Court Opinion

ID: 3097066
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-10-16 04:42:15.558145+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:26:57.187962
License: Public Domain

NUMBER 13-11-00468-CR

                                    COURT OF APPEALS

                          THIRTEENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS

                             CORPUS CHRISTI - EDINBURG

JOSHUA ADAM LEWIS,                                                                      Appellant,

                                                  v.

THE STATE OF TEXAS,                                                                      Appellee.

                      On appeal from the 413th District Court
                           of Johnson County, Texas.

                                MEMORANDUM OPINION1

     Before Chief Justice Valdez and Justices Rodriguez and Garza
               Memorandum Opinion by Chief Justice Valdez
        Appellant, Joshua Adam Lewis, was convicted of one count of aggravated

assault with a deadly weapon against a public servant, a first-degree felony and one

count of injury to a child, a third-degree felony.              See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. §§

        1
         This case is before the Court on transfer from the Tenth Court of Appeals in Waco pursuant to a
docket equalization order issued by the Supreme Court of Texas. See TEX. GOV'T CODE ANN. § 73.001
(West 2005).
22.02(a)(2), (b)(2)(B), (c) (West 2011), 22.04 (West Supp. 2011); see also id. §

22.01(a)(2) (West 2011). Appellant was sentenced to sixty-seven years’ confinement

for the aggravated assault of a public servant offense and ten years’ confinement for the

injury to a child offense.    By three issues, appellant challenges his conviction for

aggravated assault of a public servant.          Specifically, appellant contends that the

evidence is insufficient, the trial court abused its discretion when it did not allow him to

publish an exhibit in its entirety, and the trial court erroneously admitted evidence of an

extraneous offense. We affirm.

                                   I.     THE EVIDENCE

       Carol Brandy Lewis, appellant’s wife, stated that on January 3, 2010, she began

arguing with appellant about statements he made about her mother and deceased

father. Appellant then asked the children if they “had his back,” and one of the children

responded in a negative manner and appellant allegedly became enraged and charged

toward the child. Brandy testified that after she and the children retreated outside,

appellant attempted to hit her with a bat. According to Brandy, another one of her

children, a ten-year old boy, jumped on appellant, and appellant threw him against a

vehicle and punched him two times in the face. Brandy and the children escaped by

getting a ride from a passer-by. Brandy’s son managed to call 911.

       Deputy Justin Smith with the Johnson County Sheriff’s Office testified that he

was the first officer to respond to the 911 call. When he arrived, he saw appellant run

out of the house yelling threats and obscenities. Deputy Smith stated that appellant

also threw pole-like objects at him.

       Deputy Smith described appellant as “very hostile, very aggressive, running

towards me, using profane language towards me and such.” Deputy Smith elaborated
                                             2
that appellant stated he was “going to kick [his] rear end, basically things like that.”

According to Deputy Smith, appellant said, “he would put one in between [his]

eyes . . . .” and “he would make [Deputy Smith’s] mom wish [he] was never born . . . .”

When the State asked whether he believed appellant was capable of carrying out his

threats, Deputy Smith replied, “With those threats, I mean, to me that’s, you know, he’s

going to try to shoot us or, you know, use some type of deadly force against us.”

         Deputy Smith testified that appellant eventually stated that he was going to get a

gun and then ran back into the home. The other officers then arrived at the scene,

including Deputy Jared Fuller.      Deputy Fuller drove his vehicle to the back of the

residence to secure the perimeter. According to Deputy Smith, the following occurred:

         As [Deputy Fuller] gets around back, the front window [of appellant’s
         residence] was wide open. There was nothing blocking the view through
         the house. You could see [appellant] walking around. And then right
         around the time Fuller gets around back, I see [appellant] running out the
         back door. And I get on the radio, advise Deputy Fuller he’s running
         towards the back. And then at that time we start making our way towards
         the back. And you hear Deputy Fuller yelling, “Drop the weapon, drop the
         weapon, drop it now.” And then we heard a loud pop.

               ....

         I saw Deputy Fuller by his patrol car. I saw [appellant] laying on the
         ground moaning. At that point, I walked over to him. . . . I reholstered my
         weapon. And that’s when I secured [appellant] in handcuffs. There was
         also a—one of the—there was a weapon there, a bat or something, that
         he had came at Fuller with. And I just grabbed it and threw it out [of] the
         way so it wouldn’t be in his proximity.

