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bone marrow harbors a significant amount of body AT bmat while bmat might be a source of energy for bone modeling and remodeling its increment can also represent impairment of osteoblast differentiation the relationship between bmat bone mass and insulin sensitivity is only partially understood and seems to depend on the circumstances the present study was designed to assess the association of bmat with bone mineral density in the lumbar spine as well as with VAT intrahepatic lipids homair and serum levels of insulin and glucose this crosssectional clinical investigation included nondiabetic women but had a prediabetes status dual xray energy absorptiometry was used to measure bone mineral density and magnetic resonance imaging was used to assess fat deposition in bmat VAT and CL our results suggest that in nondiabetic there is an inverse relationship between bone mineral density in LS and bmat and a trend persists after adjustment for weight age bmi and height while there is a positive association between visceral adipose tissue and intrahepatic lipids with serum insulin C2 there is no association between bmat and serum C2 of insulin conversely a positive relationship was observed between bmat and SS glucose levels whereas this association was not observed with other fat deposits these relationships did not apply after adjustment for body weight bmi height and age the present study shows that in a group of predominantly nonobese women the association between insulin resistance and bmat is not an early event as occurs with visceral adipose tissue and intrahepatic lipids on the other hand bmat has a negative relationship with bone mineral density taken together the results support the view that bone has a complex and nonlinear relationship with energy metabolism | 8|75|121|123|140|171|180|192 | adipose tissue|visceral adipose tissue|visceral adipose tissue|liver|lumbar spine|levels|levels|serum |
current understanding in locomotion research is that for humans navigating NK environments relies heavily on visual input in contrast walking on even ground in manmade obstacle and hazardfree environments is so highly automated that visual information derived from floor patterns should not affect locomotion and in particular have no impact on the direction of travel the vision literature on motion perception would suggest otherwise specifically that oblique floor patterns may induce substantial veering away from the intended direction of travel due to the socalled aperture problem here we tested these contrasting predictions by letting participants walk over commonly encountered floor patterns paving slabs and investigating participants ability to walk straight ahead for different DP orientations we show that depending on pattern orientation participants veered considerably over the measured travel distance up to across trials in L1 with predictions derived from the literature on motion perception we argue that these findings are important to the T0 of locomotion and if also observed in real world environments might have implications for architectural design | 10|113|135|154 | natural|pattern|line|study |
mutations in lrrk are related to certain forms of parkinsons disease and possibly to the pathogenesis of crohns disease in both these diseases inflammatory processes participate in the pathogenic process lrrk is expressed in lymphoid cells and interestingly lrrk mice were reported to develop more severe experimental colitis than their wild type wt controls here we examined the possible involvement of lrrk in the pathogenesis of exp autoimmune uveitis eau an animal model for human uveitis by testing lrrk mice for their capacity to develop this experimental eye disease and related immune responses | 66 | experimental |
physiological responses intensity and recovery kinetics and wellbeing indices were examined during a day fifa international tournament ten outfield new caledonian players age ± years height ± cm weight ± kg were assessed during the four matches players aerobic and anaerobic capacities were measured before the tournament while heart rate hr intramatches REC and wellbeing indices hooper index were measured throughout the tournament hr ± bpm exercise intensity ± of hr reserve and recovery indices were similar throughout the tournament wellbeing indices were largely alike during the tournament while rating of perceived exertion increased throughout the tournament that was not associated with hr or wellbeing indices high aerobic and anaerobic capacities were associated with high match intensities and slow recovery indices in summary match intensity assessed by hr recovery kinetics and wellbeing of oceanian futsal players were not modified during a day fifa futsal tournament assessment of aerobic and anaerobic capacities may be useful to select players for optimal performance during this type of international tournament | 52 | recovery |
this study investigated the performance of sludge drying reed beds sdrb at full and pilotscale treating sludge from septic tanks in the city of belo horizonte brazil the treatment units planted with cynodon spp were based on an adaptation of the firststage of the french verticalflow constructed wetland originally developed for treating sewage two different operational phases were investigated in the first one the fullscale unit was used together with six pilotscale columns in order to test different feeding strategies for the second phase only the fullscale unit was used including a recirculation of the filtered effluent percolate to one of the units of the french vertical wetland sludge application was done once a week emptying a full truck during weeks the sludge was predominantly diluted leading to low solids loading rates median values of kgts m year chemical oxygen demand removal efficiency in the fullscale unit was reasonable median of but the TS removal was only moderate median of in the fullscale unit without recirculation recirculation did not bring substantial improvements in the overall performance the other loading conditions implemented in the pilot columns also did not show statistically different performances | 153 | total solids |
this investigation evaluates the effectiveness of a fluidizedbed fenton process in treating flax wastewater flax wastewater was taken from a papermaking factory in a secondary sedimentation tank effluent of a papermaking factory in hebei the performance of three carriers sio alo feo used in the reactor was compared and the effects of different operational conditions and fenton reagent concentrations were studied exp results indicated that sio was the most appropriate carrier in the system the dose of fe and ho was a significant operating factor in the degradation progress the bed expansion was considered to be another factor influencing the treatment effect under the appropriate conditions mgl fe mgl ho and gl sio as the carrier at ph bed expansion the highest Rmax of total OC toc and color was and respectively the article also discussed the process of the colority removal of flax wastewater and the kinetics of toc removal | 61|122|125 | experimental|removal rate|organic carbon |
a method for optimizing the number of segment sources needed to discretize uv lamps for fluence rate modeling and dose calculations when using the multiple segment source summation msss fluence rate model frm is presented an ideal location for determining the optimal number of point or segment sources was found using the multiple point source summation mpss method with no reflection and refraction this location was then used to conduct a fast discretization study for the msss frm a lower than previously used number of segment sources was required this method reduced the time needed to perform a discretization study and thus for fluence rate and dose CSD calculations in uv reactors | 107 | distribution |
it seems that porphyromanas gingivalis is carcinogenic because it activates a number of inflammatory immune responses in the host and causes disorders in bacterial clearance mechanisms there is little information on the prevalence of this bacterium in CA patients the aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the prevalence of p gingivalis in CA patients by metaanalysis methodsdifferent databases including pubmed embase the cochrane library scopus and isi web of knowledge were investigated and eight relevant articles published in were finally analyzed data were analyzed by metaanalysis method fixed effect model i² statistics were calculated to examine the heterogeneity of papers the information was analyzed by r and stata ver a total of people infected with p gingivalis were included in this study in total the prevalence of p gingivalis was ci the prevalence of p gingivalis was evaluated in four casecontrol studies the results of this T0 showed that p gingivalis increased the chance of cancer development and periodontal disease as much as times or ci although there was no significant correlation between p gingivalis and CA this bacterium increased the chance of CA and periodontal disease and could be considered as a main potential risk factor | 37|55|149|179|186 | cancer|cancer|study|cancer|cancer |
oxygen is commonly administered to patients with stelevationmyocardial infarction despite previous studies suggesting a possible increase in myocardial injury as a result of coronary vasoconstriction and heightened oxidative AS | 28 | stress |
routine peptide structureactivity relationship screening requires the serial dilution of peptides to produce full concentrationresponse curves established tipbased protocols involve multiple tip changes and high exposure to plasticware in the case of MMP this becomes a challenge since MMP can adsorb to plastic resulting in an observed loss of potency various methods can be employed to prevent peptide loss during compound handling such as the inclusion of bovine serum Al or solvents in assay buffer and the siliconization of plasticware yet protein binding remains unpredictable the degree of R2 by which peptides will adhere to plasticware can confuse results and cause inaccuracies in potency predictions we evaluated acoustic noncontact methods for peptide serial dilution and compared it with traditional tipbased methods on the effect on potency curves for glucagonlike peptide and glucagon peptide analogues the current study demonstrates the benefits of noncontact dispensing for highdensity microplate assay preparation of MMP using nanoliter droplets across our entire drug discovery workflow from in vitro highthroughput screening to AUC determinations from in vivo samples | 32|38|69|88|149|165 | peptides|peptides|albumin|variation|peptides|drug exposure |
human norovirus hunov is the leading cause of foodborne illnesses with an increasing number of outbreaks associated with leafy greens because hunov cannot be routinely cultured culturable FCV fcv murine norovirus mnv porcine sapovirus sav and tulane virus tv have been used as surrogates these viruses are generated in different cell lines as infected cell lysates which may differentially affect their stability our objective was to uniformly compare the survival of these viruses on postharvest lettuce while evaluating the effects of cell lysates on their survival viruses were semipurified from cell lysates by ultrafiltration or ultracentrifugation followed by resuspension in sterile water virus survival was examined before and after semipurification in suspension at room temperature rt until day and on lettuce leaves stored at rt for days or at °c for and days in suspension both methods significantly enhanced the survival of all viruses on lettuce the survival of mnv in cell lysates was similar to that in water under all storage conditions in contrast the survival of fcv sav and tv was differentially enhanced under different storage conditions by removing cell lysates following semipurification viruses showed similar persistence to each other on lettuce stored under all conditions with the exception of ultracentrifugationpurified fcv which showed a higher inactivation rate than mnv at °c for days in conclusion the presence of cell lysates in viral suspensions underestimated the survivability of these surrogate viruses while viral semipurification revealed similar survivabilities on postharvest lettuce leaves | 27 | feline calicivirus |
riemerella anatipestifer is a welldescribed pathogen of waterfowl and other avian species that can cause septicemic and exudative diseases in this study we sequenced the complete genome of r anatipestifer strain yb and analyzed it against the published genomic sequences of r anatipestifer strains dsm ragd rach and rach the yb genome contains one circular chromosome of bp with a gc content and no plasmid the genome has open reading frames that occupy of the genome a comparative genomic analysis revealed that genome organization is highly conserved among r anatipestifer strains except for four inversions of a sequence segment in yb a phylogenetic analysis found that the closest neighbor of yb is ragd furthermore we constructed a library of mutants by random transposon mutagenesis and mutants exhibiting more than foldattenuated virulence were obtained by animal screening experiments southern blot analysis and genetic characterization of the mutants led to the identification of virulence genes of these encode cytoplasmic proteins encode CM proteins encode outer membrane proteins and the subcellular localization of the remaining gene products is unknown the functional classification of orthologousgroup clusters revealed that genes are associated with metabolism are associated with cellular processing and signaling and are associated with information storage and processing the functions of the other genes are poorly characterized or unknown this genomewide study identified genes important to the virulence of r anatipestifer | 159 | cytoplasmic membrane |
modern manmade environments including urban agricultural and industrial environments have complex ecological interactions among themselves and with the natural surroundings microbial source tracking mst offers T3 tools to resolve the host source of fecal contamination beyond indicator monitoring this T0 was intended to assess karst spring susceptibilities to different fecal sources using mst quantitative pcr qpcr assays targeting human bovine and swine markers it involved a dualtime monitoring frame i monthly throughout the calendar year and ii daily during a rainfall event data integration was taken from both monthly and daily mst profile monitoring and improved ID of spring susceptibility to host fecal contamination three springs located in close geographic proximity revealed different mst profiles the giach spring showed moderate fluctuations of mst marker quantities amid wet and dry samplings while the zuf spring had the highest rise of the genbac marker during the wet event which was mirrored in othey skin condition that affects children and adults and has an important impact on quality of life topical corticosteroids tcs are the firstline therapy for this condition however they can be associated with significant adverse effects when used chronically tacrolimus ointment in its manufactured strengths of and might be an alternative treatment tacrolimus together with pimecrolimus are drugs called topical calcineurin inhibitors tcis | 25|39|96 | advanced|study|identification |
