Court Opinion

ID: 4600150
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-11-20 19:24:53.7662+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T07:52:15.697653
License: Public Domain

Bramlette Building Corporation, Inc., Petitioner v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, RespondentBramlette Bldg. Corp. v. CommissionerDocket No. 5920-66United States Tax Court52 T.C. 200; 1969 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 139; May 5, 1969, Filed 1969 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 139">*139 Decision will be entered for the respondent.  Petitioner owned and operated an office building. It rented space to tenants and provided the usual and customary services in connection therewith.  In addition, it leased space to operators of a barbershop, a drugstore, and a lunch counter, and it provided incidental services for the repair of machines and furniture. Held, that its gross receipts constituted "rents" under sec. 1372(e)(5), I.R.C. 1954, and sec. 1.1372-4(b)(5)(iv), Income Tax Regs., thus causing a termination of petitioner's election to be taxed as a small business corporation under sec. 1372(a), I.R.C. 1954.  Held, further, that parking lot rentals were received under a claim of right and were properly included in petitioner's income in 1963 and 1964.  Held, further, that petitioner, which is on the cash basis of accounting, is not entitled to claimed salary deductions for its president in 1963 and 1964 because no salaries were paid to him in such years.  John M. Smith, for the petitioner.Harold L. Cook, for the respondent.  Dawson, Judge.  DAWSON52 T.C. 200">*200  Respondent determined income tax deficiencies against petitioner for the years 1963 and 1964 in the respective amounts of $ 3,250.40 and $ 2,172.91.There are three issues for decision: (1) Did petitioner receive more than 20 percent of its gross receipts in 1963 and 1964 from "rents" so that its election to be taxed as a small business corporation under section 13721 terminated? (2) Did petitioner erroneously include certain rents from a parking lot in its gross income for 1963 and 1964?  (3) Is petitioner, a cash basis taxpayer, entitled to a salary 52 T.C. 200">*201  deduction for the years 1963 and 1964 for services rendered by its president, although it did not pay any salary to him during such years?1969 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 139">*141  FINDINGS OF FACTSome of the facts have been stipulated and are found accordingly.Bramlette Building Corp. (herein called petitioner) is a Texas corporation which had its principal place of business in Longview, Tex., at the time it filed its petition and amended petition in this case.On December 12, 1962, petitioner elected to be taxed as a small business corporation under section 1372(a).  It timely filed its 1963 and 1964 Federal small business corporation income tax returns, Form 1120-S, with the district director of internal revenue at Dallas, Tex.From the date it was organized until the present, petitioner has had only one class of stock.  Joseph Bramlette, petitioner's president (herein called Joseph), has always owned 99.86 percent of the stock.  The remaining stock during the years in issue was owned by Joseph's uncle Paul Bramlette and Trulah Pope, each having 0.07 percent, respectively.Petitioner's principal asset is an office building, the Bramlette Building, located in the downtown area of Longview, Tex.  Its income for the years 1963 and 1964 consisted entirely of payments for the use or right to use office space in the building and amounts received from its tenants1969 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 139">*142  for use of a nearby parking lot.During the years 1963 and 1964 petitioner employed 10 persons: Three maids, two porters, two elevator operators, a maintenance engineer, a secretary, and a night watchman.  The maids cleaned the offices and the common passageways of the building.  The porters assisted the tenants in moving into the building and in moving and rearranging furniture if and when the tenants changed offices within the building.  The maintenance engineer took care of the air conditioning, heating, and electrical equipment of the building, and when he had time he would repair machines, furniture, and furnishings which belonged to the tenants. No charges, as such, were made to the tenants for the services rendered by petitioner's employees.Periodically, portions of the building were remodeled and painted.  With respect to the remodeling, tenants would advise the maintenance engineer what they wanted, and he would convey such information to Joseph.  If Joseph approved, the engineer would then obtain estimates from various contractors.  The cost of remodeling was borne either by petitioner or the tenant depending upon its nature and extent.  If a tenant wanted something custom1969 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 139">*143  made, he would have to pay for it himself because once he vacated the premises the facilities would be of little or no value to petitioner.52 T.C. 200">*202  During the years 1963 and 1964 petitioner leased space to tenants who respectively operated a barbershop, a drugstore, and a lunch counter.Petitioner provided, as part of the rental, a storage area and a lounge for the convenience of some of its tenants.On or about January 10, 1957, Joseph and Paul Bramlette jointly purchased real property located near the building, and in January 1958 they served the joint ownership with each taking title to one-half of the real property.  