Court Opinion

ID: 4160729
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2017-04-17 18:12:51.362978+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:38:13.025444
License: Public Domain

J-A08044-17

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

    PHILADELPHIA PROFESSIONAL                  :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
    COLLECTIONS, LLC                           :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                               :
                      Appellee                 :
               v.                              :
                                               :
                                               :
    ELAINE MICKMAN                             :
                                               :   No. 1752 EDA 2016
                      Appellant                :

                   Appeal from the Order Entered May 5, 2016
             In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
           Civil Division at No(s): November Term 2014 No. 002793

BEFORE:      PANELLA, LAZARUS, JJ., and STEVENS, P.J.E.*

MEMORANDUM BY STEVENS, P.J.E.:                            FILED APRIL 17, 2017

        Elaine Mickman (hereinafter “Appellant”) appeals pro se the Order

entered in the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County on May 5,

2016, denying her Motion In Limine to preclude Philadelphia Professional

Collections, LLC, (hereinafter “Appellee”)1 from presenting and submitting at

trial attorney-client privileged exhibits and witness testimony. Because the

Order is interlocutory and not a collateral order appealable under Pa.R.A.P.

313(b), we quash the present appeal.

____________________________________________

*
 Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
1
 Appellee is the assignee of White and Williams, LLP, (hereinafter “W&W”),
a Pennsylvania limited liability partnership, pertaining to any accounts,
accounts receivable, claims, or causes of action that W&W has or had
against Appellant.
J-A08044-17

       This matter arises following Appellee’s filing of a Complaint on

November 25, 2014, wherein it brought claims of breach of contract and

unjust enrichment for Appellant’s failure to abide by the terms of the

Engagement Letter into which she and W&W had entered and whereby

Appellant had agreed to pay for legal fees at W&W’s hourly rates as well as

out-of-pocket costs and expenses incurred by W&W in its representation of

her. In its letter dated October 20, 2014, Appellee notified Appellant that

W&W had assigned its rights and claims against her to Appellee and that she

had one, final opportunity to pay the amounts owed which totaled One

Hundred Fifty-Seven Thousand Five Hundred Ninety-Seven Dollars and

Seventy-Nine Cents ($157,597.79).              See Complaint at ¶¶ 4-9.   In her

answer to the Complaint, Appellant admitted she had engaged in a contract

with W&W and to receiving bills from the firm, although she denied owing

$157,597.79 and stated such amount represented “excessive billing.” See

[Appellant’s] Answer to [Appellee’s] Complaint at ¶¶ 5, 12, 18.

       On April 26, 2016, Appellant filed a Motion in Limine challenging, inter

alia, “the preclusion of her presenting evidence and testimony to her health

and financial status” and requesting that the introduction of any exhibits or

testimony pertaining to attorney-client privileged information be prohibited.2

____________________________________________

2
  Previously, the trial court had granted the Motion In Limine of Appellee to
preclude the introduction of any evidence, argument or testimony regarding
any claims against non-party W&W and any evidence of Appellant’s financial
(Footnote Continued Next Page)

                                           -2-
J-A08044-17

See Motion in Limine, filed 4/26/16, at 1-2 (unnumbered).           The trial court

heard oral argument on the motion on April 28, 2016, and at the conclusion

thereof the trial court stated the following:

            In terms of concerns that have been raised today about
      potential violation of attorney/client privilege, I will hold
      [Appellee] to the representations that have been made in court
      that there will be no testimony solicited from any witness on the
      underlying litigation and if the [c]ourt hears of any statements
      from either party, the [c]ourt will stop the proceedings, convene
      a sidebar and make it clear that this is going beyond what has
      been ordered by the [c]ourt in this Motion in Limine.

Oral Argument, 4/28/16, at 33.              Following argument, the jury selection

process began; however, on April 29, 2016, the trial in the within matter

was cancelled following Appellant’s request for a continuance due to medical

issues and was rescheduled for July 21, 2016.

