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selective separation and REC of coiimnii from purified terephthalic acid pta production wastewater is very important to reduce the coiimnii catalysts consumption and control the pollutant discharge this work employed zeolites naa nax and hzsm with different pore sizes and nai contents to selectively separate and recover coiimnii from pta wastewater and to understand the adsorption mechanism it is found that only naa can exclusively adsorb coiimnii through ionexchange without adsorbing any aromatic organic compound aoc oppositely hzsm shows the highest adsorption capacity for aocs but almost no adsorption for coiimnii and nax exhibits moderate adsorption capacities for both coiimnii and aocs moreover ph can significantly impact the adsorption of both coiimnii and aocs due to the competitive adsorption between hi and coiimnii and the electrostatic repulsion between aocs and zeolites the adsorption kinetics isotherms and thermodynamics were also investigated to lay a good basis for process development importantly benchscale experiments for simulating the industrial T0 were carried out and the results show that the adsorption capacity of the naa particles for coiimnii from the industrial pta wastewater is mgg respectively without adsorbing any aoc therefore an efficient strategy to selectively separate and recover coiimnii from pta wastewater was successfully developed

3|155

recovery|operation

depressive disorder is one of the most widespread forms of mental disorders which lead to a significant public health concern such as disability suicide and so on its etiology remains vague but it is believed that depressive disorder is a multifactorial disease which is induced by the interaction of social psychological and biological factors thus there is no clear and definite pathological theory could illustrate its mechanism independently until now involving genetics neuroimaging neuroinflammation neuroendocrine and others comprehensive assessment to patients with depression is the starting point for a RA diagnosis historytaking of physical condition is as important as psychiatric interview and rational usage of scales would be beneficial for screening there are many kinds of therapeutic measures for depressive patients nowadays including general MI pharmacotherapy psychotherapy and PCS therapy for now antidepressants used in clinical practice is almost monoaminebased drugs while much more progress have been made in developing new antidepressant medications like prototypical nmethyldaspartate nmda receptor antagonists opioid agonists gammaaminobutyric acid gaba

89|124|128

right|intervention|physical

MD mdd and BP disorder bpd are both chronic severe mood disorder with high misdiagnosis rate leading to substantial health and economic burdens to patients around the world there is a high misdiagnosis rate of bipolar depression bd just based on symptomology in depressed patients whose previous manic or mixed episodes have not been well recognized therefore it is important for psychiatrists to identify these two major psychiatric disorders recently with the accumulation of clinical sample sizes and the advances of methodology and technology certain progress in the genetics of major depression and bipolar disorder has been made this article reviews the candidate genes for mdd and bd genetic variation loci chromosome structural variation new technologies and new methods

0|3

major depressive disorder|bipolar

neuroimaging shed CS on the understanding of psychopathological mechanisms underlying L1 depressive disorder despite its inconsistent findings noninvasive neuroimaging studies have indicated that various behavioral deficits in major depressive disorder are implicated with structural and functional abnormalities in specific BB regions moreover disrupted BB morphological and functional properties may map out the underlying pathways from genetic and environmental factors to the prognosis of depression molecular neuroimaging studies have also provided novel method to probe transmitters and metabolites in brain regions rather than simply measuring brain morphological changes recent advanced neuroimaging approaches eg PR provides great opportunity to probe neuroimaging biomarkers that may contributes to improving diagnostic accuracy and predicting treatment outcomes in this chapter we conclude neuroimaging studies in the research field of depression from psychopathological molecular geneticenvironmental diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives

2|10|39|43|92

light|major|brain|brain|pattern recognition

major depressive disorder mdd or depression is one of the most highly prevalent chronic and recurrent disorders which is associated with a high burden of disease and substantial impairment in social functions both immune molecules and cells have been implicated in the pathophysiology and maintenance of mdd findings in animals and mdd patients have suggested that both pro and antiinflammatory cytokines are activated in the neuroinflammation which contribute to behavioral PS and changes in the course of depression there is a growing body of evidence to support that neuroinflammation is a mediator for the communication among stress response NE neurotransmission neurogenesis and gut microbiota these communications have been known as risk AF in the pathogenesis of mdd in the meantime accumulating evidence has suggested that some interventions targeting the inflammatory processes may play an important role in the treatment of mdd

