with speculations about how that framework might incorporate top-down influences on rivalry dynamics. | 10.3389/fnhum.2011.00088 | 21,941,473 | Frontiers in human neuroscience | 2,011 | ||
Changes in spatial collagen content and collagen network architecture in porcine articular cartilage during growth and maturation. | OBJECTIVES
The present study was designed to reveal changes in the collagen network architecture and collagen content in cartilage during growth and maturation of pigs.
METHODS
Femoral groove articular cartilage specimens were collected from 4-, 11- and 21-month-old domestic pigs (n=12 in each group). The animal care conditions were kept constant throughout the study. Polarized light microscopy was used to determine the collagen fibril network birefringence, fibril orientation and parallelism. Infrared spectroscopy was used to monitor changes in the spatial collagen content in cartilage tissue.
RESULTS
During growth, gradual alterations were recorded in the collagen network properties. At 4 months of age, a major part of the collagen fibrils was oriented parallel to the cartilage surface throughout the tissue. However, the fibril orientation changed considerably as skeletal maturation progressed. At 21 months of age, the fibrils of the deep zone cartilage ran predominantly at right angles to the cartilage surface. The collagen content increased and its depthwise distribution changed during growth and maturation. A significant increase of the collagen network birefringence was observed in the deep tissue at the age of 21 months.
CONCLUSIONS
The present study revealed dynamic changes of the collagen network during growth and maturation of the pigs. The structure of the collagen network of young pigs gradually approached a network with the classical Benninghoff architecture. The probable explanation for the alterations is growth of the bone epiphysis with simultaneous adaptation of the cartilage to increased joint loading. The maturation of articular cartilage advances gradually with age and offers, in principle, the possibility to influence the quality of the tissue, especially by habitual joint loading. These observations in porcine cartilage may be of significance with respect to the maturation of human articular cartilage. | 10.1016/j.joca.2008.09.004 | 18,849,174 | D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D002358:Cartilage, Articular; D003094:Collagen; D005260:Female; D008859:Microscopy, Polarization; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D034421:Sus scrofa | Osteoarthritis and cartilage | 2,009 | D003094:Collagen |
Synthesis and preliminary evaluation of (R,R)(S,S) 5-(2-(2-[4-(2-[(18)F]fluoroethoxy)phenyl]-1-methylethylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl)-benzene-1,3-diol ([(18)F]FEFE) for the in vivo visualisation and quantification of the beta2-adrenergic receptor status in lung. | The (18)F-labeled beta2-adrenergic receptor ligand (R,R)(S,S) 5-(2-(2-[4-(2-[(18)F]fluoroethoxy)phenyl]-1-methylethylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl)-benzene-1,3-diol, a derivative of the original highly selective racemic fenoterol, was synthesized in an overall radiochemical yield of 20% after 65 min with a radiochemical purity higher than 98%. The specific activity was in the range of 50-60 GBq/micromol. In vitro testing of the non-radioactive fluorinated fenoterol derivative with isolated guinea pig trachea was conducted to obtain an IC(50) value of 60 nM. Preliminary ex vivo organ distribution and in vivo experiments with positron emission tomography (PET) on guinea pigs were performed to study the biodistribution as well as the displacement of the radiotracer to prove specific binding to the beta2-receptor. | 10.1016/s0960-894x(03)00538-9 | 12,873,495 | D000818:Animals; D005280:Fenoterol; D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008168:Lung; D008956:Models, Chemical; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2; D013552:Swine; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters | 2,003 | D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2; D005280:Fenoterol |
The thyrotrophic role of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) in the early stages of twin (versus single) pregnancies. | OBJECTIVE
Human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) is known to possess thyroid-stimulating activity. The aim of the present study was to assess the role of hCG in stimulating the maternal thyroid gland in the early stages of normal gestation.
STUDY DESIGN
Thirty euthyroid healthy women were investigated prospectively. In each, conception had been assisted by in vitro fertilization techniques, which allowed for the precise determination of gestational age. Women were subdivided into single (n = 17) and twin (n = 13) pregnancies. Serum intact hCG and its free alpha and beta subunits, TSH and free T4 concentrations were measured at 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 15, 19, 22 and 32 weeks.
RESULTS
In twin pregnancies compared with single pregnancies, peak hCG concentrations (9-11 weeks) were significantly higher (mean +/- SE 171,000 +/- 12,500 vs 65,500 +/- 7600 U/l; P < 0.001), and also much more prolonged. Human CG concentrations above 75,000 U/l lasted for less than 1 week in single, compared with up to 6 weeks in twin pregnancies. Free beta-hCG subunit concentrations paralleled those of intact hCG in both groups. The ratios of free beta-hCG subunit/total hCG were similar in single and twin pregnancies, and did not vary with gestation time. Concerning thyroid function, twin pregnancy was more frequently associated with a lowering of TSH, which was also more profound than in single pregnancies. Furthermore, while free T4 levels remained normal in single pregnancies, they were transiently supranormal (up to 52 pmol/l) in four twin pregnancies.
CONCLUSION
In twin pregnancies the placenta produces larger amounts of hCG for a prolonged period of time than in single pregnancies. Both the amplitude and duration of hCG production (i.e. the global exposure of the thyroid gland to hCG) are responsible for increased thyroidal stimulation, leading more frequently to increased free T4 and suppressed TSH levels. The results emphasize the role of hCG in stimulating maternal thyroid function in the first trimester of pregnancy. Even though the production of a variant hCG molecule with potent thyrotrophic activity cannot be excluded, this hypothesis is not required to explain the data. Clinicians should be aware of the frequent occurrence of significant but transient biochemical hyperthyroidism associated with hCG stimulation in the early stages of gestation, particularly in twin pregnancies. | 10.1046/j.1365-2265.1997.2011011.x | 9,274,703 | D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D018997:Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D015292:Glycoprotein Hormones, alpha Subunit; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D011272:Pregnancy, Multiple; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013972:Thyrotropin; D013974:Thyroxine; D014427:Twins | Clinical endocrinology | 1,997 | D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D018997:Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human; D015292:Glycoprotein Hormones, alpha Subunit; D013972:Thyrotropin; D013974:Thyroxine |
Relationship between iron status and exercise in male and female growing rats. | Weanling rats of both sexes were fed for 6 weeks diets containing 42, 17 or 7 ppm iron to produce adequate, moderately deficient and severely deficient iron status, respectively. At each level of iron, rats were either sedentary, trained regularly on a treadmill or housed in activity wheel cages. The moderately and severely deficient rats of both sexes which were exercised regularly had slightly greater liver non-heme iron stores and slightly higher hematologic values than sedentary rats. In the adequately nourished rats, exercise enhanced iron stores but had no effect on hematologic status. Rats were tested for physical work performance by a graded treadmill test every 2 weeks. Compared to adequately nourished rats, moderately iron-deficient rats had lower liver iron stores and slightly lower hematological values, but growth rate, heart size, spontaneous activity and treadmill performance were unaffected by the deficiency. Severely deficient rats, compared to adequately nourished rats, had depressed growth rate (82%), cardiac hypertrophy (14%) and lower hematologic values. Treadmill performance of male rats, in contrast to females, was more negatively affected by severe iron deficiency. | 10.1093/jn/111.9.1648 | 7,277,042 | D000818:Animals; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005260:Female; D006128:Growth; D006321:Heart; D006454:Hemoglobins; D007501:Iron; D000090463:Iron Deficiencies; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D009929:Organ Size; D005082:Physical Exertion; D051381:Rats; D012737:Sex Factors | The Journal of nutrition | 1,981 | D006454:Hemoglobins; D007501:Iron |
[Panuveitis as a possible ophthalmic complication of Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease]. | CLINICAL CASE
A 37 year old female with histologically proven Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease is presented. She developed panuveitis, vasculitis and subretinal macular infiltrate, probably as a recurrence of the disease. Immunosuppressive treatment (methotrexate) was initiated in the absence of response to systemic steroid therapy and threat to vision owing to macular involvement.
DISCUSSION
Ophthalmic complications of Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease are unusual. We discuss differential diagnosis and emphasize the aggresiveness of our case. | 10.4321/s0365-66912005000100008 | 15,692,893 | D000328:Adult; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D004596:Electroretinography; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D020042:Histiocytic Necrotizing Lymphadenitis; D006801:Humans; D008727:Methotrexate; D015864:Panuveitis; D031300:Retinal Vasculitis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity | Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmologia | 2,005 | D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D008727:Methotrexate |
Discontinuation syndrome in newborns whose mothers took antidepressants while pregnant or breastfeeding. | OBJECTIVE
This study compared mothers' report of symptoms of discontinuation syndrome in infants exposed to antidepressants both in utero and during lactation to infants who were exposed only during lactation.
STUDY DESIGN
This is a convenience sample of 930 women breastfeeding women who answered an online questionnaire about antidepressant use while pregnant and breastfeeding. All 930 women had taken antidepressants while breastfeeding, and 527 had also taken antidepressants during pregnancy. There were no participants in the present study who had taken antidepressants only during pregnancy. The questionnaire was posted on the first author's Medications and Breastfeeding Forum. There was no advertising of this study, nor were efforts made to recruit women into this study beyond posting a notice on the website. The questionnaire included a list of symptoms that mothers may have observed in their infants during the newborn period, as well as demographic questions, and questions about antidepressant use during pregnancy and lactation.
RESULTS
The majority of women reported that their infants never experienced the symptoms of discontinuation syndrome. Twenty-five percent reported infant irritability. A smaller percentage reported inconsolable crying (17%), low body temperature (14%), and significant problems with eating and sleeping (15%). Logistic regression revealed that mothers who took antidepressants while pregnant and then during breastfeeding were two to eight times more likely to report symptoms of discontinuation syndrome than women who took them only while breastfeeding. Discontinuation symptoms were more likely to occur in infants whose mothers took medications with shorter half-lives.
CONCLUSIONS
Discontinuation syndrome does occur in a small percentage of infants exposed to antidepressants in utero. Mothers reported a higher frequency of discontinuation syndrome after in utero exposure followed by breastfeeding than when infants were exposed to antidepressants only during lactation. | 10.1089/bfm.2010.0011 | 20,807,106 | D000328:Adult; D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D001942:Breast Feeding; D003866:Depressive Disorder; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008895:Milk, Human; D009357:Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult | Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine | 2,010 | D000928:Antidepressive Agents |
Validation of the surgical pain scales in women undergoing pelvic reconstructive surgery. | OBJECTIVE
Surgical pain scales (SPS) consist of 4 items that measure pain at rest, during normal activities, and during work/exercise and quantify unpleasantness of worst pain, which are valid and responsive in men undergoing hernia repair. Our objective was to evaluate the psychometric properties of SPS in women undergoing vaginal surgery for pelvic organ prolapse and stress urinary incontinence.
METHODS
We modified SPS by converting original response scales from a visual analog scale to numerical rating scales. Numerical rating scales have lower error rates and higher validity than visual analog scale. The sample included 169 women with stage II to IV pelvic organ prolapse and stress urinary incontinence in a randomized trial comparing sacrospinous ligament fixation to uterosacral vault suspension with and without pelvic floor muscle training. Participants completed SPS and SF-36 at baseline, and 2 weeks and 6 months after surgery. Construct validity and responsiveness were examined in cross-sectional and longitudinal data using Pearson correlation and analysis of variance.
RESULTS
Pain at rest, during normal activities, and during work/exercise worsened at 2 weeks (P<0.05); and all measures of pain improved from baseline to 6 months (P<0.0001). Construct validity was demonstrated by correlations of 0.51 to 0.74 between SPS and the SF-36 Bodily Pain Scale (P<0.0001). Pain worsened on SF-36 between baseline and 2 weeks in 63% of the participants, and this group demonstrated a mean (SD) increase in pain of 1.9 (2.8) on the SPS (effect size, 0.99), confirming responsiveness of the scale.
CONCLUSIONS
The modified SPS are valid and responsive in women after pelvic reconstructive surgery. | 10.1097/SPV.0b013e31825d65aa | 22,777,367 | D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Pain, Postoperative; D056887:Pelvic Organ Prolapse; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012146:Rest; D014550:Urinary Incontinence, Stress | Female pelvic medicine & reconstructive surgery | 2,012 | |
Serum magnesium and C-reactive protein levels. | OBJECTIVE
To assess the hypothesis that magnesium deficiency is associated with elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels.
DESIGN
Community-based cross-sectional study.
SETTING
488 apparently healthy children aged 10-13 years were randomly enrolled from Durango, a city in northern Mexico, through two-stage cluster sampling.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Serum magnesium and hsCRP levels, lipid profile, glucose and insulin levels.
RESULTS
A total of 109 (22.3%) and 101 (20.7%) children had elevated hsCRP concentrations and low serum magnesium levels; among them, 87.1% exhibited both. Children who had both elevated hsCRP levels (2.45 (10.6) mg/l) and hypomagnesemia (1.3 (0.3) mg/dl) exhibit the highest fasting glucose (96.0 (13.9) mg/dl), insulin (13.6 (7.5) microU/ml) and triglycerides (131.5 (43.5) mg/dl) levels as well as the lowest HDL-cholesterol (46.4 (9.0) mg/dl) levels. Adjusted multivariate logistic regression analysis showed a strong association between low serum magnesium and high hsCRP levels (odds ratio 4.1; 95% confidence interval 1.3 to 10.8).
CONCLUSIONS
Magnesium depletion is independently associated with elevated hsCRP levels, suggesting that hypomagnesemia and low-grade inflammation are interactive risk factors. | 10.1136/adc.2006.109371 | 17,641,003 | D000293:Adolescent; D001786:Blood Glucose; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D002648:Child; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008274:Magnesium; D008275:Magnesium Deficiency; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico; D009765:Obesity; D050177:Overweight; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014280:Triglycerides | Archives of disease in childhood | 2,008 | D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D008274:Magnesium |
New insights into aluminum tolerance in rice: the ASR5 protein binds the STAR1 promoter and other aluminum-responsive genes. | Aluminum (Al) toxicity in plants is one of the primary constraints in crop production. Al³⁺, the most toxic form of Al, is released into soil under acidic conditions and causes extensive damage to plants, especially in the roots. In rice, Al tolerance requires the ASR5 gene, but the molecular function of ASR5 has remained unknown. Here, we perform genome-wide analyses to identify ASR5-dependent Al-responsive genes in rice. Based on ASR5_RNAi silencing in plants, a global transcriptome analysis identified a total of 961 genes that were responsive to Al treatment in wild-type rice roots. Of these genes, 909 did not respond to Al in the ASR5_RNAi plants, indicating a central role for ASR5 in Al-responsive gene expression. Under normal conditions, without Al treatment, the ASR5_RNAi plants expressed 1.756 genes differentially compared to the wild-type plants, and 446 of these genes responded to Al treatment in the wild-type plants. Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by deep sequencing identified 104 putative target genes that were directly regulated by ASR5 binding to their promoters, including the STAR1 gene, which encodes an ABC transporter required for Al tolerance. Motif analysis of the binding peak sequences revealed the binding motif for ASR5, which was confirmed via in vitro DNA-binding assays using the STAR1 promoter. These results demonstrate that ASR5 acts as a key transcription factor that is essential for Al-responsive gene expression and Al tolerance in rice. | 10.1093/mp/sst160 | 24,253,199 | D000535:Aluminum; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D012275:Oryza; D010940:Plant Proteins; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011485:Protein Binding | Molecular plant | 2,014 | D010940:Plant Proteins; D000535:Aluminum |
Relocation of a malpositioned maxillary implant with piezoelectric osteotomies: a case report. | Implant relocation is a new surgical technique for correcting the alignment of malpositioned implants by mobilizing them with the surrounding bone until the desired position is achieved. In this case report, a 25-year-old woman was treated for the malposition of an implant in the maxillary left canine site. The use of a piezoelectric scalpel permits narrow, precise, and safe osteotomies, thus preventing involvement of the soft tissue and producing better healing potential compared to burs or saws. The results suggest that inadequately axially inclined implants can be successfully reconfigured using segmental piezoelectric osteotomies. | 18,991,000 | D000328:Adult; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D003442:Crowns; D003481:Cuspid; D000044:Dental Abutments; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous; D015921:Dental Implants; D019094:Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008437:Maxilla; D016348:Osseointegration; D010027:Osteotomy; D012086:Reoperation; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D014945:Wound Healing | The International journal of periodontics & restorative dentistry | 2,008 | D015921:Dental Implants |
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Structures of two cockroach neuropeptides assigned by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. | Amino acid sequences have been assigned to two cockroach neuropeptides (greater than Glu-Val-Asn-Phe-Ser-Pro-Asn-Trp-NH2, M I, and greater than Glu-Leu-Thr-Phe-Thr-Pro-Asn-Trp-NH2, M II) by application of fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, including high resolution and linked scan (metastable) studies. The peptides show considerable homology with two other invertebrate neuropeptides, adipokinetic hormone (AKH, from a locust) and red pigment concentrating hormone (RPCH, from a prawn), whose fast atom bombardment spectra were also studied. M I and M II are thus members of a family of structurally-related invertebrate neuropeptides. | 10.1016/0006-291x(84)91560-2 | 6,548,628 | D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D003058:Cockroaches; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D009479:Neuropeptides | Biochemical and biophysical research communications | 1,984 | D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D009479:Neuropeptides; C043192:glutamyl-valyl-asparaginyl-phenylalanyl-seryl-prolyl-asparaginyl-tryptophanamide; C043191:glutamyl-leucyl-threonyl-phenylalanyl-threonyl-prolyl-asparaginyl-tryptophanamide |
Effects of a glandless cottonseed protein diet on fasting plasma amino acid levels in college women. | Plasma amino acids were determined and correlated to the level of dietary amino acids consumed over a 42-day period. Six college women, ages 19 to 23, were fed meals in which 99% of the dietary protein was supplied by glandless cottonseed flour. The protein content was decreased weekly from 14.6 to 9.9, 8.7, 7.5, 6.9, and 6.3 g nitrogen per day, until that amount was found that would not maintain nitrogen equilibrium. Fasting blood samples were obtained after subjects had consumed a specific protein level for 1 week. Significant (P less than 0.05) decreases in fasting plasma free amino acid levels occurred from day 0 to 7 of the study for threonine, proline, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, and lysine. There were no significant differences in these plasma amino acids thereafter. Of the essential amino acids, leucine, valine, histidine, and lysine appeared to have similar graphical trends between the plasma and dietary amino acid concentrations over the entire 6-week period. However, only leucine had a significant (P less than 0.05) correlation. Results indicated that fasting plasma free amino acid concentrations of young women on a cottonseed protein diet appear to drop initially, but rarely fall beyond the realms of normal values during nitrogen equilibrium. | 10.1093/ajcn/33.2.287 | 6,892,588 | D000328:Adult; D000596:Amino Acids; D000601:Amino Acids, Essential; D003369:Cottonseed Oil; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010940:Plant Proteins | The American journal of clinical nutrition | 1,980 | D000596:Amino Acids; D000601:Amino Acids, Essential; D003369:Cottonseed Oil; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins |
[Evaluation of the usefulness of palpation and Daniel's biopsy for detection of metastasis to supraclavicular and scalene lymph nodes in patients with lung neoplasms]. | In 169 patients with lung cancer the usefulness of physical examination and Daniel's biopsy in detection of metastases to supraclavicular and scalene lymph nodes were evaluated. In 35 patients with palpable lymph nodes and in 25 patients with nonpalpable lymph nodes metastases were confirmed by histological examination. The sensitivity, the specificity and the likelihood ratio of physical examination in detection lymph nodes metastases were respectively: 58%, 86% and 4.1. In 6 patients (5%) among 119 with nonpalpable lymph nodes the positive Daniel's biopsy was the diagnostic procedure. In 5 patients with non-small carcinoma and in 3 patients with malignant mesothelioma positive results of Daniel's biopsy enabled a change of cancer staging and giving up the eventual surgical operation. | 8,983,444 | D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D002277:Carcinoma; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008175:Lung Neoplasms; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008654:Mesothelioma; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010173:Palpation; D010997:Pleural Neoplasms; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity | Pneumonologia i alergologia polska | 1,996 | ||
Energy expenditure in young adult urban informal settlement dwellers in South Africa. | Obesity prevalences are increasing in industrialized and developing countries. As a pilot for a comparative study of physical activity and weight change, we assessed energy expenditure (EE) in young black South African adults living in an urban informal settlement. Total EE (TEE) was assessed using doubly labeled water, activity EE (AEE) and activity patterns by accelerometry and body composition by isotope dilution. Twenty young women and eight men were enrolled. Over 50% of the women and no men were obese (mean BMI 31.0 and 21.6 kg/m(2), respectively). Women had significantly lower TEE and AEE after adjustment for body size, as well as lower levels of moderate and vigorous activity. Neither TEE nor AEE was associated with BMI or percent body fat, whereas percent time in vigorous activity was modestly negatively associated with adiposity. These data add to the small literature on EE and activity among populations undergoing epidemiologic transitions. | 10.1038/ejcn.2008.75 | 19,156,156 | D000328:Adult; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity; D010865:Pilot Projects; D015995:Prevalence; D012737:Sex Factors; D013019:South Africa; D013997:Time Factors; D014504:Urban Health; D055815:Young Adult | European journal of clinical nutrition | 2,009 | |
An open-label, single-dose, parallel-group study of the effects of chronic hepatic impairment on the safety and pharmacokinetics of desvenlafaxine. | BACKGROUND
Many antidepressants are extensively metabolized in the liver, requiring dose adjustments in individuals with hepatic impairment. Clinical studies indicate that the serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor desvenlafaxine is metabolized primarily via glucuronidation, and ∼45% is eliminated unchanged in urine.
