Court Opinion

ID: 4422560
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2019-08-02 16:48:50.227337+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:51:11.644378
License: Public Domain

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

    ESTATE OF THEODORE R. FLINT,            :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
    DEBORAH D. FLINT AND POLYMERIC          :         PENNSYLVANIA
    SYSTEMS, INC.

                 v.

    LOUIS GIANSANTE, ESQ., AND
    GIANSANTE & COBB, LLC JOSEPH A.         :

    MCGINLEY, ESQUIRE AND JOSEPH A.         :

    MCGINLEY, ATTORNEY, LLC

    APPEAL OF: JOSEPH A. MCGINLEY,
    ESQUIRE                                          No. 3340 EDA 2018

                  Appeal from the Order Dated October 22, 2018
                 In the Court of Common Pleas of Chester County
                         Civil Division at No(s): 04-09152

BEFORE:      BENDER, P.J.E., GANTMAN, P.J.E., and COLINS*, J.

MEMORANDUM BY GANTMAN, P.J.E.:                       FILED AUGUST 02, 2019

        Appellant, Joseph A. McGinley, appeals from the order entered in the

Chester County Court of Common Pleas, which granted the motion of

Appellees, Estate of Theodore      R.   Flint, Deborah D. Flint, and Polymeric

Systems, Inc., to enter judgment per the agreed -upon settlement and

conclude all causes of action. For the following reasons, we affirm.

        The relevant facts and procedural history of this case are as follows. On

August 20, 1996, Mr. and Mrs. Flint retained Appellant and Louis Giansante to

represent them in litigation concerning asbestos and other contaminants on

their commercial property where they operated their business, Polymeric

      Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
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Systems, Inc. ("PSI").          At that time, both attorneys worked for Lavin,

Coleman, Finarreli, & Gray ("Lavin"), but both attorneys later left and each

established his own separate practice. Following their departure from Lavin,

the attorneys agreed to continue representing the Flints under the same 1996

fee agreement. The fee agreement provided for                a   one-third contingent fee

for any monetary reward, and          a   $135.00 hourly fee for time spent seeking

non -monetary relief. Specifically, the agreement stated:

          3. Clients agree to pay for Attorneys' services in connection
          with this claim by payment of [one-third] of the net recovery
          whether recovery is made by settlement, verdict or
          judgment.

           6.   If it becomes necessary to enter into negotiations with
           Insurance Companies or other entities to seek non -
           monetary relief, such as indemnification, on the clients'
           behalf our charges for services will be at the hourly Attorney
           rate of $135.

(See Contingent Fee Agreement, dated 8/20/96, at 1; R.R. at R-84.)

        The Flints' case soon disintegrated after they lost several pre-trial

motions. As      a   result, on June 24, 2004, the Flints settled for      a   cash amount

of $40,800.00, which was much lower than the multi -million dollars they had

originally sought.       The settlement also provided that the defendants in the

contamination litigation would bear two-thirds of the cost of completing an

environmental assessment of the property.             Following settlement, Appellant

and    Attorney Giansante demanded               one-third       of the   $40,800.00   (or

$13,600.00), plus they claimed they were additionally owed $135.00/hour for

                                            -2
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every hour spent working on the case from 2001 to 2004. The Flints refused

to pay, so Attorney Giansante sued the Flints in New Jersey; and Appellant

threatened to file     a   similar lawsuit against the Flints in Pennsylvania.

            On November 8, 2004, Appellees (the Flints and PSI) filed a complaint

for (1) declaratory judgment regarding the amount of fees owed and (2)

attorney's fees and costs        in   defending against the demand for additional legal

fees.       The court entered an order on August 4, 2006, in which the court

determined the fee agreement was clear on its face and the attorneys were

not entitled to payment of $135.00/hour for all hours spent on the case. The

court also decided the matter could proceed to trial on the question of how

many hours the attorneys had spent negotiating for non -monetary relief (for

which they would be entitled to $135.00/hour) and whether the attorneys

owed the Flints reimbursement for attorney's fees and the costs of litigating

the declaratory judgment action.              Appellant and Attorney Giansante filed

separate appeals, which this Court consolidated.

            On November 15, 2007, this Court quashed the appeals as       interlocutory

and remanded for further proceedings, stating the August 4, 2006 order was

not     a   final order because it failed to resolve all outstanding claims; our

Supreme Court denied allowance of appeal on December 24, 2008. See                     Flint
v.   Giansante, 944 A.2d 807 (Pa.Super. 2007), appeal denied, 599 Pa. 710,

962 A.2d 1197 (2008). The case remained dormant for several years due to

administrative orders and other delays. On August 22, 2013, Appellant and

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Attorney Giansante filed       a   joint motion to reconsider the August 4, 2006 order.
The court denied the motion on January 15, 2016.

        On November 14, 2017, the date scheduled for           trial, the parties agreed

on    the    record   to   a   "stipulated     verdict" of $6,750.00      (representing

$135.00/hour for 50 hours) to be paid by the Flints to Appellant and Attorney

Giansante. At the time of the agreement, Appellant stated:

            This is [Appellant] and we have agreed to stipulate to a
            number of hours, given the restriction of testimony that was
            discussed for the hour[s] that [the court] referred to.

            We  believe that the testimony that was going to be
            permitted was restricted to some time for federal mediation,
            some time for the last day of-or the first day of trial, the
            underlying case, and limited preparation time for the federal
            mediation.

            It is upon the restricted testimony that we have stipulated
            to this amount.

(See Hearing, dated 11/14/17, at 3-4; R.R. at R-129-30.) All of the parties

agreed to prepare and file the stipulated judgment memorializing the verdict,

but Appellant subsequently refused to sign the proposed stipulated judgment.

As a result, Appellees filed a motion on September 21, 2018, to enter

"judgment per the agreed -upon settlement" and to mark the case settled,

discontinued, and ended. Attorney Giansante agreed with Appellees' motion.

Appellant did not respond or oppose the motion. On October 22, 2018, the

court granted Appellees' motion as unopposed, entered judgment on the

stipulated verdict, and marked the case as follows:

            AND NOW, this 22nd day of October 2018, upon of the

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            [Appellees'] Motion for Entry of Judgment per Agreed -Upon
            Settlement, and no opposition thereto being filed, it is
            hereby ORDERED that the motion is GRANTED.

            It   is FURTHER ORDERED       that judgment   isentered in the
            amount of $6,750.00 to be paid (solely to the extent not
            already paid), by [Appellees] to [Appellant and Attorney
            Giansante], and that this judgment, in conjunction with the
            partial declarations made previously by this [c]ourt, finally
            declares the rights of the parties in this action and brings to
            a conclusion all causes of action.

(See Trial Court Order, filed October 22, 2018; R.R. at R-1) (See also docket

entries).

        Appellant filed   a   notice of appeal on November 13, 2018. On November

20, 2018, the court ordered Appellant to file        a   concise statement of errors

complained of on appeal, pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b), and Appellant

complied on December 12, 2018. On January 28, 2019, Appellees filed in this

Court an application to dismiss or quash Appellant's appeal, claiming Appellant

had acquiesced in the         "settlement" and did not oppose the motion to enforce

it, so he is no longer an aggrieved party. Appellant responded on February

19, 2019, claiming he only agreed to the "settlement" because           a   trial would

not have been "valuable" and an "agreed or stipulated verdict" would permit

this Court to review the court's interpretation of the parties' fee agreement.

On February 26, 2019, this Court denied Appellees' motion          without prejudice

to raise the issue in their appellate brief.

