Court Opinion

ID: 3037625
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-10-13 22:56:51.395519+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:40:56.839738
License: Public Domain

United States Bankruptcy Appellate Panel
                               FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT

                                         ________

                                        04-6083NE
                                         ________

In re:                                        *
                                              *
Big Mac Marine, Inc.,                         *
                                              *
         Debtor.                              *
                                              *
William L. Needler,                           *
                                              *        Appeal from the United States
         Claimant-Appellant,                  *        Bankruptcy Court for the
                                              *        District of Nebraska
               v.                             *
                                              *
Charles E. Rendlen, III;                      *
                                              *
         U.S. Trustee - Appellee              *
                                              *
Pinnacle Bank,                                *
                                              *
         Creditor-Appellee.                   *

                                         ________

                                   Submitted: June 1, 2005
                                     Filed: June 20, 2005
                                          ________

Before KRESSEL, Chief Judge, DREHER, and SCHERMER, Bankruptcy Judges.
                                ________

DREHER, Bankruptcy Judge.
      This is an appeal from an order of the bankruptcy court1 denying a motion to
vacate an order which denied Debtor, Big Mac Marine, Inc.’s, application to retain
William Needler and Associates, Ltd. and William Needler (Needler) as attorney for
Debtor, and further denied Needler's application for attorney’s fees and expenses.
While the facts are somewhat complicated, and made more so by Needler's creation
of an at times unclear record, the legal issue is straightforward. The bankruptcy court
determined that Needler was disqualified from serving as attorney for Debtor because
Needler had been approved to represent the debtors in another pending Chapter 11
case in the District and it therefore denied the application for attorney’s fees and
expenses. The bankruptcy court was unquestionably correct in so holding and we
affirm.

                             PROCEDURAL HISTORY

1.    Big Mac Marine, Inc. and Its Bankruptcy Case

      Debtor was a family business engaged in selling boats and other marine
equipment at retail. When it began operations in the early 1990s it was owned by
Edward and Shirley Schmidt (the Schmidts). Its office and showroom were located
in Ogallala, Nebraska. Pinnacle Bank of Ogallala, Nebraska (the Bank) lent money to
Debtor, which the Schmidts personally guaranteed. In 2000, the Schmidts sold the
family business to their son, Greg, but they remained responsible on their personal
guarantees. The details of the arrangement for sale between the Schmidts and Greg
were not fully developed in the record. At some point, however, the Schmidts claimed
to have taken back the stock in the company and become its sole owners.

      1
       The Honorable Timothy J. Mahoney, United States Bankruptcy Judge for
the District of Nebraska.

                                          2
      Debtor filed a Chapter 11 petition for bankruptcy relief on April 14, 2003.
According to the schedules filed in Debtor’s Chapter 11 case, the Schmidts were the
largest creditor in the case, holding a noncontingent, undisputed and liquidated
secured debt of $596,127.27, secured by Debtor's inventory. The schedules indicated
that this debt arose when the Schmidts “paid off” Debtor's loans to the Bank on July
19, 2002. Apparently on this date, and perhaps earlier, the Schmidts had been
required to perform on their guarantees to the Bank. As a result of this transaction,
they claimed that they became secured creditors of Debtor, but they offered no written
documentation to support that contention. In fact, Edward Schmidt testified that there
was no documentation to support their claim to a secured status. In spite of this lack
of documentation and this admission, the Schmidts persisted in claiming that they held
a security interest in most of the assets of the company. The only other secured
creditor listed in Schedule D of Debtor's bankruptcy filing was the Bank, which the
schedules listed as being owed approximately $370,000 secured by the real estate, a
pickup, and certain rental boats.

