Court Opinion

ID: 9380088
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-03-17 07:02:47.023772+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:16:50.853854
License: Public Domain

Supreme Court of Florida
                             ____________

                           No. SC22-1292
                            ____________

         IN RE: AMENDMENTS TO RULES REGULATING THE
               FLORIDA BAR—MISCELLANEOUS.

                           March 16, 2023

PER CURIAM.

     Before the Court is a petition of The Florida Bar (Bar)

proposing amendments to seventeen Rules Regulating The Florida

Bar (Bar Rules) and one bylaw. We have jurisdiction. See art. V, §

15, Fla. Const.; see also R. Regulating Fla. Bar 1-12.1.

     The Bar proposes amending Bar Rules 1-3.5 (Retirement),

1-3.7 (Reinstatement to Membership), Bylaw 2-9.7 (Insurance for

Members of Board of Governors, Officers, Grievance Committee

Members, UPL Committee Members, Clients’ Security Fund

Committee Members, and Employees), 4-1.6 (Confidentiality of

Information), 4-3.8 (Special Responsibilities of a Prosecutor), 5-1.1

(Trust Accounts), 11-1.1 (Purpose), 11-1.2 (Activities), 11-1.3

(Requirements and Limitations), 11-1.4 (Certification of Student),
11-1.5 (Approval of Legal Aid Organization), 11-1.6 (Other

Activities), 11-1.7 (Supervision), 11-1.8 (Miscellaneous), 11-1.9

(Continuation of Practice Program After Completion of Law School

Program or Graduation), 11-1.10 (Certification of Members of Out-

of-State Bars), 19-1.5 (Relationship to the Supreme Court

Commission on Professionalism), and 20-5.1 (Generally).

     The Bar’s proposals were approved by the Board of Governors

of The Florida Bar, and consistent with Bar Rule 1-12.1(g), the Bar

published formal notice of the proposed amendments in The Florida

Bar News. The notice directed interested parties to file comments

directly with the Court. No comments were received. Having

considered the Bar’s petition, the Court hereby amends the Bar

Rules as proposed, except for the proposed technical amendment to

rule 5-1.1(g)(3) and the proposed amendment to rule 5-1.1(g)(5)(B)

requiring a minimum net interest rate of 25 basis points. The more

significant amendments are discussed below.

     First, rule 1-3.5 is reorganized and new subdivision (b)

(Practice of Law Prohibited) is added to explain requirements for

retired members of the Bar. Specifically, retired members must not

practice law in Florida unless reinstated to active membership in
                                 -2-
good standing or certified as an emeritus lawyer, must affirmatively

represent their retired status, and must not hold themselves out as

being able to practice law in Florida or render advice on matters of

Florida law unless certified as an emeritus lawyer. Also, new

language clarifying the requirements for retired members to be

reinstated to active membership is added to new subdivision (c)

(Reinstatement).

     Next, in rule 1-3.7, subdivision (f) (Members Delinquent 60

Days or Less) is amended to treat a failure to file a trust account

compliance certification as an administrative delinquency.

Additionally, language stating that the effective date of

reinstatement relates back to the date of delinquency is replaced

with language providing that a lawyer is not considered in violation

of the Bar Rules if an administrative delinquency is cleared within

60 days.

     In bylaw 2-9.7, “current and former” is added to clarify that

current and former officers of the Bar; members of the board of

governors, UPL, clients’ security fund, and grievance committees;

and employees of the Bar will be covered by insurance and

                                 -3-
indemnification for actions taken while acting on behalf of the Bar

in their official capacity.

     Next, in rule 4-1.6, subdivision (b)(2), regarding when a lawyer

must reveal information, is amended to make clear that confidential

information must be disclosed to prevent death or substantial

bodily harm to anyone, including a client. Additionally, a new

subdivision (c)(7) is added to rule 4-1.6 to permit a lawyer to reveal

confidential information to the extent the lawyer reasonably believes

necessary to “respond to specific allegations published via the

internet by a former client (e.g. a negative online review) that the

lawyer has engaged in criminal conduct punishable by law.”

     Also, in rule 5-1.1, subdivision (g)(1)(E) is amended to expand

the definition of an interest or dividend-bearing trust account to

include a business or consumer deposit account, and in subdivision

(g)(5)(A), language is added that requires eligible institutions to

maintain IOTA accounts that pay the highest interest rate or

dividend generally available from the institution to its non-IOTA

business or consumer account customers, or its non-maturing

deposit account customers when IOTA accounts meet or exceed the

same minimum balance qualifications. And, in subdivision (g)(5)(B),
                                  -4-
language is added requiring eligible institutions to tie interest rates

for IOTA accounts to specific indexed rate points.

