Court Opinion

ID: 3157114
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-11-23 21:06:53.339449+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T12:00:11.265292
License: Public Domain

FOURTH DIVISION
                                   BARNES, P. J.,
                               RAY and MCMILLIAN, JJ.

                      NOTICE: Motions for reconsideration must be
                      physically received in our clerk’s office within ten
                      days of the date of decision to be deemed timely filed.
                                  http://www.gaappeals.us/rules

                                                                    November 10, 2015

In the Court of Appeals of Georgia
 A15A1289. IN THE INTEREST OF M. D. H., a child.
 A15A1908. IN THE INTEREST OF M. D. H., a child.

      RAY, Judge.

      M. D. H., a juvenile, appeals from the juvenile court’s order granting his

motion to dismiss a delinquency petition filed against him. In its order, the juvenile

court dismissed the petition without prejudice. On appeal, M. D. H. contends that the

juvenile court should have dismissed the petition with prejudice because the State

failed to comply with the deadline for filing a petition alleging delinquency under

OCGA § 15-11-521 (b). Because M. D. H. raises the same issue in both Case Nos.

A15A1289 and A15A1908, we consolidate these cases on appeal. For the following

reasons, we affirm.
      On December 5, 2014, a complaint was filed against M. D. H. with the Juvenile

Court of Cherokee County. The complaint alleged that M. D. H. “sent threatening text

messages telling people he was going to bring guns to school . . . [and] threatened to

kill his friend if he told anyone about his plans.” On that same day, a detention

hearing was held, and the child was not detained. On January 6, 2015, a petition

alleging delinquency was filed in the juvenile court. On January 12, 2015, M. D. H.

filed a motion to dismiss the complaint because the petition was not filed within 30

days of the complaint, as required by OCGA § 15-11-521 (b). No request for an

extension of time was filed. After a hearing, in which the State conceded that the

petition had been filed a day late, the juvenile court dismissed the complaint without

prejudice. In Case No. A15A1289, M. D. H. appeals from the juvenile court’s

dismissal of the complaint, arguing that the dismissal should have been with prejudice

under the terms of OCGA § 15-11-521.

      Prior to the filing of the appeal in Case No. A15A1289, the State filed a second

petition on January 29, 2015, again alleging that M. D. H. committed the delinquent

act of making terroristic threats. M. D. H. then filed a motion to dismiss this

subsequent petition, which the trial court denied. The case then proceeded to trial, and

M. D. H. was adjudicated and placed on probation for reckless conduct, a lesser-

                                           2
included offense of terroristic threats. In Case No. A15A1908, M. D. H. appeals from

his adjudication and the denial of his motion for new trial, raising the same

enumeration of error.

      1. In Case No. A15A1289, the State, as appellee, contends that M. D. H.’s

appeal from the trial court’s initial dismissal of his motion to dismiss the petition

against him with prejudice is moot because the State filed a subsequent complaint and

petition alleging delinquency and the juvenile court adjudicated M. D. H. delinquent.

We disagree.

      “An appeal is moot when it seeks to determine an issue which, if resolved,

cannot have any practical effect on the underlying controversy, or when such

resolution will determine only abstract questions not arising upon existing facts or

rights.” (Footnotes omitted.) Pimper v. State ex rel. Simpson, 274 Ga. 624, 626 (555

SE2d 459) (2001). However, “[i]f an appellant . . . will benefit by reversal of a case,

his appeal is not moot.” (Citation omitted.) Johnson & Harber Constr. Co. v. Bing,

220 Ga. App. 179, 181 (1) (469 SE2d 697) (1996). Here, M. D. H.’s appeal from the

denial of his first motion to dismiss the delinquency petition against him is not moot

despite his adjudication prior to this appeal. If the trial court’s order were to be

                                          3
reversed on appeal, he would benefit from having his adjudication declared a nullity.

See OCGA § 5-6-48 (b) (3). Accordingly, we cannot find M. D. H.’s appeal moot.

      2. In both Case Nos. A15A1289 and A15A1908, M. D. H. argues that the

juvenile court erred in interpreting OCGA § 15-11-521 (b) as requiring it to dismiss

the petition without prejudice.

      It is well-settled that

      in all interpretations of statutes, the courts shall look diligently for the
      intention of the General Assembly. In so doing, the ordinary
      signification shall be applied to all words. Where the language of a
      statute is plain and susceptible to only one natural and reasonable
      construction, courts must construe the statute accordingly. In fact, where
      the language of a statute is plain and unambiguous, judicial construction
      is not only unnecessary but forbidden. . . . [Further,] . . . when we are
      interpreting a statute, we must presume that the General Assembly had
      full knowledge of the existing state of the law and enacted the statute
      with reference to it. We construe statutes in connection and in harmony
      with the existing law, and as a part of a general and uniform system of
      jurisprudence, and their meaning and effect is to be determined in
      connection. . . .with reference to other statutes and decisions of the
      courts.

(Punctuation and footnotes omitted.) Chase v. State, 285 Ga. 693, 695-696 (2) (681

SE2d 116) (2009).

                                           4
      With these principles in mind, we now turn to the language of the statute.

OCGA § 15-11-521 provides that

      (a) If a child is in detention prior to adjudication, a petition alleging
      delinquency shall be filed not later than 72 hours after the detention
      hearing. If no petition alleging delinquency is filed within the applicable
      time, such child shall be released from detention and the complaint shall
      be dismissed without prejudice. Such petition may be refiled as provided
      in subsection (b) of this Code section within the statute of limitations.

      (b) If a child is not in detention prior to adjudication, a petition alleging
      delinquency shall be filed within 30 days of the filing of the complaint
      alleging violation of a criminal law or within 30 days of such child’s
      release pursuant to a determination that detention is not warranted. Upon
      a showing of good cause and notice to all parties, the court may grant an
      extension of time for filing a petition alleging delinquency. The court
      shall issue a written order reciting the facts justifying any extension.