Joseph purchased the property as a parking lot for the tenants of the building.  Petitioner has collected the rents from its tenants for the use of this parking lot since it was first acquired by Joseph.  It has deposited such rental income in its bank account; it has used the income in its corporate business during the years 1957 through 1967 without any restrictions; and it has reported the income on its Federal corporation income tax return as its income.  Petitioner has never paid over any of the rental income from the parking lot to Joseph, nor has it ever 1969 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 139">*144  set up an account on its books reflecting a liability to Joseph for such income.  In its amended petition, petitioner alleges that the rental income from the parking lot was erroneously included in its gross income on its Federal income tax returns for the years 1963 and 1964.In his notice of deficiency dated August 5, 1966, respondent determined that petitioner's election to have the corporate taxable income taxed to the shareholders should be terminated because more than 20 percent of the corporate gross receipts was derived from rents.Petitioner maintains its books and records and files its Federal income tax returns on the cash receipts and disbursements method of accounting.  Petitioner neither authorized nor paid Joseph a salary in 1963 or 1964.  There was no agreement or authorization for a salary to be paid him during such years.  On its 1963 and 1964 Federal income tax returns, petitioner did not claim any amount as a deduction for Joseph's salary. In its amended petition, however, petitioner alleges that it should be allowed a deduction of $ 8,160 for the year 1963 and of $ 7,200 for the year 1964 as salary for Joseph.OPINION1. Termination of Section 1372 Election1969 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 139">*145  .  -- The first issue is whether respondent correctly terminated petitioner's subchapter S election. See Max Feingold, 49 T.C. 461">49 T.C. 461 (1968).Section 1372(e)(5), as applicable to the years in controversy, provided:52 T.C. 200">*203 SEC. 1372.  ELECTION BY SMALL BUSINESS CORPORATION.(e) Termination. -- * * * *(5) Personal holding company income.  -- An election under subsection (a) made by a small business corporation shall terminate if, for any taxable year of the corporation for which the election is in effect, such corporation has gross receipts more than 20 percent of which is derived from royalties, rents, dividends, interest, annuities, and sales or exchanges of stock or securities (gross receipts from such sales or exchanges being taken into account for purposes of this paragraph only to the extent of gains therefrom).  Such termination shall be effective for the taxable year of the corporation in which it has gross receipts of such amount, and for all succeeding taxable years of the corporation.Section 1.1372-4(b)(5)(iv), Income Tax Regs., then provided as follows:(iv) Rents.  The term "rents" as used in section 1372(e)(5) means amounts1969 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 139">*146  received for the use of, or right to use, property (whether real or personal) of the corporation, whether or not such amounts constitute 50 percent or more of the gross income of the corporation for the taxable year. The term "rents" does not include payments for the use or occupancy of rooms or other space where significant services are also rendered to the occupant, such as for the use or occupancy of rooms or other quarters in hotels, boarding houses, or apartment houses furnishing hotel services, or in tourist homes, motor courts, or motels.  Generally, services are considered rendered to the occupant if they are primarily for his convenience and are other than those usually or customarily rendered in connection with the rental of rooms or other space for occupancy only.  The supplying of maid service, for example, constitutes such services; whereas the furnishing of heat and light, the cleaning of public entrances, exits, stairways and lobbies, the collection of trash, etc., are not considered as services rendered to the occupant. Payments for the use or occupancy of entire private residences or living quarters in duplex or multiple housing units, of offices in an1969 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 139">*147  office building, etc., are generally "rents" under section 1372(e)(5).  Payments for the parking of automobiles ordinarily do not constitute rents. Payments for the warehousing of goods or for the use of personal property do not constitute rents if significant services are rendered in connection with such payments.  [Emphasis added.]Petitioner points out that neither the statute nor the regulations precludes a corporation which owns an office building and rents space therein from making an election under section 1372(a).  This is true, but as a practical matter the gross receipts requirement of section 1372(e)(5) makes it very difficult for a corporation whose only asset is an office building to qualify for subchapter S treatment.  