Court Opinion

ID: 3118551
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-10-16 08:05:00.953938+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:52:58.797806
License: Public Domain

Opinion issued April 30, 2013

                                    In The

                             Court of Appeals
                                   For The

                         First District of Texas
                          ————————————
                             NO. 01-11-00771-CR
                          ———————————
             FRONSHUA RAMONE WASHINGTON, Appellant
                                      V.
                     THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee

                  On Appeal from the 182nd District Court
                          Harris County, Texas
                      Trial Court Case No. 1245423

                      MEMORANDUM OPINION

      A jury convicted Fronshua Ramone Washington of aggravated robbery and

assessed his punishment at confinement for life, plus a $10,000 fine. On appeal,

Washington contends that (1) comments made by the prosecutor during the State’s
closing argument for the punishment stage of trial were improper and affected his

substantial rights, and (2) the trial court erred by allowing the State to question a

witness about the contents of a document not admitted into evidence.

      We affirm.

                                     Background

      Washington was convicted of robbing a game room security guard at

gunpoint, along with three other co-defendants. He is not challenging any aspect

of the guilt/innocence phase of his trial.

      During the punishment phase of Washington’s trial, the jury learned that

Washington was on community supervision for another robbery when he and his

co-defendants robbed the security guard.         A probation officer testified that

Washington had difficulty complying with the terms of his community supervision

(i.e., failing to provide proof of employment, getting kicked out of a court-ordered

residential program for fighting, failing to complete his community service).

Despite multiple opportunities to do so, the court declined to revoke his

community supervision—at least until Washington was charged with aggravated

robbery in the present case. At that point, the court heard the State’s motion to

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adjudicate, granted the motion and assessed Washington the maximum

punishment—twenty years’ confinement. 1

      The jury also heard from J. Williams, an acquaintance of Washington’s, who

testified that she overheard Washington and his friends planning robberies and

discussing ones that they had committed, including robberies involving game

rooms. Williams identified Washington and his hand tattoos from photos printed

from Washington’s MySpace page. She also testified that Washington and his

group of friends “ran” the apartment complex where she lived. According to

Williams, the majority of the apartment complex’s residents were afraid of

Washington, who claimed to be a member of the 5-Deuce Hoover Crips and was

known to carry a gun.

      Williams testified that on one occasion, she saw Washington in her friend’s

apartment supervising the counting of a table “full of money” with a “money

machine.” When that apartment was subsequently raided, Washington had one of

his friends give Williams a bag to hold for him, which contained a handgun and a

“money machine.” When Williams called Washington to confront him about the

bag, he told her that the contents were “hot” and instructed her to just hold it and

he would be by later to retrieve it. Williams turned the bag into the police.

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      The security guard and the complainant in Washington’s previous robbery also
      testified during the punishment phase.

                                          3
      Finally, the State called Deputy M. Squyres with the Harris County Sheriff’s

Office. During a hearing outside the pretense of the jury, Deputy Squyres testified

that he had worked in the Gang Suppression Unit for seventeen-years. At the

request of the prosecutor, Deputy Squyres met with Washington one-week before

trial in order to determine whether Washington was affiliated with any gangs. 2

      Deputy Squires testified that after he met with Washington, he located

Washington’s MySpace page, which contained several photos and other

information. When the State offered a printout of the MySpace page into evidence

(State’s Exhibit 37), Washington objected on the basis of authentication (i.e., there

was no way to know if the page actually belonged to Washington or if he made any

of the comments or uploaded any of the photos associated with it). Ultimately, the

State withdrew its offer of Exhibit 37, and, instead, offered into evidence four

photos associated with the MySpace page, all of which were admitted without

objection (State’s Exhibits 43-A, B, C and D). Exhibit 43-A is a photo of a t-shirt

with the numbers “5” and “2” with an upright pitch fork with the word “Hoover”

across the bottom. Exhibit 43-B is a photo of the tops of a man’s tattooed hands.

Exhibit 43-C is a photo of Washington and 43-D is a photo of an automatic pistol.

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      Washington’s attorney was not informed of the meeting and objected to any
      statement Washington allegedly made during his interview with Deputy Squyres
      as a violation of his right to counsel. The court indicated that Squyres testimony
      should be limited to what he observed and should not relate back anything
      Washington may have said to Squyres.