OBJECTIVE
The objectives of this study were to assess the pharmacokinetic profile, safety, and tolerability of desvenlafaxine in adults with chronic Child-Pugh class A, B, and C hepatic impairment.
METHODS
Subjects (aged 18-65 years) with mild (Child-Pugh class A, n = 8), moderate (Child-Pugh class B, n = 8), and severe (Child-Pugh class C, n = 8) hepatic impairment and 12 healthy matched subjects received a single 100-mg oral dose of desvenlafaxine. Disposition of (R)-, (S)-, and (R+S)-enantiomers of desvenlafaxine were examined in plasma and urine. Geometric least squares (GLS) mean ratios and 90% CIs for AUC, AUC0-τ, Cmax, and Cl/F were calculated; comparisons were made by using a 1-factor ANOVA. Safety was evaluated according to adverse events, physical examination, vital signs, and laboratory assessments.
RESULTS
Healthy participants had a mean age of 51 years (range, 36-62 years) and weight of 79.1 kg (range, 52.5-105.0 kg); hepatically impaired participants had a mean age of 52 years (range, 31-65 years) and weight of 80.9 kg (range, 50.2-119.5 kg). In both groups, 67% of participants were male. No statistically significant differences (≥50%) in the disposition of desvenlafaxine were detected between hepatically impaired patients and healthy subjects based on GLS mean ratios for Cmax, AUC0-τ, AUC, or Cl/F (P > 0.05 for each comparison). Median Tmax was similar for all groups (range, 6-9 hours). A nonsignificant increase was observed for desvenlafaxine exposure in patients with moderate or severe hepatic impairment (GLS mean ratios [90% CIs] for AUC, 31% [93.2-184], 35% [96.5-190], respectively). The most common adverse events were nausea (n = 2, healthy subjects; n = 3, hepatically impaired subjects) and vomiting (n = 1, healthy subjects; n = 2, hepatically impaired subjects).
CONCLUSIONS
A single 100-mg dose of desvenlafaxine was well tolerated in healthy subjects and hepatically impaired patients. A mild increase in exposure was observed for moderate and severe hepatically impaired subjects (Child-Pugh class B and C). | 23,623,756 | D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D003511:Cyclohexanols; D000069468:Desvenlafaxine Succinate; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver; D008107:Liver Diseases; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014179:Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; D055815:Young Adult | Clinical therapeutics | 2,013 | D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D003511:Cyclohexanols; D014179:Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; D000069468:Desvenlafaxine Succinate |
|
CT diagnosis of acquired intercostal lung herniation. | Intercostal lung herniation is a rare complication of trauma, best demonstrated by computed tomography. Most intercostal lung herniations are the result of direct trauma to the chest wall or occur at sites of prior percutaneously placed chest tubes. We present two cases of acquired intercostal lung herniation. | 10.1016/0899-7071(95)00098-4 | 9,095,384 | D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006547:Hernia; D006801:Humans; D008171:Lung Diseases; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013352:Subcutaneous Emphysema; D013898:Thoracic Injuries; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed | Clinical imaging | 1,997 | |
Association of marijuana smoking with oropharyngeal and oral tongue cancers: pooled analysis from the INHANCE consortium. | BACKGROUND
The incidence of oropharyngeal and oral tongue cancers has increased over the last 20 years which parallels increased use of marijuana among individuals born after 1950.
METHODS
A pooled analysis was conducted comprising individual-level data from nine case-control studies from the United States and Latin America in the INHANCE consortium. Self-reported information on marijuana smoking, demographic, and behavioral factors was obtained from 1,921 oropharyngeal cases, 356 oral tongue cases, and 7,639 controls.
RESULTS
Compared with never marijuana smokers, ever marijuana smokers had an elevated risk of oropharyngeal [adjusted OR (aOR), 1.24; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06-1.47] and a reduced risk of oral tongue cancer (aOR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.29, 0.75). The risk of oropharyngeal cancer remained elevated among never tobacco and alcohol users. The risk of oral tongue cancer was reduced among never users of tobacco and alcohol. Sensitivity analysis adjusting for potential confounding by HPV exposure attenuated the association of marijuana use with oropharyngeal cancer (aOR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.71-1.25), but had no effect on the oral tongue cancer association.
CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that the association of marijuana use with head and neck carcinoma may differ by tumor site.
IMPACT
The associations of marijuana use with oropharyngeal and oral tongue cancer are consistent with both possible pro- and anticarcinogenic effects of cannabinoids. Additional work is needed to rule out various sources of bias, including residual confounding by HPV infection and misclassification of marijuana exposure. | 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-13-0181 | 24,351,902 | D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007843:Latin America; D008297:Male; D008385:Marijuana Smoking; D008875:Middle Aged; D009959:Oropharyngeal Neoplasms; D012307:Risk Factors; D000077195:Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; D064424:Tobacco Use; D014062:Tongue Neoplasms; D014481:United States | Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology | 2,014 | |
Density gradients at hydrogel interfaces for enhanced cell penetration. | We report that stiffness gradients facilitate infiltration of cells through otherwise cell-impermeable hydrogel interfaces. By enabling the separation of hydrogel manufacturing and cell seeding, and by improving cell colonization of additively manufactured hydrogel elements, interfacial density gradients present a promising strategy to progress in the creation of 3D tissue models. | 10.1039/c4bm00416g | 26,222,418 | D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D020100:Hydrogels | Biomaterials science | 2,015 | D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D020100:Hydrogels |
Characterization of putative stem cell populations in the cornea using synchrotron infrared microspectroscopy. | PURPOSE
High-resolution synchrotron radiation-based Fourier transform infrared (SR-FTIR) microspectroscopy coupled with multivariate analysis was used to investigate the characteristics of putative adult stem cell (SC), transiently amplified (TA) cell, and terminally differentiated (TD) cell populations of the corneal epithelium.
METHODS
Spectra of individual cells in situ in cryosections of bovine cornea were collected by using a synchrotron microspectroscopy facility at Daresbury Laboratory (United Kingdom). The resultant spectra were analyzed by multivariate analysis.
RESULTS
The median spectra of the three different cell populations showed marked differences, which correlated with their degree of differentiation and proliferative capacity. Multivariate (principal component) analysis (PCA) showed that the three cell populations could be segregated into discrete clusters, with only a slight overlap between the SC and TA cell populations. Further analysis (Mann-Whitney test) indicated that the most significant (P<0.001) spectral differences between the SC and TA cell populations were chiefly associated with changes in nucleic acid conformation.
CONCLUSIONS
SR-FTIR microspectroscopy coupled with PCA appears to enable the identification of SC, TA cell, and TD cell populations. The results also suggest that a small subpopulation of cells in the corneal epithelial SC niche possess TA cell-like characteristics. The most significant spectral characteristics associated with the SCs appear to relate to differences in nucleic acid conformation. This finding is consistent with recent theories suggesting that the control of differentiation is related to major changes in chromatin structure. | 10.1167/iovs.05-1254 | 16,723,451 | D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D017357:Cyclotrons; D019573:Epithelium, Corneal; D016850:Limbus Corneae; D015591:Microspectrophotometry; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013234:Stem Cells | Investigative ophthalmology & visual science | 2,006 | |
Effects of a D-xylose preload with or without sitagliptin on gastric emptying, glucagon-like peptide-1, and postprandial glycemia in type 2 diabetes. | OBJECTIVE
Macronutrient "preloads" can reduce postprandial glycemia by slowing gastric emptying and stimulating glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion. An ideal preload would entail minimal additional energy intake and might be optimized by concurrent inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4). We evaluated the effects of a low-energy D-xylose preload, with or without sitagliptin, on gastric emptying, plasma intact GLP-1 concentrations, and postprandial glycemia in type 2 diabetes.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Twelve type 2 diabetic patients were studied on four occasions each. After 100 mg sitagliptin (S) or placebo (P) and an overnight fast, patients consumed a preload drink containing either 50 g D-xylose (X) or 80 mg sucralose (control [C]), followed after 40 min by a mashed potato meal labeled with (13)C-octanoate. Blood was sampled at intervals. Gastric emptying was determined.
RESULTS
Both peak blood glucose and the amplitude of glycemic excursion were lower after PX and SC than PC (P < 0.01 for each) and were lowest after SX (P < 0.05 for each), while overall blood glucose was lower after SX than PC (P < 0.05). The postprandial insulin-to-glucose ratio was attenuated (P < 0.05) and gastric emptying was slower (P < 0.01) after D-xylose, without any effect of sitagliptin. Plasma GLP-1 concentrations were higher after D-xylose than control only before the meal (P < 0.05) but were sustained postprandially when combined with sitagliptin (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
In type 2 diabetes, acute administration of a D-xylose preload reduces postprandial glycemia and enhances the effect of a DPP-4 inhibitor. | 10.2337/dc12-2294 | 23,359,361 | D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005746:Gastric Emptying; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019518:Postprandial Period; D011719:Pyrazines; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D000068900:Sitagliptin Phosphate; D014230:Triazoles; D014994:Xylose | Diabetes care | 2,013 | D001786:Blood Glucose; D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; D007328:Insulin; D011719:Pyrazines; D014230:Triazoles; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D014994:Xylose; D000068900:Sitagliptin Phosphate |
A new insight into viral proteins as Immunomodulatory therapeutic agents: KSHV vOX2 a homolog of human CD200 as a potent anti-inflammatory protein. | The physiologic function of the immune system is defense against infectious microbes and internal tumour cells, Therefore, need to have precise modulatory mechanisms to maintain the body homeostasis. The mammalian cellular CD200 (OX2)/CD200R interaction is one of such modulatory mechanisms in which myeloid and lymphoid cells are regulated. CD200 and CD200R molecules are membrane proteins that their immunomodulatory effects are able to suppress inflammatory responses, particularly in the privilege sites such as CNS and eyes. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), encodes a wide variety of immunoregulatory proteins which play central roles in modulating inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses in favour of virus dissemination. One such protein is a homologue of the, encoded by open reading frame (ORF) K14 and therefore called vOX2. Based on its gene expression profile during the KSHV life cycle, it is hypothesised that vOX2 modulates host inflammatory responses. Moreover, it seems that vOX2 involves in cell adhesion and modulates innate immunity and promotes Th2 immune responses. In this review the activities of mammalian CD200 and KSHV CD200 in cell adhesion and immune system modulation are reviewed in the context of potential therapeutic agents. | 27,096,058 | Iranian journal of basic medical sciences | 2,016 | |||
Evaluation of granulocyte transfusion in healthy neonatal pony foals. | Granulocyte transfusions (GT), 0.98 X 10(9) neutrophils/kg of body weight, were performed on 7 healthy pony foals between 2 and 7 days old. The mean neutrophil count of the foals was significantly (P less than 0.05) greater than base line (4,830 +/- 1,260/microliter) 1 hour after GT (8,870 +/- 3,350/microliter) and was similar to base line by 15 to 18 hours after GT (6,550 +/- 2,310/microliter). Leukocyte concentrates (LC) used for GT were harvested from clinically normal adult horses by continuous-flow centrifugation leukapheresis (CL), 3 to 6 hours after hydrocortisone sodium succinate was administered to increase the blood neutrophil count. The mean neutrophil count of the LC used for GT was 68,050 +/- 13,990/microliter, and the mean LC volume was 377.4 +/- 79.2 ml (14.82 +/- 3.54 ml/kg). The mean time required to collect the LC used for GT was 232.1 +/- 73.4 minutes. Neutrophils from LC had significantly reduced in vitro stimulated migration to zymosan-activated serum, when compared with peripheral blood neutrophils of the donors (P less than 0.05). Neutrophil phagocytosis and bactericidal capacity were not significantly changed in LC. Mean neutrophil migration indices were not significantly different in foals after GT. Mild depression and transient diarrhea was noticed in 1 foal 30 minutes after the start of the GT. The donor of LC for this foal and 1 other donor experienced depression, piloerection, and muscle tremors during CL, indicating that complement had been activated. Problems were eliminated by the use of new disposable plastic materials for blood processing in each CL procedure. | 3,631,706 | D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D005260:Female; D006098:Granulocytes; D006736:Horses; D007937:Leukapheresis; D008297:Male | American journal of veterinary research | 1,987 | ||
Results of high-density silicone oil as a tamponade agent in macular hole retinal detachment in patients with high myopia. | BACKGROUND
To evaluate the use of high-density silicone oil (HDSO) as a tamponade agent for retinal detachment secondary to myopic macular hole.
METHODS
12 eyes of 12 patients with macular hole retinal detachment underwent pars plana vitrectomy, internal limiting membrane peeling and HDSO tamponade. No posturing was required postoperatively and HDSO was removed 3-4 months later. Outcome measures included macular hole closure and retinal attachment rates, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and intraoperative and postoperative complications.
RESULTS
The mean age of the patients was 67.8 years and the mean spherical equivalent refractive error was -13.4 diopters. After the removal of HDSO, 10 (83%) eyes had macular hole closure with retinal reattachment without any tamponade. One eye had retinal reattachment after re-operation and the other refused further surgery. At the last follow-up, the median BCVA improved from 20/800 to 20/600 (p = 0.046). A transient increase in intraocular pressure was observed in 5 (42%) eyes and one eye each developed mild oil emulsification and transient peripheral choroidal detachment. None of the eyes was found to have severe intraocular inflammation postoperatively.
CONCLUSIONS
HDSO seemed to be an effective tamponade agent for myopic macular hole retinal detachment. Further prospective controlled studies seem warranted. | 10.1136/bjo.2006.111526 | 17,229,801 | D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019773:Epiretinal Membrane; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D047728:Myopia, Degenerative; D011312:Pressure; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012163:Retinal Detachment; D012167:Retinal Perforations; D012827:Silicone Oils; D014792:Visual Acuity; D014821:Vitrectomy | The British journal of ophthalmology | 2,007 | D012827:Silicone Oils |
Measurement of the activation of IL-2 on bone marrow by flow cytometry. | The changes of cell surface markers before and after activation by IL-2 were detected by flow cytometry (FCM) to establish a more convenient and precise criterion for the judgment of the activation of bone marrow. By using the measurement of the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) the cytotoxicity of mononuclear cells (MNCs) from bone marrow, activated or inactivated, on tumor cell line K562 was evaluated, and at the same time the changes of surface markers on MNCs before and after activation were examined by using FCM. The results showed that the cytotoxicity of MNCs from bone marrow activated by IL-2 on tumor cell line K562 was increased obviously and the number of CD25+ and CD70+ positive cells in bone marrow MNCs was higher than before activation. The enhanced cytotoxicity of MNCs on tumor cell line K562 was synchronous with the increase of the number of CD25+ and CD70+ positive cells in 48 to 72 h. It is more direct, simple and precise to demonstrate the activation of IL-2 on bone marrow by detecting the changes of the amount of the CD25+ and CD70+ positive cells in bone marrow by FCM. | 10.1007/BF02886958 | 12,938,513 | D001854:Bone Marrow Cells; D053282:CD27 Ligand; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007376:Interleukin-2; D053645:Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit | Journal of Tongji Medical University = Tong ji yi ke da xue xue bao | 1,999 | D053282:CD27 Ligand; D007376:Interleukin-2; D053645:Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit |
[DNA degradation of porcine retinal cells for estimation of postmortem interval]. | OBJECTIVE
To investigate DNA degradation of porcine retinal cells by single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) for estimation of postmortem interval (PMI).
