Court Opinion

ID: 4457030
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2019-11-19 19:10:50.758072+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:51:17.534119
License: Public Domain

J-A24041-19

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

    COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA               :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                               :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                               :
                v.                             :
                                               :
                                               :
    KENNETH FAISON                             :
                                               :
                       Appellant               :   No. 1918 EDA 2018

          Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered May 25, 2018
     In the Court of Common Pleas of Montgomery County Criminal Division
                       at No(s): CP-46-CR-0001675-2016

BEFORE:      BENDER, P.J.E., DUBOW, J., and COLINS, J.*

MEMORANDUM BY COLINS, J.:                           FILED NOVEMBER 19, 2019

        Appellant, Kenneth Faison, appeals from the aggregate judgment of

sentence of 25 to 50 years of confinement, which was imposed after his jury

trial convictions for robbery, possession of weapon, and theft by unlawful

taking and his bench trial conviction for persons not to possess firearms.1

We affirm.

        The facts underlying this appeal are as follows:

        [On December 9, 2015, at] around 8:30 p.m., two store
        employees were working at the Circle K convenience store when
        an individual walked into the store, gestured one of the employees
        behind the counter, pulled out a gun and demanded money.
        These events were captured on videotape from the store
        surveillance cameras. (See generally N.T.-Jury Trial 12/13/16.)

____________________________________________

*   Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
1   18 Pa.C.S. §§ 3701(a)(1)(ii), 907(b), 3921(a), and 6105(a)(1), respectively.
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      The video depicted the robber putting his hand on the counter and
      taking money. (Id.) The Commonwealth presented evidence that
      the fingerprints removed from the counter, matching the robber,
      matched with Appellant on an automated fingerprint identification
      system (AFIS). (Id.) Moreover, after Appellant was taken into
      custody, the police searched his vehicle. The police discovered
      articles of clothing consistent with that worn by the robber; a scarf
      and a black short-sleeved, zip-up shirt. (Id. at 250-297.)

Trial Court Opinion (“Trial Ct. Op.”), filed February 6, 2019, at 1-2. Appellant

was arrested in March 2016. Id. at 13.

      On June 15, 2016, [Nicholas] Reifsnyder was appointed as defense
      counsel, discovery was provided and the matter was continued
      until July 14, 2016. On July 14, 2016, the matter was relisted yet
      again for August 12, 2016. Thereafter, the defense requested a
      continuance to review further discovery. Then, on September 16,
      2016, two months before trial, the defense informed the trial court
      that discovery was complete and the underlying matter was put
      on the call of the trial list.

Id.   As part of that discovery, “Appellant was provided with the still

photographs from the video surveillance and shown the video prior to trial.

The fingerprint evidence was provided in the affidavit of probable cause.” Id.

at 14 (citation to the record omitted).

      On September 19, 2016, following a pre-trial conference, an order was

entered at Appellant’s request scheduling his trial for October 19, 2016.

Pretrial Conference Order, 9/19/2016. On October 19, 2016, at Appellant’s

request, the trial was continued until December 12, 2016. Call of the Trial

List Order, 10/19/2016.

      A pretrial conference was held on December 7, 2016, during which the

Commonwealth provided Appellant with a copy of the fingerprint expert’s

curriculum vitae and slides that the expert planned to use during his

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testimony. N.T., 12/7/2016, at 13-14. The Commonwealth added that “in

[an] abundance of caution,” it was also providing Appellant with a copy of the

expert’s report, although the Commonwealth “believe[d]” that the report had

already been given to Appellant as part of discovery. Id. Appellant gave no

indication that he was receiving this report for the first time. See id.

      “With the agreement of counsel, the persons not [to] possess [firearms]

charge was bifurcated” – i.e., the trial court would conduct a bench trial on

said count after the completion of the jury trial on the other three counts.

Trial Ct. Op., filed February 6, 2019, at 2. “The charge was severed from the

case due to potential jury prejudice associated with disclosure of Appellant’s

prior record.” Id. at 9. Prior to the agreement to bifurcate, the trial court

confirmed with Appellant that he knew that he had the right to a jury trial on

the persons not to possess firearms charge. N.T., 12/12/2016, at 17.