multiparental cross designs for mapping quantitative trait loci qtl provide an efficient alternative to biparental populations because of their broader genetic basis and potentially higher mapping resolution we describe the OD and deployment of a RI line ril population in durum wheat triticum turgidum ssp durum obtained by crossing four elite cultivars a linkage map spanning cm and including single nucleotide polymorphisms snps was produced by genotyping rils qtl analysis was carried out by both interval mapping on founder haplotype probabilities and snp biallelic tests for heading date and maturity date plant height and grain yield from four field experiments sixteen qtl were identified across environments and PCD methods including two yield qtl on chromosomes bl and as with the former mapped independently from the LD response gene ppdb while the latter overlapped with the vernalization locus vrna additionally qtl with environmentspecific effects were found our results indicated a prevalence of environmentspecific qtl with relatively small effect on the control of grain yield for all traits functionally different qtl alleles in terms of direction and size of genetic effect were distributed among parents we showed that qtl results based on founder haplotypes closely matched PET alleles at known heading date loci despite the four founders only different PET haplotypes were estimated per qtl on average this durum wheat population provides a mapping resource for detailed genetic dissection of agronomic traits in an elite background typical of breeding programmes | 30|35|107|125|194|207 | development|recombinant inbred|detection|photoperiod|functional|functional |
there is no current standard among myopathologists for reporting muscle biopsy findings the national institute of neurological disorders and stroke has recently launched a common data PE cde project to standardize NM data collected in clinical reports and to facilitate their use in research | 26|31 | element|neuromuscular |
the aim of this study was to obtain data on the development and course of sexual problems and their interrelationships by investigating a representative sample of men and women over a period of years a representative sample of women selected from the CR electoral register and men selected from screening lists for military service in zurich switzerland answered questions about their sexuality as part of a series of seven interviews between ages and of the initial sample of participants of them male were lost to followup interviews were conducted using the structured psychopathological interview and rating of the social consequences of psychological disturbances for epidemiology spike a semistructured interview sexual problems were identified on the basis of the study participants selfappraisal oneyear prevalence rates lifetime risks and overlap of PET emotional and sexual desire problems in men and women were evaluated the findings confirmed higher lifetime risks in women than in men for any sexual problem females males and for functional emotional and sexual desire problems while in GA mens sexual problems increased with age no such association was observed in women the overlap of all three problems functional emotional and sexual desire was reported by of women but only of men although there are commonalities the type but also the development and in particular the overlap of sexual problems in women and men are markedly different | 42|129|168 | complete|functional|general |
OP squamous cell carcinoma is associated both with tobacco use and with human papillomavirus hpv infection it is argued that carcinogendriven tumorigenesis is a distinct disease from its virally driven counterpart we hypothesized that tumorigenesis is the result of a loss of genotypic robustness resulting in an increase in phenotypic variation in PT compared with adjacent histologically normal tissues and that carcinogendriven tumorigenesis results in greater variation than its virally driven counterpart | 0|52 | oropharyngeal|tumors |
to decrease the prevalence and the amount of alcohol consumption among students health messages advocating responsible alcohol behavior can be used however it is unclear whether responsible drinking messages are most effective when they use a gain frame presenting the advantages of responsible drinking or a loss frame presenting the disadvantages of irresponsible drinking this study tests the effects of framing and the moderating role of involvement with the issue of responsible drinking a threewave betweensubjects experimental study was conducted in which participants n were exposed to either a gain or lossframed message about responsible drinking behavior at wave at all three waves attitudes intentions and behavior toward responsible drinking were measured results showed that for participants with low issue involvement a gain frame led to more positive attitudes and intentions toward responsible alcohol use whereas a loss frame did not have any effects for them for participants with high issue involvement a loss frame led to more positive attitudes and intentions toward responsible alcohol use whereas a gain frame did not have an effect on attitude and only a delayed effect on intention however there were no effects of frame and issue involvement on adhering to the guideline of responsible alcohol use and average drinking SMB | 206 | behavior |
acute psychosis developed in an elderly patient with parkinson disease and she was admitted and treated with quetiapine seroquel one day later high fever unexplained by infection appeared associated with restlessness confusion convulsion leukocytosis and extreme serum creatine kinase C2 she died of neuroleptic malignant syndrome nms despite intensive treatment quetiapine is an atypical neuroleptic agent rarely associated with nms in the absence of other contributing drugs our case strongly establishes quetiapineinduced nms naranjo scale and is also unique in the abrupt onset and severe refractory course the steep increase in the prescription of quetiapine worldwide mandates better recognition of this severe adverse reaction which is fortunately rare to allow immediate drug withdrawal and AGA treatment | 39|114 | levels|appropriate |
cancer immunotherapies such as sipuleucelt and ipilimumab are promising new treatments that harness the power of the immune system to fight cancer and achieve longlasting remission interleukin il a member of the il heterodimeric cytokine family has pleiotropic functions in the regulation of immune responses with both proinflammatory and antiinflammatory properties evidence obtained using a variety of preclinical mouse models indicates that il possesses potent antitumor activity against various types of tumors through multiple mechanisms without apparent adverse effects these mechanisms include those mediated not only by cd t cells natural killer cells and macrophages but also by antibodydependent cellmediated cytotoxicity antiangiogenesis direct antiproliferative effects inhibition of expression of cyclooxygenase and prostaglandin e and suppression of EMT depending on the characteristics of individual tumors however the endogenous role of il subunits and one of its receptor subunits wsx in the susceptibility to RT OD after transplantation of tumor cell lines or endogenously arising tumors seems to be more complicated il functions as a doubleedged sword il increases il production and the expression of programmed death ligand and tcell immunoglobulin and mucin domain and promotes the generation of regulatory TA and il receptor α singling enhof insect substrateborne vibratory communication by their architecture and mechanical properties that NC transmitted signal time amplitude and frequency characteristics stinkbugs gain higher SNR ratio and increase communication distance by emitting narrowband VLF vibratory signals that are tuned with transmission properties of plants the objective of the present study was to investigate hitherto overlooked consequences of duetting with mutually overlapped narrowband vibratory signals the overlapped vibrations of the MM stinkbug species eushistus heros produced naturally or induced artificially on different plants have been analysed they represent female and male strategies to preserve information within a complex masked signal the brown stinkbugs e heros communicate with species and gender TPS vibratory signals that constitute characteristic duets in the calling courtship and rivalry phases of mating behaviour the calling female pulse overlaps the male vibratory response when the latency of the latter is shorter than the duration of the female triggering signal or when the male response does not inhibit the following female pulse overlapping of signals induces interference that changes their amplitude pattern to a sequence of regularly repeated pulses in which their duration and the difference between frequencies of overlapped vibrations are related inversely interference does not occur in overlapped narrow band female calling pulses and broadband male courtship PP trains in a duet with overlapped signals females and males NC time parameters and increase the frequency difference between signals by changing the frequency level and frequency modulation pattern of their calls | 116|142|143|188|206|217|226|262|302|403|414 | epithelialmesenchymal transition|tumor|development|t cells|change|signaltonoise|low frequency|model|specific|pulse|change |
notifications of infant deaths assumed to be related to the introduction of new pentavalent dtwphibhbv childhood vaccines caused during in few asian countries temporary interruptions of the respective vaccination programs the sudden appearance of fatal cases was due to increased awarenesspublicity and improved safety monitoringreporting in countries with relatively high BG infant mortalities who investigations could not establish any causal relationships and vaccinations were again resumed recently questions were raised in one concerned country as to why not to change to less reactogenic acellular pertussis apcontaining vaccines that are available in private practice and are generally perceived as better for resourcepoor countries the financial impacts render such a switch impossible and would also not be supported by external funding furthermore it would be a disservice to the children as in recent years evidence of inferior longterm efficacy of ap vaccines has accumulated this report summarizes current knowledge on comparative wholecell pertussis wp and ap vaccine performance outlines the new july who guidance on the choice of pertussis vaccines and presents recent data on outbreak protection antibody waning longterm protection wppriming pathogen adaptation transmission and herd immunity | 50 | background |
caffeic acid ca is a phenolic compound widely found in coffee beans with known beneficial effects in vivo many studies showed that ca has antiinflammatory antimutagenic antibacterial and anticarcinogenic properties which could be linked to its antioxidant activity taking in consideration the reported in vitro antioxidant mechanism of other polyphenols our working hypothesis was that the ca antioxidant activity could be related to its metalchelating property with that in mind we sought to investigate the chemical antioxidant mechanism of ca against in vitro ironinduced oxidative damage under different assay conditions ca was able to prevent hydroxyl radical formation promoted by the classical fenton reaction as determined by deoxyribose dr oxidative degradation and dmpo hydroxylation in addition to its ability to prevent hydroxyl radical formation ca had a great inhibition of membrane lipid peroxidation in the lipid peroxidation assays ca acted as both metalchelator and as hydrogen donor preventing the deleterious action promoted by lipidderived peroxyl and alkoxyl radicals our results indicate that the observed antioxidant effects were mostly due to the formation of ironca complexes which are able to prevent dr oxidation and dmpo hydroxylation noteworthy the formation of ironca complexes and prevention of oxidative damage was directly related to the ph of the medium showing better antioxidant activity at higher ph values moreover in the presence of lipid CM the antioxidant potency of ca was much higher indicating its enhanced effectiveness in a hydrophobic environment overall our results show that ca acts as an antioxidant through an iron chelating mechanism preventing the formation of free hydroxyl radicals and therefore inhibiting fentoninduced oxidative damage the chemical properties of ca described herein association with its reported signaling effectscould be an explanation to its beneficial effects observed in vivo | 219 | membranes |
the aims of this T0 were i to describe the relative intensity of simulated tennis play based on the cumulative time spent in three metabolic intensity zones and ii to determine the relationships between this play intensity distribution and the aerobic fitness of a group of competitive players male players of T3 to elite level itn performed an incremental oncourt specific endurance tennis test to exhaustion to determine maximal oxygen uptake vomax and the first and second ventilatory thresholds vt vt VE and gas exchange parameters were monitored using a telemetric portable gas analyser k b cosmed rome italy two weeks later the participants played a simulated tennis set against an opponent of similar level intensity zones low moderate and high were delimited by the individual vo values corresponding to vt and vt and expressed as percentage of maximum vo and HR rate when expressed relative to vomax percentage of playing time in zone ± was significantly higher p than in zone ± and zone ± moderate to high positive correlations were found between vt vt and vomax and the percentage of playing time spent in zone r as well as low to high inverse correlations between the metabolic variables and the percentage of time spent in zone and r players with better aerobic fitness play at relatively lower intensities we conclude that players spent more than of the time in their lowintensity zone with less than of the time spent at moderate to high intensities aerobic fitness appears to determine the metabolic intensity that players can sustain throughout the game | 4|51|81|141 | study|advanced|ventilatory|heart |
