Court Opinion

ID: 4679796
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-04-21 19:17:40.626238+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:03:51.185227
License: Public Domain

04/21/2021
        IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                         AT NASHVILLE
                               February 9, 2021 Session

          STATE OF TENNESSEE v. JONATHAN MICHAEL BASS

               Appeal from the Circuit Court for Williamson County
          Nos. II-CR180363A, II-CR180266B, II-CR180364, II-CR180654
                            Deanna B. Johnson, Judge
                     ___________________________________

                           No. M2020-00490-CCA-R3-CD
                       ___________________________________

The Defendant, Jonathan Michael Bass, pleaded guilty to one count of theft of property
valued at $2,500 or more, but less than $10,000, two counts of theft of property valued
over $1,000 but less than $2,500, one count of theft of property valued at $1,000 or less,
three counts of “doctor shopping,” and three counts of prescription drug fraud. The trial
court imposed partial consecutive sentencing for an effective sentence of eight years to be
served on supervised probation. On appeal, the Defendant asserts that the trial court erred
by ordering partial consecutive sentences. After review, we affirm the trial court’s
judgments.

  Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgments of the Circuit Court Affirmed

ROBERT W. WEDEMEYER, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which JOHN EVERETT
WILLIAMS, P.J., and ROBERT H. MONTGOMERY, JR., J., joined.

Vanessa Pettigrew Bryan, District Public Defender, Brian D. Wilson, Assistant District
Public Defender (on appeal), and J. Gregory Burlison, Assistant District Public Defender
(at hearing), Franklin, Tennessee, for the appellant, Jonathan Michael Bass.

Herbert H. Slatery III, Attorney General and Reporter; Caitlin Smith, Assistant Attorney
General; Kim R. Helper, District Attorney General, for the appellee, State of Tennessee.

                                       OPINION
                                         I. Facts
                                     A. Background

       This case arises from the Defendant’s participation in thefts at Macy’s and Walmart,
fraudulently obtaining prescriptions for controlled substances from numerous physicians,
and failing to fulfill an agreement to ship items for cancer patients after accepting payment
for the items. A Williamson County grand jury issued multiple indictments charging the
Defendant with theft and other fraudulent conduct. The Defendant’s wife, Lindsay King,
was indicted as a co-defendant in some, but not all, of the charges.1 Cumulatively, the
Defendant was charged with one count of theft of property valued at $2,500 or more but
less than $10,000, two counts of theft of property valued over $1,000 but less than $2,500,
three counts of theft of property valued at $1,000 or less, seven counts of doctor shopping
and seven counts of prescription drug fraud. Due to the numerous indictments and charges,
we summarize each of the charges in the indictments and the evidence supporting the trial
court’s acceptance of the Defendant’s guilty pleas as follows:

              1. II-CR180266 – Theft of $2,500 or More but Less than $10,000

        On April 9, 2018, in case II-CR180266, the grand jury indicted the Defendant for
theft of property valued at $2,500 or more but less than $10,000. The indictment alleged
that during the time period of September 1, 2017, through October 30, 2017, Rhonda
Svedeman, Dallas, Texas resident and business owner of Chemo Cold Packs, placed an
order with Ms. King for “cold caps.” Ms. Svedeman sent $3,550 as payment for cold caps
that never arrived in Texas. Sheriff’s Department Detective Grant Benedict investigated
and found bank records confirming the wire of the money to Ms. King’s account. The
Defendant insisted that he had shipped boxes containing the cold caps and was unaware
that they had not arrived until Ms. Svedeman notified him that the boxes had not arrived.
The Defendant confirmed that the cold caps were stored in a room of their home, contrary
to Ms. King’s assertion that the cold caps were kept in a separate storage area. The
Defendant told the detective that he “hoped to provide bank records” to support his claim
that the items were shipped. No bank records were produced and Federal Express showed
that no order had been placed to send those items or for pick-up from the Defendant’s
residence.

                   2. II-CR180363 - Thefts from Macy’s Department Store

       On June 11, 2018, in case II-CR180363, the grand jury indicted the Defendant for
two counts of theft of property valued over $1,000 but less than $2,500 (Counts 1 and 2)
and two counts of theft of property valued at $1,000 or less (Counts 3 and 4). On January
15, 2018, the Defendant and Ms. King entered the backstage area of Macy’s located at the
Cool Springs Galleria in Williamson County. Macy’s employees were familiar with the
Defendant and Ms. King due to “prior incidents” in the store. Surveillance video footage
recorded the Defendant and Ms. King hiding unpaid items, valued at $4,550, in Ms. King’s
purse and leaving the store (Count 1). On January 17, 2018, two days later, the Defendant

       1
           Ms. King pleaded guilty to her role in the offenses in exchange for a four-year probation sentence.
                                                    -2-
entered the backstage area of Macy’s and walked around the store collecting items. He
then took the items to an area near an exit where Ms. King entered, took the items, and left
the store without paying for them. The items were valued at $1,602 (Count 2).

