Court Opinion

ID: 1075832
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2013-10-09 20:16:31.943573+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T15:40:24.088381
License: Public Domain

COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA

Present: Chief Judge Fitzpatrick, Judges Willis and Elder
Argued at Alexandria, Virginia

E. ANTHONY SHIELDS
                                       MEMORANDUM OPINION * BY
v.   Record No. 1277-97-4        CHIEF JUDGE JOHANNA L. FITZPATRICK
                                            JUNE 2, 1998
BARBARA R. SHIELDS

             FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF ARLINGTON COUNTY
                       Paul F. Sheridan, Judge
            Ted Kavrukov (Kavrukov, Mehrotra & DiJoseph,
            on brief), for appellant.

            No brief or argument for appellee.

     E. Anthony Shields (father) appeals the trial court's order

modifying his child support obligation to Barbara R. Shields

(mother).   Father contends the trial court erred in:     (1)

recognizing and enforcing the parties' oral agreement to increase

child support payments; and (2) ordering the modification to

apply retroactively.    For the following reasons, we reverse.

                                  I.

     Father and mother were married in New York on October 29,

1986 and divorced in Virginia on January 9, 1992.   One child was

born of the marriage on July 7, 1989.    Under the parties'

separation and property settlement agreement dated January 16,

1991, they shared joint custody of the child, whose primary

residence was with mother, and father had "liberal visitation."

     *
      Pursuant to Code § 17-116.010 this opinion is not
designated for publication.
Father agreed to pay mother $525 per month in child support as

well as to provide health insurance and a portion of certain

related expenses.   Additionally, the parties "shall be entitled

to re-negotiate the amount of child support for a change to

commence on September 1, 1992."

     Each party signed the agreement before a Notary Public, and

Article XV provided that "No modification or waiver of any of the

terms of this Agreement shall be valid unless in writing and

executed with the same formality as this Agreement."
     Mother subsequently filed a petition for child support in

the District of Columbia Superior Court, and, on April 2, 1996,

father filed a verified answer requesting dismissal on the ground

that URESA prohibited a Washington, D.C. court from awarding

child support that was already awarded in Virginia.    The District

of Columbia Superior Court dismissed the petition.    On the same

day, father also filed a verified statement for enrollment of the

Virginia child support decree.    In both his verified answer and

his verified statement, father stated:
          Since the execution of the Agreement in
          January of 1992, the parties have agreed to
          an initial increase of the support amount to
          Six Hundred dollars ($600.00) and, more than
          one year ago, again agreed to increase the
          support amount to Eight Hundred dollars
          ($800.00) per month. [Father] is not
          delinquent in his payments of support and is
          currently continuing to pay $800.00 each
          month per agreement of the parties.

(Emphasis added). Additionally, father's verified statement
          prays [the Superior] Court to [sic]: (1)
          That the clerk register the Final Judgment of

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             Divorce incorporating the Property Settlement
             Agreement of the parties as a foreign child
             support order in the District of Columbia
             . . . [and] (2) That child support shall
             remain payable to [mother] directly in the
             amount of eight hundred dollars ($800.00) per
             month.

The record does not reveal the outcome of the action in the

District of Columbia Superior Court.

        On November 29, 1996, mother filed a motion for

redetermination of child support and clarification of visitation

rights in the Virginia trial court.    Mother stated that the

child's financial needs had changed, as had the ability of father

to provide increased support.    She also stated that father had

failed to make payments in April 1995, June 1995, and August

1996.    Mother requested that she be awarded child support in

accordance with the statutory guidelines.
        At a hearing on February 28, 1997, mother presented evidence

of the parties' renegotiated agreement, including father's

verified statement filed in the District of Columbia Superior

Court.    Father denied that the renegotiation had taken place.

