Court Opinion

ID: 4245538
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-02-15 20:24:26.672528+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:43:41.339207
License: Public Domain

J-A26012-17

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

HERBERT, ROWLAND AND GRUBIC, INC.               IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                                      PENNSYLVANIA

                       v.

ROBERT D. TELLISH

                            Appellant                No. 385 MDA 2017

                Appeal from the Order Entered February 2, 2017
                In the Court of Common Pleas of Dauphin County
                    Civil Division at No(s): 2013-CV-4193-CV

BEFORE: BOWES, OLSON, AND RANSOM, JJ.

MEMORANDUM BY BOWES, J.:                        FILED FEBRUARY 15, 2018

       Defendant/Appellant Robert D. Tellish appeals from the order awarding

$130,873.06 in damages to Plaintiff/Appellee Herbert, Rowland and Grubic,

Inc. (“Herbert”).     Damages were awarded after summary judgment as to

liability was entered against Tellish on August 8, 2016.1 We affirm.

____________________________________________

1 Herbert suggests that this appeal is untimely since Tellish did not file an
appeal from the August 8, 2016 order. That order entered summary
judgment only on the issue of liability, and damages were not yet decided
after its entry. As the order in question was not final as to all issues before
the trial court, the remaining issue being the question of how much to award
Herbert, it was not a final appealable order. See Bolmgren v. State Farm
Fire & Cas. Co., 758 A.2d 689 (Pa.Super. 2000). This appeal was from the
final order entering a damages award, and Tellish is permitted to challenge
the propriety of any prior interlocutory orders, including whether summary
judgment was properly granted as to liability. Regis Ins. Co. v. All Am.
Rathskeller, Inc., 976 A.2d 1157, 1162 n.9 (Pa.Super. 2009)
(Footnote Continued Next Page)
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      On May 14, 2013, Herbert instituted this action against Tellish seeking

damages for breach of contract and injunctive relief.                   Herbert is a

Pennsylvania corporation providing these services on a statewide basis:

engineering and other professional services, including surveying, water

resources,    land   development,       oil    and   gas,   and   transportation   and

environmental services.        Tellish was employed by Herbert from April 21,

2008, until October 8, 2012, when he voluntarily resigned. While employed,

Tellish served as the Land Development Regional Service Group Manager

and then Director of Oil and Gas in Herbert’s Pittsburgh office, which is

located in Cranberry Township.

      As a condition of becoming Herbert’s employee, Tellish executed an

April 16, 2008 agreement containing, inter alia, a non-solicitation clause that

had an associated liquidated damages provision. The non-solicitation clause

prohibited Tellish from directly or indirectly soliciting any person who had

been employed by Herbert during the twelve-month period preceding

Tellish’s separation from service with Herbert. After Tellish left Herbert, he

began to work for Larson Design Group (“Larson”), an engineering company

(Footnote Continued) _______________________

(“Interlocutory orders not subject to immediate appeal as of right may be
reviewed in a subsequent appeal of a final appealable order or judgment.”);
Bird Hill Farms, Inc. v. United States Cargo & Courier Service, Inc.,
845 A.2d 900, 903 (Pa.Super. 2004) (“Once an appeal is filed from a final
order, all prior interlocutory orders are subject to review.”).

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and direct competitor of Herbert. Tellish established and became manager

of an office in Cranberry Township for Larson, which, prior to Tellish’s

employment with it, had no presence in the Pittsburgh area.

       Herbert’s position in this lawsuit was that, after Tellish opened the

Pittsburgh office for Larson, he violated the non-solicitation agreement by

indirectly or directly recruiting seven employees of Herbert to work for

Larson in the Pittsburgh area.             Two of the employees were directly

supervised by Tellish when Tellish worked for Herbert, and all were

employed      by   Herbert    within    the    twelve   months   preceding   Tellish’s

termination of employment.

       In response to the complaint, Tellish filed an answer, new matter, and

counterclaim. In the counterclaim, Tellish averred that he did not receive a

bonus compensation award that he earned as outlined in a June 6, 2011

compensation plan agreement. Herbert responded to the counterclaim, and,

after the pleadings were closed, the trial court entered a March 20, 2015

scheduling order,2 which set forth that the deadline for completing discovery

was May 5, 2015, the deadline for dispositive motions was May 20, 2015,

and trial was scheduled for the September 2015 trial term.
____________________________________________

2Tellish originally was represented by counsel, whom Tellish fired, and, after
advising Tellish to seek new legal representation, counsel withdrew with
Tellish’s consent in January 2015. Tellish was thereafter served personally
with all court filings.

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      On May 20, 2015, Herbert filed a motion for summary judgment.