      Counts 3 and 4 occurred on January 18, and January 19, 2018, at the same Macy’s
department store. The Defendant alone was charged with stealing items valued at less than
$1,000.

                         3. II-CR180364 – Theft from Walmart

       On June 11, 2018, the grand jury indicted the Defendant for theft of property valued
at $1,000 or less from a Walmart located in Williamson County. The indictment alleged
that on March 11, 2018, the Defendant entered a Walmart located on Mallory Lane and
took $657 worth of merchandise and left the store without paying for the items.

          4. II-CR180654 – Doctor Shopping and Prescription Drug Fraud

       On October 8, 2018, the grand jury issued a fourteen-count indictment charging the
Defendant with seven counts of doctor shopping, a Class A misdemeanor, and seven counts
of prescription drug fraud, a Class D felony. As part of the investigation, police obtained
the Controlled Substance Monitoring Database report for the Defendant. The report
revealed that the Defendant had obtained pain pill prescriptions from various doctors
within short periods of time and then filled the prescriptions at different pharmacies.
According to the report, on August 29, 2017, Dr. Jeffrey Watson prescribed the Defendant
oxycodone, and the prescription was filled at a Franklin Kroger on the same day. The
following is a summary of the prescriptions the Defendant obtained and was later indicted
for:

       Count 1: DOCTOR SHOPPING
       On August 31, 2017, The Defendant failed to notify Dr. Frank Molnar, a
       physician who wrote the Defendant a prescription for oxycodone, that he had
       already received a prescription for oxycodone from Dr. Jeffrey Watson on
       August 29, 2017.

       Count 2: PRESCRIPTION DRUG FRAUD
       On August 31, 2017, the Defendant used the prescription Dr. Molnar issued
       to obtain oxycodone by misrepresentation, fraud, forgery, deception or
       subterfuge.

       Count 3: DOCTOR SHOPPING

                                           -3-
On September 11, 2017, the Defendant failed to tell Dr. Gregory Cook that
he had received a prescription for oxycodone from Dr. Frank Molner on
August 31, 2017. Dr. Cook wrote the Defendant a prescription for
oxycodone.

Count 4: PRESCRIPTION DRUG FRAUD
On the same day the Defendant met with Dr. Cook, he used Dr. Cook’s
prescription to obtain oxycodone by misrepresentation, fraud, forgery,
deception or subterfuge at a Franklin CVS Pharmacy.

Count 5: DOCTOR SHOPPING
On September 14, 2017, the Defendant failed to tell Dr. Christopher Hendrix
that he had received a prescription for oxycodone from Dr. Gregory Cook on
September 11, 2017.

Count 6: PRESCRIPTION DRUG FRAUD
On the same day the Defendant received the prescription, he filled Dr.
Hendrix’s prescription for oxycodone at a Franklin CVS Pharmacy.

Count 7: DOCTOR SHOPPING
On September 15, 2017, the Defendant failed to tell Dr. Katie Norwind, who
prescribed hydrocodone for the Defendant, that Dr. Hendrix had issued and
the Defendant had filled a prescription for oxycodone the day before on
September 14, 2017.

Count 8: PRESCRIPTION DRUG FRAUD
On that same day the Defendant received the prescription, he filled Dr.
Norwind’s prescription for hydrocodone at a Franklin, Tennessee, Kroger.

Count 9: DOCTOR SHOPPING
On September 16, 2017, the Defendant failed to tell Dr. Tanner Boyd, who
issued the Defendant a prescription for oxycodone, that Dr. Katie Norwind,
had given him a prescription for hydrocodone on September 15, 2017.

Count 10: PRESCRIPTION DRUG FRAUD
After receipt of Dr. Boyd’s prescription for oxycodone, the Defendant filled
the prescription on the same day, September 16, 2017, at a Franklin,
Tennessee Publix Pharmacy.

Count 11: DOCTOR SHOPPING

                                   -4-
      On September 23, 2017, the Defendant failed to tell Dr. Jeffrey Jobe, who
      gave the Defendant a prescription for Tramadol, that Dr. Tanner Boyd had
      given him a prescription for oxycodone on September 16, 2017.

