Court Opinion

ID: 4679943
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-04-22 14:08:53.874164+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:03:52.035235
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
                               APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
        This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court ." Although it is posted on the
     internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.

                                                        SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
                                                        APPELLATE DIVISION
                                                        DOCKET NO. A-1370-19

MARY ANN LYNN,

          Appellant,

v.

BOARD OF REVIEW,
DEPARTMENT OF
LABOR, and RG
REALTY INVESTORS,
LLC,

     Respondents.
____________________

                   Argued March 24, 2021 – Decided April 22, 2021

                   Before Judges Fuentes and Firko.

                   On appeal from the Board of Review, Department of
                   Labor, Docket No. 178,594.

                   Gerald Jay Resnick argued the cause for appellant
                   (Resnick Law Group, PC, attorneys; Gerald Jay
                   Resnick, on the briefs).

                   Alexis F. Fedorchak, Deputy Attorney General, argued
                   the cause for respondent Board of Review (Gurbir S.
                   Grewal, Attorney General, attorney; Sookie Bae,
            Assistant Attorney General, of counsel; Alexis F.
            Fedorchak, on the brief).

            Aaron C. Schlesinger argued the cause for respondent
            RG Realty Investors, LLC (Peckar & Abramson, PC,
            attorneys; Aaron C. Schlesinger, on the brief).

PER CURIAM

      Claimant Mary Ann Lynn, a former employee of RG Realty Investors,

LLC (RG), appeals from an October 23, 2019 final determination made by the

Board of Review (Board) of the New Jersey Department of Labor and Work

Force Development, Division of Unemployment and Insurance Services

(Department). The Board determined that claimant abandoned her employment

with RG and denied her application for unemployment compensation benefits,

directing her to refund $5504 she received during her period of ineligibility. We

affirm.

                                       I.

      The facts taken from the record are summarized as follows. Claimant, age

seventy-five, was the property manager for RG for over fifteen years. She was

employed on a full-time basis, earning $55,000 annually, plus benefits, and

received a free apartment.    Claimant reported to Andrew Weissman, RG's

regional property manager.

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        In Spring of 2018, RG notified claimant that her work performance was

unsatisfactory and offered her the option of continuing her employment subject

to a work improvement plan or accepting a severance package premised on her

retirement. In April 2018, claimant was provided with a settlement agreement

and general release containing terms setting forth an offer of retirement with no

termination date specified. Claimant rejected the offer and remained employed

at RG as its property manager.

        In a January 15, 2019 email to Weissman, claimant advised she was

"interested in revisiting the last offer made to her," and her last day of work

would be February 28, 2019. Weissman responded by providing claimant with

a revised agreement on February 15, 2019 and confirming her February 28, 2019

termination date. The revised agreement provided for $2000 more than the

initially proposed agreement and a provision releasing RG from a potential age

discrimination claim under the Older Worker's Benefit Protection Act of 1990. 1

RG advised claimant it had no intention of discharging her from employment.

        On February 20, 2019, claimant advised Weissman that she chose not to

resign, contrary to what she told him the day prior about retiring as of February

28, 2019. To avoid confusion, Weissman sent claimant an email on February

1
    29 U.S.C. § 626(f).
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                                       3
20, 2019, to confirm her intentions, but she did not respond. Weissman sent a

follow-up email to claimant on February 26, 2019, inquiring as to whether she

was continuing her employ with RG or leaving so "proper arrangements" could

be made. Claimant never responded to Weissman's February 26, 2019 email or

advised whether she would accept the severance package or continue her employ

with RG. Claimant moved out of her apartment without informing RG and never

returned to work after February 28, 2019. After claimant's counsel advised RG

that his client was provided a "Notice of Termination" on February 1, 2019, with

an end date of February 28, 2019, counsel for RG clarified that she "has not been

terminated from RG," and "RG never stated to [claimant] in any manner that she

would be terminated if she did not accept the package or for any other reason. "

RG expected claimant "to appear for work on Monday, March 4, 2019[,] or her

next regular scheduled day of work," but she never did.

      Counsel for claimant posited that she was subjected to age related

comments, and therefore, her termination was unlawful under the New Jersey

Law Against Discrimination (NJLAD), N.J.S.A. 10:5-1 to -49. On March 3,

2019, claimant applied for unemployment benefits and was initially deemed

eligible for benefits as of that date. RG appealed, asserting claimant abandoned

her employment because she failed to report to work. The Appeal Tribunal

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conducted a hearing on April 30, 2019. Claimant did not appear. Weissman

testified that claimant requested a severance package and then ceased

communicating with RG after an offer was made and did not respond to follow-

up efforts by RG.

