language:
- en
license: cc-by-nc-4.0
base_model:
- upstage/SOLAR-10.7B-v1.0
datasets:
- c-s-ale/alpaca-gpt4-data
- Open-Orca/OpenOrca
- Intel/orca_dpo_pairs
- allenai/ultrafeedback_binarized_cleaned
model-index:
- name: SOLAR-10.7B-Instruct-v1.0
results:
- task:
type: text-generation
name: Text Generation
dataset:
name: AI2 Reasoning Challenge (25-Shot)
type: ai2_arc
config: ARC-Challenge
split: test
args:
num_few_shot: 25
metrics:
- type: acc_norm
value: 71.08
name: normalized accuracy
source:
url: >-
https://huggingface.co/spaces/HuggingFaceH4/open_llm_leaderboard?query=upstage/SOLAR-10.7B-Instruct-v1.0
name: Open LLM Leaderboard
- task:
type: text-generation
name: Text Generation
dataset:
name: HellaSwag (10-Shot)
type: hellaswag
split: validation
args:
num_few_shot: 10
metrics:
- type: acc_norm
value: 88.16
name: normalized accuracy
source:
url: >-
https://huggingface.co/spaces/HuggingFaceH4/open_llm_leaderboard?query=upstage/SOLAR-10.7B-Instruct-v1.0
name: Open LLM Leaderboard
- task:
type: text-generation
name: Text Generation
dataset:
name: MMLU (5-Shot)
type: cais/mmlu
config: all
split: test
args:
num_few_shot: 5
metrics:
- type: acc
value: 66.21
name: accuracy
source:
url: >-
https://huggingface.co/spaces/HuggingFaceH4/open_llm_leaderboard?query=upstage/SOLAR-10.7B-Instruct-v1.0
name: Open LLM Leaderboard
- task:
type: text-generation
name: Text Generation
dataset:
name: TruthfulQA (0-shot)
type: truthful_qa
config: multiple_choice
split: validation
args:
num_few_shot: 0
metrics:
- type: mc2
value: 71.43
source:
url: >-
https://huggingface.co/spaces/HuggingFaceH4/open_llm_leaderboard?query=upstage/SOLAR-10.7B-Instruct-v1.0
name: Open LLM Leaderboard
- task:
type: text-generation
name: Text Generation
dataset:
name: Winogrande (5-shot)
type: winogrande
config: winogrande_xl
split: validation
args:
num_few_shot: 5
metrics:
- type: acc
value: 83.58
name: accuracy
source:
url: >-
https://huggingface.co/spaces/HuggingFaceH4/open_llm_leaderboard?query=upstage/SOLAR-10.7B-Instruct-v1.0
name: Open LLM Leaderboard
- task:
type: text-generation
name: Text Generation
dataset:
name: GSM8k (5-shot)
type: gsm8k
config: main
split: test
args:
num_few_shot: 5
metrics:
- type: acc
value: 64.75
name: accuracy
source:
url: >-
https://huggingface.co/spaces/HuggingFaceH4/open_llm_leaderboard?query=upstage/SOLAR-10.7B-Instruct-v1.0
name: Open LLM Leaderboard
Meet 10.7B Solar: Elevating Performance with Upstage Depth UP Scaling!
(This model is upstage/SOLAR-10.7B-v1.0 fine-tuned version for single-turn conversation.)
Introduction
We introduce SOLAR-10.7B, an advanced large language model (LLM) with 10.7 billion parameters, demonstrating superior performance in various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. It's compact, yet remarkably powerful, and demonstrates unparalleled state-of-the-art performance in models with parameters under 30B.
We present a methodology for scaling LLMs called depth up-scaling (DUS) , which encompasses architectural modifications and continued pretraining. In other words, we integrated Mistral 7B weights into the upscaled layers, and finally, continued pre-training for the entire model.
SOLAR-10.7B has remarkable performance. It outperforms models with up to 30B parameters, even surpassing the recent Mixtral 8X7B model. For detailed information, please refer to the experimental table. Solar 10.7B is an ideal choice for fine-tuning. SOLAR-10.7B offers robustness and adaptability for your fine-tuning needs. Our simple instruction fine-tuning using the SOLAR-10.7B pre-trained model yields significant performance improvements.
For full details of this model please read our paper.
Instruction Fine-Tuning Strategy
We utilize state-of-the-art instruction fine-tuning methods including supervised fine-tuning (SFT) and direct preference optimization (DPO) [1].
We used a mixture of the following datasets
- c-s-ale/alpaca-gpt4-data (SFT)
- Open-Orca/OpenOrca (SFT)
- in-house generated data utilizing Metamath [2] (SFT, DPO)
- Intel/orca_dpo_pairs (DPO)
- allenai/ultrafeedback_binarized_cleaned (DPO)
where we were careful of data contamination by not using GSM8K samples when generating data and filtering tasks when applicable via the following list.
filtering_task_list = [
'task228_arc_answer_generation_easy',
'ai2_arc/ARC-Challenge:1.0.0',
'ai2_arc/ARC-Easy:1.0.0',
'task229_arc_answer_generation_hard',
'hellaswag:1.1.0',
'task1389_hellaswag_completion',
'cot_gsm8k',
'cot_gsm8k_ii',
'drop:2.0.0',
'winogrande:1.1.0'
]
Using the datasets mentioned above, we applied SFT and iterative DPO training, a proprietary alignment strategy, to maximize the performance of our resulting model.
