Court Opinion

ID: 2809174
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-06-17 12:06:27.232841+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:50:21.222990
License: Public Domain

STATE OF MICHIGAN

                            COURT OF APPEALS

PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF MICHIGAN,                                     UNPUBLISHED
                                                                     June 16, 2015
               Plaintiff-Appellee,

v                                                                    No. 320324
                                                                     Wayne Circuit Court
MICHAEL D. KING,                                                     LC No. 13-006780-FH

               Defendant-Appellant.

Before: JANSEN, P.J., and SAWYER and FORT HOOD, JJ.

PER CURIAM.

        Defendant appeals as of right his jury trial convictions of possession with intent to deliver
less than five kilograms of marijuana, MCL 333.7401(2)(d)(iii), and possession of a firearm
during the commission of a felony (felony-firearm), MCL 750.227b. Defendant was sentenced
to two years’ imprisonment for the felony-firearm conviction, and five years’ probation for the
possession with intent to deliver less than five kilograms of marijuana conviction. We affirm.

        This case arises from the execution of a search warrant at defendant’s residence. After
receiving an anonymous tip, Detroit police officers arranged a controlled drug buy at defendant’s
home using a confidential informant. The informant bought marijuana in the home and provided
police with a physical description of the man who sold it to him. Defendant was not at home
when police officers executed the warrant, though his fiancée was. Police officers found
marijuana and several firearms in a room occupied by defendant’s infant son. They also seized a
digital scale and numerous unused Ziploc bags from defendant’s basement, where he operated a
licensed barbershop.

       Defendant first argues that there was insufficient evidence to support his convictions. We
disagree.

        This Court reviews de novo a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence in a jury trial,
viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution to determine whether the trier
of fact could have found that the prosecution proved beyond a reasonable doubt the essential
elements of the crime. People v Gaines, 306 Mich. App. 289, 296; 856 NW2d 222 (2014).
Moreover, this Court will not interfere with the fact-finder’s role of determining the weight of
evidence or the credibility of witnesses. People v Eisen, 296 Mich. App. 326, 331; 820 NW2d
229 (2012).

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        In order to prove possession with intent to deliver less than 5 kilograms of marijuana, the
prosecution must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that “(1) defendant knowingly possessed a
controlled substance, (2) defendant intended to deliver the controlled substance to someone else,
(3) the substance possessed was marijuana and defendant was aware that it was, and (4) the
marijuana was in a mixture that weighed less than five kilograms.” People v Williams, 268 Mich
App 416, 419-420; 707 NW2d 624 (2005).

        On appeal, defendant asserts that the prosecution did not prove that he possessed a
controlled substance. Proof of constructive possession is sufficient to satisfy the element of
possession, and the prosecution need not prove actual physical possession. People v Flick, 487
Mich. 1, 14; 790 NW2d 295 (2010). Constructive possession exists when the totality of the
circumstances indicates “a sufficient nexus between the defendant and the contraband, including
whether the defendant exercised a dominion and control over the substance.” People v Bylsma,
493 Mich. 17, 32; 825 NW2d 543 (2012) (citation and internal quotation marks omitted).
“Moreover, possession may be joint, with more than one person actually or constructively
possessing a controlled substance.” Id. at 31 (citation omitted). A trier of fact may equally find
possession where the defendant is not the actual owner of the drugs. Id.

        Here, while the prosecution did not prove that defendant actually physically possessed
the marijuana, there was ample evidence to show constructive possession. Police officers found
the confiscated drugs in a mason jar, which was in a bedroom in defendant’s house. The drugs
were in the same room as defendant’s infant son and defendant’s guns. A digital scale was
recovered from defendant’s barbershop in the basement of his home; the scale had marijuana
residue on it. Defendant testified that only he and his children lived at the house, and that only
one or two people could come in and out of his house without his permission. On cross-
examination, defendant testified that he “just [doesn’t] let anybody come in and out of [his]
house,” that he “know[s] exactly who comes in and out of [his] house” and barbershop, and that
he controls what happens in his house. Further, defendant’s physical description matched the
description of the individual who sold marijuana to the confidential informant two days before
the police officers executed the warrant. Based on this evidence, the jury could reasonably find
that defendant constructively possessed the marijuana. In addition, defendant’s testimony that
the marijuana belonged to his father did not preclude a finding of possession because the
prosecution did not need to prove that defendant owned the marijuana. See id. Moreover,
defendant and his father could have possessed the drugs jointly. See id.

