Court Opinion

ID: 4090172
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-10-18 12:02:11.311845+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:44:54.819277
License: Public Domain

In the United States Court of Federal Claims
                                            BID PROTEST
                                             No. 16-708C
                                   Filed Under Seal October 6, 2016
                                      Reissued October 17, 2016 *
                                      NOT FOR PUBLICATION

                                                  )
    TIKIGAQ CONSTRUCTION, LLC,                    )
                                                  )
                         Plaintiff,               )
                                                  )        28 U.S.C. § 1491(b); Pre-Award
    v.                                            )        Bid Protest; Corrective Action.
                                                  )
    THE UNITED STATES,                            )
                                                  )
                         Defendant,               )
                                                  )
    v.                                            )
                                                  )
    SAMES, INC.,                                  )
                                                  )
                 Intervenor-Defendant.            )
                                                  )

     Robert J. Symon, Counsel of Record, Aron C. Beezley, Of Counsel, Bradley Arant Boult
Cummings LLP, Washington, DC, for plaintiff.
        Adam E. Lyons, Trial Attorney, Scott D. Austin, Assistant Director, Robert E. Kirschman,
Jr., Director, Benjamin C. Mizer, Principal Deputy Assistant Attorney General, Commercial
Litigation Branch, Civil Division, United States Department of Justice, Washington, DC, Carl
Vernetti, Attorney (Trade and Finance), United States Customs and Border Protection,
Washington, DC, for defendant.
      Katherine S. Nucci, Counsel of Record, Scott F. Lane, Of Counsel, Thompson Coburn
LLP, Washington, DC, for defendant-intervenor.

*
  This Memorandum Opinion and Remand Order was originally filed under seal on October 6, 2016
(docket entry no. 45), pursuant to the Protective Order entered in this action on June 21, 2016 (docket
entry no. 14). The parties were given an opportunity to advise the Court of their views with respect to
what information, if any, should be redacted under the terms of the Protective Order. The parties filed a
joint status report on October 17, 2016 notifying the Court that they do not believe any information
should be redacted (docket entry no. 46). And so, the Court is reissuing its Memorandum Opinion and
Remand Order dated October 6, 2016 without redactions.
                    MEMORANDUM OPINION AND REMAND ORDER

GRIGGSBY, Judge

I.     INTRODUCTION

       Plaintiff, Tikigaq Construction, LLC (“Tikigaq”), brought this pre-award bid protest
matter challenging the United States Customs and Border Protection’s (“CBP”) proposed
corrective action to address alleged evaluation errors in connection with a request for proposals
to provide construction maintenance and repair services for a portion of the border fence located
along the border between the United States and Mexico. Tikigaq has moved for judgment upon
the administrative record, pursuant to Rule 52.1 of the Rules of the United States Court of
Federal Claims (“RCFC”). The government and the defendant-intervenor, SAMES, Inc.
(“SAMES”), have also moved for judgment upon the administrative record pursuant to RCFC
52.1. In addition, Tikigaq has moved to supplement the administrative record, pursuant to RCFC
52.1. For the reasons set forth below, the Court: (1) GRANTS-IN-PART Tikigaq’s motion for
judgment upon the administrative record; (2) DENIES the government’s cross-motion for
judgment upon the administrative record; (3) DENIES SAMES’s cross-motion for judgment
upon the administrative record; and (4) DENIES, as moot, Tikigaq’s motion to supplement the
administrative record.

II.    FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND 1

       A. Factual Background

       In this pre-award bid protest matter Tikigaq challenges the CBP’s proposed corrective
action to address alleged errors in the evaluation of proposals in connection with a request for
proposals to provide construction maintenance and repair services for a portion of the border
fence located along the border between the United States and Mexico (“RFP”). See generally
Compl.; AR at 117-213. The RFP contemplates award of a cost-plus-fixed fee contract. AR at
126.

1
  The facts recited in this Memorandum Opinion and Order are taken from the complaint (“Compl.”); the
administrative record (“AR”); Tikigaq’s memorandum in support of its motion for judgment upon the
administrative record (“Pl. Mem.”); the government’s motion for judgment upon the administrative record
(“Def. Mot.”); SAMES’s motion for judgment upon the administrative record (“Int. Mot.”); and Tikigaq’s
reply to the government’s and SAMES’s motions for judgment on the administrative record (“Pl. Reply”).
                                                  2
               1.      The Request For Proposals

       In 2014, the CBP issued the RFP for maintenance and repair support along the border
between the United States and Mexico. Id. at 117, 128-29. The RFP limited the competition to
small business concerns certified under the United States Small Business Administration’s
(“SBA”) 8(a) program. Id. at 172.

