Court Opinion

ID: 2685159
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-07-22 16:00:29.457293+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:14:49.044036
License: Public Domain

FILED
                                                           United States Court of Appeals
                                                                   Tenth Circuit

                                                                   July 22, 2014
                      UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                                   Elisabeth A. Shumaker
                                                                   Clerk of Court
                                    TENTH CIRCUIT

 JOSEPH LEE JONES,

          Plaintiff - Appellant,

 v.

 STATE OF KANSAS; SHAWNEE
 COUNTY; TOPEKA POLICE
                                                        No. 14-3074
 DEPARTMENT; SHAWNEE
                                               (D.C. No. 5:12-CV-03229-SAC)
 COUNTY JAIL; FNU LNU (1),
                                                          (D. Kan.)
 Shawnee County Counselor;
 ATTORNEY GENERAL OF
 KANSAS; RICHARD ECKHART,
 Shawnee County Counselor’s Office;
 FNU LNU (2), Shawnee County Court
 Clerk,

          Defendants - Appellees.

                              ORDER AND JUDGMENT *

Before GORSUCH, MURPHY, and HOLMES, Circuit Judges.

      *
         After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has
determined unanimously to grant the parties’ request for a decision on the briefs
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(f) and 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The
case is therefore ordered submitted without oral argument. This order and
judgment is not binding precedent except under the doctrines of law of the case,
res judicata, and collateral estoppel. It may be cited, however, for its persuasive
value consistent with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1 and 10th Cir. R. 32.1.
      Joseph Lee Jones alleges various government actors violated his federal

rights by mishandling his prison mail. See 42 U.S.C. § 1983. The district court

dismissed his amended complaint for failure to state a valid legal claim. Mr.

Jones appealed to this court, but we dismissed the appeal because it was untimely.

Mr. Jones also asked the district court to reconsider its ruling under Fed. R. Civ.

P. 60(b), but the district court declined to do so on the ground that Mr. Jones was

merely trying to relitigate the merits of his case and hadn’t identified the kind of

“exceptional circumstances” that are necessary for Rule 60(b) relief. See, e.g.,

Allender v. Raytheon Aircraft Co., 439 F.3d 1236, 1242 (10th Cir. 2006). Mr.

Jones then filed a second Rule 60(b) motion. The district court denied it for the

same reasons, and it is this denial Mr. Jones now asks us to undo.

      That much we cannot do. Even construing Mr. Jones’s filings liberally, we

see no effort on his part to explain how, contrary to the district court’s ruling, his

request for post-judgment relief comports with Rule 60(b). Instead he pursues a

new legal theory in support of his mail-related claims — that the defendants

violated his rights of free speech rather than his rights to access the courts. But

as we have repeatedly held and the district court explained, Rule 60(b) motions

may not be used merely to advance new arguments that could have been presented

earlier in the litigation. See, e.g., Servants of the Paraclete v. Does, 204 F.3d
1005, 1012 (10th Cir. 2000). Because Mr. Jones offers no reason to think he

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couldn’t have ventured his current arguments before the district court’s judgment,

we see no basis for reversing the district court’s denial of Rule 60(b) relief.

      Separately, Mr. Jones asks for leave to proceed without prepayment of fees

on appeal. Although Mr. Jones is no longer in prison, he was when he initiated

this appeal and so the provisions of the Prison Litigation Reform Act apply. See

Brown v. Eppler, 725 F.3d 1221, 1229-30 (10th Cir. 2013). But under either the

PLRA or more generally applicable standards, Mr. Jones’s motion fails. No party

can proceed in forma pauperis without presenting nonfrivolous grounds for

appeal. E.g., Lister v. Dep’t of Treasury, 408 F.3d 1309, 1312 (10th Cir. 2005);

DeBardeleben v. Quinlan, 937 F.2d 502, 505 (10th Cir. 1991). Because Mr. Jones

doesn’t attempt to explain how the district court’s ruling runs afoul Rule 60(b),

we agree with the district court that his appeal is frivolous.

      Mr. Jones’s ifp motion is therefore denied and this appeal is dismissed. Mr.

Jones is reminded he must pay his filing fee in full. Because Mr. Jones “brought”

this appeal while still a prisoner and because it must be dismissed as frivolous,

the three-strikes provision of the PLRA applies and requires us to assess a strike

against Mr. Jones. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g) (prohibiting ifp actions and appeals

by prisoners who have “on 3 or more prior occasions, while incarcerated or

detained in any facility, brought an . . . appeal in a court of the United States that

was dismissed on the ground[] that it is frivolous.”). That is of course in addition

to the strike Mr. Jones previously incurred when the district court dismissed his

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complaint in this case for failure to state a claim. See id.; Jennings v. Natrona

Cnty. Det. Ctr. Med. Facility, 175 F.3d 775, 780 (10th Cir. 1999) (“If we dismiss

as frivolous the appeal of an action the district court dismissed under 28 U.S.C.

§ 1915(e)(2)(B), both dismissals count as strikes.”).

                                       ENTERED FOR THE COURT

                                       Neil M. Gorsuch
                                       Circuit Judge

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