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---
language: en
datasets:
- conll2003
license: mit
model-index:
- name: dslim/bert-large-NER
results:
- task:
type: token-classification
name: Token Classification
dataset:
name: conll2003
type: conll2003
config: conll2003
split: test
metrics:
- name: Accuracy
type: accuracy
value: 0.9031688753722759
verified: true
- name: Precision
type: precision
value: 0.920025068328604
verified: true
- name: Recall
type: recall
value: 0.9193688678588825
verified: true
- name: F1
type: f1
value: 0.9196968510445761
verified: true
- name: loss
type: loss
value: 0.5085050463676453
verified: true
---
# bert-large-NER
## Model description
**bert-large-NER** is a fine-tuned BERT model that is ready to use for **Named Entity Recognition** and achieves **state-of-the-art performance** for the NER task. It has been trained to recognize four types of entities: location (LOC), organizations (ORG), person (PER) and Miscellaneous (MISC).
Specifically, this model is a *bert-large-cased* model that was fine-tuned on the English version of the standard [CoNLL-2003 Named Entity Recognition](https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W03-0419.pdf) dataset.
If you'd like to use a smaller BERT model fine-tuned on the same dataset, a [**bert-base-NER**](https://huggingface.co/dslim/bert-base-NER/) version is also available.
## Intended uses & limitations
#### How to use
You can use this model with Transformers *pipeline* for NER.
```python
from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForTokenClassification
from transformers import pipeline
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("dslim/bert-large-NER")
model = AutoModelForTokenClassification.from_pretrained("dslim/bert-large-NER")
nlp = pipeline("ner", model=model, tokenizer=tokenizer)
example = "My name is Wolfgang and I live in Berlin"
ner_results = nlp(example)
print(ner_results)
```
#### Limitations and bias
This model is limited by its training dataset of entity-annotated news articles from a specific span of time. This may not generalize well for all use cases in different domains. Furthermore, the model occassionally tags subword tokens as entities and post-processing of results may be necessary to handle those cases.
## Training data
This model was fine-tuned on English version of the standard [CoNLL-2003 Named Entity Recognition](https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W03-0419.pdf) dataset.
The training dataset distinguishes between the beginning and continuation of an entity so that if there are back-to-back entities of the same type, the model can output where the second entity begins. As in the dataset, each token will be classified as one of the following classes:
Abbreviation|Description
-|-
O|Outside of a named entity
B-MIS |Beginning of a miscellaneous entity right after another miscellaneous entity
I-MIS | Miscellaneous entity
B-PER |Beginning of a person’s name right after another person’s name
I-PER |Person’s name
B-ORG |Beginning of an organization right after another organization
I-ORG |organization
B-LOC |Beginning of a location right after another location
I-LOC |Location
### CoNLL-2003 English Dataset Statistics
This dataset was derived from the Reuters corpus which consists of Reuters news stories. You can read more about how this dataset was created in the CoNLL-2003 paper.
#### # of training examples per entity type
Dataset|LOC|MISC|ORG|PER
-|-|-|-|-
Train|7140|3438|6321|6600
Dev|1837|922|1341|1842
Test|1668|702|1661|1617
#### # of articles/sentences/tokens per dataset
Dataset |Articles |Sentences |Tokens
-|-|-|-
Train |946 |14,987 |203,621
Dev |216 |3,466 |51,362
Test |231 |3,684 |46,435
## Training procedure
This model was trained on a single NVIDIA V100 GPU with recommended hyperparameters from the [original BERT paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1810.04805) which trained & evaluated the model on CoNLL-2003 NER task.
## Eval results
metric|dev|test
-|-|-
f1 |95.7 |91.7
precision |95.3 |91.2
recall |96.1 |92.3
The test metrics are a little lower than the official Google BERT results which encoded document context & experimented with CRF. More on replicating the original results [here](https://github.com/google-research/bert/issues/223).
### BibTeX entry and citation info
```
@article{DBLP:journals/corr/abs-1810-04805,
author = {Jacob Devlin and
Ming{-}Wei Chang and
Kenton Lee and
Kristina Toutanova},
title = {{BERT:} Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language
Understanding},
journal = {CoRR},
volume = {abs/1810.04805},
year = {2018},
url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1810.04805},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
eprint = {1810.04805},
timestamp = {Tue, 30 Oct 2018 20:39:56 +0100},
biburl = {https://dblp.org/rec/journals/corr/abs-1810-04805.bib},
bibsource = {dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org}
}
```
```
@inproceedings{tjong-kim-sang-de-meulder-2003-introduction,
title = "Introduction to the {C}o{NLL}-2003 Shared Task: Language-Independent Named Entity Recognition",
author = "Tjong Kim Sang, Erik F. and
De Meulder, Fien",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the Seventh Conference on Natural Language Learning at {HLT}-{NAACL} 2003",
year = "2003",
url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W03-0419",
pages = "142--147",
}
```
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