      Count 12: PRESCRIPTION DRUG FRAUD
      On the same day that the Defendant obtained the prescription from Dr. Jobe
      by misrepresentation and deception, he filled the prescription for the
      Schedule II drug at a Franklin, Tennessee CVS Pharmacy.

      Count 13: DOCTOR SHOPPING
      On October 20, 2017, the Defendant failed to tell Dr. Joseph Blythe, who
      prescribed the Defendant oxycodone, that Dr. Jobe had prescribed the
      Defendant Tramadol on September 23, 2017.

      Count 14: PRESCRIPTION DRUG FRAUD
      The Defendant filled the fraudulently obtained prescription for oxycodone
      on the same day he met with Dr. Blythe, October 20, 2017, at a Kroger in
      Franklin, Tennessee.

        In a negotiated plea agreement encompassing all the charges, the Defendant pleaded
guilty to: one count of theft of property valued at $2,500 or more but less than $10,000, a
Class D felony; two counts of theft of property valued over $1,000 but less than $2,500, a
Class E felony; one count of theft of property valued at $1,000 or less, a Class A
misdemeanor; three counts of doctor shopping, a Class A misdemeanor; and three counts
of prescription drug fraud, a Class D felony. Pursuant to the agreement, the trial court
dismissed two counts of theft that had occurred at Macy’s, four counts of doctor shopping,
and four counts of prescription drug fraud. The trial court was to determine the length and
manner of service of the sentences after a sentencing hearing.

                                  B. Sentencing Hearing

        Franklin Police Department Detective Zach Wolfe testified about his investigation
into allegations of doctor shopping and prescription drug fraud. It began when the
Defendant and Ms. King reported a vehicle burglary. Detective Wolfe recalled that the
couple reported stolen a large amount of controlled substances. The Defendant and Ms.
King claimed that on February 5, 2018, someone stole approximately eighty-four 30mg
oxycodone pills, twenty-five 8mg Zofran, ninety 10mg tamoxifen, four fentanyl patches,
sixteen 10mg zolpidem, and sixteen Xanax, from their vehicle. They explained that they
had locked the vehicle but one of the doors did not lock. Ms. King stated that she needed
a police report in order to have her medications refilled and that she had a chemotherapy
appointment the following day.
                                           -5-
       Although not investigated by Detective Wolfe, the record reflects that a similar
police report, filed in June 2017, indicated that the Defendant and Ms. King had claimed
twelve Ambien, sixty oxycodone, and thirty tamoxifen had been stolen from their vehicle.
They reported that the passenger door was damaged and did not lock. Ms. King had
reported that she had surgery scheduled for the next morning.

       Based upon the February 2018 vehicle burglary report, Detective Wolf requested
information related to the Defendant from the Controlled Substance Monitoring Database
(“CSMD”) that tracks all opiate prescriptions in the State of Tennessee. Detective Wolf
explained that Tennessee law prohibited duplicate prescriptions for opiates within a thirty-
day period. He said that people sometimes try to obtain prescriptions within a day or two
of another prescription without detection due to the delay in downloading prescription
information into the database. Review of the CSMD report related to the Defendant
revealed an indication of doctor shopping, or that the Defendant was seeking pain pill
prescriptions illegally by visiting multiple doctors without notifying a doctor of previous
prescriptions.

       After reviewing the CSMD report, Detective Wolf issued subpoenas for the medical
providers to further investigate. During this portion of the investigation, Detective Wolf
learned that the Defendant had been employed at Expert Spine Care where he had taken a
prescription pad and forged prescriptions. Detective Wolf then spoke with the Defendant,
who did not respond to the allegation of stealing a prescription pad from Expert Spine Care
but acknowledged that he had “a problem” with opiates. Detective Wolf testified that he
was aware of shoplifting incidents at Macy’s that occurred before his investigation of
possible doctor shopping began and of a shoplifting incident at a Walmart in Nashville,
Tennessee, that occurred after his investigation. He was also aware that the Defendant had
been arrested for driving on a suspended license.

       Detective Wolf testified that, based on his experience, he believed that doctor
shopping and prescription drug fraud was a “problem” in Williamson County. He stated,
“people that do get hooked to opiates, pain pills specifically, . . . usually start going down
a dark road. Thefts are common because they need that money to go and buy product. But
also, a lot of them will turn to heroin.” Detective Wolf confirmed that heroin is not a
substance one can obtain by prescription; a buyer of heroin would have to obtain it illegally
from a drug trafficker.

        Detective Wolf testified that the Defendant’s criminal behavior, as relevant to his
investigation, extended over the course of a year or a little longer. He confirmed various
criminal acts were committed beginning late in 2017 and extended through 2018 to a
citation for a suspended license in 2019. The trial court noted that the Defendant had
                                            -6-
admitted to using one to two grams of heroin and fentanyl daily. Upon further questioning
from the trial court, Detective Wolf testified that, in his experience, a gram a day is “pretty
common with heroin addicts.”