     In rule 11-1.2, subdivision (f) regarding the determination of

indigency is deleted, as lawyers can look to the statutes and other

sources for guidance on indigency rather than having the Board of

Governors set the standards.

     Rule 11-1.8, which pertains to the rule chapter’s lack of effect

on the unlicensed practice of law, is deleted, and rules 11-1.9 and

11-1.10 are renumbered as 11-1.8 and 11-1.9.

     Next, rule 19-1.5 is deleted, as the Supreme Court

Commission on Professionalism and Civility was disbanded in In re

Florida Supreme Court Commission on Professionalism and Civility,

Florida Administrative Order No. AOSC19-12 (Mar. 12, 2019).

     Last, a new subdivision (h) is added to rule 20-5.1 to make

ineligible for the Florida Registered Paralegal Program persons who

have “engage[d] in conduct involving dishonesty, fraud, deceit, or

misrepresentation in the application or reapplication process,”

which will allow the Florida Registered Paralegal Compliance

Committee to deem someone unfit after a thorough investigation

has been conducted as to whether an applicant possesses the
                                 -5-
professional standard or integrity expected of a Florida Registered

Paralegal during the application or reapplication process.

     Accordingly, the Rules Regulating The Florida Bar are

amended as set forth in the appendix to this opinion. New language

is indicated by underscoring; deletions are indicated by struck-

through type. The amendments shall become effective May 15,

2023, at 12:01 a.m.

     It is so ordered.

MUÑIZ, C.J., and CANADY, POLSTON, LABARGA, COURIEL,
GROSSHANS, and FRANCIS, JJ., concur.

THE FILING OF A MOTION FOR REHEARING SHALL NOT ALTER
THE EFFECTIVE DATE OF THESE AMENDMENTS.

Original Proceeding – Florida Rules Regulating The Florida Bar

Joshua E. Doyle, Executive Director, Gary S. Lesser, President,
F. Scott Westheimer, President-elect, and Elizabeth Clark Tarbert,
Division Director, Lawyer Regulation, The Florida Bar, Tallahassee,
Florida,

     for Petitioner

                                -6-
                            APPENDIX

RULE 1-3.5 RETIREMENT

   (a) Eligibility. Any member of The Florida Bar may retire from
The Florida Bar upon petition or other written request to, and
approval of, the executive director.

   (b) Practice of Law Prohibited.

      (1) A retired member shallmust not practice law in this state
   except upon petition for reinstatementunless reinstated to active
   membership in good standing by the executive director or unless
   certified as an emeritus lawyer under chapter 12 of these rules,
   but only for those activities permitted under chapter 12 of these
   rules, and approval of, the executive director; the payment of all
   membership fees, costs, or other amounts owed to The Florida
   Bar; and the completion of all outstanding continuing legal
   education or basic skills course requirements.

       (2) Retired members must affirmatively represent their retired
   status when any statement of Florida Bar membership is made,
   e.g., when in writing, Esquire (Ret.) or Member, Florida Bar
   (Ret.).

      (3) Retired members must not hold themselves out as being
   able to practice law in Florida or render advice on matters of
   Florida law unless certified as an emeritus lawyer under chapter
   12 of these rules.

   (c) Reinstatement. To be reinstated to active membership in
good standing, a retired member must:

      (1) complete the reinstatement application;

     (2) pay all membership fees, costs, or other amounts owed to
   The Florida Bar;

      (3) complete all outstanding continuing legal education or
   basic skills course requirements as stated elsewhere in these
   rules; and

                                -7-
         (4) be approved for reinstatement by the executive director.

    (d) Permanent Retirement. A member who seeks and is
approved to permanently retire shallis not be eligible for
reinstatement or readmission. A retired member shall beis entitled
to receive such other privileges as the board of governors may
authorizes.

    (e) Discipline. A retired member shall remains subject to
disciplinary action for acts committed before the effective date of
retirement. Acts committed after retirement may be considered in
evaluating the member’s fitness to resumefor reinstatement to the
practice of law in Florida as elsewhere stated in these Rules
Regulating The Florida Barrules.

    (f) Referral to Board of Governors. If the executive director is
in doubt as to disposition of a petition, the executive director may
refer the petition to the board of governors for its action.