        Appellant raises the following issues on appeal:

            WHETHER THE TRIAL COURT'S INTERPRETATION OF THE
            FEE AGREEMENT MUST BE CONSISTENT WITH THE

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          EXPRESSED UNDERSTANDINGS OF COUNSEL AND CLIENT,
          AND INCORPORATE THE PURSUIT      OF   ALTERNATE
          THEORIES  SEEKING  MONEY   DAMAGES   AND   NON -
          MONETARY RELIEF?

          WHETHER THE COMPLAINT IN THE UNDERLYING ACTION,
          WHOSE TERMS WERE VERIFIED BY THE FLINTS AND
          POLYMERIC   SYSTEMS,  WHICH TERMS CONSTITUTE
          JUDICIAL ADMISSIONS, DEMONSTRATES THAT "NON -
          MONETARY RELIEF" UNDER PARAGRAPH 6 OF THE FEE
          AGREEMENT WAS SOUGHT AFTER AND WORKED FOR FROM
          THE BEGINNING OF THE CASE?

          WHETHER THE TRIAL COURT WAS ENTITLED TO MAKE A
          FACTUAL DETERMINATION THAT ALL ASPECTS OF THE
          UNDERLYING LITIGATION WERE CONCLUDED PRIOR TO
          COUNSEL'S TERMINATION WHERE THE RECORD REFLECTS
          AN ORDER, AND ACTIVITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH THAT
          ORDER,   REQUIRING  ALL   PARTIES TO  CONTINUE
          GROUNDWATER TESTING AND FURTHER MOVEMENT
          TOWARD REMEDIATION?

          WHETHER PENNSYLVANIA LAW REQUIRES THE FEE
          RESOLUTION FOR TERMINATED COUNSEL BE BY QUANTUM
          MERUIT? ...

          WHETHER THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN BARRING ALL
          EVIDENCE     OF    HOURS    WORKED    AND    THE
          REASONABLENESS     OF THOSE    HOURS  FROM  JURY
          PRESENTATION AND WHETHER THE TRIAL COURT ERRED
          IN LIMITING EVIDENCE OF HOURS WORKED TO TWO DAYS
          OF FEDERAL COURT MEDIATION AND SOME PREPARATION
          THEREFORE?

          WHETHER THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN DETERMINING IN
          2006 THAT THE FEE AGREEMENT WAS A CONTINGENT FEE
          AGREEMENT ONLY, WITH RARE EXCEPTION FOR DIRECT
          NEGOTIATIONS WITH INSURERS, WHERE THE FINDING IS
          UNDERCUT BY THE COMPLAINT THAT WAS VERIFIED BY
          THE FLINTS AND POLYMERIC SYSTEMS?

          WHETHER THE EXPECTATIONS OF THE FLINTS AND
          COUNSEL AT THE TIME OF THE UNDERLYING SETTLEMENT
          WAS TO MOVE FORWARD WITH CHARACTERIZATION OF

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          THE SOIL;   CONTINUED PURSUIT OF POLLUTERS; AND
          ULTIMATELY TO ACHIEVE FULL REMEDIATION OF THE SOIL
          TO ACT II PERMITTED LEVELS OF CONTAMINATION?

(Appellant's Brief at 2-4).

        As a prefatory matter, Appellees have renewed           their application to

quash or dismiss the Appellant's appeal.             Specifically, Appellees argue

Appellant cannot appeal the entry of the final judgment in this case because

he acquiesced to the stipulated      verdict and failed to oppose the motion to

enforce it.      Given the parties' knowing and voluntary settlement of their

dispute before the trial court, Appellees contend an actual case or controversy

no longer exists.     Appellees allege Appellant   is   not an "aggrieved" party for

purposes of appeal. Appellees further maintain Appellant did not include any

challenge to the parties' voluntary resolution in his Rule 1925(b) statement.

Appellees conclude Appellant failed to identify any issues for appeal to undo

the settlement or judgment.

        Appellant    responds   he   agreed   to   the stipulated   verdict as an

"administrative gesture" so he could appeal the court's August 4, 2006 order,

which determined Appellant and Attorney Giansante were not entitled to an

hourly fee for all hours worked in the case.        Appellant contends the record

shows he only acquiesced to the stipulated verdict because the court decided

to limit testimony, concerning the number of hours Appellant and Attorney

Giansante worked on Appellees' case, to the hours they had spent on the first

day of trial and in preparation for federal mediation. Appellant maintains he

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did not intend to enter into          a   "global settlement" with Appellees.          Rather,

Appellant argues the only settlement that resulted from the agreed -upon

verdict was with Attorney Giansante alone, and Appellant was not                   a   party to

that settlement.           Appellant concludes his concise statement adequately

preserved the issues he now raises on appeal.

        Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate Procedure 501 provides:

           Rule 501. Any Aggrieved Party May Appeal

           Except where the right of appeal is enlarged by statute, any
           party who is aggrieved by an appealable order, or a fiduciary
           whose estate or trust is so aggrieved, may appeal
           therefrom.

              Note:     Whether or not a party is aggrieved by the
              action below is a substantive question determined by the
              effect of the action on the party, etc.

Pa.R.A.P. 501.     "A party is 'aggrieved' when the party has been adversely

affected by the decision from which the appeal               is   taken." Ratti v. Wheeling

Pittsburgh Steel Corp., 758 A.2d 695, 700 (Pa.Super. 2000), appeal denied,
567 Pa. 715, 785 A.2d 90 (2001).                Our Supreme Court has set forth the

following guidelines to meet this requirement:

           [I]n Pennsylvania,     party must be aggrieved in order to
                                  a
           possess standing to pursue litigation. Aggrievability is
           obtained by having a substantial, direct, and immediate
           interest in proceedings or litigation. When the standards for
           substantiality, directness, and immediacy are readily met,
           the inquiry into aggrievability, and therefore standing, ends.

Johnson v. American Standard, 607 Pa. 492, 516, 8 A.3d 318, 333 (2010).

        "Ordinarily,   a   party who consents to, or acquiesces in,          a   judgment or

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order cannot appeal therefrom." Brown v. Com., Dept.                   of Health,   495 Pa.
456, 460, 434 A.2d 1179, 182 (1981). Where an order                   is   entered pursuant

to   a   stipulated agreement, however, appellate review        is   permitted if the order

explicitly allows for an appeal or the record reveals the parties anticipated an

appeal.      Laird   v.    Clearfield & Mahoning Ry. Co.,       591 Pa. 322, 916 A.2d
1091 (2007) (holding appellate review of pre-trial rulings following entry of

stipulated order was not precluded where                   record    revealed    appellants

expressed desire to preserve their appeal rights, during course of stipulation

discussions). The conduct of the parties and the court, and the language of

the order are used to determine whether the stipulated agreement envisioned

further review. Id. See also Keystone Bldg. Corp. v. Lincoln Say. And

Loan Ass'n, 468 Pa. 85, 360 A.2d 191 (1976) (determining conduct of parties

and language of consent decree showed parties had agreed to resolve only

one issue in case and did not intend consent decree to be final determination

of entire claim; parties preserved their right to litigate other issues).

          Additionally, "[i]ssues not raised in the [trial] court are waived and

cannot be raised for the first time on appeal." Pa.R.A.P. 302(a). "[I]ssues

are preserved when objections are made timely to the error or offense."

