Court Opinion

ID: 3216408
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-06-23 15:08:10.124038+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:19:16.479932
License: Public Domain

MEMORANDUM DECISION                                             FILED
                                                                 Jun 23 2016, 8:03 am

      Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),                          CLERK
                                                                  Indiana Supreme Court
      this Memorandum Decision shall not be                          Court of Appeals
                                                                       and Tax Court
      regarded as precedent or cited before any
      court except for the purpose of establishing
      the defense of res judicata, collateral
      estoppel, or the law of the case.

      ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT                                   ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
      Michael Griffin                                          Holly L. Lyons
      McCordsville, Indiana                                    Greenfield, Indiana

                                                 IN THE
          COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

      H.F.,                                                    June 23, 2016
      Appellant-Petitioner,                                    Court of Appeals Case No.
                                                               30A01-1601-PO-137
              v.                                               Appeal from the Hancock Superior
                                                               Court
      M.M.,                                                    The Honorable Terry K. Snow,
      Appellee-Respondent.                                     Judge
                                                               The Honorable R. Scott Sirk,
                                                               Commissioner
                                                               Trial Court Cause No.
                                                               30D01-1505-PO-856

      Altice, Judge.

                                               Case Summary

[1]   H.F. sought a protective order against M.M., which was initially denied. H.F.

      sought review of the denial and the matter was set for hearing. When M.M.
      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 30A01-1601-PO-137 | June 23, 2016   Page 1 of 10
      failed to appear at the hearing, an ex parte order of protection was issued.

      M.M. filed a motion for relief from judgment pursuant to Ind. Trial Rule 60(B),

      which the trial court granted. The trial court, however, ordered that the

      protective order remain in effect until a hearing on the merits of the protective

      order could be held. Following a subsequent contested hearing, the trial court

      determined that H.F. did not meet her burden and therefore terminated the

      protective order. H.F. appeals, presenting three issues for our review which we

      revise and restate as:

              1. Was the trial court’s decision to set aside the ex parte
              protective order on grounds that M.M. was not afforded proper
              notice clearly erroneous?

              2. Did the trial court err in terminating the protective order
              previously imposed against M.M.?

[2]   We affirm.

                                       Facts & Procedural History

[3]   H.F. and M.M. were former neighbors and had been friends for a number of

      years before M.M.’s husband, J.M., filed for divorce. After the divorce was

      final, H.F. introduced J.M. to a friend of hers, who would later become J.M.’s

      second wife. Shortly after M.M. found out that H.F. introduced J.M. to

      another woman, H.F. began receiving what she described as threatening text

      messages from M.M..

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 30A01-1601-PO-137 | June 23, 2016   Page 2 of 10
[4]   In May 2013, H.F. received an undated, typed letter in the mailbox1 at her

      home that contained a slew of vulgar statements and profanity and was

      extremely demeaning to H.F. and her family. In May 2015, H.F. received

      another undated, typed profane letter2 in the mailbox that made reference to a

      particular phrase H.F. had used in a conversation the previous night with a

      teacher at a school function. The teacher related the phrase and other contents

      of her conversation with H.F. to M.M., who was also at the school function.

[5]   On May 29, 2015, H.F., pro se, filed a petition seeking a protective order

      against M.M. on grounds that she was a victim of stalking. The trial court

      denied the petition the same day based upon H.F.’s failure to show a

      relationship giving the court authority to issue a protective order. On June 5,

      2015, H.F. filed a petition asking the trial court to reconsider the denial of her

      request, and the trial court set the matter for hearing on July 6, 2015. The Clerk

      of the Court provided for service of notice of the hearing to the address

      identified as M.M.’s current address in the Clerk’s records. On June 22, 2015,

      H.F. filed an amended petition for a protective order in which she identified

      M.M.’s current address, which was different than that contained in the Clerk’s

      records. When M.M. did not appear for the July 6 hearing, the trial court

      issued an ex parte order of protection.

      1
          The letter was not mailed, but rather was placed in her mailbox.
      2
          Again, this letter was not mailed, but rather was placed in her mailbox.

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 30A01-1601-PO-137 | June 23, 2016   Page 3 of 10
[6]   On August 28, 2015, M.M. filed a motion for relief from judgment/order on the

      basis that she had not been served with notice of the July 6 hearing. See Ind.

      Trial Rule 60(B). After a couple of continuances, the trial court held a hearing

      on M.M.’s motion on November 30, 2015. At the end of the hearing, the trial

      court granted M.M.’s motion, but ordered that the protective order remain in

      effect until such time as the parties appeared for a contested hearing on the

      merits of H.F.’s protective order request.

[7]   The trial court held a contested hearing on H.F.’s request for a protective order

      on December 15, 2015. After considering the evidence and the parties’

      arguments, the trial court found that H.F. had not met her burden with respect

      to establishing the stalking requirement for issuance of a protective order. The

      trial court therefore terminated the protective order previously issued. H.F.

      filed the instant appeal on January 14, 2016. Additional facts will be provided

      as necessary.

