Court Opinion

ID: 4585244
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2020-11-10 19:07:48.097536+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:42:48.380285
License: Public Domain

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

    COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA           :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                           :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                           :
               v.                          :
                                           :
                                           :
    MATTHEW B. PUTERBAUGH                  :
                                           :
                     Appellant             :   No. 1388 MDA 2019

               Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered July 26, 2019
                  In the Court of Common Pleas of York County
              Criminal Division at No(s): CP-67-CR-0004490-2014

BEFORE: PANELLA, P.J., BENDER, P.J.E., and FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E.

MEMORANDUM BY PANELLA, P.J.:                     FILED NOVEMBER 10, 2020

        Matthew B. Puterbaugh appeals from the order entered July 26, 2019,

in the York County Court of Common Pleas, dismissing his petition challenging

the application of Subchapter I of the Sexual Offender Registration and

Notification Act (“SORNA II”)1 as an untimely Post Conviction Relief Act

(“PCRA”)2 petition. Puterbaugh’s arguments concern the application of

Subchapter I’s registration requirements, as well as the constitutionality of his

sexually violent predator (“SVP”) designation.3 In light of the Pennsylvania

1   42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9799.51-9799.75 (effective Feb. 21, 2018).

2   42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-9546.

3   42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9799.58.
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Supreme Court’s decision in Commonwealth v. Lacombe, 234 A.3d 602 (Pa.

2020), and this Court’s recent decision in Commonwealth v. Smith, __ A.3d

__, 1011 MDA 2019, 2020 WL 5755494 (Pa. Super., filed Sept. 28, 2020), we

vacate and remand for further proceedings consistent with this memorandum.

      Based on the nature of this appeal, it is necessary to explain the legal

history of sex offender registration statutes in Pennsylvania in conjunction

with the facts and procedural history of this case. Puterbaugh’s convictions

stem from his role as the victim’s music teacher when he initiated a

relationship with her. At that time, the victim was 12 years old and Puterbaugh

was in his thirties. The relationship turned sexual in nature when the victim

was in the eighth grade, and continued until approximately her senior year of

high school.

      Puterbaugh was charged with multiple offenses based on illicit conduct

from 2001 to 2007. There is some uncertainty as to which sex offender

registration statute, in hindsight, was legally in effect when Puterbaugh

committed some of these crimes. On May 10, 2000, what is known as Megan’s

Law II was signed into law. It remained in effect until at least November 24,

2004, when its successor, Megan’s Law III, was signed into law.

      However, the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania subsequently declared

that Megan’s Law III was passed in violation of the Pennsylvania Constitution’s

single subject rule. See Commonwealth v. Neiman, 84 A.3d 603 (Pa.

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2013). Megan’s Law III was therefore rendered void ab initio. See

Commonwealth v. Derhammer, 173 A.3d 723, 725 (Pa. 2017).

        From 2001 to November 2004, then, Megan’s Law II was undoubtedly

in effect. After November 2004, Megan’s Law III was in effect, but after

Neiman, it was to be treated as if it never legally existed. See Derhammer,

173 A.3d at 725. What we do know is that for ex post facto purposes, the

predecessor to SORNA II, SORNA I,4 had not yet been passed into law when

Puterbaugh committed his crimes. See Commonwealth v. Muniz, 164 A.3d

1189 (Pa. 2017) (holding that a fugitive who did not appear for his 2007

sentencing could not be subjected to SORNA I registration requirements when

finally sentenced in 2014).

        On June 30, 2015, Puterbaugh agreed to plead guilty to one count of

statutory sexual assault and one count of involuntary deviate sexual

intercourse with a person less than 16 years of age (“IDSI”) in exchange for

concessions from the Commonwealth.5 Per his request, he was sentenced

immediately following the plea to an aggregate sentence of five to ten years’

4 Act of Dec. 20, 2011, P.L. 446, No. 111, as amended, 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§
9799.10 to 9799.41 (effective Dec. 20, 2012). In 2011, the Pennsylvania
General Assembly passed SORNA I in order to comply with the Adam Walsh
Child Protection and Safety Act of 2006, Pub. L. 109-248, as amended, 34
U.S.C. §§ 20911, et seq.

5   18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 3122.1 and 3123(a)(7), respectively.