      “During the jury trial, [Appellant] represented himself          pro se.

Nicholas Reifsnyder, Esq. acted as standby counsel for [Appellant] during the

trial.” Trial Ct. Op., filed February 6, 2019, at 2. Prior to the commencement

of the jury trial, the trial court engaged in the following colloquy with

Appellant:

      Q    . . . I just want to clarify again at this time, sir, you
      understand that you are scheduled for a jury trial today?

      A      Yes, ma’am.

      Q     And that Mr. Reifsnyder is going to be standby counsel, but
      you are representing yourself in this matter. Is that what you
      intend?

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     A     Yes, ma’am.

     Q     Okay. Sir, do you understand the charges against you?

     A     Yes, Your Honor.

     Q      . . . You understand that if you waive the right to counsel,
     you'll still be bound by all the normal rules of procedure that the
     [c]ourt has?

     A     Yes.

     Q     Okay. Counsel is familiar with these rules. You, as an
     untrained layperson, may not be. Do you understand that?

     A     Yes.

     Q     Sir, you also understand . . . that there may be possible
     defenses to your charges and that if representing yourself you
     don’t raise them during this trial, you are waiving them, meaning
     giving them up. Do you understand that?

     A     No. Can you explain that to me?

     Q     Sure. There may be a myriad of defenses that you have.
     I don’t know what they may be. Counsel, as a skilled attorney, is
     familiar with what those defenses may be, whether it’s trying to
     question the fingerprints examiner, the authenticity of the
     videotape, or a variety of things. You have the right to raise any
     defenses that you have in this case; but if you don’t raise
     something during this trial, meaning bring it up, you’re giving up
     that right to bring it up in the future. You can’t say to the next
     higher court, Oh, I now have an argument I didn’t make before
     the jury.

     A     I understand.

     Q      Okay. Additionally, you have the right to object during the
     trial or to raise issues with the [c]ourt similar to the motions that
     have been preserved by counsel. And if there is anything that you
     don’t raise with the [c]ourt appropriately -- so, for example, if the
     prosecutor raises something and you don’t object to it
     appropriately, you don’t get to raise that later. The only thing
     that will go up to a higher court are the issues that you preserve
     here, that you make sure are brought before this [c]ourt and this
     jury. Do you understand that?

     A     Yes. . . .

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         Q     Are you taking any medication?

         A     No.

         Q     Any reason you cannot think clearly today?

         A     No.

         Q    Did anyone force you or threaten you to proceed without
         counsel?

         A     No.

         Q     Sir, do you understand . . . the [c]ourt thinks it is a very
         bad choice for you to represent yourself when the consequences
         are so high. Do you understand that?

         A     Yes.

         Q    And that the [c]ourt has appointed not only competent
         counsel, but skilled counsel to represent you in Mr. Reifsnyder.
         Do you understand that?

         A     Yes.

         Q     Is it still your intention to represent yourself in this matter?

         A     Yes.

N.T., 12/12/2016, at 4-8. After Appellant made an oral motion for “more time

[to] help [him] better prepare a defense[,]” id. at 8, the trial court responded:

         Sir, I am being more than fair with you in the respect that this
         matter has been scheduled for trial since October 19. It is now
         almost a full two months later, as it is December 12. Again, it is
         the [c]ourt’s strong recommendation, as I ordered counsel to be
         prepared for trial today, that you allow counsel to aid you in this
         matter. It is your choice, it is your life, and I cannot and will not
         force you to use counsel if you don’t choose to; but I will not grant
         a continuance, as this matter has been scheduled since
         October 19 for trial and, prior to the trial date, this matter was
         listed five different times before me for different pretrial issues.

Id. at 10. The trial court denied Appellant’s request for a continuance. Id.

at 14.

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       During their deliberations, the jury asked four questions pertinent to the

fingerprint report; the trial court decided that the best response would be to

provide the jury with a copy of the report but not to answer the questions.

N.T., 12/13/2016, at 441-42.          On December 14, 2016, the jury convicted

Appellant of the aforementioned robbery, possession of weapon, and theft

counts.    Later that same day, the trial court conducted a bench trial and

convicted Appellant of persons not to possess firearms.

