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shellcode_i_a32

intent stringlengths 4 313	snippet stringlengths 2 271
divide eax by ebx	div ebx
move address of request variable into ecx	mov ecx, request
decrement the eax register by one	dec eax
declare the exit_on_error label	exit_on_error:
push esi onto the stack	push esi
move the 4 bytes of data at address esi+4*ebx into edx	mov edx, [esi+4*ebx]
declare msg string containing 'hello world!'	msg db 'hello, world!', 0xa
push 0xa to the stack	push 0xa
restore eax from the value we pushed onto the stack at the start	pop eax
push the double word 0x313a303a onto the stack	push dword 0x313a303a
move the remainder into eax	mov eax, edx
create a new process	mov eax, 2
move readbuffer into ecx	mov ecx, readbuffer
syscall 63	mov al, 0x3f
move cl into the address [esp + 1]	mov [esp + 1], cl
push the dword 0x6b2f7379 onto the stack	push dword 0x6b2f7379
push the dword 0x7665642f onto the stack	push dword 0x7665642f
define shellcode label	shellcode:
decrement the ecx register and jump to the L1 label if the contents of the ecx register is not zero and the zero flag is zero else jump to the shellcode label	loopnz L1 \n jmp shellcode
define download function	download:
define the numeric label 2	2:
move exit_call into al	mov al, exit_call
declare a byte with no label containing the value 10	db 10
if zero jump to the child label	jz child
push the contents of the edx register onto the stack and point ebx to the stack register	push edx \n mov ebx, esp
set the contents of edx to zero	xor edx, edx
move decimal 43 into edx	mov edx, 43
push zero_reg onto the stack	push zero_reg
restore the original value of eax	pop eax
push byte 6 onto the stack	push byte 6
allocate memory for 30 bytes uninitialized name variable	name db 30 dup
define egg equal to 'egg '	egg equ 'egg '
decrement ebp	dec ebp
put the syscall 0x04 into the eax register	push byte 0x04 \n pop eax
declare the priv_setgid label	priv_setgid:
pop the value on the stack back into ecx	pop ecx
jump to the shell label	jmp shell
push the word 0x0a to the stack	push word 0x0a
declare the here label	here:
move 5 into eax	mov eax, 0x5
getppid	mov eax, 64
move decimal number 255 into edx	mov edx, 255
if the contents of the bl register is equal to the contents of the al register then jump to the loop_2 label else jump short to the not_found label	cmp bl, al \n je loop_2 \n jmp short not_found
call the two function	call two
move al into ebx+7	mov [ebx+7], al
zero out zero_reg	xor zero_reg, zero_reg
move 0x3f into al	mov al, 0x3f
define constant total_students equal to 50	total_students equ 50
move the contents of the esi register into the dword at the memory location [esp-4]	mov dword [esp-4], esi
clear ebx register	xor ebx, ebx
push double word 0x39396e2d onto the stack and point the edi register to the stack register	push dword 0x39396e2d \n mov edi, esp
declare code section .bss	section .bss
move 0x1e into cl	mov cl, 0x1e
add one to the doubleword integer stored at memory location value	inc dword [value]
push 0x0a206873 onto the stack	push 0x0a206873
push the value 0x69622f2f onto the stack and point the ecx register to the stack register	push 0x69622f2f \n mov ecx, esp
zero out ax register	xor ax, ax
push the byte 0xb onto the stack	push byte 0xb
push the byte 0x0 onto the stack	push byte 0x0
add 4 to the contents of the esi register	add esi, 4
move 0xf into al	mov al, 0xf
put the byte my_value into the eax register	push byte my_value \n pop eax
move value at top of the stack to ebx	mov ebx, [esp]
move bx to count	mov count, bx
declare the incaddr label	incaddr:
define the _exit label	_exit:
zero out the eax register and jump to the l3 label if the contents of the edx register is not equal to the contents of the eax register	xor eax, eax \n cmp edx, eax \n jne l3
push the esp onto the stack	push esp
push 0x16 onto the stack	push 0x16
move 0x21 into al	mov al, 0x21
push the 0x3170762d onto the stack	push 0x3170762d
call the sprint function	call sprint
push the value 0x2f2f2f2f onto the stack and point eax to the stack register	push 0x2f2f2f2f \n mov eax, esp
jump to the IncAddr label if the value in the eax register is not equal to the doubleword addressed by edi else jump to the edi register	scasd \n jnz IncAddr \n jmp edi
left shift eax by two bits	shl eax,2
compare the byte in esi with 0x7	cmp byte [esi], 0x7
move the byte at the address 3h into al	mov al, byte 3h
add 2 to the contents of the ebx register	add ebx, 2
push the contents of the esi register onto the stack.	push esi
move 0x06 into al	mov al, 0x06
define the _setsockopt label	_setsockopt:
move 0x30 into al	mov al, 0x30
make the socketcall	mov al, 0x66
push the 0x6e onto the stack	push 0x6e
push the word 0x02 onto the stack	push word 0x02
load the effective address of ebx+8 into ecx	lea ecx, [ebx+8]
jump to the wrap_around label if the byte starting at the address contained in the esi register is lower than the byte value 0xD else subtract the byte value 0xD from byte starting at the address contained in the esi register	cmp byte [esi], 0xD \n jl wrap_around \n sub byte [esi], 0xD
declare the done label	done:
push 0x5 onto the stack	push 0x5
declare retry label	retry:
declare buffersize to be a word containing 1024	buffersize: dw 1024
push the word 0x3930 onto the stack	push word 0x3930
push 0x682f2f2f onto the stack	push 0x682f2f2f
exchange ebx with ecx	xchg ebx, ecx
call the strlen function	call strlen
move the doubleword 0x65676760 into edx	mov edx, dword 0x65676760
clear ebx	xor ebx, ebx
section data	section .data
push the contents of the edi register onto the stack	push edi
put the syscall 0x66 into the eax register	push byte 0x66 \n pop eax

