Court Opinion

ID: 8638889
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-11-24 19:49:51.729037+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T16:56:01.840798
License: Public Domain

CLIFFORD. Circuit Justice.
Two principal objections are taken to the claim of the petitioner by the district attorney.
It is insisted that he was not the prosecutor within the meaning of the act of congress, and consequently, that he has no claim upon the merits of his petition; and also, that it is not now competent for the court to open the decree and take jurisdiction of the petitioner’s claim.
The proofs show that the bark sailed from New York on the 12th of August, 1858, bound on a voyage to Loango on the coast of Africa. Her master at that time was Jonathan S. Dodson, and Levi W. Turner was the mate. She arrived at Fayal on the 2d of September of the same year, and remained there in the stream some eight or ten days. During the voyage the suspicions of the master had been aroused that certain Portuguese or Spanish passengers intended to control the voyage, and that the real purpose of it was to engage in the slave-trade. Accordingly he directed the mate to examine the casks in the lower hold, and see what they contained. The supercargo’s documents showed that there were twenty-two thousand gallons of fresh water on board; and upon an examination of the casks which had been shipped as oil casks, enough was ascertained to warrant the conclusion that the state* ment of the documents was true. Without entering into details, suffice it to say that the cargo was made up of such articles as are usually found in vessels clandestinely intended for that traffic, and was of a character fully to justify the suspicions of the master. They arrived at Saint Michael on the 12th of September, and remained there till the 22d of the same month. While there, they discharged twenty-seven bales of dry goods, and the passengers took on board ten bags of beans; and it was during the time the vessel lay there that the master communicated his suspicions to .the mate. He was to receive pay at that port, and he told the mate that when he got his money, he should leave the ship, give him a letter, and order him home with the vessel, and distinctly informed him that he suspected it was an illegal voyage. The record also shows that the mate was appointed master with the approval of the consul, and that the master, who was sick, left the vessel. His directions were that the mate should return to New York, and he advised him to keep all his papers out of the way, so that they might not be stolen by the passengers. The vessel sailed from Saint Michael on the 22d of September. Levi W. Turner, master, and when three days out, he called all hands, and *553stated to them that he suspected that the voyage was illegal, and that he was going to return to the United States, as advised by the former master. Some of the passengers shed tears, and wanted him to run into Flores, and put them ashore. They offered him $1,000 if he would do so, but he declined, saying that he would not go any nearer the land than he was. Willing to be rid of them, however, he offered them a boat of four or five tons; and they left in her, taking with them their trunks, one or two bales of goods, and some provisions. Considering them dangerous, he allowed them to leave, and, perhaps, it is not going too fa.., to say that the circumstances afforded some justification for his course, as they had small arms aboard, such as muskets, swords', and cutlasses, and plenty of means to bribe the crew, if any had been wicked enough to listen to such overtures.
Faithful to his duty, the master brought the vessel to the United States, and, finding it more convenient, he sailed for this port'. The petitioner in this case towed the vessel into the harbor, and in the course of his employment learned from the seamen that the voyage was regarded as an illegal one. He had no knowledge upon the subject, or means of knowledge, except what he derived from the crew. Beyond doubt he performed his duty in towing the vessel into the harbor properly, and when that was done, he at once repaired to the office of the district attorney and communicated the facts which he had learned on board the vessel, but he had none of the papers belonging to the vessel, and no personal knowledge upon the subject. Instead of going immediately to the office of the district attorney, the master, as was his duty, went to the custom-house and presented his papers there, and made known the circumstances to the proper revenue officers. On the following day he called upon the district attorney, and, through the proper officer of the customs, the papers were placed in his hands. The statement of the petitioner is, that the district attorney, when he called on him after leaving the vessel at her anchorage, took down in writing the facts stated by him, and caused him to make oath to the same, and that the district attorney thereupon commenced proceedings against the bark and her cargo. Recurring to the libel, however, it will be seen that it‘is in the usual form, and is signed only by the district attorney. But that is of little importance, as it appears that the master was ever after recognized by the government as the prosecutor, and is in fact the person who furnished all the evidence to sustain the libel of information.
By the act of congress of April 20, 1818, one moiety of such a forfeiture is granted to the use of the United States, and the other to the use of the person or persons who shall sue for such forfeiture, aud prosecute the same to effect. 3 Stat. 451. Take the facts as stated, and it is not possible to say that the petitioner sued for the forfeiture or prosecuted the same to effect. Even if the moiety was given to an informer, and not to the prosecutor, strong doubts are entertained whether the petitioner would justly be entitled to the claim in preference to the master. He had no knowledge upon the subject,' except what he had derived on board the vessel, and all of that which was reliable emanated from the master. Suppose one of the crew, while the master was going to the custom-house, had left the vessel and •first communicated the fact to the district attorney, would he have been entitled to claim the moiety? I think not, even if the law gave it to an informer, as his conduct, in the case supposed, would be a fraud upon the master,* and consequently would not be upheld by the courts. But whether so or not, it is clear in this case, and in my judgment, beyond all doubt, that the master was the person and the only person, who could properly make the claim.
Entertaining no doubt upon the subject, I do not find it necessary to consider the other question.
The prayer of the petition is denied.