Accompanying      documents   established   that,   at   his   deposition,   Tellish

admitted that he executed the agreement containing the non-solicitation

clause, and that, after he left Herbert to work for Larson, seven other

Herbert employees began to work for Tellish’s new employer, including two

men who had been under Tellish’s direct supervision while he was working

for Herbert.     Herbert also produced deposition testimony indicating that

Tellish had indirectly solicited those employees to work for Larson.          As to

Tellish’s counterclaim, Herbert provided documentation that Tellish had been

paid the bonus compensation in conformity with the terms of the bonus

incentive program. On September 9, 2015, Herbert filed a brief in support

of the motion for summary judgment. Appellant, although served with both

the motion and the brief, filed nothing in response.

      The parties then agreed to mediate this matter.           Mediation proved

unsuccessful, and, nearly one year later, on June 17, 2016, Herbert filed a

certificate of readiness, asking that its motion for summary judgment be

resolved.   Appellant was served with the certificate of readiness, but

continued to ignore the motion for summary judgment. On August 8, 2016,

Herbert was granted summary judgment as to the question of Tellish’s

liability to Herbert for violation of the non-solicitation agreement as well as

its liability to Tellish for the bonus. Appellant received a notice of the August

8, 2016 order.

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      On August 23, 2016, Herbert moved for a hearing, which was

scheduled for December 15, 2016.         Three days before that proceeding,

Tellish filed a pro se document entitled “Defendants [sic] Brief for

Determination of Damages,” which Herbert moved to strike. While the title

of that document indicated that it would relate to damages, Tellish’s

argument therein was confined to whether summary judgment as to liability

had   been   properly   entered   on   August   8,   2016,   and   his   attached

documentation, which consisted of deposition testimony of his Larson

business associates who had worked with him at Herbert, also pertained to

that question. At the hearing, the trial court refused to entertain Appellant’s

proffered evidence revisiting the liability issues resolved in the August 8,

2016 summary judgment ruling.

      Herbert then requested the award of liquidated damages outlined in

the agreement for breach of the non-solicitation clause.           Herbert also

demanded attorney fees and costs, which were permitted under the

contract, that Herbert incurred in this lawsuit to enforce the accord. Based

upon the outlined terms of the liquidated damages clause and Herbert’s

submission of billing statements from its attorney, the trial court awarded

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liquidated damages of $92,000, and attorney fees and costs of $38,873.06,3

for a total of $130,873.06.4          This appeal followed.   Tellish raises these

contentions on appeal:

              A. Did the lower court wrongfully grant the employer's
       motion for summary judgment where there existed material
       disputed facts that should have been presented to a trier of
       facts?

             B. Whether the trial judge abused its discretion and
       committed an error of law in denying the Appellant from
       presenting salient evidence during the hearing and newly
       discovered evidence?

Appellant’s brief at 6.

       The trial court can enter summary judgment when the record

“demonstrates that there is no genuine issue of material fact and that the

moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.”               Truax v.

Roulhac, 126 A.3d 991, 996 (Pa.Super. 2015) (citation omitted). Our

standard of review of a court's grant of a motion for summary judgment is

well settled. “[A]n appellate court may reverse a grant of summary

judgment if there has been an error of law or an abuse of discretion. But
____________________________________________

3 The trial court did not award Herbert any attorney fees associated with its
defense of Tellish’s counterclaim, and confined its award to only those fees
incurred to enforce the non-solicitation clause.

4 The original damages award was entered on February 2, 2017, and
Appellant filed a timely appeal on March 2, 2017. The February 2, 2017
order contained an additional error in that it indicated that the total award
was $124,873.06, and, on February 10, 2017, the damages award was
amended to reflect the correct amount.

                                           -6-
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the issue as to whether there are no genuine issues as to any material fact

presents a question of law, and therefore, on that question our standard of

review is de novo. This means we need not defer to the determinations

made by the lower tribunals.” Id.

      Two rules of civil procedure relating to the grant of summary judgment

are implicated in this appeal. First, Rule 1035.2 states:

            After the relevant pleadings are closed, but within such
      time as not to unreasonably delay trial, any party may move for
      summary judgment in whole or in part as a matter of law

                  (1) whenever there is no genuine issue of any
            material fact as to a necessary element of the cause
            of action or defense which could be established by
            additional discovery or expert report, or

                  (2) if, after the completion of discovery
            relevant to the motion, including the production of
            expert reports, an adverse party who will bear the
            burden of proof at trial has failed to produce
            evidence of facts essential to the cause of action or
            defense which in a jury trial would require the issues
            to be submitted to a jury.