Appellant was taken to the hospital with a gun-shot wound. Deputy Smith went to the

hospital. The State asked, over appellant’s objection, “When you were at the hospital

with [appellant], did he make any statements or comments to you?” Deputy Smith

replied, “Yes, sir. . . . He made the statement that whoever shot him, the Aryan will

know.”
                                             3
      The trial court then admitted a copy of the video taken on the day of appellant’s

arrest by Deputy Smith’s in-car video recorder. A portion of the video was then played

in open court.

      Deputy Fuller testified that he was dispatched to the scene of the family

disturbance. According to Deputy Fuller, after hearing the “radio traffic,” he believed

that Deputy Smith was being assaulted with a weapon. Deputy Fuller stated that when

he arrived at the scene, he was told that appellant had a weapon. Deputy Fuller was

asked to secure the back of the residence, so he positioned his vehicle at the rear of the

residence to secure any possible exits. Deputy Fuller explained:

      I had been told that—or I heard over the radio that the subject had a gun
      and he was coming out the backside of the residence. This—coming
      around the residence, my driver’s side of my patrol vehicle was facing the
      residence. So, if somebody came out the residence with a firearm and
      started putting rounds at my patrol vehicle, would not give me much cover.
      So I immediately spun my vehicle in a [sic] 180 degrees to put some metal
      in between me and any rounds coming down range at me. Upon putting
      my vehicle in park, I rolled out the driver door and positioned my shotgun
      at the back door of the residence.

             ....

      I was right at the back door, I believe, because I remember hearing the
      radio traffic and I became very frightened.

             ....

      Well, as I was—positioning my patrol vehicle, I observed the back door
      open. I exited my patrol vehicle and took aim at the back door and began
      giving the male subject at the back door verbal commands.

             ....

      Well, I observed that he had an object in his hand which I believed to be a
      weapon. And at first being told that he had a firearm, I began giving him
      commands to drop the gun, drop the gun, drop the gun. And it basically
      just became a shouting match between us. I continued telling him drop
      the weapon, drop the weapon, drop the weapon. And he refused to
      comply.
                                            4
               ....

       We exchanged yells, and he approached me in a very rapid manner. And
       I continued giving him verbal commands . . . . None of which were
       heeded. And I believed that I was going to be assaulted with said weapon
       which is made to cause serious bodily injury or death, and I discharged
       one round from my Remington 870 shotgun into the subject’s chest.

According to Deputy Fuller, the entire episode occurred very fast.                       On cross-

examination, he agreed that it occurred within several seconds. A portion of the tape

recorded on Deputy Fuller’s in-car video camera was played for the jury.2

       Deputy Fuller clarified that while appellant ran at him, he soon realized that

appellant’s weapon was not a gun. Deputy Fuller thought at the time that the weapon

was a machete or a similar type weapon. Deputy Fuller stated, “Well the entire time he

came straight at me at a dead run. No matter where I moved, he changed his direction

straight at me. So the more I moved, the more he changed his direction until I ran out

of, you know, ran out of room and I had no—no—I’m sorry, I had nowhere else to go.”

Deputy Fuller later explained that appellant was running at him at a “dead sprint” and

that “it would be an imminent collision point no matter where [he] went because

[appellant] continued changing the direction directly at [him].              So no matter where

[Deputy Fuller] went [appellant] continued to run and [kept] going through [Deputy

Fuller], [appellant] would have ran right over the top of [him].” On cross-examination,

Deputy Fuller explained that he was attempting to retreat from appellant, but that he

also had to ensure that the public was safe. Deputy Fuller stated, “And I don’t know if it

makes sense to you, but when you’re trying to get away from something or someone

       2
         The record shows that although the tape was approximately an hour and a half long, only seven
minutes were played.

                                                  5
that you know is about to hurt you, you’ll do anything you possibly can to protect

yourself . . . .”

        Deputy Fuller testified that when he shot appellant, he believed that appellant

was about to strike him in the head with the weapon. Deputy Fuller stated that he was

in a squatting position preparing to be hit with the weapon when he shot appellant. On

cross-examination, Deputy Fuller elaborated, “I just hunkered down. I squatted straight

down. I was still on my feet. I just bent my legs and squatted and got as low as I could

possibly go.” Deputy Fuller demonstrated appellant’s stance for the jury, stating, “If I’m

directly in front of him, he had gone from a running position such as this, reared back

with the instrument over his head and was in a downward swing. So he was right about

here.” On cross-examination, Deputy Fuller stated:

        At first I didn’t know what a man running directly at me with a weapon in
        his hand was doing with a person pointing a loaded weapon at him.
        During the course of his running straight at me, he would take a hopping
        crow step, rear back. I would duck as I was continuing to retreat
        backwards. And then he would just continue running. It’s like he would
        almost not miss a beat. He was running, would take a crow step, rear
        back, and then just start running when I ducked behind my car.