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incarceration, to be served concurrently to his May 2015 federal child

pornography sentence of 15 years.6

      A hearing was held on January 27, 2016 to determine whether

Puterbaugh should be classified as an SVP because his convictions constituted

Tier III sex offenses under SORNA I. SORNA I was in effect at the time of

Puterbaugh’s plea and by its explicit terms, applied. See 42 Pa.C.S.A. §

9799.13(3) (eff. 2014) (requiring registration for individuals “who, on or after

the effective date of this section,” December 20, 2012, “is convicted of a

sexually violent offense[.]”).

      The SVP assessment was conducted by Dr. Robert Stein, Ph.D., of the

Sexual Offenders Assessment Board (“SOAB”). Dr. Stein concluded that

Puterbaugh met the criteria to be classified as an SVP. Puterbaugh presented

the testimony of his own expert to rebut Dr. Stein’s assessment. On February

3, 2016, the trial court entered an order, finding Puterbaugh to be an SVP by

clear and convincing evidence. Puterbaugh did not file a direct appeal.

      Over a year after Puterbaugh was sentenced and deemed an SVP, the

Pennsylvania Supreme Court issued Muniz on July 19 2017. In Muniz, a

6 Puterbaugh was charged in two other cases in York County, which stemmed
from him inappropriately touching and secretly videotaping multiple young
girls without their permission, and possessing hundreds of images of child
pornography on his computer. He was charged with multiple counts of
intercept communications, corruption of minors, harassment, and possession
of child pornography. However, the Commonwealth dismissed the two cases
during the plea and sentencing in the present matter because the same
offenses led to the federal conviction. See Order Determining Sexually Violent
Predator Status, 2/3/2016, at 2.

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plurality of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court held that the registration

requirements of SORNA I, as applied retroactively, were punitive pursuant to

the seven-factor test set forth by the United States Supreme Court in

Kennedy v. Mendoza-Martinez, 372 U.S. 144 (1963),7 and therefore,

unconstitutional under the ex post facto clauses of the United States and

Pennsylvania Constitutions. See Muniz, 164 A.3d at 1223.

      Based on Muniz, Puterbaugh filed a pro se PCRA petition on September

22, 2017. In the pro se petition, Puterbaugh alleged that his registration

requirements under SORNA were unconstitutional and violated ex post facto

protections as established by Muniz because his offenses occurred prior to

the enactment of SORNA. The PCRA court appointed counsel to represent

Puterbaugh in his post-conviction relief pursuit.

      Thereafter, on October 31, 2017, a divided, three-judge panel of this

Court held in Commonwealth v. Butler, 173 A.3d 1212 (Pa. Super. 2017)

(“Butler I”), that the statutory mechanism for designating a defendant as an

SVP under then Section 9799.24(e)(3) was “constitutionally flawed” pursuant

to the United States Supreme Court’s decisions in Alleyne v. United States,

570 U.S. 99 (2013), and Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466 (2000),

because the statute designated the trial court as the fact-finder in all instances

7 Commonwealth v. Williams, 832 A.2d 962, 973 (Pa. 2003) (“Williams
II”) (describing the Mendoza-Martinez seven-factor balancing test).

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and specified “clear and convincing” evidence as the burden of proof. Butler

I, 173 A.3d at 1218.8

        In response to Muniz and Butler, the Pennsylvania General Assembly

amended SORNA I, and enacted Acts 10 and 29 of 2018, on February 21,

2018, and June 12, 2018, respectively, which are collectively known as SORNA

II. See Act of Feb. 21, 2018, P.L. 27, No. 10 (“Act 10”); Act of June 12, 2018,

P.L. 140, No. 29 (“Act 29”). Notably, SORNA II divided sex offenders into two

separate subchapters: (1) Subchapter H,9 which applies to an offender who

committed a sexually violent offense on or after December 20, 2012 (the date

SORNA I became effective) for which he was convicted; and (2) Subchapter

I, which applies to an individual who committed a sexually violent offense on

or after April 22, 1996, but before December 20, 2010, whose period of

8 The Butler I Court specifically opined: “[A] factual finding, such as whether
a defendant has a mental abnormality or personality disorder that makes him
... likely to engage in predatory sexually violent offenses, that increases the
length of registration must be found beyond a reasonable doubt by the chosen
fact-finder.” Id. Accordingly, the Butler I panel held “trial courts may no
longer designate convicted defendants as SVPs, nor may they hold SVP
hearings, until our General Assembly enacts a constitutional designation
mechanism.” Id. Furthermore, the Butler I Court determined lifetime
registration, notification, and counseling requirements applicable to SVPs,
pursuant to 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9799.15, 9799.16, 9799.26, 9799.27, and
9799.36, constituted increased criminal punishment that were in violation of
Alleyne/Apprendi.

