Court Opinion

ID: 4555419
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-08-13 20:00:51.170061+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:21:09.743958
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                                  FILED
                       UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                                AUG 13 2020
                                                                                MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                                  U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                               FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,                              No.     19-30088

                  Plaintiff-Appellee,                  D.C. No.
                                                       3:11-cr-00074-TMB-1
  v.

GERARDO ADAM CAZAREZ                                   MEMORANDUM*
VALENZUELA, AKA Gary Cazarez,

                  Defendant-Appellant.

                     Appeal from the United States District Court
                              for the District of Alaska
                  Timothy M. Burgess, Chief District Judge, Presiding

                                Submitted August 10, 2020**
                                    Anchorage, Alaska

Before: RAWLINSON, MURGUIA, and R. NELSON, Circuit Judges.

       Defendant Gerardo Adam Cazarez Valenzuela (“Valenzuela”) pleaded guilty

to theft of bank funds in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 656. The district court applied a

two-level sentence enhancement under section 2B1.1(b)(16)(B) of the United

States Sentencing Guidelines (U.S.S.G.) for “possession of a dangerous weapon

       *
              This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as
provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
       **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without oral
argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
(including a firearm) in connection with the offense.” Valenzuela now appeals,

contending the enhancement does not apply because he did not physically possess

a firearm while removing cash from the bank. Because the parties are familiar

with the facts, we will not recount them here. We have jurisdiction under 28

U.S.C. § 1291, and we affirm.

      “[A] district court’s application of the Sentencing Guidelines to the facts of a

given case should be reviewed for abuse of discretion.” United States v. Gasca-

Ruiz, 852 F.3d 1167, 1170 (9th Cir. 2017). The relevant facts (that Valenzuela

made a request for a firearm in advance of the theft, subsequently obtained the

firearm within six hours of the theft, and took that firearm with him as he drove

$4.3 million in stolen cash to Mexico) are not in dispute. Therefore, this court

must only consider whether the district court abused its discretion in determining

that the firearm was possessed “in connection with the offense.” U.S.S.G. §

2B1.1(b)(16)(B); Gasca-Ruiz, 852 F.3d at 1170.

      The defendant argues his possession of the firearm was not “in connection

with the offense” because he did not possess it during the theft itself. Not so.

U.S.S.G. § 1B1.3(a)(1)(A) provides that the enhancement applies to “all acts and

omissions committed . . . that occurred during the commission of the offense of

conviction, in preparation for that offense, or in the course of attempting to avoid

detection or responsibility for that offense.” The enhancement is thus appropriate

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when a defendant uses a firearm in “efforts to … evade arrest.” United States v.

Michael, 220 F.3d 1075, 1076–77 (9th Cir. 2000) (applying sentencing

enhancement where defendant feigned possession of a firearm while fleeing after

the offense).

      Valenzuela’s arguments to the contrary fail. That Valenzuela served time

for separate offenses in Mexico does not preclude the district court’s finding that

the firearm was possessed in connection with the offense committed in the United

States. And the continuing offense doctrine generally applies to statutes of

limitations, not whether to apply a sentence enhancement. See Toussie v. United

States, 397 U.S. 112, 115 (1970), superseded by statute on other grounds. Finally,

the defendant argues in his Reply Brief that the district court did not make a factual

determination that he possessed the firearm in the course of attempting to avoid

detection or responsibility for the theft. Because this argument was raised for the

first time in the Reply Brief, it is waived. Smith v. Marsh, 194 F.3d 1045, 1052

(9th Cir. 1999).

      Because the district court properly exercised its discretion in applying the

sentence enhancement to the undisputed facts of the case, the judgment is

                AFFIRMED.

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