       Appellant filed an appeal with this Court pro se on May 26, 2016, and

in her brief she presents what she titles “Concise Statement” as her

Statement of Question Presented, which we reproduce herein verbatim:

      The court erred and abused its discretion by denying Appellant’s
      Motion In Limine seeking to preclude opposing Counsel, and/or
      through any witness/Assignee/Debt Collector, from disclosing
      Appellant’s attorney-client protected, confidential, and privileged
      information at a trial which would not only violate the Pa. Rules
                       _______________________
(Footnote Continued)

or health status. Appellant filed an appeal with this Court which we quashed
in a Per Curiam Order entered on June 24, 2016. In doing so, we observed
that, in general pre-trial discovery orders are interlocutory and not
appealable, and that the April 25, 2016, Order did not satisfy all of the
prongs of Pa.R.A.P. 313, the collateral order doctrine. Id. (citations
omitted).

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      of Professional conduct 1.6 and violate Appellant’s rights to
      deeply rooted broad public policy, but whereby disclosures can
      undermine,     compromise,     and/or    jeopardize Appellant’s
      unsettled, on-going, and/or future claims.

Brief for Appellant at 4.

      As a prefatory matter, we consider whether the May 5, 2016, Order is

appealable.    “[S]ince we lack jurisdiction over an unappealable order it is

incumbent on us to determine, sua sponte when necessary, whether the

appeal is taken from an appealable order.” Kulp v. Hrivnak, 765 A.2d 796,

798 (Pa.Super. 2000) (citation omitted). Our Supreme Court has elucidated

the requirements an order must meet to qualify as an appealable collateral

order.

             With limited exceptions, Pennsylvania law permits only
      appeals from final orders. See Pa.R.A.P. 341 (“[A]n appeal may
      be taken as of right from any final order.”). Final orders are
      those that dispose of all claims and all parties, are explicitly
      defined as final orders by statute, or are certified as final orders
      by the trial court or other reviewing body.                However,
      Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate Procedure 313(b) permits a party
      to take an immediate appeal as of right from an otherwise
      unappealable interlocutory order if the order meets three
      requirements: (1) the order must be separable from, and
      collateral to, the main cause of action; (2) the right involved
      must be too important to be denied review; and (3) the question
      presented must be such that if review is postponed until after
      final judgment, the claim will be irreparably lost. Pa.R.A.P.
      313(b). All three prongs of Rule 313(b) must be met before an
      order may be subject to a collateral appeal; otherwise, the
      appellate court lacks jurisdiction over the appeal.

Commonwealth v. Harris, 612 Pa. 576, 584, 32 A.3d 243, 248 (2011).

“Additionally, ‘we construe the collateral order doctrine narrowly.             In

adopting   a   narrow       construction,   we   endeavor   to   avoid   piecemeal

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determinations       and      the     consequent   protraction   of   litigation.’”

Commonwealth v. Sabula, 46 A.3d 1287, 1291 (Pa.Super. 2012) (quoting

Rae v. Pennsylvania Funeral Directors Ass'n, 602 Pa. 65, ____, 977
A.2d 1121, 1129 (2009)). See also Melvin v. Doe, 575 Pa. 264, 272, 836
A.2d 42, 46-47 (2003) (noting as a “specialized, practical application of the

general rule that only final orders are appealable as of right[,]” collateral

order doctrine must be interpreted narrowly “to prevent undue corrosion of

the final order rule.”).      “To that end, each prong of the collateral order

doctrine must be clearly present before an order may be considered

collateral.” Id.3

       In its Rule 1925(a) Opinion, the trial court posited that Appellant’s

appeal is improper and should be quashed because its Order cannot be

classified as final, collateral, or interlocutory as a matter of right. The trial

court stressed that Appellant had not filed a petition for permission to appeal

and that the matter she seeks to appeal does not contain a controlling

____________________________________________

3
  In a Per Curiam Order entered on July 21, 2016, this Court directed
Appellant to show cause within ten (10) days as to why this appeal should
not be quashed as having been taken from an order that is interlocutory and
not appealable. Appellant filed her “Answer/Rule to Show Cause to Deny
Quash and Proceed with Collateral Appeal” on July 29, 2016, and this Court
entered another per curiam order on September 26, 2016, discharging the
rule and permitting the appeal to proceed. In our Order we further advised
that the issue may be revisited by the merits panel and, therefore, the
parties should be prepared to address it in their appellate briefs or at the
time of oral argument.