       Under the terms of the RFP, each responsive proposal was required to set forth
“individual work elements and projects.” Id. at 143, 202. The RFP provides that “[w]ork
elements and projects shall describe a discrete set of work items . . . and the detailed estimated
cost by work activity.” Id. at 143, 202. The RFP also specifies that “[e]ach offeror’s proposal
submitted in response to this solicitation shall be prepared in two volumes: Volume I – Technical
Proposal and Volume II – Cost/Price Proposal.” Id. at 196.

       The RFP also requires that each offeror submit “information that is required to evaluate
the reasonableness of the offeror’s proposed cost/price.” Id. at 203. In addition, the RFP
provides that “failure to comply may result in rejection of the offeror’s proposal.” Id. (“All
information relating to the proposed cost/price, including all required supporting documentation
must be included in the section of the proposal designated as the Cost/Price Volume.”). With
respect to the submission of cost and price data, the RFP provides that:

       Along with the summary schedule [of labor, hours, and cost], the offeror is
       required to provide full back-up documentation for each work category . . .
       [which] shall include detailed cost/price amounts of all resources required to
       accomplish each work requirement . . . . The offeror shall also provide supporting
       cost/price documentation, in the same format as specified in this section, for each
       subcontractor. Subcontractors should submit proprietary data directly to the CO
       [(contracting officer)] in a separate, sealed envelope.

Id. at 204-05, 236-361. In addition, the RFP provides that “[t]he offeror must respond to all of
the requirements of the solicitation, and must include in his proposal all information specifically
required in all sections of the solicitation.” Id. at 207. Lastly, the RFP provides that “[t]he
offeror is not granted an exception from the requirement to submit cost or pricing data unless
otherwise notified by the Government.” Id.

               2.      Tikigaq’s Proposal

                                                  3
       On January 9, 2015, the CBP received three proposals in response to the RFP, including
proposals from Tikigaq and SAMES. Id. at 1608, 1617-2077. In its proposal, Tikigaq proposed
Primus Solutions, Inc. (“Primus”) as one of its subcontractors. Id. at 1619. Primus separately
submitted its cost/price information in accordance with Tikigaq’s proposal to the CBP on
January 9, 2015. Id. at 1510-43.

       After a third contractor withdrew from competition, the CBP held discussions with
Tikigaq and SAMES on May 21, 2015. Id. at 1608. On the same day, the CBP requested Final
Proposal Revisions (“FPRs”) from Tikigaq and SAMES. Id. at 1608, 2204.

       On June 1, 2015, Tikigaq’s representative, Mr. James Daniel, wrote to the CBP’s contract
specialist, Mr. Troy Brooks, asking, among other things, whether Tikigaq was required to
“resubmit both Volumes I and II in their entirety or do we only resubmit the Cost volume and the
Revised Cost Template?” AR at 2208-09. In response, Mr. Brooks wrote, “please submit both
Volumes I and II in their entirety along with the Revised Cost Template.” Id. at 2208.

       On June 4, 2015, SAMES and Tikigaq each timely submitted a FPR. Id. at 600-1131,
1398, 1608. Tikigaq’s FPR included Volumes I and II, along with the revised cost template. Id.
at 992-1131.50. But, Tikigaq did not resubmit Primus’ cost/price information with its FPR. Id.
In addition, Primus did not submit any cost data directly to the CBP in connection with the final
proposal. Compl. at 12.

       On September 23, 2015, the CBP awarded the subject contract to SAMES. AR at 1398,
2210-85. Prior to making the award to SAMES, the CBP determined that Tikigaq’s proposal
provided the best value to the government. Id. at 1367, 1377, 1391. But the agency
subsequently deemed Tikigaq ineligible for award, because Tikigaq’s business plan had not been
filed with the SBA’s Lower Rio Grande Valley District Office. Id. at 1399; see 48 CFR 52.219-
18.

