Court Opinion

ID: 861448
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-04-26 23:17:21.039675+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:18:18.648428
License: Public Domain

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF MISSISSIPPI
                                  NO. 97-CA-00322-SCT
MARVIN B. MAYS
v.
STATE OF MISSISSIPPI
THIS OPINION IS NOT DESIGNATED FOR PUBLICATION AND MAY NOT BE CITED,
                        PURSUANT TO M.R.A.P. 35-A
DATE OF JUDGMENT:                              02/07/97
TRIAL JUDGE:                                   HON. SHIRLEY C. BYERS
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED:                     WASHINGTON COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT:                        PRO SE
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:                        OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
                                               BY: BILLY L. GORE
DISTRICT ATTORNEY:                             FRANK CARLTON
NATURE OF THE CASE:                            CIVIL - POST CONVICTION RELIEF
DISPOSITION:                                   AFFIRMED - 2/12/98
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED:                                3/31/98

     BEFORE PRATHER, C.J., SMITH AND WALLER, JJ.

     SMITH, JUSTICE, FOR THE COURT:

On April 22, 1996, the Washington County Grand Jury returned a two count indictment against
Marvin Mays, a thirty (30) year old resident of Greenville, Mississippi, charging him with armed
burglary of an occupied dwelling at night (Count One) and aggravated assault (Count Two). Both of
the charges arose out of one incident which occurred in Greenville, on January 10, 1996. Specifically,
after Mays' girlfriend entered into a relationship with someone else, Mays allegedly kicked in the door
of Robbie Thomas' home and stabbed Leon Barnett with a knife so badly that his intestines were
hanging out. Mays was arraigned and entered a plea of not guilty on May 31, 1996.

However, on July 26, 1996, Mays filed a Petition to Enter Plea of Guilty to the aggravated assault
charge (Count Two). In exchange for his guilty plea to aggravated assault, the state agreed to nolle
prosequi the remaining charge. On August 2, 1996, a hearing was held in the Washington County
Circuit Court before Circuit Judge Ashley Hines, wherein Mays' guilty plea to aggravated assault was
accepted. Upon a finding that Mays' plea was knowingly and voluntarily entered, Judge Hines
sentenced him to twenty (20) years in the custody of the Department of Corrections.

On August 5, 1996, Mays filed a Motion for Reconsideration alleging that his sentence was excessive
given the facts and circumstances surrounding the offense, and that it was contrary to the usual
sentences imposed for first offenders committing the same offense in Washington County,
Mississippi. Additionally, Mays points out that his sentence was rendered without the benefit of a
pre-sentence investigation report. On August 23, 1996, Judge Hines entered an Order denying Mays'
Motion to Reconsider noting that Mays was given the maximum sentence after considering the
following factors in arriving at defendant's sentence: (1) defendant's age; (2) the particularly vicious
and violent nature of the crime; and (3) the fact that the crime was committed during the commission
of another crime. Judge Hines also pointed out that "[t]he only factors presented by the defendant in
mitigation were that his family and friends felt he should receive a lighter sentence and that his former
girlfriend (who is not the victim in this case) desires to continue their relationship."

On August 27, 1996, Mays filed a Motion to Withdraw Guilty Plea alleging that his guilty plea was
not voluntarily made because he was nervous, scared, and unable to speak. On August 28, 1996,
Judge Hines entered an Order denying Mays' Motion to Withdraw Guilty Plea.

On December 13, 1996, Mays entered a second Motion to Withdraw Guilty Plea, but this time
alleged that there was newly discovered evidence in that a non-interested witness who could
corroborate Mays' declaration of self-defense had come forth. On December 16, 1996, an evidentiary
hearing was held in the Washington County Circuit Court before Circuit Judge Gray Evans. At this
hearing, Johnny Roberts testified that on the day of the incident he (Roberts) observed the victim
come out of the house clenching his stomach with one hand and holding a gun in the other hand.
Roberts stated that he decided to come forward with this information after learning that Mays
received a 20 year sentence. On February 19, 1997, Judge Evans entered an Order denying Mays'
Motion to Withdraw Guilty Plea based on newly discovered evidence. Judge Evans specifically found
that the credibility of the non-interested witness, Johnny Roberts, was in serious doubt. Judge Evans
further stated "[w]hen coupled with the incredible absence of any mention of self defense or a gun
either (a) during the plea, (b) during sentencing, (c) and especially during the hearing on the Motion
to Reconsider, by either Defendant or counsel, this Court has such serious reservations about the
absence of any believable scenario regarding self defense or the possession of a gun by the victim that
this Court can say with all confidence that the presentation of this theory of self defense is not worthy
of any consideration whatsoever; it is not true."