Pa.R.C.P. 1035.2. Next, Rule 1035.3, which outlines the nonmoving party’s

obligation to respond once a motion for summary judgment has been filed,

provides in relevant part:

            (a) Except as provided in subdivision (e), the adverse
      party may not rest upon the mere allegations or denials of the
      pleadings but must file a response within thirty days after
      service of the motion identifying

               (1) one or more issues of fact arising from
               evidence in the record controverting the evidence
               cited in support of the motion or from a challenge

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               to the credibility of one or more witnesses
               testifying in support of the motion, or

              (2) evidence in the record establishing the facts
              essential to the cause of action or defense which
              the motion cites as not having been produced.
            ....

           (d) Summary judgment may be entered against a
      party who does not respond.

            (e)(1) Nothing in this rule is intended to prohibit a court,
      at any time prior to trial, from ruling upon a motion for summary
      judgment without written responses or briefs if no party is
      prejudiced. A party is prejudiced if he or she is not given a full
      and fair opportunity to supplement the record and to oppose the
      motion.

            ....

Pa.R.C.P. 1035.3(a), (d), and (e) (emphases supplied).

      Tellish first maintains that there were disputed issues of material fact

that should have been resolved by a trier of fact when the summary

judgment was granted.        We disagree.     Herbert’s motion for summary

judgment had attached excerpts from deposition testimony establishing that

Tellish breached the non-solicitation agreement. Tellish never responded to

that motion at any point between its May 20, 2015 filing and August 8, 2016

grant, and cannot ex post facto create the existence of material facts by

presenting contrary proof that he did not provide to the trial court in a timely

manner, which leads to resolution of his second position.

      Specifically, Appellant faults the trial court for refusing to consider the

deposition testimony that he presented from his co-workers from Larson

                                      -8-
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who were employed at Herbert with him, and to revisit the August 8, 2009

ruling against him on the issue of liability. We note that this proof was not

submitted until December 12, 2016, over four months after summary

judgment was granted, and nineteen months after it was requested. As we

articulated in Devine v. Hutt, 863 A.2d 1160, 1169 (Pa.Super. 2004)

(citations omitted):

      Rules 1035.2 and 1035.3 of the Pennsylvania Rules of Civil
      Procedure place a duty upon the non-moving party to respond
      to a motion for summary judgment. Rule 1035.3(d) allows the
      court to enter judgment against a party who fails to respond to
      a motion for summary judgment, although the rule is not
      mandatory. Nevertheless, arguments not raised initially before
      the trial court in opposition to summary judgment cannot be
      raised for the first time on appeal.

Id.

      Devine relied upon Harber Philadelphia Ctr. City Office Ltd. v.

LPCI Ltd. P'ship, 764 A.2d 1100 (Pa.Super. 2000), where we held that the

two rules in question impose a clear duty on the nonmoving party to respond

to a request for summary judgment. While the Harber Court agreed that

Pa.R.C.P. 1035.3 does not require the trial court to grant summary

judgment, we concluded that the rule confers upon the trial court the

discretionary power to do so. This Court found that, when a party neglects

to raise grounds for relief in opposition to the grant of summary judgment,

that party cannot complain that the trial court erred in disregarding that

basis for refusing to grant summary judgment.

                                    -9-
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       In this case, the motion was filed on May 20, 2015, and Appellant did

not respond to it.       Herbert’s brief was filed on September 9, 2015, and

Appellant ignored it. Over one year later, on June 17, 2016, after mediation

failed, Herbert asked for a decision on the merits of the summary judgment.

Appellant filed nothing. The motion was granted August 8, 2016. Appellant

disregarded its entry.      Four months later, just days before the hearing on

damages, Appellant decided that he should be able to contest the grant of

summary judgment by presenting countervailing evidence as to his

solicitation of ex-employees of Herbert to come and work with him at

Larson. Appellant had a full and fair opportunity to supplement the record

and to oppose the motion. He chose to completely disregard every filing on

the issue from May 20, 2015, to December 12, 2016. Hence, we conclude

that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in refusing to consider

supplemental materials as to liability presented by Appellant on December

12, 2016, when the sole issue before the court by that time related to

damages.5

____________________________________________

5 While we recognize that Appellant was proceeding pro se when the motion
was filed, and he emphasizes his pro se status in seeking relief from his
plight by this court, we have clearly indicated that a “pro se litigant is not
absolved from complying with procedural rules.” Hoover v. Davila, 862
A.2d 591, 595 (2004) (citing Jones v. Rudenstein, 585 A.2d 520, 522
(Pa.Super. 1991)). While pro se pleadings are to be liberally construed,
Tellish never filed a pro se answer to the summary judgment motion.
Therefore, there was nothing to construe liberally.

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     Order affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 02/15/2018

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