   (g) Review of Disposition. Action of the executive director or
board of governors denying a petition for retirement or
reinstatement from retirement may be reviewed upon petition to the
Supreme Court of Florida.

RULE 1-3.7 REINSTATEMENT TO MEMBERSHIP

   (a)-(e)        [No change]

   (f) Members Delinquent 60 Days or Less. ReinstatementAny
member reinstated from delinquency for payment of membership
fees, trust account compliance certification, or completion of
continuing legal education or basic skills course requirements
approved within 60 days from the date of delinquency is effective on
the last business day before the delinquency. Any member
reinstated within the 60-day period is not considered in violation of
these rules and is not subject to disciplinary sanction for practicing
law in Florida during that time.

   (g)       [No change]

                                   -8-
BYLAW 2-9.7 INSURANCE FOR MEMBERS OF BOARD OF
GOVERNORS, OFFICERS, GRIEVANCE COMMITTEE MEMBERS,
UPL COMMITTEE MEMBERS, CLIENTS’ SECURITY FUND
COMMITTEE MEMBERS, AND EMPLOYEES

   The bar will provide insurance coverage for current and former
members of the board of governors, officers of The Florida Bar,
members of UPL, clients’ security fund, and grievance committees,
and employees of The Florida Bar as authorized by the budget
committee and included in the budget. The bar will indemnify
current and former officers, board of governors, UPL, clients’
security fund, and grievance committee members and bar
employees as provided in the standing board policies.

RULE 4-1.6 CONFIDENTIALITY OF INFORMATION

   (a) Consent Required to Reveal Information. A lawyer must
not reveal information relating to a client’s representation of a client
except as stated in subdivisions (b), (c), and (d), unless the client
gives informed consent.

   (b) When Lawyer Must Reveal Information. A lawyer must
reveal confidential information to the extent the lawyer reasonably
believes necessary to:

      (1) to prevent a client from committing a crime; or

      (2) to prevent a death or substantial bodily harm to another.

   (c) When Lawyer May Reveal Information. A lawyer may
reveal confidential information to the extent the lawyer reasonably
believes necessary to:

       (1) to serve the client’s interest unless it is information the
   client specifically requires not to be disclosed;

      (2) to establish a claim or defense on the lawyer’s behalf of
   the lawyer in a controversy between the lawyer and client;

      (3) to establish a defense to a criminal charge or civil claim
   against the lawyer based on conduct in which the client was
   involved;
                                  -9-
      (4) to respond to allegations in any proceeding concerning
   the lawyer’s representation of the client;

      (5) to comply with the Rules Regulating The Florida Bar; or

       (6) to detect and resolve conflicts of interest between lawyers
   in different firms arising from the lawyer’s change of employment
   or from changes in the composition or ownership of a firm, but
   only if the revealed information would not compromise the
   attorney-client privilege or otherwise prejudice the client; or

      (7) respond to specific allegations published via the internet
   by a former client (e.g. a negative online review) that the lawyer
   has engaged in criminal conduct punishable by law.

   (d) [No change]

    (e) Inadvertent Disclosure of Information. A lawyer must
make reasonable efforts to prevent the inadvertent or unauthorized
disclosure of, or unauthorized access to, information relating to the
client’s representation of a client.

   (f) [No change]

                              Comment

                             [No change]
Authorized disclosure
[No change]
Disclosure adverse to client
[No change]
Withdrawal
[No change]
Dispute concerning lawyer’s conduct

   A lawyer’s confidentiality obligations do not preclude a lawyer
from securing confidential legal advice about the lawyer’s personal
responsibility to comply with these rules. In most situations,
disclosing information to secure this advice will be impliedly
authorized for the lawyer to carry out the representation. Even
when the disclosure is not impliedly authorized, subdivision (c)(5)

                                - 10 -
permits this disclosure because of the importance of a lawyer’s
compliance with the Rules of Professional Conduct.

    Where a legal claim or disciplinary charge alleges complicity of
the lawyer in a client’s conduct or other misconduct of the lawyer
involving representation of the client, the lawyer may respond to the
extent the lawyer reasonably believes necessary to establish a
defense. The same is true with respect to a claim involving the
conduct or representation of a former client. The lawyer’s right to
respond arises when an assertion of complicity has been made.
Subdivision (c) does not require the lawyer to await the
commencement of an action or proceeding that charges complicity,
so that the defense may be established by responding directly to a
third party who has made the assertion. The right to defend, of
course, applies where a proceeding has been commenced. Where
practicable and not prejudicial to the lawyer’s ability to establish
the defense, the lawyer should advise the client of the third party’s
assertion and request that the client respond appropriately. In any
event, disclosure should be no greater than the lawyer reasonably
believes is necessary to vindicate innocence, the disclosure should
be made in a manner that limits access to the information to the
tribunal or other persons having a need to know it, and appropriate
protective orders or other arrangements should be sought by the
lawyer to the fullest extent practicable.