9   42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9799.10-9799.41.

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registration had not expired or whose registration requirements under a

former sexual offender registration law had not expired.10

        Moreover, a number of significant changes were made to the operation

of SORNA. For the example, the provisions provided, in relevant part, that:

(1) those convicted of one of the triggering offenses must register either for

a period of ten years or for life, and those offenders designated as SVPs must

register for life; (2) all offenders must contact the state police within three

days of any change to their registration information, including changes to

residence, employment, or education, but Subchapter I does not require that

the offender must appear in person to satisfy this obligation; (3) an internet

notification provision be operated in conjunction with the statewide registry;

and (4) an SVP or lifetime reporter can petition a court to be removed from

the statewide registry as long as certain requirements are met. See 42

Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9799.55, 9799.56, 9799.63, and 9799.59; see also Lacombe,

243 A.3d at 615-617.

        Several days after SORNA II went into effect, a panel of this Court

concluded that a PCRA petitioner could not rely on Muniz to establish the

newly recognized constitutional right timeliness exception under 42 Pa.C.S.A.

§ 9545(b)(1)(iii) until the Pennsylvania Supreme Court ruled otherwise. See

Commonwealth v. Murphy, 180 A.3d 402 (Pa. Super. 2018), appeal denied,

195 A.3d 559 (Pa. 2018).

10   Muniz applied directly to Subchapter I non-SVP offenders.

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      During this same time, Puterbaugh filed an amended PCRA petition and

a petition for writ of habeas corpus on March 15, 2018. In the amended

petition, Puterbaugh alleged that in light of Muniz, neither SORNA nor

Subchapter I can be retroactively applied to him, and although the claim is

facially untimely under the PCRA, this Court has jurisdiction to hear the matter

pursuant to 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1)(iii).11 See Amended Post Conviction

Relief Act Petition and/or Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus, 3/15/2018, at ¶

22. Puterbaugh also claimed that Subchapter I subjected him to registration

requirements anew, and therefore, this constituted a modification to his

sentence. He stated the sentence modification restarted the clock for purposes

of challenging his sentence, and consequently, his petition was timely filed.

Id., at ¶ 23.

      Additionally, Puterbaugh alleged this Court has the authority to review

the petition and issue a writ of habeas corpus to bar application of registration

requirements. Id., at ¶ 24. Lastly, Puterbaugh contended that his SVP

designation should be vacated in light of Butler I. See Amended Post

Conviction Relief Act Petition and/or Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus,

3/15/2018, at ¶¶ 27-29. He further alleged the Butler I decision created a

11In support of his argument, Puterbaugh cites Commonwealth v. Rivera-
Figueroa, 174 A.3d 674, 678 (Pa. Super. 2017) (stating Muniz “created a
substantive rule that retroactively applies in the collateral context, because
SORNA punishes a class of defendants due to their status as sex offenders
and creates a significant risk of punishment that the law cannot impose.”).
Rivera-Figueroa concerned a timely filed PCRA petition.

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now viable habeas corpus claim, which “restarted the clock” for sentencing

purposes. Id., at ¶ 30.

      Puterbaugh filed a second, amended PCRA petition and petition for writ

of habeas corpus on April 27, 2018, in which he largely reiterated the

arguments he set forth in his first amended petition. He also claimed no valid

registration schemes could be enforced against him and he did not have a

duty to register as a sex offender.

      On July 3, 2019, the PCRA court issued a Pa.R.Crim.P. 907 notice of

intent to dismiss Puterbaugh’s petition without a hearing. Puterbaugh did not

file a response to the court’s Rule 907 notice. Subsequently, on July 26, 2019,

the court dismissed Puterbaugh’s petition as untimely. This appeal followed.12

      While this appeal was pending, a panel of this Court decided

Commonwealth v. Moore, 222 A.3d 16 (Pa. Super. 2019), vacated, 42 WAL

2020 (Pa., filed Oct. 6, 2020). Moore held that the internet provision in

Subchapter I, 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9799.63, violated the ex post facto clause of the

federal constitution. See id., at 27. However, the Moore Court determined

the internet provision was severable from the rest of the regulatory scheme.

