InternVL-Chat-V1-2

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We are excited to introduce InternVL-Chat-V1-2. Inspired by LLaVA-NeXT-34B, we have also adopted Nous-Hermes-2-Yi-34B as the language model. Below is the pipeline.

From the experimental results, we've observed that a stronger language model (34B) can better leverage the powerful capabilities of our vision foundation model (InternViT-6B).

For better training reproducibility, we follow the minimalist design and data efficiency similar to LLaVA-NeXT. To reduce training costs, we provide a pre-trained MLP projector and only employ around 1 million visual instruction tuning samples for SFT. Our model has a total of 40 billion parameters and can be trained within 1.5 days using 32 A100 GPUs. The code, data, and model will be made publicly available.

Model Details

Model Type: multimodal large language model (MLLM)
Model Stats:
- Architecture: InternViT-6B-448px-V1-2 + MLP + Nous-Hermes-2-Yi-34B
- Image size: 448 x 448 (256 tokens)
- Params: 40B
Training Strategy:
- Pretraining Stage
  - Learnable Component: ViT + MLP
  - Data: Trained on 8192x4800=39.3M samples, including COYO, LAION, CC12M, CC3M, SBU, Wukong, GRIT, Objects365, OpenImages, and OCR-related datasets.
  - Note: In this stage, we load the pretrained weights of InternViT-6B-448px-V1-2. Moreover, in order to reduce the number of visual tokens, we use a pixel shuffle to reduce 1024 tokens to 256 tokens.
- Supervised Finetuning Stage
  - Learnable Component: ViT + MLP + LLM
  - Data: A simplified, fully open-source dataset, containing approximately 1.2 million samples.

Performance

* Proprietary Model

name	image size	MMMU (val)	MMMU (test)	MathVista (testmini)	MMB (test)	MMB−CN (test)	MMVP	MME	ScienceQA (image)	POPE	TextVQA (val)	SEEDv1 (image)	VizWiz (test)	GQA (test)
GPT−4V*	unknown	56.8	55.7	49.9	77.0	74.4	38.7	1409/517	-	-	78.0	71.6	-	-
Gemini Ultra*	unknown	59.4	-	53.0	-	-	-	-	-	-	82.3	-	-	-
Gemini Pro*	unknown	47.9	-	45.2	73.6	74.3	40.7	1497/437	-	-	74.6	70.7	-	-
Qwen−VL−Plus*	unknown	45.2	40.8	43.3	67.0	70.7	-	1681/502	-	-	78.9	65.7	-	-
Qwen−VL−Max*	unknown	51.4	46.8	51.0	77.6	75.7	-	-	-	-	79.5	-	-	-

LLaVA−NEXT−34B	672x672	51.1	44.7	46.5	79.3	79.0	-	1631/397	81.8	87.7	69.5	75.9	63.8	67.1
InternVL−Chat−V1-2	448x448	51.6	46.2	47.7	82.2	81.2	56.7	1687/489	83.3	88.0	72.5	75.6	60.0	64.0

In most benchmarks, InternVL-Chat-V1-2 achieves better performance than LLaVA-NeXT-34B.

Here, we have conducted only a simple performance comparison. For more detailed performance information and additional evaluation metrics, please refer to our performance summary table.

Training Details

Data Preparation

Inspired by LLaVA-NeXT, we adopted a data-efficient SFT strategy to train InternVL-Chat-V1-2, utilizing approximately 1.2M of visual instruction tuning samples in total, all of which are fully open-source. In a macro sense, we build upon ShareGPT-4V and additionally integrate LLaVA-ZH, DVQA, ChartQA, AI2D, DocVQA, GeoQA+, and SynthDoG-EN. Most of the data remains consistent with LLaVA-NeXT.

For more details about data preparation, please see here.

Training (Supervised Finetuning)

We provide slurm scripts for multi-node multi-GPU training. You can use either 32 or 64 GPUs to train this model. If you use 64 GPUs, training will take approximately 18 hours.