      At the same time that it filed its petition, Debtor filed a proposed Plan of
Reorganization in which it proposed to treat the claim of the Schmidts as an allowed
secured claim secured by Debtor's inventory which it stated they "owned." The Plan
noted that the payments to the Bank made by the Schmidts would be avoided in the
Schmidts' Chapter 11 case. The plan also proposed to sell the inventory free and clear
of liens and deliver the proceeds to the Schmidts. The Schmidts would be paid over
time for any deficiency. In the Plan Debtors also proposed to treat the Bank as a
creditor secured only by real estate, a pickup truck and rental boats owned by Debtor.
The Plan proposed to pay the claim of the Bank over time in two separate secured
classes at 6% and 6½% interest respectively. Unsecured creditors would receive a
10% dividend.

                                          3
2.     The Schmidts' Chapter 11 Case

     The Schmidts had their own financial problems. On July 31, 2002, about nine
months before Debtor filed, the Schmidts had filed their own Chapter 11 joint
bankruptcy petition.    In that Chapter 11 case, Needler was approved by the
bankruptcy court as debtors' counsel to represent the Schmidts in performing their
duties as Chapter 11 debtors. The Bank was the major creditor in the Schmidts'
Chapter 11 case. In the Schmidts' Chapter 11 case, the Bank asserted that it was
owed approximately $1.6 million and was secured. During the course of the Schmidts'
Chapter 11 case the Schmidts challenged the Bank's right to claim any security interest
in their property.

3.     Debtor's Attempted Retention of Needler in This Chapter 11 Case

       On April 14, 2003, Debtor filed an Application to retain Needler as counsel for
the estate pursuant to section 327 of the Bankruptcy Code. In that Application,
Debtor stated that to the best of its knowledge this representation did not create a
conflict of interest. With the Application, Needler filed a Sworn Declaration in which
he stated that he was disinterested and represented no interest adverse to the estate.
He did, however, disclose that he represented the Schmidts in their personal Chapter
11 case and that they were the 100% shareholders of Debtor. He further disclosed that
the Schmidts were creditors of Debtor, and that they became such as a result of
transfers to the Bank which occurred on March 31, 2001, and July 19, 2002. Needler
referenced the fact that the Schmidts would seek to reverse those transactions by filing
an adversary proceeding in their own case.

       Both the United States Trustee and the Bank objected to the retention of Needler
as counsel for Debtor. Both asserted that Needler was not disinterested and that he
represented interests adverse to the estate. After a hearing, the bankruptcy court
issued an order denying the application to employ Needler as counsel for the Debtor.

                                             4
In its order dated July 10, 2003, the bankruptcy court held that Needler’s
representation of the Schmidts in their own Chapter 11 disqualified him from
representing Debtor in this case. The bankruptcy court noted that the Schmidts were
Debtor's sole shareholders, the Bank was a creditor in both cases, and that, given the
circumstances, Needler could not represent both sets of debtors without having
conflicting allegiances. The resolution of the Bank’s claims would need to be
addressed in both cases and would place Needler in an inevitable conflict position.
The bankruptcy court further cited the fact that Debtor had already filed a Plan which
questionably preferred the Schmidts over other creditors. The bankruptcy court
further said that “[i]f the Schmidt adversary proceeding against Pinnacle Bank is
completed and if the Schmidts withdraw any claims they have in the Big Mac Marine
case, then it would appear that Mr. Needler would not have a conflict of interest. Until
that time, he is prohibited from representing Big Mac Marine, Inc.” Needler appealed
the July 10, 2003 order to the District Court which found that it lacked jurisdiction of
the appeal because, given the quoted language, the order was not a final one. Big Mac
Marine, Inc. v. Jensen, 305 B.R. 309 (D. Neb. 2004). Needler’s further appeal to the
Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals was dismissed when he failed to timely file his brief
or further prosecute the appeal.

      Other counsel was retained to represent the Debtor and the case went forward.
Eventually, the Schmidts withdrew their claims in the case and a Plan was filed which
treated the Schmidts as equity holders and not as creditors. The case later converted,
however, after confirmation of that plan was denied. Nevertheless, the adversary
proceeding in the Schmidts' Chapter 11 case in which they sought to challenge the
validity of the Bank's claims remained pending and is apparently ongoing.