Deputy Fuller realized after he shot appellant that the object appellant used was a club,

and he believed the object “would have seriously hurt [him].” Deputy Fuller expected to

be struck by the club even after he shot appellant. On cross-examination, Deputy Fuller

stated, “[B]y the time I shot him, I believe he was going to crack my skull wide open with

[the club].”

        Deputy Fuller identified State’s exhibit 12 as the object wielded by appellant.

Deputy Fuller said, “This club is capable, designed and fashioned as a weapon. It’s a

blunt instrument that is meant to inflict bodily injury, serious bodily injury or death.”

                                            6
Deputy Fuller believed that the sole purpose of the object was to inflict harm to

somebody.

      Deputy Fuller stated that he was relieved when he arrived at the scene and

discovered that Deputy Smith had not been injured. When asked what was “going

through” his mind as appellant was approaching him, Deputy Fuller responded:

      Well, it was kind of a surreal experience, but I remember the thoughts
      keep going around and around in my mind, “I don’t want to do this, I don’t
      want to do this, I don’t want to do this, I don’t want to be here.” And then,
      “This is going to happen.” And I discharged my firearm, and as soon as
      my mind reset, the first thing went through my mind is, “That just
      happened.” And then I completely reset, ejected the spent cartridge out of
      my firearm, racked a new one in, and continued giving verbal commands
      to [appellant].

             ....

      I just didn’t want to shoot him. I didn’t want to kill anybody that day. You
      know, one, you never really want to kill anybody, and you try to prepare
      yourself for it . . . .

             ....

      I was in fear that I would be killed, seriously injured or maimed. I was
      afraid that I wouldn’t see my children that night.

      On re-direct examination, Deputy Fuller described his state of mind as follows:

“Immediately after I was, I believe, in shock. I was in fear, and I remained in shock for

approximately three days before everything came full circle and actually hit and set

in. . . . I was afraid before I pulled the trigger.” When asked why he felt like appellant

was threatening him with imminent bodily injury, Deputy Fuller replied:

      Well, the call itself was already reported as violence, and somebody that
      will harm family members will not hesitate to harm others. It’s your job to
      get there, separate and detain. And, you know, the fact that assault’s
      already been recorded or reported, felony assault at that. The subject
      approaches me, who is slightly bigger and armed with a weapon, and
      already irate, made verbal statements to kill me. I believe still to this day I
      have no doubt in my mind that he intended to kill me.
                                            7
             ....

      His intentions at that time were to cause me serious bodily injury.

      Wayne H. Lewis, appellant’s unrelated neighbor, testified that he observed

Deputy Fuller’s vehicle enter appellant’s back yard and heard someone ask appellant to

come out of the residence with his hands up. Lewis explained:

      Then when the officer stopped his car and opened the door, a man run out
      the back door. And like I say, I was like, I don’t know where he can go.
      There’s nothing but fence there. But as he ran, the deputy moved to the
      back of the car, and then the man made a left turn, headed right for him,
      so he was headed right for the officer the whole time.

             ....

      When [the officer] got out of the car, he stepped out and grabbed his
      shotgun and looked up. And the man was running after him, so he moved
      to the back of the police car right there and took a stance on the—at the
      back of the car and hollered for him to stop.

             ....

      And that’s when the Defendant made a left curve running at the officer.
      So he was—looked to me like he was going to run around this side to get
      him at first, but then when he retreated back here he made a left.

Lewis stated that he had no doubt that appellant was “going after the deputy.” Lewis

saw Deputy Fuller shoot appellant. According to Lewis, if Deputy Fuller had waited

another second to shoot his weapon, appellant “would have been all over him.” Lewis

testified that the entire episode was “[p]retty quick” and appellant was at a “dead run.”

Lewis could not tell whether appellant had anything in his hands.

      Anthony Bradford, a Texas Ranger, testified that he investigated the shooting.