2 Petitioner 52 T.C. 200">*204  does not challenge the validity of the regulations, yet it ignores the sentence therein which provides: "Payments for the use or occupancy * * * of offices in an office building * * * are generally 'rents' under section 1372(e)(5)." By ignoring this provision, we can only infer that petitioner believes that in some way it may either vanish or is qualified by the language that payments for the use of property are rents if "significant1969 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 139">*148  services" are rendered to the occupant.Section 1.1372-4(b)(5)(iv), Income Tax Regs., does not lay down a hard-and-fast rule that all payments for the use of offices in an office building are rents. But it does provide that such payments are "generally" rents. This necessarily implies that there can be certain extraordinary or special situations in which the described payments are not to be considered "rents" for purposes of section 1372 and suggests that this particular provision ought1969 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 139">*149  to be read in light of the prior provision which excludes from the definition of "rents" those payments for the use of property, including offices in an office building, if "significant services" are rendered primarily for the convenience of the occupant and are other than those "usually or customarily" rendered in connection with the rental of rooms or other space for occupancy only.Petitioner contends that, while its gross receipts represent payments for the use or right to use its property, they are not "rents" within the meaning of section 1372(e)(5) because it rendered "significant services" which were primarily for the convenience of the tenants and were other than those "usually or customarily" rendered in connection with the rental of space in an office building. Respondent counters with the argument that petitioner's election was properly terminated because more than 20 percent of its gross receipts constituted rents, i.e., payments for the use or occupancy of petitioner's property.  He further argues that petitioner's services were those "usually or customarily rendered" to office building occupants, and, in any event, that the services were not "significant."We are thus1969 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 139">*150  confronted with these questions: Were the services provided by petitioner other than those "usually or customarily rendered" in connection with the rental of office space for occupancy only?  If so, were the services "significant" within the purview of section 1.1372-4(b)(5)(iv)?Petitioner maintains that it provided a barbershop, drugstore, and lunch counter for the convenience of the tenants and that its efforts in this respect constituted services not usually furnished to tenants. Petitioner provided these facilities for the tenants only in the sense that it leased space to various individuals who operated the barbershop, drugstore, and lunch counter. In our opinion the mere leasing of space to a third party, who performs services for the other tenants 52 T.C. 200">*205  of the office building, does not constitute the providing of services within the meaning of the regulations. Nor do the services which may have been rendered to the tenants of the office building by the operators of the barbershop, drugstore, and lunch counter qualify as services rendered by petitioner.  It is perfectly clear that no part of the amounts paid petitioner for the use of its property was for its efforts 1969 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 139">*151  in obtaining the barber, druggist, and lunch counter operator as tenants, or for the services rendered by such tenants.Similarly, the providing of the storage area and the lounge for the convenience of some of the tenants does not constitute the "services" contemplated by the regulations for the simple reason that no services were rendered in connection with such facilities.The only services rendered by petitioner to its tenants were those performed by the three maids, two porters, two elevator operators, the maintenance engineer, and the night watchman.  Petitioner has failed to establish that the services rendered by these employees were any different than those generally provided in connection with the rental of offices in an office building. We think they are essentially the same as those customarily furnished to tenants of an office building. On cross-examination petitioner's president admitted as much:Q. [By respondent's counsel.] Now in connection with the maids, porters, building engineers, elevator operators, and these other people surrounding the building, aren't those regular services performed by most buildings, office buildings? I mean, don't they generally have 1969 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 139">*152  them?A. [By Joseph.] I should think so.The services rendered in conjunction with the remodeling and painting of portions of the building were no different than those normally required to maintain a building in good rental condition.Of all the services rendered by petitioner only one might be deemed to qualify as a service other than those "usually or customarily" rendered in connection with the rental of office space, and that is the service provided by the maintenance engineer in repairing machines, furniture, and furnishings belonging to the tenants. But even as to this service, petitioner has provided us with no evidence to show whether it was significant.  