               3.     Tikigaq’s GAO Protest And The CBP’s First Corrective Action

       Following the award of the contract to SAMES, Tikigaq protested the award before the
Government Accountability Office (“GAO”) on October 5, 2015. Id. at 1392. Specifically,
Tikigaq protested: (1) the SBA’s “determination that Tikigaq is ineligible to receive the contract
award;” and (2) the agency’s decision to accept the SBA’s determination and to award the

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contract to SAMES. Id. at 1392. As relief, Tikigaq requested that either it be awarded the
contract, or that the GAO direct the CBP to reevaluate proposals in accordance with the RFP. Id.
at 1397.

       On October 26, 2015, the CBP gave notice of its intention to take corrective action in
response to Tikigaq’s protest. Id. at 1412. The CBP subsequently undertook corrective action
by obtaining a new size determination from the SBA regarding Tikigaq’s eligibility under the
8(a) program. Id. at 1412, 1417, 1419, 1423-24. After the SBA determined that both Tikigaq
and SAMES were eligible for award, the CBP awarded the contract to Tikigaq on March 23,
2016. Id. at 1419, 1427, 1611, 2286-87.

               4.     SAMES’s GAO Protest And The CBP’s Second Corrective Action

       On April 4, 2016, SAMES filed a protest with the GAO challenging the award of the
contract to Tikigaq. Id. at 1427. In this protest, SAMES initially stated four grounds for the
protest: (1) The “CBP’s evaluation of SAMES’[s] technical proposal was unreasonable;” (2)
The “CBP’s [most probable cost] adjustments were unreasonable;” (3) “The CBP’s cost-
technical tradeoff analysis was seriously flawed;” and (4) Tikigaq is ineligible for award under
the requirements of 48 C.F.R 52.219-18. Id. at 1436-46.

       Tikigaq subsequently sought summary dismissal of SAMES’s protest, arguing, among
other things, that SAMES had waived any challenge to the SBA’s 8(a) re-determination by not
challenging the CBP’s decision to undertake corrective action during Tikigaq’s prior bid protest.
Id. at 1466-67. The GAO determined that SAMES had not waived its claim and held that “[t]he
protest includes sufficient factual presentation and argument to warrant further development of
the record.” Id. at 1476. Thereafter, SAMES supplemented its protest to also argue that: (1) the
award to Tikigaq was “improper because its subcontractor’s supporting cost documentation was
not submitted in a timely manner;” and (2) that Tikigaq was ineligible because of its defective
offer guarantee. Id. at 1545. On June 1, 2016, an attorney with the CBP’s Office of Chief
Counsel sent an email to the GAO advising of the “CBP’s intention to perform corrective
action.” Id. at 1607. Specifically, the CBP advised that it “intends to re-evaluate the proposals
of the offerors, including obtaining a new 8(a) eligibility determination from SBA if deemed
necessary, and issue a new award decision.” Id.

                                                  5
       On June 10, 2016, the GAO dismissed SAMES’s protest in light of the CBP’s decision to
undertake corrective action. Id. at 1616.

       This litigation challenging the CBP’s proposed corrective action followed.

       B. Procedural Background

       Tikigaq filed its complaint in this matter on June 17, 2016. See generally Compl. On
that same day, Tikigaq filed a motion for a temporary restraining order and a motion for a
preliminary injunction. See Mot. for TRO; Mot. for PI. Tikigaq also filed a motion for leave to
file the complaint under seal, as well as a motion for a protective order on June 17, 2016. See Pl.
Mot. for Leave; Mot. for Protective Order. On June 20, 2016, SAMES filed a motion to
intervene and answer in this matter. Int. Mot.

       On June 21, 2016, the parties participated in a telephonic status conference. On that
same date, the Court issued a Scheduling Order, granting Tikigaq’s motion for leave to file its
complaint under seal, and a Protective Order. See generally Scheduling Order; Protective Order.

       On June 30, 2016, the government filed the administrative record in this matter, which
the government subsequently corrected on July 13, 2016. See generally AR; Notice of Am. R.
On July 1, 2016, Tikigaq filed a motion to supplement the administrative record. Pl. Mot. to
Suppl. The government and SAMES filed their respective responses and oppositions to
Tikigaq’s motion to supplement on July 8, 2016. Def. Resp. Mot. to Suppl.; Int. Resp. Mot. to
Suppl. On July 11, 2016, Tikigaq filed a reply in support of its motion to supplement the
administrative record. Pl. Reply Mot. to Suppl.