METHODS
Degradation of retinal cells was observed by SCGE at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22 and 24h after death respectively, under the environmental conditions of being kept in dark place as well as a controlled temperature of (15 +/- 2) degrees C and humidity of (50 +/- 5)%. The comet pictures were captured by fluorescence microscope and analyzed by single cell gel electrophoresis (IMI 1.0).
RESULTS
From 2h to 24h postmortem, the degree of degradation of retinal DNA increased with the prolongation of PMI. The postmortem regression functions of head DNA%, L(T)/L(H), I(T)/I(H) were y = 92.227-5.188 x + 0.019 x2 + 0.001 x3 (R2 = 0.971), y = 0.035e(0.191x) (R2 = 0.947), y = 0.099e(0.264x) (R2 = 0.955), respectively.
CONCLUSION
The examination of retinal cell DNA degradation by SCGE is useful for estimating PMI. | 20,967,948 | D000818:Animals; D002467:Cell Nucleus; D020552:Comet Assay; D004247:DNA; D049429:Forensic Pathology; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D011180:Postmortem Changes; D012160:Retina; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors | Fa yi xue za zhi | 2,010 | D004247:DNA |
|
Conservation and functional importance of carbon-oxygen hydrogen bonding in AdoMet-dependent methyltransferases. | S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet)-based methylation is integral to metabolism and signaling. AdoMet-dependent methyltransferases belong to multiple distinct classes and share a catalytic mechanism that arose through convergent evolution; however, fundamental determinants underlying this shared methyl transfer mechanism remain undefined. A survey of high-resolution crystal structures reveals that unconventional carbon-oxygen (CH···O) hydrogen bonds coordinate the AdoMet methyl group in different methyltransferases irrespective of their class, active site structure, or cofactor binding conformation. Corroborating these observations, quantum chemistry calculations demonstrate that these charged interactions formed by the AdoMet sulfonium cation are stronger than typical CH···O hydrogen bonds. Biochemical and structural studies using a model lysine methyltransferase and an active site mutant that abolishes CH···O hydrogen bonding to AdoMet illustrate that these interactions are important for high-affinity AdoMet binding and transition-state stabilization. Further, crystallographic and NMR dynamics experiments of the wild-type enzyme demonstrate that the CH···O hydrogen bonds constrain the motion of the AdoMet methyl group, potentially facilitating its alignment during catalysis. Collectively, the experimental findings with the model methyltransferase and structural survey imply that methyl CH···O hydrogen bonding represents a convergent evolutionary feature of AdoMet-dependent methyltransferases, mediating a universal mechanism for methyl transfer. | 10.1021/ja407140k | 24,093,804 | D002244:Carbon; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D008780:Methyltransferases; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010100:Oxygen; D011789:Quantum Theory; D012436:S-Adenosylmethionine | Journal of the American Chemical Society | 2,013 | D002244:Carbon; D012436:S-Adenosylmethionine; D008780:Methyltransferases; D010100:Oxygen |
Effect of acetazolamide on rat gastric mucosal protection and stimulated bicarbonate secretion with 16,16-dimethyl PGE2. | The effect of pretreatment with acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, was studied on the mucosal protection provided by and the gastric alkaline secretion stimulated by 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2. Using a model employing a chamber of the rat whole stomach, 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (1 microgram/ml) was found to significantly (p less than 0.05) increase the secretion of bicarbonate by 31.1 +/- 4.1 mu Eq/hr over basal values. This stimulated secretion was inhibited (to 18.0 +/- 2.2 mu Eq/hr) by pretreatment with acetazolamide (50 mg/kg body weight). In a separate series of experiments, the ability of this concentration of 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 to protect the rat stomach from necrosis caused by absolute ethanol was not impaired by prior exposure to the same dose of acetazolamide. | 6,491,473 | D015064:16,16-Dimethylprostaglandin E2; D000086:Acetazolamide; D000818:Animals; D001639:Bicarbonates; D000431:Ethanol; D005753:Gastric Mucosa; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D009336:Necrosis; D011459:Prostaglandins E, Synthetic; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical | The Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine | 1,984 | D001639:Bicarbonates; D011459:Prostaglandins E, Synthetic; D000431:Ethanol; D015064:16,16-Dimethylprostaglandin E2; D000086:Acetazolamide |
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[Spontaneous contractions and the visco-elastic properties of the isolated guinea-pig gall-bladder]. | The isolated guinea-pig gall-bladder showed the spontaneous changes in luminal pressure at the rate of 7-12/min at 38 degrees C. These spontaneous contractions were increased in rates as the increase in luminal volume. On the other hand, they were reduced in rates and in amplitudes by lowering the temperatures. Decrease in [Ca2+]o from 2.4 mM to 0.8 mM depressed or even abolished the spontaneous contractions, whereas increase in [Ca2+]o from 2.4 mM to 7.2 mM produced slow pressure rise accompanied with small pressure fluctuations, suggesting that [Ca2+]i was increased as the results of facilitation of Na-Ca exchange mechanism. The pressure-volume relation measured during the first inflation was steeper than that during the following deflation; namely, the gall-bladder showed plasticity. The visco-elastic property was investigated by recording the time course of the pressure change, stress relaxation, following the sudden increase in volume. Thus, the tissue visco-elasticity was divided into three components; the instantaneous elastic component and two viscoelastic components that had the time constants of 4-12 sec and of 5-10 min. | 10.1540/jsmr1965.21.71 | 4,057,714 | D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium; D004548:Elasticity; D005704:Gallbladder; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D009130:Muscle, Smooth; D013696:Temperature; D013779:Tetrodotoxin | Nihon Heikatsukin Gakkai zasshi | 1,985 | D013779:Tetrodotoxin; D002118:Calcium |
Design of a CMOS Potentiostat Circuit for Electrochemical Detector Arrays. | High-throughput electrode arrays are required for advancing devices for testing the effect of drugs on cellular function. In this paper, we present design criteria for a potentiostat circuit that is capable of measuring transient amperometric oxidation currents at the surface of an electrode with submillisecond time resolution and picoampere current resolution. The potentiostat is a regulated cascode stage in which a high-gain amplifier maintains the electrode voltage through a negative feedback loop. The potentiostat uses a new shared amplifier structure in which all of the amplifiers in a given row of detectors share a common half circuit permitting us to use fewer transistors per detector. We also present measurements from a test chip that was fabricated in a 0.5-μm, 5-V CMOS process through MOSIS. Each detector occupied a layout area of 35μm × 15μm and contained eight transistors and a 50-fF integrating capacitor. The rms current noise at 2kHz bandwidth is ≈ 110fA. The maximum charge storage capacity at 2kHz is 1.26 × 10(6) electrons. | 10.1109/TCSI.2006.888777 | 20,514,150 | IEEE transactions on circuits and systems. I, Regular papers : a publication of the IEEE Circuits and Systems Society | 2,007 | ||
[Effect of thermal cycling on surface microstructure of different light-curing composite resins]. | OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effect of thermal cycling on surface microstructure of different light-curing composite resins.
METHODS
A nanofilled composite (Z350) and 4 microhybrid composites (P60, Z250, Spectrum, and AP-X) were fabricated from lateral to center to form cubic specimens. The lateral surfaces were abrased and polished before water storage and 40 000 thermal cycles (5/55 degrees celsius;). The mean surface roughness (Ra) were measured and compared before and after thermal cycling, and the changes of microstructure were observed under scanning electron microscope (SEM).
RESULTS
Significant decreases of Ra were observed in the composites, especially in Spectrum (from 0.164±0.024 µm to 0.140±0.017 µm, P<0.001) and Z250 (from 0.169±0.035 µm to 0.144±0.033 µm, P<0.001), whose Ra approximated that of P60 (0.121±0.028 µm) with smoothly polished surface. SEM revealed scratches and shallower pits on the surface of all the 5 resins, and fissures occurred on Z350 following the thermal cycling.
CONCLUSION
Water storage and thermal cycling may produce polishing effect on composite resins and cause fissures on nanofilled composite resins. | 25,907,957 | D003188:Composite Resins; D003775:Dental Polishing; D055115:Light-Curing of Dental Adhesives; D008422:Materials Testing; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature | Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University | 2,015 | D003188:Composite Resins |
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Amyloid beta peptides inside a reconstituted cell-like liposomal system: aggregation, FRET, fluorescence oscillations and solvation dynamics. | Aggregations of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides were studied inside a reconstituted cell like liposomal system using time-resolved confocal microscopy. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and confocal images indicate that Aβ forms a very large aggregate in bulk and more efficiently, in the bilayer region of the liposome, respectively. The aggregates formed inside the liposome gradually migrate out to bulk water. FRET, from HiLyte Fluor 488 (covalently attached to an Aβ peptide) to TRITC (tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate) covalently attached to a DHPE lipid present in the bilayer, reveals intermittent oscillations in the time scale of ∼0.5 s. This is attributed to the structural fluctuations of the membrane of the liposome. The solvation dynamics of Aβ in monomer and in oligomeric state is studied by monitoring the emission of HiLyte Fluor 488. The solvation dynamics of the Aβ monomer is similar to that of oligomeric aggregates in the liposome. | 10.1039/c6cp06143e | 27,781,218 | D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D008081:Liposomes; D066329:Protein Aggregates | Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP | 2,016 | D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D008081:Liposomes; D066329:Protein Aggregates |
Pump induced lasing suppression in Yb:Er-doped microlasers. | A pump source is one of the essential prerequisites in order to achieve lasing in a system, and, in most cases, a stronger pump leads to higher laser power at the output. However, this behavior may be suppressed if two pump beams are used. In this work, we show that lasing around the 1600 nm band can be suppressed completely if two pumps, at wavelengths of 980 nm and 1550 nm, are applied simultaneously to an Yb:Er-doped microlaser, whereas it can be revived by switching one of them off. This phenomenon can be explained by assuming that the presence of one pump (980 nm) changes the role of the other pump (1550 nm); more specifically, the 1550 nm pump starts to consume the population inversion instead of increasing it when the 980 nm pump power exceeds a certain value. As a result, the two pump fields lead to a closed-loop transition within the gain medium (i.e., the erbium ions). This study unveils an interplay similar to coherence effects between different pump pathways, thereby providing a reference for designing the laser pump, and may have applications in lasing control. | 10.1364/OE.25.024679 | 29,041,414 | Optics express | 2,017 | ||
Expanding STEM opportunities through inclusive STEM-focused high schools. | Inclusive STEM high schools (ISHSs) (where STEM is science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) admit students on the basis of interest rather than competitive examination. This study examines the central assumption behind these schools-that they provide students from subgroups underrepresented in STEM with experiences that equip them academically and attitudinally to enter and stay in the STEM pipeline. Hierarchical modeling was applied to data from student surveys and state longitudinal data records for 5113 students graduating from 39 ISHSs and 22 comprehensive high schools in North Carolina and Texas. Compared to peers from the same demographic group with similar Grade 8 achievement levels, underrepresented minority and female ISHS students in both states were more likely to undertake advanced STEM coursework. Hispanics in Texas and females in both states expressed more STEM career interest in Grade 12 if they attended an ISHS. Positive relationships between ISHS attendance and grade point average were found in the total sample and each subgroup in North Carolina. Positive ISHS advantages in terms of test scores for the total student sample were found for science in both states and for mathematics in Texas. For the various student subgroups, test score differences favored the ISHS samples but attained statistical significance only for African Americans' science achievement scores in the Texas study. | 10.1002/sce.21281 | 28,919,649 | Science education | 2,017 | ||
Optical modeling of the emission zone profile and optimal emitter position based on the internal field profile of the air mode in organic light-emitting diodes. | We propose a theoretical formulation to calculate the internal profile of the air mode in the organic light-emitting diode (OLED) on the combination of the transfer matrix method and source-term method. The spatial distributions of the air mode are calculated in a top-emitting OLED with respect to the light polarization, extraction angle, dipole orientation, and dipole position. Air modes are also calculated on the basis of the previously used external source model, where the input optical wave is injected from the air into the OLED multilayer. Comparison of the calculated air modes between two models checks the validity of the external source model. In addition, we propose an improved formula to determine the optimal emitter positions that maximize the two-beam interference of the micro-cavity effect. In the improved formula, a non-ideal reflection phase shift at a reflective metal anode is treated as the skin depth of the air mode. Finally, the effect of the dipole orientation on the air mode is investigated. Compared with the air mode emitted by the horizontally oriented dipole, the air mode generated by the vertically oriented dipole has relatively small intensity and shows the opposite dependence of the emitter position variation. The calculation results of the internal profile of the air mode within the emission layer are matched with the profile of the emission zone obtained by output radiant flux on the basis of the currently used point dipole model. | 10.1364/AO.57.008394 | 30,461,794 | Applied optics | 2,018 | ||
Marker-dependent hazard estimation: an application to AIDS. | The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) results from infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The time of infection is generally unknown since transmission usually occurs during the course of repeated sexual contacts or needle sharing. Brookmeyer and Gail describe the biases that may arise in survival analyses using the recruitment time rather than the unknown infection time as the origin in prevalent cohorts of HIV-infected individuals. We apply a non-parametric hazard estimator, introduced by Nielsen, that assumes the hazard of an AIDS diagnosis depends upon the unknown time of infection solely through the value of possibly multidimensional markers of HIV-disease progression such as CD4+ T lymphocyte cell counts. Essentially, we estimate the hazard for a specific marker value y by dividing the number of occurrences among subjects with marker measurements in a neighbourhood of y by the total risk time in that neighbourhood. We present this estimator, which relies upon kernel estimator techniques to produce a smooth estimate, within a counting process framework. We apply this method to marker data from the San Francisco Men's Health Study. | 10.1002/sim.4780120905 | 8,101,012 | D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; D000328:Adult; D016516:CD4-CD8 Ratio; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D006801:Humans; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012495:San Francisco; D015996:Survival Rate | Statistics in medicine | 1,993 | |
Child and adolescent predictors of smoking involvement in emerging adulthood. | OBJECTIVE
This study examined the differential relationship of externalizing behavior, internalizing behavior, social context, and their interactions to three developmental indicators of smoking involvement: onset (age), amount of smoking, and dependence symptomatology.
METHOD
Participants (n = 504, 73% male) from a high-risk community-based longitudinal study were followed from age 12-14 to young adulthood (18-20). Smoking involvement was conceptualized as a process involving differences in (a) age of onset of smoking, (b) amount of smoking at age 18-20, and (c) level of nicotine dependence symptomatology at age 18-20. Survival analysis was used to predict onset of smoking, regression for smoking level, and zero-inflated Poisson regression for nicotine dependence.
RESULTS
Externalizing (teacher report) and internalizing behavior (youth self-report), prior to the onset of smoking, predicted different components of smoking and nicotine dependence in young adulthood. Parental smoking predicted all levels of smoking involvement. Peer smoking was related to early onset of smoking, but not higher levels of smoking involvement. Externalizing and internalizing behavior interacted to predict nicotine dependence level, with higher levels of internalizing behavior predicting higher levels of dependence symptoms, even at low levels of externalizing behavior.
CONCLUSIONS
Externalizing and internalizing behavior and social context are independent and interacting risk factors that come into play at different points in the developmental process occurring between smoking onset and dependence. This study provides important information for theoretical models of smoking progression and shows that different types of risk should be targeted for prevention at different points in smoking progression. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved). | 10.1037/hea0000703 | 30,652,912 | D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder; D055815:Young Adult | Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association | 2,019 | |
Clinical trial and post-licensure safety profile of a prophylactic human papillomavirus (types 6, 11, 16, and 18) l1 virus-like particle vaccine. | BACKGROUND
We describe the safety of the human papillomavirus (HPV)-6/11/16/18 vaccine using updated clinical trial data (median follow-up time of 3.6 years) and summarize up to 3 years of post-licensure surveillance.
METHODS
In 5 clinical trials, 21,480 girls/women aged 9 to 26 years and boys aged 9 to 16 years received >or=1 dose of HPV-6/11/16/18 vaccine or placebo. All serious and non-serious adverse experiences (AEs) and new medical conditions were recorded for the entire study period(s). As of June 2009, >25 million doses of HPV-6/11/16/18 vaccine had been distributed in the United States with >50 million doses globally. Post-licensure safety as summarized by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention using the United States Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System database is also reported.
RESULTS
Eight subjects experienced a treatment-related serious AE (0.05% vaccine; 0.02% placebo). Of 18 deaths (0.1% vaccine; 0.1% placebo), all were considered unrelated to study treatment. New medical conditions which were potentially consistent with autoimmune phenomena were reported in 2.4% of both vaccine and placebo recipients. Pain, the most common injection-site AE, occurred more frequently with vaccine (81% vaccine; 75% placeboaluminum; 45% placebo-saline). No differences were seen in the incidence of the most common non-serious AEs-headache and pyrexia. The Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System has received 14,072 reports for the HPV-6/11/16/18 vaccine since licensure, with only 7% being serious AEs, about half the average reported for licensed vaccines in general.