Commonwealth v. Baumhammers, 599 Pa. 1, 23, 960 A.2d 59, 73     (2008),

cert. denied, 558 U.S. 821, 130 S. Ct. 104, 175 L. Ed. 2d 31 (2009). "[A] party

may not remain silent and afterwards complain of matters which, if erroneous,

the court would have corrected." Commonwealth v. Strunk, 953 A.2d 577,

                                              -9
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579 (Pa.Super. 2008) (quoting Commonwealth v. Clair, 458 Pa. 418, 423,

326 A.2d 272, 274 (1974)). See e.g. Commonwealth v. Burns, 765 A.2d
1144 (Pa.Super. 2000), appeal denied, 566 Pa. 657, 782 A.2d 542 (2001)

(holding appellant waived his argument regarding trial court's decision to

strike prospective juror because appellant failed to object on record).

        Furthermore, Rule 1925(b) requires that statements "concisely identify

each ruling or error that the appellant intends to challenge with sufficient

detail to identify all pertinent issues for the judge." Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b)(4)(ii).

"[I]ssues not included      in   the Statement and/or not raised in accordance with

the provisions of [Rule 1925(b)(4)] are waived." Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b)(4)(vii);

Majorsky     v.   Douglas, 58 A.3d 1250 (Pa.Super. 2012), appeal denied, 620
Pa. 732, 70 A.3d 811 (2013), cert. denied, 571 U.S. 1127, 134 S. Ct. 910, 187
L. Ed. 2d 780 (2014).

        Instantly, on November 14, 2017, the parties agreed on the record to         a

stipulated verdict of $6,750.00, to be paid by Appellees to Appellant and

Attorney Giansante. All of the parties agreed to the preparation and filing of

the stipulated judgment memorializing the verdict.             Appellant, however,

subsequently refused to sign the proposed stipulated judgment. As          a   result,

Appellees filed    a   motion on September 21, 2018, to enter "judgment per the

agreed -upon settlement" and to mark the case settled, discontinued, and

ended.     Attorney Giansante filed       a   memorandum in support of Appellees'

motion, whereas Appellant did not respond or oppose the motion. On October

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22, 2018, the court granted Appellees' motion as unopposed, entered

judgment on the stipulated verdict, declared the respective rights of the

parties to the action, and brought to      a   conclusion all causes of action.

Notwithstanding that final judgment, on November 13, 2018, Appellant filed

this appeal.

        Initially, Appellant agreed on the record to the stipulated verdict. But

when Appellees sought to reduce the stipulated verdict to judgment, Appellant

refused to sign the stipulation. After Appellees filed   a   motion to enforce the

stipulated or agreed -upon verdict, Appellant failed to object or oppose it.

Neither the record nor the language of the order expressed Appellant's intent

to appeal. To the contrary, the conduct of the parties and the court as well

as the language of the court's order make clear the stipulated         verdict and

judgment contemplated no further review. Thus, Appellant's position fails the

Laird rule and, under Pennsylvania law,   he arguably is not an aggrieved party

with standing to appeal that judgment. See Pa.R.A.P. 501; Laird, supra;

Brown, supra.
        Additionally, Appellant arguably waived his right to appeal from the

stipulated verdict/judgment because Appellant failed to put on the record any

reservations about the verdict or his intent to appeal the judgment entered on

the agreed -upon verdict. See Pa.R.A.P. 302(a); Strunk, supra. Appellant

had the opportunity to object explicitly to the creation, content, and entry of

the stipulated verdict; but he failed to do so. Appellant directs our attention
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to his statement on the record (see N.T. Hearing, 11/14/17, at 3-4; R.R. at

R.     129-30), but that statement   is   insufficient to show his agreement was

qualified, his intent was to challenge the court's prior order of August 4, 2006,

in an appeal, or his wish to   preserve his appellate rights in any other respect.

Thus, Appellant cannot now justifiably assert that he had agreed to the

stipulated verdict as an "administrative gesture," solely for the purposes of    a

later appeal. See id.

         Furthermore, Appellant failed to raise any challenge in his Rule 1925(b)

statement to the parties' voluntary resolution of the case or to the court's

October 22, 2018 order entering judgment per the agreed -upon verdict and

concluding all causes of action. Instead, Appellant confines his dispute to the

court's interpretation of the fee agreement.' Appellant has therefore possibly

1- In Appellant's issues combined, he challenges the court's interpretation of
the parties' 1996 fee agreement. According to Appellant, the fee agreement
provided for Appellant and Attorney Giansante to recover both the one-third
contingent fee based on the $40,800.00 monetary reward plus an hourly fee
of $135.00/hour for every hour spent on the case between 2001 and 2004.
Appellant maintains the attorneys were entitled to the hourly fees because
their legal work done in preparation for trial, between 2001 and 2004, laid the
foundation for Appellees to negotiate the non -monetary aspects of the
settlement including sharing the costs of remediation. Appellant contends the
trial court misinterpreted the fee agreement to allow only the one-third
contingent fee of the $40,800.00 monetary reward, and a $135.00 hourly fee
based on a limited number of hours spent working on mediation and the first
day of trial. In doing so, Appellant avers the court failed to consider specific
language contained in the verified complaint, as well as testimony regarding
mediation discussions between Appellant and Mr. Flint, that showed the
attorneys and Appellees sought both monetary and non -monetary relief from
the beginning of the case. Alternatively, Appellant claims he has the right to
quantum meruit.
                                          - 12 -
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waived any challenge related to the parties' stipulated verdict and the

judgment entered on it. See Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b)(4)(vii); Majorsky, supra.

        Finally, assuming without deciding Appellant qualifies as an aggrieved

party and properly preserved his issues per Rules 302 and 1925(b), we would

affirm based on the trial court opinions. (See Trial Court Opinion, filed August

7, 2006, at 17-29) (finding: 1996 fee agreement made clear Appellees owed

Appellant and Attorney Giansante one-third of net recovery from damages

action; if Appellant and Attorney Giansante failed to obtain monetary

recovery, Appellees would not owe them any fees for services rendered in

attempting to recover damages associated with property's contamination and

its remediation, or for any other recovery sought in damages action; fee

agreement plainly restricts hourly fees to time spent securing non -monetary

relief; sole non -monetary relief obtained in this case was recovery from

asbestos -litigation defendants some limited contributions to costs incurred

going forward in completing environmental assessment; hourly legal fees

attributable to other services provided by Appellant and Attorney Giansante

are not compensable under paragraph 6 of fee agreement; Appellees paid

their attorneys required contingent fee based upon settlement recovery of

$40,800 as mandated by fee agreement; Appellant and Attorney Giansante

are entitled to be paid for their legal services in securing asbestos -litigation

defendants' indemnity payments in accordance with paragraph 6 of fee

agreement). (See also Supplemental Trial Court Opinion, filed January 10,

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2019, at 2-5) (finding: on 11/14/17, parties agreed to settlement in form of

stipulated judgment for $6,750.00, to be paid by Appellees to Appellant and

Attorney Giansante; settlement was placed on record before court, and parties

agreed to prepare and file stipulated judgment memorializing agreed -upon

settlement; court subsequently entered judgment      in sum of   $6,750.00, based

on settlement agreement of parties and ordered discontinuance of action as

to all parties; notably, Appellant's Rule 1925(b) statement does not challenge

trial court's entry of latter order). Accordingly, we affirm.

