README.md

---
license: mit
datasets:
- laion/laion2B-en
- laion/laion-coco
- laion/laion2B-multi
- kakaobrain/coyo-700m
- conceptual_captions
- wanng/wukong100m
pipeline_tag: visual-question-answering
---

# Model Card for InternVL-Chat-V1-2
<p align="center">
<img src="https://cdn-uploads.huggingface.co/production/uploads/64119264f0f81eb569e0d569/k0tma4PhPFrwJvpS_gVQf.webp" alt="Image Description" width="300" height="300">
</p>

[\[🆕 Blog\]](https://internvl.github.io/blog/)  [\[📜 InternVL 1.0 Paper\]](https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.14238)  [\[📜 InternVL 1.5 Report\]](https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.16821)  [\[🗨️ Chat Demo\]](https://internvl.opengvlab.com/)

[\[🤗 HF Demo\]](https://huggingface.co/spaces/OpenGVLab/InternVL)  [\[🚀 Quick Start\]](#model-usage)  [\[🌐 Community-hosted API\]](https://rapidapi.com/adushar1320/api/internvl-chat)  [\[📖 中文解读\]](https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/675877376)

We are excited to introduce InternVL-Chat-V1-2. Inspired by [LLaVA-NeXT-34B](https://llava-vl.github.io/blog/2024-01-30-llava-next/), we have also adopted [Nous-Hermes-2-Yi-34B](https://huggingface.co/NousResearch/Nous-Hermes-2-Yi-34B) as the language model. Below is the pipeline.

<p align="center">
<img width="600" alt="image" src="https://cdn-uploads.huggingface.co/production/uploads/64119264f0f81eb569e0d569/GIEKCvNc1Y5iMQqLv645p.png">
</p>

From the experimental results, **we've observed that a stronger language model (34B) can better leverage the powerful capabilities of our vision foundation model ([InternViT-6B](https://huggingface.co/OpenGVLab/InternViT-6B-448px-V1-2)).**

For better training reproducibility, we follow the minimalist design and data efficiency similar to LLaVA-NeXT. To reduce training costs, we provide a pre-trained MLP projector and only employ around 1 million visual instruction tuning samples for SFT. Our model has a total of 40 billion parameters and can be trained within 1.5 days using 32 A100 GPUs. The code, data, and model will be made publicly available.

## Model Details
- **Model Type:** multimodal large language model (MLLM)
- **Model Stats:**
  - Architecture: [InternViT-6B-448px-V1-2](https://huggingface.co/OpenGVLab/InternViT-6B-448px-V1-2) + MLP + [Nous-Hermes-2-Yi-34B](https://huggingface.co/NousResearch/Nous-Hermes-2-Yi-34B)
  - Image size: 448 x 448 (256 tokens)
  - Params: 40B

- **Training Strategy:**
  - Pretraining Stage
    - Learnable Component: ViT + MLP
    - Data: Trained on 8192x4800=39.3M samples, including COYO, LAION, CC12M, CC3M, SBU, Wukong, GRIT, Objects365, OpenImages, and OCR-related datasets.
    - Note: In this stage, we load the pretrained weights of [InternViT-6B-448px-V1-2](https://huggingface.co/OpenGVLab/InternViT-6B-448px-V1-2). Moreover, in order to reduce the number of visual tokens, we use a pixel shuffle to reduce 1024 tokens to 256 tokens.
  - Supervised Finetuning Stage
    - Learnable Component: ViT + MLP + LLM
    - Data: A simplified, fully open-source dataset, containing approximately 1.2 million samples.


## Released Models

| Model                                                      | Vision Foundation Model                                                     | Release Date           |Note                                |
| :---------------------------------------------------------:|:--------------------------------------------------------------------------: |:----------------------:| :---------------------------------- |
| InternVL-Chat-V1-5(🤗 [HF link](https://huggingface.co/OpenGVLab/InternVL-Chat-V1-5))            | InternViT-6B-448px-V1-5(🤗 [HF link](https://huggingface.co/OpenGVLab/InternViT-6B-448px-V1-5))    |2024.04.18       |          support 4K image; super strong OCR; Approaching the performance of GPT-4V and Gemini Pro on various benchmarks like MMMU, DocVQA, ChartQA, MathVista, etc. (🔥new)|
| InternVL-Chat-V1-2-Plus(🤗 [HF link](https://huggingface.co/OpenGVLab/InternVL-Chat-V1-2-Plus) ) |InternViT-6B-448px-V1-2(🤗 [HF link](https://huggingface.co/OpenGVLab/InternViT-6B-448px-V1-2))    |2024.02.21     |        more SFT data and stronger  |
| InternVL-Chat-V1-2(🤗 [HF link](https://huggingface.co/OpenGVLab/InternVL-Chat-V1-2) )           |InternViT-6B-448px-V1-2(🤗 [HF link](https://huggingface.co/OpenGVLab/InternViT-6B-448px-V1-2))     |2024.02.11       |             scaling up LLM to 34B       |
| InternVL-Chat-V1-1(🤗 [HF link](https://huggingface.co/OpenGVLab/InternVL-Chat-V1-1))            |InternViT-6B-448px-V1-0(🤗 [HF link](https://huggingface.co/OpenGVLab/InternViT-6B-448px-V1-0))    |2024.01.24         |   support Chinese and stronger OCR   |



