Court Opinion

ID: 4244393
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-02-12 19:28:02.520421+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T09:23:59.105034
License: Public Domain

J-S68017-17

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA              :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                          :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                          :
              v.                          :
                                          :
                                          :
CODY VAUGHN HAMMAKER,                     :
                                          :
                      Appellant           :   No. 261 MDA 2017

     Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered January 10, 2017
            In the Court of Common Pleas of Lycoming County
          Criminal Division at No(s): CP-41-CR-0000056-2011,
                         CP-41-CR-0000733-2011

BEFORE: LAZARUS, J., DUBOW, J., and STRASSBURGER, J.*

MEMORANDUM BY DUBOW, J.:                        FILED FEBRUARY 12, 2018

     Appellant, Cody Vaughn Hammaker, appeals from the Judgment of

Sentence entered following the revocation of his probation.      On appeal,

Appellant challenges the discretionary aspects of his sentence, arguing that,

in imposing an aggregate term of five to fifteen years’ imprisonment, the

violation of probation (“VOP”) court imposed an excessive and unreasonable

sentence. Appellant’s counsel filed a Petition to Withdraw as Counsel and a

Brief pursuant to Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738 (1967), as elucidated

by our Supreme Court in Commonwealth v. McClendon, 434 A.2d 1185

(Pa. 1981), and amended in Commonwealth v. Santiago, 978 A.2d 349

(Pa. 2009).        Upon review, we find that Appellant’s claim is frivolous.

Accordingly, we affirm his Judgment of Sentence and grant counsel’s Petition

to Withdraw.

____________________________________
* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
J-S68017-17

        On February 22, 2011, Appellant entered a guilty plea at docket No.

CP-41-CR-0000056-2011 to, inter alia, one count of Corruption of Minors.1

On May 26, 2011, the trial court imposed an aggregate sentence of 5 years’

probation.

        On June 13, 2011, Appellant entered a guilty plea at docket No. CP-

41-CR-0000733-2011 to two counts of Criminal Mischief.2       The trial court

imposed an aggregate term of 2 years’ state intermediate punishment, with

the first thirty days in confinement, followed by a consecutive term of two

years’ probation, all to run consecutive to the sentence at docket No. CP-41-

CR-0000056-2011.

        While serving his probationary sentence under the trial court’s

supervision, Appellant absconded twice, escaped once, committed new

criminal offenses on four separate occasions, and committed at least two

technical violations of his supervision, resulting in four revocations.     See

VOP Court Opinion, filed 6/22/17, at 1-4; VOP Order, filed 1/10/17, at 1.

        Relevant to the instant appeal, while serving a sentence of state

intermediate punishment, the state intermediate punishment program

expelled Appellant after he was convicted of two new criminal offenses. On

____________________________________________

1   18 Pa.C.S. § 6301.

2   18 Pa.C.S. § 3304(a)(2).

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January 10, 2017, the trial court, sitting as the VOP court, conducted a VOP

hearing and revoked Appellant’s state intermediate punishment.

      On January 26, 2017, Appellant filed a Motion to Reconsider Nunc Pro

Tunc, in which he challenged the discretionary aspects of his sentence. The

VOP court summarily denied the Motion on January 31, 2017.         Appellant

filed a timely Notice of Appeal.

      On August 10, 2017, counsel for Appellant filed an Anders Brief and a

Petition to Withdraw as Counsel.     Counsel also filed a copy of a letter

addressed to Appellant informing Appellant of counsel’s Petition to Withdraw

and his right to retain new counsel or proceed pro se. Appellant did not file

a response.

      In her Anders Brief, counsel raised two issues:

      [1.] Whether an application to withdraw as counsel [s]hould be
      granted where counsel has investigated the possible grounds for
      appeal and finds the appeal frivolous[?]

      [2.] Whether the lower court abused its discretion by imposing a
      manifestly harsh and excessive sentence[?]

Anders Brief at 6.

      As Appellant’s counsel has filed an Anders Brief, we must consider her

request to withdraw as counsel prior to reviewing the merits of Appellant’s

claims. Commonwealth v. Daniels, 999 A.2d 590, 593 (Pa. Super. 2010).

Counsel has complied with the mandated procedure for withdrawing as

counsel.   See Commonwealth v. Santiago, supra at 361 (articulating

Anders requirements); Daniels, supra at 594 (providing that counsel must

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inform client by letter of rights to proceed once counsel moves to withdraw

and append a copy of the letter to the petition).

      As a result, we proceed to conduct an independent review to ascertain

if the appeal is indeed wholly frivolous. Commonwealth v. Flowers, 113

A.3d 1246, 1249 (Pa. Super. 2015).

      Appellant challenges the discretionary aspects of his sentence.     A

challenge to the discretionary aspects of sentencing is not automatically

reviewable as a matter of right.     Commonwealth v. Hunter, 768 A.2d

1136, 1144 (Pa. Super. 2001).          Prior to reaching the merits of a

discretionary sentencing issue:

         We conduct a four part analysis to determine: (1) whether
         appellant has filed a timely notice of appeal, see Pa.R.A.P.
         902 and 903; (2) whether the issue was properly
         preserved at sentencing or in a motion to reconsider and
         modify sentence, see [Pa.R.Crim.P. 720]; (3) whether
         appellant’s brief has a fatal defect, Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f); and
         (4) whether there is a substantial question that the
         sentence appealed from is not appropriate under the
         Sentencing Code, 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9781(b).