70|98|111

symptoms|neuroendocrine|factors

enormous efforts for near halfcentury have harvested a plenty of understanding on major depressive disorder mdd although the underlying mechanisms are still elusive the available ADs are far from satisfaction due to longdelay action lda of antidepressant efficacy and low response rates in mdd patients notably discovery of a single lowdose ketamineproducing rapidonset and sustained antidepressant efficacy has inspired new research direction these new studies have revealed ketamines nmdardependent and nmdarindependent mechanisms most of which are well known to be the key bases of synaptic STDP as well as learning and memory in fact animal models of mdd are all based on the principle of learning and SM ie the NC of a SMB for which monoaminergic and glutamatergic systems are the L1 modulators and executors respectively reconsidering mdd as an aberrant form of emotionrelated learning and SM would endow us a clearer research direction for developing new techniques or ways to prevent diagnose and treat mdd

25|85|107|110|113|122|137

antidepressants|plasticity|memory|change|behavior|major|memory

most processes of human body such as brain function are regulated by biological rhythms disturbance of biological rhythms impairs mood SMB cognition sleep and social activity and may lead to mental disorders disturbed rhythms are widely observable in patients with major depressive disorders mdd and make risk of onset comorbidity response of antidepressants recurrence cognition social CF and complications of physical health therefore it is crucial to assess and manage focus on biological rhythms for patients with mdd there are several validated ways of assessing the biological rhythms including h fluctuations in cortisol or melatonin sleep monitoring actigraphy and selfreport scales chronotherapy such as cognitivebehavioral therapy interpersonal and social rhythm therapy sleep ED and bright CS therapy was widely reported for treatment in patients with mdd MA antidepressants and lithium are attributed to regulation of biological rhythm and some rhythmregulated agents have been shown tau of antidepressant considering the crucial clinical significance of disturbed biological rhythms in mdd we describe the mechanisms clinical features measurements and treatments of the biological rhythms in patients with mdd

20|56|112|115|126|144

behavior|function|deprivation|light|monoamine|efficacy

depression is a devastating disorder with a combination of diverse PS such as low selfesteem lack of motivation anhedonia loss of appetite low energy and discomfort without a clear cause depression has been suggested to be the result of maladaptive changes in specific BB circuits recently the lateral habenula lhb has emerged as a key brain region in the pathophysiology of depression increasing evidence from rodent nonhuman primate and human studies indicates that the aberrant activity of the lhb is associated with depressive PS such as helplessness anhedonia and excessive negative focus revealing the molecular cellular and circuit properties of the lhb will help explain how CA in lhb activity are linked to depressive disorders and shed light on developing novel strategies for depression treatment

10|43|83|106

symptoms|brain|symptoms|abnormalities

stress is an AR to environment aversive stimuli and a common life experience of ones daily life chronic or excessive stress especially that happened in early life is found to be deleterious to individuals physical and mental health which is highly related to depressive disorders ON stressful LE are consistently considered to be the highrisk factors of environment for predisposing depressive disorders in linking stressful LE with depressive disorder onset dysregulated hpa axis activity is supposed to play an important role in mediating aversive impacts of life AS on BB structure and function increasing evidence have indicated the strong association of stress especially the chronic stress and early life stress with depressive disorders development while the association of stress with depression is moderated by genetic risk factors including polymorphism of sert bdnf gr fkbp mr and crhr meanwhile stressful life experience particularly early life stress will exert epigenetic modification in these risk genes via dna methylation and mirna regulation to generate longlasting effects on these genes expression which in turn cause BB structural and functional alteration and finally increase the vulnerability to depressive disorders therefore the interaction of environment with gene in which stressful life exposure interplay with genetic risk AF and epigenetic modification is essential in predicting depressive disorders OD as the mediator of environmental risk factors stress will CF together with genetic and epigenetic mechanism to influence brain structure and CF physiology and psychology and finally the vulnerability to depressive disorders