     Based on this record, the Appeal Tribunal declined to find claimant was

discharged for misconduct but found she was not eligible to receive

unemployment compensation benefits because she left work voluntarily without

good cause attributable to the work under N.J.S.A. 43:21-5(a) as of March 3,

2019. Specifically, the Appeal Tribunal noted:

           The employer had issues with the claimant's work
           performance and considered separating her from
           employment. The claimant asked to stay on the job and
           have an attempt to improve her work performance to
           which the employer agreed. The claimant reached out
           to the employer and asked for a severance package.
           After the employer increased the amount in the
           severance package, the claimant failed to contact the
           employer. She did not accept nor decline the severance
           package. As part of her salary, the claimant received a
           free apartment.      She moved without telling the
           employer. She failed to contact the employer after
           [February 28, 2019] although they made numerous
           attempts to contact her. Continuing work was available
           for the claimant had she reported to work.

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Claimant was also disqualified to receive benefits from March 3, 2019,

following a remand to the Director of Unemployment Insurance and was issued

a Request for Refund of Unemployment Benefits in the amount of $5504.

      In a handwritten letter dated May 21, 2019, claimant appealed the decision

of the Appeal Tribunal, and on May 23, 2019, she appealed to the Board.

      On July 18, 2019, the Board remanded the matter to the Appeal Tribunal,

finding claimant established good cause with regard to her untimely appeal to

the Board and her failure to testify at the hearing. On August 12, 2019, a second

hearing was held before the Appeal Tribunal. Claimant and Weissman testified.

      At the hearing, claimant testified that Weissman made inappropriate

comments to employees that were age-related, and she felt some of her duties

were delegated to younger employees. In May 2018, claimant stated she filed a

complaint with Human Resources regarding the unsolicited severance package

notwithstanding the fact she was provided with an opportunity to improve her

performance.    Weissman denied making any derogatory comments about

claimant.

      On August 13, 2019, the Appeal Tribunal again found claimant left work

voluntarily without good cause attributable to the work and disqualified her as

of February 24, 2019, under N.J.S.A. 43:21-5(a) because she did not

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communicate with her employer for five consecutive workdays. The matter was

remanded for a determination of claimant's potential liability for a refund of

benefits she received. Once again, the Appeal Tribunal held claimant had to

refund the $5504 she received. On August 26, 2019, claimant appealed to the

Board. On October 23, 2019, the Board adopted the Appeal Tribunal's decision.

This appeal followed.

      On appeal, claimant contends that the Board abused its discretion by

adopting the Appeal Tribunal's incorrect determination that she left work

voluntarily without good cause attributable to the work in the face of age

discrimination, retaliation, and a hostile work environment.      Claimant also

argues the denial of her unemployment compensation should be reversed

because she was terminated by RG. We disagree.

                                       II.

      Our review of decisions by administrative agencies is limited.       In re

Stallworth, 208 N.J. 182, 194 (2011). For that reason, a party that challenges a

final agency decision carries a substantial burden of persuasion. Gloucester

Cnty. Welfare Bd. v. N.J. Civil Serv. Comm'n, 93 N.J. 384, 390-91 (1983). "In

order to reverse an agency's judgment, an appellate court must find the agency's

decision to be 'arbitrary, capricious, or unreasonable, or . . . not supported by

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substantial credible evidence in the record as a whole.'" In re Stallworth, 208

N.J. at 194 (quoting Henry v. Rahway State Prison, 81 N.J. 571, 579-80 (1980)).

      "In reviewing a final agency decision, such as that of the Board . . . , we

defer to factfindings that are supported by sufficient credible evidence in the

record." McClain v. Bd. of Rev., 237 N.J. 445, 456 (2019). "[I]f substantial

evidence supports the agency's decision, 'a court may not substitute its own

judgment for [that of] the agency's even though the court might have reached a

different result.'" In re Carter, 191 N.J. 474, 483 (2007) (quoting Greenwood v.

State Police Training Ctr., 127 N.J. 500, 513 (1992)).

      In assessing whether the Board acted within the scope of its authority, we

consider:

            (1) [W]hether the agency's decision offends the State or
            Federal Constitution; (2) whether the agency's action
            violates express or implied legislative policies; (3)
            whether the record contains substantial evidence to
            support the findings on which the agency based its
            action; and (4) whether in applying the legislative
            policies to the facts, the agency clearly erred in
            reaching a conclusion that could not reasonably have
            been made on a showing of the relevant facts.

            [Lourdes Med. Ctr. of Burlington Cnty v. Bd. of Rev.,
            197 N.J. 339, 360 (2009) (quoting Brady v. Bd. of Rev.,
            152 N.J. 197, 211 (1997)).]