        Order affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Jseph     Seletyn,
         D.
Prothonotary

Date: 8/2/19

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                                                                                             Circulated 07/26/2019 01:17 PM
  RCN\mfd\S:\Admln\Nagle\1.,t,11nions\McGlnley_Fllnt_Glansa:nte Declaratory Judgmt. ... oc

  THEODORE R. FLINT,                                           IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
  DEBORAH D. FLINT, and                                        CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
  POLYMERIC SYSTEMS, INC.
            Plaintiffs                                                                       SENT
                       v.                                      NO. 04-09152              AUG D 9 2006
                                                                                                                    c»
                                                                                                    t:..           \.,/'J
 LOUIS· GIANSANTE, ESQUIRE                                                                          ..     .   .   :t:a,

 et. al.
             Defendants                                        CIVIL ACTION - LAW
                                                                                                   ... ...         -        ..,..,
  Andrew P. Foster, Esquire, Megan Chemer-Ranft, Esquire, Attorne}f{fqr PMlntifft .
  Louis Giansante, Esquire, Attorney for Defendants Louis Giansante·; "Es'qulr.e- and:"
      · Giansante & Cobb, LLC.                                ·             �        ·
. John Brian Frock, Esquire, Attorney for Defendants Joseph A. McGinley, Esq.
        and Joseph A. McGinley Attorney LLC

                                             OPINION and ORDER

           Before me for decision is Defendant, Joseph A. McGinley Esquire's

 "Motlon for Declaratory Judgm_ent and for Oversight" in which he seeks
                                                                                 .,
 an order pursuant to the Declaratory Judgments Act, 42 Pa. C.S.A ..

 §7531 et seq construing a Contingent Fee Agreement dated August-20,

· 1996 (the Fee Agreement") and his rights thereunder. The- Act provdes
                  11

 that a court may construe the terms of a wrltten contract and declare·

 _disputed rights of the parties in a declaratory judgment action, and a

 contract may be construed either before or after a· breach has occurred.

 42 Pa. C.S.A. §§7531 & 7534. Some explanation of the events leading

· to the inception of this litigation Is necessary to an understanding of the

 divergent positions advanced by the parties, fueled by their differing

                                           APPENDIX "A                           11
historical perspectives which, in turn, have generated a barrage of facts

and counter-facts, prolix arguments and counter-arguments, and multiple

and shifting legal theories that tend to cloud the Fee Agreement under

scrutiny.

Factual Background:

      Both McGinley and fellow attorney, Louis Giansante, Esquire were

with the Philadelphia law firm of Lavin, Coleman, Finarelli and Gray

("Lavin Firm"), with whom the Flints, on behalf of themselves and their

corporation, Polymeric Systems, Inc., (collectively, the "Flints")

contracted under the terms of the Fee Agreement to represent them in a

lawsuit they brought in Chester County against various defendants,

among whom were A.P. DeSanno Company and its affiliates, Textron,

Inc., and Radiac Abrasives, Inc. ("DeSanno Defendants"), prior owners

of the Flints' Phoenixville, Chester County real estate, which those

defendants had previously used for the manufacture of grinding wheels

(the "Phoenlxvllle Property"). Specialty Chemicals, a former leasee, was

also sued. The lawsuit was premised upon contamination of the

Property by asbestos and by prior owners-industrial operations occurring

there. It appears that the Flints purchased the Property without the

benefit of a pre-settlement environmental assessment. Giansante and

                                      2
 McGinley separately left the Lavin Flrm subsequent to that Firm

 undertaking the Flints' representation, but were later contacted by the

 Flints and requested to take over their representation, since Giansante

 had expertise in environmental litigation. Both attorneys agreed to

 represent the Flints under the terms of the Fee Agreement, and both

 were actively engaged in their representation during the DeSanno

 lawsuit.

       Several years following their purchase of the Phoenixville Property

 in 1983, the Flints commissioned environmental assessments of the

 Property, including Phase I and Phase II environmental studies, which

 revealed the presence of metal contaminants, including lead in various

 locations on the Property, and the presence of asbestos insulating

 materials in one or more of the buildings, all requiring remediation of

. certain buildings, soil and ground water. During the Flints' ownership, a

 third defendant, Specialty Chemicals, Inc., leased a portion of the

 Phoenixville Property for the purpose of manufacturing lead-based and

 tin-based acids. Finding that site assessments and anticipated

 remediation costs approached Three Million Dollars, the Flints instituted

 suit against the DeSanno Defendants, seeking the recovery of past and

 anticipated environmental remediation costs, substantlally predicated on

                                       3
the Pennsylvania's Hazardous Sites Cleanup Act, 35 P.S. §§6020.101 et

seq, public nuisance, negligence, breach of contract and fraudulent

misrepresentation. They also sought damages for diminution of the

Property's value.

      In their lawsuit against the DeSanno Defendants and Specialty

Chemicals, the Flints essentially sought some $3,000,000 in remediation

costs, and their lawyers, Giansante and McGinley, each devoted literally

hundreds of hours to preparing the case for trial, anticipating that their

work would eventually be rewarded with a substantial recovery, from

which their contingent fee of thirty-three and one third percent (33.;.1 /3 % )

provided for in the Fee Agreement would be paid. However, during the

week before trial was to begin, the trial judge eviscerated the Flints' case

following a plethora of pre-trial motions filed by the DeSanno

Defendants, including, significantly, partial summary judgment in those

defendants' favor with respect to various counts of the Flints' complaint,

and; significantly, the judge's determination that the Flints' private right of

action seeking recovery of remediation costs under the Pennsylvania's

Hazardous Sites Cleanup Act limited the Flints' recovery to incurred or

past remediation costs only. Stripped of various claims and left with no

ability to recover the future costs of remediation at trial, the Flints settled

                                       4
 the case for a cash payment of $20,400 from Textron and $20,400 from

 Radiac and M&R Industries. Approved by the DeSanno trial court's June

 24, 2004 Order, the settlement agreement also included Textron" and

 Radiac's agreement to each pay one-third of "the costs to be incurred

 from this date forward for the completion. of the environmental ..

 assessment of the subject property by the selected qualified expert". The.

 Flints agreed to pay the remaining one-third of those costs. Attribution of

 responsibility for the actual remediation costs identified by the

. environmental assessment w� not resolved in ,the court-ordered

 settlement. In this respect the Agreement'stated
                                    .      .
                                                  that the parties had "not

· agreed to any sharing or allocation of costs for ariy remediation or ·
                                      I

 proposed remediation o.r for any other 'response costs' under" .... the

 Hazardous Sites Cleanup Act. ("DeSanno Settlement Agreement").'

 Subsequently, Textron and Radlac each paid $20,000 towards the costs

 of the environmental assessment, as agreed.· .

       The Settlement Agreement approved by the trial court explicitly

 stated that in exchange for the recited consideration· of $40,800 the· Flints

 agreed "to release
              .
                    and dismiss with prejudice all claims they have
                                                             .

 against Textron, Radiac and Special�y Chemical Systems, Inc.II ... for    an
 claims or costs incurred for asbestos abatement and for the investigation

                                          5
  and remediation of hazardous substances on Plaintiff's real property .... "

  and, further "to dismiss with prejudice the instant action" and a

  concurrent federal action filed by the Flints against defendants.

        After the DeSanno litigation was settled, and following some

· negotiations during which McGinley and Giansante sought to be paid on

· an hourly basis for their legal services in the DeSanno litigation,

 discussions broke down. The attorneys believed that they were due

 hourly fees for their work on the case in addition to the one-third

· contingent fee they were paid following the court's approval of the

 Settlement Agr�ement. Those discussions were terminated without

 resolution of the fee dispute. Glansante maintains that he remained .
                 .                                         .     1   .     .

 ready, willing and able to continue his representation of the Flints on an

 hourly basis, but insisted upon the· Flints signing a new fee agreement

. and a conflict of interest waiver in light of possible litigation over the

· meaning of the Fee Agreement. He now argues that the Flints refusal to

 sign the waiver, which he sent to the Flints on July 6, 2004, constituted

 his de facto discharge as the Flints' attorney.                               \

       Subsequently, attorney Michael Olley was consulted by the Flin.ts

.concerning the fee dispute. (Deposition Exhibit P-28). Olley opined that
         .   .                                .

