Court Opinion

ID: 9811630
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-31 22:26:40.17742+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T15:20:44.775040
License: Public Domain

OPINION
WALKER, Chief Justice.
The Texas Department of Public Safety (“DPS”) appeals an order of expunction granted to James Patrick Steele. DPS filed an answer, but failed to appear at the hearing, which was not recorded. No other law enforcement agency answered or appeared. DPS filed a motion for new trial that was overruled by operation of law. DPS timely requested findings of fact and conclusions of law, and duly reminded the trial court, but no findings of fact and conclusions of law were filed. On appeal, the issue presented for review states, ‘Whether it is an abuse of discretion for a court to grant a petition for expunction when it was apparent from the record that the petitioner made a judicial admission in the petition for expunction that a plea of nolo contendré (sic) to a class B misdemeanor was made by the petitioner on the criminal charge that the petition was seeking to expunge.” The appellee did not file a brief.
An agency’s appeal of an expunction order proceeds in the same manner as in other civil cases. Tex.CRIm. PROc.Code Ann. art. 55.02 § 3(a) (Vernon Supp.2001). Although the motion for new trial identified a meritorious defense to the petition for expunction, DPS did not allege that its failure to file an answer or appear was not intentional or the result of conscious indifference. See Craddock v. Sunshine Bus Lines, 134 Tex. 388, 133 S.W.2d 124, 126 (1939). A post-answer default constitutes neither an abandonment of the defendant’s answer nor an implied confession of the issues placed in controversy by the general denial. Stoner v. Thompson, 578 S.W.2d 679, 682 (Tex.1979). Judgment cannot be entered on the pleadings, but the plaintiff must produce evidence proving his case. Id.
Our review of this appeal is complicated by the fact that, although the order recited that evidence was taken, the hearing was' not recorded. The appellant challenges the legal basis for the judgment, where findings of fact and conclusions of law were duly requested but were not filed, and where no reporter’s record was made of the trial. A similar situation faced the court in Board of Firemen’s Relief and Retirement Fund Trustees of Harris County v. Stevens, 372 S.W.2d 572, 573 (Tex.Civ.App.—Houston 1963, no writ). The appellate court reversed the judgment because the trial court had granted relief not supported by the pleadings and prayer. Id. at 574. Here, no error is assigned to the trial court’s failure to enter findings of fact and conclusions of law. Since we have no reporter’s record by which to review the sufficiency of the evidence, and no findings of fact presumably proven in the unreviewable trial, we turn to Steele’s petition to determine whether he pleaded facts that if proven at *354trial would entitle him to an expunction order. DPS argues it is entitled to a rendition because judicially admitted facts in Steele’s petition preclude the relief he obtained.
“Before it is held that the allegations in a trial pleading constitute judicial admissions, it must appear that such allegations are deliberate, clear and unequivocal.” Carter v. Walton, 469 S.W.2d 462, 469 (Tex.Civ.App.—Corpus Christi 1971, writ ref'd n.r.e.). DPS argues that Steele judicially admitted to having a final conviction. Actually, Steele admitted to pleading nolo contendere to a class B misdemeanor, but he also alleged that he was never convicted. The petition does not say what action the trial court took on the plea. Likely though it may be, a final conviction does not necessarily result from a nolo contendere plea. The factual recitals in Steele’s petition are vague and contradictory enough that we cannot say that he judicially admitted to having a final conviction on the charge he sought to expunge.
Although we disagree that by alleging that he pleaded nolo contendere Steele judicially admitted to having a final conviction, we must agree that the allegations contained in the petition do not demonstrate Steele’s entitlement to an ex-punction order. Because expunction is a privilege granted by statute, all of the statutory provisions are mandatory and exclusive, and must be complied with in order to sustain the action. Ex Parte Myers, 24 S.W.3d 477, 480 (Tex.App.—Texarkana 2000, no pet.). Steele did not allege that he had been either acquitted or pardoned. In order to be entitled to an expunction order, Steele had to satisfy the three conditions of Article 55.01(a)(2). Tex.CRIm. PROc.Code Ann. art. 55.01(a)(2)(Vernon Supp.2001) 1.
The first condition may be met if no indictment or information is presented. Steele alleged that he was charged, so that provision is inapplicable. The first condition may also be met if the indictment or information has been “dismissed because [its] presentment had been made because of mistake, false information, or other similar reason indicating absence of probable cause at the time of the dismissal to believe the person committed the offense or because it was void.” Id. Steele alleged that he “was never convicted,” but his pleadings are silent regarding whether the information was dismissed or whether it is still pending. Even if we attribute implied findings of fact to the factual allegations in Steele’s petition, there is no allegation from which we could imply a finding that meets the first condition of Article 55.01(a)(2).
Steele’s pleadings only partially satisfy the second condition, that the petitioner has been released and the charge has not resulted in a final conviction and is no longer pending and there was no court ordered community supervision. The specific facts alleged in Steele’s petition, were we to assume that they were proven at trial, could exist under circumstances where Steele admitted his guilt and completed community supervision. Steele alleged that he has been released and that there is no court ordered probation, but he also alleged that he pleaded nolo contende-re without stating that there had been no probation in the past. See Texas Dep’t of Pub. Safety v. Moran, 949 S.W.2d 523, 526-27 (Tex.App.—San Antonio 1997, no writ).
There is also a pleading deficiency regarding the third condition, that the peti*355tioner has not been convicted in the five years preceding the date of the arrest. Steele alleged he has not been convicted of a felony in the five years preceding “the date of the warrant.” Elsewhere in his petition, Steele alleged the warrant issued on July 25, 1997, and that he was arrested on May 7, 1999. Thus, a five year period preceding the issuance of the warrant does not describe the same period of time as the five year period preceding the arrest.
Steele failed to allege facts that would entitle him to have his criminal records expunged. Therefore, we hold that the trial court erred in ordering expunction. The point of error is sustained. Because no reporter’s record was made of the hearing, we have no inkling of the evidence Steele produced in support of his petition. The judgment of the trial court is reversed. We remand the cause to the trial court in the interest of justice.
REVERSED AND REMANDED.

. The 1999 amendment to Section 55.01 did not affect this case. See Acts 1999, 76th Leg., R.S., ch. 1236, sec. 2, 1999 Tex. Gen. Laws 4280.