Court Opinion

ID: 9390649
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-04-28 05:07:44.929495+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:18:35.932737
License: Public Domain

If this opinion indicates that it is “FOR PUBLICATION,” it is subject to
                 revision until final publication in the Michigan Appeals Reports.

                           STATE OF MICHIGAN

                            COURT OF APPEALS

                                                                     UNPUBLISHED
In re J. THORNHILL, Minor.                                           April 27, 2023

                                                                     No. 362195
                                                                     Washtenaw Circuit Court
                                                                     Family Division
                                                                     LC No. 22-000026-NA

Before: JANSEN, P.J., and REDFORD and YATES, JJ.

PER CURIAM.

        The lawyer-guardian ad litem (LGAL) for the minor child, JT, appeals as of right the trial
court’s order dismissing a petition by the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) for
jurisdiction over JT and to terminate the parental rights of respondent-mother, a Florida resident.
On appeal, the LGAL argues that the trial court erred when it determined that it could not exercise
temporary emergency jurisdiction over the child and failed to communicate with JT’s home state
as required under the Uniform Child-Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act (UCCJEA), MCL
722.1101 et seq. We affirm.

                                 I. FACTUAL BACKGROUND

        In April 2022, mother and her one-year-old daughter, JT, arrived in Michigan from their
home in Florida to visit mother’s boyfriend. On April 26, 2022, JT was admitted to the hospital
with several life-threatening injuries after losing consciousness in the home. JT’s injuries included
broken ribs and a bruised rib, a Grade 5 liver laceration, an injury to her pancreas, a bruised face,
chin, and abdomen, and wounds on her leg. JT was intubated and required surgery. Hospital staff
reported suspected abuse and neglect to the DHHS. Mother explained JT had been “bear-hugging”
mother’s leg, mother “wiggled her leg” to get free to take a shower, and JT “let go and flew into
the tv stand.” Mother said that JT looked fine beforehand, but admitted that she did not check JT
for injuries. When mother got out of the shower, she found that JT “was cold to the touch and not
responding to stimuli, so she contacted 911.” On April 27, 2022, mother was arrested and charged
with first-degree child abuse. The DHHS contacted the Florida Department of Children and
Families to confirm that no active case concerning JT was pending there.

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        On April 29, 2022, JT’s father, who had joint legal and physical custody of JT,1 arrived in
Michigan not knowing when JT would be released from the hospital. On May 4, 2022, the DHHS
petitioned the trial court for removal of JT and for termination of mother’s parental rights. JT was
discharged from the hospital on May 6, 2022, and released to JT’s father, who took JT to Florida.
At the preliminary hearing, mother acknowledged that because Florida was JT’s home state, the
case was governed by the UCCJEA, and specifically MCL 722.1204. Mother argued that because
she was incarcerated on the filing date of the petition and JT’s legal father was present and had the
authority to provide care and custody for JT, no emergency existed, so the trial court did not have
jurisdiction to hear the matter.

        The DHHS and the LGAL asserted that the emergency continued to exist because mother
could post bond, be released, and return to Florida with her parental rights to JT intact. In other
words, mother continued to pose a threat to JT. The LGAL further insisted that the trial court was
obligated to contact Florida authorities to determine whether that state wanted to take jurisdiction
or instead defer to proceedings going forward in Michigan. That determination would dictate the
length of the trial court’s temporary emergency jurisdiction. At the preliminary hearing conducted
on June 24, 2022, the trial court agreed with mother, finding that the emergency was over because
JT was safe with her father in Florida. After the trial court determined that it lacked jurisdiction,
it dismissed the petition in an order issued on June 24, 2022. This appeal by the LGAL followed.

                                      II. LEGAL ANALYSIS

         The LGAL contends that the trial court abused its discretion when it decided that it did not
have temporary emergency jurisdiction to hear the case involving JT’s removal and dismissed the
petition. This Court reviews de novo questions of law as to whether the trial court has jurisdiction
under the UCCJEA. See Cheesman v Williams, 311 Mich App 147, 150; 874 NW2d 385 (2015).
Beyond that, this Court reviews the trial court’s decision regarding the exercise of that jurisdiction
for an abuse of discretion. Id. “An abuse of discretion occurs when the court chooses an outcome
that falls outside the range of reasonable and principled outcomes.” People v Unger, 278 Mich
App 210, 217; 749 NW2d 272 (2008). All issues of statutory construction are reviewed de novo.
Cheesman, 311 Mich App at 151.

        A trial court may not exercise jurisdiction under the UCCJEA if, at the time the proceeding
in Michigan is commenced, a child-custody proceeding is already in progress in a court of another
state that has jurisdiction in substantial conformity with the UCCJEA “unless that proceeding has
been terminated or is stayed by the court of the other state because a court of [Michigan] is a more
convenient forum under section 207 [i.e., MCL 722.1207].” MCL 722.1206(1). The term “child-
custody proceeding” refers to “a proceeding for divorce, separate maintenance, separation, neglect,
abuse, dependency, guardianship, paternity, termination of parental rights, and protection from
domestic violence, in which the issue may appear.” MCL 722.1102(d) (emphasis added).

        But according to the UCCJEA, a Michigan court “has temporary emergency jurisdiction if
the child is present in this state and the child has been abandoned or it is necessary in an emergency

1
  Florida court documents used the phrases “parenting plan” and “parental responsibility” rather
than custody, but granted mother and JT’s father the equivalent of joint physical and legal custody.

                                                 -2-
to protect the child because the child . . . is subjected to or threatened with mistreatment or abuse.”
MCL 722.1204(1). In this case, the DHHS and the LGAL asked for the trial court to exercise this
temporary emergency jurisdiction. Because of that request, coupled with the preexisting custody
determination rendered by a Florida court, the trial court in this case was required to “immediately
communicate with the court of the other state.” MCL 722.1204(4). But that communication never
occurred, even though the UCCJEA states that the purpose of such a communication is “to resolve
the emergency [and] protect the safety of the parties and the child[.]” Id. To be sure, the trial court
properly determined that JT’s home state was Florida. Further, the trial court correctly found that
a Florida court had already made a child-custody determination and that all parties still resided in
Florida. Finally, the trial court took note of the existing circumstances, including the placement
of the minor child with her father in Florida, and concluded that the threat of harm had passed, so
the trial court found that no emergency supported the exercise of jurisdiction under the UCCJEA,
MCL 722.1204(1).

        Although we conclude that the trial court erred by failing to communicate with the Florida
courts as required by MCL 722.1204(4), we nonetheless find that the trial court did not commit an
abuse of its discretion in deciding that the emergency had passed with the return of the minor child
to Florida with her father, so there was no basis for the exercise of jurisdiction under the UCCJEA,
MCL 722.1204(1). Mother was already detained when the trial court dismissed the case, and she
ultimately entered a plea to a felony charge of child abuse in the second degree, MCL 750.136b(3).
For that crime, mother was sentenced to serve a prison term of 18 months to 10 years in the custody
of the Michigan Department of Corrections, and her earliest possible date of release is October 25,
2023. Thus, the trial court correctly concluded that any “temporary emergency” that could support
jurisdiction under the UCCJEA, MCL 722.1204(1), had passed. Because the trial court lacked any
basis to exercise temporary emergency jurisdiction over the minor child, the trial court acted well
within its discretion in dismissing this case.

       Affirmed.

                                                               /s/ Kathleen Jansen
                                                               /s/ James Robert Redford

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