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溶血性贫血@ * 获得性溶血性贫血可分为免疫性和非免疫性： * 自身抗体是免疫介导的溶血性贫血的病因，通常包含在其他自身免疫性疾病（例如系统性红斑狼疮、类风湿关节炎、硬皮病）中或与淋巴组织增生性疾病（例如非霍奇金淋巴瘤、慢性淋巴细胞白血病）有关。 | [
{
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"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "溶血性贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "获得性溶血性贫血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "溶血性贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "免疫介导的溶血性贫血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "免疫介导的溶血性贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "自身抗体"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "自身免疫性疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "系统性红斑狼疮"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "自身免疫性疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "类风湿关节炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "自身免疫性疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "硬皮病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "自身免疫性疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "免疫介导的溶血性贫血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "淋巴组织增生性疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "非霍奇金淋巴瘤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "淋巴组织增生性疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "慢性淋巴细胞白血病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "淋巴组织增生性疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "免疫介导的溶血性贫血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
女孩中约80%的中枢性性早熟患儿为特发性性早熟。 根据性早熟的发病机制和病因，可将之分为中枢性性早熟和外周性性早熟： 1.中枢性性早熟（central precocious puberty，CPP） 亦称完全性或真性性早熟，是指由于下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴功能提前激活，导致性腺发育及功能成熟，与正常青春发育成熟机制完全一致，并可具有一定的生育能力。 | [
{
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"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "性早熟",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "中枢性性早熟"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "性早熟",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "外周性性早熟"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "中枢性性早熟",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "central precocious puberty"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "中枢性性早熟",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "CPP"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "中枢性性早熟",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "完全性或真性性早熟"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病机制",
"subject": "中枢性性早熟",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴功能提前激活"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病率",
"subject": "特发性性早熟",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "80%"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "中枢性性早熟",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "特发性性早熟"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病性别倾向",
"subject": "特发性性早熟",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "女孩"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
类癌综合征@类癌综合征患者手术前应该开始输注奥曲肽以防止类癌瘤危象。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "类癌综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "类癌瘤危象"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "类癌瘤危象",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "奥曲肽"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
帕金森病@### 轻度帕金森症 左旋多巴被认为是确定性治疗方法，而且研究表明它不会加速疾病进展。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "帕金森病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "轻度帕金森症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "轻度帕金森症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "左旋多巴"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
（二）反流样消化不良 突出的表现是胸骨后痛，胃灼热，反流。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "反流样消化不良",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胸骨后痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "反流样消化不良",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胃灼热"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "反流样消化不良",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "反流"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
出生后感染性肺炎可出现发热或体温不升，反应差等全身症状。 维持正常血气 有低氧血症时可根据病情和血气分析结果选用鼻导管、面罩、鼻塞式CPAP给氧，使血气维持在正常范围。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "出生后感染性肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "维持正常血气"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "出生后感染性肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "给氧"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "出生后感染性肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "发热"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "出生后感染性肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "体温不升"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "出生后感染性肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "反应差"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "出生后感染性肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "低氧血症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
白喉@## 鉴别诊断 ### 查看全部 ### 化脓性链球菌咽炎 体征/症状 检查 体征/症状 起病急，伴明显喉痛和发热。 白喉@有些患者出现细小的丘疹，伴口周苍白和草莓舌（猩红热）。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "白喉",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "化脓性链球菌咽炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "化脓性链球菌咽炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "喉痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "化脓性链球菌咽炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "发热"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "化脓性链球菌咽炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "丘疹"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "化脓性链球菌咽炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "口周苍白"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "化脓性链球菌咽炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "草莓舌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "猩红热",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "草莓舌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
【临床表现】 在室间隔完整的大动脉转位新生儿，两大循环间的交换血流量少，存在着明显的青紫（室间隔完整和血液混合不充分的新生儿青紫明显），可在出生后数小时内即被发现，且大多情况下为唯一症状。随着肺动脉高压的发展，逐渐出现第三心音、心力衰竭引起的奔马律及肺动脉第二音亢进，在心尖处可闻及因肺静脉血流增加而产生的舒张中期杂音。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "大动脉转位",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "第三心音"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "大动脉转位",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "奔马律"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "大动脉转位",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肺动脉第二音亢进"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "多发群体",
"subject": "大动脉转位",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "新生儿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "大动脉转位",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "青紫"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
高血压脑病：由于脑血管痉挛，导致缺血、缺氧、血管渗透性增高而发生脑水肿。年长儿会主诉剧烈头痛、呕吐、复视或一过性失明，严重者突然出现惊厥、昏迷。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "高血压脑病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "剧烈头痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "高血压脑病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呕吐"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "高血压脑病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "复视"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "高血压脑病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "一过性失明"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "高血压脑病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "昏迷"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "高血压脑病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "惊厥"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "高血压脑病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脑血管痉挛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "脑水肿",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "缺血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "脑水肿",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "缺氧"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "脑水肿",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血管渗透性增高"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "高血压脑病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脑水肿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
转移性乳腺癌@ 三线选择 * 如果考虑进一步激素治疗，则可应用孕酮类药物，例如甲地孕酮。转移性乳腺癌@不过，每一种后续治疗的有效期似乎越来越短，直至不得不进行化疗。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "转移性乳腺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "孕酮类药物"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "转移性乳腺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "甲地孕酮"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "化疗",
"subject": "转移性乳腺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "化疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
急性淋巴细胞白血病@ ### 案例 #2 一位4岁女孩出现昏睡、呼吸困难、发热及瘀斑。急性淋巴细胞白血病@体格检查显示肝脾肿大，胸片显示纵膈肿块与胸腔积液。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性淋巴细胞白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "昏睡"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性淋巴细胞白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呼吸困难"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性淋巴细胞白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "发热"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性淋巴细胞白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "瘀斑"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "急性淋巴细胞白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "体格检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性淋巴细胞白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肝脾肿大"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "急性淋巴细胞白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胸片显示纵膈肿块与胸腔积液"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