Ranger Bradford stated that based on the investigation, the department concluded that

“Deputy Fuller reasonably believed that the force he used was immediately necessary

to defend himself from serious bodily injury or death.” Ranger Bradford believed based
                                           8
on his training and experience that Deputy Fuller’s use of force in this case was

justified. According to Ranger Bradford, based on his review of the evidence, he would

not have waited as long as Deputy Fuller did to shoot appellant. When the State asked

if, based on his experience and training, he believed that Deputy Fuller was in imminent

fear of bodily injury when he discharged his weapon, Ranger Bradford replied, “I think

any reasonable person that watches the video will come to that conclusion. That’s not

based on any training I’ve had.” Ranger Bradford agreed that the object that appellant

allegedly used during the episode with Deputy Fuller was capable of causing death or

serious bodily injury to an individual.

       Arthur L. Raines, M.D., a former medical examiner, testified that he is a

pathologist and has a medical license to practice in California and Texas.            After

inspecting the object that appellant allegedly used during the incident with Deputy

Fuller, Dr. Raines opined that the object could be used as a deadly weapon. When

asked if the object could cause a deadly blow, Dr. Raines said, “Yes, sir, especially if

they struck them on the side of the head and on the side of the skull.” Dr. Raines stated

that in his opinion the object was a deadly weapon.

                                 II.      LEGAL SUFFICIENCY

       By his first issue, appellant contends that the State failed to prove that appellant

“placed [Deputy] Fuller in imminent danger.” Specifically, appellant argues that he was

six to eight feet away and not holding a gun; therefore, he was not a real threat to the

person he was approaching. We construe appellant’s argument as challenging whether

he threatened Deputy Fuller with imminent bodily injury. See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. §

22.02(a)(2), (b)(2)(B), (c); see also id. § 22.01(a)(2).

A.     Standard of Review and Applicable Law
                                              9
       In a sufficiency review, we examine the evidence in the light most favorable to

the verdict to determine whether any rational fact-finder could have found the essential

elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt. Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307,

319 (1979); Brooks v. State, 323 S.W.3d 893, 898–99 (Tex. Crim. App. 2010). The fact-

finder is the exclusive judge of the facts, the credibility of witnesses and of the weight to

be given testimony. Brooks, 323 S.W.3d at 899. We must resolve any evidentiary

inconsistencies in favor of the judgment. Id.

       We measure the legal sufficiency of the evidence by the elements of the offense

as defined by a hypothetically correct jury charge. Coleman v. State, 131 S.W.3d 303,

314 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 2004, pet. ref’d) (citing Malik v. State, 953 S.W.2d 234,

240 (Tex. Crim. App. 1997)). A person commits aggravated assault when he commits

assault as defined in section 22.01 of the penal code while using or exhibiting a deadly

weapon. TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 22.02(a)(2). A person commits assault as defined in

section 22.01(a)(2) if he intentionally or knowingly threatens another with imminent

bodily injury. Id. § 22.01(a)(2). Aggravated assault is a first-degree felony if the actor

commits the offense against a person the actor knows is a public servant while the

public servant is discharging an official duty. Id. § 22.02(b)(2)(B). If the person was

wearing a distinctive uniform or badge, the actor is presumed to have known the

assaulted person was a public servant. Id. § 22.02(c).

B.     Analysis

       Here, Deputy Fuller testified that he attempted to retreat from appellant, but

appellant continued chasing him until Deputy Fuller was unable to get away from

appellant.   According to Deputy Fuller, appellant refused to heed Deputy Fuller’s

commands to drop his weapon. Deputy Fuller said that appellant ran at him at full
                                             10
speed with a club in his hand and did not stop until he shot appellant. Evidence was

presented that when appellant charged at Deputy Fuller, he raised his arm and

appeared to be preparing to strike Deputy Fuller with the club.

        Deputy Fuller stated that he was in fear for his life and believed that appellant

would strike him in the head with the club. Deputy Fuller said that he “hunkered down”

in anticipation of being hit with the club. Deputy Fuller thought that appellant was going

to strike him even after he shot appellant. Deputy Fuller was afraid that appellant would

kill him and that he would not go home to his children that night. Deputy Fuller believed

that appellant was about to assault him with the club because the situation involved a

family disturbance, appellant had already assaulted his family member, appellant

approached him with a weapon, appellant was irate, and appellant stated that he would

kill Deputy Fuller. Deputy Fuller had no doubt that appellant intended to kill him with the

club.