See id. Accordingly, the Court did not perceive any obstacles to the continued

application of SORNA II absent the internet provision. See id.

12 On August 26, 2019, the PCRA court ordered Puterbaugh to file a concise
statement of errors complained of on appeal pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b).
Puterbaugh complied with the court’s request on September 16, 2019. The
PCRA court issued an opinion pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a) on October 23,
2019.

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        Additionally, after Puterbaugh filed his appellate brief, the Pennsylvania

Supreme Court issued two relevant decisions, Commonwealth v. Butler,

226 A.3d 972 (Pa. 2020) (“Butler II”) on March 26, 2020, and Lacombe on

July 21, 2020.13

        In Butler II, the Supreme Court reversed this Court’s decision in Butler

I, holding the registration, notification, and counseling requirements specific

to SVPs “do not constitute criminal punishment,” and therefore, “the

procedure for designating individuals as SVPs under Section 9799.24(e)(3) is

not subject to the requirements of Apprendi and Alleyne and remains

constitutionally permissible.” Id. at 976.14

        In Lacombe, the Supreme Court held that the registration requirements

mandated by Subchapter I also did not constitute criminal punishment, and

are non-punitive. See Lacombe, at *18. Additionally, as will be discussed

infra, the Lacombe Court explicitly declined “to find the PCRA, or any other

13Puterbaugh did file a Pa.R.A.P. 2501(b) post-submission communication,
providing notice to this Court of the Lacombe decision on July 30, 2020.

14   The Butler II Court also opined:

        SVPs are different from the non-SVP SORNA registrants at issue
        in Muniz due to heightened public safety concerns based on the
        determination SVPs have “a mental abnormality or personality
        disorder that makes the individual likely to engage in predatory
        sexually violent offenses.” 42 Pa.C.S. § 9799.12.

Butler II, 226 A.3d at 987. We note Butler II concerned a Subchapter H
SVP offender.

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procedural mechanism … the exclusive method for challenging sexual offender

registration statutes[.]” Lacombe, at *10.

      With this background before us, we now turn to Puterbaugh’s arguments

on appeal. First, Puterbaugh claims Subchapter I’s registration requirements

constituted a new or modified sentencing scheme and therefore, the court

erred in finding his petition was untimely. See Appellant’s Brief, at 15-20.

Additionally, he asserts that because Subchapter I’s registration requirements

are a punitive extension of his sentence, its retroactive application violates

the ex post facto clauses of the United States and Pennsylvania Constitutions

and, therefore, he does not have duty to register a sexual offender because

no other registration schemes can be enforced against him. See id., at 20.

Puterbaugh analyzed Subchapter I pursuant to the two-part test, as applied

in Muniz, and alleged that Subchapter I was punitive. See Appellant’s Brief,

at 21-43. Moreover, Puterbaugh acknowledged that the lifetime registration

period was the same under both Megan’s Law II/III and Subchapter I, but

argued that the later statute imposed higher burdens than required under the

former. Id., at 43-45.

      Additionally, Puterbaugh asserted that in the event that this Court was

“disinclined to find Subchapter I [was] punitive[,]” he requested that “the

internet dissemination component of Subchapter I be struck from his

registration requirements” in light of Moore. See Appellant’s Brief, at 47-48.

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      Secondly, in the alternative, Puterbaugh alleges that the court erred in

designating him as an SVP pursuant to Muniz and Butler I. See Appellant’s

Brief, at 49-51. Lastly, he contends his SVP claim is not cognizable under the

PCRA and therefore, the court erred in not granting habeas corpus relief. See

id., at 51-53.

      “Our standard of review for issues arising from the denial of PCRA relief

is well settled. We must determine whether the PCRA court’s ruling is

supported by the record and free of legal error.” Commonwealth v. Presley,

193 A.3d 436, 442 (Pa. Super. 2018) (citation omitted).

      “It is well-settled that the PCRA is intended to be the sole means of

achieving post-conviction relief.” Commonwealth v. Taylor, 65 A.3d 462,

465 (Pa. Super. 2013); see also 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9542. Section 9542

      provides for an action by which persons convicted of crimes they
      did not commit and persons serving illegal sentences may obtain
      collateral relief. The action established in this subchapter shall be
      the sole means of obtaining collateral relief and encompasses all
      other common law and statutory remedies for the same purpose
      that exist when this subchapter takes effect, including habeas
      corpus and coram nobis. This subchapter is not intended to
      limit the availability of remedies in the trial court or on direct
      appeal from the judgment of sentence, to provide a means for
      raising issues waived in prior proceedings or to provide relief
      from collateral consequences of a criminal conviction.

