Court Opinion

ID: 205127
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2011-02-19 01:02:35+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:27:46.856809
License: Public Domain

ALD-105                                                  NOT PRECEDENTIAL

                   UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                        FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
                             ___________

                                  No. 10-4048
                                  ___________

                           DEBRA-ANN WELLMAN,
                                          Appellant

                                        v.

                      DUPONT DOW ELASTOMERS L.L.C.
                 t/a, Dupont High Performance Elastomers L.L.C.
                    ____________________________________

                           DEBRA-ANN WELLMAN,
                                          Appellant

                                        v.

                         THE DUPONT COMPANY
                   ____________________________________

                 On Appeal from the United States District Court
                            for the District of Delaware
                 (D.C. Civil Nos. 05-cv-00278 and 05-cv-00279)
                   District Judge: Honorable Sue L. Robinson
                  ____________________________________

      Submitted for Possible Dismissal Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B)
      or Summary Action Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 27.4 and I.O.P. 10.6
                                February 3, 2011

           Before: SCIRICA, HARDIMAN and VANASKIE, Circuit Judges

                        (Opinion filed: February 18, 2011)
                                      _________

                                      OPINION
                                      _________

PER CURIAM

       Debra-Ann Wellman, proceeding pro se, appeals the District Court‟s order

granting summary judgment in favor of Dupont Dow Elastomers LLC (“DDE”) and

DuPont Company (“DuPont”) (collectively, “defendants”). For the reasons below, we

will affirm.

                                           I.

       DuPont employed Wellman as an administrative assistant from 1978 to 1988 and

from 1992 to 1996 when she accepted an offer of employment with DDE. In 2001,

Wellman claimed that her supervisor, Paul Graves, and an administrative assistant, Mary

Ann Price, began harassing her and created a hostile work environment. She claimed that

Graves sexually harassed her, and that she was subjected to threats and abuse. She

stopped working on February 11, 2002. DDE investigated Wellman‟s claims and

determined that she had not been the victim of harassment or abuse. It did warn Graves

to avoid showing Price any favoritism and to “closely monitor [his] remarks.”

       Wellman sought psychological treatment beginning on February 11, 2002, until

November 2002. Wellman was diagnosed with adjustment disorder and stress about her

work. The psychologist also determined that Wellman was capable of returning to work,

but that she should be moved and be assigned a different supervisor. Another doctor

                                           2
prescribed her Ambien and Klonopin for adjustment disorder with depressed and anxious

mood. A neurologist determined that she did not have any neuropsychological

impairments and that she could return to work.

       Wellman‟s Employee Assistance Counselor (“EAC”) requested that she undergo

an independent psychological and psychiatric evaluation. The doctors concluded that she

exhibited “traits of borderline, hysterical, and narcissistic personality,” but that she was

“not psychologically disabled.” The psychiatrist recommended that she not return to her

position at DDE.

       DDE‟s human resources met with Wellman in August 2002, after she was cleared

to return to work. DDE informed her that she could continue in her current position or

apply for an incapability pension. After an extension, Wellman failed to attend her

return-to-work meeting, and on August 26, 2002, she left a voicemail stating that she was

unwilling to return to work. DDE terminated her employment.

       Wellman filed a charge of discrimination with the Equal Employment Opportunity

Commission (“EEOC”) against DuPont and DDE based on retaliation, gender, and

disability. The EEOC dismissed the charges in February 2005 and informed her of her

right to sue. She then filed two identical complaints in the District Court pursuant to

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5, and the Americans with

Disability Act (“ADA”), one each against DuPont and DDE. DuPont and DDE filed

motions for summary judgment, which the District Court granted on September 14, 2010.

Wellman filed a timely notice of appeal.
                                              3
                                              II.

       We have appellate jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291. In reviewing a

District Court order granting summary judgment, we apply the same test that the District

Court applied. Saldana v. Kmart Corp., 260 F.3d 228, 231 (3d Cir. 2001). Summary

judgment is proper when, viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the non-

moving party and drawing all inferences in that party‟s favor, there is no genuine issue of

material fact and the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Id. at 232;

Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a). The party opposing summary judgment “may not rest upon the

mere allegations or denials of the . . . pleading,” but “must set forth specific facts

showing that there is a genuine issue for trial.” Saldana, 260 F.3d at 232 (citing Fed. R.

Civ. P. 56(e); Matsushita Elec. Indus. Co. v. Zenith Radio Corp., 475 U.S. 574 (1986)).

                                              III.

       A.     DuPont

       In the employment discrimination context, a parent corporation will be held

responsible as an employer only where it and the subsidiary are “„so interrelated and

integrated in their activities, labor relations and management‟ that we should pierce the

corporate veil.” Marzano v. Computer Sci. Corp., 91 F.3d 497, 514 (3d Cir. 1996)

(citation omitted). Wellman conceded that DDE was her employer during the time the

alleged conduct occurred. However, she argued that DuPont is liable for the actions of its

subsidiaries, and that it was responsible, through the EAC, for her termination. The

District Court concluded that there was no evidence showing that DuPont‟s and DDE‟s
                                               4
operations were interrelated. It noted that Wellman did not claim that Dupont and DDE

shared common management, ownership, or financial management. DDE alone paid her

wages, and DuPont was not consulted about her termination. Finally, the District Court

considered that the National Labor Relations Board has determined that DuPont and DDE

are not alter egos of each other. In re DuPont Dow Elastomers L.L.C., 332 N.L.R.B.

