Court Opinion

ID: 9730379
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-08-26 15:10:50.414785+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T18:26:06.127407
License: Public Domain

Cavanagh, J.
(dissenting). The question presented in this case is one of first impression in Michigan. Although we would affirm the Court of Appeals holding that the plaintiff is entitled to continued work-loss benefits during the period of *155his disability related to. the car accident, despite the subsequent disabling heart attack, we would do so for different reasons.
Unlike the Court of Appeals, we do not reach our conclusion on the basis of the language in § 3107a because we believe that that statute is inapplicable to the present situation. The legislative purpose in enacting § 3107a was to address a problem created by the requirement in § 3107(b) that work-loss benefits must consist of payments for loss of income from work an injured person would have performed had the car accident not occurred, thus implying that the injured person has to be employed at the time of the car accident. As the legislative analysis of the bill which became § 3107a stated:
"This [lack of a concise definition of 'loss of income’ in the no-fault law] has given rise to certain problems in connection with persons who are seasonally employed or temporarily unemployed as a result of layoffs, and who are disabled as a result of an auto accident. In the case of a worker who is unemployed at the time of an accident or during the period of disability, the law might be construed as providing for no work loss benefits since the worker would have had no income at that time, had he/she not been injured. In addition, disabled workers are not entitled to unemployment compensation since benefits are not payable to a person who is unable to work. An unemployed worker who is disabled in an auto accident may thus find him/ herself without benefits of either sort.” Analysis, HB 4221, November 21, 1975.
It is evident that § 3107a was enacted to provide work-loss benefits for the insured worker who is temporarily unemployed at the time of the accident because of a lack of available employment or who becomes temporarily unemployed during the *156period of his disability related to a car accident because of the foreclosure of available employment, as in cases of a strike, a layoff, or a plant closing. It makes no sense to us to conclude that the Legislature meant the "temporarily unemployed” language in § 3107a to refer also to someone who, although already unemployed because of disabling injuries from a car accident, is unable to work because of a second unrelated disability. Otherwise, one would become, in effect, re-unemployed on the same basis (i.e., because of being disabled) when a subsequent, independent disability occurs — a redundant designation which we do not believe the Legislature intended to create.
Therefore, we conclude that § 3107a applies only to a person who, at the time of disability occasioned by a car accident, is or during that disability becomes temporarily unemployed because of a lack of available employment. Since § 3107a does not apply to the facts of the case before us, in which the plaintiff was not temporarily unemployed within the meaning of § 3107a during any time period relevant to our determination, we turn our attention to § 3107(b).
Section 3107(b) authorizes the payment of work-loss benefits for work an injured claimant would have performed during the first three years after the date of the accident if the accident had not occurred. We interpret this section to require that the claimant be employed at the time of the car accident and that there be a causal relationship between the injuries the claimant sustains from the car accident and the resulting inability to engage in gainful employment.
We believe that this interpretation is consistent with the statutory scheme of the no-fault act and the policies upon which it is based. It is because *157§ 3107(b) requires that the insured be employed at the time of the car accident, i.e., payment is for work which would have been performed had the accident not occurred, that the Legislature passed § 3107a in order to extend the eligibility for work-loss benefits to those who were employable but temporarily unemployed at the time of the accident. The "would have performed * * * if he had not been injured” language in § 3107(b) also indicates the Legislature’s intent that there be a causal relationship between the car accident and the resulting inability to work. This causal relationship is not in the form of an exclusive "but for” relationship because the insured claimant may be prevented from working for more than one reason. Section 3107a covers the situation wherein the insured is also precluded from working because of a lack of available employment. We do not believe that the Legislature intended that insured claimants injured in a car accident who suffer a subsequent, independent disability which precludes them from working be treated differently than insured claimants injured in a car accident who subsequently find their prior employment unavailable. As long as the car accident injuries, in themselves, render the insured claimant unable to work, the causal relationship required in § 3107(b) is met.
Contrary to the defendant’s contention, we do not think that this interpretation of § 3107(b) conflicts with §§3110(4), 3142(1), or 3151. MCL 500.3110(4); MSA 24.13110(4), MCL 500.3142(1); MSA 24.13142(1), MCL 500.3151; MSA 24.13151.