The trial court found "the parties renegotiated the amount

[father] is required to pay for child support from $525.00 per

month to $800.00 per month," and awarded mother $800 per month in

child support.    The trial court ordered father to pay the

shortage of $275 per month for November 1996, December 1996,

January 1997, and February 1997, when he paid only $525 per

month.    After the parties offered evidence on the arrearage, the

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court also ordered father to pay $800 per month for April and

June 1995, and $400 for August 1996.   Father's motion for

reconsideration was denied on April 9, 1997.

                                II.

     Father contends the trial court erroneously recognized and

enforced the parties' agreement to modify the child support

amount because the agreement did not meet the formality

requirements of their property settlement agreement and also

failed to determine the presumptive guideline amount under Code
§ 20-108.2.   We hold that father's verified answer was a

sufficiently formal writing to establish a material change in

circumstances.   However, the trial court erred when it accepted

the modification without first determining the presumptive

guideline amount.

     "'The trial court's decision, when based on an ore tenus

hearing, is entitled to great weight and will not be disturbed

unless plainly wrong or without evidence to support it.'"
Orlandi v. Orlandi, 23 Va. App. 21, 28, 473 S.E.2d 716, 719

(1996) (quoting Venable v. Venable, 2 Va. App. 178, 186, 342

S.E.2d 646, 651 (1986)).   "In cases involving . . . a property

settlement agreement providing for child support, the court's

continuing authority to modify child support may be exercised

only upon a showing of a material change in circumstances."

Orlandi, 23 Va. App. at 26, 473 S.E.2d at 718-19.

     In the instant case, the trial court found the parties had

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renegotiated the amount of monthly child support from $525 to

$800.    Father's contention to the contrary notwithstanding, this

finding was supported by the evidence, including mother's

testimony and father's sworn statements submitted to the District

of Columbia Superior Court.    Father's signed statement of April

2, 1996 indicated that he was "currently continuing to pay $800

each month per agreement of the parties" and that the agreement

was reached "more than one year ago."    The parties' renegotiation

constituted a material change in circumstances and justified

modification of the child support award.    Consequently, the trial

court properly recognized the parties' agreement and determined

that modification of the support award was warranted.
        "[W]hen a judge determines that a material change in

circumstance has occurred . . . the initial step to determine how

to modify the support award is to calculate the amount presumed

to be correct according to the guidelines."     Hiner v. Hadeed, 15

Va. App. 575, 579, 425 S.E.2d 811, 813 (1993).    "Thus the

starting point is the presumptive amount of child support under

the guidelines, not the agreed amount of child support."
Orlandi, 23 Va. App. at 29, 473 S.E.2d at 720.
          Should the trial judge conclude that
          "application of such guidelines would be
          unjust or inappropriate in a particular case
          as determined by relevant evidence pertaining
          to the factors set out in [Code] §§ 20-107.2
          and 20-108.1," the court may depart from the
          statutory schedule, provided the attendant
          order adequately explains the deviation.

Cooke v. Cooke, 23 Va. App. 60, 63, 474 S.E.2d 159, 160 (1996)

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(quoting Code § 20-108.2(A)).   "Because these factors may be

reflected in the [parties'] . . . agreement, the agreement may

therefore be the basis for deviating from the guidelines."

Moreno v. Moreno, 24 Va. App. 227, 234, 481 S.E.2d 482, 486

(1997).

     Here, no evidence established that the trial court

calculated the presumptive amount of child support under the

guidelines.   Instead, the trial court recognized the parties'

agreement and modified the award to reflect the agreed amount.

Although the agreement may have provided grounds for deviation

from the guideline amount, see id., the trial court's failure to
calculate the presumptive amount of support first was error.

     Consequently, we reverse the award of child support and

remand the issue to the trial court for proceedings consistent

with this opinion. 1

                                         Reversed and remanded.

     1
      Additionally, father contends the trial court erroneously
ordered retroactive modification of child support. Because we
reverse on other issues, it is unclear whether this question will
arise on remand. However, we note that any modification of a
child support award could become effective "only from the date
that notice of [mother's] petition has been given to the
responding party." Code § 20-74.

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