Metaphors and analogies datasets

These datasets contain word pairs and quadruples forming analogies, metaphoric mapping or sematically unacceptable compositions.

Pair instances are pairs of nouns A and B in a sentence of the form "A is a B".
Quadruple instances are of the form : < (A,B),(C,D) > There is an analogy when A is to B what C is to D. The analogy is also a metaphor when the (A,B) and (C,D) form a metaphoric mapping, usually when they come from different domains.

Language : English

Datasets and paper links

Name	Size	Labels	Description
`Cardillo`	260 *2	1, 2	Pairs of "A is-a B" sentences composed of one metaphoric and one literal sentence. The two sentences of a given pair share the same B term.
`Jankowiak`	120*3	0, 1, 2	Triples of "A is-a/is-like-a B" sentences with exactly one literal, one semantic abnormal and one metaphoric sentence.
`Green`	40*3	0, 1, 2	Triples of proportional analogies, made of 4 terms <A, B, Ci, Di> each. One stem <A,B> is composed with 3 different <Ci,Di> pairs, to form exaclty one near analogy, one far analogy and one non analogic quadruple
`Kmiecik`	720	0, 1, 2	Quadruples <A,B,C,D> labelled as analogy:True/False and far_analogy: True/False
`SAT-met`	160?*5	0, 1, 2, 12	One pair stem <A,B> to combine with 5 different pairs <Ci,Di> and attempt to form proportional analogies. Only one <Ci,Di> forms an analogy with <A,B> We additionally labelled the analogies as metaphoric:True/False

Name	Paper Citation	Paper link
`Cardillo`		Cardillo (2010) Cardillo (2017)
`Jankowiak`		Jankowiak (2020)
`Green`	Green, A. E., Kraemer, D. J. M., Fugelsang, J., Gray, J. R., & Dunbar, K. (2010). Connecting Long Distance: Semantic Distance in Analogical Reasoning Modulates Frontopolar Cortex Activity. Cerebral Cortex, 10, 70-76.	Green (20)
`Kmiecik`	Kmiecik, M. J., Brisson, R. J., & Morrison, R. G. (2019). The time course of semantic and relational processing during verbal analogical reasoning. Brain and Cognition, 129, 25-34.	Kmiecik (20)
`SAT-met`		Turney (2005)

Labels :

Pairs
- 0 : anomaly
- 1 : literal
- 2 : metaphor
Quadruples :
- 0 : not an analogy
- 1 : an analogy but not a metaphor
- 2 : an analogy and a metaphor or a far analogy
- 12 : maybe a metaphor, somewhere between 1 and 2

Dataset Splits

Both lexical and random splits are available for classification experiments.
- Size of the splits :
  - train : 50 %
  - validation : 10 %
  - test : 40 %
Additionally, for all datasets, the 5-folds field gives frozen splits for a five-folds cross validation experiment with train/val/test = 70/10/20% of the sets.

Datasets for Classification

Task : binary classification or 3-classes classification of pairs or quadruples. Each pair or quadruple is to classify between anomaly, non-metaphoric and metaphoric.

Pairs

Datasets names & splits :

Original set	Dataset name	Split
Cardillo	Pairs_Cardillo_random_split	random
	Pairs_Cardillo_lexical_split	lexical
Jankowiac	Pairs_Jankowiac_random_split	random
	Pairs_Jankowiac_lexical_split	lexical

Data fields :

Field	Description	Type
corpus	name of the orgiginal dataset	str
id	instance id	str
set_id	id of the set containing the given instance in the multiple choice task	int
label	0, 1, 2	int
sentence	A is-a B sentence.	str
A	A expression in the sentence	str
B	B expression in the sentence	str
A_position	position of A in the sentence	list(int)
B_position	position of B in the sentence	list(int)
5-folds	frozen splits for cross validation	list(str)

Examples :

Name	Example	Label
Cardillo
Jankowiac

Quadruples

Datasets names & splits

Original set	dataset name	Split
Green	Quadruples_Green_random_split	random
	Quadruples_Green_lexical_split	lexical
Kmiecik	Quadruples_Kmiecik_random_split	random
	Quadruples_Kmiecik_lexical_split_on_AB	lexical AB
	Quadruples_Kmiecik_lexical_split_on_CD	lexical CD
SAT	Quadruples_SAT_random_split	random
	Quadruples_SAT_lexical_split	lexical

Data fields :

Field	Description	Type
corpus	Name of the orgiginal dataset	str
id	Element id	str
set_id	Id of the set containing the given instance in the multiple-choice task datasets	int
label	0, 1, 2, 12	int
AB	pair of terms	list(str)
CD	pair of terms	list(str)
5-folds	frozen splits for cross validation	list(str)

Examples :

Name	Example	Label
Green
Kmiecik
SAT

Datasets for multiple choice questions or permutation

Task : One stem and multiple choices. The stem and its possible combinations are to be combined to form a sentence. The resulting sentence has a label <0,1,2>.

Pairs

Datasets names & splits :

Original set	dataset name	Split
Cardillo	Pairs_Cardillo_set	test only
Jankowiac	Pairs_Jankowiac_set	test only

Data fields :

| Field | Description | Type | | -------------: | :------------ | :------------ | | corpus | Name of the orgiginal dataset | str | | id | Element id | str | | pair_ids | Ids of each pair as appearing in the classification datasets. | list(str) | | labels | 0, 1, 2 | list(int) | | sentences | List of the sentences composing the set | list(str) | | A_positions | Positions of the A's in each sentence | list(list(int)) | | B_positions | Positions of the B's in each sentence | list(list(int)) | | answer | Index of the metaphor | int | | stem | Term shared between the sentences of the set. | str | | 5-folds | frozen splits for cross validation | list(str) |

Examples :

Name	Stem	Sentences	Label
Cardillo	comet	The astronomer's obssession was a comet.	1
		The politician's career was a comet.	2
Jankoviac	harbour	This banana is like a harbour	0
		A house is a harbour	2
		This area is a harbour	1

Quadruples

Datasets names & splits :

Original set	dataset name	Split
Green	Quadruples_Green_set	test only
SAT	Quadruples_SAT_met_set	test only

Data fields :

Field	Description	Type
corpus	name of the orgiginal dataset	str
id	Element id	str
pair_ids	Ids of the instances as appearing in the clasification datasets	list(str)
labels	0, 1, 2, 12	list(int)
answer	temp	int
stem	Word pair to compose with all the other pairs of the set	list(str)
pairs	List of word pairs	list(list(str))
5-folds	Frozen splits for cross validation	list(str)

Examples :

Name	Example	Label
Green

SAT