                                           -5-
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question of law. See Trial Court Opinion, filed July 13, 2016, at 2-3

(unnumbered). Upon our review, we agree.

      Appellant maintains the trial court’s denial of her Motion in Limine

stripped her of:

      her right to preclude Appellee, a 3rd party contracted Debt
      Collector/”Assignee” and/or Appellant’s previous attorney, the
      “Creditor’/law firm, from disclosing Attorney-Client privileged,
      confidential, and protected information at the trial, and
      essentially placing unrepresented Appellant “out of court” by
      conducting a trial that not only omits Appellant from
      participating with her defenses, but tramples on Appellant’s
      important right to protect previous attorney-client privileged
      information, work product, legal advice, and confidences shared
      and entrusted with her attorney.

Brief for Appellant at 6-7, 11.

      In general, pre-trial discovery orders are not final. See Robec , Inc.

v. Poul, 681 A.2d 809, 811 (Pa.Super. 1996) (in the absence of unusual

circumstances, this Court will not review discovery orders prior to final

judgment in main action). However,

      discovery orders involving privileged material are nevertheless
      appealable as collateral to the principal action pursuant to
      Pa.R.A.P. 313 . . . . Generally, discovery orders involving
      purportedly privileged material are appealable because if
      immediate appellate review is not granted, the disclosure of
      documents cannot be undone and subsequent appellate review
      would be rendered moot.

Rhodes v. USAA Cas. Ins. Co., 21 A.3d 1253, 1258 (2011) (citations and

quotation marks omitted).

                                   -6-
J-A08044-17

      While Appellant baldly maintains throughout her brief that Appellee

seeks to exploit her by misusing and revealing privileged information and

records, including legal advice protected by the attorney-client privilege, her

claims are merely anticipatory and speculative. Appellant presents no facts

to support these allegations, nor were any revealed during oral argument on

April 28, 2016. To the contrary, Appellee indicated it has no intent to delve

into privileged communications Appellant may have had with W&W and that

such information can be redacted from otherwise relevant documents.           In

addition, the trial court clearly stated on the record it will not permit the

introduction of such evidence at trial. N.T., 4/28/16, at 24-25, 27-28, 33.

      Moreover, to the extent Appellant argues information like her identity,

fee agreement with W&W and her legal bills constitute privileged, attorney-

client information, we note our Supreme Court has stated that “not all

information passed between client and attorney is privileged, but rather the

privilege is limited to communications related to the legal advice sought by

the client.” In addition, the identities of clients generally are not protected

by the attorney-client privilege. Levy v. Senate of Pennsylvania, 619 Pa.
586, 598, 65 A.3d 361, 368-69 (2013).         The Court also has held that

“disclosure of a fee arrangement between an attorney and client does not

reveal a confidential communication.” Commonwealth v. Chmiel, 585 Pa.
547, 599, 889 A.2d 501, 531-32 (2005) (plurality) (citations omitted).

                                     -7-
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      While the focus of Appellant’s arguments centers around general

principles of law regarding the attorney-client privilege, she has failed to

demonstrate that the issue she raises before us satisfied the collateral order

doctrine and is vindicable only upon our immediate review. See Pa.R.A.P.

313 (order must be separable from and collateral to main cause of action,

right involved too important to be denied review, irreparable loss of claim if

review postponed until final judgment); see also Melvin v. Doe, 575 Pa.
264, 272, 836 A.2d 42, 47 (2003) (“each prong of the collateral order

doctrine must be clearly present before an order may be considered

collateral”).   As the Order at issue is neither final, appealable as of right,

nor collateral, we are without jurisdiction to address Appellant’s claims, and

we must quash the appeal as interlocutory.

      Appeal quashed. Jurisdiction relinquished.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 4/17/2017

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