Court Opinion

ID: 9672982
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-24 04:03:53.247269+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T18:16:19.558026
License: Public Domain

*509Per Curiam.
Defendant Mosden and another were tried together and convicted of armed robbery.  This is defendant Mosden’s appeal, on leave granted,  from Court of Appeals’ denial of application for delayed appeal from recorder’s court of the city of Detroit denial of his application for leave to file a delayed motion for new trial.
Defendant mentions, sketchily in his brief, that' police officers were permitted to testify concerning exculpatory statements made by him shortly after his arrest. He claims that this testimony should have been excluded because he had not been apprised of his constitutional rights to remain silent, to assistance of counsel, et cetera. He makes the kind of argument which is based on Escobedo v. Illinois (1964), 378 US 478 (84 S Ct 1758, 12 L Ed 2d 977) and Miranda v. Arizona (1966), 384 US 436 (86 S Ct 1602, 16 L Ed 2d 694, 10 ALR2d 974), having application only to inculpatory statements. Defendant was represented by counsel at trial, but no objections were made to reception of this testimony. The trial occurred in January of 1964 before the decision in Escobedo, on June 22, 1964, and the Miranda decision, on June 13, 1966. Those decisions were not retroactive. Johnson v. New Jersey (1966), 384 US 719 (86 S Ct 1772, 16 L Ed 2d 882). We cannot reverse on this ground.
In connection with consideration of the application for leave to appeal here, attention was directed to a claim that the people were allowed to introduce into evidence written reports of the police officers’ surveillance of defendants before and at the time of the robbery, prepared by the officers after the fact from fragmentary notes made during the surveillance but subsequently destroyed. This bears resemblance to *510facts in the case of People v. Hobson (1963), 369 Mich 189. Defendant’s brief now before us on this appeal makes no mention of this point, however, so we may conclude he has abandoned it. Furthermore, while in Hobson the surveillance reports were introduced into evidence, that does not appear to have occurred here, but the notes were used only to enable the police officers, while testifying, to refresh their recollections. Ground for reversal is not presented in this connection.
Defendant’s brief is chiefly devoted to a discussion of evidentiary matters and conflicts of testimony. Defendant styles his conviction as one based on circumstantial evidence, and offers, for the benefit of this Court, a jury argument as to why he ought not to have been found guilty under the evidence. Determination of the factual questions was definitely a function for the jury, not the trial court on motion for new trial nor this Court on appeal. We find there was testimony which, if believed by the jury, as it apparently was, warranted a finding of defendant’s guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. We cannot reverse on this ground.
A more serious question is presented in connection with denial of defendant’s delayed motion for new trial or application for leave to file a delayed motion therefor. Whichever it may be termed, it was based in part on a claim of newly discovered evidence. It was predicated on an affidavit of a Jackson State prison inmate, named Blackwell, in which the latter confessed commission of the robbery in question and completely absolved defendant from any participation therein.
On March 2, 1966, a hearing was held before a recorder’s court judge on the motion. Defendant was represented by court-appointed counsel. That attorney requested the opportunity of subpoenaing witnesses for defendant, including Blackwell. The *511request was refused and the hearing proceeded as on a motion for new trial. Police officers testified to discredit Blackwell’s affidavit on the grounds that Blackwell’s story was not complete, that he was a person of low moral character who could readily confess a crime he had not committed and in their opinion he was not worthy of belief. There is no evidence that he knew defendant or that, at the time of making the statement, knew defendant had been convicted of the crime, or that he had any reason to be for defendant. The police officers’ testimony did not refute any specific facts or allegations in Blackwell’s affidavit.
In Townsend v. Sain (1963), 372 US 293, 312, 313 (83 S Ct 745, 757, 9 L Ed 2d 770, 785, 786), the United States Supreme Court said:
“Where the facts are in dispute, the Federal court in habeas corpus must hold an evidentiary hearing if the habeas applicant did not receive a full and fair evidentiary hearing in a State court, either at the time of the trial or in a collateral proceeding. In other words a Federal evidentiary hearing is required unless the State-court trier of fact has after a full hearing reliably found the relevant facts. * * #
“We hold that a Federal court must grant an evidentiary hearing to a habeas applicant under the following circumstances: If (1) the merits of the factual dispute were not resolved in the State hearing; (2) the State factual determination is not fairly supported by the record as a whole; (3) the fact-finding procedure employed by the State court was not adequate to afford a full and fair hearing; (4) there is a substantial allegation of newly discovered evidence; (5) the material facts were not adequately developed at the State-court hearing; or (6) for any reason it appears that the State trier of fact did not afford the habeas applicant a full and fair fact hearing.”
*512Under the above from Townsend v. Sain, supra, it seems clear that upon denial of further relief in this case in State courts, a Federal court, on application for habeas corpus, Avould be constrained to do what the trial court in this case did not do, namely, permit a full and fair hearing on Blackwell’s confession and absolving of defendant, with defendant permitted to bring in Blackwell as a witness to testify on the subject. For us to require less would hardly square with due process or the holding in Townsend, supra.
We are not unaware of the decision of this Court in People v. Czarnecki, 241 Mich 696, handed down in 1928, long before the 1963 decision of the United States Supreme Court in Townsend v. Sain, supra. Czarnecki is, at all events, distinguishable from the instant case in that there the defendant did not, as here, seek to have the absolving prison inmate brought into court to testify in his behalf at the hearing, nor did the trial court indicate in any way that such request would have been denied. Thus the question in the instant case as to Avhether such denial is error was not there involved. Also, testimony of an officer in CsarnecM disclosed that the would-be absolver was unable to give vital information which would have been known to him had he actually perpetrated the robbery in question, thus tending to refute the truth of his confession. No such testimony came from officers in this case. Furthermore, this Court in that case stated that it was no more impressed by the convict’s affidavit than Avas the trial judge. There is nothing here upon which such conclusion by this Court could be based if it were a proper function of this Court to do so at all. As of now, we are not overly impressed by what this Court said in this connection in that case.
The case is remanded to the recorder’s court, for appointment of counsel if defendant desires, inas*513much as he has been found by that court to be an indigent, and for hearing on defendant’s motion for new trial with defendant permitted to subpoena and bring in relevant witnesses, including Blackwell as a witness on defendant’s claim of newly discovered evidence, so that there now may be a full and fair evidentiary hearing and determination by the trial court of whether a new trial should be granted.
Dethmers, Kelly, T. M. Kavanagh, and Adams, JJ., concurred.