        Franklin Police Department Detective Craig Wright testified that, after Detective
Wolf’s investigation was complete, the police department was notified of allegations that
the Defendant was obtaining prescriptions by fraud again. Detective Wright began his
investigation of the subsequent allegations in December 2018. Southern Hills Hospital
notified the police department that the Defendant had presented with a “legitimate medical
situation.” Due to the Defendant’s prior involvement in obtaining prescriptions by fraud,
he had been placed on an “alert list.” Based upon the Defendant being on the list, hospital
staff prescribed a non-controlled substance. Upon learning of the prescription, the
Defendant became argumentative and disorderly, demanding Xanax. On January 2, 2019,
the Williamson Medical Group also notified the police department about an incident with
the Defendant. The Defendant presented with a legitimate medical concern, an abscess,
and a doctor prescribed three-days-worth of OxyContin. The Defendant soon returned
“demanding” more medication and became argumentative with the medical staff at the
facility.

        A third incident occurred in February 2019, when the Defendant attempted to fill a
prescription at Walgreens and did not like the process the pharmacy was using to do so.
He became loud and angry, refusing to leave until pharmacy employees threatened to call
the police. When the police arrived, they spoke with the Defendant and ultimately issued
a citation for driving on a suspended license. Detective Wright spoke with the Walgreens
pharmacist and learned that the Defendant had been trying to fill a prescription from St.
Thomas and a prescription from Beauchamp Animal Hospital. Detective Wright contacted
Dr. Dare, the veterinarian at Beauchamp Animal Hospital, and learned that the Defendant
had “passed a bad check” at the animal hospital and that the Defendant’s father later paid
the debt in order to avoid criminal prosecution. Dr. Dare told Detective Wright that he was
concerned because the Defendant asked for a large number of alprazolam for his dog. Dr.
Dare explained that, due to a dog’s fast metabolism, their bodies require much smaller
doses of a controlled substance than a human. Detective Wright explained that addicts
sought prescriptions from veterinarians because pet prescriptions were not entered into
CSMD.2

      Detective Wright testified that, in March 2018, he was notified that the Defendant
was involved in a traffic stop. Detective Wright went to the location and spoke with the

       2
         Upon further questioning by the trial court, Detective Wright noted that the law had since
changed the problem with opiate addiction and veterinarians were required to enter into CSMD
any prescription involving a controlled substance.
                                               -7-
Defendant about his investigation, issuing a “stern warning” that he would arrest the
Defendant if he went to another physician seeking prescriptions. He also offered to assist
the Defendant in getting help with an addiction if he wanted help. Detective Wright did
not see the Defendant again. He explained that, at the time he last saw the Defendant, he
was in the middle of his investigation and had not yet gathered enough evidence to arrest
or indict the Defendant.

       Detective Wright testified that, in his opinion, opiate addiction was a problem in
Williamson County. He explained that once addicts could not obtain more prescriptions,
they would seek heroin or a combination of heroin and fentanyl resulting in numerous
overdoses and overdose deaths. Detective Wright reiterated his concern that the use of
heroin and fentanyl is deadly and “a big issue” in Franklin, Tennessee.

       The State submitted the presentence report for the trial court’s consideration in
sentencing. The Defendant submitted a Certificate of Eligibility for Diversion. Michael
Bass, the Defendant’s father, then testified on the Defendant’s behalf. Mr. Bass was a
retired Metro Nashville Police officer. He testified that he and the Defendant’s mother
divorced when the Defendant was young. The Defendant never caused any trouble
growing up and graduated from Ravenwood High School. Following high school, the
Defendant enrolled in “Columbia State University” and studied to become an EMT while
employed at Williamson Medical Center.

       Mr. Bass noticed a change in his son when he began dating Ms. King. Ms. King
was “quite older” than the Defendant and had four children. The Defendant moved in with
Ms. King, and “the EMT and the school thing kind of fell apart.” The Defendant began
working as an anesthesiologist tech at Vanderbilt. Mr. Bass believed the Defendant was
doing well in the job, but one day the Defendant called Mr. Bass and said he intended to
quit his job to obtain his pilot’s license. Mr. Bass unsuccessfully attempted to discourage
the Defendant from quitting his job. The pilot’s license “kind of fell apart,” and the
Defendant gained employment at Sports Season, a sporting goods store.

