Court Opinion

ID: 4276630
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-05-18 18:00:32.961361+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:33:53.469343
License: Public Domain

Case: 16-16044   Date Filed: 05/18/2018   Page: 1 of 5

                                                        [DO NOT PUBLISH]

            IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

                    FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
                      ________________________

                            No. 16-16044
                        Non-Argument Calendar
                      ________________________

         D.C. Docket Nos. 1:16-cv-23292-UU; 1:04-cr-20808-UU-2

TORIE CROSS,

                                                          Petitioner-Appellant,

                                  versus

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                        Respondent-Appellee.

                      ________________________

               Appeal from the United States District Court
                   for the Southern District of Florida
                     ________________________

                             (May 18, 2018)

Before TJOFLAT, WILLIAM PRYOR and ANDERSON, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:
              Case: 16-16044     Date Filed: 05/18/2018   Page: 2 of 5

      In this case, the District Court construed a filing made by Torie Cross as an

impermissibly successive 28 U.S.C. § 2255 motion and dismissed it for a lack of

jurisdiction. Cross appeals this decision. We affirm.

      We consider questions about a district court’s jurisdiction de novo. United

States v. Oliver, 148 F.3d 1274, 1275 (11th Cir. 1998) (per curiam). We liberally

construe a pro se litigant’s pleadings. Tannenbaum v. United States, 148 F.3d
1262, 1263 (11th Cir. 1998) (per curiam). Further, district courts have an

obligation to look behind the label of a pro se inmate’s motion to determine

whether the motion is cognizable under a different remedial statutory framework.

Gooden v. United States, 627 F.3d 846, 847 (11th Cir. 2010).

      A § 2255 movant “shall move in the appropriate court of appeals for an

order authorizing” the district court to consider a successive motion. 28 U.S.C.

§ 2244(b)(3)(A); see also 28 U.S.C. § 2255(h) (noting that “[a] second or

successive motion must be certified as provided in section 2244 by a panel of the

appropriate court of appeals to contain” newly discovered evidence or a new rule

of constitutional law). Absent authorization from this Court, district courts lack

jurisdiction to consider a second or successive § 2255 motion. Farris v. United

States, 333 F.3d 1211, 1216 (11th Cir. 2003).

      On December 1, 2015, Cross filed his first 28 U.S.C. § 2255 motion, which

challenged his classification as a career offender under the Guidelines due to the

                                          2
              Case: 16-16044      Date Filed: 05/18/2018   Page: 3 of 5

Supreme Court’s decision in Johnson v. United States, 135 S. Ct. 2551 (2015).

This motion was dismissed by the District Court, on the merits and with prejudice,

in March 2016. The District Court further ruled that a certificate of appealability

(“COA”) “shall not issue.” Cross filed a notice of appeal and we ultimately denied

Cross’s motion for a COA on October 28, 2016.

      In the meantime, on June 15, 2016, Cross filed an application to this Court to

file a second or successive § 2255 motion. On June 20, he filed another

application to this Court to file a successive § 2255 motion. In this second

application, the one relevant to this appeal, he raised two arguments: first, that he

was erroneously sentenced as a career offender because his Florida convictions for

delivery of cocaine should not have been classified as serious drug offenses under

the Guidelines; second, that under Johnson, his Hobbs Act robbery conviction was

not a “crime of violence” and so his 18 U.S.C. § 924(c) conviction was invalid.

Cross’s two applications were consolidated and docketed in this Court. We denied

them as “premature” in an August 4, 2016 order, explaining that he was in the

midst of seeking a COA on his initial § 2255 motion from December 1, 2015.

      On August 2, 2016, Cross’s June 20 application was also docketed in the

District Court as a potential second or successive § 2255 motion to vacate his

sentence. Following our August 4 order, the District Court accordingly held that it

                                           3
              Case: 16-16044     Date Filed: 05/18/2018   Page: 4 of 5

lacked jurisdiction over Cross’s motion, it being an unauthorized successive

§ 2255 motion. Cross appeals this decision.

      Because the District Court had previously dismissed Cross’s first § 2255

motion with prejudice, it lacked jurisdiction to consider the merits of Cross’s

successive claims absent authorization from this Court. 28 U.S.C.

§ 2244(b)(3)(A); Farris, 333 F.3d at 1216. We did not provide such authorization.

The District Court therefore did not err in dismissing Cross’s second § 2255

motion.

      Cross argues that, nonetheless, the District Court could have classified his

second motion as a Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 60(b) motion, rather than as a

second § 2255 motion, thus retaining jurisdiction over it. Under Rule 60(b), a

court may relieve a party of a final order or judgment for a number of reasons. See

Fed. R. Civ. P. 60(b)(1)–(6). But a purported Rule 60(b) motion can constitute an

impermissibly successive § 2255 motion. See Gonzalez v. Crosby, 545 U.S. 524,

531–32, 125 S. Ct. 2641, 2647–48 (2005). In Gonzalez, the Supreme Court held

that although a Rule 60(b) motion can be used to present a defect in the integrity of

a prior federal habeas proceeding, such a motion is considered a second or

successive § 2254 petition if it seeks to present a new ground for relief from a

judgment of conviction or attacks the federal court’s previous resolution of a claim

on the merits. Id. Gonzalez applies equally to § 2255 proceedings. Gilbert v.

                                          4
               Case: 16-16044     Date Filed: 05/18/2018     Page: 5 of 5

United States, 640 F.3d 1293, 1323 (11th Cir. 2011) (en banc). Therefore, when a

federal prisoner seeks to assert or reassert a claim for relief, rather than point out a

defect in the integrity of an earlier § 2255 proceeding, his motion is the equivalent

of a second or successive § 2255 motion. Id.

      Here, the District Court did not err in construing Cross’s motion as a § 2255

motion because he asserted new grounds for relief. After arguing in his initial

§ 2255 motion that Johnson invalidated the Guidelines’ Career Offender provision,

Cross argued in his June 20 motion that his past Florida drug convictions were not

serious drug offenses and that Hobbs Act robbery cannot qualify as a crime of

violence under § 924(c). These are new substantive claims and do not raise a

defect in his original § 2255 proceeding. See Gonzalez, 545 U.S. at 531–32, 125 S.

Ct. at 2647–48. The District Court therefore did not err in failing to treat Cross’s

§ 2255 motion as a Rule 60(b) motion.

      AFFIRMED.

                                            5