 Giansante and McGiriley were not entitled to additional fees under the

                                         6
Fee Agreement, and advised Giansante that the Flints declined to pay

his "compromise" fee of $100,000. Giansante thereafter submitted a

detailed statement to the Flints for $200,503.42 calculated on an hourly

basis for his services rendered in the DeSanno litigation. Giansante also

claims that he wasdischarqed as the Flints attorney by Olley, with their
                                          '

permission. McGinley, who had been willi_ng to compromise his separate

fees. also submitted his statement for legal services calculated on an

hourly basis from the inception of the DeSanno litigation for the amounts

stated in his counterclaim.

      The Flints captioned lawsuit was instituted by them and their

corporation, Polymeric, in a two-count complaint seeking a declaratory

judgment pursuant to 42 Pa. C.S.A. §7531 to determine their liability for

legal fees that are due and owing, if any, under the terms of the Fee

Agreement arising out of the DeSanno litigation, and, in addition,

compensatory damages, incl.uding attorneys' fees and related legal costs

they have incurred in defending Giansante's and McGinley's claims for

additional legal fees. Giansante and his law firm, Giansante and Cobb,

LLC has sued the Flints in New Jersey seeking compensatory, civil RICO

damages, punitive damages, legal fees and courts costs arising out of

the latter's representation of the Flints in connection with the DeSanno

                                     7
 litigation. Glansante filed an answer· and new matter to the Flints

 captioned lawsuit, but not a counterclaim given his New Jersey lawsuit. .

 McGinley has filed a counterclaim in the captioned action seeking the
               .                                 .

 payment
  .      of hourly
            .      legal fees he contends to be due him under the terms ·

 of the Fee Agreement.

        · In the .i:i�m liti9ation before me, Giansante and McGinley

 advance the contentions that the ·significance of the court's pre-trial
    .                          .
 decisions that forced the .DeSanno Settlement Agr�ement was to

 postpone the determination of both the .award of future costs assoctated ·

 with .remediation of the Flints' Phoenixvilfe Property and the ..

 determination of the .dtrnlnutlon in itsvalue arising as a result of its

 contamlnatlon. And, they argue, it was their legal work in preparation for

 the DeSanno defendants' lawsuit and trial that provided the framework

 upon which the Flints could later negotiate with the DeSanno defendants

 for a sharing of the costs of remediation and diminution in their

. Phoenixville Property's value. 'Through their legal efforts from the

 inception of their representation in readying the DeSahno case for tnal ·

 and securing its settlement, Giansante and McGinley argue that their

 efforts have provided the Flints with leverage in their future negotiation_s

 with Textron, Radiac and others for future remediation contributions,

                                        8
even though the DeSanno court's Order approving the Settlement

Agreement ended the DeSanno defendants' liability for such

contributions. They thus contend that under the Settlement Agreement's

terms, they are entitled to be paid the hourly fees they have billed to the

Flints in addition to the contingent fee attributable to the recovery of

damages due under the terms of the Fee Agreement. They thus contend

that their engagement as the Flints' attorneys and their entitlement to

legal fees under the Fee Agreement were not terminated by the Textron

Settlement Agreement because their representation was understood by

the parties to encompass any future recovery the Flints are able to

negotiate with the DeSanno defendants, which they argue would be

attributable to their legal work preceding the Settlement_ Agreement.

These alleged entitlements are what I shall refer to as "Ascribed· Legal

Benefits": In advancing these contentions, they view their essential task

under the Fee Agreement as the protection of the Flints from future

remediation costs and recovery of the diminished value of the

Phoenixville Property, neither of which is now recoverable from the

DeSanno defendants.

      Admittedly, they have not been paid a fee for the $40,000 paid by

Textron and Radiac toward the further cost of the environmental

                                      9
assessment of the Flints' Property required by the Settlement

Agreement. Giansante also claims the Flints owe $1,036.75 in

unreimbursed court costs under the Fee Agreement.

McGinley's Declaratory Judgment Motion:

     . McGinley's instant Motion .is confusing. While it is stated as his

Motion, both the proposed order that accompanies it, as well as the

praecipe for determination state that it is also filed on behalf of

Giansante. In view of the Order I am entering in conjunction with this

Opinion, I will treat the Motion as a joint one. It should be noted that by

Order dated June 30, 2006 I denied Giansante's Motion seeking

summary judgment in the Flint's captioned lawsuit.

      McGinley has asserted a three-count counterclaim against the

Flints. He seeks $105,367.50 for his services at the hourly rate of

$135.00 specified in the Fee Agreement as applicable to "non-monetary

relief', $136,587.50 premised on a quantum meruit claim at an hourly

rate of $175.00, and $50;000.00 he claims attributable to the Flints' bad

faith in not paying his fees.

      The first leg of McGinley's Motion asserts that the focus of the

Textron and Radiac litigation was to insulate the Flints and their

corporation from remediation costs of some $3,000,000, not simply to

                                      10
 recover money to pay those costs. He asserts that the DeSanno

 Settlement. Agreement was the culmination of substantial legal efforts on .

 his part, the value of which is properly measured by the number of hours ·

 he spent in preparing the litigatio·n to achieve the settlement. and the

 Ascribed· Legal Benefits, the so-called "conferred benefits" as he puts it,       ··

 forwhich he is entitled to recovery in the alternative, for reimbursement

 at the rate of $135.00 per hour, stated in the Fee Agreement as
                                                    .                          .
 attributable to "non-monetary relief', or $175.00 per hour on a quantum

 meruit basis. The second le.t:t of McGinley's Motion seeks a court- .
                                                        .                  .
. ordered 'protection" at McGinley's and Giansante's entitlement to future
                     .              .
 legal fees by requiring the Flints to provide Giansante with
                                                          .   all' ·   .

investigative environmental assessment and remediation· data· collected

by or on behalf of the Flints with.respect to their Phoenixville Property to

insure that they do not short-cut the assessment and remediation

process, which obviously would have the effect of reducing their legal

fees under fhelr "conferred benefits" entitlement theory .. McGinley points

to deposition testimony of Plaintiff, Theodore Flint, suggesting to ·

McGinley that the on-going remedial assessment of the Flints' property,

now under the Flints' control, has been curtailed and is not being

vigorously pursued, which he contends is fraudulent as to hlrn and

                                        11
Giansante, as well as the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental

Protection, an entity not involved in the captioned litigation.

      The Flints vigorously oppose McGinley1s declaratory judgment

motion and have filed their own counter- motion for declaratory

judgment, which their Complaint also seeks, based upon their

interpretation of the Contingent Fee Agreement. The Flints' counter ·

motion contends that their liability for the Ascribed Legal Benefits

asserted by McGinley and Giansante is fixed by the contingency

provision of the Fee Agreement, that their damages claim was resolved

by the DeSanno Settlement Agreement, which in turn fixed tnelr liability

for legal fees arising from the DeSanno litigation, that they paid McGinley

and Giansante the agreed-upon contingent. fee calculated on the

$40,880 settlement recovery established in the Fee Agreement, (which is

not denied), and that the Settlement Agreement ended the DeSanno

litigation and McGinley's and Giansante's engagement as their attorneys.

