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# Model Card for Model ID
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<!-- Provide a longer summary of what this model is. -->
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This is the model card of a 🤗 transformers model that has been pushed on the Hub. This model card has been automatically generated.
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- **Developed by:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Funded by [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Shared by [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Model type:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Language(s) (NLP):** [More Information Needed]
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- **License:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Finetuned from model [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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### Model Sources [optional]
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<!-- Provide the basic links for the model. -->
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- **Repository:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Paper [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Demo [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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## Uses
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<!-- Address questions around how the model is intended to be used, including the foreseeable users of the model and those affected by the model. -->
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### Direct Use
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<!-- This section is for the model use without fine-tuning or plugging into a larger ecosystem/app. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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### Downstream Use [optional]
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<!-- This section is for the model use when fine-tuned for a task, or when plugged into a larger ecosystem/app -->
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[More Information Needed]
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### Out-of-Scope Use
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<!-- This section addresses misuse, malicious use, and uses that the model will not work well for. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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## Bias, Risks, and Limitations
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<!-- This section is meant to convey both technical and sociotechnical limitations. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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### Recommendations
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<!-- This section is meant to convey recommendations with respect to the bias, risk, and technical limitations. -->
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Users (both direct and downstream) should be made aware of the risks, biases and limitations of the model. More information needed for further recommendations.
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##
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Use the code below to get started with the model.
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[More Information Needed]
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## Training Details
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### Training Data
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<!-- This should link to a Dataset Card, perhaps with a short stub of information on what the training data is all about as well as documentation related to data pre-processing or additional filtering. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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### Training Procedure
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<!-- This relates heavily to the Technical Specifications. Content here should link to that section when it is relevant to the training procedure. -->
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#### Preprocessing [optional]
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[More Information Needed]
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#### Training Hyperparameters
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- **Training regime:** [More Information Needed] <!--fp32, fp16 mixed precision, bf16 mixed precision, bf16 non-mixed precision, fp16 non-mixed precision, fp8 mixed precision -->
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#### Speeds, Sizes, Times [optional]
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### Results
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[More Information Needed]
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## Environmental Impact
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<!-- Total emissions (in grams of CO2eq) and additional considerations, such as electricity usage, go here. Edit the suggested text below accordingly -->
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Carbon emissions can be estimated using the [Machine Learning Impact calculator](https://mlco2.github.io/impact#compute) presented in [Lacoste et al. (2019)](https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.09700).
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- **Hardware Type:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Hours used:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Cloud Provider:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Compute Region:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Carbon Emitted:** [More Information Needed]
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##
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[More Information Needed]
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##
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##
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---
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language: en
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license: apache-2.0
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datasets:
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- derek-thomas/ScienceQA
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- allenai/ai2_arc
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tags:
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- education
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- stem
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- computer science
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- data science
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- engineering
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- biology
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- chemistry
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# STEMerald-2b
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**Model name:** STEMerald-2b
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**Model description:**
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STEMerald-2b is a fine-tuned version of the Gemma-2b model, designed specifically for answering university-level STEM multiple-choice questions. This model leverages advanced fine-tuning techniques, including Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) and Direct Preference Optimization (DPO), to enhance its accuracy and reliability in providing educational support.
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<p align="center">
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<img src="STEMerald_pic.jpeg" alt="STEMerald picture" width="400"/>
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</p>
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## Model Details
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**Base Model:** [Gemma-2b](https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.08295)
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**Architecture:** Decoder-only Language Model (Causal)
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**Parameters:** 2.51 billion
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**Quantized Version:** STEMerald-2b-4bit (with 4-bit NormalFloat)
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**Training Framework:** PyTorch with Hugging Face Transformers
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## Datasets
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The model was fine-tuned on a variety of datasets tailored for STEM education, including:
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- **EPFL Preference Pairs Dataset:** 1522 university-level STEM questions with 26k preference pairs, annotated by students using ChatGPT-3.5 with Chain-of-Thought (CoT).
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- **Stack Exchange Dataset:** Questions and answers from various topics such as math, computer science, and engineering.
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- **Orca-Math:** 200k grade-school math word problems to enhance reasoning capabilities.
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- **EPFL MCQA Dataset**: Dataset of multiple-choice questions with explanation (for CoT) extracted from the winning pairs of EPFL preference pairs.