                                             Discussion & Decision

                                                      T.R. 60(B)

[8]   H.F. argues that the trial court erroneously applied the requirements of Ind.

      Trial Rule 5(B)(1)(a)3 in granting M.M.’s T.R. 60(B) motion to set aside the ex

      3
       T.R. 5(B)(1)(a) provides, in pertinent part, that “[r]efusal to accept an offered or tendered document is a
      waiver of any objection to the sufficiency or adequacy of service of that document.”

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 30A01-1601-PO-137 | June 23, 2016                 Page 4 of 10
       parte protective order based on lack of notice.4 H.F. also argues that because

       the trial court only vaguely referenced “mistake or excusable neglect, or other

       reasons” and never considered whether M.M. had a meritorious defense, its

       decision to set aside the protective order cannot stand.

[9]    We need not address H.F.’s arguments in this regard because we find her

       challenge to the trial court’s decision to set aside the ex parte protective order

       based on lack of notice to be untimely. As our Supreme Court has observed,

       “[a] ruling or order of the court denying or granting relief, in whole or in part,

       by motion under [T.R. 60](B) of this rule shall be deemed a final judgment, and

       an appeal may be taken therefrom as in the case of a judgment.” Front Row

       Motors, LLC v. Jones, 5 N.E.3d 753, 757 (Ind. 2014) (quoting Ind. Trial Rule

       60(C)); see also Ind. Appellate Rule 2(H)(3) (“A judgment is a final judgment if .

       . . it is deemed final under Trial Rule 60(C)”).

[10]   Here, at the end of the November 30 hearing that was set to consider M.M.’s

       T.R. 60(B) motion, the trial court informed the parties that it was granting

       M.M. the relief she sought,5 which was to set aside the ex parte protective order

       4
         H.F. notes that someone wrote “Return to Sender” and “Do Not Forward” on the envelope tendered by
       and returned to the Hancock County Sheriff’s Department, which envelope contained the notice of the July 6
       hearing. H.F. claims that the handwriting “appears to match the handwriting” of M.M. and tendered her
       own testimony as well as J.M.’s testimony that they each recognized the handwriting on the envelope to be
       M.M.’s. Appellant’s Brief at 7. H.F. contends that such evidence demonstrates that M.M. “refused” the
       tendered service and thus, cannot now challenge the sufficiency or adequacy of service. See T.R. 5(B)(1)(a).
       M.M. maintains that she did not receive service of notice of the hearing and points out that the notice was
       mailed to a previous address.
       5
           An entry was also made in the chronological case summary.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 30A01-1601-PO-137 | June 23, 2016             Page 5 of 10
       and give her an opportunity to be heard. The court then set a hearing to

       consider the merits of H.F.’s request for a protective order, with the caveat that

       the protective order would remain in place until such time. Pursuant to T.R.

       60(C) and App. R. 2(H)(3), the trial court’s ruling in this regard was deemed a

       final judgment thereby triggering the time for appeal. See Hays v. Hays, 49

       N.E.3d 1030, 1036 n.1 (Ind. Ct. App. 2016); Rainbow Cmty., Inc. v. Town of

       Burns Harbor, 880 N.E.2d 1254, 1262 (Ind. Ct. App. 2008). H.F., however, did

       not initiate an appeal challenging the trial court’s grant of M.M.’s requested

       relief.

[11]   To the extent the record is not explicit as to the trial court’s decision to set aside

       the ex parte protective order given that the trial court left the protective order in

       effect, we observe that the court clearly stated it was granting M.M.’s requested

       relief, which was to have a hearing on the merits of the protective order.

       Implicit in the court’s ruling is that it was granting the motion to set aside.

       Further, at the start of the subsequent hearing on December 15, 2015, the trial

       court expressly noted it had granted M.M.’s motion to set aside the ex parte

       protective order, and H.F. did not object. Rather, H.F. proceeded by presenting

       evidence in support of her petition for a protective order.

[12]   It was only after the trial court determined that H.F had not met her burden and

       thus, terminated the protective order, that H.F. initiated this appeal on January

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 30A01-1601-PO-137 | June 23, 2016   Page 6 of 10
       14, 2016. This was more than thirty days6 after the November 30 hearing

       during which the trial court granted M.M. the relief she requested in her motion

       to set aside the ex parte protective order. We therefore conclude that H.F.’s

       arguments relating to the trial court’s decision to set aside the ex parte

       protective order on the ground that M.M. was not afforded notice of the July 6,

       2015 hearing are untimely and therefore waived.

[13]   Waiver notwithstanding, H.F.’s claim that M.M. contrived her claim of lack of

       notice by writing “Return to Sender,” “Do Not Forward,” and “Moved” on the

       envelope containing the notice is simply a request to reweigh evidence and

       assess credibility of the witnesses. Thus, even if the issue were properly before

       us, H.F.’s argument would not be successful.

                                                  Protective Order

[14]   H.F. argues that the trial court abused its discretion in finding that she did not

       establish stalking sufficient to support the issuance of a protective order.