For more details about training, please see here.

The hyperparameters used for finetuning are listed in the following table.

Hyperparameter	Trainable Param	Global Batch Size	Learning rate	Epochs	Max length	Weight decay
InternVL−Chat−V1-2	40B (full model)	512	1e-5	1	2048	0.05

Quick Start

We provide an example code to run InternVL-Chat-V1-2 using transformers.

We also welcome you to experience the InternVL2 series models in our online demo.

Please use transformers==4.37.2 to ensure the model works normally.

Model Loading

16-bit (bf16 / fp16)

import torch
from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModel
path = "OpenGVLab/InternVL-Chat-V1-2"
model = AutoModel.from_pretrained(
    path,
    torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16,
    low_cpu_mem_usage=True,
    trust_remote_code=True).eval().cuda()

BNB 8-bit Quantization

import torch
from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModel
path = "OpenGVLab/InternVL-Chat-V1-2"
model = AutoModel.from_pretrained(
    path,
    torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16,
    load_in_8bit=True,
    low_cpu_mem_usage=True,
    trust_remote_code=True).eval()

BNB 4-bit Quantization

⚠️ Warning: Due to significant quantization errors with BNB 4-bit quantization on InternViT-6B, the model may produce nonsensical outputs and fail to understand images. Therefore, please avoid using BNB 4-bit quantization.

Multiple GPUs

The reason for writing the code this way is to avoid errors that occur during multi-GPU inference due to tensors not being on the same device. By ensuring that the first and last layers of the large language model (LLM) are on the same device, we prevent such errors.

import math
import torch
from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModel

def split_model(model_name):
    device_map = {}
    world_size = torch.cuda.device_count()
    num_layers = {'InternVL-Chat-V1-2': 60, 'InternVL-Chat-V1-2-Plus': 60}[model_name]
    # Since the first GPU will be used for ViT, treat it as half a GPU.
    num_layers_per_gpu = math.ceil(num_layers / (world_size - 0.5))
    num_layers_per_gpu = [num_layers_per_gpu] * world_size
    num_layers_per_gpu[0] = math.ceil(num_layers_per_gpu[0] * 0.5)
    layer_cnt = 0
    for i, num_layer in enumerate(num_layers_per_gpu):
        for j in range(num_layer):
            device_map[f'language_model.model.layers.{layer_cnt}'] = i
            layer_cnt += 1
    device_map['vision_model'] = 0
    device_map['mlp1'] = 0
    device_map['language_model.model.tok_embeddings'] = 0
    device_map['language_model.model.embed_tokens'] = 0
    device_map['language_model.output'] = 0
    device_map['language_model.model.norm'] = 0
    device_map['language_model.lm_head'] = 0
    device_map[f'language_model.model.layers.{num_layers - 1}'] = 0

    return device_map

path = "OpenGVLab/InternVL-Chat-V1-2"
device_map = split_model('InternVL-Chat-V1-2')
model = AutoModel.from_pretrained(
    path,
    torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16,
    low_cpu_mem_usage=True,
    trust_remote_code=True,
    device_map=device_map).eval()

Inference with Transformers

Pure-text conversation

from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModel
import torch

path = "OpenGVLab/InternVL-Chat-V1-2"
model = AutoModel.from_pretrained(
    path,
    torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16,
    low_cpu_mem_usage=True,
    trust_remote_code=True).eval().cuda()
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(path, trust_remote_code=True, use_fast=False)

generation_config = dict(max_new_tokens=1024, do_sample=False)
question = 'Hello, who are you?'
response, history = model.chat(tokenizer, None, question, generation_config, history=None, return_history=True)
print(f'User: {question}')
print(f'Assistant: {response}')

question = 'Can you tell me a story?'
response, history = model.chat(tokenizer, None, question, generation_config, history=history, return_history=True)
print(f'User: {question}')
print(f'Assistant: {response}')

