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#
# The Python Imaging Library.
# $Id$
#
# im.show() drivers
#
# History:
# 2008-04-06 fl Created
#
# Copyright (c) Secret Labs AB 2008.
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
import os
import shutil
import subprocess
import sys
from shlex import quote
from PIL import Image
from ._deprecate import deprecate
_viewers = []
def register(viewer, order=1):
"""
The :py:func:`register` function is used to register additional viewers::
from PIL import ImageShow
ImageShow.register(MyViewer()) # MyViewer will be used as a last resort
ImageShow.register(MySecondViewer(), 0) # MySecondViewer will be prioritised
ImageShow.register(ImageShow.XVViewer(), 0) # XVViewer will be prioritised
:param viewer: The viewer to be registered.
:param order:
Zero or a negative integer to prepend this viewer to the list,
a positive integer to append it.
"""
try:
if issubclass(viewer, Viewer):
viewer = viewer()
except TypeError:
pass # raised if viewer wasn't a class
if order > 0:
_viewers.append(viewer)
else:
_viewers.insert(0, viewer)
def show(image, title=None, **options):
r"""
Display a given image.
:param image: An image object.
:param title: Optional title. Not all viewers can display the title.
:param \**options: Additional viewer options.
:returns: ``True`` if a suitable viewer was found, ``False`` otherwise.
"""
for viewer in _viewers:
if viewer.show(image, title=title, **options):
return True
return False
class Viewer:
"""Base class for viewers."""
# main api
def show(self, image, **options):
"""
The main function for displaying an image.
Converts the given image to the target format and displays it.
"""
if not (
image.mode in ("1", "RGBA")
or (self.format == "PNG" and image.mode in ("I;16", "LA"))
):
base = Image.getmodebase(image.mode)
if image.mode != base:
image = image.convert(base)
return self.show_image(image, **options)
# hook methods
format = None
"""The format to convert the image into."""
options = {}
"""Additional options used to convert the image."""
def get_format(self, image):
"""Return format name, or ``None`` to save as PGM/PPM."""
return self.format
def get_command(self, file, **options):
"""
Returns the command used to display the file.
Not implemented in the base class.
"""
raise NotImplementedError
def save_image(self, image):
"""Save to temporary file and return filename."""
return image._dump(format=self.get_format(image), **self.options)
def show_image(self, image, **options):
"""Display the given image."""
return self.show_file(self.save_image(image), **options)
def show_file(self, path=None, **options):
"""
Display given file.
Before Pillow 9.1.0, the first argument was ``file``. This is now deprecated,
and will be removed in Pillow 10.0.0 (2023-07-01). ``path`` should be used
instead.
"""
if path is None:
if "file" in options:
deprecate("The 'file' argument", 10, "'path'")
path = options.pop("file")
else:
msg = "Missing required argument: 'path'"
raise TypeError(msg)
os.system(self.get_command(path, **options)) # nosec
return 1
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
class WindowsViewer(Viewer):
"""The default viewer on Windows is the default system application for PNG files."""
format = "PNG"
options = {"compress_level": 1, "save_all": True}
def get_command(self, file, **options):
return (
f'start "Pillow" /WAIT "{file}" '
"&& ping -n 4 127.0.0.1 >NUL "
f'&& del /f "{file}"'
)
if sys.platform == "win32":
register(WindowsViewer)
class MacViewer(Viewer):
"""The default viewer on macOS using ``Preview.app``."""
format = "PNG"
options = {"compress_level": 1, "save_all": True}
def get_command(self, file, **options):
# on darwin open returns immediately resulting in the temp
# file removal while app is opening
command = "open -a Preview.app"
command = f"({command} {quote(file)}; sleep 20; rm -f {quote(file)})&"
return command
def show_file(self, path=None, **options):
"""
Display given file.
Before Pillow 9.1.0, the first argument was ``file``. This is now deprecated,
and will be removed in Pillow 10.0.0 (2023-07-01). ``path`` should be used
instead.
"""
if path is None:
if "file" in options:
deprecate("The 'file' argument", 10, "'path'")
path = options.pop("file")
else:
msg = "Missing required argument: 'path'"
raise TypeError(msg)
subprocess.call(["open", "-a", "Preview.app", path])
executable = sys.executable or shutil.which("python3")
if executable:
subprocess.Popen(
[
executable,
"-c",
"import os, sys, time; time.sleep(20); os.remove(sys.argv[1])",
path,
]
)
return 1
if sys.platform == "darwin":
register(MacViewer)
class UnixViewer(Viewer):
format = "PNG"
options = {"compress_level": 1, "save_all": True}
def get_command(self, file, **options):
command = self.get_command_ex(file, **options)[0]
return f"({command} {quote(file)}"
class XDGViewer(UnixViewer):
"""
The freedesktop.org ``xdg-open`` command.