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Shellcode_IA32

Shellcode_IA32 is a dataset containing 20 years of shellcodes from a variety of sources is the largest collection of shellcodes in assembly available to date.

This dataset consists of 3,200 examples of instructions in assembly language for IA-32 (the 32-bit version of the x86 Intel Architecture) from publicly available security exploits. We collected assembly programs used to generate shellcode from exploit-db and from shell-storm. We enriched the dataset by adding examples of assembly programs for the IA-32 architecture from popular tutorials and books. This allowed us to understand how different authors and assembly experts comment and, thus, how to deal with the ambiguity of natural language in this specific context. Our dataset consists of 10% of instructions collected from books and guidelines, and the rest from real shellcodes.

Our focus is on Linux, the most common OS for security-critical network services. Accordingly, we added assembly instructions written with Netwide Assembler (NASM) for Linux.

Each line of Shellcode_IA32 dataset represents a snippet - intent pair. The snippet is a line or a combination of multiple lines of assembly code, built by following the NASM syntax. The intent is a comment in the English language.

Further statistics on the dataset and a set of preliminary experiments performed with a neural machine translation (NMT) model are described in the following paper: Shellcode_IA32: A Dataset for Automatic Shellcode Generation.

Note: This work was done in collaboration with the DESSERT Lab.

The dataset is also hosted on the DESSERT Lab Github.

Please consider citing our work:

@inproceedings{liguori-etal-2021-shellcode,
    title = "{S}hellcode{\_}{IA}32: A Dataset for Automatic Shellcode Generation",
    author = "Liguori, Pietro  and
      Al-Hossami, Erfan  and
      Cotroneo, Domenico  and
      Natella, Roberto  and
      Cukic, Bojan  and
      Shaikh, Samira",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Natural Language Processing for Programming (NLP4Prog 2021)",
    month = aug,
    year = "2021",
    address = "Online",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2021.nlp4prog-1.7",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/2021.nlp4prog-1.7",
    pages = "58--64",
    abstract = "We take the first step to address the task of automatically generating shellcodes, i.e., small pieces of code used as a payload in the exploitation of a software vulnerability, starting from natural language comments. We assemble and release a novel dataset (Shellcode{\_}IA32), consisting of challenging but common assembly instructions with their natural language descriptions. We experiment with standard methods in neural machine translation (NMT) to establish baseline performance levels on this task.",
}

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Size of the auto-converted Parquet files:

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Number of rows:

3,200

Models trained or fine-tuned on SoLID/shellcode_i_a32

ctrlos/shellgpt

Text Generation • Updated Mar 14