Aggrieved by the trial court's decision, Mays appeals pro se to this Court and raises the following
issues:

     I. WHETHER THE SENTENCE RENDERED BY THE TRIAL COURT WAS
     EXCESSIVE.

     II. WHETHER THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY RENDERING MAYS' SENTENCE
     WITHOUT AN ADEQUATE PRE-SENTENCE HEARING.

     III WHETHER THE TRIAL COURT VIOLATED UCCCR 3.03 BY STATING THAT
     "THERE IS NO MINIMUM SENTENCE FOR THIS CRIME."
     IV. WHETHER MAYS RECEIVED INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL.

     V. WHETHER THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY DENYING MAYS' MOTION TO
     WITHDRAW GUILTY PLEA DUE TO NEWLY DISCOVERED EVIDENCE.

                                        LEGAL ANALYSIS

     I. WHETHER THE SENTENCE RENDERED BY THE TRIAL COURT WAS
     EXCESSIVE.

Mays alleges that his sentence was excessive and "contrary to the usual sentence imposed on first
offenders who enter guilty pleas for the same offense in Washington County, Mississippi." However,
Mays does not provide any information pertaining to how his sentence differs from "the usual
sentence." Additionally, Mays' sentence is within that prescribed by statute. See Miss. Code Ann.
§ 97-3-7(2) (1994).

The standard for analysis regarding sentencing is found in this Court's Hoops decision.

     Sentencing is within the complete discretion of the trial court and not subject to appellate
     review if it is within the limits prescribed by statute. Reynolds v. State, 585 So. 2d 753, 756
     (Miss. 1991) (citing Reed v. State, 536 So. 2d 1336, 1339 (Miss. 1988); Boyington v. State,
     389 So. 2d 485 (Miss. 1980)). "Further, the general rule in this state is that a sentence cannot be
     disturbed on appeal so long as it does not exceed the maximum term allowed by statute."
     Fleming v. State, 604 So. 2d 280, 302 (Miss. 1992) (citing Corley v. State, 536 So. 2d 1314,
     1319 (Miss. 1988); Reed v. State, 536 So. 2d 1336, 1339 (Miss. 1988)).

Hoops v. State, 681 So. 2d 521, 537-38 (Miss. 1996). "However, where a sentence is "grossly
disproportionate" to the crime committed, the sentence is subject to attack . . .." Edwards v. State,
615 So. 2d 590, 597 (Miss. 1993) (citing Wallace v. State, 607 So. 2d 1184, 1188 (Miss. 1992);
Fleming v. State, 604 So. 2d 280, 302 (Miss. 1992)). This Court has adopted the Solem test when
evaluating proportionality. Edwards, 615 So. 2d at 598. "The [Solem] elements are: (1) the gravity
of the offense and the harshness of the penalty; (2) comparison of the sentence with sentences
imposed on other criminals in the same jurisdiction; and (3) comparison of sentences imposed in
other jurisdictions for commission of the same crime with the sentence imposed in this case." Id.
(emphasis added).

Even though Mays claims that his sentence meets the second element of the Solem test, he submitted
no evidence in support of this claim. Moreover, a Solem review is not warranted since Mays'
sentence is within statutory limits and is not "grossly disproportionate" to the crime he committed.
Mays pled guilty to aggravated assault pursuant to Miss. Code Ann. § 97-3-7(2) (1994) which
provides for a sentence of "imprisonment in the county jail for not more than one (1) year or in the
penitentiary for not more than twenty (20) years." Id. Mays received a twenty year sentence, which
does not exceed the maximum term allowed by statute. Consequently, his sentence will not be
disturbed by this Court.