消化性溃疡病@## 并发症 ### 查看全部 并发症 table 并发症 | 时间表 | 可能性 ---|---|--- ### 溃疡穿透消化道壁 | 长期 | 低 慢性溃疡可穿透整个胃壁或十二指肠壁，并进入胰腺等邻近器官，但未发生溃破进入腹腔。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "消化性溃疡病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "溃疡穿透消化道壁"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
1.典型的21-羟化酶缺乏症的临床表现 （1）单纯男性化型： 21-羟化酶缺乏症部分性缺乏，占21-羟化酶缺乏症患者总数25%。出生时外生殖器似正常，少数有轻度的阴茎增大，阴囊色素沉着。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "21-羟化酶缺乏症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "阴茎增大"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "21-羟化酶缺乏症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "阴囊色素沉着"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
第十九章 进行性肌营养不良 进行性肌营养不良（progressive muscular dystrophy）是一组遗传性骨骼肌变性疾病，临床表现为进行性肌无力和肌萎缩，最终完全丧失运动功能。 （二）支持治疗 为保持肌肉功能及预防挛缩，进行适度运动甚为重要，不宜久卧床上。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "进行性肌营养不良",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "progressive muscular dystrophy"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "遗传性骨骼肌变性疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "进行性肌营养不良"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "进行性肌营养不良",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "丧失运动功能"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（症状）",
"subject": "进行性肌营养不良",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "进行性肌无力"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（症状）",
"subject": "进行性肌营养不良",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肌萎缩"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "进行性肌营养不良",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "适度运动"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
慢性阻塞性肺疾病@[ 结核病 ](/topics/zh-cn/165) ### 细支气管炎 体征/症状 检查 体征/症状 细支气管炎可能累及幼年患者。慢性阻塞性肺疾病@胸部 X 线检查显示过度充气。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "慢性阻塞性肺疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胸部 X 线"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "慢性阻塞性肺疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "细支气管炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "慢性阻塞性肺疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "结核病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
婴儿猝死综合征@### 非意外外伤或虐待性伤害，包括代理型孟乔森综合征 体征/症状 检查 体征/症状 外伤的迹象，包括非常见部位瘀青、肋骨骨折、长骨螺旋型骨折和视网膜出血。 婴儿猝死综合征@存在腹内损伤（例如肝/空腔脏器损伤）。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "婴儿猝死综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "非意外外伤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "婴儿猝死综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "虐待性伤害"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "代理型孟乔森综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "虐待性伤害"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "婴儿猝死综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "非常见部位瘀青"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "婴儿猝死综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肋骨骨折"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "婴儿猝死综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "长骨螺旋型骨折"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "婴儿猝死综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "视网膜出血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "腹内损伤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "婴儿猝死综合征"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
只具备内脏易位和支气管扩张者，称为不全性Kartagener综合征。应鼓励咳嗽，肺部物理治疗有助于排痰。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "不全性Kartagener综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "内脏易位"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "不全性Kartagener综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "支气管扩张"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "不全性Kartagener综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "咳嗽"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
（二）血氨 部分患者血氨增高。 （四）凝血酶原时间和肝促凝血活酶试验 AHF时，凝血酶原时间（prothrombin time，PT）总是延长的。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "AHF",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血氨"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "AHF",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "凝血酶原时间"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "AHF",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肝促凝血活酶试验"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "凝血酶原时间",
"subject_type": "检查",
"object": {
"@value": "prothrombin time"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "凝血酶原时间",
"subject_type": "检查",
"object": {
"@value": "PT"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
持续性抑郁症@某些药物尚未在随机和安慰剂对照研究中进行评估。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "持续性抑郁症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "安慰剂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
（四）呕吐 患儿可出现呕吐，呕吐物可呈咖啡样或带胆汁。 【X线检查】 腹部X线平片检查对诊断NEC有非常大的价值，但早产儿NEC表现不典型，要多次随访检查，观察动态变化。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "NEC",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呕吐"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "NEC",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹部X线平片"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
3、子痫 临床表现：子痫前期基础上发生不能用其他原因解释的抽搐。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "阶段",
"subject": "子痫",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "子痫前期"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "子痫",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "抽搐"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
13-三体综合征@30%～60%患儿有泌尿系畸形，可见多囊肾、肾盂积水、双肾及双输尿管。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "13-三体综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "泌尿系畸形"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "13-三体综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "多囊肾"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "13-三体综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肾盂积水"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "13-三体综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "双肾"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "13-三体综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "双输尿管"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病率",
"subject": "泌尿系畸形",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "30%～60%"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
铅中毒@对于非妊娠成人，如果血铅水平＞3.4 μmol/L (＞70 μg/dL)，可考虑给予琥巯酸或依地酸钙钠单药治疗。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "铅中毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "琥巯酸"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "铅中毒",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "依地酸钙钠单药"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
广泛性焦虑障碍@但接受喹硫平治疗的患者因各种原因停药、体重增加和患代谢综合征的风险也明显增高。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "广泛性焦虑障碍",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "喹硫平"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
稳定型缺血性心脏疾病@二级预防服用阿司匹林可将心肌梗死、中风或血管性死亡的风险降低33％。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "心肌梗死",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "阿司匹林"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "中风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "阿司匹林"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "稳定型缺血性心脏疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心肌梗死"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
在以免疫复合物介导的疾病中，补体下降往往提示疾病活动，免疫复合物介导的肾炎尤其如此，如狼疮肾炎、血清病、链球菌感染后肾炎、冷球蛋白血症及部分与风湿性疾病相关的肾炎（如多动脉炎肾炎）。 （2）抗细胞质抗体： 如抗线粒体抗体、核糖体抗体及溶酶体抗体等，引起相应的病变。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "免疫复合物介导的肾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "狼疮肾炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "免疫复合物介导的肾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血清病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "免疫复合物介导的肾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "链球菌感染后肾炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "免疫复合物介导的肾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "冷球蛋白血症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "免疫复合物介导的肾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "多动脉炎肾炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
多发性硬化症@ 患者还需要在用药开始后 3 至 4 个月复查 OCT。多发性硬化症@应当监测患者是否发生严重头痛，它可能由血管痉挛及呼吸短促和肺活量下降等肺部问题引起。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "多发性硬化症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "严重头痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "多发性硬化症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呼吸短促"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "多发性硬化症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肺活量下降"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理生理",
"subject": "多发性硬化症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血管痉挛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "多发性硬化症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "OCT"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
