Court Opinion

ID: 1075381
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-10-09 20:14:39.553898+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:06:50.598987
License: Public Domain

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                          WESTERN SECTION AT JACKSON
                  ______________________________________________

MEMPHIS PUBLISHING COMPANY,

        Plaintiff-Appellee,
                                                         Shelby Circuit No. 88448
Vs.                                                      C.A. No. 02A01-9803-CV-00082

CABLE CONNECTION, INC.,
ELIZABETH FORREST AKA LIZ
FORREST; AND DORIS J.
                                                    FILED
FORREST, ALIAS ELIZABETH
FORREST AKA LIZ FORREST,                             August 16, 1999

      Defendants-Appellants.           Cecil Crowson, Jr.
                                      Appellate Court Clerk
____________________________________________________________________________

                     FROM THE SHELBY COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
                      THE HONORABLE KAY S. ROBILIO, JUDGE

                                William R. Swain, Jr., of Cordova
                                         For Appellee

                                     Louis R. Lucas
                       Lucas, Thompson, Ryan & Sossaman of Memphis
                                      For Appellants

             REVERSED IN PART, AFFIRMED IN PART AND REMANDED

                                           Opinion filed:

                                                                 W. FRANK CRAWFORD,
                                                                 PRESIDING JUDGE, W.S.

CONCUR:

ALAN E. HIGHERS, JUDGE

DAVID R. FARMER, JUDGE
     Defendants/Appellants, Cable Connection, Inc., Elizabeth Forrest aka Liz Forrest, and

Doris J. Forrest alias Elizabeth Forrest aka Liz Forrest, appeal the order of the trial court granting

Plaintiff/Appellee’s, Memphis Publishing Company, motion to affirm the judgment of the
general sessions court.

       Appellee filed suit in the General Sessions Court of Shelby County against the Appellants

for failure to pay for advertising pursuant to a contract entered into by the parties. The contract

was signed by Cable Connection, Inc., a Tennessee corporation, and personally guaranteed by

Liz Forrest, president of Cable Connection, Inc., and Glenn Forrest. On June 9, 1997, the

general sessions court entered judgment in favor of the Appellee in the amount of $14,999.99

against Appellants. The Appellants appealed this judgment to the Circuit Court of Shelby

County, and they filed an answer asserting, inter alia, that proper service was not obtained on

any of the parties. They also filed a counterclaim contending, inter alia, that Appellee’s failure

to dismiss its complaint constituted a breach of the parties’ contract. The Appellee filed a

“Motion to Affirm Judgment of the General Sessions Court” wherein it asserted as a basis for

the motion that the Appellants have willfully failed to respond to interrogatories and request for

documents or to comply with the trial court’s October 1, 1997 order requiring them to properly

answer interrogatories and request to produce documents. The Appellee also filed a “Motion to

Dismiss Counter-Complaint and to Strike Other Pleadings Filed by Defendants.”

        On February 17, 1998, the trial court entered an order granting Appellee’s motions. The

order dismissed the counter-complaint and demand for jury trial and struck the other pleadings

of the Appellants. Finally, the order affirmed the judgment of the general sessions court against

the Appellants and recites that the order is a sanction for failure to respond to interrogatories and

to produce documents. This appeal ensued, and the Appellants present the following issues, as

stated in their brief, for our review:

                1. Where the record does not demonstrate service on any of the
                individual Defendants and where the Judgment reflects only
                service on a clerical employee not an officer, director or
                managing agent of the Defendant corporation, did either the Court
                of General Sessions or the Circuit Court have jurisdiction to enter
                a judgment?

                2. Where the Plaintiff secures an Order affirming the Judgment
                of the General Sessions Court primarily on the basis stated by the
                Court that the pro se Defendants failed to respond to a discovery
                request, and where the discovery in fact was responded to and that
                fact was not noted by the Circuit Court in its Order, should the
                Judgment be vacated and the case be remanded for trial to the
                Circuit Court of Shelby County?

        With regard to the service of process issue, the record before us consists of, first of all,

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a civil warrant issued December 16, 1996 against Cable Connection, Inc., Elizabeth Forrest aka

Liz Forrest, and Glenn Forrest.1 The return on the warrant states that after diligent search and

inquiry Cable Connection, Inc., Elizabeth Forrest, and Glenn Forrest were not to be found in

Shelby County. The record also contains another civil warrant issued April 16, 1997 against

Cable Connection, Inc., Elizabeth Forrest aka Liz Forrest, Glenn Forrest, and Doris Forrest alias

Elizabeth Forrest aka Liz Forrest. The return on this warrant states: “Served Laura Reece

Agent/Officer for Cable Connection.” There is another civil warrant issued April 21, 1997 but

file stamped April 16, 1997 in the record against the same individuals. The return on this

warrant states that it was served upon Elizabeth Forrest aka Liz Forrest.

