Court Opinion

ID: 9693815
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-25 17:01:23.988616+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T15:10:36.153476
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                        FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                       AUG 25 2023
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                              FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

GUSTAVO ADOLFO GALVEZ MERIDA,                   No. 21-687
                                                Agency No. A209-184-430
                Petitioner,

 v.                                             MEMORANDUM*

MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney
General,

                Respondent.

                     On Petition for Review of an Order of the
                         Board of Immigration Appeals

                              Submitted August 22, 2023**
                                 Pasadena, California

Before: RAWLINSON and BRESS, Circuit Judges, and ZOUHARY, *** District
Judge.

      Gustavo Adolfo Galvez Merida (Galvez Merida), a native and citizen of

Guatemala, petitions for review of a decision of the Board of Immigration Appeals

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
      ***
            The Honorable Jack Zouhary, Sr. United States District Judge for the
Northern District of Ohio, sitting by designation.
(BIA) dismissing his appeal of the denial of cancellation of removal, asylum,

withholding of removal, and protection under the Convention Against Torture

(CAT). We have jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a). We dismiss in part and deny

in part the petition.

       “We review for substantial evidence the agency’s determination that a

petitioner has failed to establish eligibility for asylum or withholding of

removal . . .” Antonio v. Garland, 58 F.4th 1067, 1072 (9th Cir. 2023) (citation,

alteration and internal quotation marks omitted). We also review for substantial

evidence the BIA’s determination to deny CAT relief. See Plancarte Sauceda v.

Garland, 23 F.4th 824, 831 (9th Cir. 2022), as amended. The substantial evidence

standard requires the Court to uphold the BIA’s decision unless the record compels

reversal. See id. “We review de novo the BIA’s conclusions on pure questions of

law. . . .” Iraheta-Martinez v. Garland, 12 F.4th 942, 947 (9th Cir. 2021) (citation

omitted).

       1.     We lack jurisdiction to review the merits of the BIA’s discretionary

decision to deny cancellation of removal1. See Aguilar-Osorio v. Garland, 991

1
 Contrary to Galvez Merida’s assertion that the BIA impermissibly reached issues
not decided by the Immigration Judge, the BIA “may review questions of law,
discretion, and judgment and all other issues in appeals from decisions of
immigration judges de novo.” 8 C.F.R. § 1003.1(d)(3)(ii), see also Menendez-
Gonzalez v. Barr, 929 F.3d 1113, 1119 (9th Cir. 2019) (“The word ‘review’ does
not prohibit the BIA from exercising its own discretion in the first instance. . . .”)
(citations omitted).

                                           2
F.3d 997, 999 (9th Cir. 2021) (per curiam). Galvez Merida failed to raise a

cognizable constitutional or legal claim over which we would have jurisdiction.

See Patel v Garland, 142 S.Ct. 1614, 1627 (2022). Nor do we have jurisdiction to

reweigh the evidence underlying the BIA’s decision to deny cancellation of

removal as a matter of discretion. See Mendez-Castro v. Mukasey, 552 F.3d 975,

979 (9th Cir. 2009).

      2.     The record does not compel the conclusion that Galvez Merida would

be harmed on account of a protected ground. Rather, Galvez Merida fears

generalized crime by gangs in Guatemala. Thus, Galvez Merida failed to establish

“one central reason” or “a reason” for any past or future persecution. Barajas-

Romero v. Lynch, 846 F.3d 351, 360 (9th Cir. 2017); see also Zetino v. Holder, 622

F.3d 1007, 1016 (9th Cir. 2010), as amended (“[The] desire to be free from

harassment by criminals motivated by theft or random violence by gang members

bears no nexus to a protected ground. . . .”) (citations omitted)2.

      3.     Substantial evidence supports the denial of CAT relief. To qualify for

2
  Because the BIA accepted Galvez Merida’s proposed social group in addressing
the nexus issue, we need not address Galvez Merida’s contentions regarding his
particular social group. See Gonzalez-Veliz v. Garland, 996 F.3d 942, 949 (9th
Cir. 2021) (“As a general rule courts and agencies are not required to make
findings on issues the decision of which is unnecessary to the results they reach.”)
(citation omitted).

                                           3
protection under the CAT, a petitioner “must demonstrate that it is more likely than

not that he would be tortured if removed” and that the torture would occur “by or

at the instigation of or with the consent or acquiescence of a public official.”

Duran-Rodriguez v. Barr, 918 F.3d 1025, 1029 (9th Cir. 2019) (citations omitted).

The threat of torture must be particularized. See Dhital v. Mukasey, 532 F.3d

1044, 1051 (9th Cir. 2008) (per curiam). The evidence before the agency does not

compel the conclusion that Galvez Merida established a particularized risk of

torture, because “generalized evidence of violence and crime” is insufficient to

establish eligibility for CAT relief. Delgado-Ortiz v. Holder, 600 F.3d 1148, 1152

(9th Cir. 2010) (per curiam); see also B.R. v. Garland, 26 F.4th 827, 845 (9th Cir.

2022) (“Generalized evidence of violence in a country is . . . insufficient to

establish that anyone in the government would acquiesce to a petitioner’s torture.”)

(citation omitted).

      PETITION DISMISSED IN PART AND DENIED IN PART.

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