甲状腺癌@ * 原发性甲状腺淋巴瘤是最常见的类型，其5年生存率＜50%。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "甲状腺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "原发性甲状腺淋巴瘤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "预后生存率",
"subject": "原发性甲状腺淋巴瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "5年生存率＜50%"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "预后"
}
}
] |
近年来推荐新的诊断标准：典型临床特征（呼吸道症状、胃肠道、泌尿生殖系统症状），或同胞中有CF患儿，或新生儿筛查试验阳性，加下列CFTR功能紊乱的实验室证据之一即可诊断：两个不同日期采集的汗液Cl-含量升高，鉴定出两种CF突变，鼻上皮电位差测定异常。设法去除呼吸道内黏稠分泌物，加强肺部物理治疗，尤其是胸部叩打和体位引流，根据病情每天1～4次；注意口服补液或静脉补液，尤其是炎热季节及伴发急性胃肠炎时，防止脱水和气道分泌物干燥黏稠；雾化吸入0. 45～0. 9%氯化钠可湿化气道、稀化痰液，亦可加用人重组DNA酶（2. 5mg，每天1次）雾化吸入。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "CF",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胸部叩打"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "CF",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "体位引流"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "CF",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "口服补液"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "CF",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "静脉补液"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "CF",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "急性胃肠炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "CF",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "0. 45～0. 9%氯化钠"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "CF",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "重组DNA酶"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "CFTR功能紊乱",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "CF"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
细菌性脑膜炎@[ 癫痫发作概述 ](/topics/zh-cn/112) ### 硬膜下积液 | 存在差异 | 中 可见于三分之一患者。细菌性脑膜炎@通常与 _流感嗜血杆菌_ 和 _肺炎双球菌_ 有关。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "细菌性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "癫痫"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "细菌性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "硬膜下积液"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "细菌性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "流感嗜血杆菌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "细菌性脑膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肺炎双球菌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
消化性溃疡病@如果缺乏报警症状，内镜检查则不必要，只有当症状经治疗不缓解才推荐行内镜检查。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "内窥镜检查",
"subject": "消化性溃疡病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "内镜"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
临床上较难发现未累及肺泡与肺泡间壁的纯粹毛细支气管炎，故国内认为是一种特殊类型的肺炎,称为喘憋性肺炎。 【病因】 主要由呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV)引起，副流感病毒、腺病毒、鼻病毒、人类偏肺病毒（hMPV)、博卡病毒（bocavirus)、肺炎支原体也可引起本病。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "纯粹毛细支气管炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "喘憋性肺炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "纯粹毛细支气管炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV)"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "纯粹毛细支气管炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "副流感病毒"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "纯粹毛细支气管炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腺病毒"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "纯粹毛细支气管炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "鼻病毒"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "纯粹毛细支气管炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "人类偏肺病毒（hMPV)"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "纯粹毛细支气管炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "博卡病毒（bocavirus)"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "纯粹毛细支气管炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肺炎支原体"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
图12-2 Bartter综合征的诊断步骤 【鉴别诊断】 1.原发性醛固酮增多症 可出现低血钾和高醛固酮血症，但有高血压和低肾素血症，对血管紧张素反应敏感。 【治疗】 1.补钾 长期大剂量口服氯化钾以纠正低血钾，剂量＞10mmol/（kg•d），年长儿有时高达500mmol/d，但大剂量可致胃部不适和腹泻，难以耐受。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "Bartter综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "原发性醛固酮增多症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "原发性醛固酮增多症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "低血钾"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "原发性醛固酮增多症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "对血管紧张素反应敏感"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（症状）",
"subject": "原发性醛固酮增多症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "高醛固酮血症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（症状）",
"subject": "原发性醛固酮增多症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "低肾素血症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（症状）",
"subject": "原发性醛固酮增多症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "高血压"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "原发性醛固酮增多症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "补钾"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "原发性醛固酮增多症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "氯化钾"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "原发性醛固酮增多症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹泻"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
注意排除继发性肺含铁血黄素沉着症，如继发于二尖瓣狭窄以及任何原因引起的左心衰竭，或肺内毛细血管压力长期增高的心脏病患者及结缔组织疾病如结节性多发性动脉炎、类风湿病、过敏性紫癜。肾上腺皮质激素治疗无效者可试用免疫抑制剂，如硫唑嘌呤、环磷酰胺，疗程一般3个月，可与肾上腺皮质激素联合应用。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "肺含铁血黄素沉着症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "左心衰竭"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "肺含铁血黄素沉着症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "结节性多发性动脉炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "肺含铁血黄素沉着症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "类风湿病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "肺含铁血黄素沉着症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "过敏性紫癜"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "肺含铁血黄素沉着症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肾上腺皮质激素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "肺含铁血黄素沉着症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "免疫抑制剂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "肺含铁血黄素沉着症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "硫唑嘌呤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "肺含铁血黄素沉着症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "环磷酰胺"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
抗菌谱广，口服体内吸收良好，毒性反应低，对假丝酵母菌病疗效均显著。 4.氟康唑（fluconazole) 双三唑类抗真菌药，作用机制和抗菌谱与酮康唑相似，体内抗真菌活性比酮康唑强,生物利用度高，口服吸收好,对假丝酵母菌有效。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "假丝酵母菌病疗",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "氟康唑"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "假丝酵母菌病疗",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "双三唑类抗真菌药"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "假丝酵母菌病疗",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "抗菌谱"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "假丝酵母菌病疗",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "酮康唑"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "氟康唑",
"subject_type": "药物",
"object": {
"@value": "fluconazole"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
对肾实质性ARF，治疗原则如下： （一）少尿期治疗 1.一般治疗 保证热量230～251kJ/（kg•d）［55～60kcal/（kg•d）］，给予低盐、低蛋白、低钾、低磷饮食，蛋白每日摄入量为0. 3～1. 0g/kg，且为优质蛋白，因此可输注5. 53%肾必氨（9R）3～5ml/（kg•d）。 5.促蛋白合成激素 苯丙酸诺龙25mg/d，每周1～2次。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "肾实质性ARF",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "低盐、低蛋白、低钾、低磷饮食"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "肾实质性ARF",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肾必氨"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "肾实质性ARF",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "促蛋白合成激素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "肾实质性ARF",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "苯丙酸诺龙"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
白喉@如果在妊娠期间没有接种，应当在产后立即接种 Tdap。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "预防",
"subject": "白喉",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "接种 Tdap"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他"
}
}
] |
痛风@常报告的不良反应有肝功能升高、头痛、高血压、腹泻和关节痛/僵硬。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "痛风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肝功能升高"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "痛风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "头痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "痛风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "关节痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "痛风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "僵硬"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "痛风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "高血压"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "痛风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹泻"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
HELLP 综合征@### 高血压 继发于血管收缩。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（症状）",
"subject": "HELLP 综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "高血压"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
持续性抑郁症@结果 在初级医疗机构筛查阳性结果即为抑郁 。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "筛查",
"subject": "持续性抑郁症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "筛查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