        In 2014, Ms. King developed breast cancer, and she and the Defendant married. The
Defendant began asking Mr. Bass for money but soon obtained a job at Ascension St.
Thomas Hospital Midtown (“St. Thomas Hospital”) making “really good money.” Mr.
Bass was out of town when the Defendant called to tell him that the Defendant’s
employment with St. Thomas Hospital had been terminated. The Defendant was evasive
about the reason for his discharge and, according to Mr. Bass, was “never really employed”
after this time. Toward the end of 2014, Mr. Bass began seeing significant change in the
Defendant and sensed something was wrong.

                                           -8-
       The Defendant was hospitalized on several occasions and during one occasion, Mr.
Bass took the opportunity to ask about some changes in the Defendant’s behavior that were
concerning. In response, the Defendant became “combative” toward Mr. Bass and denied
any drug use. The Defendant frequently asked Mr. Bass and the Defendant’s grandmother,
Mr. Bass’s mother, for money which led to several arguments. In 2018, Mr. Bass learned
of the Macy’s theft charges and was “dumbfounded.” He said this type of behavior
continued for about a year and a half.

       At some point, the Defendant expressed a willingness for treatment and enrolled in
a five-day detox program at Rolling Hills. The Defendant was then to enter JourneyPure
in Knoxville for a thirty-day rehabilitation program. The Defendant stayed for a week
before deciding he did not “fit[] in.” The Defendant moved in with Mr. Bass and enrolled
in an out-patient program at Rolling Hills. Mr. Bass believed the Defendant was doing
well in the program and progressing. The Defendant began taking suboxone through a
doctor to help with his rehabilitation. The Defendant obtained employment with Papa
John’s and, according to Mr. Bass, was progressing into leadership roles with the company.
Mr. Bass stated that the Defendant had an excellent support system and hoped to return to
a career in the medical field.

       On cross-examination, Mr. Bass confirmed that he became suspicious that
something was “not right” with the Defendant in 2015 and that the Defendant did not seek
treatment until August 2019. He acknowledged that, in May 2016, Ms. King set up a credit
card account in the Defendant’s grandmother’s name. The Defendant denied any
involvement in establishing the fraudulent account, and the account was “dissolved.” Mr.
Bass stated that no formal charges were ever filed regarding this account.

       The Defendant testified that he was drawn to the medical/first responder field early
in his life. At age sixteen, he served as a volunteer firefighter for the Nolensville Fire
Department and then worked as a “transporter” at Williamson Medical Center after he
finished “EMT school.” He then worked at Vanderbilt Hospital and learned “blood
management skills.” As he was planning for his career and future, he never imagined he
would face criminal charges. He explained that his presence in court was a result of “some
bad decisions…, a bad marriage, a very volatile marriage,” and an ill wife.

       When the Defendant’s wife was first diagnosed with cancer, the Defendant had a
“working contract” with a profusion company and worked at St. Thomas Hospital. He
described this as a good job allowing him to provide for his wife and her four children.
The Defendant said that his addiction issues began after his second shoulder surgery when
he was referred to a pain clinic. He described his addiction, saying “the pills start, they run
out and then the pills on the street run out, and then you know, the heroin starts and then
the fentanyl starts laced with that. And it’s just a very vicious cycle.” The Defendant said
                                             -9-
that he developed a tolerance to the pain medication that caused him to take more and more
pills. If he stopped taking the pills, he experienced withdrawal. The Defendant began
taking Xanax to try to counteract the withdrawal symptoms.

        The Defendant testified that he had a strong support system but had not relied on
his support system out of fear and guilt. Since addressing his addiction, he believed he had
stronger relationships. The Defendant stated that he was accepting responsibility for the
thefts at Macy’s, Walmart, and “the cold-caps.” He said that, if not for his addiction, he
would never have stolen because he knew that stealing was wrong. He expressed remorse
for “the things [he] did.” He said that May 26, 2019, was the day he decided to quit using
drugs. He admitted at an emergency room and was transferred to a detox program.
Following detox, he wanted to continue treatment and enrolled at JourneyPure. He said
the facility was understaffed, “nasty,” and dirty. He felt this facility was “not the right fit,”
so he enrolled in an out-patient program at Rolling Hills.

       The Defendant testified that he found a suboxone clinic in Franklin, Tennessee, for
treatment for a few months and then transferred to a clinic in Springfield, Tennessee. He
described suboxone treatment as a “tremendous backbone” to his recovery. The Defendant
talked about his counseling and the oversight at the suboxone clinic. The Defendant denied
any alcohol use since he had entered treatment in 2019. When confronted with the
presentence report indicating he last drank alcohol in 2020, the Defendant suggested that
the probation officer who conducted the presentence interview misunderstood him. He
confirmed his understanding that there were alternative sentencing options the trial court
could order in his case. He stated he was willing to accept any recommendations from the
court “to show that, you know, this is something I’m very serious about.”