42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9542 (emphasis added).

      Moreover, whether a petitioner’s claims are cognizable under the PCRA

presents a question of law. See Commonwealth v. Montgomery, 181 A.3d

359, 367 (Pa. Super. 2018) (en banc), appeal denied, 190 A.3d 1134 (Pa.

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2018). Accordingly, our standard of review is de novo, and our scope of review

is plenary. Id. “Issues that are cognizable under the PCRA must be raised in

a timely PCRA petition and cannot be raised [otherwise].” Taylor, 65 A.3d

466.

       In dismissing Puterbaugh’s argument, the PCRA court found that his

petition was not timely filed, and therefore, it did not have jurisdiction to

review the matter.15 See Order Denying PCRA, 7/26/2019, at unnumbered 1.

Moreover, in its Rule 1925(a) opinion, the court stated the enactment of

SORNA II did not modify Puterbaugh’s sentence, referring to this Court’s

decision in Commonwealth v. Kirwan, 221 A.3d 196, 200 (Pa. Super. 2019)

for the notion that “registration requirements do not constitute ‘sentences’ for

PCRA eligibility purposes.”16 Trial Court’s 1925(a) Statement, 10/23/2019, at

unnumbered 2.

15 As noted by the PCRA court, Puterbaugh’s judgment of sentence was final
on March 4, 2016, 30 days after this Court affirmed the judgment of sentence
and Puterbaugh declined to file a direct appeal. See 42 Pa.C.S.A. §
9545(b)(3); Pa.R.A.P. 903(a). Therefore, he had until March 6, 2017 to file a
timely PCRA petition, as March 4th fell on a Saturday. Puterbaugh filed the
petition at issue on September 22, 2017.

16 In Kirwan, this Court noted the PCRA restricts relief to those petitioners
“currently serving a sentence of imprisonment, probation or parole for the
crime[.]” Kirwan, 221 A.3d at 200, quoting 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9543(a)(1)(i). The
Court concluded that because the petitioner was not currently imprisoned, on
probation or on parole, he was ineligible for PCRA relief. See Kirwan, 221
A.3d at 200. Furthermore, the Kirwan Court stated:

       [T]he fact that the Supreme Court in Muniz declared that
       SORNA’s registration requirements constituted punishment, does
       not affect our decision. While the Muniz Court found the

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      We are constrained to disagree with the PCRA court’s conclusion based

on the fact that Lacombe and Smith are controlling in this matter.17 In

Lacombe, the defendant was convicted for multiple sexual offense crimes,

including IDSI, in 1997. He was not found to be an SVP, but was required to

comply with the then-applicable version of Megan’s Law for a period of ten

years upon release from prison due to his IDSI conviction. See Lacombe, 234

A.3d at 606. Accordingly, when he was released from prison in 2005, his

period of registration would have ended in 2015. See id. However, with the

enactment of SORNA I, the defendant was designated as a Tier III offender

and ordered to comply with lifetime registration mandates. See id.

      Lacombe filed a petition to terminate his sexual offender registration

requirements in 2018 after Muniz was decided. The trial court granted his

petition. The Commonwealth appealed the court’s order directly to the

      registration requirements of SORNA were “akin to probation” for
      purposes of determining whether the requirements were punitive,
      Muniz, supra, 164 A.3d at 1213, the Court did not determine the
      registration requirements constitute a “sentence of ... probation”
      for purposes of PCRA eligibility. The language of the statute clearly
      states that only the sanctions of imprisonment, probation and
      parole are “sentences” for eligibility purposes.

Kirwan, 221 A.3d at 200.

17 “[T]he general rule in Pennsylvania is to apply the law in effect at the time
of the appellate decision.” Commonwealth v. Housman, 986 A.2d 822, 840
(Pa. 2009).

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Supreme Court.18 The Commonwealth argued that Subchapter I was not

punitive, but if it was, then any challenge had to be raised in a timely PCRA

petition and the defendant’s Subchapter I challenge was facially untimely for

purposes of the PCRA and therefore, the court lacked jurisdiction to provide

relief. See id.