       Ultimately, on May 25, 2018, Appellant was sentenced to twenty-
       five (25) to fifty (50) years imprisonment because the
       Commonwealth invoked a “third strike” mandatory on his robbery
       conviction.   (See Disposition, 5/25/18.)      On June 4 2018,
       Appellant, through his attorney, filed his “Post–Sentence Motion
       for Judgment of Acquittal, Motion for New Trial and Preservation
       of Issues and Motion for Reconsideration of Sentence”. (See Post-
       Trial Motion, 6/14/18.) Subsequently, the trial court denied said
       motion. (See Order, 6/4/18.)

       On June 29, 2018, Appellant filed his Notice of Appeal from the
       trial court’s Order. (See “Notice of Appeal”, 6/29/18.) On
       July 27, 2018, the trial court directed Appellant to file a Concise
       Statement of Matters Complained of on Appeal (“Concise
       Statement”) pursuant to Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate Procedure
       (Pa. R.A.P.), § 1925(b). (See Court Order, 7/27/18.)

Trial Ct. Op., filed February 6, 2019, at 2.

       Appellant now presents the following issues for our review:

       [I.] Whether the Commonwealth committed a Brady[2]
       violation and the Pennsylvania Rules of discovery by failing to
       provide a copy of the fingerprint obtained from AFIS that
       reportedly belonged to [A]ppellant, and utilized by the
____________________________________________

2 Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83, 86-89 (1963), held that a prosecution’s
withholding of information or evidence that is favorable to a criminal
defendant’s case violates the defendant’s due-process rights and that the
prosecution has a duty to disclose such information or evidence.

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     Commonwealth fingerprint examiner to opine that his fingerprint
     in the AFIS system matched the latent prints obtained from the
     Circle K convenience store in the matter of CP-46-CR-1675-2016,
     as this was the critical piece of evidence that led Pottstown
     Detective Heather Long to file criminal charges against
     [A]ppellant, approximately two months after the robbery?

     [II.] Whether the trial court erred in denying Appellant’s Motion
     for Judgment of Acquittal on the charges of Robbery, Person Not
     to Possess a Firearm, Possession of Weapon, and Theft in the case
     docketed at CP-46-CR-1675-2016 because the evidence
     presented was not sufficient weight and facially sufficient for a
     finding beyond a reasonable doubt by the jury, in that low quality
     video surveillance footage taken from inside the store did not
     show the face of the perpetrator, nor did it depict the perpetrator
     with a handgun, the fingerprints found near the counter of the
     store that the examiner opined matched could have been left at
     any time, and the examiner utilized a fingerprint of [A]ppellant
     from AFIS at the request of law enforcement, which was never
     introduced into evidence?

     [III.] Whether the trial court abused its discretion in denying
     Appellant’s request for a continuance of the trial in the case
     docketed at CP-46-CR-1675-2016, after earlier denying his
     request to change court appointed counsel, and granting him
     permission to proceed pro se because that decision effectively
     denied [A]ppellant of his constitutionally protected right
     guaranteed pursuant to the Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments of
     the United States and Pennsylvania Constitution to prepare a
     defense, prepare proper cross examination and importantly retain
     a defense fingerprint expert, when [A]ppellant was provided with
     the full discovery, including an expert report of fingerprint analysis
     on Wednesday, December 7, 2016, and the expert fingerprint
     report was modified and supplemented over that weekend, and
     then he was expected to start trial on Monday, December 12,
     2016, without having the benefit of additional time to obtain a
     defense fingerprint expert and properly prepare his defense?

     IV.   Whether the trial court abused its discretion in CP-46-CR-
     1675-2016 by allowing the jury, over the objection of [A]ppellant,
     to have and review in deliberation, the fingerprint expert report
     because it greatly prejudiced [A]ppellant, in light of the jury’s
     request at that time same time [sic] to not only have the report
     but also additional information not provided concerning the
     accuracy of AFIS database in its use for fingerprint identification,

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      the transcript of available information to explain whether there
      were new fingerprints taken from [A]ppellant after he was taken
      into custody, and if so, whether these compared to the AFIS
      system prints, and whether there a one-to-one match of the crime
      scene prints to the AFIS database, or some other critical filter used
      to match [A]ppellants’ prints to the crime scene prints, and under
      circumstances where the critical piece of evidence in this case was
      fingerprint analysis?