        The Defendant reported having applied to a Day Reporting Center and a Drug
Recovery Court program. The Day Reporting Center declined to admit him into their
intensive program due to his use of suboxone but recommended an additional two hours of
treatment, once a week. The Drug Recovery Court program did not “accept” the Defendant
“under the circumstances.” The Defendant stated that he would have been willing to
participate in either program. The Defendant did not attend AA or NA meetings but
attended therapy “at [his] clinic.” The Defendant identified a letter from David J. Williams,
Mr. Bass’s long-time friend. The letter detailed how he had come to mentor the Defendant
at the request of Mr. Bass. Mr. Williams wrote that the Defendant had expressed remorse
and a strong desire to address his addictions. The Defendant also identified a letter from
his uncle that outlined the Defendant’s remorse and efforts to rehabilitate.

        The Defendant testified about his intention to return to work in the medical field,
specifically “Blood Management Technologies.” He acknowledged Detective Wright’s
concern about his access to possible triggers in the medical field but believed that
                                             - 10 -
“whatever is in front of me . . .it won’t phase me.” The Defendant expressed concern about
how a felony record might prevent him from achieving his career goals. When asked if he
was willing to accept any punishment the trial court imposed, the Defendant responded,
“I’m willing to do anything.”

        On cross-examination, the Defendant admitted that, in 2017, Ms. King borrowed
$20,000 from Sam Ray, an acquaintance. He agreed that he promised Mr. Ray he would
pay the money back with a bonus he was to receive from work. He denied any knowledge
of the details of the arrangement, explaining that Ms. King orchestrated the whole incident.
He contended it was “all my wife.” He agreed that he did not pay Mr. Ray the promised
money. Upon further questioning by the trial court, the Defendant admitted that he was
with Ms. King when Mr. Ray gave her the check at a bank in Cool Springs. Although
present at the transaction, the Defendant denied any knowledge of why Mr. Ray gave Ms.
King the check. The trial court noted that it seemed “far fetched” that the Defendant had
no knowledge about a “random guy giving your wife $20,000.” The Defendant maintained
that the extent of his knowledge was that Mr. Ray gave his wife a check.

       The Defendant testified that between 2013 and 2016, he worked at St. Thomas
Hospital. During this time, he “obtained prescription fraud unbeknown” and was
terminated but not criminally charged. After termination from his employment with St.
Thomas, the Defendant worked for Dr. Blythe, a neurosurgeon, without telling Dr. Blythe
about the prescription fraud incident at St. Thomas Hospital. He explained that he did not
disclose this information because he wanted to start his new job with “a clean slate.”

       Upon further questioning from the trial court, the Defendant explained what
occurred at St. Thomas Hospital in more detail. He obtained prescription pads from post-
surgery recovery. He lied to the surgical nurses to gain access to the prescriptions, forged
the prescriptions given to him approximately seven or eight times, and then took the
fraudulent prescription to a pharmacy to obtain pain medication. When this conduct was
discovered, he was terminated. He explained that he was employed with Dr. Blythe for a
short period before Dr. Blythe learned that the Defendant was forging the physician’s
signature on prescriptions for the Defendant’s use.

       The Defendant testified that he was charged with a theft in Davidson County that
was later dismissed based upon his payment of restitution. The Defendant could not
explain from where he was getting money from 2017 to 2018 to pay for the heroin and
fentanyl he was using at the time. He said that Ms. King “always had . . . some kind of
scam” and he admitted that he was “involved.” The Defendant denied any knowledge of
the “cold-caps.” He said that all he knew about this incident was that the “shipments” were
“out front” and then “they weren’t.” Upon further questioning, he admitted that he told

                                           - 11 -
Detective Benedict that there never were any shipments but maintained that he was not
involved in the cold-caps order.

       The Defendant testified that he stole perfume from Macy’s. About this arrest, he
said that he “got busted” after a “sting set up.” He said that he had sold the stolen perfume.
When asked further details, he stated that Ms. King “handled all of that.” He recalled that
he was trying to work odd jobs while Ms. King handled the stolen items. When confronted
with his prior testimony that he was not working at this time, he said “I had a drug issue
and that was controlling everything.” Upon further questioning about how he paid for
heroin, he admitted that he used money given to him by his grandmother. He maintained
that he had no knowledge of the credit card account fraudulently established in his
grandmother’s name. The Defendant admitted that the two police reports, filed in 2017
and 2018, regarding items stolen during a vehicle burglary were false reports. The
Defendant agreed that his criminal behavior had occurred over at least a three-year period.