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- **ScienceQA:** Multiple-choice questions on biology, physics, chemistry, economics, earth science, and engineering practices.
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- **AI2 Reasoning Challenge (ARC):** Grade-school level multiple-choice science questions.
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## Training Process
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The training process for STEMerald-2b involved multiple steps:
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1. **Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT):** Initial training on datasets like Orca-Math to improve reasoning abilities.
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2. **Direct Preference Optimization (DPO):** Training on preference pairs from EPFL and Stack Exchange datasets to align model outputs with preferred answers.
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3. **MCQA Fine-Tuning:** Specialization for multiple-choice question answering using datasets like ScienceQA and ARC.
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## Performance
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The performance of STEMerald-2b was evaluated using various metrics:
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- **Accuracy:** The model achieved high accuracy across multiple test sets, demonstrating its effectiveness in answering STEM questions.
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- **Qualitative Evaluation:** The model's answers were evaluated for logical consistency, truthfulness, clarity, and coherence with the final answer.
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### Results
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| Model Version | Accuracy (Non-Quantized) | Accuracy (Quantized) |
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|-----------------------------------|--------------------------|----------------------|
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| it-ORCA-DPO-MCQA _(STEMerald-2b)_ | 0.750 | 0.720 |
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| it-DPO-MCQA | 0.744 | 0.720 |
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| it-MCQA | 0.736 | 0.700 |
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| it-ORCA-MCQA | 0.722 | 0.714 |
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| MCQA | 0.702 | 0.654 |
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| DPO-MCQA | 0.694 | 0.674 |
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| Gemma-it-OneShot | 0.546 | 0.520 |
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| Gemma-it | 0.518 | 0.518 |
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Micro-averaged accuracy over three MCQA test sets(EPFL MCQA, ScienceQA and ARC).
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## Use Cases
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STEMerald-2b can be utilized as a STEM course assistant, providing support in areas such as:
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- Answering university-level multiple-choice STEM questions.
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- Offering detailed explanations and reasoning for answers.
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- Enhancing student engagement and learning efficiency during independent studies.
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## Ethical Considerations
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While STEMerald-2b aims to provide accurate and helpful responses, it is important to consider potential ethical implications:
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- **Over-Reliance:** Students might become overly dependent on the model for answers, potentially affecting their independent learning and problem-solving skills.
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- **Accuracy:** Although efforts were made to ensure the truthfulness of responses, there is still a possibility of incorrect answers. Teacher supervision is crucial.
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## Limitations
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- The model's performance may vary based on the specific context and nature of the questions.
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- Quantization reduces memory footprint but may slightly affect accuracy.
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## Conclusion
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STEMerald-2b offers a promising solution for enhancing STEM education through advanced language model capabilities. By leveraging fine-tuning techniques and comprehensive datasets, it aims to provide accurate and accessible learning support for students.
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## How to Use
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You can use the model directly with the `transformers` library:
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```python
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from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer
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tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("matsant01/STEMerald-2b")
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model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("matsant01/STEMerald-2b")
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input_text = "Question: What is the derivative of x^2? \nOptions: A. 4x B. 2*x^2 C. 2x D. 2\nAnswer:"
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inputs = tokenizer(input_text, return_tensors="pt")
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outputs = model.generate(**inputs)
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print(tokenizer.decode(outputs[0], skip_special_tokens=True))
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```
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For the quantized version, use:
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```python
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from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer, BitsAndBytesConfig
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quantization_config = BitsAndBytesConfig(
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load_in_4bit=True,
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bnb_4bit_compute_dtype=torch.bfloat16,
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bnb_4bit_quant_type="nf4"
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)
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tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("matsant01/STEMerald-2b-4bit")
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model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("matsant01/STEMerald-2b-4bit", quantization_config=quantization_config)
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```
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## Acknowledgements
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We acknowledge the contributions of the EPFL and Stack Exchange communities for their invaluable datasets, and the Hugging Face team for their support and tools that made this project possible.
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## Contact
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For any questions or feedback, please contact:
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- [Antonio Mari](https://github.com/antoniomari) (antonio.mari@epfl.ch)
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- [Matteo Santelmo](https://github.com/matsant01) (matteo.santelmo@epfl.ch)
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- [Stefano Viel](https://github.com/stefanoviel) (stefano.viel@epfl.ch)
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