"""
def get_command_ex(self, file, **options):
command = executable = "xdg-open"
return command, executable
def show_file(self, path=None, **options):
"""
Display given file.
Before Pillow 9.1.0, the first argument was ``file``. This is now deprecated,
and will be removed in Pillow 10.0.0 (2023-07-01). ``path`` should be used
instead.
"""
if path is None:
if "file" in options:
deprecate("The 'file' argument", 10, "'path'")
path = options.pop("file")
else:
msg = "Missing required argument: 'path'"
raise TypeError(msg)
subprocess.Popen(["xdg-open", path])
return 1
class DisplayViewer(UnixViewer):
"""
The ImageMagick ``display`` command.
This viewer supports the ``title`` parameter.
"""
def get_command_ex(self, file, title=None, **options):
command = executable = "display"
if title:
command += f" -title {quote(title)}"
return command, executable
def show_file(self, path=None, **options):
"""
Display given file.
Before Pillow 9.1.0, the first argument was ``file``. This is now deprecated,
and ``path`` should be used instead.
"""
if path is None:
if "file" in options:
deprecate("The 'file' argument", 10, "'path'")
path = options.pop("file")
else:
msg = "Missing required argument: 'path'"
raise TypeError(msg)
args = ["display"]
title = options.get("title")
if title:
args += ["-title", title]
args.append(path)
subprocess.Popen(args)
return 1
class GmDisplayViewer(UnixViewer):
"""The GraphicsMagick ``gm display`` command."""
def get_command_ex(self, file, **options):
executable = "gm"
command = "gm display"
return command, executable
def show_file(self, path=None, **options):
"""
Display given file.
Before Pillow 9.1.0, the first argument was ``file``. This is now deprecated,
and ``path`` should be used instead.
"""
if path is None:
if "file" in options:
deprecate("The 'file' argument", 10, "'path'")
path = options.pop("file")
else:
msg = "Missing required argument: 'path'"
raise TypeError(msg)
subprocess.Popen(["gm", "display", path])
return 1
class EogViewer(UnixViewer):
"""The GNOME Image Viewer ``eog`` command."""
def get_command_ex(self, file, **options):
executable = "eog"
command = "eog -n"
return command, executable
def show_file(self, path=None, **options):
"""
Display given file.
Before Pillow 9.1.0, the first argument was ``file``. This is now deprecated,
and ``path`` should be used instead.
"""
if path is None:
if "file" in options:
deprecate("The 'file' argument", 10, "'path'")
path = options.pop("file")
else:
msg = "Missing required argument: 'path'"
raise TypeError(msg)
subprocess.Popen(["eog", "-n", path])
return 1
class XVViewer(UnixViewer):
"""
The X Viewer ``xv`` command.
This viewer supports the ``title`` parameter.
"""
def get_command_ex(self, file, title=None, **options):
# note: xv is pretty outdated. most modern systems have
# imagemagick's display command instead.
command = executable = "xv"
if title:
command += f" -name {quote(title)}"
return command, executable
def show_file(self, path=None, **options):
"""
Display given file.
Before Pillow 9.1.0, the first argument was ``file``. This is now deprecated,
and ``path`` should be used instead.
"""
if path is None:
if "file" in options:
deprecate("The 'file' argument", 10, "'path'")
path = options.pop("file")
else:
msg = "Missing required argument: 'path'"
raise TypeError(msg)
args = ["xv"]
title = options.get("title")
if title:
args += ["-name", title]
args.append(path)
subprocess.Popen(args)
return 1
if sys.platform not in ("win32", "darwin"): # unixoids
if shutil.which("xdg-open"):
register(XDGViewer)
if shutil.which("display"):
register(DisplayViewer)
if shutil.which("gm"):
register(GmDisplayViewer)
if shutil.which("eog"):
register(EogViewer)
if shutil.which("xv"):
register(XVViewer)
class IPythonViewer(Viewer):
"""The viewer for IPython frontends."""
def show_image(self, image, **options):
ipython_display(image)
return 1
try:
from IPython.display import display as ipython_display
except ImportError:
pass
else:
register(IPythonViewer)
if __name__ == "__main__":
if len(sys.argv) < 2:
print("Syntax: python3 ImageShow.py imagefile [title]")
sys.exit()
with Image.open(sys.argv[1]) as im:
print(show(im, *sys.argv[2:]))
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