                                          4
      During his interview with Washington, Deputy Squyres observed that the

tops of Washington’s hands were tattooed with the number 503 tattooed on one

hand and the initials M-O-B tattooed on the other, just like in the photo from the

MySpace page (State’s Exhibit 43-B). According to Squyres, the tattoos indicated

to him that Washington was a member of the 503 Manner Mob gang. Deputy

Squyres identified Washington from another photo associated with the MySpace

page (Exhibit 43-C). He also testified that the signs, symbols and colors on the t-

shirt in Exhibit 43-A were all associated with the 5-Deuce Hoover Crips, a

dangerous gang originally out of California that was either the second or third

largest gang in Harris County.

      The State then asked Deputy Squyres about statements he observed on the

MySpace page. Washington objected “to [Squyres] reading from something that

has not been admitted into evidence.” The objection was overruled. Deputy

Squyres read some of the contents of the printout out loud for the jury, including

the following:

      What is it cuz. It’s me, Fronshua, coming at 6’ 3”, 225 pounds, out
      that 503 Homestead, Texas, northeast side, rippin the 5-Deuce Hoova
      under the three-point crown. No set tripping. I still hold My’s down.

Deputy Squyres testified that this is “Crip-type speech or writing” and that the “5-2

Hoovar” represented the 5-Deuce Hoover Crips and the “three-point crown”

represented a symbol with which the Crips identify.          He also testified that

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Washington listed Tookie Williams, a cofounder of the original Crips, as a person

he would like to meet. Deputy Squyres testified that in his opinion, Washington

was a member of the 5-Deuce Hoover Crips.

      Washington gave his closing argument first and asked the jury to access his

punishment at 15 years; a sentence that Washington argued would not only serve

as punishment, but also allow him a chance at rehabilitation.         The State

summarized the evidence and responded to Washington’s plea for a chance at

rehabilitation with the following argument:

      What about his probation? So, the Judge gives him a chance. He
      messes it up. And then there’s this amazing program, Young Men
      About Change. No. This defendant’s a young man against change.
      That’s what he is. Doesn’t care. He’s fighting other kids in there.
      And who do you think’s going to win? He is enormous. He is a big
      guy. I do not want to see him out anywhere. So, then they give him
      some jail time. Maybe that will fix him. He doesn’t want to be
      involved in the program. Doesn’t want the help. And then he messes
      up again. Doesn’t bother to get a job like the rest of us. He doesn’t
      care. He’ll find a way to hit a lick and get money. . . . Judge Barr
      maxed him at 20 on the adjudication hearing. What does that tell
      you? Do not let him out. Do not let him back into our community.
      That’s y’all’s decision. Usually we always ask y’all for a number or
      we say “Don’t give him less than this.” I personally— I wouldn’t
      ever let him out.

Washington did not object to any portion of the prosecutor’s closing

argument.

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                                    Discussion

A.    Improper Jury Arguments

      In his first issue, Washington argues that the prosecutor made two improper

comments during the State’s closing argument for the punishment phase of trial.

Washington argues that his sentence should be vacated and his case remanded for a

new trial on punishment because the prosecutor’s comments, which were

manifestly improper, violated a mandatory statute, and injected new and harmful

facts into the case, exceeded the permissible bounds of proper jury argument and

affected his substantial rights.   The State responds that Washington failed to

preserve this argument for our review because he did not object to the prosecutor’s

comments during trial.

      Washington cites to McKay v. State, 707 S.W.2d 23, 36 (Tex. Crim. App.

1985) and Mathews v. State, 635 S.W.2d 532, 539 (Tex. Crim. App. 1982) for the

proposition that reversible error occurs where, in light of the record as a whole, a

jury argument is extreme or manifestly improper, injects new and harmful facts

into the case, or violates some mandatory statute.           McKay, however, is

distinguishable because, unlike in the present case, the defendant objected to the

prosecutor’s arguments at trial and preserved his improper-jury-argument

complaint for appellate review.

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      Although Washington does not directly address the fact that he did not

object during the State’s closing argument, his reliance upon Matthews indicates

that he believes that, given the nature of the comments, no objection was needed to

preserve the issue for our review. The Court of Criminal Appeals previously

recognized that “jury argument error will not be waived for failure to object where

the argument is manifestly improper, or violates some mandatory statute, or injects

some new fact harmful to the defendant’s case,” Willis v. State, 785 S.W.2d 378,

385 (Tex. Crim. App. 1989) (citing Mathews, 635 S.W.2d at 539)). The court,

however, subsequently overruled that exception to the general rule in Cockrell v.