ST段抬高型心肌梗死@长期使用硝酸酯不作为心肌梗死后的常规推荐，但可以用作慢性心力衰竭和慢性心绞痛治疗计划的一部分。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "ST段抬高型心肌梗死",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "慢性心力衰竭"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "ST段抬高型心肌梗死",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "慢性心绞痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "ST段抬高型心肌梗死",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "硝酸酯"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
第四节 毛细支气管炎 毛细支气管炎（bronchiolitis）是婴儿期常见的下呼吸道炎症性疾病。及时补充液体，维持水、电解质、酸碱平衡。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "毛细支气管炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "bronchiolitis"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "多发群体",
"subject": "毛细支气管炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "婴儿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "下呼吸道炎症性疾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "毛细支气管炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "毛细支气管炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "补充液体"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "毛细支气管炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "维持水、电解质、酸碱平衡"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
B族链球菌感染@主要危险因素包括存在晚期肾病、神经系统疾病、恶性肿瘤和免疫抑制。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "B族链球菌感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "晚期肾病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "B族链球菌感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "神经系统疾病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "B族链球菌感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "恶性肿瘤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "B族链球菌感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "免疫抑制"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
唇腭裂@## 治疗流程 请注意，同一药物不同名称的剂型和剂量可能不同： [ 参见免责声明 ](https://bestpractice.bmj.com/info/disclaimer/) 疾病持续状态 ### 完全性唇腭裂 查看全部 首选 – 特殊喂养 尽管鼻胃管饲很少需要，但若出现喂养困难可能需要延长住院时间。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "完全性唇腭裂",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "特殊喂养"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "完全性唇腭裂",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "鼻胃管饲"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "完全性唇腭裂",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "喂养困难"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "唇腭裂",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "完全性唇腭裂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
以上四种并发症多见于金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎、耐药肺炎链球菌肺炎和某些革兰氏阴性杆菌肺炎 (Gram-negative bacillary pneumonia，GNBP ) 0 支气管扩张（bronchiectasis)肺炎部位支气管阻塞，腔内淤滞的分泌物造成对支气管壁的压力，日久造成远端扩张。X线片由于分辨率不高,易遗漏部分支气管扩张病变，而肺部CT，尤其高分辨CT(HRCT)能细致地显示病变，不易漏诊。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "耐药肺炎链球菌肺炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "革兰氏阴性杆菌肺炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "支气管扩张（bronchiectasis)肺炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "革兰氏阴性杆菌肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "Gram-negative bacillary pneumonia"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "革兰氏阴性杆菌肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "GNBP"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "革兰氏阴性杆菌肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "支气管阻塞"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "革兰氏阴性杆菌肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "远端扩张"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "革兰氏阴性杆菌肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "X线"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "革兰氏阴性杆菌肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "CT"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "革兰氏阴性杆菌肺炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "高分辨CT"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "高分辨CT",
"subject_type": "检查",
"object": {
"@value": "HRCT"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
皮肤鳞状细胞癌@它包括了从原位癌（也被称为 Bowen 病）至侵袭性癌，同时也包括转移癌。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "皮肤鳞状细胞癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "原位癌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "皮肤鳞状细胞癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "侵袭性癌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "皮肤鳞状细胞癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "转移癌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "原位癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "Bowen 病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
提示颅内压增高的特征包括颅缝裂开、脑回压迹加深以及蛛网膜颗粒压迹增大加深，蝶鞍扩大，鞍背及前后床突的吸收或破坏等。 （1）20%甘露醇： 0. 25～1. 5g/kg，静脉推入，每4～6小时一次。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "颅内压增高",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "颅缝裂开"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "颅内压增高",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "脑回压迹加深"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "颅内压增高",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "蛛网膜颗粒压迹增大加深"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "颅内压增高",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "蝶鞍扩大"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "颅内压增高",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "鞍背及前后床突的吸收或破坏"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "颅内压增高",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "甘露醇"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
曲霉菌病@ （2）继发性侵袭型： 机体患有严重疾病或长期应用大量抗生素、免疫抑制剂，此型较为常见。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "曲霉菌病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "继发性侵袭型"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "曲霉菌病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "抗生素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "曲霉菌病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "免疫抑制剂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
前置胎盘@可以采用经阴道、经腹部或经会阴超声（在大多数情况下没有帮助，但如果可行，也是一种选择，且存在阴道出血和可能导致宫颈扩张的顾虑），但首选经阴道超声。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "前置胎盘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "会阴超声"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "前置胎盘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "阴道超声"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "前置胎盘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "阴道出血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "前置胎盘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "宫颈扩张"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
肥厚型心肌病@总体而言，对HCM患者进行遗传学检测的阳性率不高，约50%的患者找不到相关基因。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "肥厚型心肌病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "HCM"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "肥厚型心肌病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "遗传学检测"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
夜盲或暗光中视物不清最早出现，持续数周后，开始出现干眼症的表现，外观眼结膜、角膜干燥，失去光泽，自觉痒感,泪减少，眼部检查可见结膜近角膜边缘处干燥起皱褶，角化上皮堆积形成泡沫状白斑，称结膜干燥斑或毕脱斑(Bitot’s spots)。严重时可发生角膜溃疡、坏死引起穿孔,虹膜、晶状体脱出，导致失明。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "干眼症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "夜盲"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "干眼症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "结膜干燥斑或毕脱斑"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "干眼症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "暗光中视物不清"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "干眼症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "眼结膜、角膜干燥"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "干眼症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "失去光泽"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "干眼症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "自觉痒感"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "干眼症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "泪减少"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "干眼症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "结膜近角膜边缘处干燥起皱褶"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "干眼症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "角化上皮堆积形成泡沫状白斑"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "结膜干燥斑或毕脱斑",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "Bitot’s spots"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "干眼症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "坏死"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "干眼症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "穿孔"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "干眼症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "虹膜、晶状体脱出"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "干眼症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "角膜溃疡"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "干眼症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "失明"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
百日咳@## 一级预防 常规疫苗接种是完全可以预防该病的。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "预防",
"subject": "百日咳",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "常规疫苗接种"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他"
}
}
] |
肝硬化@### 胸壁特征（例如男子女性型乳房） 慢性肝病胸部典型体征包括：男子女性型乳房（乳核发育）、男性丧失第二性征、女性乳房萎缩。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "慢性肝病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肝硬化"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "慢性肝病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "男子女性型乳房"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "慢性肝病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "男性丧失第二性征"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "慢性肝病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "女性乳房萎缩"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "男子女性型乳房",
