Court Opinion

ID: 2736159
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-09-23 20:01:06.914878+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:27:04.620190
License: Public Domain

NONPRECEDENTIAL DISPOSITION
                         To be cited only in accordance with
                                  Fed. R. App. P. 32.1

                United States Court of Appeals
                                 For the Seventh Circuit
                                 Chicago, Illinois 60604

                              Submitted September 22, 2014*
                               Decided September 23, 2014

                                         Before

                            RICHARD D. CUDAHY, Circuit Judge

                            RICHARD A. POSNER, Circuit Judge

                            MICHAEL S. KANNE, Circuit Judge

No. 14-1191

JAMIE F. DE JESUS,                           Appeal from the United States District
     Plaintiff-Appellant,                    Court for the Eastern District of Wisconsin.

      v.                                     No. 2:12-cv-00306

DAX C. ODOM, et al.,                         Aaron E. Goodstein,
     Defendants-Appellees.                   Magistrate Judge.

                                       ORDER

        Jamie De Jesus, a Wisconsin prisoner, appeals the grant of summary judgment in
this suit under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 asserting that prison officials and a state prosecutor
violated his constitutional rights while he was a pretrial detainee in the county jail. We
affirm.

      *
        After examining the briefs and the record, we have concluded that oral
argument is unnecessary. Thus, the appeal is submitted on the briefs and record.
See FED. R. APP. P. 34(a)(2)(C).
No. 14-1191                                                                          Page 2

        This case arises out of De Jesus’s detention while he was awaiting trial in
Milwaukee County on charges of domestic abuse, false imprisonment, and battery.
Assistant District Attorney Dax Odom learned that De Jesus was pressuring his
ex-girlfriend, the victim witness, not to testify against him at trial. Odom filed a motion
in the Milwaukee County Circuit Court to rescind De Jesus’s telephone, mail, and
visitation privileges at the jail; Odom also told jail Lieutenant Mary Cook that he was
seeking these court-imposed restrictions. Lieutenant Cook in turn informed the jail’s
captain that De Jesus was attempting to dissuade a witness from testifying, and the
captain directed that De Jesus be moved into segregation where jail officials could
monitor his telephone communications (and ensure the identity of any call recipient).
De Jesus was confined in segregation and denied telephone, visitation, and mail
privileges. When no order from the state court was forthcoming after nine days, the
captain returned De Jesus to the general prison population, where he remained for two
weeks. During this time De Jesus submitted grievances complaining that he was
unfairly denied visits and phone calls with his family while in segregation.

       After two weeks the state court issued an order rescinding De Jesus’s telephone,
mail, and visitation privileges, and De Jesus was moved back to segregation. On
De Jesus’s first night back in segregation, he received a rules citation for using obscene
language, participating in a disruption that required the response of a K-9 unit,
committing an act that disrupted the orderly operation of the jail, and disobeying staff
orders. The events leading up to the citation are in dispute. De Jesus maintains that he
suffered a “psychotic break” and violated no rules, and that Lieutenant Bacon wrote
him a rules citation anyway. The reporting officer, Mark Gensler, asserts in an affidavit
that he wrote the rule citation. According to Gensler’s affidavit (and in the
accompanying rule citation), De Jesus was aggressive, excessively noisy, and
belligerent, and threatened to fight staff and the K-9 unit. Gensler asserted that he called
for backup and Lieutenant Gregory Bacon and members of the jail’s K-9 team arrived to
help him subdue De Jesus and evacuate the inmates in segregation. Bacon stated in his
affidavit that a supervisor usually signs a rule citation, but he did not because he was
taken to the hospital by paramedics after the evacuation.

      A few months later De Jesus pleaded guilty to the charges of battery and false
imprisonment and the judge restored his communication privileges. He was transferred
from the Milwaukee County jail to the Racine Correctional Institution.
No. 14-1191                                                                         Page 3

        In spring 2012 De Jesus sued Assistant District Attorney Odom and Lieutenant
Cook for violating his due-process right to a predeprivation hearing because, he says,
they did not obtain a court order before placing him in segregation with no mail, phone,
or visitation privileges. He also sued then-Lieutenant (now Captain) Bacon for violating
his First Amendment rights because, he says, Bacon issued him a rules citation in
retaliation for grievances he filed against staff about his lack of communication
privileges while in segregation.