CONCLUSIONS
HPV-6/11/16/18 vaccination was associated with more injection-site pain than placebo but similar incidences of systemic and serious AEs and new medical conditions potentially consistent with autoimmune phenomena. Based on review of post-licensure safety information, the benefits of vaccination to prevent the majority of genital tract precancers and cancers continue to far outweigh its risks. | 10.1097/INF.0b013e3181b77906 | 19,952,863 | D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever; D006261:Headache; D000068857:Human Papillomavirus Recombinant Vaccine Quadrivalent, Types 6, 11, 16, 18; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines; D010919:Placebos; D011358:Product Surveillance, Postmarketing; D014481:United States; D022721:Vaccines, Virosome; D055815:Young Adult | The Pediatric infectious disease journal | 2,010 | D000068857:Human Papillomavirus Recombinant Vaccine Quadrivalent, Types 6, 11, 16, 18; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines; D010919:Placebos; D022721:Vaccines, Virosome |
Identification and distribution of the costimulatory receptor CD28 in the mouse. | T cell activation requires Ag-specific stimulation mediated by the TCR as well as an additional stimulus provided by Ag presenting cells. On human T cells, it has been shown that antibodies to the Ag CD28 can provide a potent amplification signal for cytokine production and proliferation. Here we describe the production of a mAb to the murine homologue of CD28, and the use of this antibody to examine the function and distribution of CD28 in the mouse. Anti-murine CD28 synergizes with TCR-mediated signals to greatly enhance lymphokine production and proliferation of T cells, and the CD28 signal is not blocked by cyclosporin A. In the peripheral lymphoid organs and in the blood of the mouse, all CD4+ and CD8+ T cells express CD28. In the thymus, CD28 expression is highest on immature CD3-, CD8+ and CD4+8+ cells, and on CD4-8- cells that express alpha beta and tau delta TCR. The level of CD28 on mature CD4+ and CD8+ alpha beta TCR+ thymocytes is two- to fourfold lower than on the immature cells. The potent costimulatory function of CD28 on mature T cells, together with the high level of expression on CD4+8+ thymocytes, suggest that this costimulatory receptor might play an important role in T cell development and activation. | 1,320,641 | D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015703:Antigens, CD; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte; D018106:CD28 Antigens; D006224:Cricetinae; D016572:Cyclosporine; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus; D007106:Immune Sera; D007376:Interleukin-2; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008647:Mesocricetus; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D011247:Pregnancy; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets; D013601:T-Lymphocytes | Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) | 1,992 | D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015703:Antigens, CD; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte; D018106:CD28 Antigens; D007106:Immune Sera; D007376:Interleukin-2; D016572:Cyclosporine |
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Synchronous hepatocellular carcinoma and lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma arising from 2 different sites of the liver: A case report. | RATIONALE
Most cases of primary liver cancer involve hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) is defined as a tumor composed of undifferentiated epithelial cells with a prominent lymphoid infiltrate, which is rarely reported. Lymphoepithelioma-like HCC (LEL-HCC) is an uncommon variant of HCC, having an unclear process of development. Here, we report the first case involving simultaneous HCC and LEL-HCC.
PATIENT CONCERNS
A 77-year-old female was accidentally found to have a hypoechoic hepatic nodule via an abdominal ultrasound during a health examination. Abdominal computed tomography scan revealed 2 hepatic nodules with arterial phase enhancement and washout in the late phase.
DIAGNOSES
We diagnosed the case with 2 distinct liver nodules, HCC and LEL-HCC.
INTERVENTIONS
With suspicion of HCC, tumor resection (liver segments 4 and 5) was then performed. Histopathological examination of tumor 1 showed a moderately differentiated HCC and tumor 2 demonstrated a LEL-HCC. Immunohistochemically, the cells of tumor 2 were immunoreactive for cytokeratin (CK), CK7, and CK19. Epstein-Barr virus encoding small RNA (EBER) in situ hybridization results were negative.
OUTCOMES
Six months after resection, intrahepatic tumor recurrence was noted. Radiofrequency ablation was conducted.
LESSONS
This is an interesting case providing circumstantial evidence of simultaneous development of HCC and LEL-HCC in distinct nodules of the liver with a background of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. | 10.1097/MD.0000000000012548 | 30,290,612 | D000368:Aged; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; D005260:Female; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic; D006801:Humans; D007633:Keratins; D008113:Liver Neoplasms | Medicine | 2,018 | D007633:Keratins |
Nanoparticle-Based Strategies to Combat COVID-19. | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the worst pandemic disease of the current millennium. This disease is caused by the highly contagious severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which first exhibited human-to-human transmission in December 2019 and has infected millions of people within months across 213 different countries. Its ability to be transmitted by asymptomatic carriers has put a massive strain on the currently available testing resources. Currently, there are no clinically proven therapeutic methods that clearly inhibit the effects of this virus, and COVID-19 vaccines are still in the development phase. Strategies need to be explored to expand testing capacities, to develop effective therapeutics, and to develop safe vaccines that provide lasting immunity. Nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely used in many medical applications, such as biosensing, drug delivery, imaging, and antimicrobial treatment. SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped virus with particle-like characteristics and a diameter of 60-140 nm. Synthetic NPs can closely mimic the virus and interact strongly with its proteins due to their morphological similarities. Hence, NP-based strategies for tackling this virus have immense potential. NPs have been previously found to be effective tools against many viruses, especially against those from the Coronaviridae family. This Review outlines the role of NPs in diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccination for the other two epidemic coronaviruses, the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) virus and the 2012 Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) virus. We also highlight nanomaterial-based approaches to address other coronaviruses, such as human coronaviruses (HCoVs); feline coronavirus (FCoV); avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV); coronavirus models, such as porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV); and other viruses that share similarities with SARS-CoV-2. This Review combines the salient principles from previous antiviral studies with recent research conducted on SARS-CoV-2 to outline NP-based strategies that can be used to combat COVID-19 and similar pandemics in the future. | 10.1021/acsanm.0c01978 | 37,556,239 | ACS applied nano materials | 2,020 | ||
MIND, Anti-Psychiatry, and the Case of the Mental Hygiene Movement's 'Discursive Transformation'. | During the 1970s the National Association for Mental Health (NAMH) re-labelled itself MIND, becoming a rights-based organisation, critiquing psychiatry and emphasising patients' citizenship. Its transformation has been coloured by attributions of the influence of anti-psychiatry. This article argues that the relevance of anti-psychiatry has been over-simplified. It examines MIND's history as part of the psychiatric strategy known as mental hygiene. This movement's agenda can be understood as paradigmatic of much that anti-psychiatry renounced. However, building on the sociologist Nick Crossley's description of the interactional nature of Social Movement Organisations in the psychiatric field, this article shows that a 'discursive transformation' can be deduced in core elements of mental hygienist thinking. This transformation of discourse clearly prefigured important elements of anti-psychiatry, and also fed into MIND's rights approach. But it must be appreciated on its own terms. Its distinctiveness under MIND is shown in its application to people with learning disabilities. | 10.1093/shm/hky096 | 32,419,741 | Social history of medicine : the journal of the Society for the Social History of Medicine | 2,020 | ||
Adjacent-level biomechanics after single-level anterior cervical interbody fusion with anchored zero-profile spacer versus cage-plate construct: a finite element study. | BACKGROUND
The development of adjacent segment degeneration (ASD) following ACDF is well established. There is no analytical study related to effects of plate profile on the biomechanics of the adjacent-level after ACDF. This study aimed to test the effects of plate profile on the adjacent-level biomechanics after single-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF).
METHODS
A three-dimensional finite element model (FEM) of an intact C2-T1 segment was built and validated. From this intact model, two instrumentation models were constructed with the anchored zero-profile spacer or the standard plate-interbody spacer after a C5-C6 corpectomy and fusion. Motion patterns, the stresses in the disc, the endplate, and the facet joint at the levels cephalad and caudal to the fusion were assessed.
RESULTS
Compared with the normal condition, the biomechanical responses in the adjacent levels were increased after fusion. Relative to the intact model, the average increase of range of motion (ROM) and stresses in the endplate, the disc, and the facet of the zero-profile spacer fusion model were slightly lower than that of the standard plate-interbody spacer fusion model. The kinematics ROM and stress variations above fusion segment were larger than that below. The biomechanical features of the adjacent segment after fusion were most affected during extension.
CONCLUSIONS
The FE analysis indicated that plate profile may have an impact on the biomechanics of the adjacent-level after a single-level ACDF. The impact may be long-term and cumulative. The current findings may help explain the decreasing incidence of ASD complications in the patients using zero-profile spacer compared with the patients using cage and plate construct. | 10.1186/s12893-020-00729-4 | 32,252,742 | D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001860:Bone Plates; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae; D017586:Diskectomy; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D013123:Spinal Fusion | BMC surgery | 2,020 | |
Isoflurane increases cell membrane fluidity significantly at clinical concentrations. | There is an on-going debate whether anesthetic drugs, such as isoflurane, can cause meaningful structural changes in cell membranes at clinical concentrations. In this study, the effects of isoflurane on lipid membrane fluidity were investigated using fluorescence anisotropy and spectroscopy. In order to get a complete picture, four very different membrane systems (erythrocyte ghosts, a 5-lipid mixture that mimics brain endothelial cell membrane, POPC/Chol, and pure DPPC) were selected for the study. In all four systems, we found that fluorescence anisotropies of DPH-PC, nile-red, and TMA-DPH decrease significantly at the isoflurane concentrations of 1 mM and 5 mM. Furthermore, the excimer/monomer (E/M) ratio of dipyrene-PC jumps immediately after the addition of isoflurane. We found that isoflurane is quite effective to loosen up highly ordered lipid domains with saturated lipids. Interestingly, 1 mM isoflurane causes a larger decrease of nile-red fluorescence anisotropy in erythrocyte ghosts than 52.2 mM of ethanol, which is three times the legal limit of blood alcohol level. Our results paint a consistent picture that isoflurane at clinical concentrations causes significant and immediate increase of membrane fluidity in a wide range of membrane systems. | 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.183140 | 31,790,694 | D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D004910:Erythrocyte Membrane; D006801:Humans; D007530:Isoflurane; D008051:Lipid Bilayers; D008081:Liposomes; D008560:Membrane Fluidity | Biochimica et biophysica acta. Biomembranes | 2,020 | D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D008051:Lipid Bilayers; D008081:Liposomes; D007530:Isoflurane |
Structural basis of cell surface receptor recognition by botulinum neurotoxin B. | Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are potent bacterial toxins that cause paralysis at femtomolar concentrations by blocking neurotransmitter release. A 'double receptor' model has been proposed in which BoNTs recognize nerve terminals via interactions with both gangliosides and protein receptors that mediate their entry. Of seven BoNTs (subtypes A-G), the putative receptors for BoNT/A, BoNT/B and BoNT/G have been identified, but the molecular details that govern recognition remain undefined. Here we report the crystal structure of full-length BoNT/B in complex with the synaptotagmin II (Syt-II) recognition domain at 2.6 A resolution. The structure of the complex reveals that Syt-II forms a short helix that binds to a hydrophobic groove within the binding domain of BoNT/B. In addition, mutagenesis of amino acid residues within this interface on Syt-II affects binding of BoNT/B. Structural and sequence analysis reveals that this hydrophobic groove is conserved in the BoNT/G and BoNT/B subtypes, but varies in other clostridial neurotoxins. Furthermore, molecular docking studies using the ganglioside G(T1b) indicate that its binding site is more extensive than previously proposed and might form contacts with both BoNT/B and synaptotagmin. The results provide structural insights into how BoNTs recognize protein receptors and reveal a promising target for blocking toxin-receptor recognition. | 10.1038/nature05411 | 17,167,418 | D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D001905:Botulinum Toxins; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D005732:Gangliosides; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009474:Neurons; D016716:PC12 Cells; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D051381:Rats; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D050825:Synaptosomal-Associated Protein 25; D050863:Synaptotagmin I; D050861:Synaptotagmin II | Nature | 2,006 | D005732:Gangliosides; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D050825:Synaptosomal-Associated Protein 25; D050863:Synaptotagmin I; D050861:Synaptotagmin II; C096323:rimabotulinumtoxinB; D001905:Botulinum Toxins; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A |
Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease presenting as progressive nonfluent aphasia with speech apraxia. | Progressive non-fluent aphasia (PNFA) is typically associated with pathological changes consistent with frontotemporal lobar degeneration. A 65-year-old male presented with effortful speech, markedly impaired naming and features of speech apraxia, consistent with PNFA. Perceptuospatial function, calculation and executive function were intact. Brain SPECT showed left perisylvian hypoperfusion. He deteriorated profoundly over the subsequent eight months, with appearances on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging typical of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, which was confirmed pathologically at postmortem examination. While the presence of PNFA with speech apraxia is thought to predict underlying tauopathy, sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease may mimic this presentation and present in a highly circumscribed form not previously described. | 10.1097/WAD.0b013e318260ab27 | 22,732,678 | D000368:Aged; D007562:Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D057178:Primary Progressive Nonfluent Aphasia | Alzheimer disease and associated disorders | 2,013 | |
Investigation of skin microbiota reveals Mycobacterium ulcerans-Aspergillus sp. trans-kingdom communication. | Mycobacterium ulcerans secrete a series of non-ribosomal-encoded toxins known as mycolactones that are responsible for causing a disabling ulceration of the skin and subcutaneous tissues named Buruli ulcer. The disease is the sole non-contagion among the three most common mycobacterial diseases in humans. Direct contact with contaminated wetlands is a risk factor for Buruli ulcer, responsible for M. ulcerans skin carriage before transcutaneous inoculation with this opportunistic pathogen. In this study, we analysed the bacterial and fungal skin microbiota in individuals exposed to M. ulcerans in Burkina Faso. We showed that M. ulcerans-specific DNA sequences were detected on the unbreached skin of 6/52 (11.5%) asymptomatic farmers living in Sindou versus 0/52 (0%) of those living in the non-endemic region of Tenkodogo. Then, we cultured the skin microbiota of asymptomatic M. ulcerans carriers and negative control individuals, all living in the region of Sindou. A total of 84 different bacterial and fungal species were isolated, 21 from M. ulcerans-negative skin samples, 31 from M. ulcerans-positive samples and 32 from both. More specifically, Actinobacteria, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus were significantly associated with M. ulcerans skin carriage. We further observed that in vitro, mycolactones induced spore germination of A. flavus, attracting the fungal network. These unprecedented observations suggest that interactions with fungi may modulate the outcome of M. ulcerans skin carriage, opening new venues to the understanding of Buruli ulcer pathology, prophylaxis and treatment of this still neglected tropical infection. | 10.1038/s41598-021-83236-7 | 33,580,189 | D001228:Aspergillosis; D001230:Aspergillus; D002050:Burkina Faso; D054312:Buruli Ulcer; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D005658:Fungi; D006801:Humans; D064307:Microbiota; D019911:Mycobacterium ulcerans; D012867:Skin | Scientific reports | 2,021 | D004269:DNA, Bacterial |
Increased expression of connexin 43 in the overactive neurogenic detrusor. | PURPOSE
The cellular mechanisms involved in unstable uncontrolled detrusor contractions in the human bladder remain unknown. One hypothesis, based on electron microscopical observations and animal studies, is that gap junctions are present in the human detrusor and are increased in patients with detrusor overactivity. Thus intercellular electrical coupling between adjacent detrusor cells would be increased allowing electrical activity to spead more easily within the detrusor muscle mass and more readily generate significant contractions. The aim of this study was to prove this hypothesis.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Detrusor biopsies have been obtained from videourodynamically evaluated patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) (n = 19) [group I] and from patients with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) with stable, non-obstructed detrusors (n = 5) [group II] serving as controls. Specimens were fixed, paraffin embedded, sectioned, stained with a monoclonal connexin 43 antibody and evaluated by two blinded examiners using a semiquantitative scale. Connexin 43 mRNA levels were evaluated using quantitative RT-PCR with primers for connexin 43 and for 18S rRNA. The results were correlated with the patients' groups.
RESULTS
Connexin 43 could be identified in cross sections of every detrusor biopsy. In all biopsies from patients with NDO a widespread presence of connexin 43 staining was observed, whereas only a limited presence of connexin 43 staining was observed in the specimen from patients with SUI. Connexin 43 mRNA levels within the detrusor were 3.7 fold higher in the NDO group than in the SUI group (p = 0.017).