Single-image single-round conversation

from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModel, CLIPImageProcessor
from PIL import Image
import torch

path = "OpenGVLab/InternVL-Chat-V1-2"
model = AutoModel.from_pretrained(
    path,
    torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16,
    low_cpu_mem_usage=True,
    trust_remote_code=True).eval().cuda()
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(path, trust_remote_code=True, use_fast=False)

image_processor = CLIPImageProcessor.from_pretrained(path)
image = Image.open('./examples/image2.jpg').resize((448, 448))
pixel_values = image_processor(images=image, return_tensors='pt').pixel_values.to(torch.bfloat16).cuda()

generation_config = dict(max_new_tokens=1024, do_sample=False)
question = '<image>\nPlease describe the image shortly.'
response = model.chat(tokenizer, pixel_values, question, generation_config)
print(f'User: {question}')
print(f'Assistant: {response}')

Single-image multi-round conversation

from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModel, CLIPImageProcessor
from PIL import Image
import torch

path = "OpenGVLab/InternVL-Chat-V1-2"
model = AutoModel.from_pretrained(
    path,
    torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16,
    low_cpu_mem_usage=True,
    trust_remote_code=True).eval().cuda()
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(path, trust_remote_code=True, use_fast=False)

image_processor = CLIPImageProcessor.from_pretrained(path)
image = Image.open('./examples/image2.jpg').resize((448, 448))
pixel_values = image_processor(images=image, return_tensors='pt').pixel_values.to(torch.bfloat16).cuda()

generation_config = dict(max_new_tokens=1024, do_sample=False)
question = '<image>\nPlease describe the image in detail.'
response, history = model.chat(tokenizer, pixel_values, question, generation_config, history=None, return_history=True)
print(f'User: {question}')
print(f'Assistant: {response}')

question = 'Please write a poem according to the image.'
response, history = model.chat(tokenizer, pixel_values, question, generation_config, history=history, return_history=True)
print(f'User: {question}')
print(f'Assistant: {response}')

Multi-image multi-round conversation, combined images

⚠️️ Warning: Please note that for this model, we support multi-image chat in the interface, but the results are not very good due to the lack of training with multi-image data.

from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModel, CLIPImageProcessor
from PIL import Image
import torch

path = "OpenGVLab/InternVL-Chat-V1-2"
model = AutoModel.from_pretrained(
    path,
    torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16,
    low_cpu_mem_usage=True,
    trust_remote_code=True).eval().cuda()
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(path, trust_remote_code=True, use_fast=False)

image_processor = CLIPImageProcessor.from_pretrained(path)
image1 = Image.open('./examples/image1.jpg').resize((448, 448))
pixel_values1 = image_processor(images=image1, return_tensors='pt').pixel_values.to(torch.bfloat16).cuda()
image2 = Image.open('./examples/image2.jpg').resize((448, 448))
pixel_values2 = image_processor(images=image2, return_tensors='pt').pixel_values.to(torch.bfloat16).cuda()
pixel_values = torch.cat((pixel_values1, pixel_values2), dim=0)

generation_config = dict(max_new_tokens=1024, do_sample=False)
question = '<image>\nDescribe the two images in detail.'
response, history = model.chat(tokenizer, pixel_values, question, generation_config,
                               history=None, return_history=True)
print(f'User: {question}')
print(f'Assistant: {response}')

question = 'What are the similarities and differences between these two images.'
response, history = model.chat(tokenizer, pixel_values, question, generation_config,
                               history=history, return_history=True)
print(f'User: {question}')
print(f'Assistant: {response}')

Multi-image multi-round conversation, separate images

⚠️️ Warning: Please note that for this model, we support multi-image chat in the interface, but the results are not very good due to the lack of training with multi-image data.