      The Lacombe Court first opined:

            This Court has not yet required that sexual offender
      registration statutes be challenged through the PCRA or some
      other procedural mechanism. Indeed, we have consistently
      decided cases regarding sexual offender registration statutes that
      were challenged via different types of filings. See Muniz, supra
      (successful challenge to constitutionality of SORNA via direct
      appeal), Commonwealth v. Martinez, 637 Pa. 208, 147 A.3d
      517, 523 (Pa. 2016) (successful challenge to increase of
      registration term through “Petition to Enforce Plea Agreement or
      for a Writ of Habeas Corpus” where PCRA petition would have been
      untimely), A.S. v. Pa. State Police, 636 Pa. 403, 143 A.3d 896,
      903 n.7 (Pa. 2016) (successful challenge to registration term
      through mandamus action against PSP), Williams II, supra
      (unsuccessful challenge to constitutionality of Megan’s Law II
      through “Motion for Extraordinary Relief” and “Motion for Relief”).
      Our approach in this regard takes into account the fact that
      frequent changes to sexual offender registration statutes,
      along with more onerous requirements and retroactive
      application, complicate registrants’ ability to challenge
      new requirements imposed years after their sentences
      become final.

18 See 42 Pa.C.S.A. §722(7) (“The Supreme Court shall have exclusive
jurisdiction of appeals from final orders ... [in m]atters where the court of
common pleas has held invalid as repugnant to the Constitution, treaties or
laws of the United States, or to the Constitution of this Commonwealth, any
treaty or law of the United States or any provision of the Constitution of, or of
any statute of, this Commonwealth, or any provision of any home rule
charter.”).

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             This is especially so under the PCRA as many registrants,
      [the defendant] included, would be ineligible for relief on
      timeliness grounds. See 42 Pa.C.S. §9545(b)(1) (PCRA petition
      must be filed within one year of judgment of sentence becoming
      final unless exception applies). Other registrants may be ineligible
      because their sentence has expired while their registration
      requirements continue. See 42 Pa.C.S. §9543(a)(1) (PCRA
      petitioner must be serving sentence to be eligible for relief). Both
      situations arise from the fact that the registration period does not
      begin until registrants are released from prison, which may be well
      after their sentence has become final or may signal the completion
      of their sentence. Accordingly, we decline to find the PCRA, or
      any other procedural mechanism, is the exclusive method
      for challenging sexual offender registration statutes and we
      thus conclude the trial court had jurisdiction to consider [the
      defendant]’s “Petition to Terminate His Sexual Offender
      Registration Requirements.”

Lacombe, 234 A.3d at 617-618 (emphasis added).

      The LaCombe Court then applied the two-part inquiry employed in

Muniz, and first analyzed whether the General Assembly enacted Subchapter

I to punish sex offenders. In reviewing the legislature’s intention, the Court

determined the General Assembly’s purpose was to create a non-punitive civil

regulatory scheme. See Lacombe, 234 A.3d at 618. Next, the Supreme Court

considered the Mendoza-Martinez factors to determine whether registration

requirements of Subchapter I were punitive. See Lacombe, 234 A.3d at 618-

626. The Court concluded that the punitive factors did not outweigh the non-

punitive ones,19 and held Subchapter I did not constitute criminal punishment.

See id., at 626-627.

19In its review, the Court did find that Subchapter I’s internet registration
provisions were akin to public shaming, and therefore, punitive in effect. See
Lacombe, 234 A.3d at 622-623.

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      In Smith, the appellant pleaded guilty in 2013 to two counts of indecent

assault, which were committed between 2002 and 2008, while he was a

juvenile. The court sentenced and designated him a lifetime registrant under

SORNA I. He did not file a direct appeal but did file a motion for removal from

registry in 2018. The court treated his motion as a PCRA petition, and

determined it was untimely filed. The court stated that the appellant’s

substantive claims implicated the legality of his sentence, which were

cognizable issues under the PCRA. As such, the court found that because the

petition was untimely, it was without jurisdiction to review the claims.