       On July 15, 2016, Tikigaq filed a motion for judgment upon the administrative record and
memorandum in support of its motion. See generally Pl. Mot.; Pl. Mem. On July 29, 2016, the
government and SAMES filed their respective cross-motions for judgment upon the
administrative record and responses to Tikigaq’s motion for judgment upon the administrative
record. See generally Def. Mot; Int. Mot. On August 12, 2016, Tikigaq filed a reply in support
of its motion for judgment upon the administrative record and its response to the cross-motions
filed by the government and SAMES. See generally Pl. Reply. Finally, on August 19, 2016, the
government and SAMES filed their respective reply briefs in support of their cross-motions. See

                                                  6
generally Def. Reply; Int. Reply. These matters having been fully briefed, the Court addresses
the pending motions.

III.    JURISDICTION AND LEGAL STANDARDS

        A. Bid Protest Jurisdiction

        The Tucker Act grants the United States Court of Federal Claims jurisdiction over bid
protests brought by “an interested party objecting to a solicitation by a Federal agency for bids or
proposals for a proposed contract or to a proposed award or the award of a contract or any
alleged violation of statute or regulation in connection with a procurement or a proposed
procurement.” 28 U.S.C. § 1491(b)(1). In bid protest cases, this Court reviews agency actions
under the Administrative Procedure Act’s (“APA”) “arbitrary and capricious” standard. See 28
U.S.C. § 1491(b)(4) (adopting the standard of review set forth in the APA). Under this standard,
an award may be set aside if: “(1) the procurement official’s decision lacked a rational basis; or
(2) the procurement procedure involved a violation of regulation or procedure.” Banknote Corp.
of Am., Inc. v. United States, 365 F.3d 1345, 1351 (Fed. Cir. 2004) (quoting Impresa
Construzioni Geom. Domenico Garufi v. United States, 238 F.3d 1324, 1332 (Fed. Cir. 2001)).

        In this regard, the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit has explained
that:

        When a challenge is brought on the first ground, the test is whether the contracting
        agency provided a coherent and reasonable explanation of its exercise of discretion,
        and the disappointed bidder bears a heavy burden of showing that the award
        decision had no rational basis. When a challenge is brought on the second ground,
        the disappointed bidder must show a clear and prejudicial violation of applicable
        statutes or regulations.

Id. (quotations omitted). In addition, when reviewing an agency’s procurement decision, the
Court should recognize that the agency’s decision is entitled to a “presumption of regularity.”
Citizens to Preserve Overton Park, Inc. v. Volpe, 401 U.S. 402, 415 (1971), overruled on other
grounds by Califano v. Sanders, 430 U.S. 99 (1977). “The [C]ourt should not substitute its
judgment for that of a procuring agency.” Cincom Sys., Inc. v. United States, 37 Fed. Cl. 663,
672 (1997). And so, “[t]he protestor must show, by a preponderance of the evidence, that the
agency’s actions were either without a reasonable basis or in violation of applicable procurement

                                                 7
law.” Info. Tech. & Applics. Corp. v. United States, 51 Fed. Cl. 340, 346 (2001), aff’d, 316 F.3d
1312 (Fed. Cir. 2003).

       The Court’s standard of review “is highly deferential.” Advanced Data Concepts, Inc. v.
United States, 216 F.3d 1054, 1058 (Fed. Cir. 2000). As long as there is “a reasonable basis for
the agency’s action, the court should stay its hand even though it might, as an original
proposition, have reached a different conclusion.” Honeywell, Inc. v. United States, 870 F.2d
644, 648 (Fed. Cir. 1989) (citation omitted). But, if “the agency ‘entirely fail[s] to consider an
important aspect of the problem [or] offer[s] an explanation for its decision that runs counter to
the evidence before the agency,’” then the resulting action lacks a rational basis and, therefore, is
defined as “arbitrary and capricious.” Ala. Aircraft Indus., Inc.-Birmingham v. United States,
586 F.3d 1372, 1375 (Fed. Cir. 2009) (quoting Motor Vehicle Mfrs. Ass’n v. State Farm Mut.
Auto. Ins. Co., 463 U.S. 29, 43 (1983)).