CONCLUSIONS
A limited amount of gap junctions seems to be present in every detrusor independently from its urodynamic stability or instability. But there is a significant increase in connexin 43 protein and RNA levels in patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity underlining their role in intercellular electrical coupling. | 10.1016/j.eururo.2004.08.020 | 15,548,450 | D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D018031:Connexin 43; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009130:Muscle, Smooth; D001743:Urinary Bladder; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic | European urology | 2,004 | D018031:Connexin 43 |
The histone methyltransferase SMYD2 methylates PARP1 and promotes poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation activity in cancer cells. | Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) catalyzes the poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of protein acceptors using NAD(+) as the substrate is now considered as an important target for development of anticancer therapy. PARP1 is known to be post-translationally modified in various ways including phosphorylation and ubiquitination, but the physiological role of PARP1 methylation is not well understood. Herein we demonstrated that the histone methyltransferase SMYD2, which plays critical roles in human carcinogenesis, mono-methylated PARP1. We confirmed lysine 528 to be a target of SMYD2-dependent PARP1 methylation by LC-MS/MS and Edman Degradation analyses. Importantly, methylated PARP1 revealed enhanced poly(ADP-ribose) formation after oxidative stress, and positively regulated the poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation activity of PARP1. Hence, our study unveils a novel mechanism of PARP1 in human cancer through its methylation by SMYD2. | 24,726,141 | D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D004249:DNA Damage; D006367:HeLa Cells; D011495:Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D008239:Lysine; D008745:Methylation; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D000071137:Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1; D011064:Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization | Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.) | 2,014 | D011064:Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D011495:Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase; C512569:SMYD2 protein, human; C499320:PARP1 protein, human; D000071137:Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; D008239:Lysine |
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Evaluation of bile acid malabsorption by plasma cholesterol precursor sterols in familial hypercholesterolaemia patients with and without ileal exclusion. | To evaluate the value of plasma cholesterol precursor sterols in the detection of bile acid malabsorption we measured these sterols in 14 familial hypercholesterolaemia patients, seven with and seven without an ileal exclusion. In the operated subjects bile acid malabsorption had induced a 4.8-fold increase in cholesterol synthesis, accompanied by a 1.9-5.1-fold increase in the plasma content of the eight cholesterol precursor sterols studied. There was no overlap between the two groups in any of these sterols, when total and free sterols were considered, and only three of the esterified sterols overlapped. The tri- and dimethyl sterols were mostly unesterified, monomethyl sterols modestly esterified and the demethylated sterols, especially desmosterol, were mainly esterified. The plasma lathosterol content segregated most clearly the patients with bile acid malabsorption from the controls. The lowest lathosterol value of the operated patients was 2.5-fold higher than the highest value of the control patients. Because lathosterol is the most abundant of the plasma cholesterol precursor sterols and is relatively easy to quantitate, it is suggested that plasma lathosterol measurement can be used in the detection of bile acid malabsorption. | 10.3109/00365518809085764 | 3,217,753 | D000328:Adult; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D002775:Cholestadienols; D002782:Cholestenes; D002784:Cholesterol; D003897:Desmosterol; D005243:Feces; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006938:Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II; D007082:Ileum; D007810:Lanosterol; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013185:Squalene | Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation | 1,988 | D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D002775:Cholestadienols; D002782:Cholestenes; D007810:Lanosterol; D003897:Desmosterol; C024372:4,4-dimethyl-delta(8)-cholestenol; C013499:4,4-dimethyl-5-alpha-cholesta-(8,24)-dien-3-beta-ol; D013185:Squalene; C001521:lathosterol; D002784:Cholesterol; C008421:4-methylcholest-7-en-3-ol |
The brain basis of handwriting deficits in Chinese children with developmental dyslexia. | Abundant behavioral studies have demonstrated high comorbidity of reading and handwriting difficulties in developmental dyslexia (DD), a neurological condition characterized by unexpectedly low reading ability despite adequate nonverbal intelligence and typical schooling. The neural correlates of handwriting deficits remain largely unknown; however, as well as the extent that handwriting deficits share common neural bases with reading deficits in DD. The present work used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine brain activity during handwriting and reading tasks in Chinese dyslexic children (n = 18) and age-matched controls (n = 23). Compared to controls, dyslexic children exhibited reduced activation during handwriting tasks in brain regions supporting sensory-motor processing (including supplementary motor area and postcentral gyrus) and visual-orthography processing (including bilateral precuneus and right cuneus). Among these regions, the left supplementary motor area and the right precuneus also showed a trend of reduced activation during reading tasks in dyslexics. Moreover, increased activation was found in the left inferior frontal gyrus and anterior cingulate cortex in dyslexics, which may reflect more efforts of executive control to compensate for the impairments of motor and visual-orthographic processing. Finally, dyslexic children exhibited aberrant functional connectivity among brain areas for cognitive control and sensory-motor processes during handwriting tasks. Together, these findings suggest that handwriting deficits in DD are associated with functional abnormalities of multiple brain regions implicated in motor execution, visual-orthographic processing, and cognitive control, providing important implications for the diagnosis and treatment of dyslexia. | 10.1111/desc.13161 | 34,288,292 | D001921:Brain; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002648:Child; D002681:China; D004410:Dyslexia; D006236:Handwriting; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D011932:Reading | Developmental science | 2,022 | |
Summation characteristics of the detection of compound gratings. | Many classical experiments have shown that two superimposed gratings are more easily detected than a single grating, in keeping with probability theory. Here we test the rules for the detection of 2-component compound gratings by extending the range of parameters used in previous experiments. Two complementary methods of deriving summation indices are described. Data are presented so that the conditions for the transition from probability to neural summation are easily identified. True probability summation occurs only when grating contrasts are carefully perceptually equalised and spatial frequency differs by more than a factor of 2. A wide range of contrast ratios of the component gratings were explored such that gratings were at different contrasts, relative to respective thresholds. We find clear evidence of suppressive interactions when the compound gratings are composed of a close to threshold low frequency component and a below-threshold higher spatial frequency component. | 10.1016/j.visres.2009.05.006 | 19,460,399 | D000328:Adult; D015350:Contrast Sensitivity; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009039:Motion Perception; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual; D010470:Perceptual Masking; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011601:Psychophysics; D012684:Sensory Thresholds | Vision research | 2,009 | |
Acyl chains of phospholipase D transphosphatidylation products in Arabidopsis cells: a study using multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry. | BACKGROUND
Phospholipases D (PLD) are major components of signalling pathways in plant responses to some stresses and hormones. The product of PLD activity is phosphatidic acid (PA). PAs with different acyl chains do not have the same protein targets, so to understand the signalling role of PLD it is essential to analyze the composition of its PA products in the presence and absence of an elicitor.
METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS
Potential PLD substrates and products were studied in Arabidopsis thaliana suspension cells treated with or without the hormone salicylic acid (SA). As PA can be produced by enzymes other than PLD, we analyzed phosphatidylbutanol (PBut), which is specifically produced by PLD in the presence of n-butanol. The acyl chain compositions of PBut and the major glycerophospholipids were determined by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mass spectrometry. PBut profiles of untreated cells or cells treated with SA show an over-representation of 160/18:2- and 16:0/18:3-species compared to those of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine either from bulk lipid extracts or from purified membrane fractions. When microsomal PLDs were used in in vitro assays, the resulting PBut profile matched exactly that of the substrate provided. Therefore there is a mismatch between the acyl chain compositions of putative substrates and the in vivo products of PLDs that is unlikely to reflect any selectivity of PLDs for the acyl chains of substrates.
CONCLUSIONS
MRM mass spectrometry is a reliable technique to analyze PLD products. Our results suggest that PLD action in response to SA is not due to the production of a stress-specific molecular species, but that the level of PLD products per se is important. The over-representation of 160/18:2- and 16:0/18:3-species in PLD products when compared to putative substrates might be related to a regulatory role of the heterogeneous distribution of glycerophospholipids in membrane sub-domains. | 10.1371/journal.pone.0041985 | 22,848,682 | D017360:Arabidopsis; D020404:Glycerophospholipids; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D010712:Phosphatidic Acids; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; D010739:Phospholipase D; D020156:Salicylic Acid | PloS one | 2,012 | D020404:Glycerophospholipids; D010712:Phosphatidic Acids; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; C068564:phosphatidylbutanol; D010739:Phospholipase D; D020156:Salicylic Acid |
[Atypical facial pain--quality of IHS (International Headache Society) criteria and psychometric data]. | Atypical facial pain is generally an unclearly defined pain syndrome. We tested in 35 patients (31 women, 4 men) with a mean age of 53.2 +/- 14.9 years and a chronic facial pain syndrome the quality of the new diagnostic criteria of the International Headache Society (IHS), at the same time using the SCL-90-R (Self-Report Symptom Inventory), to identify any associated psychopathology. In accordance with the literature there is a marked female preponderance, an altogether vague description of symptoms and a long history of incorrect diagnoses. Of note is the high number of invasive procedures (3.5 +/- 3.0). In agreement with the IHS commentary, an operation or injury to the face was a suspected cause in 43%. In contrast to the IHS criteria, we found in our patient sample dysaesthesia (63%), bilateral occurrence (37%), remission periods (57%), pain attacks (23%) and presence of superficial as well as deep pain. Depression is by no means the only psychopathological abnormality in atypical facial pain; a broad spectrum of complaints is seen. The IHS classification appears insufficient to separate atypical facial pain from other primary headache and facial pain syndromes. We therefore suggest a modified version of the IHS criteria for atypical facial pain. | 1,436,249 | D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005157:Facial Pain; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010555:Personality Inventory; D012803:Sick Role; D013001:Somatoform Disorders | Der Nervenarzt | 1,992 | ||
Linking stress and injury in the farming environment: a secondary analysis of qualitative data. | The first step in injury prevention is to understand the injury problem. This includes examining the nature of the problem from the perspective of the target community. This article uses qualitative methods to explain the nature of the injury problem and identifies prevention strategies through a three-step process: identify a causal model, validate the model, and identify strategies using the causal model. A causal model linking safety performance and safety demand, health decision making, and occupational stress was derived by secondary analysis of farm family focus group data (step 1) and validated by other farm family focus groups (step 2). Prevention strategies identified from the causal model (step 3) include decreasing the number of roles performed exclusively by one individual, developing an easy-to-use planning tool that assists farmers in anticipating and reducing future work demands, and developing an education module that incorporates injury costs into safety decision making. | 10.1177/109019819602300207 | 8,744,874 | D000062:Accidents, Occupational; D000368:Aged; D000383:Agriculture; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D006266:Health Education; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical; D011340:Problem Solving; D012307:Risk Factors; D017751:Safety Management; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D014947:Wounds and Injuries | Health education quarterly | 1,996 | |
A novel gene STYK1/NOK is upregulated in estrogen receptor-alpha negative estrogen receptor-beta positive breast cancer cells following estrogen treatment. | The human STYK1/NOK protein is approximately 30-35% similar to mouse fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 and a kinase homologue in D. melanogaster in the tyrosine protein kinase region. STYK1/NOK was identified as being up regulated in MDA-MB-231, an estrogen receptor-alpha negative breast cancer cell line, following 12 h of estrogen treatment at 1x10(-9) M. On further investigation of STYK1/NOK in estrogen treated cell line MDA-MB-231, STYK1/NOK was up regulated at 6 h post treatment when compared to untreated cells. We also investigated the expression levels of STYK1/NOK in other breast cancer cell lines MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, BT-549, and MDA-MB-435S using QRT-PCR. In addition, the analysis of message accumulation was increased with other synthetic estrogen response modifiers. We propose that the regulation of STYK1/NOK is achieved independent of ERalpha and suggests further investigation to the relevance of this kinase in breast cancer progression. | 10.1007/s11033-006-9047-1 | 17,415,682 | D001943:Breast Neoplasms; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D020847:Estrogen Receptor Modulators; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta; D004967:Estrogens; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D013997:Time Factors; D015854:Up-Regulation | Molecular biology reports | 2,008 | D020847:Estrogen Receptor Modulators; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta; D004967:Estrogens; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; C482299:STYK1 protein, human |
Thyroid nodules and cancer in children and adolescents affected by autoimmune thyroiditis. | OBJECTIVE
To investigate the association between juvenile autoimmune thyroiditis (JAT) and thyroid cancer in pediatric patients.
DESIGN
We conducted a retrospective study among children and adolescents affected by JAT.
SETTINGS
Data from 6 Italian pediatric endocrinology centers were collected.
PARTICIPANTS
Three hundred sixty-five children and adolescents affected by JAT diagnosed at 3.6 to 17.0 years of age.
INTERVENTIONS
All patients underwent clinical examination and thyroid function test every 6 to 12 months and thyroid echography every 12 to 24 months. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy was performed in 39 patients with nodule diameter of 1 cm or larger, as well as in 4 patients with nodule diameter of less than 1 cm and echographic findings suspicious for neoplasm. Twenty-three patients underwent surgery.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Thyroid function, echographic pattern, nodule diameter, the presence of lymphadenopathy, and cytologic and histologic diagnoses were considered.
RESULTS
Thyroid nodules were found in 115 patients; findings in 11 of these were consistent with papillary carcinoma, with 5 exhibiting lymph node metastasis. The prevalence of male sex among patients with cancer was greater than that among patients with JAT (odds ratio [OR], 2.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.44-6.20). The growth of nodules during levothyroxine sodium therapy (OR, 15.60; 95% CI, 1.87-181.90) and the finding of lymphadenopathy (OR, 5.44; 95% CI, 1.05-30.50) were statistically significantly associated with the presence of cancer, while uninodularity and hypoechogenicity were not.
CONCLUSIONS
The observed prevalences of thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer in our JAT case series were 31.5% and 3.0%, respectively. Papillary carcinoma was the only histotype detected. The finding of lymphadenopathy, a lack of response to levothyroxine therapy, and nodule hypoechogenicity suggested malignancy. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy was reliable in selecting patients for referral to surgery. | 10.1001/archpedi.162.6.526 | 18,524,742 | D000293:Adolescent; D044963:Biopsy, Fine-Needle; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013960:Thyroid Function Tests; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms; D016606:Thyroid Nodule; D013967:Thyroiditis, Autoimmune; D014463:Ultrasonography | Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine | 2,008 | |
Evidence that the vasodilator angiotensin-(1-7)-Mas axis plays an important role in erectile function. | The vasodilator/antiproliferative peptide angiotensin-(1-7) [ANG-(1-7)] is released into the corpus cavernosum sinuses, but its role in erectile function has yet to be defined. In this study, we sought to determine whether ANG-(1-7) and its receptor Mas play a role in erectile function. The ANG-(1-7) receptor Mas was immunolocalized in rat corpus cavernosum by confocal microscopy. Infusion of ANG-(1-7) into corpus cavernosum at a rate of 15.5 pmol x kg(-1) x min(-1) potentiated the elevation of the corpus cavernosum pressure induced by electrical stimulation of the major pelvic ganglion (MPG) in rats. The facilitatory effect of ANG-(1-7) was completely blunted by the specific ANG-(1-7) receptor blocker A-779 and N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester. Nitric oxide (NO) release in the corpus cavernosum was evaluated with the fluorescent dye 4-amino-5 methylamino-2',7'-difluorofluorescein diacetate. Electrical stimulated-release of NO in rat corpus cavernosum was potentiated by ANG-(1-7). Furthermore, incubation of rat and mouse corpus cavernosum strips with ANG-(1-7) at 10 nmol/l resulted in an increase of NO release. This effect was completely abolished in mas-deficient mice. More importantly, genetic deletion of Mas resulted in compromised erectile function as demonstrated by penile fibrosis and severely depressed response to electrical stimulation of the MPG. Furthermore, the attenuated erectile function of DOCA-salt hypertensive rats was fully restored by ANG-(1-7) administration. Together these data provide strong evidence for a key role of the ANG-(1-7)-Mas axis in erectile function. | 10.1152/ajpheart.00173.2007 | 17,616,753 | D000803:Angiotensin I; D000804:Angiotensin II; D000818:Animals; D003900:Desoxycorticosterone; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction; D006973:Hypertension; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D010410:Penile Erection; D010413:Penis; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary; D014665:Vasodilator Agents | American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology | 2,007 | C092006:7-Ala-angiotensin (1-7); D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D000804:Angiotensin II; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D003900:Desoxycorticosterone; D000803:Angiotensin I; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; C118790:angiotensin I (1-7); D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester |
Hypertension and risk of uterine leiomyomata in US black women. | BACKGROUND
Previous studies have found a positive association between hypertension and risk of hysterectomy-confirmed uterine leiomyomata (UL). The association of hypertension with UL confirmed by ultrasound or other surgery is less clear.
METHODS
The present study evaluated the association of hypertension with UL incidence according to confirmation method (hysterectomy, other surgery or ultrasound) in the Black Women's Health Study, 1997-2007. We collected prospective data every 2 years on physician-diagnosed hypertension and UL in 22 530 premenopausal women. Validation sub-studies confirmed 99 and 96% of hypertension and UL self-reported diagnoses, respectively. Cox regression was used to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association of hypertension and UL, adjusting for potential confounders.
RESULTS
During 172 162 person-years of follow-up, there were 6447 incident cases of UL confirmed by ultrasound (n = 5111), hysterectomy (n = 670) or other surgery (n = 666). Treated hypertension was associated with UL confirmed by hysterectomy (IRR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.63), but it was not associated with UL confirmed by ultrasound (IRR = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.96, 1.16) or other surgery (IRR = 1.13, 95% CI: 0.88, 1.46).
CONCLUSIONS
Treated hypertension was associated with UL confirmed by hysterectomy, but not UL confirmed by other methods (other surgery or ultrasound). These data suggest it is premature to conclude that hypertension is related to an increased risk of UL. Additional studies are needed to assess whether the association with hysterectomy-confirmed UL can be explained by other sources of bias, such as patient or physician preferences for specific types of medical care. | 10.1093/humrep/des046 | 22,371,286 | D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension; D007889:Leiomyoma; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014481:United States | Human reproduction (Oxford, England) | 2,012 | |
Salmonella infections in a marsupial, the quokka (Setonix brachyurus), in relation to seasonal changes in condition and environmental stress. | An unusual abundance of Salmonella infections was studied in an island population of a wild marsupial, the quokka (Setonix brachyurus), which experiences starvation in summer associated with significant mortality. The frequency of infections was found to vary seasonally over most parts of the island, with high infection rates (70 to 100%) in summer and low infection rates (0 to 30%) in winter. In some samples, there was an average of as many as two isolations per animal, and up to five isolations were made from a single animal. By the end of summer, virtually all animals excreted Salmonella spp., with a median rate of excretion of approximately 3,000 Salmonella organisms per g of feces. The seasonal changes occurred over intervals of only weeks. The infections are believed to be associated with disruption of the digestive physiology of the animals caused by the poor quality of feed available in summer. This conclusion was supported by a quantitative study of the infections and by a field manipulation experiment which delayed the initiation of the infections as long as a food supplement was available. The proliferation of Salmonella spp. is discussed in terms of the ecology of the quokka and of the use of Salmonella spp. as indicators of environmental stress acting on the animals. | 10.1128/aem.49.5.1276-1281.1985 | 4,004,242 | D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D005243:Feces; D008394:Marsupialia; D012475:Salmonella; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal; D012621:Seasons; D013312:Stress, Physiological | Applied and environmental microbiology | 1,985 | |
Clinical evaluation of squamous cell carcinoma antigen in squamous cell carcinoma arising in mature cystic teratoma of the ovary. | We attempted to assess the clinical utility of squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) for detecting squamous cell carcinoma arising in mature cystic teratoma of the ovary. SCC in serum from 16 patients with this malignancy and from 56 patients with mature cystic teratoma without malignancy was measured using radioimmunoassay. Serum SCC levels exceeded the cut-off of 2.0 ng/ml in 9 (56%) of the 16 patients with malignancy. This rate was significantly higher than that in the patients with nonmalignant mature cystic teratoma (9 to 56, 16%; p < 0.01). The positive rate for SCC was as low as 30% for stage I cancer. All cases in which the tumor size was > 500 cm3 had a positive response for SCC, whereas all other cases had a negative response (p < 0.001). SCC is useful as a tumor marker for this malignancy. However, the serum SCC level depends on the tumor volume, so it may not be suitable for early detection of small tumors. | 10.1159/000227475 | 7,777,241 | D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009378:Neoplasms, Multiple Primary; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms; D015843:Serpins; D013724:Teratoma | Oncology | 1,995 | D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D015843:Serpins; C051072:squamous cell carcinoma-related antigen |
Nosocomial legionellosis traced to a contaminated ice machine. | OBJECTIVE
To investigate a case of nosocomial legionellosis, identify pathways of transmission, and effect control of the environmental source.