(Emphasis supplied.)

      As M. D. H. was not in detention prior to adjudication, subsection (b) of

OCGA § 15-11-521 applies in the present case. Under subsection (b), the State had

30 days from the filing of the complaint to file the petition alleging delinquency, but

it did not meet the deadline in this case. As “[t]here must be scrupulous adherence to

due process requirements in juvenile court proceedings[,]” In re B. A. P., 180 Ga.

                                           5
App. 433, 434 (1) (349 SE2d 218) (1986) (citation and punctuation omitted), the trial

court correctly dismissed the complaint against M. D. H.

      M. D. H. argues on appeal that, because subsection (a) specifically provides

for a dismissal without prejudice and subsection (b) does not, then the Legislature did

not intend for any dismissals under subsection (b) to be without prejudice. M. D. H.

also argues that a finding that a dismissal under subsection (b) shall be without

prejudice would render the language allowing the trial court to grant an extension to

file a petition meaningless. We disagree and find that the Legislature did not intend

for the dismissal of a complaint with prejudice for the failure to comply with the

filing deadline in OCGA § 15-11-521 (b).

      In construing a related statute in Georgia’s former Juvenile Code,1 former

OCGA § 15-11-26,2 our Supreme Court held that former OCGA § 15-11-26 (a) did

      1
       Georgia has adopted a new Juvenile Code, which became effective on January
1, 2014, and applies to juvenile proceedings commenced on or after January 1, 2014.
Ga. L. 2013, Act 127, §§ 1-1.
      2
          Former OCGA § 15-11-26 (a) provided that

      After the petition has been filed the court shall fix a time for hearing
      thereon, which, if the child is in detention, shall not be later than ten
      days after the filing of the petition. In the event the child is not in
      detention, the court shall fix a time for hearing thereon which shall not

                                          6
not constitute a speedy trial demand and, thus, violations of its provisions should not

result in dismissal of the case with prejudice. In so holding, our Supreme Court

reasoning is instructive.

      In stark contrast to OCGA §§ 17-7-170 and 17-7-171 [Georgia’s speedy
      trial statutes3], there is no explicit language in OCGA § 15-11-26 which
      mandates that the failure to comply with the statutory time limits
      provided therein will result in an adjudication of the juvenile’s
      non-delinquency by operation of law. If the legislature had intended that
      a non-compliance with [former] OCGA § 15-11-26 (a) would result in
      the automatic acquittal of a defendant in a delinquency case, it could
      have expressly provided for the comparable remedy afforded for a
      non-compliance with OCGA § 17-7-170. The legislature did not so
      provide.

(Citations and punctuation omitted.) In the Interest of R. D. F., 266 Ga. 294, 296 (3)

(466 SE2d 572) (1996) (superceded by statute in In the Interest of A. H., 332 Ga.

App. 590, 593 (2), n. 6 (774 SE2d 163) (2015)). See, e. g., Butler v. State, 207 Ga.

App. 824, 824-825 (429 SE2d 280) (1993) (After defendant’s case was not docketed

      be later than 60 days from the date of the filing of the petition.
      3
        OCGA § 17-7-170 (b) provides that “[i]f the “defendant is not tried when the
demand for speedy trial is made or at the next succeeding regular court term
thereafter, . . . the defendant shall be absolutely discharged and acquitted of the
offense charged in the indictment[.]” (Emphasis supplied.) See also OCGA § 17-7-
171 (b) (same in the context of capital cases).

                                          7
for retrial during two terms of court, he sought acquittal under OCGA § 5-5-49 based

on the State’s failure to retry him in a timely manner. This Court declined to acquit

because, unlike Georgia’s speedy trial statutes, OCGA § 5-5-49 “mandates no express

sanction for a non-compliance with its provisions” and if the legislature had intended

for non-compliance of OCGA § 5-5-49 to result in automatic acquittal, it could have

specifically stated such).

       Similarly, in OCGA § 15-11-521, the statute at issue in the present case, the

Legislature did not provide explicit language providing that a juvenile would receive

a dismissal with prejudice as a result of the State’s failure to file a timely petition for

delinquency under OCGA § 15-11-521 (b). We recognize that the Juvenile Code has

expressly stated in other sections that a complaint alleging a child is in need of

services or alleging dependency should be dismissed without prejudice if the proper

petition is not filed within the time limits prescribed by statute, see OCGA §§ 15-11-

421, 15-11-151. However, we decline to hold that the Legislature intended anything

in OCGA § 15-11-521 (b) beyond what the plain and usual meaning of the language

of the statute provides. If they intended for an untimely petition to be dismissed with

prejudice, then it is within their power to amend the statute to so provide. See Butler,

supra (this Court shall decline to hold that the Legislature intended anything beyond

                                            8
what a statute’s “language, in its fair and usual meaning, will indicate; and, if the

terms of their enactment have not embraced the object contended for, the power is

with them, by additional Act or Acts, to extend them”) (Citations and punctuation

omitted).

       Further, the Supreme Court’s opinion in In the Interest of R. D. F., supra, put

the Legislature on notice as it drafted its new juvenile code that dismissals with

prejudice would only be enforced to the extent expressly provided for by statute, but

that otherwise such a drastic remedy would not be engrafted by the appellate courts.

See Chase, supra (when interpreting a statute, this Court must presume that the

Legislature was aware of the existing state of the law at the time it enacted the statute

with reference to it).

      Based upon the above, we affirm the trial court’s dismissal of the complaint

against M. D. H. without prejudice.

      Judgment affirmed. Barnes, P. J., and McMillian, J., concur.

                                           9