     II. WHETHER THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY RENDERING MAYS' SENTENCE
     WITHOUT AN ADEQUATE PRE-SENTENCE HEARING.
Mays contends that the trial court erred by rendering his sentence without an adequate pre-sentence
hearing. Mays argues that there were mitigating circumstances surrounding his crime that were not
properly considered by the trial court. Specifically, Mays contends that (a) he acted in self-defense,
(b) the prosecution did not produce a knife or a gun in support of their position, and (c) sentence was
imposed without a pre-sentence investigation report.

In support of his self-defense claim, Mays relies heavily on the fact that there was a witness, of whom
he was not aware at the time of pleading guilty, that could corroborate his allegation of self-defense.
However, Circuit Judge Evans conducted a hearing on December 16, 1996 to hear Mays' contention
of newly discovered evidence, which was the previously unknown corroborating witness, Johnny
Roberts. Judge Evans filed an Order dated February 7, 1996, finding that there was no merit to Mays'
contention of newly discovered evidence and further found that Roberts was not a credible witness
and Mays failed to meet the burden of producing credible evidence that he was acting in self-defense.
The trial court is the finder of fact and made the specific finding that Roberts was not a credible
witness. This Court will not overturn the trial court's decision regarding credibility of witnesses
unless the decision is manifestly wrong. See Yarbrough v. Camphor, 645 So. 2d 867, 869 (Miss.
1994). Furthermore, Judge Evans pointed out that Mays never claimed self-defense prior to filing his
Motion to Withdraw Guilty Plea on December 13, 1996, which was after he entered a guilty plea and
his sentence was imposed.

Moreover, Mays admits that he thought it was in his best interest at the time to plead guilty since he
was not aware that Johnny Roberts allegedly witnessed the crime. Since the trial judge determined
that Roberts' testimony was not credible, there is no reason for Mays to alter his belief that it was in
his best interest to plead guilty.

Additionally, there is no merit to Mays' claim that the prosecution's failure to produce a knife or gun
is a mitigating circumstance. Mays pled guilty to aggravated assault. There was no trial, therefore,
there was no opportunity for the prosecution to produce such evidence. This is especially true since
it's very doubtful that a gun was ever present at the crime scene.

Lastly, Mays argues that his sentence was improperly rendered because there was no pre-sentence
investigation report. This issue is controlled by this Court's decision in Edwards v. State, 615 So. 2d
590 (Miss. 1993). As in the case at bar, the defendant, Edwards, objected to the absence of a pre-
sentence report, claiming that it prohibited him from presenting mitigating circumstances to the court
prior to imposition of the sentence. Id. at 598. In Edwards, this Court held that "the use of pre-
sentence investigations and reports is discretionary with the trial judge and is not mandatory." Id.
Accordingly, there is no merit to Mays' claim that the trial court conducted an inadequate pre-
sentence hearing.

     III. WHETHER THE TRIAL COURT VIOLATED UCCCR 3.03(1) BY STATING
     THAT "THERE IS NO MINIMUM SENTENCE FOR THIS CRIME."

Mays relies upon Vittitoe v. State, 556 So. 2d 1062 (Miss. 1990) in arguing that his guilty plea was
not knowingly, voluntarily and intelligently made because the trial judge did not inform him of the
minimum sentencing required by the statute. Change of Plea and Sentencing transcripts reveal that
the trial judge informed Mays that there was no minimum sentence and a maximum sentence of
twenty (20) years for the crime of aggravated assault. The trial judge further advised Mays that "the
sentencing guidelines adopted by this Court have a range of 6 to 20 years." Mays indicated that he
understood the judge's explanations. Mays' reliance on Vittitoe is unfounded since the case at bar is
distinguishable. In Vittitoe, the defendant pled guilty to armed robbery pursuant to Miss. Code Ann §
97-3-79, which required a minimum sentence of three years upon conviction.