Commonwealth v. Evans, 901 A.2d 528, 533 (Pa. Super. 2006) (citations

omitted).

      In the instant case, Appellant did not properly preserve this issue at

sentencing or in a timely Motion to Reconsider. At sentencing, Appellant did

not challenge his sentence as harsh or excessive. See N.T., 1/10/17, at 2-

18. After the VOP hearing and sentencing, Appellant sought permission to

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file a Motion to Reconsider Nunc Pro Tunc more than two weeks after his

sentencing, which the VOP court summarily denied.3         See Pa.R.Crim.P.

720(A)(1) (“[A] written post-sentence motion shall be filed no later than 10

days after imposition of sentence.”); Commonwealth v. Dreves, 839 A.2d

1122, 1128-29 (Pa. Super. 2003) (en banc) (“To be entitled to file a post-

sentence motion nunc pro tunc, a defendant must, within 30 days after the

imposition of sentence, demonstrate sufficient cause . . . If the trial court

chooses to permit a defendant to file a post-sentence motion nunc pro tunc,

the court must do so expressly. . . . The request for nunc pro tunc relief is

separate and distinct from the merits of the underlying post-sentence

motion.”).

       Even assuming Appellant had preserved his claim, Appellant’s claim

does not present a “substantial question” for review. An appellant raises a

“substantial question” when he “sets forth a plausible argument that the

sentence violates a provision of the sentencing code or is contrary to the

fundamental norms of the sentencing process.”           Commonwealth v.

Crump, 995 A.2d 1280, 1282 (Pa. Super. 2010) (citation omitted).

____________________________________________

3 We also note that Appellant did not include a Statement of Reasons Relied
Upon for Allowance of Appeal pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f) (“Rule 2119(f)
Statement”) in the Anders Brief. However, this Court may ignore such a
defect in cases where counsel seeks permission to withdraw.            See
Commonwealth v. Zeigler, 112 A.3d 656, 661 (Pa. Super. 2015) (“Where
counsel files an Anders brief, this Court has reviewed the matter even
absent a separate Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f) statement.”).

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       Here, Appellant avers that the VOP court imposed a “manifestly harsh

and excessive sentence” and failed to adequately consider various mitigating

factors, such as his contention “that he has changed during his time in

prison.” Anders Brief at 13. An argument that the sentencing court failed

to adequately consider mitigating factors in favor of a lesser sentence does

not   present      a   substantial     question   appropriate   for   our   review.

Commonwealth v. Miklos, 159 A.3d 962, 970 (Pa. Super. 2017), appeal

denied, 170 A.3d 1042 (Pa. 2017); see also Commonwealth v. Williams,

562 A.2d 1385, 1388 (Pa. Super. 1989) (en banc) (concluding that an

allegation that the sentencing court did not adequately consider various

factors is, in effect, a request that this court substitute its judgment for that

of the lower court in fashioning a defendant’s sentence).

       Appellant recognizes that his VOP sentences “were not in excess of the

maximum sentence allowed by statute, nor were they outside the sentencing

guideline range.” Anders Brief at 13-14.4 Moreover, we note that Appellant

does not allege that the court miscalculated his prior record score, that his

sentence is outside the statutory maximum, or that it is contrary to the

fundamental norms underlying the sentencing process.                  Neither does

____________________________________________

4 We recognize that the sentencing guidelines do not apply to a revocation
sentence. See 204 Pa. Code § 303.1(b); Commonwealth v. Pasture, 107
A.3d 21, 27 (Pa. 2014).

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Appellant point to any specific provision of the Sentencing Code that the

sentencing court ostensibly violated.

      It is clear from our precedent that Appellant has failed to raise a

substantial question with respect to his excessiveness argument. See, e.g.,

Commonwealth v. Griffin, 65 A.3d 932, 936-37 (Pa. Super. 2013) (claim

that the trial court failed to consider defendant’s rehabilitative needs in

imposing standard-range sentences did not raise a substantial question);

Commonwealth v. Coolbaugh, 770 A.2d 788, 792-93 (Pa. Super. 2001)

(finding no substantial question raised where sentence was within statutory

guidelines and defendant alleged that his probation revocation sentence was

manifestly excessive, inconsistent with sentencing code, deviated from

guidelines without providing adequate reasons, and utilized improper

factors); Commonwealth v. Mobley, 581 A.2d 949, 952 (Pa. Super. 1990)

(claim that sentence failed to take into consideration the defendant's

rehabilitative needs and was manifestly excessive did not raise a substantial

question where sentence was within statutory guidelines and within

sentencing guidelines); Commonwealth v. Coss, 695 A.2d 831, 833-34

(Pa. Super. 1997) (holding that, when the sentence imposed falls within the

statutory recommendation, an appellant’s claim that a sentence is manifestly

excessive fails to raise a substantial question).

      Accordingly, we conclude that Appellant has failed to raise a

substantial question as to the appropriateness of his sentence.    We agree

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with counsel that this claim is wholly frivolous. Further, after conducting our

independent review as required pursuant to Anders, supra, we discern no

non-frivolous issues to be raised on appeal.    We therefore grant counsel’s

Petition to Withdraw and affirm the January 10, 2017 Judgment of Sentence.

      Judgment of Sentence affirmed. Petition to Withdraw granted.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 02/12/2018

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