Court Opinion

ID: 2820627
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-07-27 21:05:12.395927+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:55:54.472126
License: Public Domain

NOT FOR PUBLICATION                        FILED
                         UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                     JUL 27 2015
                                                                        MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                         U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                                 FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

 PATRICIA BLACKBURN; et al.,                         No. 13-35920

             Plaintiffs - Appellants,                D.C. No. 3:11-cv-05385-RBL

   v.
                                                     MEMORANDUM*
 STATE OF WASHINGTON
 DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL AND
 HEALTH SERVICES; et al.,

             Defendants - Appellees.

                        Appeal from the United States District Court
                          for the Western District of Washington
                        Ronald B. Leighton, District Judge, Presiding

                             Argued and Submitted July 10, 2015
                                    Seattle, Washington

Before: NGUYEN and FRIEDLAND, Circuit Judges and ZOUHARY,** District
Judge.

        Nine employees of a state mental hospital in Washington (“Plaintiffs”)

appeal the district court’s grant of summary judgment against them. We affirm.

        *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by 9th Cir. R. 36-3.
        **
             The Honorable Jack Zouhary, District Judge for the U.S. District
Court for the Northern District of Ohio, sitting by designation.
      Following entry of summary judgment, Plaintiffs brought suit in state court

challenging the same race-based staffing practice at issue here. After a bench trial,

the state court concluded that the duration of the staffing practice was limited to a

single weekend. We give preclusive effect to that determination. See Christensen

v. Grant Cty. Hosp. Dist. No. 1, 96 P.3d 957, 960-961 (Wash. 2004).

      The individual defendants are entitled to qualified immunity with respect to

Plaintiffs’ equal protection claims under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 because, at the time they

acted, it would not have been clear to a reasonable official that avoiding the

assignment of African-American employees to care for a particular violent patient,

when done temporarily in response to an imminent safety threat posed by the

patient to African-American staff, violated the Equal Protection Clause. See

Ashcroft v. al-Kidd, 131 S. Ct. 2074, 2083-85 (2011); Johnson v. California, 543

U.S. 499, 515 (2005); Wittmer v. Peters, 87 F.3d 916, 918-21 (7th Cir. 1996).1

Under the specific facts of this case, Plaintiffs’ claims under 42 U.S.C. §§ 1985

and 1986 also fail. See Griffin v. Breckenridge, 403 U.S. 88, 102 (1971); Sanchez

v. City of Santa Ana, 936 F.2d 1027, 1040 (9th Cir. 1991).

1
 To the extent any individual defendant misunderstood whether the patient’s threat
pertained to all African-American staff instead of one particular staff member, the
mistake was a reasonable one. See Rudebusch v. Hughes, 313 F.3d 506, 514 (9th
Cir. 2002) (explaining that the qualified immunity standard “allows ample room
for reasonable error on the part of the official,” including “mistakes of fact and
mistakes of law” (brackets omitted)).
                                          2
      Plaintiffs’ Title VII claim based on racial discrimination fails because a de

minimis change in work assignments does not constitute an adverse employment

action. See Robino v. Iranon, 145 F.3d 1109, 1110 (9th Cir. 1998). Plaintiffs have

not demonstrated an entitlement to permanent injunctive relief because they have

not shown an “immediate threat of substantial injury.” See Midgett v. Tri-Cty.

Metro. Transp. Dist. of Or., 254 F.3d 846, 850 (9th Cir. 2001).

      Plaintiff Blackburn’s retaliation claims under Title VII and the First

Amendment fail because she did not suffer an adverse employment action. See

Kortan v. Cal. Youth Auth., 217 F.3d 1104, 1112-13 (9th Cir. 2000); Thomas v.

City of Beaverton, 379 F.3d 802, 807, 811 (9th Cir. 2004). Any challenge to the

district court’s dismissal of Plaintiffs’ claim for retaliation under 42 U.S.C. § 1981

is waived due to Plaintiffs’ failure to address that claim in their appellate briefing.

See, e.g., Dennis v. BEH-1 LLC, 520 F.3d 1066, 1069 (9th Cir. 2008).

      Plaintiff Dau’s hostile work environment claim fails because the hospital

took “remedial measures reasonably calculated to end the harassment.” McGinest

v. GTE Serv. Corp., 360 F.3d 1103, 1120 (9th Cir. 2004).2

2
  Plaintiffs’ Motion to Correct the Record is DENIED because the document at
issue was not before the district court. Defendants’ Motion to Strike is GRANTED
with respect to the reply brief’s references to depositions in the state-court action,
but DENIED in all other respects. Defendants’ Motion for Judicial Notice is
GRANTED with respect to the state-court’s findings of fact and conclusions of law
and the state-court judgment. We DENY the remainder of Defendants’ request for
judicial notice, as well as Plaintiffs’ request for judicial notice, because additional
                                            3
      AFFIRMED.

state-court documents are not necessary to the determination of this case. See
Santa Monica Food Not Bombs v. City of Santa Monica, 450 F.3d 1022, 1025 n.2
(9th Cir. 2006). Moreover, the documents proffered by plaintiffs are not judicially
noticeable for the facts asserted therein because those facts are “subject to
reasonable dispute,” and such disputes were resolved by the state court. See Fed.
R. Evid. 201. Because we affirm on the merits, Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss the
Appeal is DENIED as moot.
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