State, 933 S.W.2d 73, 89 (Tex. Crim. App. 1996). See Estrada v. State, 313
S.W.3d 274, 303 (Tex. Crim. App. 2010) (citing Cockrell, 933 S.W.2d at 89

(holding a “defendant’s failure to object to a jury argument . . . forfeits his right to

complain about the argument on appeal.”)).

      In light of Cockrell and its progeny, it is now well-settled that absent a

timely, specific objection to an improper jury argument, nothing is preserved for

review. See, e.g., Estrada, 313 S.W.3d at 303; Wead v. State, 129 S.W.3d 126,

130 (Tex. Crim. App. 2004); Cockrell, 933 S.W.2d at 89. Because Washington did

not object to the prosecutor’s comments, no error has been preserved for our

review. See TEX. R. APP. P. 33.

      We overrule Washington’s first issue.

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B.    Printouts from MySpace Page

      In his second issue, Washington contends that the trial court erred in

admitting witness testimony regarding statements Washington allegedly made on

his MySpace page and allowing the State to read portions of the MySpace page

printout to the jury, even though the document was not admitted into evidence.

The State responds that Washington waived this issue, but even if the issue is

preserved for our review, Washington cannot prevail because he has not

demonstrated that he was harmed by the admission of this testimony.

      We review a trial court’s decision to admit evidence for an abuse of

discretion. Shuffield v. State, 189 S.W.3d 782, 793 (Tex. Crim. App. 2006). A

trial court abuses its discretion only if its decision is “so clearly wrong as to lie

outside the zone within which reasonable people might disagree.” Taylor v. State,

268 S.W.3d 571, 579 (Tex. Crim. App. 2008). If the trial court’s decision is

correct on any theory of law applicable to the case, we will uphold the decision.

De La Paz v. State, 279 S.W.3d 336, 344 (Tex. Crim. App. 2009). Furthermore,

improper admission of evidence is harmless if the same or similar evidence is

admitted without objection at another point in the trial. Smith v. State, 236 S.W.3d
282, 300 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2007, pet. ref’d) (citing Leday v. State,

983 S.W. 713, 717 (Tex. Crim. App. 1998)).

                                         9
      The crux of Washington’s argument is that, although Williams testified that

he was a self-proclaimed member of the 5-Deuce Hoover Crips gang, the most

dramatic and damaging testimony during the punishment phase was Squyres

reading of statements that Washington allegedly made on his MySpace page,

which allowed the State to “put ‘Crip-type speech or writing’ in the mouth of

[Washington], and to do so through a witness that carried the force of a law

enforcement officer and gang expert.” According to Washington, Deputy Squyres

testimony about this document, which was never admitted into evidence, greatly

enhanced Washington’s dangerousness in the eyes of the jury assessing his

punishment.

      Even if the court erred by allowing Deputy Squyres to testify about the

contents of a document not admitted into evidence, the error was harmless, given

the admission of other similar evidence without objection. Smith, 236 S.W.3d at

300. Williams testified that Washington was a self-proclaimed member of the 5-

Deuce Hoover Crips who “ran” her apartment complex and regularly carried a gun.

According to Williams, most of the complex’s residents were afraid of

Washington. More importantly, when asked about the photographs taken from the

MySpace page, which were admitted without objection, Deputy Squyres identified

Washington from one of the photos and testified that the signs, symbols, and colors

on a t-shirt in another photo were all associated with the 5-Deuce Hoover Crips, a

                                        10
dangerous gang originally out of California that was now one of the largest gangs

in the county. Thus, evidence of Washington’s affiliation with a large, dangerous

gang—the 5-Deuce Hoover Crips—and his dangerous reputation (i.e., the majority

of the people living in the apartment complex he “ran” were afraid of him) were

already before the jury.

      We overrule Washington’s second issue.

                                    Conclusion

      We affirm the judgment of the trial court.

                                 PER CURIAM

Panel consists of Justices Jennings, Higley, and Sharp.

Do not publish. TEX. R. APP. P. 47.2(b).

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