"subject_type": "症状",
"object": {
"@value": "乳核发育"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
慢性淋巴细胞白血病@ 分期基于体格检查和血细胞计数。慢性淋巴细胞白血病@ ### 淋巴结肿大 可能存在无痛性淋巴结肿大。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "慢性淋巴细胞白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "体格检查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "慢性淋巴细胞白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血细胞计数"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "慢性淋巴细胞白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "淋巴结肿大"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "慢性淋巴细胞白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "无痛性淋巴结肿大"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
第七节 系统性红斑狼疮性肾炎 系统性红斑狼疮（systemic lupus erythematosus，SLE）是一种公认的自身免疫性疾病，其病变大多累及数个系统或器官。本病多发于青少年女性，男女比例为1∶7～1∶9。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "系统性红斑狼疮",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "系统性红斑狼疮性肾炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "系统性红斑狼疮",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "systemic lupus erythematosus"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "系统性红斑狼疮",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "SLE"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "多发群体",
"subject": "系统性红斑狼疮",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "青少年女性"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病性别倾向",
"subject": "系统性红斑狼疮",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "男女比例为1∶7～1∶9"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
痛风@应重视皮质类固醇潜在的严重副作用。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "痛风",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "皮质类固醇"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
血管炎综合征@ 和其他风湿病相比，血管炎综合征男孩受累多于女孩。血管炎综合征@过敏性紫癜和川崎病是儿童常见的血管炎，分别影响小血管和中等大小血管；其次为大动脉炎，是唯一影响大血管的血管炎；结节性多动脉炎、变应性肉芽肿（allergic granulomatosis Churg-Strauss syndrome）和韦格纳肉芽肿（Wegner granulosis）则儿童相对少见，其他如白塞病（Bechet syndrome）、Cogan综合征及淋巴瘤肉芽肿，在儿童期更为少见。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "风湿病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血管炎综合征"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病性别倾向",
"subject": "血管炎综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "男孩受累多于女孩"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "血管炎综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "过敏性紫癜"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "血管炎综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "川崎病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "血管炎综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "大动脉炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "血管炎综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "结节性多动脉炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "血管炎综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "变应性肉芽肿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "血管炎综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "韦格纳肉芽肿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "血管炎综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "白塞病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "血管炎综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "Cogan综合征"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "血管炎综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "淋巴瘤肉芽肿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "变应性肉芽肿",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "allergic granulomatosis Churg-Strauss syndrome"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "韦格纳肉芽肿",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "Wegner granulosis"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "白塞病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "Bechet syndrome"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
胃癌@ ### 转移性疾病 化疗联合或不联合放疗 * 对于转移性胃癌患者，化疗与最佳支持治疗相比，可以改善患者的生活质量及生存情况。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "胃癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "转移性胃癌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "化疗",
"subject": "胃癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "化疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "放射治疗",
"subject": "胃癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "放疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
消化性溃疡病@## 监测 胃溃疡者在开始接受治疗后6到8周需要复查胃镜，以此来确定溃疡愈合情况，并且由于小部分胃癌可表现和胃溃疡相似，复查胃镜还可以排除胃癌。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "消化性溃疡病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胃溃疡"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "内窥镜检查",
"subject": "胃溃疡",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胃镜"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "胃癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胃溃疡"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
类风湿关节炎@### 首次就诊时为高疾病活动度：未妊娠/计划妊娠 查看全部 首选 – 甲氨蝶呤 #### 第一选择 [ 甲氨蝶呤 ](/druglink?dd=MARTINDALE) open_in_new : 7.5mg-25mg，口服/肌内注射，每周1次，每周同一天给药 若患者处于严重疾病状态（如胸膜炎、间质性肺病、心包炎及炎性眼病）并伴有预后不良因素（如RF阳性和/或抗- CCP抗体阳性、初期骨侵蚀的影像学证据等），初始治疗应更为积极，可加用生物制剂（TNF-α抑制剂或阿巴西普） 然而，许多临床医生仍首选尝试单药治疗，且必要时只加用一种生物制剂。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "类风湿关节炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "甲氨蝶呤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "类风湿关节炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "生物制剂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "类风湿关节炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "TNF-α抑制剂或阿巴西普"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "类风湿关节炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胸膜炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "类风湿关节炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "间质性肺病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "类风湿关节炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心包炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "类风湿关节炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "炎性眼病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "类风湿关节炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "初期骨侵蚀"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "类风湿关节炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "RF"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "类风湿关节炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "抗- CCP抗体"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
川崎病@ 3.双眼球结合膜充血 无脓性分泌物，一般无糜烂。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "川崎病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "双眼球结合膜充血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
脑面血管瘤病@约90%病人有癫痫发作，多表现为血管痣对侧肢体局限性运动性发作，全身大发作少见，部分患儿也可表现为婴儿痉挛、肌阵挛性发作、失张力性发作或复杂部分性发作等。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "脑面血管瘤病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "癫痫"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "癫痫",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血管痣对侧肢体局限性运动性发作"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "癫痫",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "全身大发作"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "癫痫",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "婴儿痉挛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "癫痫",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肌阵挛性发作"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "癫痫",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "失张力性发作"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "癫痫",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "复杂部分性发作"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
气相色谱-质谱技术（gas chromatography mass spectrometry，GC/MS）对诊断有机酸尿症和某些疾病有重要意义。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "气相色谱-质谱技术",
"subject_type": "检查",
"object": {
"@value": "gas chromatography mass spectrometry"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "气相色谱-质谱技术",
"subject_type": "检查",
"object": {
"@value": "GC"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "气相色谱-质谱技术",
"subject_type": "检查",
"object": {
"@value": "MS"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "有机酸尿症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "气相色谱-质谱技术"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
【治疗】 （一）复温 是治疗新生儿硬肿症低体温的重要措施。 （三）纠正器官功能紊乱 1. DIC治疗 重症硬肿常伴有DIC是硬肿症死亡的重要原因，抓紧高凝期治疗是关键。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "新生儿硬肿症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "复温"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "新生儿硬肿症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "低体温"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "阶段",
"subject": "新生儿硬肿症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "重症硬肿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "新生儿硬肿症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "DIC治疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "重症硬肿",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "DIC"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "重症硬肿",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "高凝期治疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