     Every person who shall feloniously take or attempt to take from the person or from the
     presence the personal property of another and against his will by violence to his person or by
     putting such person in fear of immediate injury to his person by the exhibition of a deadly
     weapon shall be guilty of robbery and, upon conviction, shall be imprisoned for life in the state
     penitentiary if the penalty is so fixed by the jury; and in cases where the jury fails to fix the
     penalty at imprisonment for life in the state penitentiary the court shall fix the penalty at
     imprisonment in the state penitentiary for any term not less than three (3) years.

Miss. Code Ann. § 97-3-79 (1994)(2) (emphasis added).

On the other hand, Mays pled guilty to aggravated assault pursuant to Miss. Code Ann. § 97-3-7,
which does not prescribe a mandatory minimum sentence.

     A person is guilty of aggravated assault if he (a) attempts to cause serious bodily injury to
     another, or causes such injury purposely, knowingly or recklessly under circumstances
     manifesting extreme indifference to the value of human life; or (b) attempts to cause or
     purposely or knowingly causes bodily injury to another with a deadly weapon or other means
     likely to produce death or serious bodily harm; and upon conviction, he shall be punished by
     imprisonment in the county jail for not more than one (1) year or in the penitentiary for not
     more than twenty (20) years. . . .

Miss. Code Ann. § 97-3-7(2) (1994) (emphasis added). This statute designates the mandatory
maximum sentence allowed for aggravated assault and distinguishes between the place of
confinement depending on the length of sentence given. However, there is no mandatory minimum
sentence denoted.

The trial judge was correct in advising Mays that there was no minimum sentence for the crime and
that the maximum sentence was twenty (20) years. However, in this case the Washington County
Circuit Court had adopted sentencing guidelines ranging from 6 to 20 years, of which Mays was also
informed. Accordingly, Mays was correctly advised of the law and of the mandatory minimum
sentence adopted by Washington County Circuit Court. Therefore, we hold that the trial court did
not violate UCCCR 3.03.

     IV. WHETHER MAYS RECEIVED INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL.

Mays contends that he received ineffective assistance of counsel. However, Mays fails to specify how
his attorney, Marie Wilson, was ineffective. The closest statement alleging specific facts is "[p]
etitioner feels his attorney joined prosecution by not enforcing the litigation of his discovery and
speedy trial motion and his December 16, 1996 withdrawal motions hearing, whereas same contains
false allegations by attorney which bears no proof when referring to the records." Although it's hard
to tell exactly what failures Mays is alleging by this statement, the record shows that his attorney
pursued numerous avenues of relief on Mays' behalf.

The standard for reviewing claims of ineffective assistance of counsel was set forth in Strickland v.
Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687 (1984). Mississippi adopted the Strickland standard in Stringer v.
State, 454 So. 2d 468, 476-78 (Miss. 1984) and has consistently applied this standard in subsequent
cases. Neal v. State, 525 So. 2d 1279, 1281 (Miss. 1987) (citing Ferguson v. State, 507 So. 2d 94,
95-97 (Miss. 1987); Waldrop v. State, 506 So. 2d 273, 275-76 (Miss. 1987); Alexander v. State,
503 So. 2d 235, 240-41 (Miss. 1987); King v. State, 503 So. 2d 271, 273-76 (Miss. 1987);
Leatherwood v. State, 473 So. 2d 964 (Miss. 1985)).

     Our inquiry under Strickland is twofold:

     (1) Was defense counsel's performance deficient when measured by the objective standard of
     reasonable professional competence, and if so

     (2) Was [the appellant] prejudiced by such failure to meet the standard?

Hansen v. State, 649 So. 2d 1256, 1259 (Miss. 1994). Additionally, "[a]n ineffective assistance claim
by its very nature refers to the totality of counsel's pre-trial and trial performance." Neal v. State, 525
So. 2d 1279, 1281 (Miss. 1987). "At the outset, defense counsel is presumed competent and the
burden of proving otherwise rests on [the appellant]." Hansen, 649 So. 2d at 1258. Mays "must
allege these matters with specificity and detail" to obtain an evidentiary hearing. Perkins v. State, 487
So. 2d 791, 793 (Miss. 1986); Miss. Code Ann. § 99-39-9(1) (1994). The petitioner's well pled
allegations are taken as true. Moore v. Ruth, 556 So. 2d 1059, 1061 (Miss. 1990). Moreover, where
the appellant is proceeding pro se, the Court takes that fact into account so that meritorious
complaints are not lost because inartfully drafted. Id.