        The State called witnesses to testify about the Defendant’s denial of any knowledge
about the loan with Sam Ray and his denial that, during his presentence report interview,
he stated that he had last drunk alcohol in 2020. The Defendant maintained that he had not
drunk any alcohol since he entered treatment and the indication otherwise on the
presentence report was a misunderstanding. Michelle Banks conducted the presentence
interview with the Defendant and prepared the presentence report for sentencing. At the
sentencing hearing, she confirmed that the Defendant had not only told her that he had
most recently drunk alcohol in 2020 but that he had also written the response on the
presentence report questionnaire. As to the Defendant’s denial of any involvement in the
loan from Sam Ray, Dana McClendon, an attorney retained by Mr. Ray to address the
failure to repay the $20,000 loan, testified about his communication with the Defendant
about repayment of the loan and a document he had reviewed indicating the Defendant
promised to repay the loan.

        The trial court addressed a victim impact letter submitted by Ms. Svedeman. In the
letter, Ms. Svedeman, a cancer survivor, described her small company with the main goal
of helping cancer patients. Ms. Svedeman purchased the cold caps to help cancer patients
prevent hair loss due to chemotherapy. The sum, $3,550, was “a huge loss” for their small
company.

       After hearing this evidence, the trial court summarized the testimony and stated that
it found Ms. Banks and Mr. McClendon’s testimony credible but not the Defendant’s
testimony. The trial court noted that the Defendant “minimized his conduct” during his
testimony, and the trial court identified conflicting testimony from the Defendant that
indicated a lack of candor. The trial court then recited the statutory considerations used in
determining the appropriate sentence. The trial court stated that the Defendant was to be
                                            - 12 -
sentenced as a Range I, standard offender and had pleaded guilty to; three counts of
prescription drug fraud, three counts of doctor shopping, one count of theft of property
valued over $2,500 for his role in the cold-caps incident, two counts of theft of property
valued over $1,000 at Macy’s, and one count of theft of property valued under $1,000 at
Walmart. The trial court noted that some of the charges had been dismissed as part of the
plea negotiations and some criminal behavior had never been charged. The trial court
mentioned the stolen prescriptions from St. Thomas Hospital and Dr. Blythe. In addition,
it considered the Defendant’s admission to purchasing illegal drugs, heroin and fentanyl,
from drug traffickers. In mitigation, the trial court found that the Defendant had engaged
in “self-rehabilitation” by gaining employment and seeking treatment.

       The prescription drug fraud convictions, Class D felonies, had a sentencing range
of two to four years. The trial court sentenced the Defendant to three years for each of the
prescription drug fraud convictions and eleven months and twenty-nine days for each of
the doctor shopping convictions, Class A misdemeanors (II-CR180654). Noting the
“egregious” circumstances in case II-CR 180266, where the Defendant deprived cancer
patients of a treatment product and the financial damage to a small company seeking to
help cancer patients, the trial court imposed a three-year sentence for theft of property
valued at $2,500 or more but less than $10,000, a Class D felony. In case II-CR180364,
the Macy’s thefts, the sentencing range for the two Class E felonies was one to two years,
and the trial court imposed two-year sentences for each conviction. Finally, the trial court
imposed a sentence of eleven months and twenty-nine days for the Walmart theft of
property valued at $1,000 or less, a Class A misdemeanor.

       Based upon the numerous charges against the Defendant in the four indictments as
well as the uncharged criminal conduct of the Defendant, the trial court found that the
Defendant had an extensive record of criminal activity. See T.C.A. § 40-35-115(b)(2)
(2019). Based upon this finding, the trial court ordered partial consecutive sentencing for
an effective sentence of eight years. The trial court declined to grant judicial diversion but
ordered that the effective eight-year sentence be served on supervised probation. It is from
these judgments that the Defendant now appeals.

                                        II. Analysis

       On appeal, the Defendant asserts that the trial court erred when it imposed partial
consecutive sentences. He claims that the trial court’s failure to articulate its reasoning on
the record requires reversal of the trial court’s imposition of an eight-year probation
sentence. He argues that the trial court made a “clearly erroneous assessment of the proof”
and that his sentence does not comply with the purposes and principles of sentencing. The
State responds that the trial court specified the Defendant’s crimes in support of its finding

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that the Defendant had an extensive criminal history and that those findings are supported
by the record. We agree with the State.