（二）多关节型 JIA（polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis） 近35%～40%JIA患儿在病初6个月内病变累及多个关节（≥5个），即多关节型JIA。病程长者，可影响局部发育出现小颌畸形；累及喉杓（环状软骨及杓状软骨）可致声哑、喉喘鸣和饮食困难。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "JIA",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "多关节型 JIA"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "多关节型 JIA",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "关节型JIA",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "关节"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "关节型JIA",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "小颌畸形"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "关节型JIA",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "声哑"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "关节型JIA",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "喉喘鸣"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "关节型JIA",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "饮食困难"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "关节型JIA",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "环状软骨"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "关节型JIA",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "杓状软骨"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "关节型JIA",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "喉杓"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
}
] |
疼痛是GBS常见的症状，可能与多种因素有关，如神经根炎及神经炎，不能活动等造成的肌肉疼痛和痛觉过敏。 患者在入院后的1～2天内即可进行理疗，肢体做被动锻炼，但应避免骨折。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "GBS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "疼痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "神经炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "GBS"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "GBS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "不能活动等造成的肌肉疼痛和痛觉过敏"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "GBS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "理疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "GBS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肢体做被动锻炼"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
}
] |
第2期 肌阵挛是本期的特征性表现，常随病程发展渐渐发生，并逐渐累及全身所有肌群，特别是躯干轴部肌群。除了有明显的不自主运动外，出现了中枢神经运动或感觉长束受累的明确体征，癫痫和痴呆也进一步恶化。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "肌阵挛",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "全身所有肌群"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "肌阵挛",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "躯干轴部肌群"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肌阵挛",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "中枢神经运动"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肌阵挛",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "感觉长束受累"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "肌阵挛",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "癫痫"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "肌阵挛",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "痴呆"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
机体的遗传体质也与IgAN发病有关。 【病理】 本病的典型病理表现为光镜下系膜细胞增生和基质增多引起系膜增宽，以局灶节段性系膜增生性肾小球肾炎最为常见,其次为肾小球轻微病变，少数呈弥漫性增生性肾小球肾炎伴灶性新月体形成。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "遗传因素",
"subject": "IgAN",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "遗传体质"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "IgAN",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "局灶节段性系膜增生性肾小球肾炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "IgAN",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肾小球轻微病变"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "IgAN",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "弥漫性增生性肾小球肾炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "IgAN",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "系膜细胞增生"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "IgAN",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "基质增多引起系膜增宽"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "弥漫性增生性肾小球肾炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "灶性新月体"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
白内障@ 美国 Beaver Dam Eye Study发现 23.5% 女性和 14.3% 男性到 65 岁时患有导致视力明显下降的白内障。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "白内障",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "视力明显下降"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病率",
"subject": "白内障",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "23.5%"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病率",
"subject": "白内障",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "14.3%"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
}
] |
广泛性焦虑障碍@怀孕患者 – 附加 – 体育锻炼 针对经选择患者组部分患者的治疗推荐 尽管在GAD患者中相关研究不多，但至少在一项小样本量的随机对照试验中发现体育锻炼可减轻焦虑症状。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "广泛性焦虑障碍",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "体育锻炼"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "广泛性焦虑障碍",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "GAD"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "广泛性焦虑障碍",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "焦虑"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
内镜部分同样要求明确炎症的部分（全胃炎、胃窦炎及胃体胃炎）；对内镜所见进行分级，并根据其异常表现将胃炎分成7种基本类型：即充血渗出型、平坦糜烂型、隆起糜烂型、萎缩型、出血型、反流型以及皱襞增生型。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "内窥镜检查",
"subject": "胃体胃炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "内镜"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "胃炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "充血渗出型"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "胃炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "平坦糜烂型"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "胃炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "隆起糜烂型"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "胃炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "萎缩型"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "胃炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "出血型"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "胃炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "反流型"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "胃炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "皱襞增生型"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
【临床表现】 消化道出血的症状与病变的性质、部位、失血量、速度及患者出血前的全身状况有关。 （一）定性 1.确定所见的物质是否为血 服用一些药物（铋剂、活性炭及甘草等）和食物（草莓、甜菜、菠菜、西瓜及西红柿等）均可被误认为有便血或黑粪症。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "消化道出血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "便血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "黑粪症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "消化道出血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
几乎3/4的右室双出口均有不同程度的肺动脉狭窄甚至闭锁，多为圆锥隔组织导致的肺动脉瓣下狭窄。由于法洛四联症通常由其特殊的流出道形态作出诊断，但该特殊形态在法洛四联症及右室双出口均可存在，因此，右室双出口与法洛四联症较难明确区分。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "右室双出口",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肺动脉狭窄甚至闭锁"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理生理",
"subject": "肺动脉狭窄甚至闭锁",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "圆锥隔组织"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "肺动脉狭窄甚至闭锁",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肺动脉瓣下"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "法洛四联症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "特殊的流出道形态"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "右室双出口",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "特殊的流出道形态"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "右室双出口",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "法洛四联症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
卵巢癌@ 如果手术探查发现晚期卵巢癌，必须行最大限度的减瘤术，以清除所有肿瘤组织。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助检查",
"subject": "卵巢癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "手术探查"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "卵巢癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "晚期卵巢癌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "晚期卵巢癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "减瘤术"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
}
] |
血吸虫病@结肠癌家族史，有腺瘤性息肉病，吸烟，长期的溃疡性结肠炎或克罗恩病病史的患者需怀疑结肠癌。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "结肠癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "结肠癌家族史"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "高危因素",
"subject": "结肠癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "吸烟"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病史",
"subject": "结肠癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腺瘤性息肉病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病史",
"subject": "结肠癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "克罗恩病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病史",
"subject": "结肠癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "溃疡性结肠炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "血吸虫病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "结肠癌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
补锌为治疗锌缺乏疾病的主要方法。首先应摄入含锌丰富的食物，如仍不能满足需要，则需补充锌剂，其中以口服为首选，较符合人体的正常代谢过程，选用葡萄糖酸锌，口服锌的剂量为0. 5～1. 0mg/（kg•d）（按元素锌计算），疗程可根据病情及症状决定，对食欲缺乏、厌食、反复感染、免疫功能下降，一般4周为一个疗程，如为生长发育迟缓，一般需8周为一个疗程。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "锌缺乏",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "补锌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "锌缺乏",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "锌剂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "锌缺乏",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "葡萄糖酸锌"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "锌缺乏",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "感染"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "锌缺乏",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "免疫功能下降"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "锌缺乏",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "生长发育迟缓"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "锌缺乏",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "食欲缺乏"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "锌缺乏",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "厌食"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