    If the lawyer is charged with wrongdoing in which the client’s
conduct is implicated, the rule of confidentiality should not prevent
the lawyer from defending against the charge. A charge can arise in
a civil, criminal, or professional disciplinary proceeding and can be
based on a wrong allegedly committed by the lawyer against the
client or on a wrong alleged by a third person; for example, a person
claiming to have been defrauded by the lawyer and client acting
together. A lawyer entitled to a fee is permitted by subdivision (c) to
prove the services rendered in an action to collect it. This aspect of
the rule expresses the principle that the beneficiary of a fiduciary
relationship may not exploit it to the detriment of the fiduciary. As
stated above, the lawyer must make every effort practicable to avoid
unnecessary disclosure of information relating to a representation,
to limit disclosure to those having the need to know it, and to

                                - 11 -
obtain protective orders or make other arrangements minimizing
the risk of disclosure.

   Subdivision (c)(7) allows a lawyer to respond to specific
allegations published via the internet by a former client (e.g. a
negative online review) that the lawyer has engaged in criminal
conduct punishable by law. However, under subdivision (f), even
when the lawyer is operating within the scope of the (c)(7) exception,
disclosure must be no greater than the lawyer reasonably believes
necessary to refute the specific allegations.

Disclosures otherwise required or authorized
[No change]
Detection of Conflicts of Interest
[No change]
Acting Competently to Preserve Confidentiality
[No change]
Former client
[No change]

RULE 4-3.8 SPECIAL RESPONSIBILITIES OF A PROSECUTOR

   The prosecutor in a criminal case shallmust:

   (a) [No change]

    (b) not seek to obtain from an unrepresented accused a waiver
of important pre-trial rights such as a right to a preliminary
hearing; and

   (c) [No change]

                             Comment

    A prosecutor has the responsibility of a minister of justice and
not simply that of an advocate. This responsibility carries with it
specific obligations such as making a reasonable effort to assure
that the accused has been advised of the right to and the procedure
for obtaining counsel and has been given a reasonable opportunity
to obtain counsel so that guilt is decided upon the basis of
sufficient evidence. Precisely how far the prosecutor is required to
                                - 12 -
go in this direction is a matter of debate. Florida has adopted the
American Bar Association Standards of Criminal Justice Relating to
Prosecution Function. This is the product of prolonged and careful
deliberation by lawyers experienced in criminal prosecution and
defense and should be consulted for further guidance. See also rule
4-3.3(d) governing ex parte proceedings, among which grand jury
proceedings are included. Applicable law may require other
measures by the prosecutor and knowing disregard of these
obligations or systematic abuse of prosecutorial discretion could
constitute a violation of rule 4-8.4.

   Subdivision (b) does not apply to an accused appearing pro se
with the approval of the tribunal, nor does it forbid the lawful
questioning of a suspect who has knowingly waived the rights to
counsel and silence.

   The exception in subdivision (c) recognizes that a prosecutor
may seek an appropriate protective order from the tribunal if
disclosure of information to the defense could result in substantial
harm to an individual or to the public interest.

RULE 5-1.1 TRUST ACCOUNTS

   (a)-(f)    [No change]

   (g) Interest on Trust Accounts (IOTA) Program.

       (1) Definitions. As used in this rule, the term:

             (A)-(D)   [No change]

          (E) “Interest or dividend-bearing trust account” means a
       federally insured checking account, business or consumer
       deposit account or sub account, business or consumer
       deposit account or sub account that does not have a maturity
       date (non-maturing deposit), or investment product,
       including a daily financial institution repurchase agreement
       or a money market fund. A daily financial institution
       repurchase agreement must be fully collateralized by, and an
       open-end money market fund must consist solely of, United
       States Government Securities. A daily financial institution

                                 - 13 -
   repurchase agreement may be established only with an
   eligible institution that is deemed to be “well capitalized” or
   “adequately capitalized” as defined by applicable federal
   statutes and regulations. An open-end money market fund
   must hold itself out as a money market fund as defined by
   applicable federal statutes and regulations under the
   Investment Company Act of 1940 and have total assets of at
   least $250 million. The funds covered by this rule are subject
   to withdrawal on request and without delay.