Section 3151 provides as follows:
"When the mental or physical condition of a person is material to a claim that has been or may be made for past or future personal protection insurance benefits, *158the person shall submit to mental or physical examination by physicians. A personal protection insurer may include reasonable provisions in a personal protection insurance policy for mental and physical examination of persons claiming personal protection insurance benefits.”
Sections 3110(4) and 3142(1) provide that personal protection benefits are payable as the loss accrues, which may be at a different time than when the injury occurs. For example, had the plaintiff been able to work for a period of time after the car accident before his injuries from the accident rendered him unable to work, the work-loss benefits would be payable from the date he stopped working rather than the date of the car accident. However, the fact that § 3151 requires a periodic evaluation of whether an actual work loss is being incurred because of the accident is not inconsistent with our interpretation of § 3107(b). As long as the plaintiff’s injuries from the car accident continue to result in his inability to work, an actual work loss is being incurred and work-loss benefits are payable. Again, the fact that a second, independent disability also precludes him from working does not break the causal relationship between the car accident and the actual work loss suffered as a result of it.1
This statutory interpretation is consistent with the policies behind the no-fault act. This Court has frequently pointed out that the purpose of the no-fault system is to provide assured, adequate, and prompt compensation for insured claimants in*159jured in accidents caused by motor vehicles. Citizens Ins Co of America v Tuttle, 411 Mich 536, 545; 309 NW2d 174 (1981); Shavers v Attorney General, 402 Mich 554, 578; 267 NW2d 72 (1978). In order to accomplish this, the no-fault act partially abolished tort liability for motor vehicle accidents and substituted the availability of personal protection insurance benefits. This is what the claimant is insured for and this is what the insurer should expect to be liable for — economic loss resulting from injuries sustained in a car accident. A subsequent, fortuitous event which also precludes the injured claimant from working should not relieve the insurer of its obligation to pay for what has been insured against, the inability to work because of the injuries related to the car accident. Otherwise, the legislative purpose in providing the quid pro quo of the exchange of personal protection insurance benefits for the restriction on tort liability would be undermined; the injured insured claimant would be both unable to sue for economic damages and unable to collect no-fault insurance benefits despite the fact that there has been economic loss directly caused by injuries received in a car accident.2
In addition, this Court has noted that:
"The [no-fault] act is designed to minimize adminis*160trative delays and factual disputes that would interfere with achievement of the goal of expeditious compensation of damages suffered in motor vehicle accidents.” Miller v State Farm Mutual Automobile Ins Co, 410 Mich 538, 568; 302 NW2d 537 (1981).
We agree with the Court of Appeals that if a motor vehicle accident victim is entitled to work-loss benefits only for those days on which the accident injuries alone prevent him from working, then an administrative morass would result from trying to weed out those days in which the victim was prevented from working because of other additional causes, such as bad weather, an unrelated illness, or a conflicting commitment. This would clearly inhibit the no-fault act’s goal of prompt reparation for economic losses.
We would hold that work-loss benefits paid to an insured claimant under § 3107(b) of the no-fault act on the basis of a disability related to a car accident may not be withdrawn where the claimant sustains a subsequent independent disability which also renders the claimant unable to work. As long as the car accident injuries in themselves prevent the claimant from working, work-loss benefits are payable under § 3107(b).
Williams, C.J., and Boyle, J., concurred with Cavanagh, J.

 In any event, it is important to remember that defendant has stipulated that plaintiff was disabled as a result of the car accident at the time of his heart attack. Defendant has also stipulated as to the length of plaintiff’s accident-related disability. Thus, concerns for plaintiffs continuing physical condition and the requirements of § 3151 are not material to these facts.

 Defendant also claims that its position is supported by the comments to the corresponding sections of the Uniform Motor Vehicle Accident Reparations Act. See 13 Uniform Laws Annotated 358, 362; 14 Uniform Laws Annotated 41, 53-56. However, we do not read those comments as supporting defendant’s position. In addition, it is important to note: (1) that the corresponding provisions of the uniform act are not identical to the sections of the no-fault act with which we are concerned, and (2) that this Court is interpreting state statutes enacted by the state Legislature, not the uniform act as adopted by its drafters. Accordingly, we would, as we must, give effect to our Legislature’s intent, not to the intent of the Commissioners on Uniform State Laws.