                                           5
4.    The Order Refusing to Vacate the Order Denying the Application for Retention
      and Further Denying Fees

      On October 29, 2004, Needler filed a motion seeking to have the bankruptcy
court vacate its order of July 10, 2003, denying his application to be retained as
counsel for Debtor, and he applied for approximately $28,000 in attorneys fees and
expenses that had been incurred on Debtor's behalf prior to the July 10, 2003
disqualification order. Again the Bank and the United States Trustee objected, and
again, after a hearing on the motion and application, the bankruptcy court issued an
order dated December 17, 2004, denying Needler's motion and application. The
bankruptcy court held that Needler was disqualified to represent the Debtor because
of the conflicts of interest in representing the debtors in the two Chapter 11 cases.
The bankruptcy court rejected his argument that the conflict that existed had
evaporated when the Plan treating the Schimdts as equity holders only had been filed
and they did not object to that treatment at the confirmation hearing, and disagreed
that the order should be vacated and his employment authorized as originally
requested. Having refused to vacate the prior order, the bankruptcy court went on to
deny the application for fees and expenses because Needler had never been approved
by court order to represent Debtor.

       The appeal in this case is from this December 17, 2004 order. Appellant asserts
that the bankruptcy court incorrectly decided that he held an interest adverse to the
estate and incorrectly failed to award him his fees under Section 330(a) of the
Bankruptcy Code.2

      2
       In his brief appellant also raised a number of other issues. None of these
claims were raised before the bankruptcy court and, other than mentioning them,
Needler did not argue or provide any support in his briefs for any of them.
Accordingly, we will not address those issues. See First Bank Investors' Trust v.
Tarkio Coll., 129 F.3d 471, 476-77 (8th Cir. 1997)

                                          6
                                     DECISION

1.    Standard of Review

      We review findings of fact for clear error and legal conclusions de novo.
Waterman v. Ditto (In re Waterman), 248 B.R. 567, 570 (B.A.P. 8th Cir. 2000). We
review the decision of a bankruptcy court concerning professional employment or fees
for abuse of discretion. Walton v. LaBarge (In re Clark), 223 F. 3rd 859, 862 (8th Cir.
2000). "An abuse of discretion occurs when the reviewing court 'has a definite and
firm conviction that the lower court made a clear error of judgment or exceeded the
bounds of permissible choice in the circumstances.'" Pruss v. Pelofsky (In re Sauer),
222 B.R. 604, 608 (B.A.P. 8th Cir. 1998)(quoting United States v. Ortiz, 804 F.2d
1161, 1164 n.2 (10th Cir. 1986)).

2.    Denial of Application For Retention

      Section 327(a) provides that:
      the trustee, with the court’s approval, may employ one or more
      attorneys, accountants, appraisers, auctioneers, or other professional
      persons, that do not hold or represent an interest adverse to the estate,
      and that are disinterested persons, to represent or assist the trustee in
      carrying out the trustee’s duties under this title.

11 U.S.C. § 327(a)(2004).

      Section 327(c) provides that:
      a person is not disqualified for employment under this section solely
      because of such person’s employment by or representation of a creditor,
      unless there is objection by another creditor or the United States trustee,
      in which case the court shall disapprove such employment if there is an
      actual conflict of interest.

11 U.S.C. § 327(c)(2004).

                                            7
The burden of proof was on Needler to establish that he was both disinterested and
did not represent an interest adverse to the estate. Interwest Bus. Equip., Inc. v.
United States Trustee (In re Interwest Bus. Equip., Inc.), 23 F.3d 311, 318 (10th Cir.
1994); In re Huntco Inc., 288 B.R. 229, 232 (Bankr. E.D. Mo. 2002).