obesity is the principal symptom of metabolic syndrome which refers to a group of risk factors that increase the likelihood of atherosclerosis in recent decades there has been a sharp rise in the incidence of obesity throughout the developed world isoαacids the bitter compounds derived from hops in beer have been shown to prevent DIO by increasing lipid oxidation in the CL and inhibition of lipid absorption from the intestine whereas the sharp bitterness induced by effective dose of isoαacids precludes their acceptance as a nutrient matured hop bittering components mhb appear to be more agreeable therefore we tested mhb for an effect on ameliorating dietinduced body fat accumulation in rodents mhb ingestion had a beneficial effect but compared to isoαacids and despite containing structurally similar compounds acted via different mechanisms to reduce body fat accumulation mhb supplementation significantly reduced body weight gain epididymal white AT weight and plasma nonesterified free HFA C2 in dietinduced obese mice we also found that uncoupling protein ucp expression in brown AT bat was significantly increased in mhbfed mice at both the mrna and protein C2 in addition mhb administration in rats induced the βadrenergic signaling cascade which is related to camp accumulation in bat suggesting that mhb could modulate SNA innervating bat batsna indeed single oral administration of mhb elevated batsna in rats and this elevation was dissipateted to determine the targettobackground tb ratio diffusely increased intake of the imaging agent was seen in the CL and spleen when the injectiontime interval between omniscan® and m tcmdp varied from min to min and when the time interval between magnevist® and m tcmdp was min min the imaging findings are consistent with the results of lb and sb ratios in each experiment group both omniscan® and magnevist® have an effect on m tcmdp uptake during bone scanning the main effect is diffusely increased hepatic and splenic activity | 54|61|145|151|152|167|181|206|242 | dietinduced obesity|liver|adipose tissue|fatty acid|levels|adipose tissue|levels|sympathetic nerve activity|liver |
polymorphisms in the endothelial nitric oxide synthase enos and in the plasminogen activator inhibitor pai genes have been implicated in stroke pathogenesis but results are still controversial the aim of this T0 was to examine the possible contribution of gluasp in the enos and gg in the paipolymorphisms with ischemic stroke in a young mexican population | 31 | study |
differences in matrix compositions in human nucleus pulposus np clinical samples demand different cell isolation protocols for optimal results but there is no clear guide about this to date suboptimal protocols may result in low cell yield limited reliability of results or even failure of experiments cell yield viability and attachment of cells isolated from bovine np tissue with different protocols were estimated by cell counting trypan blue staining and cell culturing respectively rna was extracted from isolated cells and quantified by nanodrop spectrometry and rtqpcr higher collagenase concentration longer digestion duration and pronase i.c.v. increased the cell yield cell viability remained high dead cells even T3 collagenase treatment for overnight np cells remained to have high acan cola cdh krt and krt expression compared to muscle cells for different cell isolation conditions tested digestion by collagenase alone without the use of pronase could isolate cells from human degenerated np tissue but clusters of cells were observed we suggest the use of the disappearance of tissue as an indirect measure of cells released this study provides a guide for researchers to decide the parameters involved in np cell isolation for optimal outcome | 94|106 | pretreatment|after |
the notch and transforming growth factor tgfβ signalling pathways play an important role in granulosa cell proliferation however the mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between these two signalling pathways are unknown herein we demonstrated a functional synergism between notch and tgfβ signalling in the regulation of preantral granulosa cell pagc proliferation activation of tgfβ signalling increased hairyenhancerofsplit related with yrpw motif gene hey expression one of the target genes of the notch pathway in pagcs and suppression of tgfβ signalling by smad knockdown reduced hey expression inhibition of the proliferation of pagcs by nndifluorophenacetyllalanylsphenylglycine tbutylester dapt an inhibitor of notch signalling was rescued by both the addition of acta and overexpression of smad indicating an interaction between the tgfβ and notch signalling pathways coimmunoprecipitation coip and chromatin immunoprecipitation chip assays were performed to identify the point of interaction between the two signalling pathways coip showed direct PPI between smad and notch intracellular domain nicd whereas chip showed that smad could be recruited to the promoter regions of notch target genes as a transcription factor therefore the findings of the present study support the idea that nuclear smad protein can integrate with nicd to form a complex that acts as a transcription factor to bind specific dna motifs in notch target genes such as hey and hey and thus participates in the transcriptional regulation of notch target genes as well as regulation of the proliferation of pagcs | 145 | proteinprotein interaction |
this review article provides a report on progress in the synthesis properties and catalytic applications of noble metal based composite nanomaterials we begin with a brief discussion on the categories of various composite materials we then present some important colloidal synthetic approaches to the composite nanostructures here L1 attention has been paid to bimetallic NPs we also introduce some important physiochemical properties that are beneficial from composite nanomaterials finally we highlight the catalytic applications of such composite NPs and conclude with remarks on prospective future directions | 47|54|77 | major|nanoparticles|nanoparticles |
there is a demand for a highly sensitive and specific pointof care test to detect acute myocardial infarction ami it is unclear if a highsensitivity troponin assay will have enough discriminative power to become a decision support in PC the aim of this study was to evaluate a highsensitivity troponin t CA performed in three primary health care centres in southeast sweden and to compare the outcome with a pointofcare troponin t test | 38|51 | primary care|assay |
coronavirus clike protease clpro is responsible for the cleavage of coronaviral polyprotein aab ppaab to produce the mature nonstructural proteins nsps of nsp the nsp of the newly emerging middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov was identified as clpro and its canonical cleavage sites between nsps were predicted based on sequence alignment but the cleavability of these cleavage sites remains to be experimentally confirmed and putative noncanonical cleavage sites inside one nsp within the ppaab awaits further analysis here we proposed a method for predicting coronaviral clpro cleavage sites which balances the prediction accuracy and false positive outcomes by applying this method to merscov the canonical cleavage sites were readily identified and verified by the PSA assays the K(m) of the canonical cleavage CS of merscov showed that the substrate specificity of merscov clpro is relatively conserved interestingly nine putative noncanonical cleavage sites were predicted and three of them could be cleaved by merscov nsp these results pave the way for identification and functional characterization of new nsp products of coronaviruses | 115|118|123 | biochemical|michaelis constant|sites |
biophysical cues provided by nanotopographical surfaces have been used as stimuli to guide neurite extension and regulate neural SC nsc differentiation here we fabricated biodegradable polymer substrates with nanoscale topography for enhancing human nsc hnsc differentiation and guided neurite outgrowth the ATP was constructed from biodegradable polylacticcoglycolic acid plga using solventassisted capillary force lithography we found that precoating with dihydroxylphenylalanine dopa facilitated the immobilization of polyllysine and fibronectin on plga substrates via bioinspired catechol chemistry the dopacoated nanopatterned substrates directed cellular alignment along the patterned grooves by contact guidance leading to enhanced focal adhesion skeletal protein reorganization and neuronal differentiation of hnscs as indicated by highly extended neurites from cell bodies and increased expression of neuronal markers tuj and map the addition of nerve growth factor further enhanced neuronal differentiation of hnscs indicating a synergistic effect of biophysical and biochemical cues on nsc differentiation these bioinspired plga nanopatterned substrates could potentially be used as implantable biomaterials for improving the efficacy of hnscs in treating neurodegenerative diseases | 18|41 | stem cell|substrate |
this T0 investigated the in vivo antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of origanum vulgare and mentha piperita both singly associated and in combination with immunotherapy to treat experimental pythiosis the disease was reproduced in rabbits divided into six CG n group control group treated with essential oil of mentha piperita group treated with essential oil of origanum vulgare group treated with commercial immunotherapic group treated with a association of oils of m piperita and o vulgare and group treated with a combination of both oils plus immunotherapy essential oils were addial of dfobearing peglike nanoprobes dfopns as therapeutics we determined their pharmacokinetics pk in normal mice and imaged their accumulation in a RT model and in models of transient brain ischemia and inflammation dfopns consist of a dfo a cy and peg kda or kda attached to lyscys scaffold tumor uptake of a zrdfopn kda peg diameter nm was imaged by pet surface fluorescence and FM dfopn was internalized by tumor cells FM and by cultured cells by facs zrdfopn kda peg diameter nm concentrated at incision generated inflammations but not at CS of transient brain ischemia dfopns are fluorescent pk tunable forms of dfo that might be investigated as antitumor or antiinflammatory agents | 1|39|113|156|163|183 | study|groups|tumor|fluorescence microscopy|fluorescence microscopy|sites |
epigenetic mechanisms are fundamental in cardiac adaptations CR reverse CR and disease a primary goal of translational cardiovascular research is recognizing whether diseaserelated changes in phenotype can be averted by eliminating or reducing the effects of environmental epigenetic risks there may be significant medical benefits in using genebyenvironment interaction knowledge to prevent or reverse organ abnormalities and disease this survey proposes that environmental forces associated with diastolic rvlv rotatory flows exert important albeit still unappreciated epigenetic actions influencing PET and morphological cardiac adaptations mechanisms analogous to murrays law of hydrodynamic shearinduced endothelial cell modulation of V1 geometry are likely to link diastolic vortexassociated shear torque and squeeze forces to rvlv adaptations the time has come to explore a new paradigm in which such forces play a fundamental epigenetic role and to work out how heart cells react to them findings from various imaging modalities computational fluid dynamics molecular cell biology and cytomechanics are considered the following are examined among others structural dynamics of myocardial cells Endo cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts cytoskeleton nucleoskeleton and EM mechanotransduction and signaling and mechanical epigenetic influences on genetic expression to help integrate and focus relevant pluridisciplinary research rotatory rvlv filling flow is placed within a working context that has a cytomechanics perspective this new frontier in cardiac research should uncover versatile mechanistic insights linking filling vortex patterns and attendant forces to variable expressions of gene regulation in rvlv myocardium in due course it should reveal intrinsic homeostatic arrangements that support ventricular myocardial CF and adaptability | 7|9|78|95|165|172|246 | remodeling|remodeling|functional|vascular|endocardium|extracellular matrix|function |
cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis patients the increased risk of cardiovascular disease is due to accelerated atherosclerosis inflammation and impaired lipoprotein metabolism we aimed to evaluate lipoproteinassociated phospholipase a lppla and some Th1 aspects of the lipoprotein profile in dialyzed patients in order to evaluate the relationship with the accelerated atherosclerosis and vascular accidents | 39 | proinflammatory |
kidneys from uncontrolled non heartbeating donors achieve a good level of renal CF Tx however a number of them will never function in the recipient our aim was to determine if SS biomarkers associated with PLT activity inflammation and the nitric oxide system in uncontrolled non HB donors may help to predict no renal CF REC T3 renal transplantation | 12|13|31|35|46|54|55|56 | function|after transplantation|serum|platelet|heartbeating|function|recovery|after |
the item pregnancyrelated anxiety questionnairerevised praqr is a widely used instrument to assess and identify pregnancyspecific anxiety in nulliparous women it has good psychometric values and predictive validity for birth and childhood outcomes nonetheless the praqr is not designed for use in parous women as particularly one item of the questionnaire is not relevant for women who gave birth before we tested the factorial and scalar invariance of a modified praqr across nulliparous and parous women with an adapted item to fit both groups of pregnant women a longitudinal T0 among pregnant women n nulliparous and n parous with two repeated measures of the praqr was used to test for measurement invariance of the instrument results show metric and scalar invariance indicating that the praqr measures similar constructs on the same scale for all pregnant women at two different times during pregnancy we conclude that the praqr can be used compared or combined in a sample of nulliparous and parous women | 89 | study |
cannabis is the most commonly used illicit drug during the perinatal period and has potential risks to the fetus the purpose of this study is to estimate the year prevalence of cannabis use and identify associated factors for a population of lowincome pregnant women in brazil we performed a crosssectional analysis of women surveyed using a structured questionnaire to collect sociodemographic clinical and substance use history the year prevalence of antenatal cannabis use was reported lifetime use was the presence of a common mental disorder and AS tobacco smoking were independently associated with cannabis use or ci and or ci respectively | 86 | active |