DESIGN
Case investigation and environmental culture surveillance.
SETTING
A 720-bed university teaching hospital. CASE PATIENT: A ventilator-dependent 66-year-old male developed nosocomial pneumonia due to Legionella pneumophila serogroup 6 after 3 months in an intensive-care unit (ICU). The patient had no intake of potable water except for ice chips from an ice machine in the ICU.
RESULTS
Cultures revealed L pneumophila serogroup 6 in the ice (4.3 colony-forming units/mL) and ice machine cold water (too numerous to count). Cultures from adjacent hot and cold taps, plus taps located near the patient, all were negative; ice machines and cold water on seven other patient units also were negative. Only sterile water had been used for tube feedings, mouth care, suctioning, and ventilator humidification. Hospital hot water previously had been colonized with L pneumophila serogroup 6, but all surveillance water cultures had been negative since chlorination of the hot-water system began the previous year; cold-water cultures had never before grown Legionella. The ice machine was disinfected with a 2-hour flush of 2.625% sodium hypochlorite. The supply line to the ice machine was replaced, and the cold-water pipe from the floor below was treated with 83 ppm sodium hypochlorite for 48 hours. All follow-up surveillance cultures of the ice machine remained negative through mid-1996. No additional cases of nosocomial legionellosis occurred.
CONCLUSIONS
Ice machines may be reservoirs of L pneumophila in hospitals. Both ice and water dispensed from these machines may be contaminated, and nosocomial transmission may occur. Successful long-term decontamination and control can be accomplished with shock chlorination. | 10.1086/647689 | 9,309,436 | D000368:Aged; D003428:Cross Infection; D004197:Disease Reservoirs; D004866:Equipment Contamination; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D007053:Ice; D007877:Legionnaires' Disease; D008297:Male; D009518:New York; D014871:Water Microbiology | Infection control and hospital epidemiology | 1,997 | D007053:Ice |
Arthrogryposis and congenital absence of the anterior cruciate ligament: a case report. | Arthrogryposis is a non-progressive disorder with congenitally soft tissue contractures affecting two or more joints. It can be sporadic, or inherited in an autosomal dominant or recessive fashion. Typically, in the upper limb, the shoulder is in adduction and internal rotation, the elbow is in extension with a lack of skin crease, and the wrist is in flexion with ulnar deviation. In the lower limb, the hip is in flexion, abduction and external rotation, the knee is contracted, with resistant clubfoot and congenital vertical talus. We report a case of a man and his son with a new form of autosomal dominant arthrogryposis associated with congenital absences of the anterior cruciate ligament. This manifestation of arthrogryposis has not been described previously. | 10.1016/j.knee.2008.08.004 | 18,819,806 | D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament; D001176:Arthrogryposis; D001915:Braces; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003025:Clubfoot; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010375:Pedigree; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities | The Knee | 2,009 | |
The Influence of Stroke Location on Cognitive and Mood Impairment. A Voxel-Based Lesion-Symptom Mapping Study. | BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
The role of stroke location as a determinant of mood and cognitive symptoms is still a matter of debate. The aim of this study was to identify the predictive value of ischemic stroke location, on a voxel basis, for mood and cognitive outcome.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A prospective monocentric study including patients with a supratentorial ischemic stroke was conducted. A 3 Tesla brain MRI was performed at baseline. Mood and cognition were assessed using Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HAD), apathy inventory (AI), and Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale subscores, performed at 3 months poststroke. Statistical maps of ischemic stroke location associated with 3 months mood and cognitive scores were obtained using a voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping approach (Brunner and Munzel test). Significant voxels (false discovery rate [FDR] corrected-P < .01) were identified using the standard Montreal Neurological Institute-152 space template.
RESULTS
Two hundred and sixty-five nonsevere stroke patients were included (64% men, mean age 66 ± 14, median National Institute of Health Stroke Score 3, interquartile range 2-6). Ischemic stroke location was not associated with HAD or AI scores. Language, abstraction, and delayed recall performances were mainly associated with left-side hemispheric lesions. Lesions in both hemispheres were associated with lower performances in visuospatial and executive functions, naming, attention, and orientation.
CONCLUSION
Ischemic stroke location does not predict mood outcome at 3 months but is a determinant of cognitive outcome in specific domains. | 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.01.010 | 30,718,064 | D000339:Affect; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001921:Brain; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003071:Cognition; D003072:Cognition Disorders; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019964:Mood Disorders; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020521:Stroke; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome | Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association | 2,019 | |
[An outbreak of enterocolitis due to Clostridium perfringens in a hospital for the severely disabled]. | We had an outbreak of 14 cases of enterocolitis due to Clostridium perfringens (Cl. perfringens) in a hospital for the severe multiply-disabled, where the 100 disabled were admitted, in summer in 1985. The signs and symptoms shown by this enterocolitis were primarily diarrhea without fever and loss of appetite. The feces of 10 cases were examined bacteriologically. The test showed 10(3) to 10(6) cells of Cl. perfringens per one gram of their feces and all the strains isolated were untypable by the classification of Hobbs. Nine out of 10 cases were randomly selected and all of the 9 cases were proved to have enterotoxin producing strains. All the strains were highly sensitive to many kinds of antibiotics except kanamycin and gentamicin. Eleven out of the 14 cases were admitted in the same ward and the 7 out of the 11 cases were in the same room of this ward. Considering the spreading route of this infection, it is unlikely that this outbreak occurred due to food supplied from kitchen in this hospital, because all of the disabled, admitted in this hospital, had little chance by which some of the disabled only in a specific ward or room were supplied with bacteriologically contaminated meals from the point of view of cooking and supplying system of this hospital. Adding to this fact, if this outbreak was due to food-born infection, the symptoms of most patients should occur within 1-2 days, because the incubation period of this disease is within a day, however, the patients increased day by day for more than a week.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) | 10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.63.410 | 2,550,564 | D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003016:Clostridium perfringens; D003428:Cross Infection; D006233:Disabled Persons; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D004760:Enterocolitis; D005260:Female; D005516:Food Microbiology; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male | Kansenshogaku zasshi. The Journal of the Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases | 1,989 | |
Intestinal calcium absorption in the aged rat: evidence of intestinal resistance to 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D. | We investigated the role of circulating 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH)2D) and intestinal resistance to 1,25(OH)2D in the diminished intestinal calcium absorption capacity of the senescent rat. We measured plasma 1,25(OH)2D, total and unoccupied duodenal vitamin D receptor, duodenal calbindin D9k protein (calbindin D), and net dietary calcium absorption in rats at several ages. As expected, circulating 1,25(OH)2D, calbindin D, and net calcium absorption decreased with age. However, no age-related changes were evident in intestinal vitamin D receptor levels. We then measured duodenal calcium absorption from in situ intestinal loops after continuous s.c. infusion of 1,25(OH)2D for up to 6 days and found that despite a marked elevation of plasma 1,25(OH)2D duodenal calcium absorption was significantly lower in old compared with young rats. To assess calcium absorption over a wide physiological range of plasma 1,25(OH)2D, in a dose-response study we altered plasma 1,25(OH)2D by continuous infusion of 1,25(OH)2D (at 0, 4, or 14 ng/100 g BW/day) for 9 days. We found that the slope of the linear regression between plasma 1,25(OH)2D and duodenal Ca transport in old rats was only 46% of that observed in young rats, suggesting an age-related resistance of the duodenal calcium transport process to the hormonal action of 1,25(OH)2D. Collectively, our observations suggest a dual defect in vitamin D metabolism in old animals: one defect related to the low circulating levels of 1,25(OH)2D and a second defect related to a relative intestinal resistance to the action of 1,25(OH)2D, which is apparently not due to a reduction in intestinal vitamin D receptor levels. | 10.1210/endo.139.9.6176 | 9,724,038 | D000042:Absorption; D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D064026:Calbindins; D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D004351:Drug Resistance; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa; D007422:Intestines; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; D064030:S100 Calcium Binding Protein G; D014807:Vitamin D | Endocrinology | 1,998 | D064026:Calbindins; D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; D064030:S100 Calcium Binding Protein G; C576506:S100G protein, human; C576508:S100g protein, rat; D014807:Vitamin D; C097949:1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D |
The impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus on daily functioning. | BACKGROUND
Traditionally, health and the outcomes of medical treatment have been measured in terms of morbidity, incidence or prevalence of disease, or even mortality. This disease model provides an adequate framework for acute illnesses, but for chronic diseases, severity and their effect on everyday functioning are paramount. For chronic diseases, functional health status, as a vital part of quality of life, is now recognized as an important outcome measure of the GP's care.
OBJECTIVE
We aimed to assess the impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus on functional health status in Dutch general practice.
METHOD
We conducted a cross-sectional study of the functional health status of all patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus under 85 in two general practices, using the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP) and the COOP/WONCA charts. A control group of non-diabetic patients was selected, matched for practice, sex and age.
RESULTS
In total, 127 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and 127 controls participated in the study, the responses being 78 and 70%, respectively. Between these groups the following were significantly different: the SIP subscore Physical, the SIP sum score and the COOP/WONCA scores for physical fitness and overall health. Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were 2.46 (95% CI 1.5-4.1) times more likely to experience functional impairment. Cardiovascular morbidity (odds ratio 2.5, 95% CI 1.3-4.7), locomotory morbidity (odds ratio 2.6, 95% CI 1.4-5.1) and diabetes itself (odds ratio 1.4, 95% CI 1.1-1.9) were significantly associated with the presence of functional impairment.
CONCLUSION
This study demonstrates the impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus on functional status, particularly in relation to cardiovascular morbidity. | 10.1093/fampra/16.2.133 | 10,381,018 | D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D011320:Primary Health Care; D011788:Quality of Life; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires | Family practice | 1,999 | |
Spirituality, religiosity, and dealing with illness in Arabic and German patients. | OBJECTIVE
To investigate the impact of spirituality and religiosity (SpR) in Arabic patients with a Muslim background as compared to patients from Western Germany.
METHODS
A total of 66 Arabic patients with hypertension were recruited between November 2005 and June 2006 consecutively at Al-Razi Hospital and Khalil Sulaiman Hospital in Jenin (Palestine) and completed the translated SpREUK questionnaire (SpREUK is an acronym of the German translation of spiritual and religious attitudes in dealing with illness). One hundred and eighty German patients were matched according to age, marital status, gender, and chronic diseases.
RESULTS
Arabic patients with a Muslim background had significantly higher scores for all 4 SpREUK scales than German patients, namely, Search for meaningful support, Trust in higher source, Positive interpretation of disease, and Support in relations of life through SpR.
CONCLUSION
For Muslims, the spiritual causes of disease are regarded much more as given by Allah, but this does neither impair faith as observed in German patients nor the positive interpretation of disease. It is of high importance to acknowledge these differences due to individuals with different SpR attitudes significantly differ in the way they find meaning in disease and hold in their spiritual source. | 17,530,114 | D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018912:Arabs; D002835:Christianity; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D007514:Islam; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012068:Religion and Medicine; D029181:Spirituality; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires | Saudi medical journal | 2,007 | ||
Subcellular distribution of ATP-stimulated and ADP-inhibited acetyl-CoA hydrolase in livers from control and clofibrate-treated rats: comparison of the cytosolic and peroxisomal enzyme. | An extramitochondrial acetyl-CoA hydrolase [EC 3.1.2.1] in the rat liver, which is stimulated by ATP and inhibited by ADP, is known to be extremely cold-labile. During subcellular fractionations at low temperatures (2-4 degrees C), most of the enzyme activity was lost; however, most could be recovered by rewarming at 37 degrees C in the presence of a high concentration of potassium phosphate. This enabled us to measure the activities of cold-treated samples. The majority of the ATP-stimulated and ADP-inhibited acetyl-CoA hydrolase activity in rat livers was detected in the cytosolic fraction and small amounts were detected in the peroxisomal fraction. The activity of peroxisomal ATP-stimulated acetyl-CoA hydrolase was not noticeably increased after clofibrate-treatment. However, the cytosolic activity greatly increased after clofibrate treatment. The activity in the isolated peroxisomal fraction per g of liver was about 5% of that in the cytosolic fraction of liver from the control and about 2% in that from clofibrate-treated rats. Besides having similar nucleotide (ATP and ADP) sensitivity and cold lability, the enzyme protein in the peroxisomal fraction migrated to the same position as the cytosolic acetyl-CoA hydrolase based on Western blot analysis with antibody against purified acetyl-CoA hydrolase from rat liver cytosol. These results suggest that the peroxisomal enzyme and cytosolic enzyme may be the same entity. | 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a124337 | 7,911,463 | D000104:Acetyl-CoA Hydrolase; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D000818:Animals; D002458:Cell Fractionation; D002994:Clofibrate; D003080:Cold Temperature; D003600:Cytosol; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D008099:Liver; D008297:Male; D008830:Microbodies; D051381:Rats | Journal of biochemistry | 1,994 | D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D000104:Acetyl-CoA Hydrolase; D002994:Clofibrate |
Effects of the head lift exercise and neuromuscular electrical stimulation on swallowing muscles activity in healthy older adults: a randomized pilot study. | PURPOSE
Swallowing physiology exhibits several changes in advanced ages. The present study aimed to investigate and compare effects of a period of the head lift exercise (HLE) and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on swallowing muscles activity in healthy elderly.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
A total of 23 older adults were randomized to either the HLE or NMES group for ten therapy sessions. They received pre- and post-therapy surface electromyography (sEMG) during water swallowing.
RESULTS
For the HLE group, duration of suprahyoid muscles activity was significantly reduced at post-intervention compared to pre-intervention (p=0.036). Moreover after treatments, duration and latency between onset and peak amplitude of suprahyoid muscles activity was significantly shorter in the HLE group compare to the NMES group (respectively, p=0.007 and p=0.003).