        Defendant was also convicted of felony-firearm. “The elements of felony-firearm are
that the defendant possessed a firearm during the commission of, or the attempt to commit, a
felony.” People v Johnson, 293 Mich. App. 79, 82-83; 808 NW2d 815 (2011) (citation omitted).
In a firearms context, the prosecution need only show “proximity to the article together with
indicia of control” to prove constructive possession. Flick, 487 Mich. at 14 (citation omitted).
To prove that a defendant possessed a firearm while possessing a controlled substance, the
prosecution must show the weapon’s “proximity and reasonable accessibility” to the defendant
on the date of offense. People v Burgenmeyer, 461 Mich. 431, 437, 439; 606 NW2d 645 (2000).

       The evidence in this case supports a finding that defendant constructively possessed the
firearms. The guns were in defendant’s bedroom with his infant child, and they were in plain
view within three feet of the bed. Defendant testified that he owned the guns, and the Michigan

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State Police Automated Pistol Registration System indicated that the pistols had been registered
in his name since 2009. Defendant also had a receipt for the assault rifle that showed its original
purchase date as September 18, 2003. These records, combined with the location of the guns in
the bedroom, indicate that defendant had both control of the weapons and proximity to them.
Therefore, a rational jury could find that defendant constructively possessed the guns.

        We further reject defendant’s assertion that because he was not in the home at the time,
the evidence was insufficient to show that he possessed the firearms at the time the marijuana
was allegedly possessed. In Burgenmeyer, a search of the defendant’s bedroom revealed cocaine
in a dresser drawer and firearms on top of the dresser. The defendant was not home during the
search. Id. at 439-440. The Michigan Supreme Court held that “[t]he drugs and the weapons
were close enough that a jury reasonably could conclude that the defendant possessed both at the
same time, as the prosecutor had charged.” Id. at 440. In Burgenmeyer, the proximity and
accessibility of the drugs and weapons to the defendant was sufficient to sustain the defendant’s
felony-firearm conviction. See id. Here, as in Burgenmeyer, the drugs and the guns were found
in the same room, separated by no more than a few feet. Thus, it was reasonable for the jury to
infer that defendant possessed the guns while committing the felony of possession with intent to
deliver less than five kilograms of marijuana.

         Defendant next argues that the trial court’s questioning of the victim at trial denied him a
fair trial. We disagree. Because defendant failed to raise a claim of judicial bias in the trial
court, his claim is unpreserved. People v Jackson, 292 Mich. App. 583, 597; 808 NW2d 541
(2011). We review unpreserved claims of error for plain error affecting substantial rights. Id.

        The trial court has the right to interrogate witnesses. MRE 614(b). The court may
question witnesses to elicit additional information or clarify the witness’s testimony. People v
Davis, 216 Mich. App. 47, 49-50; 549 NW2d 1 (1996). “The principle limitation on a court’s
discretion over matters of trial conduct is that its actions not pierce the veil of judicial
impartiality.” Id. at 50. The court must ensure that its questions are not “intimidating,
argumentative, prejudicial, unfair, or partial.” Id. (citation omitted).

         Following direct and cross-examinations of defendant, the court questioned defendant
regarding his use of the digital scale found in his home. This Court has reviewed the record and
concludes that there was no impropriety in the trial court’s questioning of defendant. While it is
true that neither party asked defendant about the digital scare during defendant’s testimony, both
the prosecution and defense counsel had questioned police office Neil Gensler about the scale
earlier in the trial. It seems clear that the trial court’s questions were asked to determine what, if
anything, defendant used the scale for. We reject defendant’s assertion that the trial court
suggested that defendant owned or possessed the scale or that the scale may have been used for
illegal activities.

        Furthermore, the court instructed the jury that its comments, rulings, and questions were
not evidence, and that the jury should only consider the evidence when making its decision. The
court also stated to the jurors, “I’m not trying to influence your vote or express a personal
opinion about the case. If you believe that I have an opinion about how you should decide this
case, you must pay no attention to that opinion.” “Jurors are presumed to follow their
instructions, and instructions are presumed to cure most errors.” People v Mesik (On

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Reconsideration), 285 Mich. App. 535, 542; 775 NW2d 857 (2009) (citation omitted). Reversal is
not required “where a curative instruction could have alleviated any prejudicial effect.” People v
Bennett, 290 Mich. App. 465, 476; 802 NW2d 627 (2010). Accordingly, defendant has failed to
show that he was denied a fair trial.

       Affirmed.

                                                            /s/ Kathleen Jansen
                                                            /s/ David H. Sawyer
                                                            /s/ Karen M. Fort Hood

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