       The defendants moved for summary judgment, denying any personal
responsibility for any violation. The defendants argued that the jail’s captain—not
Odom or Cook—authorized De Jesus’s stay in segregation and restricted
communication privileges. They also argued that Captain Bacon did not prepare the
rules citation and so was not responsible for violating De Jesus’s rights.

        The district court granted the defendants’ motions for summary judgment. The
court first determined that placing De Jesus, a pretrial detainee, in segregation did not
violate due process because the placement was reasonably related to a legitimate
administrative purpose—to prevent the obstruction of justice—and so was not a
punitive decision (pretrial detainees have not been convicted, so they may not be
punished by the state in any way). The court added that the decision to segregate
De Jesus, whether made by Lieutenant Cook or the jail captain, was entitled to
deference because prison officials are best situated to decide how to maintain internal
jail order and security. Next the court concluded that Odom was entitled to summary
judgment because the undisputed evidence established that he did not make any
decisions concerning De Jesus’s segregation. Finally, the court granted summary
judgment to Bacon because there was no evidence of his personal involvement in any
disciplinary rulings that De Jesus believed were made in retaliation for filing his
grievances.

       On appeal De Jesus argues that the district court erred when it characterized his
placement in segregation under restricted communication privileges as an
administrative decision rather than per se punishment. But the district court properly
concluded, based on the undisputed evidence, that there was no due-process violation
because the segregation and restricted communication privileges were related to the
legitimate, nonpunitive purpose of preventing De Jesus from obstructing justice and
suborning perjury. Restrictions like segregation are not punishment when imposed
because of a legitimate governmental objective. See Bell v. Wolfish, 441 U.S. 520, 538–39
(1979); Higgs v. Carver, 286 F.3d 437, 438 (7th Cir. 2002). The undisputed
No. 14-1191                                                                          Page 4

evidence—which includes affidavits from Lieutenant Cook and the jail captain—show
that managerial reasons motivated both De Jesus’s placement in segregation and the
restrictions on his communication privileges. These reasons—preventing both
obstruction of justice and suborning perjury—are administrative and nonpunitive and
thus do not violate due process. See Bell, 441 U.S. at 561; Higgs, 286 F.3d at 438.

       De Jesus next argues that summary judgment for Odom was improper because,
he believes, there is evidence—Cook’s affidavit—that Odom was personally involved in
placing him in segregation. But this argument mischaracterizes Cook’s affidavit. The
affidavit says not that Odom directed jail officials to place De Jesus in segregation but
that Odom informed jail officials that De Jesus was intimidating a victim witness.
De Jesus has not identified any other evidence reflecting that Odom played any role in
the placement decision.

        De Jesus finally challenges the district court’s determination that the undisputed
evidence showed that Bacon did not retaliate against him for filing grievances. He
argues that a retaliatory motive can be inferred from Bacon’s inconsistent responses in
his affidavit and interrogatories: in his affidavit Bacon states that he did not write a
rules citation, and in his interrogatory response, Bacon says that he does not remember
being involved in a rules citation. These inconsistencies, De Jesus says, show that Bacon
remembers the citation and was involved in writing it. But the district court properly
rejected De Jesus’s assertions about Bacon’s involvement as “conjecture.” As the court
explained, De Jesus failed to rebut Bacon’s statements that he was not involved in the
rules citation and did not know De Jesus until he responded to Officer Gensler’s call for
help. Because § 1983 requires a showing of personal involvement, see Minix v. Canarecci,
597 F.3d 824, 833–34 (7th Cir. 2010); Brooks v. Ross, 578 F.3d 574, 580 (7th Cir. 2009), the
absence of evidence showing Bacon’s personal involvement dooms his claim.

                                                                              AFFIRMED.