from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModel, CLIPImageProcessor
from PIL import Image
import torch

path = "OpenGVLab/InternVL-Chat-V1-2"
model = AutoModel.from_pretrained(
    path,
    torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16,
    low_cpu_mem_usage=True,
    trust_remote_code=True).eval().cuda()
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(path, trust_remote_code=True, use_fast=False)

image_processor = CLIPImageProcessor.from_pretrained(path)
image1 = Image.open('./examples/image1.jpg').resize((448, 448))
pixel_values1 = image_processor(images=image1, return_tensors='pt').pixel_values.to(torch.bfloat16).cuda()
image2 = Image.open('./examples/image2.jpg').resize((448, 448))
pixel_values2 = image_processor(images=image2, return_tensors='pt').pixel_values.to(torch.bfloat16).cuda()
pixel_values = torch.cat((pixel_values1, pixel_values2), dim=0)
num_patches_list = [pixel_values1.size(0), pixel_values2.size(0)]

generation_config = dict(max_new_tokens=1024, do_sample=False)
question = 'Image-1: <image>\nImage-2: <image>\nDescribe the two images in detail.'
response, history = model.chat(tokenizer, pixel_values, question, generation_config,
                               num_patches_list=num_patches_list, history=None, return_history=True)
print(f'User: {question}')
print(f'Assistant: {response}')

question = 'What are the similarities and differences between these two images.'
response, history = model.chat(tokenizer, pixel_values, question, generation_config,
                               num_patches_list=num_patches_list, history=history, return_history=True)
print(f'User: {question}')
print(f'Assistant: {response}')

Batch inference, single image per sample

from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModel, CLIPImageProcessor
from PIL import Image
import torch

path = "OpenGVLab/InternVL-Chat-V1-2"
model = AutoModel.from_pretrained(
    path,
    torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16,
    low_cpu_mem_usage=True,
    trust_remote_code=True).eval().cuda()
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(path, trust_remote_code=True, use_fast=False)

image_processor = CLIPImageProcessor.from_pretrained(path)
image1 = Image.open('./examples/image1.jpg').resize((448, 448))
pixel_values1 = image_processor(images=image1, return_tensors='pt').pixel_values.to(torch.bfloat16).cuda()
image2 = Image.open('./examples/image2.jpg').resize((448, 448))
pixel_values2 = image_processor(images=image2, return_tensors='pt').pixel_values.to(torch.bfloat16).cuda()
pixel_values = torch.cat((pixel_values1, pixel_values2), dim=0)
num_patches_list = [pixel_values1.size(0), pixel_values2.size(0)]

generation_config = dict(max_new_tokens=1024, do_sample=False)
questions = ['<image>\nDescribe the image in detail.'] * len(num_patches_list)
responses = model.batch_chat(tokenizer, pixel_values,
                             num_patches_list=num_patches_list,
                             questions=questions,
                             generation_config=generation_config)
for question, response in zip(questions, responses):
    print(f'User: {question}')
    print(f'Assistant: {response}')

Video multi-round conversation

⚠️️ Warning: Please note that for this model, we support video chat in the interface, but the results are not very good due to the lack of training with video data.

from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModel, CLIPImageProcessor
from decord import VideoReader, cpu
from PIL import Image
import numpy as np
import torch


def get_index(bound, fps, max_frame, first_idx=0, num_segments=32):
    if bound:
        start, end = bound[0], bound[1]
    else:
        start, end = -100000, 100000
    start_idx = max(first_idx, round(start * fps))
    end_idx = min(round(end * fps), max_frame)
    seg_size = float(end_idx - start_idx) / num_segments
    frame_indices = np.array([
        int(start_idx + (seg_size / 2) + np.round(seg_size * idx))
        for idx in range(num_segments)
    ])
    return frame_indices

def load_video(video_path, bound=None, num_segments=32):
    vr = VideoReader(video_path, ctx=cpu(0), num_threads=1)
    max_frame = len(vr) - 1
    fps = float(vr.get_avg_fps())