Mays' allegations are general statements regarding his own opinion of his attorney's performance,
with no substantiating statements. Mays did not provide any specific examples of how his attorney's
failure to enforce the litigation of his discovery and speedy trial motion and his December 16, 1996
withdrawal motions hearing amounted to ineffective assistance of counsel. Therefore, this Court finds
that Mays failed to meet his statutory burden of proof regarding the allegation of ineffective
assistance of counsel in that his assertions lack the "specificity and detail" required to establish a
prima facie showing. We further find that his allegations in this area are without merit since the
various documents from the proceedings provide evidence contrary to Mays' assertions.

Mays was indicted on April 22, 1996 and his attorney filed a Motion demanding discovery and a
speedy trial on June 7, 1996 (45 days after indictment). Mays was arraigned and entered a plea of not
guilty on June 21, 1996 (59 days after indictment). However, on July 26, 1996, Mays changed his
plea to guilty (94 days after indictment). Mississippi law requires indictments to be tried no later than
two hundred seventy (270) days after the accused has been arraigned. Miss. Code Ann. § 99-17-1
(1994). Moreover, a valid guilty plea waives the defendant's claim of right to speedy trial. Anderson
v. State, 577 So. 2d 390, 392 (Miss. 1991). Likewise, the motion for discovery becomes moot once
the defendant enters a valid guilty plea.

Additionally, Mays' attorney filed numerous motions following Mays' guilty plea. On August 5, 1996,
Attorney Wilson filed a Motion for Reconsideration, stating that Mays' sentence was (1) excessive;
(2) contrary to the usual sentences imposed for first offenders committing the same offense in
Washington County, Mississippi; (3) unjust given all the facts and circumstances surrounding the
offense; and (4) rendered without the benefit of a pre-sentence investigation report, which amounted
to cruel and unusual punishment. This motion was denied by the circuit court on August 23, 1996.
Circuit Judge Hines found that the following facts were considered when arriving at Mays' sentence:
(1) the defendant's age; (2) the particularly vicious and violent nature of the crime; and (3) the fact
that this crime was committed during the commission of another crime. Judge Hines also pointed out
that the only mitigating factors Mays presented were "his family and friends felt he should receive a
lighter sentence and that his former girlfriend (who is not the victim in this case) desires to continue
their relationship."

Subsequently, on August 27, 1996, Attorney Wilson filed a Motion to Withdraw Guilty Plea, stating
that Mays' guilty plea should be withdrawn because he was nervous, scared and unable to speak or
think rationally. This motion was also denied by the circuit court on August 28, 1996.

On December 13, 1996, Attorney Wilson re-submitted Mays' Motion to Withdraw Guilty Plea stating
that there were newly discovered evidence in that a witness, Johnny Roberts, had come forth with
information that would corroborate Mays' claim of self-defense. A hearing concerning this motion
was held on December 16, 1996 in the Washington County Circuit Court, in front of Judge Evans.
However, this motion was also denied by the circuit court. In a four-page Order, Judge Evans found
that there was no merit to Mays' allegation of newly discovered evidence and Mays failed to meet the
burden of producing credible evidence that he was acting in self defense in that Mays' corroborating
witness lacked credibility. Judge Evans further pointed out that Mays had never propounded a self-
defense claim prior to the motion filed on December 13, 1996.

Accordingly, the record shows that there was no discovery violations nor was there a violation of
Mays' right to speedy trial. The record also reveals that Mays' attorney made numerous attempts to
have Mays' sentence reconsidered and his guilty plea withdrawn. Mays has failed to meet the
Strickland standard, thus we hold that there is no merit to Mays' claim of ineffective assistance of
counsel.

     V. WHETHER THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY DENYING MAYS' MOTION TO
     WITHDRAW GUILTY PLEA DUE TO NEWLY DISCOVERED EVIDENCE.