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       When considering those factors, we must defer to the agency's "expertise

and superior knowledge of a particular field." In re Carter, 191 N.J. at 483

(quoting Greenwood, 127 N.J. at 513). Furthermore, deference to an agency's

decision "is particularly appropriate" when the matter involves the interpretation

and application "of the [a]gency's own regulation[s]." R.S. v. Div. of Med.

Assistance & Health Servs., 434 N.J. Super. 250, 261 (App. Div. 2014) (quoting

I.L. v. N.J. Dep't of Human Servs., 389 N.J. Super. 354, 364 (App. Div. 2006)).

       However, "we are 'in no way bound by the agency's interpretation of a

statute or its determination of a strictly legal issue.'" Utley v. Bd. of Rev., 194

N.J. 534, 551 (2008) (quoting Mayflower Sec. Co. v. Bureau of Sec., 64 N.J. 85,

93 (1973)). "[A]lthough we accord some deference to the Board's interpretation

of the statutory scheme that the Legislature has entrusted it to administer, we

are not bound by a reasonable or mistaken interpretation of that scheme,

particularly one that is contrary to legislative objectives." McClain, 237 N.J. at

456.

       Our decision is also guided by fundamental principles of law governing

unemployment compensation. "[T]he Unemployment Compensation Law 'is to

be construed liberally in favor of allowance of benefits.'" Lord v. Bd. of Rev.,

425 N.J. Super. 187, 195 (App. Div. 2012) (quoting Utley, 194 N.J. at 543). Our

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State's Unemployment Compensation Law, N.J.S.A. 43:21-1 to -71, is primarily

designed to lessen the impact of unemployment that befalls workers without

their fault. Brady, 152 N.J. at 212. "The public policy behind the Act is to

afford protection against the hazards of economic insecurity due to involuntary

unemployment." Yardville Supply Co. v. Bd. of Rev., 114 N.J. 371, 374 (1989)

(emphasis added); see also N.J.S.A. 43:21-2 (declaring public interest in

addressing the burden of "[i]nvoluntary unemployment"). Therefore, a person

who voluntarily quits or abandons work for personal reasons, rather than for

causes attributable to work, is ineligible for benefits.

      Applying these principles, we conclude the Board's decision here was

supported by substantial credible evidence in the record and was based upon a

reasonable interpretation of the law.        N.J.S.A. 43:21-5(a) provides that an

individual is disqualified for unemployment compensation benefits where that

"individual has left work voluntarily without good cause attributable to such

work." In order to avoid disqualification, a claimant must show she left work

for "good cause attributable to work." Brady, 152 N.J. at 218. "Good cause

means 'cause sufficient to justify an employee's voluntarily leaving the ranks of

the employed and joining the ranks of the unemployed,' and the reasons for

terminating employment 'must meet the test of ordinary common sense and

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                                        10
prudence.'" Heulitt v. Bd. of Rev., 300 N.J. Super. 407, 414 (App. Div. 1997)

(quoting Zielenski v. Bd. of Rev., 85 N.J. Super. 46, 52 (App. Div. 1964)).

      Ultimately, "an employee's separation from employment" is voluntary if

"the decision whether to go or to stay lay at the time with the worker alone."

Lord, 425 N.J. Super. at 191 (quoting Campbell Soup Co. v. Bd. of Rev., 13 N.J.

431, 435 (1953)). "[T]he one who initiates that action which eventually leads

to the separation is the one who is responsible for breaking the employer -

employee relationship." Id. at 190.

      An employee who abandons their position is "subject . . . to

disqualification for benefits for voluntarily leaving work without good cause

attributable to such work."      N.J.A.C. 12:17-9.11(a).     The Department's

regulation defines abandonment to include "[a]n employee who is absent from

work for five or more consecutive workdays and who without good cause fails

to notify the employer of the reasons for his or her absence." Ibid.

      Applying the governing law and regulation, we agree with the Board's

determination.   Claimant did not report to work for well more than five

consecutive workdays and failed to communicate with her employer by ignoring

Weissman's emails from February 20 to February 26, 2019, constituting

abandonment of employment. Whether claimant has a viable age discrimination

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                                      11
cause of action under the NJLAD is irrelevant to our determination of whether

the Board correctly denied her application for unemployment compensation

benefits.   The decision of the Board was not arbitrary, capricious, or

unreasonable. Substantial credible evidence in the record as a whole supports

the determination that claimant abandoned her employment by failing to return

to work for more than five consecutive workdays, N.J.A.C. 12:17-9.11(a),

thereby leaving work voluntarily without good cause attributable to the work,

N.J.S.A. 43:21-5(a).

      Claimant's remaining arguments lack sufficient merit to warrant further

discussion. R. 2:11-3(e)(1)(E).

      Affirmed.

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