retrospective reports of exposure to childhood trauma indicate it is common there is growing interest in relationships between maternal SE to childhood adversity perinatal mental health and pregnancy outcomes the goal of this T0 was to describe the selfreported prevalence and testretest reliability of exposure to childhood maltreatment using the childhood trauma questionnaire among adult women around the time of pregnancy a substantial proportion of women reported exposure to maltreatment and reliability was generally at least moderate indicating consistent reporting | 19|33 | exposure|study |
polyureidoethyl methacrylate puem was prepared via reversible additionfragmentation chain transfer raft controlled radical polymerization and a postmodification reaction puem shows upper critical solution temperature ucst behavior in AQ solution although puem can dissolve in water above the ucst it cannot dissolve in water below the ucst diblock copolymers mmun composed of a biocompatible hydrophilic polymethacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine pmpc block and a puem block with different compositions were prepared via raft radical polymerization and a postmodification reaction m and u represent pmpc and puem blocks respectively and the subscripts represent the degree of polymerization of each block mu and mu formed CP micelles comprising a puem core and a pmpc shell below the critical aggregation temperature tc in aqueous solution polymer micelles were formed from mu below °c which can incorporate guest molecules into the core | 27|99 | aqueous|polymer |
premature ejaculation pe represents a common sexual dysfunction and is associated with a negative impact on quality of life anowing to the high content of al ions ± dry weight in alum sludge and the strong affinity of al ions to adsorb various pollutants especially phosphorus p alum sludge in the form of dewatered cakes has been investigated in recent years as a lowcost alternative substrate in constructed wetland cw systems to enhance the treatment efficiency especially for high strength pcontaining wastewater LT trials in different scales have demonstrated that the alum sludgebased cw is a promising technique with a twopronged feature of using waste for wastewater treatment alum sludge cakes in cw can serve as a medium for wetland plant growth as a carrier for biofilm development and as a porous material for wastewater infiltration after the intensive studies of the alum sludgebased cw system this paper aims to address the key issues and concerns pertaining to this kind of cw system these include is alum sludge suitable for reuse in cws is al released from the sludge a concern what is the lifespan of the alum sludge in cws how can p be recovered from the used alum sludge does clogging happen in alum sludgebased cw systems and what is the solution | 82 | longterm |
the presence of perfluorinated EDC pfcs in the effluents of a wastewater treatment plant wwtp in beijing was investigated in the current study perfluorooctanoate acid and perfluorooctane sulfonate were the predominant pfcs in wastewater accounting for and respectively the concentrations of pfcs with long chains were much lower than those pfcs with short chains â¤c an electrochemical oxidation reactor was employed for advanced treatment of pfcs in wwtp effluents using stainless steel plates as anode and cathode electrodes it was concluded that the removal efficiency of pfcs was improved accordingly with the increasing applied current density the removal efficiencies of target pfcs ranged from to with a reaction time of minutes current density of macm electrode SP distance of cm and electrode plate amounts of five pairs | 4|116 | compounds|plate |
the effect of phenylacetic acid paa pulses on anaerobic digestion ad performance and archaeal community structure was evaluated in anaerobic digesters treating SS from a wastewater treatment plant wwtp four pilotscale continuous stirred tank reactors were set up at a fullscale municipal wwtp in santiago de chile and fed with either primary or mixed SS ad performance was evaluated by volatile fatty acid vfa and biogas production monitoring archaeal community structure was characterized by s rrna denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and band sequencing in the primary sludge digester a single paa pulse at mg l was sufficient to affect ad performance and archaeal community structure resulting in longterm vfa accumulation reduced biogas production and community shift from dominant acetoclastic methanosaeta concilii to hydrogenotrophic methanospirillum hungatei methanogens by contrast ad performance and archaeal community structure in the mixed sludge digester were stable and resistant to repeated paa pulses at and mg l this work demonstrated that the effect of paa pulses on methanogenic activity and archaeal community structure differed according to ad ATP and suggests that better insights of the correlations between archaeal population dynamics and functional performance could help to better face toxic shocks in ad | 22|54|171 | sewage sludge|sewage sludge|substrate |
effective in situ remediation of groundwater requires the successful delivery of reactive iron particles through sand however the agglomeration of nano zerovalent iron nzvi particles limits the migration distance which inhibits their usefulness in the study described herein nzvi supported by mesoporous silica microspheres covered with feooh siofeoohfe was synthesized and its mobility was demonstrated on the basis of transport in porous media Kd of decabromodiphenyl ether bde was more efficient by siofeoohfe than by bare nzvi breakthrough curves and mass recovery showed the mobility of siofeoohfe in granular media was better than that of bare nzvi it increased greatly in the presence of NK organic matter nom and decreased when high ca and mg concentrations were encountered analysis of the transport data on the basis of filtration theory showed DWI to be the main mechanism for particle removal in Si sand increasing the nom may decrease agglomeration of the grains of sand which has a positive effect on the mobility of siofeoohfe presumably increasing the concentrations of ca and mg compresses the diffuse double layer of siofeoohfe resulting in a reduction of mobility | 63|104|130|140 | degradation|natural|diffusion|silicon |
the dragon lake diversion channel dldc is the only river that recharges dragon lake an artificial lake in china this paper examines the main factors influencing water quality by investigating point source and NPS pollutants along the main route based on the complicated system of rivers and desilting basins a threedimensional water quality model using environmental fluid dynamics code efdc was developed the model of dldc was calibrated and verified using observed data the error ranges of river water level TP total nitrogen and chemical oxygen demand were within and respectively all of which meet the precision requirement the model was employed to predict the concentrations of pollutants in the main stream under current pollution loads within a year and a flood lasting for hours the results revealed that the main pollution sources that influence the water quality of waterways were the point sources followed by the nonpoint pollution sources water quality improved when large water quantities were delivered and this trend can be described as dilution the water quality of the dongfeng main channel meets the requirement however the water quality of the dongfeng river is somewhat poor and the water SQ of the wei river is seriously contaminated to address these problems we suggest that the dongfeng river and wei river adopt a culvert under its riverbeds | 33|80|192 | nonpoint source|total phosphorus|quality |
anaerobic microecosystems designed with different concentrations of βestradiol βe ngl were simulated in this study the influence of different concentrations of βe on the emissions of typical greenhouse gases ch and co in simulated anaerobic microecosystems is analyzed to primarily explore the relationship between βe and such emissions in aquatic anaerobic ecosystems the results showed that βe could promote or significantly stimulate aquatic anaerobic microorganisms production of ch the degree and the promotion time of ch production were both enhanced with the increase of βe concentration furthermore under higher concentration of βe ⥠ngl the increasing tendency of aquatic anaerobic microbial populations activity and the CF of methanogenic activity under corresponding exp conditions had a synchronous relationship | 105|111 | function|experimental |
coastal zone act reauthorization amendments czara section necessitate the requirement that onsite wastewater disposal units located near impaired surface waters or groundwater to provide at least nitrogen removal approximately of hawaii households use onsite systems including septic tanks and cesspools that cannot meet this requirement upgrades to aerobic treatment units atus are a possible compliance solution in hawaii atus must meet national sanitaed in a topical cream base formula and lesions were treated daily for days the animals in groups and received a dose of immunotherapeutic agent every days the results revealed that the evolution of lesions in CG and did not differ from one another but differed from the other CG the lesions of group increased times every measurement while those of group increased times indicating that the smallest growth of the lesions occurred when the combination of therapies were used a rabbit from group showed clinical cure at day of treatment this research is the pioneer in the treatment of exp pythiosis using essential oils from medicinal plants and a combination of therapies this T0 demonstrated that the use of essential oils can be a viable alternative treatment to cutaneous pythiosis particularly when used in association or combination with immunotherapy | 98|111|162|176 | groups|groups|experimental|study |
the cytotoxin a mbxa is one of the main virulence factors of moraxella bovis involved in the pathogenesis of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis ibk moraxella ovis and moraxella bovoculi suspected to be associated with infectious keratitis in sheep and cattle respectively also have a gene that encodes the cytotoxin a mova and mbva respectively the aim of this T0 was to determine the molecular sequence of the region of the cytotoxin gene of moraxella spp strains isolated from clinical cases to establish phylogenetic and evolutionary comparisons pcr amplification nucleotide sequencing nt and amino acid aa sequence prediction were performed followed by the sequences comparison identity level calculation and selective pressure analysis the phylogenetic reconstruction based on nt and aa sequences clearly differentiate m bovis n m bovoculi n and m ovis n and their respective REF strains an alignment of nt revealed high similarity within bacterial species mbxa nt and aa mbva nt and aa mova nt and aa the similarity of partial sequences nt of mbxa in relation to mbva and mova ranged from to similarity between mbva and mova ranged from to a negative selection on mbva and mova sequences was revealed by the molecular evolution analysis the phylogenetic analysis of mova and mbva allowed different strains of moraxella spp to be grouped according to the period of isolation sequence analysis of cytotoxin may provide insights into genetic and evolutionary relationships and into the geneticmolecular basis of moraxella spp | 57|134 | study|reference |
the aim of this T0 was to assess splenic volume and to correlate unidimensional measurements with reference volumetric changes in chemotherapytreated patients with CC crc CL metastases | 4|23|25 | study|colorectal cancer|liver |
hemorrhage of the kidneys and adrenal glands has many etiologies in the adrenal PG trauma anticoagulation stress sepsis surgery and neoplasms are common causes of hemorrhage in the kidneys reasons for hemorrhage include trauma bleeding diathesis vascular diseases infection infarction hemorrhagic cyst rupture the antopolgoldman lesion and neoplasms angiomyolipoma and renal cell carcinoma are the neoplasms most commonly associated with hemorrhage in the kidneys and adrenal cortical carcinoma metastases and pheochromocytoma are associated with hemorrhage in the adrenal glands understanding the computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging features and causes of hemorrhage in the kidneys and adrenal PG is critical it is also important to keep in mind that mimickers of hemorrhage exist including lymphoma in both the kidneys and adrenal glands and melanoma metastases in the adrenal PG AGA imaging followup of renal and adrenal hemorrhage should occur to exclude an underlying malignancy as the cause if there is suspicion for malignancy that cannot be definitively diagnosed on imaging surgery or biopsy may be warranted angiography may be indicated when there is a suspected underlying V1 disease unnecessary intervention such as nephrectomy may be avoided in patients with benign causes or no underlying disease appropriate management is dependent on accurate diagnosis of the cause of renal or adrenal hemorrhage and it is incumbent upon the radiologist to determine the etiology | 13|97|128|129|176 | glands|glands|glands|appropriate|vascular |
to discuss the evaluation of the enhancement curve over time of the L1 renal cell carcinoma rcc subtypes oncocytoma and lipidpoor angiomyolipoma to aid in the preoperative differentiation of these entities differentiation of these lesions is important given the different prognoses of the subtypes as well as the desire to avoid resecting benign lesions | 12 | major |
tissue metabolomics requires high sample SQ that crucially depends on the biobanking storage protocol hence we systematically analyzed the influence of realistic storage scenarios on the CL metabolome with different storage temperatures and repeated transfer of samples between storage and retrieval environments simulating the repeated temperature changes affecting unrelated samples stored in the same container as the sample that is to be retrieved by cycling between storage °c freezer liquid nitrogen cold nitrogen gas and retrieval room temperature °c assuming three cycles per day and sample we simulated biobank storage between months and years liver tissue metabolome was analyzed by liquid chromatographymass spectrometry most metabolite concentrations changed for the first year of timecompressed biobanking simulation predominantly due to hydrolysis of peptides and lipids interestingly storage temperature affected metabolite concentrations only little while there was a linear dependence on the number of temperature change cycles elevated sample temperature during prolonged retrieval time led to a distinctly different signature of metabolite changes that were induced by cycling our findings allow giving recommendations for optimized storage protocols and provide signatures that allow detection of deviations from protocol | 5|26 | quality|liver |