      (F)-(J)     [No change]

    (2) Required Participation. All nominal or short-term funds
belonging to clients or third persons that are placed in trust with
any member of The Florida Bar practicing law from an office or
other business location within the state of Florida must be
deposited into one or more IOTA accounts, unless the funds may
earn income for the client or third person in excess of the costs
incurred to secure the income, except as provided elsewhere in
this chapter. Only trust funds that are nominal or short term
must be deposited into an IOTA account. The Florida barBar
member must certify annually, in writing, that the bar member
is in compliance with, or is exempt from, the provisions of this
rule.

   (3) Determination of Nominal or Short-Term Funds. The
lawyer must exercise good faith judgment in determining on
receipt whether the funds of a client or third person are nominal
or short term. In the exercise of this good faith judgment, the
lawyer must consider such factors as the:

      (A)-(D)     [No change]

      (E) minimum balance requirements and/or service
   charges or fees imposed by the eligible institution.

       The determination of whether a client’s or third person’s
   funds are nominal or short term rests in the sound judgment
   of the lawyer or law firm. No lawyer will be charged with
   ethical impropriety or other breach of professional conduct
   based on the exercise of the lawyer’s good faith judgment.
                             - 14 -
   (4)          [No change]

    (5) Eligible Institution Participation in IOTA. Participation in
the IOTA program is voluntary for banks, credit unions, savings
and loan associations, and investment companies. Institutions
that choose to offer and maintain IOTA accounts must meet the
following requirements:

      (A) Interest Rates and Dividends. Eligible institutions
   must maintain IOTA accounts whichthat pay the highest
   interest rate or dividend generally available from the
   institution to its non-IOTA business or consumer account
   customers, or its non-maturing deposit account customers
   when IOTA accounts meet or exceed the same minimum
   balance or other account eligibility qualifications, if any.

       (B) Determination of Interest Rates and Dividends. In
   determining the highest interest rate or dividend generally
   available from the institution to its non-IOTA accounts in
   compliance with subdivision (5)(A), above, eligible institutions
   may consider factors, in addition to the IOTA account
   balance, customarily considered by the institution when
   setting interest rates or dividends for its customers, provided
   that these factors do not discriminate between IOTA accounts
   and accounts of non-IOTA customers, and that these factors
   do not include that the account is an IOTA account. When
   the Wall Street Journal Prime Rate (“indexed rate”) is between
   325 and 499 basis points (3.25% and 4.99%), the minimum
   interest rate paid net of all fees and service charges (“yield”)
   must be no less than 300 basis points (3.00%) below the
   indexed rate in effect on the first business day of each month.
   When the indexed rate is 500 basis points (5.00%) or above,
   the yield must be no less than 40% of the indexed rate in
   effect on the first business day of each month.

          (C)   [No change]

   (6)-(7)      [No change]

(h)-(k)         [No change]

                              - 15 -
                             Comment
                             [No change]

Foundation Provision of Training and Technology; Grantees’
Funds from Non-IOTA Sources
[No change]

RULE 11-1.1 PURPOSE

   The bench and the bar are primarily responsible for providing
competent legal services for all persons, including those unable to
pay for these services. As one means of providing assistance to
lawyers who represent clients unable to pay for suchlegal services
and to encourage law schools to provide clinical instruction in trial
work of varying kinds, the following rules are adopted.

RULE 11-1.2 ACTIVITIES

   (a)    [No change]

    (b) Appearance in Court or Administrative Proceedings. An
eligible law student may appear in any court or before any
administrative tribunal in this state on behalf of any indigent
person if the person on whose behalf the student is appearing has
indicated in writing consented in writing to that appearance and the
supervising lawyer has also indicated in writing approval
ofapproved that appearance in writing. In those cases in which the
indigent person has a right to appointed counsel, the supervising
attorney shalllawyer must be personally present at all critical stages
of the proceeding. In all cases, the supervising attorney shalllawyer
must be personally present when required by the court or
administrative tribunal, whowhich shall determines the extent of
the eligible law student’s participation in the proceeding.