Mays claims that he was entitled to a new trial on the grounds of newly discovered evidence and that
such evidence came to defendant's knowledge after the guilty plea and sentencing, and such evidence
could not have been discovered sooner by diligence, and such evidence would probably produce a
different result if a new trial were granted. This issue has been thoroughly discussed in Issue II of this
opinion, and does not deserve further elaboration. In accordance with the trial court's finding that
Mays' newly discovered witness, Johnny Roberts, lacked credibility, there is no merit to Mays' claim
of newly discovered evidence.

                                            CONCLUSION

Mays alleges that his sentence is excessive and "contrary to the usual sentence imposed on first
offenders who enter guilty pleas for the same offense in Washington County, Mississippi." However,
he provides no information in support of this allegation. Additionally, Mays received a twenty (20)
year sentence which is within the statutory limit and as such will not be disturbed by this Court.

Mays also alleges that the trial court erred by rendering his sentence without an adequate pre-
sentence hearing since there were mitigating circumstances that were not properly considered by the
court. Specifically, Mays contends that (a) he acted in self-defense, (b) the prosecution failed to
produce a knife or gun in support of their position, and (c) sentence was imposed without a pre-
sentence investigation report.

A hearing was conducted concerning Mays' claim of newly discovered evidence in the form of a non-
interested witness, Johnny Roberts, who could corroborate Mays' self-defense claim. Circuit Judge
Evans found that Roberts lacked credibility and consequently Mays had failed to meet his burden of
producing credible evidence that he was acting in self defense. Judge Evans further pointed out that
Mays had never propounded a self-defense claim prior to his motion which was filed on December
13, 1996.

Moreover, the prosecution was not required to produce a knife or gun as evidence since Mays pled
guilty to the crime of aggravated assault. Therefore, the fact that the prosecution did not produce this
evidence is not a mitigating circumstance in Mays' favor.

Lastly, this Court has held that the use of pre-sentence investigations and reports is not mandatory
but is at the discretion of the trial judge. The factors considered and the lack of mitigating factors
were specified in Judge Hines' Order dated August 23, 1996. Accordingly, there is no merit to Mays'
claim that his pre-sentence hearing was inadequate.

Mays contends that his guilty plea was not voluntarily given because the trial judge did not inform
him of the minimum sentence required by the statute. The court records reveal the trial judge
informed Mays that there was no statutory minimum sentence but a maximum sentence of twenty
(20) years for the crime of aggravated assault. Additionally, the trial judge further informed Mays
that the Washington County Circuit Court had adopted sentencing guidelines with a range of six (6)
to twenty (20) years. This information is correct and Mays indicated that he understood this
information at the sentencing hearing. Therefore, there is no merit to Mays' claim that his guilty plea
was involuntary.

Mays also contends that he received ineffective assistance of counsel, but fails to specify how his
attorney, Marie Wilson, was ineffective. Mays failed to meet the statutory burden of proof regarding
the allegation of ineffective assistance of counsel in that his assertions lack the specificity and detail
required to establish a prima facie showing. Additionally, his allegations in this area are without merit
in that the various documents from the proceedings provide evidence contrary to Mays' assertions.

Mays further claims that the trial court erred by denying his Motion to Withdraw Guilty Plea due to
newly discovered evidence. This issue has been thoroughly discussed in Issue II and does not deserve
further elaboration. In accordance with the trial court's finding that Mays' newly discovered witness,
Johnny Roberts, lacked credibility, there is no merit to Mays' claim of newly discovered evidence.

Accordingly, the trial court's dismissal of Mays' Motion to Withdraw Guilty Plea is affirmed.

DENIAL OF POST-CONVICTION RELIEF AFFIRMED.
PRATHER, C.J., SULLIVAN AND PITTMAN, P.JJ., BANKS, McRAE, ROBERTS, MILLS
AND WALLER, JJ., CONCUR.

1. At the time of Mays' guilty plea this rule was entitled Uniform Criminal Rules of Circuit Court
Practice, 3.03. This rule is now embodied in Uniform Circuit and County Court Rules, UCCCR 8.04.

2. The wording of the statute has not changed since the time Vittitoe pled guilty in 1983.