[1] Rafailov, R., Sharma, A., Mitchell, E., Ermon, S., Manning, C.D. and Finn, C., 2023. Direct preference optimization: Your language model is secretly a reward model. NeurIPS.
[2] Yu, L., Jiang, W., Shi, H., Yu, J., Liu, Z., Zhang, Y., Kwok, J.T., Li, Z., Weller, A. and Liu, W., 2023. Metamath: Bootstrap your own mathematical questions for large language models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2309.12284.
Data Contamination Test Results
Recently, there have been contamination issues in some models on the LLM leaderboard. We note that we made every effort to exclude any benchmark-related datasets from training. We also ensured the integrity of our model by conducting a data contamination test [3] that is also used by the HuggingFace team [4, 5].
Our results, with result < 0.1, %: being well below 0.9, indicate that our model is free from contamination.
The data contamination test results of HellaSwag and Winograde will be added once [3] supports them.
| Model | ARC | MMLU | TruthfulQA | GSM8K |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SOLAR-10.7B-Instruct-v1.0 | result < 0.1, %: 0.06 | result < 0.1, %: 0.15 | result < 0.1, %: 0.28 | result < 0.1, %: 0.70 |
[3] https://github.com/swj0419/detect-pretrain-code-contamination
Evaluation Results
| Model | H6 | Model Size |
|---|---|---|
| SOLAR-10.7B-Instruct-v1.0 | 74.20 | ~ 11B |
| mistralai/Mixtral-8x7B-Instruct-v0.1 | 72.62 | ~ 46.7B |
| 01-ai/Yi-34B-200K | 70.81 | ~ 34B |
| 01-ai/Yi-34B | 69.42 | ~ 34B |
| mistralai/Mixtral-8x7B-v0.1 | 68.42 | ~ 46.7B |
| meta-llama/Llama-2-70b-hf | 67.87 | ~ 70B |
| tiiuae/falcon-180B | 67.85 | ~ 180B |
| SOLAR-10.7B-v1.0 | 66.04 | ~11B |
| mistralai/Mistral-7B-Instruct-v0.2 | 65.71 | ~ 7B |
| Qwen/Qwen-14B | 65.86 | ~ 14B |
| 01-ai/Yi-34B-Chat | 65.32 | ~34B |
| meta-llama/Llama-2-70b-chat-hf | 62.4 | ~ 70B |
| mistralai/Mistral-7B-v0.1 | 60.97 | ~ 7B |
| mistralai/Mistral-7B-Instruct-v0.1 | 54.96 | ~ 7B |
Usage Instructions
This model has been fine-tuned primarily for single-turn conversation, making it less suitable for multi-turn conversations such as chat.
Version
Make sure you have the correct version of the transformers library installed:
pip install transformers==4.35.2
Loading the Model
Use the following Python code to load the model:
import torch
from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("Upstage/SOLAR-10.7B-Instruct-v1.0")
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
"Upstage/SOLAR-10.7B-Instruct-v1.0",
device_map="auto",
torch_dtype=torch.float16,
)
Conducting Single-Turn Conversation
conversation = [ {'role': 'user', 'content': 'Hello?'} ]
prompt = tokenizer.apply_chat_template(conversation, tokenize=False, add_generation_prompt=True)
inputs = tokenizer(prompt, return_tensors="pt").to(model.device)
outputs = model.generate(**inputs, use_cache=True, max_length=4096)
output_text = tokenizer.decode(outputs[0])
print(output_text)
Below is an example of the output.
<s> ### User:
Hello?
### Assistant:
Hello, how can I assist you today? Please feel free to ask any questions or request help with a specific task.</s>
License
- upstage/SOLAR-10.7B-v1.0: apache-2.0
- upstage/SOLAR-10.7B-Instruct-v1.0: cc-by-nc-4.0
- Since some non-commercial datasets such as Alpaca are used for fine-tuning, we release this model as cc-by-nc-4.0.
How to Cite
Please cite this model using this format.
@misc{kim2023solar,
title={SOLAR 10.7B: Scaling Large Language Models with Simple yet Effective Depth Up-Scaling},
author={Dahyun Kim and Chanjun Park and Sanghoon Kim and Wonsung Lee and Wonho Song and Yunsu Kim and Hyeonwoo Kim and Yungi Kim and Hyeonju Lee and Jihoo Kim and Changbae Ahn and Seonghoon Yang and Sukyung Lee and Hyunbyung Park and Gyoungjin Gim and Mikyoung Cha and Hwalsuk Lee and Sunghun Kim},
year={2023},
eprint={2312.15166},
archivePrefix={arXiv},
primaryClass={cs.CL}
}
The Upstage AI Team
Upstage is creating the best LLM and DocAI. Please find more information at https://upstage.ai
Contact Us
Any questions and suggestions, please use the discussion tab. If you want to contact us directly, drop an email to contact@upstage.ai
Open LLM Leaderboard Evaluation Results
Detailed results can be found here
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Avg. | 74.20 |
| AI2 Reasoning Challenge (25-Shot) | 71.08 |
| HellaSwag (10-Shot) | 88.16 |
| MMLU (5-Shot) | 66.21 |
| TruthfulQA (0-shot) | 71.43 |
| Winogrande (5-shot) | 83.58 |
| GSM8k (5-shot) | 64.75 |