Court Opinion

ID: 4305336
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-08-20 16:00:23.628422+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:36:23.166318
License: Public Domain

Case: 1:17-cr-00517 Document #: 205 Filed: 08/17/18 Page 1 of 35 PageID #:833

SHORT RECORD
NO. 18-2792
FILED 08/17/2018
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     Case: 1:17-cr-00517 Document #: 9 Filed: 08/07/17 Page 1 of 1 PageID #:23

                     UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
          FOR THE Northern District of Illinois − CM/ECF LIVE, Ver 6.1.1.2
                                Eastern Division

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
                                         Plaintiff,
v.                                                       Case No.: 1:17−cr−00517
                                                         Honorable Michael T. Mason
Andrew Johnston
                                         Defendant.

                        NOTIFICATION OF DOCKET ENTRY

This docket entry was made by the Clerk on Monday, August 7, 2017:

       MINUTE entry before the Honorable Michael T. Mason:Detention hearing as to
Andrew Johnston held on 8/7/17. For the reasons stated in open court, the Court finds that
defendant is a danger to the community. Detention order to follow. Defendant shall
remain in custody until further order of the Court. Mailed notice. (rbf, )

ATTENTION: This notice is being sent pursuant to Rule 77(d) of the Federal Rules of
Civil Procedure or Rule 49(c) of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure. It was
generated by CM/ECF, the automated docketing system used to maintain the civil and
criminal dockets of this District. If a minute order or other document is enclosed, please
refer to it for additional information.
For scheduled events, motion practices, recent opinions and other information, visit our
web site at www.ilnd.uscourts.gov.
Case: 1:17-cr-00517 Document #: 10 Filed: 08/07/17 Page 1 of 2 PageID #:24
Case: 1:17-cr-00517 Document #: 10 Filed: 08/07/17 Page 2 of 2 PageID #:25
    Case: 1:17-cr-00517 Document #: 28 Filed: 08/21/17 Page 1 of 1 PageID #:120

                      IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE
                            NORTHERN DISTRICT OF ILLINOIS

United States of America,                      )
                                               )
                      Plaintiff,               )
                                               )
              v.                               )   No. 17 CR 517-1
                                               )
Andrew Johnston,                               )   Judge Rebecca R. Pallmeyer
                                               )
                                               )
                      Defendant.               )

                                           ORDER

       Motion hearing held on 8/21/2017. Defendant’s emergency notice of appeal is denied.
The Magistrate Judge’s decision to detain Mr. Johnston pending trial is adequately supported by
his substantial criminal record, a positive drug test, and the weight of evidence of a serious
offense committed soon after Mr. Johnston’s release from custody. Mr. Hill’s motion for leave to
withdraw as attorney [25] is entered and continued to be heard before Magistrate Judge Mason.
The case is remanded to Magistrate Judge Mason.

                                            ENTER:

Dated: August 21, 2017                      _________________________________________
                                            REBECCA R. PALLMEYER
                                            United States District Judge

(T:00:18)
     Case: 1:17-cr-00517 Document #: 36 Filed: 08/24/17 Page 1 of 1 PageID #:150

                       IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
                                     FOR THE
                          NORTHERN DISTRICT OF ILLINOIS
                                 EASTERN DIVISION

USA

Plaintiff

v.                                                     Case No. 17 CR 517
                                                       Judge Michael T. Mason
Andrew Johnston

Defendant

                                             ORDER

Motion hearing held on 8/24/17. The Court has been informed that this case has been indicted.
Accordingly, defendant’s motion for a preliminary examination hearing [11] is denied as moot.
The Court makes no finding on defendant’s request to reduce the CJA appointment of counsel to
stand by counsel [11]. Defendant’s petition to terminate CJA appointed counsel and proceed pro
se or with stand by counsel, for dismissal of criminal complaint and preliminary examination
hearing [17] is granted in part and denied in part. Defendant’s motion for pretrial release [18] is
denied without prejudice. Attorney Anthony W. Hill’s motion to withdraw as appointed counsel
[25] is granted.

(00:15)

Date: 8/24/2017
                                                     Michael T. Mason
                                                     United States Magistrate Judge
    Case: 1:17-cr-00517 Document #: 37 Filed: 08/25/17 Page 1 of 1 PageID #:151

                      IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE
                            NORTHERN DISTRICT OF ILLINOIS

United States of America,                       )
                                                )
                      Plaintiff,                )
                                                )
               v.                               )   No. 17 CR 517-1
                                                )
Andrew Johnston,                                )   Judge Rebecca R. Pallmeyer
                                                )
                                                )
                      Defendant.                )

                                            ORDER

        Arraignment held on 8/25//2017. Defendant informed of his rights. Defendant waives
his right to an attorney, but the court will appoint counsel through the Federal Defender Program
to act as stand by counsel. Defendant enters plea of not guilty to Count 1. 16.1 conference to be
held by or on 9/1/2017. Discovery materials to be provided to the defendant. Pretrial motions to
be filed by or on 9/15/2017. Status 9/20/2017 at 9:30 AM. Defendant to remain in custody
pending further proceedings. Excludable time to begin pursuant to 18:3161(h)(1)(D).          (X-E)

                                             ENTER:

Dated: August 25, 2017                       _________________________________________
                                             REBECCA R. PALLMEYER
                                             United States District Judge

(T:00:18)
     Case: 1:17-cr-00517 Document #: 66 Filed: 10/10/17 Page 1 of 1 PageID #:292

                      UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
           FOR THE Northern District of Illinois − CM/ECF LIVE, Ver 6.1.1.2
                                 Eastern Division

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
                                         Plaintiff,
v.                                                      Case No.: 1:17−cr−00517
                                                        Honorable Rebecca R. Pallmeyer
Andrew Johnston
                                         Defendant.