we characterise sleeplike states in cultured SN and glia during OD in vitro as well as T3 electrical stimulation the addition of tumor necrosis factor alpha tnf and the combination of tnf plus electrical stimulation we also characterise optogenetic stimulationinduced atp release and neuronal interleukin and tnf expression in vitro demonstrating the activity dependence of these putative sleepregulatory substances action potential ap burstiness expressed as the burstiness index bi synchronization of slow electrical potentials between recording electrodes syn and slow wave sw power hz determined using fast fourier analyses emerged as network properties maturing after weeks in culture homologous in vivo measures are used to characterise sleep electrical stimulation reduced the bi syn and sw power values during andor after the CS- period one day later homeostasis was evident from rebounds of syn and sw SP values to above baseline levels the magnitude of the rebound was stimulus patterndependent the addition of tnf enhanced bi syn and sw power values suggesting the induction of a deeper sleeplike state electrical stimulation reversed these tnf effects suggesting the network state was more wakelike the day after tnf plus electrical stimulation the changes in syn and sw power values were dependent upon the stimulus patterns the cells received the day before we conclude that sleep and wake states in cultured in vitro networks can be controlled and they share molecular regulatory mechanisms with local in vivo networks further sleep is an activitydependent emergent local network property | 6|10|16|121|135 | neurons|development|after|stimulus|power |
clostridium difficile is the L1 cause of hospitalacquired infectious diarrhea and colitis in developed countries the pathogenicity of c difficile is mainly mediated by the PR of large potent exotoxins toxin a tcda and toxin b tcdb both of which require neutralization to prevent disease occurrence we have generated a novel chimeric protein designated mtcd comprised of the glucosyltransferase and cysteine proteinase domains of tcdb and the receptor IB domain of tcda and expressed it in bacillus megaterium to ensure that mtcd is atoxic pr markers as well the revelation of human fecal contamination during the dry season not connected to incidents of raining leachates suggests a continuous and direct exposure to septic systems pigpens were identified in the watersheds of zuf shefa and giach springs and on the border of the gaaton spring watershed their impact was correlated with partial PCD of the pigbac marker in gaaton spring which was lower than detection levels in all three of the other springs ruminant and swine markers were detected intermittently and their contamination potential during the wet samplings was exposed these results emphasized the importance of sampling design to utilize the mst approach to delineate subtleties of fecal contamination in the environment | 4|25|68|141 | major|release|binding|detection |
sphagnum bog ecosystems are among the oldest vegetation forms harboring a TPS microbial community and are known to produce an exceptionally wide variety of bioactive substances although the sphagnum metagenome shows a rich secondary metabolism the genes have not yet been explored to analyze nonribosomal peptide synthetases nrpss and polyketide synthases pkss the diversity of nrps and pks genes in sphagnumassociated metagenomes was investigated by in silico data mining and sequencebased screening pcr amplification of fosmid clones the in silico illuminabased metagenomic approach resulted in the identification of nrpss and pkss as well as pksnrps hybrid gene sequences the occurrence of nrps sequences was strongly dominated by the members of the protebacteria phylum especially by species of the burkholderia genus while pks sequences were mainly affiliated with actinobacteria thirteen novel nrpsrelated sequences were identified by pcr amplification screening displaying CAA identities of to to annotated sequences of members of the phyla proteobacteria actinobacteria and cyanobacteria some of the identified metagenomic clones showed the closest similarity to peptide synthases from burkholderia or lysobacter which are emerging bacterial sources of asyetundescribed bioactive metabolites this report highlights the role of the extreme natural ecosystems as a promising source for detection of secondary EDC and enzymes serving as a source for biotechnological applications | 11|139|199 | specific|amino acid|compounds |
to date most genetic engineering approaches coupling the type ii streptococcus pyogenes clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat crisprcas system to lambda red recombineering have involved minor single nucleotide mutations here we show that procedures for carrying out more complex chromosomal gene replacements in escherichia coli can be substantially enhanced through implementation of crisprcas genome editing we developed a threeplasmid approach that allows not only highly efficient recombination of short singlestranded oligonucleotides but also replacement of multigene chromosomal stretches of dna with large pcr products by systematically challenging the proposed system with respect to the magnitude of chromosomal deletion and size of dna IS we demonstrated dna deletions of up to kb encompassing nonessential chromosomal genes and insertion of up to kb of rat dna with recombination efficiencies permitting mutant PCD by colony pcr screening since crisprcascoupled recombineering does not rely on the use of chromosomeencoded antibiotic resistance or flippase recombination for antibiotic marker recycling our approach is simpler less laborintensive and allows efficient production of gene replacement mutants that are both markerless and scarless | 103|123|130 | insertion|heterologous|detection |
traditional chinese solidstate fermented cereal starters contain highly complex microbial communities and enzymes very little is known however about the microbial dynamics related to environmental conditions and cellulolytic communities have never been proposed to exist during cereal starter fermentation in this study we performed illumina miseq sequencing combined with pcrdenaturing gradient gel electrophoresis to investigate microbiota coupled with clone library construction to trace cellulolytic communities in both fermentation stages a succession of microbial assemblages was observed during the fermentation of starters lactobacillales and saccharomycetales dominated the initial stages with a continuous decline in relative abundance however thermotolerant and droughtresistant bacillales eurotiales and mucorales were considerably accelerated during the heating stages and these organisms dominated until the end of fermentation enterobacteriales were consistently ubiquitous throughout the process for the cellulolytic communities only the genera sanguibacter beutenbergia agrobacterium and erwinia dominated the initial fermentation stages in contrast stages at high incubation temperature induced the appearance and dominance of bacillus aspergillus and mucor the enzymatic dynamics of amylase and glucoamylase also showed a similar trend with the MICs clearly increased in the first days and subsequently decreased until the end of fermentation furthermore βglucosidase activity continuously and significantly increased during the fermentation process evidently cellulolytic potential can adapt to environmental conditions by changes in the community structure during the fermentation of starters | 174 | activities |
this study investigated the effects of varied sodium calcium and magnesium concentrations in specialty milk formulations on biofilm formation by geobacillus spp and anoxybacillus flavithermus the numbers of attached viable cells log cfu per square centimeter after to h of biofilm formation by three dairyderived strains of geobacillus and three dairyderived strains of a flavithermus were compared in two commercial milk formulations milk formulation b had relatively high sodium and low calcium and magnesium concentrations compared with those of milk formulation a but the two formulations had comparable fat protein and lactose concentrations biofilm formation by the three geobacillus isolates was up to log cfu cm lower in milk formulation b than in milk formulation a T3 to h and the difference was often significant p ⤠however no significant differences p ⤠were found when biofilm formations by the three a flavithermus isolates were compared in milk formulations a and b supplementation of milk formulation a with mm nacl significantly decreased p ⤠geobacillus biofilm formation T3 to h furthermore supplementation of milk formulation bances transformation il may augment protumor effects as well here we review both facets of il antitumor effects and protumor effects and discuss the potential clinical application of il as an antitumor agent | 116|167 | after|after |
giant aneurysms present a challenge to cerebrovascular surgeons on many fronts these lesions have significant mass effect on surrounding tissues and are often partially thrombosed with thickened or calcified walls these difficulties are amplified in cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage the treatment of these lesions often requires debulking or resection of the aneurysm with or without trapping and bypassing the aneurysm segment the case presented is of a man with a ruptured giant left MCA artery mca aneurysm presenting with seizure the treatment of this giant aneurysm involves dissection opening and internal evacuation including the use of US aspiration resection and clipping the patient was given aspirin preoperatively in preparation for possible superficial temporal arterymca or saphenous vein bypass if clipping was not possible vessel patency was evaluated using intraoperative doppler and indocyanine green angiography intraoperative somatosensory and motor CEP monitoring is performed in all cases postoperatively the patient was neurologically intact at year his modified rankin scale is with his only symptom being intermittent headache the video can be found here httpyoutubedimndiiobe | 73|96|138 | middle cerebral|ultrasonic|evoked potential |
symptomatic intracavernous aneurysm is rare cranial nerves in the CS are subjected to the mass effect of an expanding aneurysm microsurgical clipping is the treatment of choice to relieve compressive cranial neuropathy in this video the authors present a case of intracavernous aneurysm causing diplopia ptosis and facial numbness the patient was operated on via a pretemporal transclinoidtranscavernous RPA the aneurysm was completely obliterated through direct clipping there were no newonset neurologic deficits and complications T3 the operation CR recovery of the diplopia ptosis and facial numbness was observed at the month postoperative follow up the video can be found here httpyoutubewquoniaqm | 9|58|75|78 | cavernous sinus|approach|after|complete |
a common surgical complication of clipping aneurysms with a calcified neck is the calcified atheroma compromising the parent arteries T3 clipping the neck clips can slip downward at the calcified neck or cause calcified atheroma encroaching the parent arteries this video demonstrates a reconstructive clip technique to avoid these issues a fenestrated clip is placed first to reconstruct the distal parent arteryaneurysm neck with the fenestrated ring over the thickest calcification then a straight clip reconstructs the PT arteryaneurysm junction leaving the thickest point of calcified walls pinching together by themselves to achieve aneurysm occlusion while preserving the parent arteries the video can be found here httpyoutubecmoqlnq | 19|77 | after|proximal |
giant posterior circulation aneurysms pose a significant challenge to neurovascular surgeons among various treatment methods that have been applied individually or in combination clipping under hypothermic circulatory arrest hca is rarely used we present a yearold man who initially underwent coil occlusion of the RA vertebral artery va for a cm giant vertebrobasilar junction vbj aneurysm his neurological condition had declined gradually and the aneurysm grew to cm in size the patient underwent clip reconstruction of giant vbj aneurysm under hca his postoperative course was prolonged due to his preexisting neurological deficits his preoperative mRS was and improved postoperatively to at three and six months and to at one year the video can be found here httpyoutubelsilvejy | 44|94 | right|modified rankin score |
this video shows the surgical repair of a cm ica aneurysm found in a yearold woman who presented for right eye vision changes the patient underwent a RA modified orbitozygomatic craniotomy and saphenous vein bypass from the common carotid to the temporal m the aneurysm was then opened and repaired however since the anterior choroidal artery was not filling a salvage bypass between the anterior choroidal and the pcom was done both bypasses were patent and the patient has done well with a mrs of for vision symptoms the video can be found here httpyoutubecimyzfxgol | 27 | right |
clipping of a posterior projecting C1 posterior communicating aneurysm via transsylvian anterior temporal approach is presented to expose and clip this large aneurysm retraction of the temporal lobe is required via the conventional pterional RPA in this video we demonstrate microsurgical techniques as to how to dissect and mobilize the sylvian veins as well as a bridging vein to the sphenoparietal sinus and the middle CBF i.a. branches to the FL side T3 the microsurgical dissection a wide anteriolateral temporal space is obtained without significant temporal lobe retraction the aneurysm was completely obliterated via this approach the video can be found here httpyoutubevunxmyna | 5|34|65|66|70|72 | large|approach|cerebral|artery|frontal lobe|after |
perforating arteries rarely project from the fundus of an aneurysm we present the case of a yearold woman who was found to have a right posterior communicating artery pcom aneurysm via catheter angiography superselective microcatheter angiography revealed that perforating arteries arose from the aneurysm fundus that supplied the AL thalamus microsurgical exploration confirmed several small perforating arteries arising from the aneurysm dome as well as an atretic distal pcom artery given the complex anatomy the lesion was unsuitable for clipping we propose that this aneurysm represents a developmental variant whereby the proximal pcom artery becomes atretic and terminates in pcom perforators the video can be found here httpyoutubeidcpfsdjq | 48 | anterolateral |