Appellant’s Brief at 6-8 (issues re-ordered to facilitate disposition) (suggested

answers omitted).

                               Brady Violation

      Appellant first contends that “[t]he Commonwealth committed a Brady

violation . . . by failing to provide a copy of the fingerprint obtained from AFIS

that reportedly belonged to [A]ppellant[.]” Appellant’s Brief at 39.

      “To establish a Brady violation, [A]ppellant must demonstrate that:

(1) the prosecution concealed evidence; (2) the evidence was either

exculpatory or impeachment evidence favorable to him; and (3) he was

prejudiced.” Commonwealth v. Treiber, 121 A.3d 435, 460–61 (Pa. 2015).

      First, Appellant failed to demonstrate that “the prosecution concealed

evidence.” See id. at 460. “The burden rests with the appellant to prove, by

reference to the record, that evidence was withheld or suppressed by the

prosecution.”    Commonwealth v. Roney, 79 A.3d 595, 607 (Pa. 2013).

Appellant presents no evidence and makes no reference to the record

demonstrating that the Commonwealth actively concealed or suppressed the

fingerprint.    See Appellant’s Brief at 39-44.    He merely makes the bald,

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unsupported    claim   that   the   fingerprint   evidence   from   AFIS    was

“suppressed[.]” Id. at 43.

      Second, Appellant failed to meet the requirement that the allegedly

concealed evidence was exculpatory.        See Treiber, 121 A.3d at 461.

“Exculpatory evidence is that which extrinsically tends to establish defendant’s

innocence of the crimes charged.” Commonwealth v. Lambert, 765 A.2d

306, 325 n.15 (Pa. Super. 2000). “Brady does not require the disclosure of

information that is not exculpatory but might merely form the groundwork for

possible arguments or defenses.”      Roney, 79 A.3d at 608 (citations and

internal quotations omitted). Appellant has failed to articulate how or why he

believes that the fingerprint obtained from AFIS would have exonerated him.

See Appellant’s Brief at 42-43. Assuming, for argument’s sake, that additional

information about the fingerprint could have laid the groundwork for possible

arguments or defenses, Brady does not require the disclosure of such

information. Roney, 79 A.3d at 608.

      In addition, Appellant fails to demonstrate how he was prejudiced. See

Treiber, 121 A.3d at 461.        To establish prejudice, an appellant must

demonstrate a “reasonable probability that, had the evidence been disclosed

to the defense, the result of the proceeding would have been different.” Id.

Although Appellant discusses the “subjective” nature of fingerprint analysis,

suggests that the fingerprints could have been used to impeach the

Commonwealth’s expert, and argues that “the Commonwealth failed to meet

its burden of proof that his prints matched those from Circle K[,]” Appellant’s

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Brief at 43, he fails to establish that it was more likely than not that the result

of the proceeding would have been different had he received the fingerprints.

See Treiber, 121 A.3d at 461. Significantly, he provides no support for his

suggestion that the fingerprints would have shown a result favorable to him.

See Appellant’s Brief at 43-44.

       Hence, Appellant has not established any of the three required prongs

to support a Brady claim. See Treiber, 121 A.3d at 460-61.

       Moreover, “Brady evidence . . . cannot have been discoverable through

the exercise of reasonable diligence.” Commonwealth v. Simpson, 66 A.3d

253, 264 (Pa. 2013).        As he admits, Appellant knew about the fingerprint

evidence since the affidavit of probable cause to the complaint. Appellant’s

Brief at 41 (citing Trial Ct. Op., filed February 6, 2019, at 14-15). Accordingly,

he could have requested a copy of the fingerprint at any time thereafter. Yet,

he informed the trial court that discovery was complete prior to requesting or

receiving the fingerprint. Trial Ct. Op., filed February 6, 2019, at 13. Ergo,

Appellant has failed to establish that he could not have discovered the

fingerprint from AFIS through the exercise of due diligence, and his Brady

claim fails for this reason as well. Simpson, 66 A.3d at 264.3
____________________________________________