                         NOTIFICATION OF DOCKET ENTRY

This docket entry was made by the Clerk on Tuesday, October 10, 2017:

        MINUTE entry before the Honorable Rebecca R. Pallmeyer: as to Andrew
Johnston : Successive petition to dismiss the indictment [63] is denied without prejudice.
The government is expected to prove, at trial, that at the time of the charged robbery, the
bank's assets were insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. Should the
government fail to offer evidence sufficient for a jury finding on this issue, the court will
dismiss the indictment. Mailed notice. (etv, )

ATTENTION: This notice is being sent pursuant to Rule 77(d) of the Federal Rules of
Civil Procedure or Rule 49(c) of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure. It was
generated by CM/ECF, the automated docketing system used to maintain the civil and
criminal dockets of this District. If a minute order or other document is enclosed, please
refer to it for additional information.
For scheduled events, motion practices, recent opinions and other information, visit our
web site at www.ilnd.uscourts.gov.
 Case: 1:17-cr-00517 Document #: 102 Filed: 01/12/18 Page 1 of 1 PageID #:408

                    UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
          FOR THE Northern District of Illinois − CM/ECF LIVE, Ver 6.2.1
                               Eastern Division

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
                                        Plaintiff,
v.                                                     Case No.: 1:17−cr−00517
                                                       Honorable Rebecca R. Pallmeyer
Andrew Johnston
                                        Defendant.

                        NOTIFICATION OF DOCKET ENTRY

This docket entry was made by the Clerk on Friday, January 12, 2018:

        MINUTE entry before the Honorable Rebecca R. Pallmeyer: as to Andrew
Johnston: Status hearing and motion hearing held on 1/12/2018. As the 911 caller's
identification of Defendant's license plate is sufficient to establish probable cause, motion
to quash arrest and suppress evidence [91] is denied. Defendant's motion to compel
discovery or otherwise dismiss the indictment [101] is denied, as the government has
produced or will produce all available discovery. Status hearing set for 1/26/2018 at 10:00
AM. In the interest of justice, and for continued discovery, order excludable time to start
pursuant to 18:3161(h)(7)(A)(B). Mailed notice. (etv, )

ATTENTION: This notice is being sent pursuant to Rule 77(d) of the Federal Rules of
Civil Procedure or Rule 49(c) of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure. It was
generated by CM/ECF, the automated docketing system used to maintain the civil and
criminal dockets of this District. If a minute order or other document is enclosed, please
refer to it for additional information.
For scheduled events, motion practices, recent opinions and other information, visit our
web site at www.ilnd.uscourts.gov.
    Case: 1:17-cr-00517 Document #: 205 Filed: 08/17/18 Page 12 of 35 PageID #:844

                              UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
                              NORTHERN DISTRICT OF ILLINOIS
                                    EASTERN DIVISION

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA                         )
                                                 )
               v.                                )   No. 17 CR 517
                                                 )
ANDREW JOHNSTON                                  )   Judge Rebecca R. Pallmeyer

                                             ORDER

       Defendant Johnston’s motions [196, 197, 198, 199] are denied for the reasons stated here,
but the government is directed to furnish him promptly with a copy [128] of its response to his
amended motion to quash. The August 9, 2018 date set for hearing on these motions is stricken.

                                          STATEMENT

       As more fully described in a May 17, 2018 order [153], Defendant Andrew Johnston was
arrested on July 25, 2017, and has been charged with attempting to rob the Byline Bank in
Harwood Heights, Illinois. Mr. Johnston is proceeding pro se and has filed four motions.

Motion to Amend Judgment

       The first is a “motion to amend judgment and or reconsider.” No judgment has been
entered in this case, but Mr. Johnston interprets comments the court made at a July 9, 2018
conference as a ruling on his request for a jury instruction on the requirements for conviction
under the second paragraph of 18 U.S.C. § 2113(a), which Mr. Johnson believes he is entitled to
because it is a “lesser included offense” to the first paragraph. At the scheduled instructions
conference on August 2, however, the court concluded that the second paragraph of 18 U.S.C. §
2113(a) is not a “lesser included” offense to the first paragraph, and therefore sustained the
government’s objection to the instruction without prejudice.