## Performance

\* Proprietary Model

| name               | image size | MMMU<br>(val) | MMMU<br>(test) | MathVista<br>(testmini) | MMB<br>(test) | MMB−CN<br>(test) | MMVP | MME      | ScienceQA<br>(image) | POPE | TextVQA<br>(val) | SEEDv1<br>(image) | VizWiz<br>(test) | GQA<br>(test) |
| ------------------ | ---------- | ------------- | -------------- | ----------------------- | ------------- | ---------------- | ---- | -------- | -------------------- | ---- | ---------------- | ----------------- | ---------------- | ------------- |
| GPT−4V\*           | unknown    | 56.8          | 55.7           | 49.9                    | 77.0          | 74.4             | 38.7 | 1409/517 | -                    | -    | 78.0             | 71.6              | -                | -             |
| Gemini Ultra\*     | unknown    | 59.4          | -              | 53.0                    | -             | -                | -    | -        | -                    | -    | 82.3             | -                 | -                | -             |
| Gemini Pro\*       | unknown    | 47.9          | -              | 45.2                    | 73.6          | 74.3             | 40.7 | 1497/437 | -                    | -    | 74.6             | 70.7              | -                | -             |
| Qwen−VL−Plus\*     | unknown    | 45.2          | 40.8           | 43.3                    | 67.0          | 70.7             | -    | 1681/502 | -                    | -    | 78.9             | 65.7              | -                | -             |
| Qwen−VL−Max\*      | unknown    | 51.4          | 46.8           | 51.0                    | 77.6          | 75.7             | -    | -        | -                    | -    | 79.5             | -                 | -                | -             |
|                    |            |               |                |                         |               |                  |      |          |                      |      |                  |                   |                  |               |
| LLaVA−NEXT−34B     | 672x672    | 51.1          | 44.7           | 46.5                    | 79.3          | 79.0             | -    | 1631/397 | 81.8                 | 87.7 | 69.5             | 75.9              | 63.8             | 67.1          |
| InternVL−Chat−V1-2 | 448x448    | 51.6          | 46.2           | 47.7                    | 82.2          | 81.2             | 56.7 | 1687/489 | 83.3                 | 88.0 | 72.5             | 75.6              | 60.0             | 64.0          |

- In most benchmarks, InternVL-Chat-V1-2 achieves better performance than LLaVA-NeXT-34B.
- Update (2024-04-21): We have fixed a bug in the evaluation code, and the TextVQA result has been corrected to 72.5.


## Training Details

### Data Preparation

Inspired by LLaVA-NeXT, we adopted a data-efficient SFT strategy to train InternVL-Chat-V1-2, utilizing approximately 1.2M of visual instruction tuning samples in total, all of which are fully open-source. In a macro sense, we build upon [ShareGPT-4V](https://github.com/InternLM/InternLM-XComposer/blob/main/projects/ShareGPT4V/docs/Data.md#prepare-images) and additionally integrate [LLaVA-ZH](https://huggingface.co/datasets/openbmb/llava_zh), [DVQA](https://github.com/kushalkafle/DVQA_dataset), [ChartQA](https://github.com/vis-nlp/ChartQA), [AI2D](https://allenai.org/data/diagrams), [DocVQA](https://www.docvqa.org/datasets), [GeoQA+](https://github.com/SCNU203/GeoQA-Plus), and [SynthDoG-EN](https://huggingface.co/datasets/naver-clova-ix/synthdog-en). Most of the data remains consistent with LLaVA-NeXT.

For more details about data preparation, please see [here](https://github.com/OpenGVLab/InternVL/tree/main/internvl_chat#prepare-training-datasets).


### Training (Supervised Finetuning)

We provide [slurm scripts](https://github.com/OpenGVLab/InternVL/tree/main/internvl_chat/shell/hermes2_yi34b/internvl_chat_v1_2_hermes2_yi34b_448_finetune.sh) for multi-node multi-GPU training. You can use either 32 or 64 GPUs to train this model. If you use 64 GPUs, training will take approximately 18 hours.