    (c) Appearance for the State in Criminal Proceedings. An
eligible law student may also appear in any criminal matter on
behalf of the state with the written approval of the state attorney or
the attorney general and of the supervising lawyer. In such cases
theThe supervising attorney shalllawyer must be personally present

                                - 16 -
when required by the court, whowhich shall determines the extent
of the law student’s participation in the proceeding.

   (d) Appearance on Behalf of Governmental Officers or
Entities. An eligible law student may also appear in any court or
before any administrative tribunal in any civil matter on behalf of
the state, state officers, or state agencies, or on behalf of a
municipality or county, provided that the municipality or county
has a full-time legal staff, with the written approval of the
attorneylawyer representing the state, state officer, state agency,
municipality, or county. The attorneylawyer representing the state,
state officer, state agency, municipality, or county shallmust
supervise the law student and shall be personally present when
required by the court or administrative tribunal, which shall
determines the extent of the law student’s participation in the
proceeding.

    (e) Filing of Consent and Approval. In each case, the written
consent and approval referred to above shallmust be filed in the
record of the case and shall be brought to the attention of the judge
of the court or the presiding officer of the administrative tribunal. If
the client is the state attorney, state officer, or governmental entity,
it shall be sufficient to filefiling the written consent and approval
with the clerk and each presiding judge once for the term of the
student’s participation is sufficient.

   (f) Fixing of Standards of Indigence. The board of governors
shall fix the standards by which indigence is determined under this
chapter upon the recommendation of the largest voluntary bar
association located in the circuit in which a program is
implemented hereunder.

RULE 11-1.3 REQUIREMENTS AND LIMITATIONS

   In order to make an appearance pursuant tounder this chapter,
the law student must:

    (a) have registered with the Florida Board of Bar Examiners as a
certified legal intern registrant; have paidpay thea $75 registration
fee for such registration if the registration is completedfiled within
the first 250 days of the registrant’s law school education or $150 if
                                   - 17 -
the registration is filed after the 250-day deadline (any fee paid
under this subdivision will be deducted from the applicable
application fee if the certified legal intern registrant later applies for
admission to The Florida Bar); and have receivedreceives a letter of
clearance as to character and fitness from the Florida Board of Bar
Examiners; any fee paid under this subdivision shall be deducted
from the applicable application fee should the certified legal intern
registrant subsequently decide to apply for admission to The Florida
Bar;

   (b) be duly enrolled in the United States in, and appearing as
part of a law school practice program of, a law school approved by
the American Bar Association;

   (c) have completed legal studies amounting to at least 4
semesters or 6 quarters for which the student has received not less
than 48 semester hours or 72 quarter hours of academic credit or
the equivalent if the school is on some other basis;

   (d) [No change]

   (e) be introduced to the court in which the student is appearing
by an attorneya lawyer admitted to practice in that court;

    (f) neither ask for nor receive any compensation or
remuneration of any kind for the student’s services from the person
on whose behalf the student renders services, but this shall;
although this does not prevent a state attorney, public defender,
legal aid organization, or state officer, or governmental entity from
paying compensation to the eligible law student (nor shalldoes it
prevent any of the foregoingthem from making such chargecharging
for its services as itthey may otherwise require); and

   (g) certify in writing that the law student has read and is
familiar withwill abide by the Rules of Professional Conduct as
adopted by this court and will abide by the provisions thereofthe
Supreme Court of Florida.

                                  - 18 -
RULE 11-1.4 CERTIFICATION OF STUDENT

   The certification of a student by the law school dean or the
dean’s designee:

   (a) Shallmust be filed with the clerk of this courtthe Supreme
Court of Florida, andwhere, unless it is sooner withdrawn, it shall
remains in effect until the expiration offor 18 months after it is filed
unless withdrawn sooner.;

   (b) Maymay be withdrawn by the dean, or the dean’s designee,
at any time by mailing a notice, that does not need to include the
cause for withdrawal, to that effect to the clerk of this courtthe
Supreme Court of Florida. It is not necessary that the notice state
the cause for withdrawal.;

   (c) Maymay be terminated by this courtthe Supreme Court of
Florida at any time without notice or hearing and without any
showing of cause. Notice of the termination may be filed with the
clerk of the court.