       This Court has also recognized that “[p]rocurement officials are entitled to exercise
discretion upon a broad range of issues confronting them in the procurement process.” Raytheon
Co. v. United States, 121 Fed. Cl. 135, 150-51 (2015) (quoting Impresa, 238 F.3d at 1332
(internal quotation marks omitted)). “The court is not empowered to substitute its judgment for
that of the agency.” Citizens to Preserve Overton Park, Inc., 401 U.S. at 416 (1971).
“Accordingly, the test for reviewing courts is to determine whether the contracting agency
provided a coherent and reasonable explanation of its exercise of discretion, and the disappointed
bidder bears a heavy burden of showing that the award decision had no rational basis.” Impresa,
238 F.3d at 1332–33 (citation and internal quotation marks omitted); accord Advanced Data
Concepts, 216 F.3d at 1058 (“The arbitrary and capricious standard . . . requires a reviewing
court to sustain an agency action evincing rational reasoning and consideration of relevant
factors.”). “In determining ‘whether the contracting agency provided a coherent and reasonable
explanation’ of its decision, a court may only consider the grounds for the decision articulated by
the agency.” Raytheon, 121 Fed Cl. at 151 (quoting Impresa, 238 F.3d at 1332–33) (internal
quotation marks omitted); see also Burlington Truck Lines, Inc. v. United States, 371 U.S. 156,
168–69 (1962); SEC v. Chenery Corp., 332 U.S. 194, 196 (1947). And so, the Court cannot
“supply a reasoned basis for the agency's action that the agency itself has not given . . . . ”
Bowman Transp., Inc., 419 U.S. at 285–86. But, the Court can “uphold a decision of less than

                                                  8
ideal clarity if the agency's path may reasonably be discerned.” Id. at 286 (citing Colo. Interstate
Gas Co. v. Fed. Power Comm’n, 324 U.S. 581, 595, 65 S. Ct. 829, 836, 89 L. Ed. 1206 (1945)).

       B. Corrective Action

       The Court generally treats a challenge to an agency’s corrective action involving the
withdrawal of a contract award and the reopening of the competition as a pre-award bid protest
matter. See Sys. Applic. & Techs., Inc. v. United States, 691 F.3d 1374, 1382 (Fed. Cir. 2012).
In addition, when applying the standard of review discussed above to an agency's corrective
action, contracting officers are provided “broad discretion to take corrective action where the
agency determines that such action is necessary to ensure fair and impartial competition.” DGS
Contract Serv., Inc. v. United States, 43 Fed. Cl. 227, 238 (1999) (citation omitted); Amazon
Web Servs., Inc. v. United States, 113 Fed. Cl. 102, 115 (2013).

       Nonetheless, an agency’s corrective action must be “reasonable under the circumstances
and appropriate to remedy the impropriety.” Amazon Web. Serv., 113 Fed. Cl. at 115 (quoting
Reema Consulting Servs., Inc. v. United States, 107 Fed. Cl. 519, 527 (2012)); see also Centech
Grp., Inc. v. United States, 78 Fed. Cl. 496, 506 (2007) (citing Chapman Law Firm Co. v.
Greenleaf Const. Co., 490 F.3d 934, 938 (Fed. Cir. 2007)); Sheridan Corp. v. United States, 95
Fed. Cl. 141, 151 (2010) (“[T]he agency’s corrective action must be rationally related to the
defect to be corrected.”) (citation omitted); WHR Grp., Inc. v. United States, 115 Fed. Cl. 386,
405 (2014) (“The requirement that corrective action be ‘targeted’ or ‘rationally related’ to an
existing defect in the initial procurement is essential to the integrity of the procurement
system.”); but see Sierra Nevada Corp. v. United States, 107 Fed. Cl. 735, 750-51
(2012)(holding that the corrective action need not always (“‘target the identified defect.’”
(quoting Sheridan, 95 Fed. Cl. at 153))). To be reasonable, the agency's corrective action must
be rationally related to the defect to be corrected. MCII Generator & Elec., No. 02-85C, 2002
WL 32126244 at *1. And so, the Court will enjoin an agency from implementing corrective
action if the corrective action is unreasonable or if the corrective action fails to remedy the
impropriety. Id.