They believe that any remaining liability they may have to McGinley and

Giansante is limited by the "non-monetary relief' provision of the Fee

Agreement for the time spent by them in negotiating Textron's and

Radlac's contributions toward the cost of the environmental assessment

of the Flints' Property, provided for in the Settlement Agreement.

                                      12
    The Contingent Fee Agreement:

    The Contingent Fee Agreement provides in pertinent part, as follows:

                 "1. Clients hereby appoint, retain and authorize Attorneys
    to bring suit or to settle and compromise before or after suit all· claims on
    behalf of the Clients arising out of damages sustained by the clients as a
    result of purchasing a property located at 723 Wheatland Street,
    Phoenlxvllle, PA on which are located buildings with asbestos-containing
    materials.

                2.   Clients agree not to settle or adjust this claim or any
    proceedings based thereon without written consent of Attorneys, nor to
    terminate the employment of Attorneys without consent of Attorneys and·
    payment for services rendered.                                 ·

              3.     Clients· agree to pay for Attorneys' services in
   connection with this claim by. payment of 3.31/3% of the net recovery.
   whether recovery is made by settlement; verdict or judgment.

                . 4.   Attorneys agre_e to use. their best efforts to settle or
·, . prosecute this daim. If no recovery is obtained, Attorneys shall have no
     claim for attorneys; fees against CHents for services rendered.
                      .       .                                .

               5.    Attorneys are authorized to pay from Clients' share of
   any recovery all expenses, repair bills, subrogation claims, witnessfees,
   expert witness fees, costs of consulting experts, court costs and any
   other out-of-pocket expenses which constitute any part of Clients' claim
   or which are necessary to the recovery of the clalm.' ·

               6.     If it becomes necessary_to enter into negotiations with
   lnsurance Companies or other entities to seek non-monetary relief, such
   as indemnification, on theclients' behalfourcharqes for-services will be·
   at the hourly'Attorney rate of $135.� · ·

      · . The Fee Agreement was preceded by discussion among the Flints

   and their attorneys concerning·the basis uponwhlch the latter would ·

                                         13
undertake the Flints' representation, the history of which is instructive to

a determination of the instant Motions. Giansante had been provided

with information about contamination of the Flints' Phoenixville Property

by an environmental consulting firm, which did not at that time disclose

the entire scope of the environmental contamination, as it predated the

Phase I and II studies. Giansante then prepared an interoffice

memorandum for the Lavin Firm, of which he was then a member,

suggesting that the case be taken on a contingent fee basis, with a flat

monthly fee added, for which credit would be given to the clients upon

recovery and payment of the contingent fee. Exhibits P- 3 thru P-7.

Members of the Lavin Firm, including Giansante, conducted a meeting

on July 30, 1996 with the environmental consultant, memorialized in

writing, to discuss the particulars of the remediation to the extent it was

then understood, legal requirements respecting removal of the asbestos

contamination, potential future claims resulting from employees'

exposure to asbestos, evaluation of insurance issues and potential

liability of unidentified insurance companies in sharing liability for the

remediation, liability of prior owners of the Property and, importantly,

structuring the Lavin Firm's legal fees. Shortly after this meeting,

Clinton, on behalf of the Lavin Firm, prepared and sent the Fee

                                      14
Agreement to the Flints, which they promptly signed, engaging the Firm

to handle the contamination lawsuit. Exhibit P-8 & P-9.

      The July 30, 1996 meeting memorandum contains the following

description of the proposed fee structure:

      "Henry (Clinton, a principal of the Lavin Firm) explained that it is

not unusual for a law firm to charge 40% of the total recovery; the client

is typically responsible for costs. However, in this instance, they are

proposing a 33 1/3 contingency fee arrangement, i.e., if any recovery is

made, they would get 1/3."

      "If carriers would need to be pursued, Lou (Giansante) thought that

could be fit in under the contingency. Lou's time for negotiations would ·

be at the rate of $135/hour'. Exhibit P-8 & P-9.

      In his executed verification dated February 24, 2006, Henry

Clinton, states that on August 1, 1996, he forwarded the Fee Agreement

to Plaintiff, Theodore Flint by FAX, together with a cover letter in which

he explained the non-monetary relief provision governing

indemnification, also described in his verification, as follows:

      "Paragraph 6 of the contingency agreement addresses non-

monetary relief. As we discussed, if we negotiate with insurance carriers

to obtain indemnification from them in the event of any future litigation,

                                     15
by for instance, former or current employees as a result of any alleged

exposure to asbestos, those negotiations with your carriers .will be

performed at an hourly Attorney rate of $135."

      "As stated in this quoted paragraph, the attorney rate of$135

applied only to time spent negotiating on behalf of the clients to seek

non-monetary relief, such as indemnification from insurance carriers or

other entities." Exhibit P-10 & P-11.

      Giansante maintains that in discussing with Clinton what should be

included in the Fee Agreement, he explained to Clinton that

"environmental plaintiff's agreements have to be drafted to protect the

firm if relief is accepted by a client that is not readily reducible to a

monetary amount". In such cases, "it is appropriate to negotiate a fixed

hourly rate that would attach for all work done so that the client would be

billed on an hourly basis related to the relief that they have taken".

Exhibit P-14, pp. 46-47. Indeed, Giansante's Answer to the Flints'

Complaint avers that "the parties to the agreement [the Fee Agreement]

included a provision that allowed for the payment of all time applied to

the case by the attorneys at a reduced hourly rate" that induced the

Lavin Firm to undertake the Flints' case. However, that is not precisely

the case, as Paragraph 6 of the Fee Agreement prepared by Clinton did

                                       16
 not embody the language specified in Glansante's Answer. It does not

· include "a provision that allowed for the payment of all time applied to the

 case by the attorneys at a reduced hourly rate". Rather, the Fee

 Agreement sent by Clinton to the Flints addressed the hourly rate only in

 relation to negotiations with insurance companies or other entities to

 seek "non-monetary relief, such as indemnification", as reinforced in his

transmittal letter to the Flints. The engagement identified in the Fee

Agreement to which the contingent fee applied clearly refers to the

damages claim. Contrary to Giansante's and McGinley's interpretations,

the Fee Agreement does not say that they are also entitled to their hourly·

fees in preparation for and resolution of the damages claim.

      · The Flints· promptly signed the Fee Agreement for themselves

and Polymeric on August 20, 1996. For reasons that need not detain us,

suit was not instituted against the DeSanno defendants until March 2001.

Discussion: ·

      "[nhe purpose of the Declaratory Judgments Act is to afford relief

from uncertainty and insecurity with respect to legal rights, status and

other relations." Juban v. Schermer, 751 A.2d 1190, 1193

(Pa.Super.2000). Under the Declaratory Judgments Act, the trial court is

empowered to declare the rights and obligations of the parties, even if no

                                     17
other relief is sought. Id. Ordinary summary judgment procedures are

applicable to declaratory judgment actions. Lititz Mutual. Insurance. Co.

v. Steely, 746 A.2d 607, 609 (Pa.Super.1999); Keystone Aerial Surveys,
Inc. v, Pennsylvania Property & Casualty Insurance Guaranty

Assoctetion, 777 A.2d 84,88 (Pa. Super. 2001 ).

      In a declaratory judgment action, just as in civil actions generally,

"[sjurnmary judgment may be granted only in those cases in which the

record clearly shows that there are no genuine issues of material fact

and the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law."