3|45|47|65|87|89|171|200|210|220|232

adaptive response|onset|life events|life events|stress|brain|brain|factors|development|function|function

diagnosis for mdd in modern psychiatry has developed for decades based on long traceable historic efforts on conceptualizing the illness this article reviews the historical background of current diagnostic FR for mdd diagnostic criteria and two newly added specifiers with anxious distress and with mixed features specifiers of mdd in the dsm the most influential diagnostic SF-36 in the world as well as problems and limitations of symptombased diagnosis for sake of better understanding about the interrelationship between diagnostic criteria and mdd

29|56

framework|instrument

the treatment strategies of depressive disorder include pharmacological treatment psychotherapy and PT electroconvulsive therapy ect transcranial magnetic stimulation tms etc the updated canmat guidelines recommended the most secondgeneration antidepressants as firstline treatments for patients with a L1 depressive disorder mdd of moderate or greater severity before antidepressant treatment comprehensive assessment and safety monitoring are necessary the application of measurementbased care in the diagnosis and treatment of depression would better ensure that enough dosage and response of antidepressant is achieved at each key point and the final outcome of disease is improved it is recommended that antidepressant is used with monotherapy in patients with depression ADs of different types and different mechanisms could be combined to improve the efficacy for patients with treatmentresistant depression trd to prevent the relapse and recurrence of disease the longterm treatment comprised of acute treatment consolidation treatment and maintenance treatment must be considered for all patients

11|36|104

physical therapy|major|antidepressants

despite many advances in pharmacotherapy over the past half centurye only a fraction of patients with major depressive disorder mdd can achieve remission after the first or second trial of pharmacotherapy those who failed standard antidepressant treatment are termed as treatmentresistant depression trd pharmacotherapy for trd is more viable over past years in part due to advances in clinical trials such as the sequenced treatment alternatives to relieve depression stard and the us department of veterans affairs augmentation and switching treatments for improving depression outcomes vastd study in GA optimizing pharmacotherapy consists of switching to different agents combination with different antidepressants or augmentation with different class of psychotropic medications and the latter is preferred augmenting agents with strong evidence include BUP lithium triiodothyronine t aripiprazole brexpiprazole quetiapine and olanzapine in combination with fluoxetine many works need to be done to further advance this field these include establish agreement on a standardized systematic and feasible definition of trd establish safety and tolerability beyond acute treatment phase establish individual psychosocial and neurobiological marks such as pharmacogenetic variance and utilize multitreatment modules such as combination of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy in conjunction with brain stimulation therapy such as ECT vagus nerve stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation as well as nontraditional therapy such as nutritional supplements exercise and light therapy

88|120|194

general|bupropion|electroconvulsive therapy

the goal of treatment for depressive disorders is pCR of depressive symptoms with full recovery of social CF and prevention of recurrence however a C1 proportion of patients do not experience symptomatic remission after the initial treatment with even lower rates of remission in the longer treatment term the main objective of individualized treatment applied in psychiatry is to improve precision in disease diagnosis prognosis treatment choices and treatment response diverse approaches and techniques such as genomics epigenomics other omics neural circuit and AI are related to precision psychiatry using biology and computational psychiatry tools to find potential biomarkers and based on precision psychiatry patients considered to belong to the same endophenotype will be possible to receive biomarkersbased treatment and better prognosis especially in the choice of intervention individualized treatment should be considered in this review we present the development of precise treatment in depressive disorders and introduce advances in several domains toward precision medicine and individualized treatment we pay particular attention to biomarkers and the OD of new technologies in depressive disorders which will help disease pCR and PET recovery seek better lives for patients suffered with depressive disorders