the picket fence clipping technique is a method for clipping large aneurysms when conventional clipping across the neck is not feasible either due to complex anatomy atherosclerosis calcification or compromise of branch origins this has also been described as a dome fenestration tube parallel straight clips simple andor fenestrated are stacked vertically from dome to neck with the tips reconstructing the neck in this video the picket fence clipping technique is demonstrated on a large MCA artery mca aneurysm a total of clips reconstructed the neck CR occluding the aneurysm and preserving outflow in all CB vessels the video can be found here httpyoutubenryropy | 75|86|95 | middle cerebral|completely|branch |
a yearold man with progressive visual disturbances left superior quadrantanopsia and rightsided papilledema underwent imaging that demonstrated a right ICA artery ica terminus aneurysm with thirdventricle mass effect and ipsilateral optic nerve and chiasm compression we performed a RA modified orbitozygomatic craniotomy with proximal control and dissection of the aneurysm and small perforator arteries temporary ica and anterior cerebral artery aca clips allowed placement of a large curved permanent clip reconstructing the ica bifurcation and maintaining adequate patency of the aca and middle cerebral artery CR aneurysm obliteration was confirmed by intraoperative indocyanine green angiography and postoperative ct angiography the video can be found here httpyoutubeweegmaga | 19|38|85 | internal carotid|right|complete |
the number of endovascularlytreated aneurysms has steadily increased over the past two decades a small but significant number of recurrent or partially recanalized aneurysms have been identified if repeat endovascular therapies are not feasible due to anatomical or technical consided by subdiaphragmatic vagotomy single p.o. of mhb maintained bat temperature at a significantly higher level than in control rats taken together these findings indicate that mhb ameliorates dietinduced body fat accumulation at least partly by enhancing thermogenesis in bat via batsna activation our data suggests that mhb is a useful tool for developing functional foods or beverages to counteract the accumulation of body fat | 44 | oral administration |
idiosyncratic lapatinibinduced liver injury has been reported to be associated with human leukocyte antigen hladrb in order to investigate its mechanism interaction of lapatinib with hladrb and its ligand peptide derived from tetanus toxoid has been evaluated in vitro here we show that lapatinib enhances binding of the ligand peptide to hladrb furthermore in silico molecular dynamics analysis revealed that lapatinib could change the β chain helix in the hladrb specifically to form a tightly closed binding groove structure and modify a large part of the binding groove these results indicate that lapatinib affects the ligand binding to hladrb and idiosyncratic lapatinibinduced liver injury might be triggered by this mechanism this is the first report showing that the clinically available drug can enhance the IB of ligand peptide to hla class ii molecules in vitro and in silico | 124 | binding |
iga vasculitis igav previously named as henochschönlein purpura is the most common systematic vasculitis with unknown etiology lack of AGA T0 system andor rat limits the understanding of its molecular pathogenesis and hinders the identification of targets for rational therapy especially for its longterm complication igav nephritis igavn in this study we applied comparative analysis of serum proteomes to obtain an insight about disease pathogenesis this study has utilized high sensitivity nanoscale ultra performance liquid chromatographymass spectrometry nanolcmsms to investigate the alterations in serum proteomic profiles in patients with igav n igavn n and healthy subjects n the differentially expressed proteins were subjected to functional pathway analysis by panther and david software we identified differentially expressed proteins among three different CG and PET analysis suggested that in addition to earlier reported pathways such as acute phase response immune response complement and blood coagulation pathways hemostasis and wnt signaling pathway were probably involved in pathogenesis of igav a few differentially abundant proteins identified such as ca SS amyloid a angiotensinogen and kininogen were further validated by elisa more importantly we found that angiotensinogen concentration is correlated with igavn and could be used as a potential marker for the progression of igav this is the first report of analyzing the proteomic alterations in igav patients and the differentially proteins identified in this T0 may enhance understanding of the pathology of igav and a few of them may be used to monitor disease progression | 19|20|23|120|122|165|220 | appropriate|study|animal model|groups|functional|serum|study |
novel photoresponsive linear graft and comblike copolymers with azobenzene chromophores in the mainchain andor sidechain are prepared via a sequential ringopening metathesis polymerization romp and HT acyclic diene metathesis admet polymerization in a onepot procedure using grubbs rutheniumbased catalysts the diluted solutions of these asprepared copolymers containing azobenzene chromophores exhibit photochemical transcis isomerization under the irradiation of uv light followed by their cistrans backisomerization in visible light the rates of photoisomerization are found to be slower than those of backisomerization and the rate for the comblike copolymer is found to be from to times slower than that obtained for the linear or graft copolymer this is ascribed to the differences in structure of the copolymers and the specific location of azobenzene chromophores in the copolymer which favor a sidechain graft structure | 25 | headtotail |
recently we reported that saturated and unsaturated fatty acids trigger autophagy through distinct ST pathways saturated fatty acids like palmitate pa induce autophagic responses that rely on phosphatidylinositol kinase catalytic subunit type pikc best known as vps and beclin becn conversely unsaturated fatty acids like oleate ol promote noncanonical pikc and becnindependent autophagy here we explored the metabolic effects of autophagyinducing doses of pa and ol in mice mass spectrometry coupled to principal component analysis revealed that pa and ol induce well distinguishable changes in circulating metabolites as well as in the metabolic profile of the liver HR and skeletal muscle importantly pa but not ol causes the SD of multiple autophagyinhibitory amino acids in the CL conversely ol but not pa increased the hepatic levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide nad an obligate cofactor for autophagystimulatory enzymes of the sirtuin family moreover pa but not ol raised the concentrations of acylcarnitines in the heart a phenomenon that perhaps is linked to its cardiotoxicity pa also depleted the CL from spermine and spermidine polyamines have been ascribed with lifespanextending activity the metabolic changes imposed by unsaturated and saturated fatty acids may contribute to their healthpromoting and healthdeteriorating effects respectively | 13|97|108|116|167 | signal transduction|heart|depletion|liver|liver |
the recently discovered methylerythritol phosphate mep pathway provides new targets for the development of antibacterial and antimalarial drugs in the final step of the mep pathway the fes isph protein catalyzes the eh reductive dehydroxylation of ehydroxymethylbutenyl diphosphate hmbpp to afford the isoprenoid precursors IPP ipp and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate dmapp recent experiments have attempted to elucidate the isph catalytic mechanism to drive inhibitor OD two competing mechanisms have recently emerged differentiated by their proposed hmbpp IB modes upon e reduction of the fes cluster a birch reduction mechanism in which hmbpp remains bound to the fes cluster through its terminal coh group rohbound until the oh is cleaved as water and an organometallic mechanism in which the coh group rotates away from the fes cluster allowing the hmbpp olefin group to form a metallacycle complex with the apical iron ηbound we perform brokensymmetry density functional theory computations to assess the energies and reduction potentials associated with the roh and ηbound states implicated by these competing mechanisms reduction potentials obtained for rohbound states are more negative to v than what is typically expected of fes ferredoxin proteins instead we find that ηbound states are lower in energy than rohbound states when the fes cluster is e reduced furthermore ηbound states can already be generated in the oxidized state yielding reduction potentials of ca mv when electron addition occurs after rotation of the hmbpp coh group we demonstrate that such ηbound states are kinetically accessible both when the isph fes cluster is Ox and e reduced the energetically preferred pathway gives e reduction of the cluster after substrate conformational NC generating the e reduced intermediate proposed in the organometallic mechanism | 44|63|75|250|267 | isopentenyl pyrophosphate|development|binding|oxidized|change |
TCC is a malignancy that affects mainly the elderly and males up to of these cancers originate from urothelial epithelial cells and therefore they are called transitional urothelial cell carcinoma tcc another types are squamous cell carcionoma scc which involves about of cases and adenocarcinoma less than the factors that may lead to the development of TCC include genetic disorders molecular changes environmental exposures industrial carcinogens chemical contaminants and chronic cystitis this article depicts the current state of diagnostics of bladder CA with particular focus on urinebased tests although many markers with different structure are under research only the following have gained fda approval for TCC screening btastat bta trak urovysion and nmp bladderchek for followup nmp elisa and immunocyt ucyt are approved this work is mainly focused on mainly on d relationships recent evidence suggests that ondemand dosing of tramadol is effective at increasing intravaginal ejaculatory LT ielt and improving subjective measures of satisfaction a literature review was performed of journal articles published between january and july that matched the keywords tramadol and premature ejaculation we identified eight relevant articles with the criteria that each article be published in a peerreviewed journal represent original work and be written in english ielt was used as the primary outcome in each of the papers reviewed for tau additional subjective outcome measures were reviewed where available safety was assessed using adverse event data from the individual studies we found that tramadol in ondemand dosing is ERP at lengthening ielt in men with varying degrees of pe and improves patient satisfaction tramadol was generally well tolerated particularly among those taking and mg doses although there is a risk of abuse and dependence these events are rare particularly at low doses taken intermittently in conclusion tramadol is an effective oral therapy for pe that is overall safe and well tolerated | 0|56|81|105|147|215|243 | bladder cancer|bladder cancer|cancer|bladder cancer|latency time|efficacy|effective |
men tend to have greater positive responses than women to explicit visual erotic stimuli eves however it remains unclear which brain network makes men more sensitive to eves and which AF contribute to the brain network activity in this study we aimed to assess the effect of sex difference on brain connectivity patterns by eves we also investigated the association of testosterone with brain connection that showed the effects of sex difference during functional magnetic resonance imaging scans males and females were asked to see AC blocks of pictures that were either erotic or nonerotic psychophysiological interaction analysis was performed to investigate the functional connectivity of the nucleus accumbens na as it related to eves men showed significantly greater evesspecific PET connection between the RA na and the RL occipital cortex loc in addition the right na and the RA loc network activity was positively correlated with the plasma testosterone level in men our results suggest that the reason men are sensitive to eves is the increased interaction in the visual reward networks which is modulated by their plasma testosterone level | 30|85|120|124|128|139 | factors|alternating|functional|right|right lateral|right |
we evaluated concordance levels of young adult spouses n couples total n with regards to sexual satisfaction by using golombockrust inventory of sexual satisfaction griss each spouse of the couples filled out both female and male forms of the griss self and spousereported scores were analyzed in terms of interrater correlation and agreement the prevalence of overall sexual dissatisfaction was and in wives and husbands respectively the correlation coefficient r between the selfreported overall sexual satisfaction scores and those assessed by the spouses was p and p for wives and husbands respectively the sensitivity for perception of partners sexual problems ranged to and the specificity was around to except for vaginismus which had a sensitivity of and a specificity of the prevalanceadjusted and biasadjusted kappa pabak value for overall sexual dissatisfaction reported by themselves and that assessed by their spouses was and for the wives and husbands respectively for specific female sexual problems the pabak value was the highest in female dissatisfaction followed by anorgasmia female avoidance vaginismus infrequency noncommunication and female nonsensuality for specific male sexual problems the pabak value was the highest in male nonsensuality followed by male dissatisfaction infrequency noncommunication male avoidance impotence and PE our findings suggested that in this clinical sample the partners perception of sexual dysfunction and dissatisfaction did not correlate well with the subjects selfreported sexual problems and generally male sexual problems were less correctly perceived by the partners than were female sexual problems this result may provide helpful information for clinicians who take care of patients sexual problems | 197 | premature ejaculation |
