LICENSE

GPT-SW3 license
This is a license (the “License”) between you (“You”) and Lindholmen Science Park (“Licensor”). Lindholmen Science Park has, through AI Sweden, led a collaborative initiative together with RISE and the WASP WARA for Media and Language to train a Large Language Model (“LLM”) for Swedish. The model is called GPT-SW3 (“Model”). These licensing conditions have been defined for the access and distribution of the Model. This has been done to further AI Sweden’s aims of promoting not just open access to its artifacts, but also a responsible use of these artifacts. Therefore, this modified Responsible AI License (RAIL) [1] aims at having an open and permissive character while striving for responsible use of the Model.

Section I: PREAMBLE

The NLU research group at AI Sweden is a research initiative aimed at the responsible development and use of large multilingual datasets and LLMs, as well as the documentation of best practices and tools stemming from this effort. Further, the NLU research group at AI Sweden wishes to promote collaboration and sharing of research artifacts - including the Model - for the benefit of society, pursuant to this License.

The development and use of LLMs, and broadly artificial intelligence (“AI”), does not come without concerns. The world has witnessed how just a few companies/institutions are able to develop LLMs, and moreover, how Natural Language Processing techniques might, in some instances, become a risk for the public in general. Concerns might come in many forms, from racial discrimination to the treatment of sensitive information. 

AI Sweden believes in the intersection between open and responsible AI development; thus, this License aims to strike a balance between both enabling responsible open science for LLMs and future NLP techniques. This License is a derivative of the BLOOM BigScience RAIL license and governs the use of the Model (and their derivatives). In addition to this License, the model card for GPT-SW3 will inform the user about the limitations of the Model, and thus serves as the basis of some of the use-based restrictions in this License (See Appendix A).

You have expressed interest in contributing to the development and use of LLM and confirmed that You are ready to provide feedback on the usage and performance of the Model or Derivatives of the Model.

NOW THEREFORE, You and Licensor agree as follows:

1. Definitions 

(a) "License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction, and Distribution as defined in this document.

(b) “Data” means a collection of texts compiled by the NLU group at AI Sweden used with the Model, including to train, pretrain, or otherwise evaluate the Model. The Data is not licensed under this License. The Data is a collection of existing sources of language data documented on the GPT-SW3 data sheet.

(c) “Output” means the results of operating a Model as embodied in informational content resulting therefrom.

(d) “Model” means any accompanying machine-learning based assemblies (including checkpoints), consisting of learnt weights, parameters (including optimizer states), corresponding to the GPT-SW3 model architecture as embodied in the Complementary Material, that have been trained or tuned, in whole or in part, on the Data using the Complementary Material. 

(e) “Derivatives of the Model” means all modifications to the Model, works based on the Model, or any other model which is created or initialized by transfer of patterns of the weights, parameters, activations or output of the Model, to the other model, in order to cause the other model to perform similarly to the Model, including - but not limited to - distillation methods entailing the use of intermediate data representations or methods based on the generation of synthetic data by the Model for training the other model.

(f) “Complementary Material” shall mean the accompanying source code and scripts used to define, run, load, benchmark or evaluate the Model, and used to prepare data for training or evaluation. This includes any accompanying documentation, tutorials, examples etc.

(g) “Distribution” means any transmission, reproduction, publication or other sharing of the Model or Derivatives of the Model to a third party, including providing the Model as a hosted service made available by electronic or other remote means - e.g., API-based or web access. 

(h) “Licensor” means the Intellectual property owner or creator, or entity authorized by the Intellectual property owner or creator that is granting the License, including the persons or entities that may have rights in the Model and/or distributing the Model.

(i) "You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity exercising permissions granted by this License and/or making use of the Model for whichever purpose and in any field of use, including usage of the Model in an end-use application - e.g., chatbot, translator.

(j) “Third Parties” means individuals or legal entities that are not under common control with Licensor or You.