       Specifically, H.F. maintains that the trial court’s questions to H.F. regarding

       physical violence between her and M.M. indicate that the trial court

       erroneously considered physical violence to be a required element of stalking.

[15]   “Generally, a trial court has discretion to grant protective relief according to the

       terms of the [Indiana Civil Protection Order Act (CPOA)].” A.N. v. K.G., 10

       6
        A party must initiate an appeal within thirty days after the entry of a final judgment. Ind. Appellate Rule
       9(A)(1).

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 30A01-1601-PO-137 | June 23, 2016               Page 7 of 10
       N.E.3d 1270, 1271 (Ind. Ct. App. 2014). “To obtain an order of protection

       under the [CPOA], the petitioner must establish by a preponderance of the

       evidence at least one of the allegations in the petition.” A.S. v. T.H., 920

       N.E.2d 803, 806 (Ind. Ct. App. 2010). In assessing the sufficiency of the

       evidence, we neither reweigh the evidence nor judge witness credibility. Id.

       We consider only the evidence of probative value and reasonable inferences

       that support the judgment. Id.

[16]   We also note that the trial court terminated the protective order after a hearing,

       effectively denying H.F.’s petition. H.F. is therefore appealing from a negative

       judgment. When the appeal is from a negative judgment, we will reverse only if

       we are convinced that the evidence as a whole leads unerringly and

       unmistakably to a decision opposite that reached by the trial court. Flash v.

       Holtsclaw, 789 N.E.2d 955, 959 (Ind. Ct. App. 2003), trans. denied.

[17]   In her petition, H.F. alleged that she was a victim of stalking. For purposes of

       the CPOA, stalking is defined as “a knowing or an intentional course of

       conduct involving repeated or continuing harassment of another person that

       would cause a reasonable person to feel terrorized, frightened, intimidated, or

       threatened and that actually causes the victim to feel terrorized, frightened,

       intimidated, or threatened.” Ind. Code § 35-45-10-1.4. “Harassment” in turn is

       defined as “conduct directed toward a victim that includes but is not limited to

       repeated or continuing impermissible contact that would cause a reasonable

       person to suffer emotional distress and that actually causes the victim to suffer

       emotional distress.” I.C. § 35-45-10-2.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 30A01-1601-PO-137 | June 23, 2016   Page 8 of 10
[18]   During the December 15 hearing, H.F. presented evidence relating to three

       separate incidents she claims amount to stalking. The first incident involved

       text messages sent to H.F. by M.M. in which H.F. claimed M.M. called her “all

       kind of names” and threatened her. Transcript at 73. The actual content of

       these text messages between H.F. and M.M. was not provided. H.F. also

       alleged that in May 2013 and again in May 2015, M.M. placed a letter

       addressed to her in the mailbox at her home. The letters were not signed and

       no one saw who placed the letters in the mailbox; thus, H.F. could only surmise

       that M.M. was the author and that M.M. placed the letters in her mailbox.

       Further, although the content of the letters H.F. received is tasteless, vulgar,

       and entirely contemptuous, and undoubtedly had an impact on H.F., it is not

       necessarily threatening. Further, we reject H.F.’s argument that the trial court,

       by asking H.F. questions relating to physical interactions between her and

       M.M., considered such to be a required element of stalking.

[19]   The court concluded that this evidence did not sufficiently establish stalking so

       as to support the issuance of a protective order. We will not second-guess the

       trial court in this regard. The evidence showed that two years passed between

       receipt of the two letters and that H.F. received some possibly derogatory text

       messages. This does not establish a course of conduct involving repeated or

       continuing harassment such that the CPOA is triggered to provide a remedy.

       Compare Tisdial v. Young, 925 N.E.2d 783, 786 (Ind. Ct. App. 2010) (finding

       insufficient evidence of stalking to support issuance of a protective order and

       also noting that the General Assembly did not intend protective orders under

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 30A01-1601-PO-137 | June 23, 2016   Page 9 of 10
       the CPOA to serve as a remedy for a situation involving two incidents of

       fighting between two unrelated individuals) with A.S. v. T.H., 920 N.E.2d 803,

       805-7 (Ind. Ct. App. 2010) (finding sufficient evidence of stalking to support

       issuance of a protective order where ex-girlfriend engaged in physical violence,

       yelled obscenities while repeatedly driving past petitioner’s house, returned an

       item of clothing that had been destroyed by writing obscenities on it, and by

       calling petitioner’s residence eight times in six minutes and indicating she

       would not stop, all of which occurred within a month’s time). Having

       considered the entire record, we cannot say that the evidence as a whole leads

       unerringly and unmistakably to a decision opposite that reached by the trial

       court. The trial court, therefore, did not abuse its discretion in terminating the

       protective order upon concluding that H.F. did not sufficiently establish that

       she was a victim of stalking.

[20]   Judgment affirmed.

       Bailey, J. and Bradford, J., concur.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 30A01-1601-PO-137 | June 23, 2016   Page 10 of 10