RULE 11-1.5 APPROVAL OF LEGAL AID ORGANIZATION

   Legal aid organizations that provide a majority of their legal
services to the indigent and use law student interns pursuant
tounder this chapter must be approved by the supreme
courtSupreme Court of Florida. A legal aid organization seeking
approval shallmust file a petition with the clerk of the court
certifying that it is a nonprofit organization and recitingstating with
specificity the:

   (a) the structure of the organization and whether it accepts
funds from its clients;

   (b) the major sources of funds used by the organization;

   (c) the criteria used to determine potential clients’ eligibility for
legal services performed by the organization;

   (d) the types of legal and nonlegal services performed by the
organization; and

                                 - 19 -
   (e) the names of all Florida Bar members of The Florida Bar who
are employed by the organization or who regularly perform legal
work for the organization.

   Legal aid organizations approved on the effective date ofunder
this chapter need not reapply for approval, but all such
organizations are under a continuing duty to notify the court
promptly of any significant modification to their structure or
sources of funds.

RULE 11-1.6 OTHER ACTIVITIES

   (a) Preparation of Documents; Assistance of Indigents. In
addition, anAn eligible law student may engage in other activities,
under the general supervision of a member of the bar of this
courtThe Florida Bar, but outside the personal presence of that
lawyer, including preparation of:

      (1) preparation of pleadings and other documents to be filed
   in any matter in which the student is eligible to appear, but
   such pleadings or documents must be signed by the supervising
   lawyer;

      (2) preparation of briefs, abstracts, and other documents to
   be filed in appellate courts of this state, but such documents
   must be signed by the supervising lawyer;

       (3) except when the assignment of counsel in the matter is
   required by any constitutional provision, statute, or rule of this
   court, assistanceapplications and supporting documents for
   post-conviction relief to indigent inmates orof correctional
   institutions or other persons who request such assistance in
   preparing applications for and supporting documents for
   postconviction relief, except when the assignment of counsel in
   the matter is required by any constitutional provision, statute, or
   rule of this court. If there is an attorneya lawyer of record in the
   matter, all such assistance must be supervised by the attorney
   of record, and all documents submitted to the court must be
   signed by, that lawyer and all documents submitted to the court
   on behalf of such a client must be signed by the attorney of
   record.
                                  - 20 -
   (b)-(c)      [No change]

RULE 11-1.7 SUPERVISION

   The member of the bar under whose supervision an eligible law
student does any of the things permitted byA supervising lawyer
under this chapter must:

    (a) be a lawyermember of The Florida Bar in good standing and
eligible to practice law in Florida whose service as a supervising
lawyer for this program is approved by the dean of the law school in
which the law student is enrolled and who is a member of The
Florida Bar in good standing and eligible to practice law in Florida;

   (b) be a lawyer employed by a state attorney, public defender,
an approved legal aid organization, a state officer, or a
governmental entity enumerated in rule 11-1.2(d);

   (c)-(d)      [No change]

RULE 11-1.8 MISCELLANEOUS

   Nothing contained in this chapter shall affect the right of any
person who is not admitted to the practice of law to do anything
that the person might lawfully do prior to the adoption of this
chapter.

RULE 11-1.98 CONTINUATION OF PRACTICE PROGRAM AFTER
COMPLETION OF LAW SCHOOL PROGRAM OR GRADUATION

    (a) Certification. A law student at an American Bar
Association-approved Florida law school who has filed an
application for admission to The Florida Bar, has received an initial
clearance letter as to character and fitness from the Florida Board
of Bar Examiners, has completed a law school practice program
awarding a minimum of 3 semester credit hours or the equivalent
or requiring at least 200 hours of actual participation in the
program, and has had certification withdrawn by the law school
dean by reason of successful completion of the program or has
graduated from law school following successful completion of the
program may make appearances for any of the same supervisory

                                - 21 -
authorities under the same circumstances and restrictions that
were applicable to students in law school programs pursuant
tounder this chapter if the supervising attorneylawyer:

      (1) files a certification in the same manner and subject to the
   same limitations as that required to be filed by the law school
   dean; and files a separate certificate of the dean stating that the
   law student has successfully completed the law school practice
   program. This certification may be withdrawn in the same
   manner as provided for the law school dean’s withdrawal of
   certification. The maximum term of certification for graduates
   shall be 12 months from graduation; and.

      (2) further certifies that the attorney willlawyer assumes the
   duties and responsibilities of thea supervising attorneylawyer as
   provided by other provisions ofunder this chapter.; and

      (3) files a separate certificate of the dean stating that the law
   student has successfully completed the law school practice
   program. This certification may be withdrawn in the same
   manner as provided for the law school dean’s withdrawal of
   certification. The maximum term of certification for graduates
   shall be 12 months from graduation; and.