CONCLUSION
Our findings suggest that the HLE, against the NMES, may be effective in reducing some aging effects on the suprahyoid muscles activity, especially in elders who demonstrate prolonged duration and latency between onset and peak of the suprahyoid muscles activity during swallowing. | 10.2147/CIA.S209055 | 31,417,244 | D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003679:Deglutition; D003680:Deglutition Disorders; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D004576:Electromyography; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009334:Neck Muscles; D010865:Pilot Projects | Clinical interventions in aging | 2,019 | |
Rare aggressive solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the ovary with metastatic disease following surgical resection. | Extra-pancreatic solid pseudopapillary neoplasms (SPNs) are rare tumours with an overall favourable prognosis and low malignant potential. SPNs with metastatic spread, distant lymph node metastasis and extrapancreatic origin are exceedingly rare. Significant controversy regarding the treatment and the management of metastatic disease exists and, currently, there are no standardised guidelines or treatment recommendations for the use of adjuvant therapy. In this case report, the authors present a patient with widely metastatic SPN of likely ovarian origin with the invasion of the inguinal lymph nodes and multiple abdominal metastatic deposits. Using the currently available literature, the authors discuss treatment options for metastatic SPN of the ovary and highlight the need for continued research in this important field. | 10.1136/bcr-2020-238136 | 33,298,496 | D000328:Adult; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography | BMJ case reports | 2,020 | |
Antepartum reversal of hematologic abnormalities associated with the HELLP syndrome. A report of three cases. | The "HELLP syndrome" refers to the occurrence of thrombocytopenia, elevated liver enzymes and, at times, hemolysis in patients with preeclampsia. Although uncontrolled series have reported a reversal of thrombocytopenia and elevated liver enzymes with aspirin and colloid infusion, most authors recommend that delivery be done soon after the diagnosis is made. The abnormal laboratory parameters of the HELLP syndrome may be reversed completely with bed rest alone, and with preterm gestations, conservative management may be possible. | 3,950,889 | D000328:Adult; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D001510:Bed Rest; D005260:Female; D006461:Hemolysis; D006801:Humans; D008107:Liver Diseases; D010976:Platelet Count; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia; D011247:Pregnancy; D011250:Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic; D013577:Syndrome; D013921:Thrombocytopenia | The Journal of reproductive medicine | 1,986 | D000410:Alanine Transaminase |
|
Deer browsing and soil disturbance induce cascading effects on plant communities: a multilevel path analysis. | Understanding how large herbivores shape plant diversity patterns is an important challenge in community ecology, especially because many ungulate populations in the northern hemisphere have recently expanded. Because species within plant communities can exhibit strong interactions (e.g., competition, facilitation), selective foraging by large herbivores is likely not only to affect the abundance of palatable species, but also to induce cascading effects across entire plant communities. To investigate these possibilities, we first tested the effects of deer browsing and soil disturbance on herbaceous plant diversity patterns in boreal forest, using standard analyses of variance. Second, we evaluated direct and indirect effects of deer browsing and soil disturbance on the small-scale richness of herbaceous taxa using a multilevel path analysis approach. The first set of analyses showed that deer browsing and soil disturbance influenced herb richness. Path analyses revealed that deer browsing and soil disturbance influenced richness via complex chains of interactions, involving dominant (i.e., the most abundant) browsing-tolerant (DBT) taxa and white birch (Betula papyrifera), a species highly preferred by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). We found no evidence that an increase of white birch in fenced quadrats was the direct cause of a decrease in herb richness. However, we found strong evidence that a higher abundance of DBT taxa (i.e., graminoids and Circium arvense), both in fenced and unfenced quadrats, increased herb layer richness. We propose an empirical model in which competitive interactions between white birch and DBT taxa regulate the strength of facilitative relationships between the abundance of DBT taxa and herb richness. In this model, deer browsing and the intensity of soil disturbance initiate a complex chain of cascading effects in boreal plant communities by controlling the abundance of white birch. | 10.1890/09-2100.1 | 21,563,575 | D000818:Animals; D003670:Deer; D017753:Ecosystem; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D010944:Plants; D011792:Quebec; D012987:Soil | Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America | 2,011 | D012987:Soil |
Effect of Wii-intervention on balance of children with poor motor performance. | The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of training with the Wii-balance board on balance and balance-related skills of children with poor motor performance. Twenty-nine children (23 boys, 6 girls; aged 7-12 years) participated in this study and were randomly assigned to an experimental and control group. All children scored below the 16th percentile on a standardized test of motor ability and balance skills (Movement Assessment Battery for children (M-ABC-2)). Before and after a six-week Wii-intervention (M=8h, 22 min, SD=53 min), the balance skills of the experimental group and control group were measured with the M-ABC-2 and the Bruininks-Oseretsky test of motor proficiency (BOT-2). Both groups improved on all tests. The M-ABC-2 and the BOT-2 total balance-scores of the experimental group improved significantly from pre to post intervention, whereas those of the control group showed no significant progress. This resulted in significant interaction-effects, favoring the experimental children. No transfer-effects of the intervention on balance-related skills were demonstrated. Our findings showed that the Wii-balance board is an effective intervention for children with poor balance control. Further development and investigation of the intervention could be directed toward the implementation of the newly acquired balance-skills in daily life. | 23,827,983 | D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009048:Motor Skills; D019957:Motor Skills Disorders; D009068:Movement; D004856:Postural Balance; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018910:Video Games | Research in developmental disabilities | 2,013 | ||
Quantitative proteomics reveals that dormancy-related proteins mediate the attenuation in mycobacterium strains. | Although members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) exhibit high similarity, they are characterized by differences with respect to virulence, immune response, and transmissibility. To understand the virulence of these bacteria and identify potential novel therapeutic targets, we systemically investigated the total cell protein contents of virulent H37Rv, attenuated H37Ra, and avirulent M. bovis BCG vaccine strains at the log and stationary phases, based on tandem mass tag (TMT) quantitative proteomics. Data analysis revealed that we obtained deep-coverage protein identification and high quantification. Although 272 genetic variations were reported in H37Ra and H37Rv, they showed very little expression difference in log and stationary phase. Quantitative comparison revealed H37Ra and H37Rv had significantly dysregulation in log phase (227) compared with stationary phase (61). While BCG and H37Rv, and BCG and H37Ra showed notable differences in stationary phase (1171 and 1124) with respect to log phase (381 and 414). In the log phase, similar patterns of protein abundance were observed between H37Ra and BCG, whereas a more similar expression pattern was observed between H37Rv and H37Ra in the stationary phase. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that the upregulated proteins detected for H37Rv and H37Ra in log phase were virulence-related factors. In both log and stationary phases, the dysregulated proteins detected for BCG, which have also been identified as M. tuberculosis response proteins under dormancy conditions. We accordingly describe the proteomic profiles of H37Rv, H37Ra, and BCG, which we believe will potentially provide a better understanding of H37Rv pathogenesis, H37Ra attenuation, and BCG immuno protection. | 10.1080/21505594.2021.1965703 | 34,634,997 | D001500:BCG Vaccine; D006801:Humans; D009163:Mycobacterium bovis; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis; D040901:Proteomics; D014376:Tuberculosis; D014774:Virulence; D037521:Virulence Factors | Virulence | 2,021 | D001500:BCG Vaccine; D037521:Virulence Factors |
Impact of Starmerella bacillaris and Zygosaccharomyces bailii on ethanol reduction and Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolism during mixed wine fermentations. | The bulk of grape juice fermentation is carried out by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but non-Saccharomyces yeasts can modulate many sensorial aspects of the final products in ways not well understood. In this study, some of such non-conventional yeasts were screened as mixed starter cultures in a defined growth medium in both simultaneous and sequential inoculations. One strain of Starmerella bacillaris and another of Zygosaccharomyces bailii were chosen by their distinct phenotypic footprint and their ability to reduce ethanol levels at the end of fermentation. S. bacillaris losses viability strongly at the end of mixed fermentations, while Z. bailii remains viable. S. cerevisiae viability was unchanged by the presence of the other yeasts. Physiological characterization of both strains indicates that S. bacillaris behavior is overall more different from S. cerevisiae than Z. bailii. In addition, S. cerevisiae transcriptome changes to a bigger degree in the presence of S. bacillaris in comparison to mixed fermentation with Z. bailii. S. bacillaris induces the translation machinery and repress vesicular transport. Both non-Saccharomyces yeasts induce S. cerevisiae glycolytic genes, and that may be related to ethanol lowering, but some aspects of carbon-related mechanisms are specific for each strain. Z. bailii presence increases the stress-related polysaccharides trehalose and glycogen, while S. bacillaris induces gluconeogenesis genes. | 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111649 | 35,940,817 | D000431:Ethanol; D005285:Fermentation; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae; D004718:Saccharomycetales; D014920:Wine | Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.) | 2,022 | D000431:Ethanol |
Drug network identification predicts injecting risk behavior among people who inject drugs on hepatitis C virus treatment in Tayside, Scotland. | The risk of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) acquisition among People Who Inject Drugs (PWID) remains high when injecting risk behavior within networks endures. Several psychosocial factors influence such behavior. Following a drive within Tayside, a geographic region in Scotland, to achieve World Health Organization HCV elimination targets, addressing HCV re-infection risk as a barrier to elimination is critically important. This cross-sectional study seeks to address this barrier to elimination by investigating associations between group identification (one's subjective sense of belonging and connectedness to a social group coupled with a sense of shared goals, beliefs and values with the other members of the group) and injecting risk behavior among PWID on HCV treatment at needle and syringe provision sites in Tayside. Participants completed psychosocial questionnaires between treatment weeks zero and three of treatment. Correlation analyses were undertaken, and significant factors included in multiple linear regression models for injecting risk behavior. Injecting frequency, drug network identification, and family identification, were correlated with injecting risk behavior, and drug network identification had a positive predictive on injecting risk behavior. Identification with a social group, conventionally associated with improved health, may pose health risks in specific contexts. Healthcare providers should consider stratifying individuals with higher group identification with PWID networks for enhanced harm reduction engagement to mitigate transmissible infection risk among PWID. Additionally, psychological interventions to strengthen group identification with networks which impact positively on health behavior should be explored. | 10.1080/08964289.2022.2142501 | 36,411,523 | Behavioral medicine (Washington, D.C.) | 2,022 | ||
PROTOCOL: Treatment for depressive disorder among adults: An evidence and gap map of systematic reviews. | This is the protocol for a Campbell evidence and gap map. The objective of the map is to map available systematic reviews on the effectiveness of treatments for depressive disorders among adults. Specifically, this EGM includes studies on the effectiveness of treatments across a range of outcome domains. | 10.1002/cl2.1308 | 36,911,856 | Campbell systematic reviews | 2,023 | ||
Pediatric infectious disease physician perceptions of antimicrobial stewardship programs. | Pediatric antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) improve antibiotic use for hospitalized children. Prescriber surveys indicate acceptance of ASPs, but data on infectious diseases (ID) physician opinions of ASPs are lacking. We conducted a survey of pediatric ID physicians, ASP and non-ASP, and their perceptions of ASP practices and outcomes. | 10.1017/ice.2022.183 | 35,938,450 | D006801:Humans; D002648:Child; D000073602:Antimicrobial Stewardship; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D010820:Physicians; D003141:Communicable Diseases | Infection control and hospital epidemiology | 2,023 | D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents |
Integration of Oral Health into Primary Health Care System: Views of Primary Health Care Workers in Lagos State, Nigeria. | The limited access to oral health care in developing countries can be greatly improved by integrating oral health into the Primary Health Care (PHC) system. This study was designed to assess the views of PHC workers on integrating oral health care into the PHC system. A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted in two selected local government areas of Lagos State. The instrument contained three sections assessing sociodemographic features, knowledge of common oral diseases and views on integration of oral health into PHC respectively. The mean knowledge score was 7.75 (SD=±1.81), while 60.4% of the respondents had average knowledge scores. Educational status (P=0.018) and designation (P=0.033) were significantly related to the mean knowledge scores. There was no significant difference in the oral health knowledge of the various cadres (P=0.393). Majority (85.4%) of the respondents were willing to include oral health education in their job schedule and 82% believed they needed more training on oral health. The knowledge of the respondents on the causes of the common oral diseases was deficient. Oral health education should be included in the future curriculum of these personnel. | 10.4081/jphia.2014.328 | 28,299,117 | Journal of public health in Africa | 2,014 | ||
3D-QSAR studies of 2,2-diphenylpropionates to aid discovery of novel potent muscarinic antagonists. | Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) consisting of five known subtypes, are widely distributed in both central and peripheral nervous systems for regulation of a variety of critical functions. The present theoretical study describes correlations between experimental and calculated molecular properties of 15 alpha-substituted 2,2-diphenylpropionate antimuscarinics using quantum chemical and pharmacophore generation methods to characterize the drug mAChR properties and design new therapeutics. The calculated stereoelectronic properties, such as total energies, bond distances, valence angles, torsion angles, HOMO-LUMO energies, reactivity indices, vibrational frequencies of ether and carbonyl moieties, and nitrogen atom proton affinity were found to be well correlated when compared with experimentally determined inhibition constants from the literature using three muscarinic receptor assays: [(3)H]NMS receptor binding, alpha-amylase release from rat pancreas, and guinea pig ileum contraction. In silico predicted toxicity on rat oral LD(50) values correlated well with the [(3)H]NMS binding in N4TG1 cells and alpha-amylase release assays, but not the ileum contraction assay. Next, to explore the functional requirements for potent activity of the compounds, we developed a preliminary 3D pharmacophore model using the in silico techniques. The resulting model contained a hydrogen bond acceptor site on the carbonyl oxygen atom and a ring aromatic feature on one of the two aromatic rings in these compounds. This model was used as a template to search an in-house database for novel analogs. We found compounds equal in inhibition potency to atropine and, importantly, six not reported before as antimuscarinics. These results demonstrate that this QSAR approach not only provides a basis for understanding the molecular mechanism of action but a pharmacophore to aid in the discovery and design of novel potent muscarinic antagonists. | 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.04.001 | 19,409,797 | D000818:Animals; D001285:Atropine; D002460:Cell Line; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D007085:Ilium; D015394:Molecular Structure; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; D010179:Pancreas; D011422:Propionates; D021281:Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship; D011789:Quantum Theory; D051381:Rats | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry | 2,009 | D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; D011422:Propionates; D001285:Atropine |
Video-assisted thoracoscopic treatment for spontaneous pneumothorax as two-day surgery. | BACKGROUND
To see whether video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for spontaneous pneumothorax (SP) as 2-day surgery is a safe and cost-effective procedure, we retrospectively compared VATS as 2-day surgery with standard VATS.
METHODS
From April 1994 to March 2000, 139 SP patients were operated on: 115 patients were operated on by means of standard VATS and 24 were treated by 2-day surgery. The parameters we compared were the postoperative complications, hospitalization cost, and relapses.
RESULTS
Excepting that 2 of those selected for 2-day surgery required another hospitalization, short-term complications were considered to be similar for the two groups. The median economic cost of 2-day surgery was about $5,822 US dollars and was lower than that of standard VATS. The difference in the recurrence rate between the two groups was not significant.
CONCLUSIONS
We conclude that VATS as 2-day surgery is a safe and cost-effective procedure. | 10.1016/s0002-9610(00)00448-7 | 11,084,122 | D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011030:Pneumothorax; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020775:Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome | American journal of surgery | 2,000 | |
Somatostatin mediates nitric oxide production by activating sst(2) receptors in the rat retina. | Somatostatin and its receptors (ssts) are found in the retina. Recent evidence suggested the involvement of sst(2A) and sst(2B) receptors in the regulation of nitric oxide (NO) (). In this study, we investigated further the localization of sst(1), sst(3)-sst(5), and the possible involvement of all subtypes, present in the rat retina, in the regulation of NO production. Polyclonal antibodies raised against sst(1), sst(3-5) were applied to 10-14 micro m cryostat sections of rat retinas fixed in paraformaldehyde. NADPH-diaphorase reactivity was assessed histochemically. The levels of NO in rat retinal explants were assessed by the production of its stable metabolites NO(2)(-) and NO(3)(-). sst(1) immunofluorescence was detected mainly in the retinal pigment epithelium, blood vessels of the inner retina, where it was colocalized with NADPH-diaphorase, and in processes of the inner plexiform layer (IPL). sst(4) immunohistochemistry was found in ganglion cell bodies, where it was colocalized with NADPH-diaphorase, processes of the IPL and ganglion cell layer, and optic nerve fibers. sst(3) or sst(5) immunostain was not detected. Somatostatin increased NO production and this effect was mimicked only by the sst(2) specific analog L-779976. The sst(2) antagonist CYN-154806 blocked the L-779976 increase of NO production. These results present conclusive evidence that somatostatin's role in the retina involves the regulation of NO by an sst(2) mechanism. | 10.1016/s0028-3908(02)00181-8 | 12,384,175 | D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009252:NADPH Dehydrogenase; D009566:Nitrates; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D009573:Nitrites; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin; D012160:Retina; D013004:Somatostatin | Neuropharmacology | 2,002 | D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin; C106140:somatostatin receptor sst2A; C098681:somatostatin receptor subtype-4; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D013004:Somatostatin; D009252:NADPH Dehydrogenase |
Identification of a disulfide bridge connecting the alpha-subunits of the extracellular domain of the insulin receptor. | The alpha 2 beta 2 structure of the insulin receptor has previously been shown to involve one disulfide bridge between the alpha-subunits in the region containing Cys435, Cys468 and Cys524. We have digested the soluble extracellular domain of the insulin receptor with succinylated trypsin, partially separated the resulting peptides, and sequenced a number of fractions. The peptides containing Cys435 and Cys468 appeared in the same fraction, indicating that these two form a disulfide bond, and in another fraction we found the sequence of the peptide containing Cys524. Since it has been shown that the extracellular domain of the insulin receptor has no free thiols and since no other sequences containing cysteine were found in these fractions, we conclude that Cys524 forms a disulfide bond to the Cys524 in the other alpha-subunit. | 10.1016/0006-291x(92)92250-2 | 1,472,036 | D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D006224:Cricetinae; D003545:Cysteine; D004220:Disulfides; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011972:Receptor, Insulin; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014162:Transfection; D014357:Trypsin | Biochemical and biophysical research communications | 1,992 | D004220:Disulfides; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D011972:Receptor, Insulin; D014357:Trypsin; D003545:Cysteine |
Relocation after a disaster: posttraumatic stress disorder in Armenia after the earthquake. | OBJECTIVE
To explore the relationship between exposure to the earthquake in Armenia on December 7, 1988, and relocation from the disaster zone, and the subsequent development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and behavioral difficulties in children.
METHOD
The PTSD module of the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents-Revised and the Depression Self-Rating Scale were administered to 25 children, aged 11 through 13 years, who had high exposure to the earthquake and remained in the earthquake city. They were compared with a demographically similar group of 24 children exposed to the earthquake who were relocated to another city after the earthquake and 25 nonexposed children. For each child the mothers responded to the Child Behavior Checklist and the teachers responded to the Teacher's Report Form.
RESULTS
The hypothesis that relocated children would present with less PTSD, depression, and behavioral problems was not confirmed. Both groups of children with high exposure to the earthquake, one remaining in the earthquake city and one relocating, demonstrated significantly higher rates of PTSD, depression, and behavioral difficulties than the comparison group. There were no differences between the relocated children and those who remained in the earthquake zone.
CONCLUSION
Children who were relocated after a natural disaster did no worse than children who remained in the disaster zone. Relocation should be considered as an alternative after catastrophic natural disasters in situations where resources are so limited that rebuilding cannot take place for an indefinite period of time. | 10.1097/00004583-199603000-00020 | 8,714,327 | D000293:Adolescent; D001136:Armenia; D002648:Child; D003866:Depressive Disorder; D004190:Disasters; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic | Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry | 1,996 | |
Population-based cohort study on the risk of pneumonia in patients with non-traumatic intracranial haemorrhage who use proton pump inhibitors. | OBJECTIVES
This nationwide cohort study investigated the association between proton pump inhibitor (PPI) usage and the risk of pneumonia in patients with non-traumatic intracranial haemorrhage (ICH).
DESIGN
Nationwide population-based cohort study.
SETTING
Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2010 (LHID2010) sampled from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database.
PARTICIPANTS
4644 patients with non-traumatic ICH from 2010 to 2011 were identified. Patients aged <18 years and newly diagnosed with non-traumatic ICH complicated with pneumonia during the same admission period were excluded. A total of 2170 participants were eligible for the final analysis.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
Patients using PPIs or not during the study period were tracked to identify the occurrence of any type of pneumonia.
