Court Opinion

ID: 8599363
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-11-23 20:41:12.313362+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T16:55:08.018000
License: Public Domain

PER CURIAM:*
Luis Meraz-Sanchez appeals from his guilty-plea conviction for being found in the United States following a previous deportation. Meraz-Sanchez argues for the first time on appeal that 8 U.S.C. § 1326(b)(1) is unconstitutional because it permitted the sentencing judge to find, under a preponderance of the evidence standard, a fact that increased the statutory maximum sentence to which he otherwise would have been exposed. He thus contends that his sentence is invalid and argues that it should not exceed the two-year maximum term of imprisonment prescribed in 8 U.S.C. § 1326(a).
In Almendarez-Torres v. United States, 523 U.S. 224, 235, 118 S.Ct. 1219, 140 L.Ed.2d 350 (1998), the Supreme Court held that the enhanced penalties in 8 U.S.C. § 1326(b) are sentencing provisions, not elements of separate offenses. The Court further held that the sentencing provisions do not violate the Due Process Clause. Id. at 239-47. Meraz-Sanchez acknowledges that his argument is foreclosed by Almendarez-Torres, but asserts that the decision has been cast into doubt by Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466, 490, 120 S.Ct. 2348, 147 L.Ed.2d 435 (2000). He seeks to preserve his argument for further review.
Apprendi did not overrule Almendarez-Torres. See Apprendi, 530 U.S. at 489-90; *957United States v. Dabeit, 231 F.3d 979, 984 (5th Cir.2000). This court must follow Almendarez-Torres “unless and until the Supreme Court itself determines to overrule it.” Dabeit, 231 F.3d at 984 (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). Accordingly, Meraz-Sanchez’s first argument is foreclosed.
Meraz-Sanehez also asserts that the special written condition of supervised release prohibiting him from possessing a “dangerous weapon” must be stricken from the judgment of conviction because that condition was not orally pronounced at sentencing. His argument is foreclosed by this court’s opinion in United States v. Torres-Aguilar, 352 F.3d 934, 935-38 (5th Cir.2003), which was issued after Meraz-Sanchez submitted the instant appeal brief.
Accordingly, the district court’s judgment is AFFIRMED.

 Pursuant to 5th Cir. R. 47.5, the court has determined that this opinion should not be published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5th Cir. R. 47.5.4.