moyamoya disease is a chronic cerebrovascular disease with unknown etiology which is characterized by bilateral stenoocclusive changes at the terminal portion of the ICA artery and an abnormal vascular network formation at the base of the brain MMD is known to have unique and dynamic nature to convert the vascular supply for the brain from internal carotid ic system to the external carotid ec system as indicated by suzukis angiographic staging established in insufficiency of this icec conversion system may result in CBF ischemia as well as in intracranial hemorrhage from inadequate collateral vascular network both of which represent the clinical presentation of MMD therefore surgical revascularization by extracranialintracranial bypass is the preferred procedure for moyamoya disease to complement icec conversion and thus to avoid CBF infarction andor intracranial hemorrhage LT outcome of revascularization surgery for MMD is favorable but rapid increase in CBF blood flow on the affected hemisphere could temporarily cause unfavorable phenomenon such as cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome we would review the current status of revascularization surgery for moyamoya disease based on its basic pathology and sought to discuss the significance of measuring cerebral blood flow in the acute stage and intensive perioperative management | 23|37|82|103|125|130|136|143 | internal carotid|moyamoya disease|cerebral|moyamoya disease|cerebral|longterm|moyamoya disease|cerebral |
recently the strategy of protectiondeprotection of functional groups has been widely employed to design FL probes as the protectiondeprotection of functional groups often induces a marked change in electronic properties significant advances have been made in the development of analyteresponsive fluorescent probes based on the protectiondeprotection strategy in this tutorial review we highlight the representative examples of smallmolecule based fluorescent probes for bioimaging which are operated via the protectiondeprotection of key functional CG such as aldehyde hydroxyl and amino PET CG reported from to the discussion includes the general protectiondeprotection methods for aldehyde hydroxyl or amino groups as well as the design strategies sensing mechanisms and deprotection modes of the representative fluorescent imaging probes applied to bioimaging | 14|72|79|80 | fluorescent|groups|functional|groups |
aperf is a large transcription factor family that regulates plant physiological processes such as plant development and stress response carrot daucus carota l is an important economical crop with a genome size of mb the draft genome sequencing of this crop has been completed by our group however little is known about the aperf factors in carrot in this study a total of putative aperf AF were identified from the wholegenome sequence of carrot these aperf proteins were phylogenetically clustered into five subfamilies based on their similarity to the amino acid sequences from arabidopsis the distribution and comparative genome analysis of the aperf factors among plants showed the aperf factors had expansion during the evolutionary process and the ap domain was highly conserved during evolution the number of aperf AF in land plants expanded during their evolution a total of orthologous and coorthologous aperf gene pairs between carrot and arabidopsis were identified and the interaction network of orthologous genes was constructed the expression patterns of eight aperf family genes from each subfamily dreb erf ap and rav were related to abiotic stresses yeast onehybrid and βgalactosidase activity assays confirmed the dre and gcc boxbinding activities of dreb subfamily genes this T0 is the first to identify and characterize the aperf transcription factors in carrot using wholegenome analysis and the findings may serve as references for future functional research on the transcription factors in carrot | 65|129|200 | factors|factors|study |
essence refers to early symptomatic syndromes eliciting neurodevelopmental clinical examinations it includes a broad range of EO neurodevelopmental disordetion foundation standard nsf class i effluent criteria previously a multichamber flowthrough combined attachedsuspended growth type atu oesis and presently a sequencing batch type atu cbt kf were evaluated for nsf compliance nutrient removal capability nsf and adaptability for water reuse nsf both units easily achieved the nsf class i effluent criteria while the oesis achieved only nitrogen removal the cbt unit achieved nitrogen removal meeting the nsf criteria and czara requirements for applications in critical wastewater disposal areas in addition the cbt consistently produced effluent with turbidity less than ntu nsf and uvt greater than facilitating the production of unrestricteduse recycled water | 16 | early onset |
a novel energysaving anaerobic baffled reactormembrane bioreactor eabrmbr system has been developed as a compact biological treatment system for reuse of water from a highrise building the anaerobic baffled reactor abr compartment had five baffles and served as the anaerobic Kd zone followed by the aerobic mbr compartment the total operating hydraulic PR time hrt of the eabrmbr system was hours hours for abr compartment and very short hrt of hour for aerobic mbr compartment the wastewater came from the charoen wisawakam building the results showed that treated effluent quality was quite good and highly promising for water reuse purposes the average flux of the membrane was kept at lmh the eabrmbr system could remove chemical oxygen demand total nitrogen and total phosphorus from building wastewater by more than moreover it was found that phosphorus concentration was rising in the abr compartment due to the phosphorus release phenomenon and then the concentration decreased rapidly in the aerobic mbr compartment due to the phosphorus uptake phenomenon this implies that phosphorusaccumulating organisms inside the eabrmbr system are responsible for biological phosphorus removal the research suggests that the eabrmbr system can be a promising system for water reuse and reclamation for highrise building application in the near future | 40|52 | degradation|retention |
efficient water management is a priority in the EU union since the operational efficiency of many water utilities is very low compared to best practice several countries are restructuring the water industry to save costs largerscale operations and vertical integration are promoted to achieve scale and scope economies however the literature is not unanimous that such economies exist there is also little evidence of the effect of customer density on costs this article offers some insights into this matter analysing the danish water industry by a twostage DEA approach to investigate the effects of size scope and density in the wastewater industry the results show that the danish wastewater industry is positively affected by vertical integration and higher population density firms that serve more than person per km of sewer and combine water and wastewater services achieve better efficiency size does not have any significant influence on global efficiency although technical pure efficiency decreases statistically with firm size | 8|87 | european|data envelopment analysis |
a novel and integrated biofilm processthe sulfate reduction sr and mixotrophic mr sulfideutilization denitrification process smsdwas recently proposed for sulfate treatment and sulfur REC the process consisted of two bioreactors a l anaerobic upflow reactor for sr and a l anaerobic upflow reactor for mr desulfurizationdenitrification the experiment was conducted for days to evaluate the performance of smsd at various sulfate concentrations and hydraulic retention times the process successfully achieved sulfate organics and nitrogen compound removal efficiencies of and respectively sulfate was predominantly converted to element sulfur while NO(x) were finally converted to nitrogen gas in sr with the help of high ph and sponge cubes with various bacteria of sulfide conversion efficiency and mgsl of sulfide were obtained in mr sulfide was removed up to and was partially Ox to sulfur the extent of heterotrophic denitrification which ranged from to depended on the categories of electron acceptors | 23|88|129 | recovery|nitrate and nitrite|oxidized |
bisphenol a bpa is an industrial pollutant considered as one of the major endocrinedisrupting chemicals found in NK waters in the present study the use of a commercial airstable zerovalent iron zvi powder consisting of fe surface stabilized NPs was examined for the treatment of mgl aqueous bpa solutions the influence of ph addition of hydrogen peroxide hp and persulfate ps oxidants and mm as well as temperature and °c was studied for bpa treatment with gl zvi zvi coupled with hp or ps provided an effective treatment system which was based on rapid zvimediated decomposition of the abovementioned oxidants resulting in complete bpa as well as significant total organic carbon toc removals in particular when ps was employed as the oxidant increasing the ps concentration and reaction temperature dramatically enhanced ps decomposition and bpa removal rates whereas hp was not very ERP in toc removals and at elevated temperatures according to the bioassays conducted with vibrio fischeri and pseudokirchneriella subcapitata the acute toxicity of AQ bpa fluctuated at first but decreased appreciably at the end of zvips treatment | 17|38|142|165 | natural|nanoparticles|effective|aqueous |
sourceseparated human urine may be used as a source of fertilizers indirectly through processing with clinoptilolite the suggested form of fertilizer is clinoptilolite loaded with plant nutrients from urine where nitrogen and phosphorus will be released upon contact with water triggered by the need for handling high concentrations remaining in the liquid phase to be disposed of this paper aims to present the option of improving the residual nutrient SQ through stagewise processing with clinoptilolite while investigating any improvement in nutrient removal two sets of experiments stagewise operation under i constant loadings and ii variable loadings in each stage are discussed stagewise operation has been observed to be successful for attaining reduced residual liquid phase concentrations as well as improvements in nitrogen recovery as compared to singlestage operation comparing constant and variable stagewise loadings the final concentration is times lower with variable loadings the latter is comparable to a level found in only of conventional domestic wastewater volume stagewise operation was beneficial from the standpoint of both additional nutrient REC and for residuals control with more pronounced benefits for attaining higher SQ residual liquid phase concentrations to be disposed of | 69|169|181 | quality|recovery|quality |
in this T0 we investigated the removal of phosphate from aqueous solutions using vinylbenzyltrimethylammonium chloride vbtac grafted onto PE terephthalate pet fibers petgvbtac batchmode experiments were conducted using various contact times initial phosphate concentrations temperatures ph values and competing anions to understand phosphate sorption onto petgvbtac the phosphate sorption capacity of petgvbtac increased with increasing solution ph and was highest near ph the equilibrium data fitted the langmuir isotherm model well the maximum sorption capacity qm of petgvbtac for phosphate was mgg at °c the sorption process followed a pseudosecondorder kinetic model the obtained values of the mean free energy indicated that sorption of phosphate on petgvbtac occurs via ion exchange thermodynamic parameters enthalpy change entropy change and gibbs free energy confirmed that phosphate sorption was spontaneous and endothermic the adverse effects of competing anions on phosphate removal by petgvbtac were insignificant these results demonstrate that petgvbtac effectively removes phosphate from AQ solutions by ion exchange | 2|18|151 | study|polyethylene|aqueous |
an oilwater emulsion from the machinery industry was treated using fentons reagent the objective was to reduce the high COD cod of this waste stream so that it would meet the cod effluent limit of chinese standard js the optimal hofe ratio for cod removal was an orthogonal experimental design was developed based oint mutations were introduced to the glucosyltransferase domain of tcdb which essentially eliminates toxicity of mtcd parenteral immunizations of mice and hamsters with mtcd induced protective antibodies to both toxins and provided protection against infection with the hypervirulent c difficile strain uk | 19 | chemical oxygen demand |
HFA fa catabolism abnormality has been proved to play an important role in obesityrelated cardiomyopathy we hypothesized that cardiospecific suppression of cd the predominant membrane fa transporter would protect against obesityrelated cardiomyopathy | 0 | fatty acid |
tricuspid regurgitant tr jet velocity and its relationship to pulmonary hypertension has been controversial in sickle cell disease scd plasma free hemoglobin is elevated in scd patients and acutely impairs systemic vascular CR we postulated that plasma free hemoglobin would be negatively associated with both systemic and pulmonary EC function assessed by flowmediated dilation fmd of the brachial i.a. and tr jet velocity respectively whole blood viscosity plasma free hemoglobin tr jet and fmd were measured in chronically transfused scd pre and posttransfusion n in nontransfused scd n and in ethnicitymatched control subjects n we found increased tr jet velocity and decreased fmd in nontransfused scd patients compared with the other groups tr jet velocity was inversely correlated with fmd there was a striking nonlinear relationship between plasma free hemoglobin and both tr jet velocity and fmd a single transfusion in the chronically transfused cohort improved fmd in our patient sample tr jet velocity and fmd were most strongly associated with plasma free hemoglobin and transfusion status transfusions being protective and thus consistent with the hypothesis that intravascular hemolysis and increased endogenous erythropoiesis damage vascular endothelia | 32|48|58 | reactivity|endothelial|artery |
immune thrombocytopenia itp is a common autoimmune bleeding disorder characterized by autoantibodies targeting platelet surface proteins most commonly gpiibiiia αiibβ Int leading to platelet destruction recently cd cytotoxic tlymphocytes ctls targeting platelets and megakaryocytes have also been implicated in TP because CS are the most commonly po therapy for itp worldwide we established both active immunized splenocyte engraftment and passive antibody injection mu models of steroid treatment surprisingly we found that in both models cd t cells limited the severity of the thrombocytopenia and were required for an efficacious response to steroid therapy conversely cd tcell depletion led to more severe thrombocytopenia whereas cd tcell transfusion ameliorated TP cd tregulatory cell treg subsets were detected and interestingly dexamethasone dex treatment selectively expanded cd tregs while decreasing ctls in vitro coculture studies revealed cd tregs suppressed cd and cd proliferation plateletassociated immunoglobulin g generation ctl cytotoxicity PLT apoptosis and clearance furthermore we found increased production of antiinflammatory interleukin in coculture studies and in vivo T3 steroid treatment thus we uncovered subsets of cd tregs and demonstrated their potent immunosuppressive and protective roles in experimentally induced thrombocytopenia the data further elucidate mechanisms of steroid treatment and suggest therapeutic potential for cd tregs in immune thrombocytopenia | 20|39|41|46|62|107|145|163 | integrin|thrombocytopenia|steroids|administered|murine|thrombocytopenia|platelet|after |