8|17|24|83|166|177|179

complete remission|function|large|artificial intelligence|development|complete remission|functional

depression is highly prevalent and causes unnecessary human suffering and economic loss therefore its treatment and prevention are of utmost importance there are several advantages of using psychotherapy either by itself or combined with pharmacological treatment methods in the treatment of depression first it is well known that combining biological treatment with psychosocial methods increases the chances of recovery second in some individuals psychotherapy continues to be the only solution third the use of ADs contains some safety risks and side effects but psychotherapy does not fourth clinically depressive patients prefer psychotherapy to drug therapy use of a depressionfocused psychotherapy CT is recommended as an initial treatment choice for patients with mild to moderate depression with clinical evidence supporting the use of cognitive behavioral therapy cbt interpersonal psychotherapy ipt psychodynamic psychotherapy pdp and problemsolving therapy pst in individual and group formats important developments took place within the past years in the psychotherapy of depression in the present chapter we introduced several key issues such as are all psychotherapies equally effective who benefits from psychotherapies is telepsychotherapy effective finally we introduce the psychotherapy for special populations

74|100

antidepressants|alone

numerous antidepressants are available for the treatment of the L1 depressive disorder mdd unfortunately the disadvantages of these antidepressive medications including inadequate treatment response the therapeutic lag between drug administration and the onset of symptoms alleviation and the safety consideration limit their clinical use and accelerate the exploration of advanced ADs with novel action mechanismsnewer targets with fewer side effects in this chapter a series of compounds showing clinical potent in the treatment of mdd has been reviewed based on their reported results from different phase clinical trials although the majority of these strategies currently only lead to a systematic approach in the aspects of treatment resistant depression some of them would be a routine clinical practice which is usable in the treatment of mdd such as ketamine additionally beyond the mechanism of action for novel therapeutic molecules involving glutamatergic opiate cholinergic receptors and neuroplasticity some supplemental procedures such as PUFA fatty acids were also included in this chapter due to their solid property against mdd

9|50|150

major|antidepressants|polyunsaturated

the aim of this T0 was to evaluate the effect of different nose types on the perception of facial aesthetics following camouflage treatment and orthognathic surgery for skeletal class ii female patients

4

study

it is well known that nitroguanidine nq undergoes photodegradation when exposed to uvradiation however the mechanism of nq photolysis is not fully understood earlier investigations have shown that nitrocompounds undergo to their triplet state population through crossing of electronic singlet and triplet excited state potential energy surfaces due to the nitrogroup rotation and nonplanarity under electronic excitation therefore it is expected that under electronic excitation the presence of nitrogroup in nq would also lead to the population of electronic lowest energy triplet state to shed a light on the Kd of nq in alkaline solution under electronic excitation we performed a detailed investigation of a possible Kd mechanism at the iefpcmblypgdp level in the electronic lowest energy triplet state we found that degradation ability of nq in the electronic triplet state would be significantly larger than in the electronic ground singlet state it was revealed that the photodecomposition of nitroguanidine might occur through several pathways involving nn and cn bond ruptures nitrite elimination and XTT ion attachment nitrogen of nitrogroup would be released in the form of nitrite and nitrogen i oxide computationally predicted intermediates and products of nitroguanidine photolysis such as nitrite hydroxyguanidine cyanamide and urea correspond to experimentally observed species

89|106|164

degradation|degradation|hydroxide

over wide temperature and pressure ranges the molecular dynamics simulation is performed to T0 the mass transfer of six nalkanes from nc

13

study

according to the experiments dntf crystallizes in benzenemethylbenzene benzenemethylbenzeneethanol and symdichloroethane solvents into two similar crystal shapes namely strip and tetrahedral there is a possibility that solvent changes the crystal morphology in order to explain this phenomenon the dntf growth interface MM was constructed according to the actual solution environment the interaction energy between the solvent phase and the dntf crystal face was studied by means of molecular dynamics simulation the crystal morphology of dntf was predicted using the classical modified attachment energy model mae in benzene methylbenzene benzenemethylbenzene benzenemethylbenzeneethanol and symdichloroethane the results show that the dntf growths are mainly dominated by the and formula see text faces in vacuum however only a few faces will remain in the solvents of which the and faces are exposed in BZ methylbenzene and benzenemethylbenzene and only the faces constitute the crystal shape of the dntf in benzenemethylbenzeneethanol and symdichloroethane the predicted results successfully explained the observed phenomena in the experiment the simulation results can provide some guidance for the crystallization process of dntf

41|129

model|benzene