         In addition, as the Court explained in Raytheon, “[t]here can be no dispute that in a bid
protest, the focal point of the Court's review of a procuring agency's decision is the
administrative record.” 121 Fed. Cl. at 152-153; see also Camp v. Pitts, 411 U.S. 138, 142 (per

                                                  9
curiam); Axiom Res. Mgmt., Inc. v. United States, 564 F.3d 1374, 1381 (Fed. Cir. 2009). And
so, the agency’s corrective action must be supported by the evidence in the administrative record.
Raytheon, 121 Fed. Cl. at 152-53.

       C. Judgment Upon The Administrative Record

       RCFC 52.1 limits the Court’s review of an agency’s procurement decision to the
administrative record. Cf. Axiom Res. Mgmt., Inc., 564 F.3d at 1379 (“‘[T]he focal point for
judicial review should be the administrative record already in existence . . . . ’” (quoting Camp,
411 U.S. at 142)). And so, unlike a summary judgment motion brought pursuant to RCFC 56,
the existence of genuine issues of material fact does not preclude judgment upon the
administrative record under RCFC 52.1. See RCFC 56; Tech. Sys., Inc. v. United States, 98 Fed.
Cl. 228, 242 (2011). Rather, the Court’s inquiry is whether, “given all the disputed and
undisputed facts, a party has met its burden of proof based on the evidence in the record.” A&D
Fire Prot., Inc. v. United States, 72 Fed. Cl. 126, 131 (2006) (citing Bannum, Inc. v. United
States, 404 F.3d 1346, 1356 (Fed. Cir. 2005)).

       In addition, when deciding a bid protest matter, the Court “may award any relief that [it]
considers proper, including declaratory and injunctive relief.” 28 U.S.C. § 1491(b)(2); see also
Centech Grp., Inc. v. United States, 554 F.3d 1029, 1036-37. But, a plaintiff must show an
entitlement to injunctive relief by clear and convincing evidence to prevail upon a request for
such relief. CSE Constr. Co., Inc. v. United States, 58 Fed. Cl. 230, 261 (2003). In considering
whether to issue a permanent injunction, the Court looks to: (1) whether the plaintiff succeeded
on the merits; (2) whether the plaintiff will suffer irreparable harm in the absence of injunctive
relief; (3) whether the balance of hardships to the parties favors granting injunctive relief; “and
(4) whether it is in the public interest to grant injunctive relief.” CW Gov’t Travel, Inc. v. United
States, 163 F. App’x 853, 857 (Fed. Cir. 2005)(citing PGBA, LLC v. United States, 389 F.3d
1219, 1228-29 (Fed. Cir. 2004). And so, a “plaintiff that has not actually succeeded [upon] the
merits of its claim cannot prevail [upon a] motion for injunctive relief.” Argencord Mach. &
Equip., Inc. v. United States, 68 Fed. Cl. 167, 176 (2005).

       D. Supplementing The Administrative Record

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       Lastly, the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit held in Axiom Resource
Management, that the “parties’ ability to supplement the administrative record is limited” and
that the administrative record should only be supplemented “if the existing record is insufficient
to permit meaningful review consistent with the APA.” 564 F.3d at 1379-81; see also Caddell
Constr. Co., Inc. v. United States, 111 Fed. Cl. 49, 93 (2013). In Axiom, the Federal Circuit cited
to the Supreme Court’s decision in Camp v. Pitts, which stated that “the focal point for judicial
review should be the administrative record already in existence, not some new record made
initially in the reviewing court.” 564 F.3d at 1379 (quoting Camp, 411 U.S. at 142). This focus
is maintained in order to prevent courts from using new evidence to “convert the arbitrary and
capricious standard into effectively de novo review.” L-3 Commc’ns EOTech, Inc. v. United
States, 87 Fed. Cl. 656, 671 (2009) (citations omitted). This Court has interpreted the Federal
Circuit’s directive in Axiom to mean that supplementation of the administrative record is
permitted to correct mistakes and fill gaps, but is not permitted when the documents proffered
are unnecessary for an effective review of the government’s procurement decision. Id. at 672.
And so, this Court has precluded supplementation of the administrative record with declarations
that contain “post-hoc contentions of fact and argument.” Id.