3 As for Appellant’s cursory mention that “[t]he Commonwealth committed a
. . . violation [of] the Pennsylvania Rules of discovery by failing to provide a
copy of the fingerprint[,]” Appellant’s Brief at 39, his only further reference to
any procedural rule is: “Pa.R.Crim.P. 573(B)(1), requires the Commonwealth
to ‘disclose to the defendant’s attorney all of the requested items or
information, provided they are material to the instant case’ as part of

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                            Sufficiency of the Evidence

       Next, Appellant challenges the sufficiency of the evidence. Appellant’s

Brief at 30-33.

       This Court’s standard for reviewing sufficiency of the evidence
       claims is as follows:

          We must determine whether the evidence admitted at trial,
          and all reasonable inferences drawn therefrom, when
          viewed in a light most favorable to the Commonwealth as
          verdict winner, support the conviction beyond a reasonable
          doubt. Where there is sufficient evidence to enable the trier
          of fact to find every element of the crime has been
          established beyond a reasonable doubt, the sufficiency of
          the evidence claim must fail.

          The evidence established at trial need not preclude every
          possibility of innocence and the fact-finder is free to believe
          all, part, or none of the evidence presented. It is not within
          the province of this Court to re-weigh the evidence and
          substitute our judgment for that of the fact-finder. The
          Commonwealth’s burden may be met by wholly
          circumstantial evidence and any doubt about the
          defendant’s guilt is to be resolved by the fact-finder unless
          the evidence is so weak and inconclusive that, as a matter
          of law, no probability of fact can be drawn from the
          combined circumstances.

____________________________________________

mandatory discovery.” Appellant’s Brief at 39. However, Appellant has
misquoted Pa.R.Crim.P. 573(B)(1), which actually states:                 “the
Commonwealth shall disclose to the defendant’s attorney all of the following
requested items or information, provided they are material to the instant
case.” Id. (emphasis added). The Rule then enumerates seven categories of
evidence to be disclosed. Pa.R.Crim.P. 573(B)(1)(a)-(g). Appellant has failed
to articulate which category would apply, and we cannot speculate as to what
his argument might be. See Appellant’s Brief 39-44. Any claim relating to
Pa.R.Crim.P. 573(B)(1) is thereby waived for lack of proper development.
See, e.g., Commonwealth v. Spotz, 18 A.3d 244, 281 n.21 (Pa. 2011)
(matter waived for lack of development).

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      Commonwealth v. Rodriguez, 141 A.3d 523, 525 (Pa.Super.
      2016) (quoting Commonwealth v. Tarrach, 42 A.3d 342, 345
      (Pa.Super. 2012)).

Commonwealth v. Izurieta, 171 A.3d 803, 806 (Pa. Super. 2017) (internal

brackets omitted).

      Appellant contends that the evidence was insufficient to convict him of

the aforementioned charges, because the jurors during his jury trial and the

trial court during his bench trial misconstrued the content of the surveillance

video, including whether it showed that the perpetrator was holding a firearm.

Appellant’s Brief at 30-32. In doing so, Appellant is requesting that we “re-

weigh the evidence and substitute our judgment for that of the fact-finder[,]”

which we cannot and will not do. Izurieta, 171 A.3d at 806. “[A]ny doubts”

regarding the content of the surveillance video were “to be resolved” by the

“fact-finder” and not by this Court. Id.

      Similarly, Appellant asks us to re-interpret the jury’s conclusion as to

when the fingerprint may have been left on the counter in the Circle K

convenience store, Appellant’s Brief at 30, 32-33, which is again requesting

that we “re-weigh the evidence and substitute our judgment for that of the

fact-finder[,]” which we cannot and will not do. Izurieta, 171 A.3d at 806.

                                Continuance

      Next, Appellant contends that the trial court abused its discretion in

denying his request for a continuance after the trial court granted his motion

to proceed pro se. Appellant’s Brief at 33. A “trial court has broad discretion

regarding whether a request for continuance should be granted, and we will

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not disturb its decision absent an apparent abuse of that discretion.” In re

K.J., 27 A.3d 236, 243 (Pa. Super. 2011) (citation and internal brackets

omitted).