      A panel of this Court disagreed, explaining, in relevant part:

            [O]ur Supreme Court recently examined the registration
      requirements mandated by Subchapter I of SORNA II and found
      them to be non-punitive. Lacombe, 2020 Pa. LEXIS 3826, [WL]
      at *18. Non-punitive, administrative requirements are
      merely collateral consequences of a criminal conviction.
      Commonwealth v. Leidig, 598 Pa. 211, 956 A.2d 399, 406 (Pa.
      2008). Thus, a challenge to the requirements mandated by
      Subchapter I of SORNA II pertains to a collateral
      consequence of one’s criminal sentence and does not fall
      within the purview of the PCRA. 42 Pa.C.S. § 9542.

            In addition, the Lacombe Court expressly declined “to find
      the PCRA, or any other procedural mechanism . . . the exclusive
      method for challenging sexual offender registration statutes[.]”
      Lacombe, 2020 Pa. LEXIS 3826, [WL] at *10. According to the
      Court, an offender’s requirements change frequently and
      may be retroactively applicable. See id. Thus, the strict
      jurisdictional requirements of the PCRA render it
      unsuitable, because many registrants will be ineligible for
      relief on timeliness grounds or because their criminal
      sentence has expired while their registration requirements
      continue. See id.

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Smith, __ A.3d __, 1011 MDA 2019, at **5-6, 2020 WL 5755494 (Pa. Super.,

filed Sept. 28, 2020) (emphasis added).

      The Smith Court concluded that the appellant’s motion for removal was

not an untimely PCRA petition and that his substantive challenges regarding

the application of Subchapter I’s lifetime registration requirements were not

cognizable under the PCRA, and therefore, not subject to its time-bar. The

Court also declined to address the appellant’s substantive claims at the time

of its decision. See id., at *6.20

      Turning to the present matter, in accordance with Lacombe and Smith,

we conclude the PCRA court erred in concluding that it lacked jurisdiction to

consider Puterbaugh’s claims based on the fact that the petition was untimely

filed. Pursuant to these decisions, an untimely PCRA petition does not impinge

on the court’s jurisdiction to review the merits of a sex offender registration

requirements argument. We recognize that by holding Subchapter I is non-

punitive, the Lacombe ruling will most likely be outcome-determinative as to

most, if not all, of Puterbaugh’s underlying claims. Nevertheless, Puterbaugh’s

challenge to the requirements mandated by Subchapter I of SORNA II

pertained to the collateral consequences of his criminal sentence and did not

20 See also Commonwealth v. Duncan, __ A.3d __, No. 2020 PA Super
201, 2020 WL 4781359 (Pa. Super., filed Aug. 18, 2020) (holding that where
appellant finished serving his sentence and was not eligible for PCRA relief,
the court was not required to treat the filing as a PCRA petition in light of
Lacombe).

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fall within the purview of the PCRA. See Smith.21 Accordingly, we vacate the

PCRA court’s order dismissing Puterbaugh’s petition as untimely filed and

remand the present matter to the trial court for further proceedings consistent

with this memorandum.

21 It merits mention that as part of his argument, Puterbaugh claims that the
ruling in Moore concerning the internet registration requirements is
applicable. As noted above, in Lacombe, the Supreme Court determined that
while the internet registration requirement was punitive, the punitive factors
did not outweigh the non-punitive ones. Nevertheless, the Supreme Court held
the petition for allowance of appeal in Moore pending the disposition of
Lacombe. See Commonwealth v. Moore, 42 WAL 2020 (Pa., filed May 12,
2020). On October 6, 2020, the Supreme Court issued a per curiam order in
Moore, granting the petition. See Commonwealth v. Moore, 42 WAL 2020
(Pa., filed Oct. 6, 2020). In the same order, the Court vacated this Court’s
decision and remanded the matter, instructing this Court to apply Lacombe.

     We also recognize that pending before the Pennsylvania Supreme Court
is Commonwealth v. Bres, 222 A.3d 1124 (Pa. 2020) (table). In Bres, the
defendant’s petition for allowance of appeal was granted on the following:

      Did the Superior Court err in ruling that the [lower court] correctly
      treated the Petitioner’s Amended Post-Conviction Relief Act
      Petition and/or Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus, which
      challenged the constitutionality of Subchapter I of the
      Pennsylvania Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act
      (which was recently enacted into law on February 21, 2018), as
      an untimely petition filed pursuant to the Post-Conviction Relief
      Act?

Bres, 222 A.3d 1124 (Pa. 2020) (table).

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     Order vacated. Case remanded. Jurisdiction relinquished.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 11/10/2020

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