IV.    LEGAL ANALYSIS

       A. The Administrative Record Does Not Support The Proposed Corrective Action

       The administrative record in this case does not support the CBP’s proposed corrective
action. In this regard, the administrative record demonstrates that, on June 1, 2016, the CBP sent
an email to the GAO advising of its intention to perform corrective action to address the issues
raised in SAMES’s bid protests. AR at 1607. The CBP states in this email that the agency
“intends to re-evaluate the proposals of the offerors, including obtaining a new 8(a) eligibility
determination from SBA if deemed necessary, and issue a new award decision.” Id. But, the
CBP’s notice of corrective action does not state what specific defects in the procurement the
CBP intends to address in its proposed corrective action. Id. Nor does the CBP explain how the
proposed corrective action will address or resolve these deficiencies. Id.

       Without evidence in the record explaining why the CBP intends to take the corrective
action -- or any explanation in the administrative record of which specific defects the corrective
action is intended to address -- the Court cannot determine whether a rational basis exists for the

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CBP’s proposed corrective action in this case. The government correctly argues in its briefs that
it is not necessary for the CBP to formally set forth the reasons for its decision to take corrective
action and that the Court can uphold a decision of less than ideal clarity if the agency’s path may
reasonably be discerned. Bowman Transp., Inc., 419 U.S. at 285–86. But, the CBP’s path
simply cannot be reasonably discerned here. Id.; see also Colo. Interstate Gas Co., 324 U.S. at
595 (finding, in challenge to agency ratemaking, the record is sufficient unless the basis for the
ratemaking is “so vague and obscure as to make the judicial review contemplated by the Act a
perfunctory process.”) (citations omitted). Rather, the administrative record does not indicate
which of the specific deficiencies raised in SAMES’s protest before the GAO are to be addressed
by the CBP’s proposed corrective action. AR at 1607.

        In this regard, SAMES raised six different objections to the agency’s decision to award
 the contract to Tikigaq in its GAO bid protest and supplemental protest: (1) The “CBP’s
 evaluation of SAMES’[s] technical proposal was unreasonable;” (2) The “CBP’s [most
 probable cost] adjustments were unreasonable;’” (3) “The CBP’s cost-technical tradeoff
 analysis was seriously flawed;” (4) Tikigaq is ineligible for award under the requirements of
 48 C.F.R 52.219-18; (5) the award to Tikigaq was “improper because its subcontractor’s
 supporting cost documentation was not submitted in a timely manner;” and (6) Tikigaq was
 ineligible because of its defective offer guarantee. Id. at 1436-46, 1545. The agency’s notice
 of corrective action does not mention any of these grounds. Id. at 1607. Nor does the
 administrative record demonstrate how the proposed corrective action will resolve the
 acknowledged deficiencies with the evaluation of the proposals for the subject contract. Id.

        In addition, especially troubling to the Court is the fact that the CBP’s notice of
 corrective action does not indicate whether the agency’s corrective action will address a key
 allegation raised by SAMES in its bid protest−that Tikigaq is ineligible for award of the
 contract because Tikigaq failed to resubmit its subcontractor’s cost/price data with its Final
 Proposal Revisions. And so, based upon a review of the administrative record, it is not clear to
 the Court what matters the CBP intends to address by its proposed corrective action, nor is it
 clear to the Court how the agency plans to resolve these concerns.

       B. A Remand Of This Matter Is Appropriate

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       Given the lack of information in the administrative record to explain or support the
CBP’s proposed corrective action, a remand of this matter to the agency to clarify and explain its
proposed corrective action is appropriate.

       The Tucker Act gives this Court the authority “to remand appropriate matters to any
administrative or executive body or official with such direction as it may deem proper and just,”
and RCFC 52.2 sets forth the procedural framework that governs the remand process. 28 USC
§1491(a)(2); RCFC 52.2; see Santiago v. United States, 71 Fed. Cl. 220 (2006) (denying the
government’s motions for partial dismissal and for judgment upon the administrative record,
granting in part plaintiffs’ cross-motion for judgment upon the administrative record, and
remanding the case to the Secretary of the Army for further proceedings).

       In this regard, RCFC 52.2 provides that, “[i]n any case within its jurisdiction, the court,
on motion or on its own, may order the remand of appropriate matters to an administrative or
executive body or official.” RCFC 52.2. Specifically, RCFC 52.2 states that such a court order
must direct parties as the Court deems proper and just; establish the duration of the remand of a
period of up to six months; specify whether court proceedings will be stayed during the remand
period; and ask a party to report to the Court at least every 90 days regarding the status of the
remand proceedings. Id. A certified copy of the order must also be served on each party, as well
as “the administrative or executive body or official to whom the order is directed.” Id.