Harleysville Insurance Companies v. Aetna Casualty and Surety

Insurance Company, 795 A.2d 383, 385 {Pa. 2002) (citing P.J.S.       v.
Pennsylvania State Ethics Commission, 555 Pa. 149 723 A.2d 174, 176
                                                       1

(1999); Hydropress Environmental Services, Inc. v. Township of Upper

Mount Bethel, 836 A.2d 912, 918 (Pa. 2003).

      Declaratory judgment relief may not be secured as a matter of

right. Rather, its exercise is a matter of sound judicial discretion. There

is no requirement that the court define the rights of the parties before

conducting a trial, but such declaration is appropriate if it can be made

on the facts educed before trial, and such declaration will be of material

benefit in resolving the dispute. Consolidated Coal Company et al v.

                                     18
 White et al, 875 A.2d 318 (Pa. Super. 2005); Osram Sylvania Products,

 Inc. v. Comsup Commodities, Inc., 845 A.2d 846 (Pa. Super. 2004 );

 William A. Warner, Jr. v. Continental/CNA Insurance Companies, 688
A.2d 177 (Pa. Super. 1996). The declaration made by the trial court

"may be either affirmative or negative in form and effect, and such

declaration shall have the force and effect of a final judgment or decree".

42 Pa. C.S.A. §7532. Declaratory relief is "cumulative and additional, not

in place of, other forms of relief. Therefore, it is clear that an action for

declaratory judgment is designed to operate with, not instead of, any

underlying dispute." Bottomer v. Progressive Casualty Insurance

Company, 816 A.2d 1172, 1176 (Pa. Super. 2003).

      The interpretation of a contract is a matter of law to be decided by

the court. Roman Mosaic and Tile Company v. Carney, 729 A.2d 73, 77

(Pa. Super. 1999); Madison Construction Company v. Har/eysville

Mutual Insurance Company, 735 A.2d 100, 1·06 (Pa. 1999).· When the

contract is clear and unambiguous, the court examines the writing itself

to give effect to the parties' understanding. Creeks   v. Creeks, 619 A.2d
754, 756 (Pa.Super 1993); Lange v, Meske, 850 A.2d 737 (pa. Super.

2004). When construing agreements involving clear and unambiguous

terms, the court need only examine the writing itself to give effect to the

                                      19
parties' understanding as the contract is written. It may not modify the

plain meaning of the words under the guise of interpretation, or stretch its

meaning by attributing to it an unintended construction not supported by

the contract language. Vaccarello v. Vaccarello, 757 A.2d 909 (Pa.

2000). Conversely, when the language is ambiguous and the intentions

of the parties cannot be reasonably ascertained from the lj3.nguage of the

writing alone, the parol evidence is admissible to resolve the ambiguity.

A contract is ambiguous if it is reasonably susceptible of different·

constructions and capable of being understood in more than one sense.

Walton v. Philadelphia National Bank, 545 A.2d 1383, 1389

(Pa.Super.1988). The court must determine as a question of law whether

the contract terms are clear or ambiguous. Id .

      .. Contractual language is ambiguous if it is reasonably susceptible

of different constructions and capable of being understood in more than

one sense. This is not a question to be resolved in a vacuum. Rather,

contractual terms are ambiguous if they are subject to more than one

reasonable interpretation when applied to a particular set of facts. We

will not however, distort the meaning of the language or resort to a

strained contrivance in order to find an ambiguity." Madison

Construction Company v. Harleysville Mutual Insurance Company,

                                     20
            '''7
      JP
      .,•

.,
 ·;

                   supra; Wi/cha v. Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company, 887 A.2d 1254

                   (Pa. 1999).

                         After reviewing literally hundreds of pages of materials submitted

                   by the parties in support of their respective positions, including lengthy

                   legal memorandums, the most striking aspect to me is the parties'

                   concentration on their individual historical interpretations of the facts

                   leading to this dispute, rather than a critical exegesis of the contract.

                   One could argue that such diversity of opinion is, itself, support for a

                   conclusion that the governing contract is ambiguous. However, I do not

                   find that to be the case. Regardless of what. the attorneys in this case

                   would earnestly like the court to interpret the Fee Agreement to say or to

                   mean, it is, in reality, a simple and straightforward document, perhaps

                   too much so as attested by the litigation it has spawned. · In any event. it

                   is apparent from the already extensive record that there is nothing more

                   the parties could produce by way of evidence at trial that would change

                   my understanding of the contractual arrangement embodied in the Fee

                   Agreement.

                         It anticipated the Lavin Firm's representation of the Flints in an

                   action "arising out of damages sustained by the clients" in purchasing the

                   Phoenixville Property on which were located buildings with "asbestos-

                                                        21
containing materials". Giansante and McGinley agreed to be bound by

the terms of the Fee Agreement in their representation of the Flints. After

the Fee Agreement was reached, in-ground contamination from another

pollutant, lead, was found, and the focus of the litigation was expanded

to include such contamination as an element of the damages sought.

The complaint filed against the DeSanno defendants advanced various

legal theories supporting recovery. However, the Fee Agreement was not

revised to address any change in the terms and conditions of Giansante

and McGinley's legal representation of the Flints arising after its

execution, including discovery of additional contaminants. Rather, the

Flints' liability remained to pay their attorneys one-third of the "net

recovery" from the damages action. If no such recovery were obtained,

the Flints would not owe their lawyers any attorneys' fees for their

services rendered in attempting to recover damages associated with

their Property's contamination and its remediation or for any other

recovery sought in the damages action. The Flints agreed not to settle

the damages case or any proceedings based thereon without their

lawyers' consent, and, further, not to terminate their lawyers'

employment 'without consent of Attorneys and payment for services

rendered". Obviously, this latter provision was intended to protect the

                                      22
lawyers' fees by precluding their termination before they were paid for

their legal work, as the quoted language is written in the conjunctive and

not the disjunctive. Finally, the intent of the language of the Fee

Agreement as it pertains to "non-monetary relief, such as

indemnification" is clearly expressed, and is confirmed by the meetings

and memorandums that preceded its execution, described above.

      An examination of the legal nature of "lndemnlflcatlon" is also

instructive in reaching my decision that the damages claim is not linked ·

to the Agreement's provision governing non-monetary relief.

Indemnification is defined as "[t]he action of compensating for loss or

darnaqe sustained." Black's Law Dictionary 772 (7th Ed.1999). The

term "indemnity" is defined as: 1. A duty to make good any loss, damage,

or liability incurred by another. 2. The right of an injured party to claim

reimbursement for its loss, damage, or liability from a person who has

such a duty. 3. Reimbursement or compensation for loss, damage, or

liability in tort; [especially], the right of a party who is secondarily liable to

recover from the party who is primarily liable for reimbursement of

expenditures paid to a third party for injuries resulting from a violation of

a common-law duty. Id

                                        23
      Various examples can be cited, but two are pertinent here. '1n the

tort context, the right of indemnity rests upon a difference between the

primary and the secondary liability of two persons, each of whom is

made responsible by the law to an injured party. It is a right which inures

to a person who, without active fault on his own part, has been

compelled, by reason of some legal obligation, to pay damages

occasioned by the initial negligence of another, and for which he himself

is only secondarily liable." Builders Supply Co. v. McCabe, 77 A.2d 368

(Pa. 1951 ).

      Indemnity is a common law equitable remedy that shifts the entire

responsibility for damages from a party who, without fault, has been

required to pay because of a legal relationship to the party at fault. In the

context of tort indemnity, the liability of the indemnitor to the tort victim is

primary and that of the indemnitee is secondary. City of Wilkes-Barre v.