    pixel_values_list, num_patches_list = [], []
    image_processor = CLIPImageProcessor.from_pretrained(path)
    frame_indices = get_index(bound, fps, max_frame, first_idx=0, num_segments=num_segments)
    for frame_index in frame_indices:
        img = Image.fromarray(vr[frame_index].asnumpy()).convert('RGB').resize((448, 448))
        pixel_values = image_processor(images=img, return_tensors='pt').pixel_values
        num_patches_list.append(pixel_values.shape[0])
        pixel_values_list.append(pixel_values)
    pixel_values = torch.cat(pixel_values_list)
    return pixel_values, num_patches_list


path = "OpenGVLab/InternVL-Chat-V1-2"
model = AutoModel.from_pretrained(
    path,
    torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16,
    low_cpu_mem_usage=True,
    trust_remote_code=True).eval().cuda()
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(path, trust_remote_code=True, use_fast=False)

generation_config = dict(max_new_tokens=1024, do_sample=False)

video_path = './examples/red-panda.mp4'
pixel_values, num_patches_list = load_video(video_path, num_segments=8)
pixel_values = pixel_values.to(torch.bfloat16).cuda()
video_prefix = ''.join([f'Frame{i+1}: <image>\n' for i in range(len(num_patches_list))])
question = video_prefix + 'What is the red panda doing?'
# Frame1: <image>\nFrame2: <image>\n...\nFrame8: <image>\n{question}
response, history = model.chat(tokenizer, pixel_values, question, generation_config,
                               num_patches_list=num_patches_list, history=None, return_history=True)
print(f'User: {question}')
print(f'Assistant: {response}')

question = 'Describe this video in detail.'
response, history = model.chat(tokenizer, pixel_values, question, generation_config,
                               num_patches_list=num_patches_list, history=history, return_history=True)
print(f'User: {question}')
print(f'Assistant: {response}')

Streaming output

Besides this method, you can also use the following code to get streamed output.

from transformers import TextIteratorStreamer
from threading import Thread

# Initialize the streamer
streamer = TextIteratorStreamer(tokenizer, skip_prompt=True, skip_special_tokens=True, timeout=10)
# Define the generation configuration
generation_config = dict(max_new_tokens=1024, do_sample=False, streamer=streamer)
# Start the model chat in a separate thread
thread = Thread(target=model.chat, kwargs=dict(
    tokenizer=tokenizer, pixel_values=pixel_values, question=question,
    history=None, return_history=False, generation_config=generation_config,
))
thread.start()

# Initialize an empty string to store the generated text
generated_text = ''
# Loop through the streamer to get the new text as it is generated
for new_text in streamer:
    if new_text == model.conv_template.sep:
        break
    generated_text += new_text
    print(new_text, end='', flush=True)  # Print each new chunk of generated text on the same line

License

This project is released under the MIT license. Parts of this project contain code and models (e.g., LLaMA2) from other sources, which are subject to their respective licenses.

Citation

If you find this project useful in your research, please consider citing:

@article{chen2023internvl,
  title={InternVL: Scaling up Vision Foundation Models and Aligning for Generic Visual-Linguistic Tasks},
  author={Chen, Zhe and Wu, Jiannan and Wang, Wenhai and Su, Weijie and Chen, Guo and Xing, Sen and Zhong, Muyan and Zhang, Qinglong and Zhu, Xizhou and Lu, Lewei and Li, Bin and Luo, Ping and Lu, Tong and Qiao, Yu and Dai, Jifeng},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2312.14238},
  year={2023}
}
@article{chen2024far,
  title={How Far Are We to GPT-4V? Closing the Gap to Commercial Multimodal Models with Open-Source Suites},
  author={Chen, Zhe and Wang, Weiyun and Tian, Hao and Ye, Shenglong and Gao, Zhangwei and Cui, Erfei and Tong, Wenwen and Hu, Kongzhi and Luo, Jiapeng and Ma, Zheng and others},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2404.16821},
  year={2024}
}

OpenGVLab
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InternVL-Chat-V1-2