        Lewis had no doubt that appellant was “going after” Deputy Fuller. Lewis stated

that had Deputy Fuller waited another second to shoot appellant, appellant would have

“been all over him.”     Ranger Bradford determined that “Deputy Fuller reasonably

believed that the force he used was immediately necessary to defend himself from

serious bodily injury or death,” and concluded that the use of a shotgun was justified in

this case. Ranger Bradford stated that a reasonable person who viewed the video of

the incident would conclude that Deputy Fuller was in imminent fear of bodily injury

when he discharged his weapon. Evidence was presented that the club was capable of

causing serious bodily injury or death.

        After viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict, we conclude

that a reasonable fact-finder could have found that appellant threatened Deputy Fuller
                                            11
with imminent bodily injury. See Jackson, 443 U.S. at 319; Brooks, 323 S.W.3d at 898–

99. Thus, the evidence is sufficient. We overrule appellant’s first issue.

                               III.   EXCLUSION OF VIDEO EXCERPT

       By his second issue, appellant contends that the trial court abused its discretion

when it did not allow him to publish the entire video tape recorded by Deputy Fuller’s in-

car video camera. Appellant states that although the video was admitted in its entirety,

only an excerpt was played in open court. Thus, appellant argues that the trial court

erred by denying his request to play the entire video under the rule of optional

completeness.     See TEX. R. EVID. R. 107 (“When part of an act, declaration,

conversation, writing or recorded statement is given in evidence by one party, the whole

on the same subject may be inquired into by the other, and any other act, declaration,

writing or recorded statement which is necessary to make it fully understood or to

explain the same may also be given in evidence, as when a letter is read, all letters on

the same subject between the same parties may be given.”).                In the alternative,

appellant argues that because the video was admitted “for all purposes,” the trial court

had no discretion to play only a portion of it in open court.

       At trial, appellant did not request that the trial court play the entire video pursuant

to the rule of optional completeness. Therefore, this issue has not been preserved for

our review. See TEX. R. APP. P. 33.1 (requiring that the party state the grounds for his

objection in order to preserve a complaint for appellate review).

       Next, appellant claims that the trial court had no discretion concerning whether to

play the entire video. Appellant points to no authority, and we find none, requiring a trial

court to play the video in its entirety if the trial court determines it is not relevant.

Nonetheless, at trial, after the State played the portion of the video capturing appellant’s
                                             12
actions and the shooting, appellant asked for the remainder of the video to be played.

The trial court asked appellant to explain the relevance of a video of events occurring

after the shooting.    Appellant stated that the video would show inconsistencies in

Deputy Fuller’s testimony regarding whether he believed that appellant had a machete.

Appellant argued that Deputy Fuller testified that after the shooting he realized that

appellant had a club and not a machete, but that on the video, it appears that Deputy

Fuller believed it was a machete even after the shooting occurred.         The following

exchange then occurred:

      [Trial Court]:       Okay. How about this? And I’m asking at this point.
                           Would it make since [sic] or be acceptable to the
                           Defense to reserve the right to request to play the rest
                           of this tape at a later point after some evidence has
                           come up that puts something in a relevant time frame.

      [Trial Counsel]:     Absolutely, because I could just reserve him subject
                           to recall.

      [Trial Court]:       I mean, let’s assume that other testimony from the
                           State’s witnesses cast further shadows on some
                           event or diagram or crime scene or—and you wish to
                           show that, show the inconsistency, at that point, could
                           you recall this deputy at that point?

      [Trial Counsel]:     Yes, I could recall him.

      [Trial Court]:       Would that be acceptable to you as opposed to doing
                           it first thing in the morning? Because I’m not sure that
                           you’ll—you know, I would have to see from the other
                           witnesses why that becomes relevant.             In the
                           meantime, I would be happy to listen to the audio
                           outside the presence of the Jury. I can listen to it
                           tonight if I need to.

      [Trial Counsel]:     Again, yeah, I would—I think I’m going to request—
                           I’m going to have to request that we play it in its
                           entirety at some point, but I can certainly—there are
                           some photographs I believe I would like to introduce
                           at some point that might—that would conflict with his
                           diagram here and his perception of the events as they
                                           13
                   are. And I think that as a whole coupled with his story
                   that he told either today and back right after the event
                   occurred, I think it’s something that’s—I think it’s
                   something the Jury ought to consider. I think they
                   ought to have the opportunity to consider all that.
                   This is a first degree felony offense and—

                   ....