RESULTS
The adjusted HR of the risk of pneumonia for ICH patients who used PPIs was 1.61 (95% CI 1.32 to 1.97, p<0.001). The risk of pneumonia was positively associated with the administration of PPIs. We observed a greater risk of pneumonia in patients who used PPIs than in those who did not. Moreover, we observed that the risk of pneumonia in patients who used PPIs was 2.60 and 2.04 (95% CI 2.01 to 3.38, p<0.001; 95% CI 1.34 to 3.10, p<0.001) greater than that in patients who did not use PPIs when the defined daily dose was <30 and 30-60, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study indicate that the use of PPIs in patients with non-traumatic ICH is associated with an increased risk of pneumonia, and the severity of this risk depends on the defined daily dose. Physicians should exercise caution when prescribing PPIs for patients with non-traumatic ICH. | 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006710 | 25,384,687 | D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020300:Intracranial Hemorrhages; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011014:Pneumonia; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D055815:Young Adult | BMJ open | 2,014 | D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors |
The US framework for understanding, preventing, and caring for the mental health needs of service members who served in combat in Afghanistan and Iraq: a brief review of the issues and the research. | This paper reviews the psychological health research conducted in the United States in support of combat veterans from Iraq and Afghanistan, using the Military Psychological Health Research Continuum, which includes foundational science, epidemiology, etiology, prevention and screening, treatment, follow-up care, and services research. The review is limited to those studies involving combat veterans and military families. This review discusses perplexing issues regarding the impact of combat on the mental health of service members such as risk and resilience factors of mental health, biomarkers of posttraumatic stress syndrome (PTSD), mental health training, psychological screening, psychological debriefing, third location decompression, combat and suicide, the usefulness of psychotherapy and drug therapy for treating PTSD, role of advanced technology, telemedicine and virtual reality, methods to reduce stigma and barriers to care, and best approaches to the dissemination of evidence-based interventions. The mental health research of special populations such as women, National Guardsmen and reservists, and military families is also presented. The review concludes by identifying future areas of research. | 10.3402/ejpt.v5.24713 | 25,206,943 | European journal of psychotraumatology | 2,014 | ||
Exploiting the effect of dietary supplementation of small ruminants on resilience and resistance against gastrointestinal nematodes. | This paper focuses on targeted nutritional supplementation as a means to reduce the requirement for chemotherapeutic control of gastrointestinal nematode infection of small ruminants and considers the limitations to practical application. Supplementary feeding, particularly with additional dietary protein, can assist resilience to infection during times when metabolic resources are being directed towards dealing with the pathophysiological effects of infection and away from production of meat, milk and fibre. Substantial experimental evidence from studies of both sheep and goats supports this hypothesis particularly in relation to young lambs and kids after weaning and in ewes around parturition. In addition, nutritional supplementation frequently increases resistance to infection, as indicated by decreased faecal worm egg counts and worm burdens. As a result, supplementation has the potential to reduce the requirement for anthelmintic treatment. Practical application of this knowledge can, however, be quite complex in many small ruminant production systems. In general, strategic supplementation should target those times when nutrient requirements are greatest and provide those nutrients which are deficient whether protein, energy, minerals or trace elements. Complexity arises when we consider that nutrient requirements will differ between localities for different species and breed of host, at different stages of growth and reproduction, with differing seasonal availability of forage, with different species of nematodes and different levels of established infections and exposure to infective stages. As a starting point, the provision of nutrients to optimize rumen function and animal performance in the particular production system should assist in maintaining resilience to nematode infection. Provision of nutrients in excess of this requirement, if economically feasible, may yield further benefits in some situations and reduce the need for alternative control measures for gastrointestinal nematode parasites. | 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.04.026 | 16,765,520 | D000821:Animal Feed; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004351:Drug Resistance; D015511:Goat Diseases; D006041:Goats; D007411:Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D012418:Ruminants; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases | Veterinary parasitology | 2,006 | |
Mutagen sensitivity of Neurospora meiotic mutants. | The Neurospora meiotic mutants, mei-1, mei-2, mei-3, and mei-4 were tested for cross sensitivity to mutagens. Mei-2 and mei-3 are sensitive to MMS, gamma-irradiation and histidine. Mei-2 is not sensitive to ultraviolet (UV) at 20 degrees C. Tests with recombinants with crossovers to either side of mei-2 or mei-3 show that these traits are the pleiotropic properties of a single gene which also determines meiotic behavior. The mei-2 gene maps to the right of al-3 on linkage group V. It is not allelic to mus-11. Upon backcrossing, the originally dominant meiotic effect of mei-2 becomes recessive to partially dominant. The histidine sensitivity is recessive. | 10.1139/g83-003 | 6,220,799 | D000483:Alleles; D005720:Gamma Rays; D006639:Histidine; D006720:Homozygote; D008540:Meiosis; D008741:Methyl Methanesulfonate; D009153:Mutagens; D009154:Mutation; D009491:Neurospora; D009492:Neurospora crassa | Canadian journal of genetics and cytology. Journal canadien de genetique et de cytologie | 1,983 | D009153:Mutagens; D006639:Histidine; D008741:Methyl Methanesulfonate |
Metformin for weight reduction in non-diabetic patients on antipsychotic drugs: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | Weight gain is a clinically important side effect of antipsychotic drug therapy. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the antidiabetic drug metformin on antipsychotic-induced weight gain in non-diabetic patients. In a systematic literature review we identified 195 citations from which seven randomized, placebo-controlled studies (398 patients) were included in the final analysis. Studies in adults (n = 5) and in children (n = 2) were analysed separately. Compared with placebo, metformin treatment caused a significant body weight reduction in adult non-diabetic patients treated with atypical antipsychotics (4.8%, 95% CI 1.6 to 8.0) and in children (4.1%, 95% CI 2.2 to 6.0). There was evidence of substantial heterogeneity among studies, and when the analysis was restricted to patients with a manifest (>10%) body weight increase prior to randomisation metformin reduced weight by 7.5% (95% CI 2.9 to 12.0). The effect was larger in Asians (7.8%, 95% CI 4.4 to 11.2) than in Hispanics (2.0%, 95% CI 0.7 to 3.3). In conclusion, metformin has a pronounced weight-reducing effect in antipsychotic-treated patients, especially in those with a manifest weight gain. Although direct comparisons are lacking, the observed effect on body weight compares favourably with the effect of sibutramine and orlistat, approved for weight reduction. However, metformin is not approved for use in non-diabetic patients and it is still not generally advisable to recommend metformin to counteract antipsychotic-induced weight gain. | 10.1177/0269881109353461 | 20,080,925 | D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D008687:Metformin; D044469:Racial Groups; D015430:Weight Gain; D015431:Weight Loss | Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) | 2,011 | D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D008687:Metformin |
MethyLight droplet digital PCR for detection and absolute quantification of infrequently methylated alleles. | Aberrant DNA methylation is a common epigenetic alteration found in colorectal adenomas and cancers and plays a role in cancer initiation and progression. Aberrantly methylated DNA loci can also be found infrequently present in normal colon tissue, where they seem to have potential to be used as colorectal cancer (CRC) risk biomarkers. However, detection and precise quantification of the infrequent methylation events seen in normal colon is likely beyond the capability of commonly used PCR technologies. To determine the potential for methylated DNA loci as CRC risk biomarkers, we developed MethyLight droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assays and compared their performance to the widely used conventional MethyLight PCR. Our analyses demonstrated the capacity of MethyLight ddPCR to detect a single methylated NTRK3 allele from among more than 3125 unmethylated alleles, 25-fold more sensitive than conventional MethyLight PCR. The MethyLight ddPCR assay detected as little as 19 and 38 haploid genome equivalents of methylated EVL and methylated NTRK3, respectively, which far exceeded conventional MethyLight PCR (379 haploid genome equivalents for both genes). When assessing methylated EVL levels in CRC tissue samples, MethyLight ddPCR reduced coefficients of variation (CV) to 6-65% of CVs seen with conventional MethyLight PCR. Importantly, we showed the ability of MethyLight ddPCR to detect infrequently methylated EVL alleles in normal colon mucosa samples that could not be detected by conventional MethyLight PCR. This study suggests that the sensitivity and precision of methylation detection by MethyLight ddPCR enhances the potential of methylated alleles for use as CRC risk biomarkers. | 10.1080/15592294.2015.1068490 | 26,186,366 | D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms; D019175:DNA Methylation; D018450:Disease Progression; D006238:Haploidy; D006801:Humans; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020812:Receptor, trkC; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity | Epigenetics | 2,015 | D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; C484449:EVL protein, human; D020812:Receptor, trkC |
Effect of calcium sulfate concentration in soymilk on the microstructure of firm tofu and the protein constitutions in tofu whey. | The effects of calcium sulfate concentration in soymilk on the microstructure of tofu and the constitutions of protein in tofu whey were investigated. The firm tofu made with 0.4% CaSO(4).2H(2)O was found to be most uniform and continuous in the microstructure. This tofu gave the maximal tofu yield, maximal solid and protein recoveries, and the best water retention ability. The results of gel electrophoresis and the ratio of amino nitrogen to total organic nitrogen indicated that the low molecular weight proteins in tofu whey were at their lowest when the tofu was made with 0.4% CaSO(4).2H(2)O. The SEM observations suggested that the tofu made with 0.4% CaSO(4).2H(2)O has the most uniform and homogeneous microstructure and, consequently, can most efficiently retain soybean proteins and water in the tofu gel. | 10.1021/jf0342021 | 14,518,946 | D002133:Calcium Sulfate; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005524:Food Technology; D005782:Gels; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D012996:Solutions; D030262:Soybean Proteins; D013025:Glycine max | Journal of agricultural and food chemistry | 2,003 | D005782:Gels; D012996:Solutions; D030262:Soybean Proteins; D002133:Calcium Sulfate |
Structure and relative stability of drum-like C4nN2n n = 3-8) cages and their hydrogenated products C4nH4nN2n (n = 3-8) cages. | The drum-like C4nNn (n = 3-8) cages and corresponding hydrogenated products C4n H4nN2n (n = 3-8) are studied at the DFT B3LYP/6-31G** level. Their structures, energies, and vibrational frequencies have been investigated. Comparison of heat of formation reveals that C32N16 with D8h symmetry in the C4nN2n (n = 3-8) series is a promising candidate as high energy density matter. The calculation of the DeltaG and DeltaH for the hydrogenation of C4nN2n (n = 3-8) shows that it is an exothermic reaction at 298 K and the C4nH4nN2n (n = 3-8) species are more stable than C4nN2n (n = 3-8) species. The analysis of molecular orbital and selected bond lengths of N-N and C-C provides another insight about their stability. Combined with the nucleus-independent chemical shifts (NICS) calculation, it is indicated that molecular stability for cage-shaped molecules depends on not only aromatic character but also the cage effect. | 10.1021/jp801501g | 18,947,219 | The journal of physical chemistry. A | 2,008 | ||
Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antibodies are associated with fibromyalgia in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a case-control study. | OBJECTIVES
The high concordance between systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and fibromyalgia (FM) suggests common underlying mechanisms related to pain and distress in both patient groups. Increasing evidence indicates that N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) play a major role in the induction and maintenance of central sensitisation with chronic pain. In this study, we evaluated the role of anti-NMDAR antibodies in the development of FM in patients with SLE.
METHODS
Sera from 104 patients with SLE, 112 patients with FM, and 110 healthy controls were analysed to detect antibodies to the N-terminus of the 2B subunit of NMDARs (GluN2B). Subjects underwent clinical examination and neuropsychiatric evaluation, and completed a questionnaire regarding FM and neuropsychiatric symptoms.
RESULTS
Of the 104 patients with SLE, 18 (17.3%) had FM. The anti-GluN2B antibody titer was significantly higher in patients with SLE (p<0.001). Among patients with SLE, those with concomitant FM had higher anti-GluN2B antibody titers (p<0.05). The anti-GluN2B antibody titer was associated positively with the tender point count (p=0.016) and the widespread pain index (p=0.005), but not with other symptom measurements. Anti-GluN2B antibody-positive patients with SLE were more likely to have neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) and concomitant FM (p<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the anti-GluN2B antibody was an independent predictor of concomitant FM and NPSLE.
CONCLUSIONS
To our knowledge, this report is the first to suggest that anti-NMDAR antibodies are associated with the pathogenesis of FM with SLE. | 28,339,361 | D000328:Adult; D001323:Autoantibodies; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D005356:Fibromyalgia; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; D020945:Lupus Vasculitis, Central Nervous System; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D055815:Young Adult | Clinical and experimental rheumatology | 2,017 | D001323:Autoantibodies; C121001:NR2B NMDA receptor; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate |
|
Automated detection and manipulation of sleep in C. elegans reveals depolarization of a sleep-active neuron during mechanical stimulation-induced sleep deprivation. | Across species, sleep is characterized by a complex architecture. Sleep deprivation is a classic method to study the consequences of sleep loss, which include alterations in the activity of sleep circuits and detrimental consequences on well being. Automating the observation and manipulation of sleep is advantageous to study its regulation and functions. Caenorhabditis elegans shows sleep behavior similar to other animals that have a nervous system. However, a method for real-time automatic sleep detection that allows sleep-specific manipulations has not been established for this model animal. Also, our understanding of how sleep deprivation affects sleep neurons in this system is incomplete. Here we describe a system for real-time automatic sleep detection of C. elegans grown in microfluidic devices based on a frame-subtraction algorithm using a dynamic threshold. As proof of principle for this setup, we used automated mechanical stimulation to perturb sleep behavior and followed the activity of the sleep-active RIS neuron. We show that our system can automatically detect sleep bouts and deprive worms of sleep. We found that mechanical stimulation generally leads to the activation of the sleep-active RIS neuron, and this stimulation-induced RIS depolarization is most prominent during sleep deprivation. | 10.1038/s41598-018-28095-5 | 29,950,594 | D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; D056656:Lab-On-A-Chip Devices; D009474:Neurons; D015398:Signal Transduction; D012890:Sleep; D012892:Sleep Deprivation | Scientific reports | 2,018 | D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins |
An attempt to identify reproducible high-density EEG markers of PTSD during sleep. | STUDY OBJECTIVES
We examined electroencephalogram (EEG) spectral power to study abnormalities in regional brain activity in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) during sleep. We aimed to identify sleep EEG markers of PTSD that were reproducible across nights and subsamples of our study population.
METHODS
Seventy-eight combat-exposed veteran men with (n = 31) and without (n = 47) PTSD completed two consecutive nights of high-density EEG recordings in a laboratory. We performed spectral-topographical EEG analyses on data from both nights. To assess reproducibility, we used the first 47 consecutive participants (18 with PTSD) for initial discovery and the remaining 31 participants (13 with PTSD) for replication.
RESULTS
In the discovery analysis, compared with non-PTSD participants, PTSD participants exhibited (1) reduced delta power (1-4 Hz) in the centro-parietal regions during nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and (2) elevated high-frequency power, most prominent in the gamma band (30-40 Hz), in the antero-frontal regions during both NREM and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. These findings were consistent across the two study nights, with reproducible trends in the replication analysis. We found no significant group differences in theta power (4-8 Hz) during REM sleep and sigma power (12-15 Hz) during N2 sleep.
CONCLUSIONS
The reduced centro-parietal NREM delta power, indicating reduced sleep depth, and the elevated antero-frontal NREM and REM gamma powers, indicating heightened central arousal, are potential objective sleep markers of PTSD. If independently validated, these putative EEG markers may offer new targets for the development of sleep-specific PTSD diagnostics and interventions. | 10.1093/sleep/zsz207 | 31,553,047 | D000328:Adult; D001143:Arousal; D058256:Brain Waves; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005133:Eye Movements; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010296:Parietal Lobe; D017286:Polysomnography; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012895:Sleep, REM; D000077310:Sleep, Slow-Wave; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; D014728:Veterans; D055815:Young Adult | Sleep | 2,020 | |
Titin-Related Dilated Cardiomyopathy: The Clinical Trajectory and the Role of Circulating Biomarkers in the Clinical Assessment. | Titin truncating variants (TTNtv) are known as the leading cause of inherited dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Nevertheless, it is unclear whether circulating cardiac biomarkers are helpful in detection and risk assessment. We sought to assess 1) early indicators of cardiotitinopathy including the serum biomarkers high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in clinically stable patients, and 2) predictors of outcome among TTNtv carriers. Our single-center cohort consisted of 108 TTNtv carriers (including 70 DCM patients) from 43 families. Clinical, laboratory and follow-up data were analyzed. The earliest abnormality was left ventricular dysfunction, present in 8, 26 and 47% of patients in the second, third and fourth decade of life, respectively. It was followed by symptoms of heart failure, linked to NT-proBNP elevation and severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction, and later by arrhythmias. Hs-cTnT serum levels were increased in the late stage of the disease only. During the median follow-up of 5.2 years, both malignant ventricular arrhythmia (MVA) and end-stage heart failure (esHF) occurred in 12% of TTNtv carriers. In multivariable analysis, NT-proBNP level ≥650 pg/mL was the best predictor of both composite endpoints (MVA and esHF) and of MVA alone. In conclusion, echocardiographic abnormalities are the first detectable anomalies in the course of cardiotitinopathies. The assessment of circulating cardiac biomarkers is not useful in the detection of the disease onset but may be helpful in risk assessment. | 10.3390/diagnostics12010013 | 35,054,181 | Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) | 2,021 | ||
Saralasin dilates arterioles in SHR but not WKY rats. | Microvascular responses to topical or intravascular saralasin were determined in the cremaster muscle arterioles of adult spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR, n = 19) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY, n = 16) normotensive rats. Animals were anesthetized with chloralose and urethane, and they breathed room air spontaneously. Mean arterial pressure was obtained from a catheter in a carotid artery, and microvascular diameters were determined by video microscopy. Plasma renin activity was measured in animals that were treated identically except that saralasin was not administered. For all animals, mean arterial pressure averaged 126 +/- 4 mm Hg in SHR and 82 +/- 4 mm Hg (p less than 0.001) in WKY rats. Topical saralasin, 10(-6)M, was applied to the cremaster muscles of SHR (n = 9) or WKY (n = 8) rats while internal diameters of first-through fourth-order arterioles (A1, A2, A3, A4) were measured. Topical saralasin did not alter arteriolar diameters (A1 through A4) in WKY rats, but A3 and A4 vessels dilated significantly (29% +/- 5% and 38% +/- 7% respectively; p less than 0.01) in SHR. Fourth-order diameters were measured in other SHR (n = 10) and WKY (n = 8) rats while saralasin was administered intraarterially (300 micrograms bolus into the hypogastric artery) or intravenously (10 micrograms/kg/min for 30 minutes). Intraarterial or intravenous saralasin caused significant dilation (32% +/- 12% and 20% +/- 4%, respectively; p less than 0.01) of A4 arterioles in SHR, but no dilation occurred in the arterioles of WKY rats. Arteriolar responses were significantly different (p less than 0.001) in SHR vs WKY rats for both the topical and the intravascular administration of saralasin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) | 10.1161/01.hyp.6.2_pt_2.i106 | 6,724,666 | D000818:Animals; D001158:Arteries; D001160:Arterioles; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002339:Carotid Arteries; D006973:Hypertension; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D011922:Rats, Mutant Strains; D012504:Saralasin; D014664:Vasodilation | Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) | 1,984 | D012504:Saralasin |
Challenging the clinically-situated emotion-deficient version of empathy within medicine and medical education research. | In this paper, we argue that the notion of a clinically-situated empathy (e.g. physician empathy), is potentially problematic as it perpetuates an emotion-deficient version of empathy within medicine and medicine education research. Utilizing classic and contemporary empathy theory from various social science disciplines, we discuss how empathy in the general sense differs conceptually from clinically-situated empathy-paying particular attention to the role of emotional contagion. To highlight this contrast, we draw upon Hojat et al.'s model of physician empathy and how this body of work reflects broader medical-cultural norms that problematize the role and impact of emotions within the clinical encounter. Alternatively, we present a more encompassing model of empathy drawing upon the fields of social-psychology and social-neuroscience in order to bring the notion of "feeling with" and emotional contagion more specifically, into medical education, medical education research, and medicine more generally. | 10.1057/s41285-021-00174-0 | 34,840,531 | Social theory & health : STH | 2,022 |
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