        Appellants assert that proper service was not obtained on any of the parties. With regard

to Cable Connection, Inc., the Appellants assert that there is no proof in the record that Laura

Reece was an officer, director or agent of the corporation and, therefore, Cable Connection, Inc.

was not properly served. Appellants argue that because of defective service of process, the

judgment of the trial court is void.    With regard to Cable Connection, Inc., Tenn. R. Civ. P.

4.04(4) provides as follows:

                         4.04. Service Upon Defendants within the State -- The
                 plaintiff shall furnish the person making the service with such
                 copies of the summons and complaint as are necessary. Service
                 shall be made as follows:
                                  *              *               *
                         (4) Upon a domestic corporation, or a foreign corporation
                 doing business in this state, by delivering a copy of the summons
                 and of the complaint to an officer or managing agent thereof, or
                 to the chief agent in the county wherein the action is brought, or
                 by delivering the copies to any other agent authorized by
                 appointment or by law to receive service on behalf of the
                 corporation.

        “It is well settled that the officer’s return is regarded in law as the best evidence of the

fact it states, and the oath of an interested party is not sufficient in law to overcome such return.”

Royal Clothing Co. v. Holloway, 208 Tenn. 572, 574-575, 347 S.W.2d 491, 492 (1961). The

return on the civil warrant served on Cable Connection, Inc. stated: “Served Laura Reece

Agent/Officer for Cable Connection.” There is nothing in the record to effectively rebut the

conclusiveness of the officer’s return that Laura Reece was an agent/officer of Cable Connection,

Inc. Cable Connection, Inc. was properly served thereby giving the court jurisdiction over the

        1
            The Appellee took a non-suit as to Glenn Forrest.

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corporation.

       As for the other parties, the record is unrebutted that service was obtained on Elizabeth

Forrest aka Liz Forrest. Elizabeth Forrest and Doris Forrest are allegedly one and the same

person, and there is nothing in the record to rebut that they are not one and the same. In the

absence of any evidence to rebut the conclusiveness of the officer’s return, the Appellants were

properly served and before the court.

       With regard to the second issue, various sanctions against a party are provided for under

provisions of the Tennessee Rules of Civil Procedure when a party abuses the discovery process.

Lyle v. Exxon Corp., 746 S.W.2d 694, 698 (1988). The exercise of discretion by a trial court

in imposing such sanctions will not be disturbed on appeal in the absence of an affirmative

showing of an abuse of that discretion. Brooks v. United Uniform Co., 682 S.W.2d 913, 915

(Tenn. 1984); Roberts v. Blount Mem’l Hosp., 963 S.W.2d 744, 747 (Tenn. App. 1997).

       Individual sets of interrogatories and request for documents to Elizabeth Forrest aka Liz

Forrest, Doris Forrest aka Liz Forrest, and Cable Connection, Inc. were filed by the Appellee on

July 24, 1997. On September 17, 1997, the Appellee filed a “Motion of Plaintiff for Sanctions

for Failure to Serve Answers to Interrogatories and for Production of Documents” requesting the

trial court to dismiss the Appellants’ appeal from the general sessions court and to affirm the

judgment from that court. The trial court’s order affirming the general sessions judgment refers

to an order entered October 1, 1997, but this order is not in the record. Apparently, the

Appellants were ordered to respond to the interrogatories and request for documents. On

October 27, 1997, the Appellants filed an answer to the interrogatories and request for

production of documents on behalf of Cable Connection, Inc. and Liz Forrest. The February 17,

1998 order states in pertinent part:

               3. The Motion to Affirm the Judgment of the General Sessions
               Court is granted pursuant to the Order entered in this cause on
               October 1, 1997 because of the willful failure of the Defendants
               to respond to interrogatories and to produce documents requested
               of them pursuant to Rule 33 and 34, T.R.C.P. . . .

       Contrary to the trial court’s order, the Appellants did in fact respond to the discovery

request. Furthermore, regardless of the Appellee’s assertion that the Appellants’ answers to the

interrogatories were inadequate and evasive, there was no hearing to determine whether this was

the case. In the absence of such a finding and in light of the fact that the Appellants did respond

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to the interrogatories, the trial court abused its discretion in imposing this particular sanction on

the Appellants.

        Although Appellants have raised no issue concerning the trial court’s action in striking

the pleadings filed in the cause, we should point out that the trial court correctly struck all the

pleadings filed on behalf of the defendant, Cable Connection, Inc. The corporation cannot be

represented by a nonlawyer, and thus cannot act pro se. See Old Hickory Eng’g & Machine Co.

v. Henry, 937 S.W.2d 782, 785 (Tenn. 1996).

        Accordingly, the order of the trial court affirming the judgment of the general sessions

court is reversed and in all other respects is affirmed. The case is remanded for such further

proceedings as are necessary. Costs of appeal are assessed one-half against Appellants and one-

half against Appellee.

                                                        _________________________________
                                                        W. FRANK CRAWFORD,
                                                        PRESIDING JUDGE, W.S.

CONCUR:

____________________________________
ALAN E. HIGHERS, JUDGE

____________________________________
DAVID R. FARMER, JUDGE

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