       After a thorough review of the record, the briefs of the parties, the

applicable   law,   and   the   well-reasoned     opinion   of   the   Honorable

Gail A. Weilheimer, we conclude Appellant’s issue merits no relief. We agree

with the trial court that “[t]he instant record reflects Appellant’s understanding

of his decision to proceed pro se, and that he voluntarily chose to do so, as he

was given an extensive qualifying examination during which th[e trial c]ourt

and counsel clearly explained the issues.” Trial Ct. Op., filed February 6, 2019,

at 11. Prior to trial, the trial court, discussed with Appellant that the case was

scheduled for a jury trial on that day, competent counsel was available to

represent him, he understood the charges against him, he was bound by the

normal rules of court if he proceeded pro se even though he was an untrained

layperson, his failure to preserve claims would result in their waiver, he was

not on any medication and was thinking clearly when making this decision, he

was not being forced or threatened to represent himself, and the trial court

thought self-representation was “a very bad choice[.]” N.T., 12/12/2016, at

4-8.   Despite all of this warning and the presence of standby counsel,

Appellant still made the informed decision to proceed without counsel. Id.

       Additionally, when the trial court made its decision to deny the

continuance, it explained to Appellant that the trial had already been delayed

about two months and had been listed five different times before that for

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pretrial hearings. Id. at 10. Also, by that time, ten months had passed since

Appellant’s arrest, and the trial court had granted four prior continuances at

Appellant’s request. Trial Ct. Op., filed February 6, 2019, at 13; Call of the

Trial List Order, 10/19/2016.

      Furthermore, Appellant, through counsel, had informed the trial court

that discovery was complete two months earlier. Id. In addition, Appellant

had already received photographs and fingerprint evidence as part of

discovery. Id. at 14. As for Appellant’s contention that he did not receive “an

expert report of fingerprint analysis” until five days before trial, Appellant’s

Brief 34, there is nothing in the record to support this claim. During a pretrial

conference on December 7, 2016, Appellant received the fingerprint expert’s

curriculum vitae and some slides that the expert planned to use during his

testimony; the Commonwealth “in [an] abundance of caution” provided

Appellant with an additional copy of the expert report, even though the

Commonwealth “believe[d]” that Appellant had already received it.          N.T.,

12/7/2016, at 13-14. After receiving these material from the Commonwealth,

Appellant gave no indication that he had not seen the actual expert report

before. See id. For all these reasons, it is unclear how Appellant could have

“better prepare[d] a defense” if he had been granted additional time. N.T.,

12/12/2016, at 8.

      Therefore, we conclude that the trial court did not abuse its discretion

when it denied Appellant’s request for a continuance, and, consequently, we

will not disturb its decision. K.J., 27 A.3d at 243.

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               Materials Permitted in Possession of the Jury

      Finally, Appellant contends that the fingerprint expert’s report should

not have been sent to the jury room during deliberations. Appellant’s Brief at

44-48.

      “Whether an exhibit should be allowed to go out with the jury during its

deliberation   is   within   the   sound     discretion   of   the   trial   judge.”

Commonwealth v. Barnett, 50 A.3d 176, 194 (Pa. Super. 2012).

      Pa.R.Crim.P. 646 states, in relevant part:

      (A) Upon retiring, the jury may take with it such exhibits as the
      trial judge deems proper, except as provided in paragraph (C).
      ...

      (C) During deliberations, the jury shall not be permitted to have:

         (1) a transcript of any trial testimony;

         (2) a copy of any written or otherwise recorded confession
         by the defendant;

         (3) a copy of the information or indictment; and

         (4) except as provided in paragraph (B), written jury
         instructions.

      As Pa.R.Crim.P. 646(C) does not explicitly prohibit the jury from having

expert reports during deliberations, the trial court did not abuse its discretion

in allowing them to do so. Barnett, 50 A.3d at 194.

                                   *     *      *

      Based on the foregoing, Appellant is not entitled to relief on any of his

claims. Thus, we affirm the judgment of sentence.

      Judgment of sentence affirmed.

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Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 11/19/19

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