1071 (2000). We agree that Wellman failed to set forth facts showing that there is a

genuine issue for trial regarding DuPont‟s status as her employer. See Saldana, 260 F.3d

at 232. Accordingly, the District Court properly granted summary judgment in favor of

DuPont.

       B.     DDE

              1. Retaliation

       Wellman first claims that DDE terminated her in retaliation for filing harassment

complaints. To establish a prima facie case of retaliation, Wellman must present

sufficient evidence to establish that: (1) she was engaged in protected conduct; (2) an

adverse action was taken; and (3) there is a causal link between the protected conduct and

the adverse action. Woodson v. Scott Paper Co., 109 F.3d 913, 920 (3d Cir. 1997). Once

a prima facie case is established, the burden shifts to DDE to present a non-retaliatory

explanation for terminating Wellman. Id. at 920 n.2. Wellman must then establish that

there is sufficient evidence for the factfinder to “(1) disbelieve the employer‟s articulated

legitimate reasons; or (2) believe that an invidious discriminatory reason was more likely

than not a motivating or determinative cause of the employer‟s action.” Fuentes v.
                                              5
Perskie, 32 F.3d 759, 764 (3d Cir. 1994).

       The District Court concluded that Wellman failed to establish a prima facie case of

retaliation because she could not demonstrate a causal link between her filing of the

harassment charges with the EEOC and her termination. Wellman never filed an internal

sexual harassment charge, and filed her EEOC charge only eleven days before her

termination. Wellman maintains that even if DDE did not have notice of her EEOC

charge, she had expressed her concerns about Graves and Price to human resources

before her termination. However, DDE paid her short-term disability benefits for seven

months after she spoke to human resources. At her August 2002 meeting with the EAC

and human resources, she was offered her previous position or the option of applying for

an incapability pension. She admits the parties also discussed her being moved to a

different supervisor within a few months of her return to work. DDE also gave her an

extension of one week to make her decision, but she did not respond, nor did she attend

her final return-to-work meeting, and was eventually terminated for job abandonment.

The record shows that she was aware that if she did not return to work, she would be

terminated. Contrary to her retaliation claim, DDE also informed DuPont that it did not

object to her applying for a new position with DuPont. Accordingly, we agree with the

District Court that Wellman failed to show facts supporting a prima facie case of

retaliation.

       Even assuming that Wellman established a prima facie case of retaliation, DDE

offered a non-discriminatory reason for terminating Wellman, namely that she refused to
                                             6
attend her return-to-work meeting. The District Court found that Wellman failed to rebut

DDE‟s legitimate reason. She admitted that she had received disability benefits for

almost seven months and refused to attend her scheduled meetings. Accordingly, the

District Court properly concluded that there were no genuine issues of material fact, and,

as such, did not err in granting summary judgment on the retaliation claim.

              2. Hostile Work Environment

       Wellman also claims that she was subjected to a hostile work environment in

violation of Title VII. To establish such a claim, Wellman must prove that: (1) she

suffered intentional discrimination based on her membership in a protected class; (2) the

discrimination was pervasive and regular; (3) the discrimination detrimentally affected

her; (4) a reasonable person in the same position and protected class would have been

detrimentally affected; and (5) respondeat superior liability exists. See West v. Phila.

Elec. Co., 45 F.3d 744, 753 (3d Cir. 1995). Courts are to consider the frequency and

severity of the discriminatory conduct, and determine whether it is “physically

threatening or humiliating, or a mere offensive utterance.” Faragher v. City of Boca

Raton, 524 U.S. 775, 787-88 (1998). “Teasing, offhand comments, and isolated incidents

(unless extremely serious) will not amount to discriminatory” behavior. Id. at 788.

       The District Court acknowledged the evidence showing that Wellman found her

workplace to be hostile. However, it concluded that her unsupported allegations alone

did not establish a hostile work environment claim based on gender. Furthermore, the

court properly held that, even if true, Graves‟ alleged conduct does not constitute
                                             7
harassment pervasive enough to “alter the condition of [her] employment and create an

abusive working environment.” Harris v. Forklift Sys., Inc., 510 U.S. 17, 21 (1993). She

alleged sporadic incidences over six months; she did not allege or establish a pattern of

conduct and the alleged conduct was not consistently related to her gender. The District

Court thus correctly concluded that summary judgment was warranted on Wellman‟s

hostile work environment claim.

              3. ADA

       Finally, Wellman claims that she was discriminated against in violation of the

Americans with Disability Act (“ADA”). To bring a claim under the ADA, Wellman

must show that she: (1) has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one

or more major life activities; (2) has a history of such an impairment; or (3) is regarded as

having such an impairment. 42 U.S.C. § 12102(1). First, Wellman‟s treating

psychologist noted that she did not have any serious mental illness or a history of such.

Second, there is no indication that her condition limits a major life activity. Finally, there

is no evidence that DDE considered Wellman as having a disability. She had been

cleared to return to work, and DDE offered her her former position. Accordingly, we

agree with the District Court‟s grant of summary judgment on Wellman‟s claim under the

ADA.

                                             IV.

       For the foregoing reasons, we will affirm the District Court‟s judgment.

Wellman‟s motion for counsel is denied.
                                              8