(k) "Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, inventorship and registration including the original version of the Model and any modifications or additions to that Model or Derivatives of the Model thereof, that is intentionally submitted to Licensor for inclusion in the Model by the Intellectual property owner or creator or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of the Intellectual property owner or creator. For the purposes of this definition, “submitted” means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems, and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the Licensor for the purpose of discussing and improving the Model, but excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution."
 
(l) "Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by Licensor and subsequently incorporated within the Model.

(m) “Intellectual property owner or creator” shall mean an individual or Legal Entity who has a legal claim to an intellectual property necessary for the use of the Model.

Section II: INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS

Both copyright and patent grants and applications apply to the Model, Derivatives of the Model and Complementary Material. The Model and Derivatives of the Model are subject to additional terms as described in Section III.

2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable copyright license to reproduce, prepare, publicly display, publicly and perform the Complementary Material, the Model, and Derivatives of the Model.

3. Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable (except as stated in this paragraph) patent license to make, have made, use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Model and the Complementary Material, where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable by such Contributor that are necessarily infringed by their Contribution(s) alone or by combination of their Contribution(s) with the Model to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If You institute patent litigation against any entity (including a crossclaim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Model and/or Complementary Material or a Contribution incorporated within the Model and/or Complementary Material constitutes direct or contributory patent infringement, then any licenses granted to You under this License for the Model and/or Work shall terminate as of the date such litigation is filed.

Section III: CONDITIONS OF USAGE, DISTRIBUTION AND REDISTRIBUTION

4. Distribution and Redistribution. You may host for Third Party remote access purposes (e.g., software-as-a-service), reproduce and distribute copies of the Model or Derivatives of the Model thereof in any medium, with or without modifications, provided that You follow the Access Policy set out in Appendix B and meet the following conditions:

a. Use-based restrictions as referenced in paragraph 5 MUST be included as an enforceable provision by You in any type of legal agreement (e.g., a license) governing the use of the Model or Derivatives of the Model. This provision does not apply to the use of Complementary Material.
b. You make sure any Third Party accessing (e.g., through software-as-a-service) the Model or Derivatives of the Model agrees to this License, and You are also obligated to provide the Third Party with their own copy of the License. In addition, You need to collect and administrate necessary information about the fulfilment of these obligations.
c. You shall report to Licensor any Third Parties accessing the Model under this license, e.g., through Your distribution
d. You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices stating that You changed the files. 
e. You must retain all copyright, patent, trademark, and attribution notices excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of the Model, Derivatives of the Model.

You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and may provide additional or different license terms and conditions - respecting paragraph 4a. - for use of Your modifications, or for any such Derivatives of the Model as a whole, provided Your use of the Model otherwise complies with the conditions stated in this License.

5. Use-based restrictions. The restrictions set forth in Appendix A are considered Use-based restrictions. Therefore, You cannot use the Model and the Derivatives of the Model for the specified restricted uses. You may use the Model subject to this License, including only for lawful purposes and in accordance with the License. Use may include creating any content with, fine tuning, updating, running, training, evaluating and/or reparametrizing the Model. You shall require all Your users who use the Model or a Derivative of the Model to comply with the terms of this paragraph (paragraph 5). 

6. The Output You Generate. Except as set forth herein, Licensor claims no rights in the Output You generate using the Model. You are accountable for the Output you generate and its subsequent uses. No use of the output can contravene any provision as stated in the License. 

Section IV: OTHER PROVISIONS

7. You must give the Licensor feedback on the usage and performance of the Model or Derivatives of the Model. Preferably feedback is given through Hugging Face community function or through the feedback form provided by AI Sweden from time to time. Any feed-back given by You on forums or otherwise in the public domain the Licensor has the right to use.  

8. Updates and Runtime Restrictions. To the maximum extent permitted by law, Licensor reserves the right to restrict (remotely or otherwise) usage of the Model in violation of this License, update the Model through electronic means, or modify the Output of the Model based on updates. You shall undertake reasonable efforts to use the latest version of the Model.

9. Trademarks and related. Nothing in this License permits You to make use of Licensors’ trademarks, trade names, logos or to otherwise suggest endorsement or misrepresent the relationship between the parties; and any rights not expressly granted herein are reserved by the Licensors.

10. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Model and the Complementary Material (and each Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the appropriateness of using or redistributing the Model, Derivatives of the Model, and the Complementary Material and assume any risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.

11. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory, whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise, unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the Model and the Complementary Material (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill, work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor has been advised of the possibility of such damages.

12. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While providing Third Party remote access (e.g. software-as-a-service) to the Model, Derivatives of the Model and the Complementary Material thereof, You may choose to offer, and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity, or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify, defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.

13. The Model is not intended for use which could create obligations under HIPAA, and the Licensor makes no representations that the Model satisfies HIPAA requirements. If You are (or becomes) a Covered Entity or Business Associate, as defined in HIPAA, You cannot use the Model for any purpose or in any manner involving Protected Health Information (as defined in HIPAA)

14. You agree that You shall comply with all applicable export control laws of various countries, including without limit the laws of the United States and Sweden, if any, involving any commodities, software, services, or technology within the scope of this Agreement.

15. If any provision of this License is held to be invalid, illegal, or unenforceable, the remaining provisions shall be unaffected thereby and remain valid as if such provision had not been set forth herein.

16. The terms of this License can be changed by the Licensor from time to time. Any such change will take effect 30 days after it has been published on the Licensors website or the website from where the Model is accessible. If You do not want to agree to the changes set out in the new license You must cease to use the Model in all its forms and erase it from all systems.

END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS

Appendix A

Use Restrictions
You agree not to use the Model or Derivatives of the Model:
1. In any way that violates any applicable national, federal, state, local or international law or regulation.
2. For the purpose of exploiting, harming or attempting to exploit or harm minors in any way.
3. To generate or disseminate verifiably false information with the purpose of harming others.
4. To generate or disseminate personal identifiable information that can be used to harm an individual.
5. To generate or disseminate information or content, in any context (e.g., posts, articles, tweets, chatbots or other kinds of automated bots) without expressly and intelligibly disclaiming that the text is machine generated. 
6. To defame, disparage or otherwise harass others.
7. To impersonate or attempt to impersonate others.
8. For fully automated decision making that adversely impacts an individual’s legal rights or otherwise creates or modifies a binding, enforceable obligation.
9. For any use intended to or which has the effect of discriminating against or harming individuals or groups based on online or offline social behaviour or known or predicted personal or personality characteristics
10. To exploit any of the vulnerabilities of a specific group of persons based on their age, social, physical, or mental characteristics, in order to materially distort the behaviour of a person pertaining to that group in a manner that causes or is likely to cause that person or another person physical or psychological harm.
11. For any use intended to or which has the effect of discriminating against individuals or groups based on legally protected characteristics or categories.
12. To provide medical advice and medical results interpretation. 
13. To generate or disseminate information for the purpose to be used for administration of justice, law enforcement, immigration, or asylum processes, such as predicting an individual will commit fraud/crime commitment (e.g., by text profiling, drawing causal relationships between assertions made in documents, indiscriminate and arbitrarily targeted use).


Appendix B

Access policy
To be eligible to download the model weights and access the model on Hugging Face, You must
* be affiliated with a Nordic company, university, or public sector organization with potential of testing, evaluating, and utilizing large language models.
* provide an email address at this affiliation where the Licensor can contact You.
* briefly describe possible use-cases or research questions You want to explore.
* If you apply as an individual, provide a reference to one of Your recent works (scientific article, code, product, blog etc.).
* provide Your Hugging Face user name so that Licensor can add you to the private AI Sweden repository on Hugging Face.
* agree to sharing feedback transparently and broadly with the NLP community (e.g. through the Hugging Face community function, the AI Nordics Discord server, Feedback surveys that AI Sweden sends out, at AI Sweden events and seminars).
* agree to the usage license ("the License")
 
Licensor will review if your application fulfils all conditions and if you provide reasonable information on the above-mentioned points in your application to be eligible to access. If You do not fulfil one or more of the above-mentioned conditions, Licensor has the right to deny or grant You access case by case.



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[1] https://arxiv.org/pdf/2011.03116.pdf