Kaminski Brothers, 804 A.2d 89 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2002). Before

indemnification rights accrue, the party seeking indemnification must pay

the claim or verdict damages before obtaining any rights to pursue

indemnification. Chester Carriers, Inc. v. National Union Fire Ins. Co. of

Pittsburgh, 767 A.2d 555, 563 (Pa.Super.2001 ). In the context of the

Flint damages action, a settlement agreement could have been reached

                                       24
in which the DeSanno defendants agreed to indemnify the Flints against

statutory or common law liabilities they might incur in the future simply as

owners of the Phoenixville Property, including required remediation, but

that was not provided for in the DeSanno Settlement Agreement.

Rather, the only unresolved monetary contributions arising under the .

Settlement Agreement were Textron's and Radiac's agreements to

contribute two-thirds of "the costs to be incurred from this date forward

for the completion of the environmental assessment of the subject

property". (June 24, 2004 Court Order, para. 6).

      Indemnification also typically arises in connection with an insured's

claim under his insurance policy requiring his liability carrier to provide

him with a defense and indemnify him against various types of loss. 401

Fourth Street, Inc. v. Investors Insurance Group, 879 A.2d 166, 171 (Pa.

2005). That is obviously one of the circumstances contemplated by

paragraph 6 in the Flints' Fee Agreement as described by Attorney

Clinton in his August 1, 1996 letter to Theodore Flint.

      The very nature of indemnification lends additional credence to the

Flints' contention that the Fee Agreement was intended to draw a

distinction between the direct claim for monetary damages brought by

McGinley and Giansante on behalf of the Flints against the DeSanno

                                      25
defendants, and claims seeking non-monetary relief, such as

indemnification, in which the Flints could advance their right to seek

Iiabllity protection from one or more of their insurance companies against

third party claims asserted against them or, indemnification from prior

owners of their Property. For the reasons discussed above, neither·

McGinley nor Giansante are entitled by the Fee Agreement to the

additional hourly fees to which they claim entitlement attributable to their

preparation of the damages claims asserted in the Flints' lawsuit against

the DeSanno defendants and resolved by the DeSanno Settlement

Agreement. Neither are they entitled to hourly fees under paragraph 6 of

the Fee Agreement under the guise of preserving the Flints ability to

secure the Ascribed Legal Benefits to the Flints. That paragraph clearly

restricts hourly fees to time successfully spent securing non-monetary

relief. On the record before me, the only such relief was Textron's and

Radiac's limited contributions to the "costs" incurred going forward in

completing the environmental assessment. Hourly legal fees attributable

to other services provided by Giansante and McGinley are not

compensable under paragraph 6 of the Fee Agreement.

      The Supreme Court's decision in Capek v. De Vito, 767 A.2d 1047

(Pa. 2001 ), iri conjunction with paragraph 2 of the Fee Agreement, adds

                                     26
a legal wrinkle. In Capek, the question was whether! under the terms of

a contingency fee agreement, an attorney discharged before resolution

of a personal injury case retains a quantum meruit claim where the

agreement so provided in the event of his termination by the client before

the case was resolved. There, the discharged attorney had achieved a

modest recovery before his termination that paled in contrast to the

ultimate verdict. The court reversed summary judgment in the client's

favor because disputed issues remained undecided relative to the

quantum meruit claim. Instantly, however, theDefsanno defendants'

litigation was settled while McGinley and Giansante remained the Flints'

attorneys, the settlement was embodied in the terms of this court's June

24, 2004 Order, and the Flints paid their attorneys the required

contingent fee based upon the settlement recovery of $40,800, all as

mandated by the Fee Agreement. Once the Settlement Agreement was

consummated by Court Order, their entitlement to legal fees was

restricted by the recovery they actually achieved in that case, as

provided for in paragraph 3 of Fee Agreement.

      Capek does preserve McGinley's and Giansante's claim for

payment of their legal fees arising from Textron's and Radiac's payments

toward further environmental assessment of the Flint's Property,

                                    27
described in paragraph 6 of the Court's June 24, 2004 Order approving .

the settlement Aqrsement. However, while those fee entitlements flow

directly out of the settlement of the damages action, the liability of

Textron and Radiac is stated in the Settlement Agreement in terms of

"allocation" or the assignment of liability among the Flints and those

defendants. Therefore, Giansarite arid McGinley are entitled to be paid·

for their lega!"services in securing those indemnity payments in

accordance with paragraph 6 of theFee Agreement.

    . The second aspect of McGinley's Motion, that is, requiring the
           .                                                             .
Flints to provide Giansantewith all investigative data arising from the on-

going environmental assessment of their Property is resolved by my

disposition of the first leg of McGin.ely's Motion. Neither of these

Defendants has the right to oversight or direction of the Flints' affairs to

protect fees to which it has been determined they are not entitled· under

the Fee Agreement. Defendants express the fear that the Flints will

abbreviate completion of the environmental assessment. That concern is ·

unavailing, however, since their fees under paragraph 6 of the Fee

Agreement are already established by the time they spent in negotiating.

Textron's and Radiac's payments towards those costs. Even had my

decision been otherwise, McGinley's brief cites no legal authority

                                      28
supporting the relief sought ln this respect, candidly admitting that the

relief is sought to protect his and Giansante's fees. (McGinley's Brief, p.

14). In Pennsylvania, a client has the absolute right to choose his

attorney, and I have no authority to force legal representation upon the

Flints. Hiscott and Robinson v. King, 626 A.2d 1235 (Pa. Super. 1993).

     As instructed by Bottomer v. Progressive Casualty Insurance

Company, declaratory relief granted in this decision does not necessarily

resolve the remaining, underlying dispute. Such is the case here.

Resolution of the parties' remaining claims will be resolved at trial, unless

settlement can be achieved with the court's assistance.

     Accordingly, I enter the following:

                                     29
                              )I       ORDER
      AND NOW, August�, 2006 McGinley's Motion For

Declaratory Judgment is DENIED.
                                                                                                  se�f
                                                                                       AUG 09 2006
      Plaintiffs' Cross Motion For Declaratory Judgment is GRANTED to

the following extent. Neither McGinley nor Giansante are entitled by the ·
                                                                                     ,:::,
                                                                                     ·:J'>
                                                          •   (     .•... ···        "'N
August 20, 1996 Fee Agreement to hourly ·fees to which �9.�y·cl�J?l , .
                                                           ..•. --·-         .
                                                            ......... ·, I

entitlement in connection with the DeSanno litigation, the,:$�rn'.e QeinQ:···;
                                         •

                                                                   ,-
                                                               .:�: .::·.

                                                                  . ::.. ··
                                                                               • .    �;:�

                                                                                      . . ... �
                                                                                                  •   !.

                                                                                                  ... ..
                                                                                                           ';

                                                                  no'r
                                                                              •"'

wholly governed by paragraphs 1 through 3 of the Fee Ag're�meffl;
                                                             w

are they entitled under that Fee Agreement to hourly fees attributable to

their legal work in providing the Ascribed Legal Benefits described in the

foregoing Opinion. Their entitlement to legal fees in negotiating indemnity

payments by Textron and Radiac is governed by paragraph 6 of the Fee

Agreement.

      The remaining claims of the parties not resolved by this Opinion

and Order shall be resolved at trial or by agreement of the parties, if any. ·

      SO ORDERED.

                                             Ronald C. Nagle                          J.

                                       30