For more details about training, please see [here](https://github.com/OpenGVLab/InternVL/tree/main/internvl_chat#start-training).

The hyperparameters used for finetuning are listed in the following table.

| Hyperparameter     | Trainable Param  | Global Batch Size | Learning rate | Epochs | Max length | Weight decay |
| ------------------ | ---------------- | ----------------- | ------------- | ------ | ---------- | ------------ |
| InternVL−Chat−V1-2 | 40B (full model) | 512               | 1e-5          | 1      | 2048       | 0.05         |




## Model Usage

We provide an example code to run InternVL-Chat-V1-2 using `transformers`.

You also can use our [online demo](https://internvl.opengvlab.com/) for a quick experience of this model.

```python
import torch
from PIL import Image
from transformers import AutoModel, CLIPImageProcessor
from transformers import AutoTokenizer

path = "OpenGVLab/InternVL-Chat-V1-2"
# If you have an 80G A100 GPU, you can put the entire model on a single GPU.
model = AutoModel.from_pretrained(
    path,
    torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16,
    low_cpu_mem_usage=True,
    trust_remote_code=True).eval().cuda()
# Otherwise, you need to set device_map='auto' to use multiple GPUs for inference.
# model = AutoModel.from_pretrained(
#     path,
#     torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16,
#     low_cpu_mem_usage=True,
#     trust_remote_code=True,
#     device_map='auto').eval()

tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(path)
image = Image.open('./examples/image2.jpg').convert('RGB')
image = image.resize((448, 448))
image_processor = CLIPImageProcessor.from_pretrained(path)

pixel_values = image_processor(images=image, return_tensors='pt').pixel_values
pixel_values = pixel_values.to(torch.bfloat16).cuda()

generation_config = dict(
    num_beams=1,
    max_new_tokens=512,
    do_sample=False,
)

# single-round conversation
question = "请详细描述图片"
response = model.chat(tokenizer, pixel_values, question, generation_config)
print(question, response)

# multi-round conversation
question = "请详细描述图片"
response, history = model.chat(tokenizer, pixel_values, question, generation_config, history=None, return_history=True)
print(question, response)

question = "请根据图片写一首诗"
response, history = model.chat(tokenizer, pixel_values, question, generation_config, history=history, return_history=True)
print(question, response)
```

## Citation

If you find this project useful in your research, please consider citing:

```BibTeX
@article{chen2023internvl,
  title={InternVL: Scaling up Vision Foundation Models and Aligning for Generic Visual-Linguistic Tasks},
  author={Chen, Zhe and Wu, Jiannan and Wang, Wenhai and Su, Weijie and Chen, Guo and Xing, Sen and Zhong, Muyan and Zhang, Qinglong and Zhu, Xizhou and Lu, Lewei and Li, Bin and Luo, Ping and Lu, Tong and Qiao, Yu and Dai, Jifeng},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2312.14238},
  year={2023}
}
@article{chen2024far,
  title={How Far Are We to GPT-4V? Closing the Gap to Commercial Multimodal Models with Open-Source Suites},
  author={Chen, Zhe and Wang, Weiyun and Tian, Hao and Ye, Shenglong and Gao, Zhangwei and Cui, Erfei and Tong, Wenwen and Hu, Kongzhi and Luo, Jiapeng and Ma, Zheng and others},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2404.16821},
  year={2024}
}
```

## License

This project is released under the MIT license. Parts of this project contain code and models (e.g., LLaMA2) from other sources, which are subject to their respective licenses.

Llama 2 is licensed under the LLAMA 2 Community License, Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

## Acknowledgement

InternVL is built with reference to the code of the following projects: [OpenAI CLIP](https://github.com/openai/CLIP), [Open CLIP](https://github.com/mlfoundations/open_clip), [CLIP Benchmark](https://github.com/LAION-AI/CLIP_benchmark), [EVA](https://github.com/baaivision/EVA/tree/master), [InternImage](https://github.com/OpenGVLab/InternImage), [ViT-Adapter](https://github.com/czczup/ViT-Adapter), [MMSegmentation](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmsegmentation), [Transformers](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers), [DINOv2](https://github.com/facebookresearch/dinov2), [BLIP-2](https://github.com/salesforce/LAVIS/tree/main/projects/blip2), [Qwen-VL](https://github.com/QwenLM/Qwen-VL/tree/master/eval_mm), and [LLaVA-1.5](https://github.com/haotian-liu/LLaVA). Thanks for their awesome work!

## Contributors
Developed by: Zhe Chen, Weiyun Wang, Wenhai Wang, Erfei Cui, Zhangwei Gao, Xizhou Zhu, Lewei Lu, Tong Lu, Yu Qiao, Jifeng Dai