       Because the administrative record here is devoid of any evidence to explain the basis for
the CBP’s decision to take corrective action, a remand of this matter to the agency is needed so
that the CBP can conduct an analysis to support its decision to take corrective action. Cf.
Macaulay-Brown, Inc. v. United States, 125 Fed. Cl. 591, 605 (2016). And so, the Court
remands this matter to the CBP to allow the agency to determine which specific evaluation
criteria it seeks to address pursuant to the agency’s proposed corrective action and, specifically,
to determine whether and how the corrective action will address the fact that Tikigaq did not
submit its subcontractor’s cost/price data with the final proposal. RCFC 52.2.

       C. The Court Denies As Moot Tikigaq’s Motion To Supplement

       As a final matter, Tikigaq has also moved to supplement the administrative record with
the Declaration of Stephen Christensen, a copy of Mr. Christensen’s handwritten notes

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memorializing a May 28, 2015 telephone conversation with Troy Brooks and certain other
communications. Mot. to Suppl. Because the Court finds that a remand of this matter to the
CBP is appropriate, the Court denies Tikigaq’s motion to supplement as moot.

V.     CONCLUSION

       In sum, the administrative record in this matter clearly demonstrates that the CBP's
proposed corrective action in this case is not supported, or even explained, by the current record
evidence. Given this, the Court cannot ascertain a rational basis for the agency’s proposed
corrective action. And so, a remand of this matter to the CBP is warranted.

       And so, for the foregoing reasons, the Court:

       1. GRANTS-IN-PART Tikigaq’s motion for judgment upon the administrative record;
       2. DENIES the government's cross-motion for judgment upon the administrative record;
       3. DENIES SAMES’s cross-motion for judgment upon the administrative record; and
       4. DENIES, as moot, Tikigaq’s motion to supplement the administrative record.

       It is ORDERED that, pursuant to RCFC 52.2, this matter is REMANDED to the CBP
until January 6, 2017 to allow the agency to consider and identify the specific evaluation criteria
for the subject solicitation that it seeks to address pursuant to the agency’s proposed corrective
action and, specifically, whether and how the proposed corrective action will address the fact that
Tikigaq did not submit its subcontractor’s cost/price data with its Final Proposal Revisions.

       It is further ORDERED that this matter shall be STAYED during the remand before the
CBP.

       It is further ORDERED, that the parties shall FILE a joint status report on or before
November 7, 2016, and every 30 days thereafter, regarding the status of the remand proceedings.

       If is further ORDERED that, pursuant to RCFC 52.2(e), on or before January 6, 2017
either the CBP shall forward to the Clerk two copies of the decision or a statement of the action
taken in response to this Remand Order, or, if the case is resolved at the administrative level,
Tikigaq shall file a motion to dismiss the case with prejudice.

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       In addition, it is further ORDERED that, in accordance with RCFC 52.2(f), no more than
30 days after the filing of the CPB’s decision or statement of the action taken on remand, the
parties shall each FILE a notice stating their respective views on:

       1. Whether the CPB’s decision or other action on remand provides a basis for
           disposition of this case; or
       2. Whether further proceedings are required and, if so, a description of those
           proceedings.

RCFC 52.2(f).

       Lastly, some of the information contained in this Memorandum Opinion and Order may
be considered protected information subject to the Protective Order entered in this matter on June
21, 2016. This Memorandum Opinion and Order shall therefore be filed UNDER SEAL. The
parties shall review the Memorandum Opinion and Order to determine whether, in their view,
any information should be redacted in accordance with the terms of the Protective Order prior to
publication.

       And so, it is further ORDERED that the parties shall FILE a joint status report, on or
before October 27, 2016, identifying the information, if any, that they contend should be
redacted in this Memorandum Opinion and Remand Order, together with an explanation of the
basis for each proposed redaction.

       The Clerk is directed to serve a certified copy of the remand order on each party and the
CBP in accordance with RCFC 5.

       IT IS SO ORDERED.

                                                  s/ Lydia Kay Griggsby
                                                  LYDIA KAY GRIGGSBY
                                                  Judge

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