        The court stands by that conclusion. One offense is not “necessarily included” in another
unless the elements of the lesser offense are a subset of the elements of the charged offense.
Schmuck v. United States, 489 U.S. 705, 716 (1989). Defendant Johnston has been charged
with violating the first paragraph of 18 U.S.C. § 2113(a), which prohibits the act of taking or
attempting to take property or money from a bank “by force and violence, or by intimidation.” In
a second paragraph, § 2113(a) prohibits entering or attempting to enter a bank “with intent to
commit” a felony or larceny. As the Seventh Circuit explained in United States v. Loniello, 610
F.3d 488, 491 (7th Cir. 2010): “Paragraph 1 [of § 2113(a)] requires proof of force or intimidation,
while ¶ 2 does not. Paragraph 2 requires proof of an actual or attempted entry of a bank, while ¶
1 does not.” Accordingly, after the defendants in Loniello were acquitted of violating paragraph 1
(because they did not use force or intimidation in attempting to rob a bank), the prosecutor did
not violate the double-jeopardy clause by charging them with violating paragraph 2. 1

1       The court specifically pointed out that defendants had not argued that § 2113(a) ¶ 2 is a
lesser included offense of § 2113(a) ¶ 1. Id. at 492. If the second paragraph of § 2113 were a
lesser included offense of the first paragraph, then a second prosecution of these defendants
would indeed have been a double-jeopardy violation. Id. at 491. (“If one statute creates a lesser
included offense of another, then the double jeopardy clause limits to one the number of
  Case: 1:17-cr-00517 Document #: 205 Filed: 08/17/18 Page 13 of 35 PageID #:845

        Defendant Johnston’s insistence that he is entitled to a lesser-included-offense instruction
in this case makes little sense; a conviction for violating paragraph 2 carries a twenty-year
sentence, the same penalty for violating paragraph 1. A defendant convicted of both offenses
can be sentenced to no more than one twenty-year term, Prince v. United States, 352 U.S. 322
(1957), but they are different offenses. If, as Johnston believes, the government cannot prove
that he engaged in “force and violence,” or “intimidation,” then the government will have failed to
prove an essential element of the crime charged, and he will be entitled to acquittal. See United
States v. Thornton, 539 F.3d 741 (7th Cir. 2008) (“the first paragraph of § 2113(a) requires actual
intimidation for a conviction,” so the district court’s failure to instruct the jury that it must find
intimidation requires that defendant’s conviction be vacated).

        Johnston is not entitled to a lesser-included-offense instruction. This court’s ruling on the
matter is not a “judgment,” nor is the court’s purported change of course on this issue a “manifest
error of law.” The motion [196] is denied.

Motion for Evidentiary Hearing

        Mr. Johnston’s second motion [197] seeks an evidentiary hearing on his motion to quash
his arrest. Mr. Johnston believes that an audio recording related to his arrest was “revealed to be
materially altered,” and that a video recording tendered by the government in March 2018
“revealed that the arresting officer did not in fact have a license plate number she was looking for
when she illegally seized defendant on July 25, 2018 [sic].” As the court understands the record,
the government was required to make some efforts to enhance the quality of the recording, but it
was not “materially altered.” The arresting officer may not have repeated the license plate number
dispatched to her, but this does not mean that she “did not have” such information when she
apprehended Mr. Johnston. If the court is mistaken, or if there are disputes of fact about these
matters warranting a hearing, either side is encouraged to point them out. The motion for an
evidentiary hearing [197] is denied without prejudice. As Mr. Johnston reportedly did not receive
a copy of the government’s response to his amended motion to quash, the government is directed
to provide him promptly with a copy of that filing [128].

Motion for Sanctions

        Mr. Johnston’s third motion [198] seeks sanctions against AUSA Tiffany Ardam. Mr.
Johnston cites Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 11 in support of this motion, but this proceeding is
governed by the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure. In any event, Ms. Ardam’s statement that
Mr. Johnston’s assertions are “baseless” and defeated by “cases and cases” is not sanctionable
conduct on this record. Ms. Ardam has not argued that Prince v. United States, 352 U.S. 322
(1957) is not controlling law; she instead asserts that the holding in that case does not dictate that
a “lesser included offense” instruction is appropriate in this one. Her arguments would not be
sanctionable even if the court were to rule in favor of Mr. Johnston on the instruction issue—which
it has not. The motion for sanctions [198] is denied.

Motion for Subpoena Power/Compulsory Process

        Mr. Johnston’s fourth motion [199] is labelled a “Motion for Subpoena Power/Compulsory
Process.” As best the court understands this motion, Mr. Johnston believes that “this Court is
privately instructing and/or blocking standby counsel . . . from serving subpoenas duces tecum

permissible prosecutions.”)

                                                  2
  Case: 1:17-cr-00517 Document #: 205 Filed: 08/17/18 Page 14 of 35 PageID #:846

. . . .” Mr. Johnston offers no support for this assertion, and it truly is baseless. The court has no
interest in interfering with any subpoenas. A subpoena functions as a court order, and the court
expects that all court orders will be honored conscientiously and promptly. The motion [199] is
denied.
                                                ENTER:

Dated:         August 7, 2018                  _________________________________________
                                               REBECCA R. PALLMEYER
                                               United States District Judge

                                                  3
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