Pc repressive complex prc is a chromatin modifier that regulates stem cells in embryonic and AD tissues lossoffunction studies of prc components have been complicated by early embryonic dependence on prc activity and the partial functional redundancy of enhancer of zeste homolog ezh and enhancer of zeste homolog ezh which encode the enzymatic component of prc here we investigated the role of prc in hematopoiesis by conditional deletion of suppressor of zeste protein homolog suz a core component of prc complete loss of suz resulted in failure of hematopoiesis both in the embryo and the adult with a loss of maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells hscs in contrast partial loss of prc enhanced hsc selfrenewal although suz was required for lymphoid OD deletion in individual blood cell lineages revealed that it was dispensable for the development of granulocytic monocytic and megakaryocytic cells collectively these data reveal the multifaceted role of prc in hematopoiesis with divergent dosedependent effects in hsc and distinct roles in maturing blood cells because prc is a potential target for cancer therapy the significant consequences of modest changes in prc activity as well as the cell and developmental stagespecific effects will need to be carefully considered in any therapeutic context | 0|15|121 | polycomb|adult|development |
platelets protect vascular integrity during inflammation recent evidence suggests that this action is independent of thrombus formation and requires the engagement of glycoprotein vi gpvi but it remains unclear how platelets prevent inflammatory bleeding we investigated whether platelets and gpvi act primarily by preventing detrimental effects of neutrophils using models of immune complex icmediated inflammation in mice immunodepleted in platelets andor neutrophils or deficient in gpvi depletion of neutrophils prevented bleeding in thrombocytopenic and gpvi mice during icmediated dermatitis gpvi deficiency did not modify neutrophil recruitment which was reduced by thrombocytopenia neutrophil cytotoxic activities were reduced in thrombocytopenic and gpvi mice during icmediated inflammation intravital microscopy revealed that in this setting intravascular binding sites for platelets were exposed by neutrophils and gpvi supported the recruitment of individual platelets to these spots furthermore the platelet sec response accompanying icmediated inflammation was partly mediated by gpvi and blocking of gpvi signaling impaired the vasculoprotective action of platelets together our results show that gpvi plays a dual role in inflammation by enhancing neutrophildamaging activities while supporting the activation and hemostatic adhesion of single platelets to neutrophilinduced V1 breaches | 134|183 | secretory|vascular |
critical steps of embryo implantation are controlled by progesterone these processes can be interrupted by progesterone receptor pr antagonists eg drugs used for abortion antiprogestin effects induced by natural EDC and environmental chemicals have been rarely addressed in our in vitro study we investigated putative antiprogestin activities of with mm cacl or mm mgcl significantly increased p ⤠geobacillus biofilm formation after to h it was concluded that relatively high free na and low free ca and mg concentrations in milk formulations are collectively required to inhibit biofilm formation by geobacillus spp whereas biofilm formation by a flavithermus is not impacted by typical cation concentration differences of milk formulations | 29 | compounds |
the manner and extent to which birds associate with humans may influence the genetic attributes and antimicrobial resistance of their commensal escherichia communities through CS transmission and altered selection pressures in this study we determined whether the distribution of the different escherichia coli phylogenetic CG and cryptic clades the occurrence of virulence associated genes andor the prevalence of resistance to antimicrobials differed between four groups of birds from australia with contrasting types of human association we found that birds sampled in suburban and wilderness Az had similar escherichia communities the escherichia communities of backyard domestic poultry were phylogenetically distinct from the escherichia communities sourced from all other birds with a large proportion of poultry strains belonging to phylogenetic group a and a significant minority belonging to the cryptic clades wild birds sampled from veterinary and wildlife rehabilitation centers incare birds carried escherichia isolates that possessed particular virulenceassociated genes more often than escherichia isolates from birds sampled in suburban and wilderness Az the escherichia isolates from both the backyard poultry and incare birds were more likely to be multidrug resistant than the escherichia isolates from wild birds we also detected a multidrugresistant e coli CS circulating in a wildlife rehabilitation center reinforcing the importance of adequate hygiene practices when handling and caring for wildlife we suggest that the relatively VHF of antimicrobial resistance in the incare birds and backyard poultry is due primarily to the use of antimicrobials in these animals and we recommend that the treatment protocols used for these birds be reviewed | 24|44|84|160|193|218 | strain|groups|areas|areas|strain|high frequency |
because of high diurnal water SQ fluctuations in raw municipal wastewater the use of proportional autosampling over a period of h at municipal wastewater treatment plants wwtps to evaluate carbon nitrogen and phosphorus removal has become a standard in many countries microbial removal or load estimation at municipal wwtps however is still based on manually recovered grab samples the goal of this study was to establish basic knowledge regarding the persistence of standard bacterial fecal indicators and bacteroidetes genetic microbial source tracking markers in municipal wastewater in order to evaluate their suitability for automated sampling as the potential lack of persistence is the main argument against such procedures raw and secondary treated wastewater of municipal origin from representative and wellcharacterized biological wwtps without disinfection organic carbon and nutrient removal was investigated in microcosm experiments at and °c with a total storage time of h including a h autosampling component and an h postsampling phase vegetative escherichia coli and enterococci as well as CP spores were selected as indicators for cultivationbased standard enumeration molecular analysis focused on total allbac and humanassociated genetic bacteroidetes bachumucd hf taqman markers by using quantitative pcr as well as s rrna genebased nextgeneration sequencing the microbial parameters showed high persistence in both raw and treated wastewater at °c under the storage conditions used surprisingly and in contrast to results obtained with treated wastewater persistence of the microbial markers in raw wastewater was also high at °c on the basis of our results h autosampling procedures with °c storage conditions can be recommended for the investigation of fecal indicators or bacteroidetes genetic markers at municipal wwtps such autosampling procedures will contribute to better understanding and monitoring of municipal wwtps as sources of fecal pollution in water resources | 5|162 | quality|clostridium perfringens |
in a recent paper we demonstrated that inactivation of the agr system affects the patterns of survival of listeria monocytogenes al vivant d garmyn l gal and p piveteau front cell infect microbiol httpdxdoiorgfcimb in this T0 we investigated whether the agrmediated response is triggered during adaptation in soil and we compared survival patterns in a set of soils the fate of the parental strain l monocytogenes l a rifampinresistant mutant of l monocytogenes egde and that of a δagra deletion mutant were compared in a collection of soil microcosms the δagra mutant displayed significantly reduced survival in these biotic soil microcosms and differential transcriptome analyses showed large alterations of the transcriptome when agra was not functional while the variations in the transcriptomes between the wild type and the δagra deletion mutant were modest under abiotic conditions indeed in biotic soil environments proteincoding genes and an extensive repertoire of noncoding rnas ncrnas were differentially transcribed the transcription of genes coding for proteins involved in cell envelope and cellular processes including the phosphotransferase system and abc transporters and proteins involved in resistance to antimicrobial MMP was affected under sterilized soil conditions the differences were limited to genes and ncrnas these results suggest that the RR agra of the agr communication system plays important roles during the saprophytic life of l monocytogenes in soil | 36|183|203 | study|peptides|response regulator |
avermectins produced by streptomyces avermitilis are commercially important anthelmintic agents the detailed regulatory mechanisms of avermectin biosynthesis remain unclear here we identified sav a tetrfamily transcriptional regulator designated avet to be an activator for both avermectin production and morphological differentiation in s avermitilis avet was shown to indirectly stimulate avermectin production by affecting transcription of the clustersituated activator gene aver avet directly repressed transcription of its own gene avet adjacent gene pepd sav sav designated avem and sav by binding to an bp perfect palindromic sequence cgaaacgktkycgtttcg where k is t or g and y is t or c and where the underlining indicates inverted repeats within their promoter regions avem which encodes a putative transmembrane efflux protein belonging to the MFS mfs the important target gene of avet had a striking negative effect on avermectin production and morphological differentiation overexpression of avet and deletion of avem in wildtype and industrial strains of s avermitilis led to clear increases in the C2 of avermectin production in vitro gelshift assays suggested that cob the late pathway precursor of avermectin b acts as an avet ligand taken together our findings indicate positivefeedback regulation of avet expression and avermectin production by a late pathway intermediate and provide the basis for an efficient strategy to increase avermectin production in s avermitilis by manipulation of avet and its target gene product avem | 121|161 | major facilitator superfamily|levels |
the dual roles of capsular extracellular polymeric substances eps in the photocatalytic inactivation of bacteria were demonstrated in a tiouva system by comparing wildtype escherichia coli CS bw and isogenic mutants with upregulated and downregulated production of capsular eps in a partition system in which direct contact between bacterial cells and tio particles was inhibited an increase in the amount of eps was associated with increased bacterial resistance to photocatalytic inactivation in contrast when bacterial cells were in direct contact with tio particles an increase in the amount of capsular eps decreased cell viability during photocatalytic treatment taken together these results suggest that although capsular eps can protect bacterial cells by consuming photogenerated reactive species it also facilitates photocatalytic inactirations surgical clipping may be considered the technical challenges in the microsurgical treatment include coils interfering with the clip application the possibility of an aneurysm that is less collapsible and less easy to manipulate and IL thrombus formation requiring thrombus and coil removal the video presents the technical steps and nuances for clipping the technical issues for coil removal are illustrated in two cases the video can be found here httpyoutubenvhsdvtiue | 26|154 | strain|intraluminal |
broadnecked middle cerebral artery aneurysms present unique challenges for the V1 neurosurgeon who must contend with smaller vessels and often a complex clipping strategy due to their SF location these lesions are still commonly selected for microsurgical clipping we present a case of a yearold woman with significant AVD with a right middle CBF i.a. aneurysm we discuss the key surgical steps demonstrate the microsurgical dissection and intraoperative rupture encountered and the final clipping strategy as well as the postoperative course in this operative video presentation the video can be found here httpyoutubeqzgvqzxdq | 10|27|48|53|54 | vascular|superficial|vascular disease|cerebral|artery |
intracranial blister aneurysms are difficult to treat cerebrovascular lesions that typically affect the anterior circulation these rare aneurysms can lead to acute rupture which usually cannot be treated via endovascular methods but still require urgent surgical intervention surgical options are limited given their unique pathology and often require a combination of wrapping and clip reconstruction in this video we present two patients with acute subarachnoid hemorrhage AA to ruptured blister aneurysms we demonstrate several surgical techniques for repairing the vascular defect with and without intraoperative rupture the video can be found here httpyoutubenzjmukqu | 66 | secondary |
a yearold woman is diagnosed with a large broadbase RA OA aneurysm despite an IN visual field she complained of mild right visual blurriness between endovascular and surgical treatments surgery was favored due to her young age it was decided to perform the surgery with simultaneous endovascular temporary carotid balloon occlusion a right pterional craniotomy and intradural anterior clinoidectomy were performed the balloon was positioned in the petrous carotid and the distal durai ring was opened exposing the proximal neck under temporary proximal carotid balloon occlusion and distal carotid clip occlusion the aneurysm was fully dissected and clipped intraoperative angiogram confirmed complete aneurysm occlusion and patency of the OA the patients neurological exam remained unchanged the video can be found here httpyoutubebiqktlbdqa | 9|10|14|108 | right|ophthalmic artery|intact|ophthalmic artery |
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