小儿哮喘@步骤 3（持续） – 联合 – 必要时短效β2受体激动剂+教育 针对经选择患者组全部患者的治疗推荐 #### 第一选择 [ 吸入沙丁胺醇 ](/druglink?dd=MARTINDALE) open_in_new : （100 μg/剂的定量吸入器）运动前 5 分钟或需要时每 4-6 小时 200 μg（2 喷） 或 [ 吸入左沙丁胺醇 ](/druglink?dd=MARTINDALE) open_in_new : （45 μg/剂的定量吸入器）运动前5 min或必要时4-6 h 90 μg（2喷） 短效β2受体激动剂剂量逐渐增加说明患儿哮喘控制不佳，并且需要升级治疗。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "小儿哮喘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "短效β2受体激动剂"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "小儿哮喘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "沙丁胺醇"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "小儿哮喘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "左沙丁胺醇"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "哮喘",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "小儿哮喘"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
肝硬化@### 外周水肿 是失代偿期肝硬化的体征，继发于盐潴留和肝脏合成功能降低所致的低蛋白血症。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "肝硬化",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "外周水肿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "肝硬化",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "失代偿期肝硬化"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "低蛋白血症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "失代偿期肝硬化"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "盐潴留",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "失代偿期肝硬化"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理生理",
"subject": "低蛋白血症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肝脏合成功能降低"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
肾细胞癌@若干小型研究的荟萃分析显示对RCC 有效率为 12%。 肾细胞癌@### 患者自体疫苗 一些证据表明应用患者自体疫苗的辅助治疗（高危险 RCC 肾切除术后患者）可改善无进展生存期。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "肾细胞癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "RCC"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "肾细胞癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "荟萃"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "肾细胞癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "自体疫苗 "
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "高危险 RCC",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "自体疫苗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "高危险 RCC",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "肾切除术"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
}
] |
狂犬病@在麻痹型狂犬病患者中，一般没有前期的精神状态改变。狂犬病@患者乏力逐渐加重，并快速进展至弛缓性瘫痪、昏迷和死亡。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "狂犬病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "麻痹型狂犬病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "狂犬病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "弛缓性瘫痪"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "狂犬病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "死亡"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "狂犬病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "昏迷"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
麻风病@ 2 型反应（麻风结节性红斑） * 最常见于 BL 和 LL。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "麻风病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "麻风结节性红斑"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "BL",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "麻风结节性红斑"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "LL",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "麻风结节性红斑"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
感染性心内膜炎@ ### 计算机断层扫描 (computed tomography, CT) 已经发现计算机断层扫描较经胸超声心动图在检测感染性心内膜炎患者瓣膜异常中存在优势，但它可能发现不了小病灶，例如小的瓣叶穿孔（直径≤2mm）。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "感染性心内膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "计算机断层扫描"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "感染性心内膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "胸超声心动图"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "计算机断层扫描",
"subject_type": "检查",
"object": {
"@value": "computed tomography"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "计算机断层扫描",
"subject_type": "检查",
"object": {
"@value": "CT"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "感染性心内膜炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "小的瓣叶穿孔"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
急性咽喉炎@大多数的咽炎仅局限于咽部，但偶有咽炎是全身感染的一部分（如传染性单核细胞增多症、土拉菌病、HIV感染）。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "咽炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "急性咽喉炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病部位",
"subject": "急性咽喉炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "咽部"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "咽炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "传染性单核细胞增多症"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "土拉菌病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "HIV感染"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
现分述病毒性心肌炎各期主要症状、体征。 （三）超声心动图 如有心力衰竭，左心室的舒张末期和收缩末期内径增大，缩短分数和射血分数减低，左心房内径增大。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "病毒性心肌炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "超声心动图"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "病毒性心肌炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "心力衰竭"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "心力衰竭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "左心室的舒张末期和收缩末期内径增大"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "心力衰竭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "缩短分数和射血分数减低"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "心力衰竭",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "左心房内径增大"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
慢性肾病@腹部平片有助于含钙肾结石的检测，是一种非特异性的检查方式。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "慢性肾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "含钙肾结石"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "含钙肾结石",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "腹部平片"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
}
] |
百日咳@ 在治疗百日咳时，阿奇霉素和克拉霉素较红霉素而言疗效相当，但更易耐受，且副作用更少、更轻。 百日咳@红霉素作为阿奇霉素和克拉霉素的备选药物。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "百日咳",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "阿奇霉素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "百日咳",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "克拉霉素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "百日咳",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "红霉素"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
（二）地方性甲状腺肿的诊断标准 居住在地方性低碘甲状腺肿病的流行区，有甲状腺肿大的临床表现及相关的压迫症状，排除甲状腺肿大的其他甲状腺疾病，实验室检查表现为尿碘偏低，血浆中TSH可有不同程度增高，血浆中T4、T3浓度多属于正常，但严重患者T4低于正常，T3稍高，甲状腺扫描也可见弥漫型或结节性甲状腺肿大。 （三）药物治疗 可通过碘化油的口服或注射来满足机体对碘的需要。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "多发地区",
"subject": "地方性甲状腺肿",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "地方性低碘甲状腺肿病的流行区"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "地方性甲状腺肿",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "甲状腺肿大"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "甲状腺肿大",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "尿碘偏低"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "甲状腺肿大",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血浆中TSH可有不同程度增高"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "甲状腺肿大",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "T4低于正常，T3稍高"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "甲状腺肿大",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "弥漫型或结节性甲状腺肿大"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "影像学检查",
"subject": "甲状腺肿大",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "甲状腺扫描"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "甲状腺肿大",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "碘化油"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
急性髓性白血病@### 定义 急性髓性白血病 (acute myeloid leukaemia, AML) 是一种由骨髓、外周血或髓外组织中髓样原始细胞克隆性扩增导致的疾病。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "急性髓性白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "acute myeloid leukaemia"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "急性髓性白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "AML"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理生理",
"subject": "急性髓性白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "由骨髓、外周血或髓外组织中髓样原始细胞克隆性扩增"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
}
] |
3.抗核抗体（ANA） ANA检测不能确定或排除JIA诊断。256例JIA患儿检测ANA阳性结果分析与发病年龄偏小、不对称性关节炎及虹膜睫状体炎的发生有关。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "JIA",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "ANA"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "发病年龄",
"subject": "JIA",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "年龄偏小"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "流行病学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "JIA",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "不对称性关节炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "JIA",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "虹膜睫状体炎"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "JIA",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "ANA阳性"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