[Trial Counsel]:   I’ll reserve my right to call him at a later point in time,
                   and I’ll let the State proceed with their case and these
                   issues—

[Trial Court]:     Are there any other questions you wish to ask him
                   tomorrow morning other than playing the other hour
                   and a half of the video?

[Trial Counsel]:   There might be a few. I’ve got a few.

[Trial Court]:     Do you want to think about it and let me know in the
                   morning?

[Trial Counsel]:   All right. That’s fine.

[Trial Court]:     And think about if you want to raise your argument to
                   play the audio in the morning, and I’ll think about it
                   overnight, and then I’ll listen to that argument when
                   I’m fresh in the morning as opposed to right now.

[Trial Counsel]:   That’s fine. And if you want to take the video and
                   listen to the rest of it, you can, but I feel like that’s
                   something that needs to be played because it
                   happened so—it happened right after the event
                   occurred, and I believe a man’s statements right after
                   the event occurred are going to be more accurate.
                   And if there are any inconsistencies, I think the Jury
                   ought to be able to consider that as well.

[Trial Court]:     Yeah, I understand. The inconsistency that I think
                   would be relevant is that he says, well, he was—if it
                   turned out he wasn’t charging the deputy or wasn’t
                   running at the deputy or I had no weapon at all, but an
                   inconsistency with the perception of what the weapon
                   was as opposed to what it turned out to be doesn’t
                   really make much sense to me. And there’s nothing
                   in the testimony so far to suggest that your client did
                   anything other than charge the deputy, charge at the
                                    14
                                deputy with something in his hand that turned out to
                                be a stick instead of a machete or a gun, but there’s
                                nothing to say that he didn’t charge your client—your
                                client didn’t charge the deputy. So the inconsistent
                                statement might be it was a machete instead of a
                                stick, turned out to be a stick. Well, that’s still a Jury
                                question for the Jury to decide whether or not the
                                object that your client had was being used in a
                                manner that makes it a deadly weapon.

                                That’s what I want you to think—we’re tired and I’m
                                tired. And think about that tonight, and in the morning
                                I’ll look at it fresh with an open mind and try to see,
                                see what your objections might be and what your
                                position might be on that, but . . . .

        [Trial Counsel]:        Okay. . . .

Appellant did not make another request to play the video.

        Appellant stated that the trial court could reserve ruling on his request to show

the entire video until the next morning and agreed that he would re-urge his request

then. Appellant failed to do so. Under these circumstances, we conclude that appellant

has failed to preserve error, if any, because he did not obtain a ruling from the trial court

on his request to play the entire video.3 See TEX. R. APP. P. 33.1(a). We overrule

appellant’s second issue.

                IV.     EVIDENCE OF MEMBERSHIP IN THE ARYAN BROTHERHOOD

        By his third issue, appellant argues that the trial court improperly allowed

evidence of his alleged membership in the Aryan Brotherhood. Appellant argues that

evidence of membership in a gang constitutes an extraneous offense prohibited by rule

        3
         We note that appellant argues on appeal that the video portion not played in court was relevant
because it “contained statements from Deputy Fuller regarding his belief of imminent danger and his need
to use deadly force against Appellant.” However, appellant did not make this argument to the trial court.
Therefore, it has not been preserved for our review. See TEX. R. APP. P. 33.1(a). Appellant makes no
other argument regarding how the video was relevant.

                                                  15
404(b) and that in this case no exception to rule 404(b) allowed its admission.4 See

TEX. R. EVID. 404(b) (“Evidence of other crimes, wrongs or acts is not admissible to

prove the character of a person in order to show action in conformity therewith.”).

       In Jaynes v. State, this Court concluded that status as a member of the Aryan

Brotherhood is not evidence of a crime, wrong, or act as contemplated by rule 404(b).

216 S.W.3d 839, 849 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 2006, no pet.). Thus, rule 404(b) did

not prohibit admission of evidence of appellant’s alleged status as a member of the

Aryan Brotherhood. Accordingly, we overrule appellant’s third issue.

                                      V.      CONCLUSION

       We affirm the trial court’s judgment.

                                                            _____________________
                                                            ROGELIO VALDEZ
                                                            Chief Justice

Do not Publish.
TEX. R. APP. P. 47.2(b)
Delivered and filed the
22nd day of March, 2012.

       4
         The State argues that appellant failed to preserve his complaint for our review because he
merely objected on the basis that evidence concerning the Aryan Brotherhood was not relevant.
However, appellant also argued that it concerned an extraneous matter.

                                                16