       Our supreme court has adopted an abuse of discretion standard of review for
sentencing and has prescribed “a presumption of reasonableness to within-range sentencing
decisions that reflect a proper application of the purposes and principles of our Sentencing
Act.” State v. Bise, 380 S.W.3d 682, 707 (Tenn. 2012). The application of the purposes
and principles of sentencing involves a consideration of “[t]he potential or lack of potential
for the rehabilitation or treatment of the defendant . . . in determining the sentence
alternative or length of a term to be imposed.” T.C.A. § 40-35-103(5) (2019). Trial courts
are “required under the 2005 amendments to ‘place on the record, either orally or in writing,
what enhancement or mitigating factors were considered, if any, as well as the reasons for
the sentence, in order to ensure fair and consistent sentencing.’” Bise, 380 S.W.3d at 698-
99 (quoting T.C.A. § 40-35-210(e)). Under the holding in Bise, “[a] sentence should be
upheld so long as it is within the appropriate range and the record demonstrates that the
sentence is otherwise in compliance with the purposes and principles listed by statute.” Id.
at 709-10.

       With respect to consecutive sentencing, our supreme court has held that the standard
of review adopted in Bise “applies similarly” to the imposition of consecutive sentences,
“giving deference to the trial court’s exercise of its discretionary authority to impose
consecutive sentences if it has provided reasons on the record establishing at least one of
the seven grounds listed in Tennessee Code Annotated section 40-35-115(b).” State v.
Pollard, 432 S.W.3d 851, 861 (Tenn. 2013).

       As to the Defendant’s contention that the trial court failed to provide reasons on the
record to establish that the Defendant had an extensive history of criminal activity, we
disagree. Our review of the record reveals that the trial court made lengthy findings, more
than thirty-five pages of the transcript, at the sentencing hearing. The trial court recounted
the testimony in detail, emphasizing the Defendant’s criminal activity, both charged and
uncharged. The trial court’s findings are more than adequate for our review.

       The trial court found that the defendant had a lengthy criminal history as evidenced
by the presentence investigation report, witness testimony, and the Defendant’s own
statements. The trial court also noted the Defendant’s lack of candor with the court and
that his testimony was not credible. The trial court further noted the chronology of the
offenses, highlighting instances where the Defendant would have been released from jail
on bond at the time he committed another offense. The trial court recounted the
Defendant’s admissions to illegal drug use, uncharged thefts, and false reports to the police,
in addition to the offenses for which he was being sentenced.

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        The record supports the trial court’s findings. The Defendant’s presentence
investigation report shows two charges for driving with a revoked license that occurred
within months of one another. The record also reflects the Davidson County theft from
Walmart, about which the Defendant testified that the charge was dismissed upon his
payment of restitution. The Defendant admitted to providing false reports to police officers
on two separate occasions in order to fraudulently obtain additional pain medication. He
testified that while working at St. Thomas Hospital and while working for Dr. Blythe, he
fraudulently obtained and used prescriptions to get pain medication numerous times. The
Defendant was terminated from both places of employment for this conduct but never
prosecuted. Detective Wright testified to the Defendant’s use of his dog to obtain
prescriptions for alprazolam for his own use, and the Defendant’s passing a worthless
check at the animal hospital. Further, the Defendant admitted to illegally purchasing and
using heroin and fentanyl. The Defendant’s criminal conduct continued from 2017 to 2019.
In addition to the Defendant’s uncharged criminal conduct, the Williamson County grand
jury issued four indictments charging the Defendant with twenty counts of criminal
offenses occurring on different dates. As part of the plea negotiation, the State agreed to a
dismissal of ten of the charges; however, there was adequate evidence in the record to
indicate that the Defendant engaged in the criminal activity charged.

      The trial court found the Defendant’s record of criminal activity was extensive.
Tennessee Code Annotated section 40-35-11(b)(2) permits a trial court to impose
consecutive sentences if it “finds by a preponderance of the evidence that . . . [t]he
defendant is an offender whose record of criminal activity is extensive.” T.C.A. § 40-35-
115(b)(2). The trial court’s finding of an extensive criminal history, which is amply
supported by the record, is “a sufficient basis for the imposition of consecutive sentences.”
Pollard, 432 S.W.3d at 862.

       Accordingly, the trial court did not err in ordering partial consecutive sentencing.
There was ample evidence in the record supporting the factor relied upon by the trial court
to order consecutive sentencing in this case. See State v. Adams, 973 S.W.2d 224 (Tenn.
Crim. App. 1997) (“Extensive criminal history alone will support consecutive
sentencing.”). The Defendant is not entitled to relief.

                                      III. Conclusion

       Based on the foregoing, we affirm the trial court’s judgments.

                                              ____________________________________
                                                   ROBERT W. WEDEMEYER, JUDGE
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