产后抑郁症@情绪障碍问卷 是用于双相情感障碍筛查的最有效测试。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "筛查",
"subject": "双相情感障碍",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "情绪障碍问卷"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "产后抑郁症",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "双相情感障碍"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
慢性肾病@## 并发症 ### 查看全部 并发症 table 并发症 | 时间表 | 可能性 ---|---|--- ### 贫血 | 长期 | 高 CKD患者的贫血是由随GFR降低而出现的促红细胞生成素不足所导致的。 慢性肾病@[ 急性冠脉综合征 ](/topics/zh-cn/152) ### 蛋白质营养不良 | 存在差异 | 中 随着GFR下降，患者逐渐出现厌食、恶心、呕吐和蛋白质摄入不良。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "慢性肾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "蛋白质营养不良"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "并发症",
"subject": "慢性肾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "贫血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "蛋白质营养不良",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "厌食"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "蛋白质营养不良",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "恶心"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "蛋白质营养不良",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呕吐"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "蛋白质营养不良",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "蛋白质摄入不良"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病因",
"subject": "贫血",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "促红细胞生成素不足"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "CKD",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "慢性肾病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "慢性肾病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "急性冠脉综合征"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
2.血管性血友病 本病为常染色体显性遗传，少数为隐性遗传。实验室检查可见血小板数量和形态正常，出血时间（Ivy法）延长或阿司匹林耐量试验阳性，血小板黏附率、Ⅷ∶C降低或正常、APTT延长或正常，血小板对瑞斯托霉素诱导的聚集反应降低，vWF的抗原（vWF∶Ag）减低或正常（正常者需进一步检查是否变异型）。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "遗传因素",
"subject": "血管性血友病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "常染色体显性遗传"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "遗传因素",
"subject": "血管性血友病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "隐性遗传"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "血管性血友病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血小板对瑞斯托霉素诱导的聚集反应降低"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "血管性血友病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "阿司匹林耐量试验阳性"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "血管性血友病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "出血时间（Ivy法）延长"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
睾丸浸润：白血病细胞侵犯睾丸时即引起睾丸白血病（testis leukemia,TL),表现为睾丸局部肿大、触痛,阴囊皮肤可呈红黑色。 绿色瘤:是急性粒细胞白血病的一种特殊类型，以急性单核细胞白血病多见。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "绿色瘤"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "外侵部位",
"subject": "白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "睾丸"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "部位"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "睾丸白血病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "睾丸白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "testis leukemia"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "睾丸局部肿大"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "触痛"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "阴囊皮肤可呈红黑色"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "绿色瘤",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "急性粒细胞白血病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "同义词",
"subject": "睾丸白血病",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "TL"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "睾丸浸润",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "急性单核细胞白血病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
【缺陷类型】 HS的主要分子缺陷是维持红细胞形态的细胞骨架蛋白-收缩蛋白（spectrin，SP）和锚蛋白（ankyrin）异常。因此，常需早期进行光照治疗，严重者则需要换血，以防核黄疸的发生。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "HS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "光照治疗"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "HS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "换血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理生理",
"subject": "HS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "细胞骨架蛋白-收缩蛋白（spectrin，SP）和锚蛋白（ankyrin）异常"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "社会学"
}
},
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "核黄疸",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "HS"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "HS",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "细胞骨架蛋白-收缩蛋白（spectrin，SP）和锚蛋白（ankyrin）异常"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
心肌炎@[ 持续室性心动过速 ](/topics/zh-cn/537) ### 扩张型心肌病 | 存在差异 | 中 推测是由于原疾病过程进展而发生的。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "心肌炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "扩张型心肌病"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "鉴别诊断",
"subject": "心肌炎",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "持续室性心动过速"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
【临床表现】 DIC的病因虽有不同，但有如下四大临床表现： （一）出血 出血是DIC的最常见临床表现之一。 （二）休克 表现为末梢循环障碍、口唇肢端青紫厥冷、血压下降、呼吸表浅急促、少尿和无尿、烦躁、谵妄和昏迷。 | [
{
"Combined": true,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": "DIC",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "休克"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "休克",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "末梢循环障碍"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "休克",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "口唇肢端青紫厥冷"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "休克",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "血压下降"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "休克",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "呼吸表浅急促"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "休克",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "少尿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "休克",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "无尿"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "休克",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "烦躁"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "休克",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "谵妄"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "休克",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "昏迷"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "DIC",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "出血"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
妊娠胆汁淤积@## 诊断标准 ### 临床严重程度 轻型：升高的胆汁酸大于11μmol/L且小于40µmol/L 重型：升高的胆汁酸大于40µmol/L，凝血功能异常。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "妊娠胆汁淤积",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "轻型"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "妊娠胆汁淤积",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "重型"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "重型",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "升高的胆汁酸大于40µmol/L"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "重型",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "凝血功能异常"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "临床表现",
"subject": "轻型",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "升高的胆汁酸大于11μmol/L且小于40µmol/L"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "症状"
}
}
] |
肾病综合征按病因可分为原发性、继发性和先天性3种类型。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "肾病综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "原发性"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "肾病综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "继发性"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "病理分型",
"subject": "肾病综合征",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "先天性"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
HIV 感染@结果 可能为阴性或阳性 ### HLA-B*5701 检测 检查 结果 检查 应在开始 ART 前进行此项检查，以帮助选择最合适的方案。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "实验室检查",
"subject": "HIV 感染",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "HLA-B*5701 检测"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "检查"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "相关（导致）",
"subject": " ART ",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "HIV 感染"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "疾病"
}
}
] |
转移性乳腺癌@HER2-阴性：绝经前 – 首选 – 他莫昔芬和/或卵巢去势（手术或药物） #### 第一选择 [ 他莫昔芬 ](/druglink?dd=MARTINDALE) open_in_new : 20 mg，口服，每日一次，直至肿瘤出现进展 和/或 [ 卵巢去势 ](/druglink?dd=MARTINDALE) open_in_new : 手术或药物 绝经前女性患者应用他莫昔芬和/或卵巢去势治疗，直至疾病出现进展。 转移性乳腺癌@卵巢去势可通过手术（卵巢切除术）或药物（例如戈舍瑞林等促性腺激素类释放激素激动剂）进行。 | [
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "转移性乳腺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "他莫昔芬"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "辅助治疗",
"subject": "转移性乳腺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "卵巢去势（手术或药物）"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "其他治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "手术治疗",
"subject": "转移性乳腺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "卵巢切除术"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "手术治疗"
}
},
{
"Combined": false,
"predicate": "药物治疗",
"subject": "转移性乳腺癌",
"subject_type": "疾病",
"object": {
"@value": "戈舍瑞林"
},
"object_type": {
"@value": "药物"
}
}
] |
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