      The bankruptcy court did not abuse its discretion in finding that Appellant was
disqualified. At the time he applied to represent Debtor in this case he represented an
interest adverse to the estate. While section 327(c) cautions that the mere
representation of a creditor in a case is not per se disqualifying, in this case both the
United States Trustee and a creditor objected to the retention of Needler on the
grounds that he was concurrently representing a creditor, the Schmidts, and that there
was an actual conflict of interest. See 11 U.S.C. § 327(c)(2004). In this case, the
conflict was manifest. At the same time that he proposed to represent this Debtor in
this case he was representing the Schmidts who claimed to be the largest creditor in
the case. They claimed to be secured but their interest was admittedly undocumented.
The Schmidts were also the sole shareholders of Debtor. As their counsel in their
Chapter 11, Needler owed a duty to pursue the Schmidts' legitimate claims. But, if
employed as counsel for this Chapter 11 Debtor, he would also have an obligation to
represent all Debtor's creditors and to objectively analyze the validity of the Schmidts'
claims to secured status, or indeed to being a creditor at all. Not only was the conflict
actual, it had manifested itself when, on behalf of Debtor, Needler filed a Plan which
purported to treat the Schmidts as secured creditors even though their secured status
was highly doubtful, thus favoring them over other creditors. On the one hand,
Needler was attempting to assert the validity of the Schmidts' purported security
interest in Debtor's property, and on the other hand, as Debtor's counsel, he would
have been obligated to, or at the very least explain his failure to, object to the
Schmidts' claim to secured status. Multiple representation in these two cases was out
of the question. See, e.g. In re R & R Assoc. of Hampton, 402 F.3d 257, 266 (1st
Cir. 2005); Interwest Bus. Equip., 23 F.3d at 316; In re Wheatfield Business Park,
LLC, 286 B.R. 412, 417-18 (Bankr. C.D. Cal. 2002).

                                           8
      Needler argues that the quoted language in the bankruptcy court’s order of July
10, 2003, required the court to reconsider its prior decision not to allow the retention
and to vacate the order once the actual conflict went away. This is simply incorrect.
First, the proceeding against the Bank was still ongoing and had not been dismissed
at the time the bankruptcy court entered its order. Thus, the qualifications the court
set for dissipation of the conflict had not occurred. Second, Appellant misconstrues
what the bankruptcy court said. We do not read the quoted language to mean that if
the actual conflict dissipated in the future, the bankruptcy court would change its mind
about the existence of a conflict during the interim period.         Rather, what the
bankruptcy court was saying was that, if in the future the Schmidts ceased to be
creditors, then the conflict would cease at that point and Needler would not necessarily
be disqualified from representing Debtor in the future. The quoted language says
nothing about past representation. Indeed, that is apparently exactly how the
bankruptcy court construed its own order of July 10, 2003, when it ruled on December
17, 2004. See Apex Oil Co., Inc. v. Sparks (In re Apex Oil Co., Inc.), 406 F.3d 538,
542 (8th Cir. 2005)(citing In re Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul & Pacific R.R. Co., 6
F.3d 1184, 1194 (7th Cir. 1993))(The bankruptcy court is in the best position to
interpret its own orders.).

3.    Denial of Application For Fees and Expenses

       Section 330 of the Bankruptcy Code allows the court to award compensation
only to professionals "employed under section 327 or 1103." 11 U.S.C. 330(a)(1).
No order was ever issued authorizing Needler to be employed to represent the Debtor
under section 327 or 1103 of the Bankruptcy Code. See, e.g. In re Albrecht, 233
F.3d 1258, 1260-61 (10th Cir. 2000); In re Milwaukee Engraving Co., 219 F.3d 635,
637 (7th Cir. 2000). Thus, Needler was not entitled to attorneys fees or expenses
under 11 U.S.C. § 330.

                                           9
      Accordingly, we AFFIRM the bankruptcy court's order of December 17, 2004,
denying Needler's motion to vacate the order denying his application for retention
under section 327 of the Bankruptcy Code and further denying Needler's application
for allowance of fees and expenses under section 330 of the Bankruptcy Code.

                          ____________________________

                                       10