The record is silent as to how much time the maintenance engineer spent repairing the tenants' machines or furniture or how many tenants availed themselves of such services.  In all probability they were insignificant because the maintenance engineer testified that he made such repairs only "when he had time." And, in view of his other duties relating to the air conditioning, the heating, and the electrical equipment of the building, the inference we draw is that he had little time to devote to such repair services.All in1969 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 139">*153  all, we conclude that the services provided by petitioner were those "usually or customarily" rendered in connection with the 52 T.C. 200">*206  rental of office space. Therefore, except for the repair services, we need not determine whether the others were "significant" within the meaning of the regulations.We hold that respondent properly terminated petitioner's election under section 1372(e)(5) since more than 20 percent of its gross receipts was from "rents."2. Rental Income From Parking Lot.  -- Petitioner claims that the rental income of $ 2,670 in 1963 and $ 2,680 in 1964 received from the parking lot was rent from real property belonging to Joseph in his individual capacity and was included in its gross income by mistake.  Respondent, on the other hand, argues that petitioner received the rental income from the parking lot under a claim of right without any restriction as to its use and that it is includable in its gross income at the time of receipt under the rule of North American Oil Consolidated v. Burnet, 286 U.S. 417">286 U.S. 417 (1932). We agree with respondent.In the North American case the Supreme Court held that funds received by a taxpayer1969 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 139">*154  under a claim of right and without restriction as to their disposition are includable in taxable income at the time of receipt, even though repayment of part or all of the funds may be required in a later year.  "There is a claim of right when funds are received and treated by a taxpayer as belonging to him." Healy v. Commissioner, 345 U.S. 278">345 U.S. 278, 345 U.S. 278">282 (1953). The evidence in this case compels the conclusion that petitioner received and treated the rental income from the parking lot as its own.  It collected and deposited the income in its bank account; it never set up an account on its books to indicate a liability to Joseph from such income; it used the income without restriction in its corporate business; and it reported the amounts received as its income on its Federal income tax returns from 1957 through 1967.Although petitioner filed amended returns on October 11, 1968, indicating that the $ 2,670 and the $ 2,680 had been erroneously included in its income for the years 1963 and 1964, it offered no evidence that it has paid Joseph the amounts allegedly reported by mistake, or that it has established an account on its books to reflect an obligation1969 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 139">*155  for these amounts to Joseph.  Petitioner's contention that the income was included in its gross income by mistake does not alter the fact that it received the rental income under a claim of right without restriction as to its disposition.  Nor is it material that Joseph held legal title to the parking lot. We believe the petitioner received the rental income in 1963 and 1964 from the parking lot under a claim of right and properly included it in its income.  "A mistaken claim is nonetheless a claim." 345 U.S. 278">Healy v. Commissioner, supra at 282.52 T.C. 200">*207  3. Claimed Salary Deduction.  -- There is no merit to petitioner's contention that it is entitled to deduct $ 8,160 and $ 7,200 as Joseph's salary in 1963 and 1964.  Its reliance on Walter J. Roob, 50 T.C. 891">50 T.C. 891 (1968), is entirely misplaced. Section 1.461-1(a)(1), Income Tax Regs., provides that, as to taxpayers using the cash receipts and disbursements method of accounting, "amounts representing allowable deductions shall, as a general rule, be taken into account for the taxable year in which paid." The record herein shows that petitioner is a cash basis taxpayer and 1969 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 139">*156  that during the years 1963 and 1964 it paid no salary to Joseph.  Accordingly, section 1.461-1(a)(1) precludes petitioner from deducting any amount as salary from its gross income for those years.Decision will be entered for the respondent.  Footnotes1. All statutory references are to the Internal Revenue Code of 1954, as amended, unless otherwise indicated.↩2. The purpose of sec. 1372 has been described as follows:When the "passthrough" type of tax treatment was provided for corporations, Congress decided to limit the availability of this treatment to small businesses actively engaged in trades or businesses.  Therefore, it denied this treatment to corporations with large amounts of passive income.  * * * [Emphasis added.  S. Rept. No. 1007, 89th Cong., 2d Sess., p. 8 (1966), 1966-1 C.B. 532↩; H. Rept. No. 1238, 89th Cong., 2d Sess., p. 8 (1966).]