    (b) Graduates of Non-Florida Law Schools. A graduate of an
American Bar Association-approved non-Florida law school may
qualify for continuation in the practice program if the graduate has
made applicationfiled an application for admission to The Florida
Bar, and received a letter of initial clearance as to character and
fitness from the Florida Board of Bar Examiners, and has
successfully completed a clinical program in law school that met
the definition of a law school practice program under rule 11-1.2(a)
and that awarded a minimum of 3 semester hours or the equivalent
or required at least 200 hours of actual participation in the
program.

    (c) Term of Certification. The maximum term of certification
for graduates is 12 months from the date of graduation.

                                 - 22 -
   (cd) Termination of Certification. Failure of a post-graduate
certified legal intern to do any of the following shall result in the
automatic termination of certification:

      (1) failure to take the next available Florida bar examination;

      (2) failure to take the second available Florida bar
   examination, if unsuccessful on the first administration;

      (3) failure to pass every portion of the Florida bar
   examination by at least the second administration, if
   unsuccessful on the first administration; or

      (4) denial of admission to The Florida Bar.Failure to take the
   next available Florida bar examination, failure of any portion of
   the Florida bar examination on the second administration if a
   second administration is required, or denial of admission to The
   Florida Bar terminates certification under this rule.

    (e) Withdrawal of Certification. Certification may be
withdrawn in the same manner as the law school dean’s withdrawal
of certification.

RULE 11-1.109 CERTIFICATION OF MEMBERS OF OUT-OF-
STATE BARS

    (a) Persons Authorized to Appear. A member of an out-of-
state bar may practice law in Florida pursuant tounder this chapter
if the member of the out-of-state bar:

       (1) the appearance is made asis an employee of the attorney
   general, a state attorney, a public defender, or the capital
   collateral representative; and

      (2) the member of an out-of-state bar has made
   applicationhas applied for admission to The Florida Bar; and

      (3) the member of an out-of-state bar submits to the
   jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of Florida for disciplinary
   purposes; and

                                - 23 -
       (4) the member of an out-of-state bar is in good standing
   with that bar, is eligible to practice law in that jurisdiction, and
   is not currently the subject of disciplinary proceedings.

   (b) Term of Certification. The maximum term of certification
under this section is 12 months from the date of certification;
provided, however, that the certification may extendbut may be
extended beyond 12 months if the certificate holder has passed the
Florida bar examination and is awaiting the results of the character
and fitness evaluation of the Florida Board of Bar Examiners.
Certification may be withdrawn in the same manner as provided for
the withdrawal of certification by a law school dean.

   (c)    [No change]

    (d) Withdrawal of Certification. Certification may be
withdrawn in the same manner as the law school dean’s withdrawal
of certification.

RULE 19-1.5 RELATIONSHIP TO THE SUPREME COURT
COMMISSION ON PROFESSIONALISM

   The commission on professionalism has been established by
administrative order of the Supreme Court of Florida and has been
charged with the planning and implementation of an ongoing plan
and policy to ensure that the fundamental ideals and values of the
justice system and the legal profession are inculcated in all of those
persons serving or seeking to serve in the system.

   The center shall endeavor to assist the commission in this
regard consistent with the center’s funding, staffing, operational,
and reporting structure.

RULE 20-5.1 GENERALLY

   The following individuals areA person is ineligible for registration
as a Florida Registered Paralegal or for renewal of a registration that
was previously granted to become a Florida Registered Paralegal if
that person:

                                 - 24 -
    (a) a person who is currently suspended or disbarred or who
has resigned or been revoked in lieu of discipline from the practice
of law in any state or jurisdiction;

   (b) a person who has been convicted of a felony in any state or
jurisdiction and whosehas not had the person’s civil rights have not
been restored;

   (c) a person who has been found to have engaged in the
unlicensed (or unauthorized) practice of law in any state or
jurisdiction within 7 years of the application date;

   (d) a person whosehas had that person’s registration or license
to practice has been terminated or revoked for disciplinary reasons
by a professional organization, court, disciplinary board, or agency
in any jurisdiction;

  (e) a person who is no longer primarily performing paralegal
work as defined elsewhere in these rules;

   (f) a person who fails to comply with prescribed continuing
education requirements as set forth elsewhere in this chapter; or

   (g) a person who is providing services directly to the public as
permitted by case law and subchapter 10-2 of these rules.; or

   (h) engages in conduct involving dishonesty, fraud, deceit, or
misrepresentation in the application or reapplication process.

                                - 25 -