Court Opinion

ID: 5134064
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2021-12-10 17:15:38.831325+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T08:23:41.636251
License: Public Domain

J-S36009-21

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

    COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA               :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                               :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                               :
                v.                             :
                                               :
                                               :
    JOSE RENTAS-TORRES                         :
                                               :
                       Appellant               :   No. 294 EDA 2021

              Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered January 6, 2021
     In the Court of Common Pleas of Northampton County Criminal Division
                       at No(s): CP-48-CR-0001062-2018

BEFORE:      LAZARUS, J., KING, J., and COLINS, J.*

MEMORANDUM BY LAZARUS, J.:                          FILED DECEMBER 10, 2021

        Jose Rentas-Torres appeals from the order, entered in the Court of

Common Pleas of Northampton County, denying his petition filed pursuant to

the Post Conviction Relief Act (“PCRA”), 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-9546. After

our review, we reverse and remand for the reinstatement, nunc pro tunc, of

Rentas-Torres’ post-sentence and direct appellate rights.

        The PCRA court set forth the relevant factual and procedural history of

this case as follows:

        On June 21, 2018, [Rentas-Torres] entered a negotiated guilty
        plea to a single count of terroristic threats as a misdemeanor of
        the first degree. The information charged [Rentas-Torres] as a
        result of a domestic dispute with his girlfriend. On the same day,
        [Rentas-Torres] was sentenced to six to twelve months in
        Northampton County Prison followed by twelve months of
        probation.

____________________________________________

*   Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
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     [Rentas-Torres] was granted parole on August 31, 2018. On
     August 19, 2019, a Petition for Review of Probation/Parole was
     filed with the court based upon [Rentas-Torres] receiving new
     charges. A Gagnon II hearing was originally scheduled for March
     11, 2020, but the matter was continued generally, pending
     resolution of [Rentas-Torres’] new charges.

     On July 22, 2020, a Gagnon II hearing was held before the court.
     At the hearing, [Rentas-Torres] was represented by Assistant
     Public Defender Anthony E. Rybak[, Esquire]. The evidence
     established that [Rentas-Torres] had received new charges on
     August 7, 2019, for possession with intent to deliver and criminal
     use of a communication facility. Two weeks prior to the Gagnon
     II hearing, [Rentas-Torres] pleaded guilty to criminal use of a
     communication facility and was sentenced to one year less two
     days to two years less one day in Northampton County Prison,
     followed by two years of probation. The evidence also established
     that, while he was on supervision, [Rentas-Torres] missed forty-
     one of his scheduled drug tests and tested positive for opiates
     days before his arrest on the new charges. [Rentas-Torres] has
     a significant prior record, including convictions for possession with
     intent to deliver, burglary, criminal trespass, false reports, simple
     possession, theft, false identification to law enforcement, and
     terroristic threats.

     After finding that [Rentas-Torres] violated his probation, the court
     revoked his probation and resentenced him to eighteen to thirty-
     six months in state prison, concurrent to the sentence imposed in
     his new case, with credit for time served. After [Rentas-Torres]
     refused to sign a form outlining his post-sentence rights, the court
     advised [Rentas-Torres] of those rights on the record.

     [Rentas-Torres] did not ask Attorney Rybak to file a post-sentence
     motion. No such motion was filed by [Rentas-Torres]. Rather,
     the day after the Gagnon II hearing, [Rentas-Torres] filed a pro
     se [PCRA petition]. One week later, [Rentas-Torres] filed a pro se
     appeal to the Superior Court. Unaware of the appeal, on August
     3, 2020, the court appointed counsel to represent [Rentas-Torres]
     with regard to his [PCRA petition].

     On August 18, 2020, the court appointed the same counsel to
     represent [Rentas-Torres] with regard to his appeal. On October
     1, 2020, the court entered an order denying [Rentas-Torres PCRA
     relief]. On November 2, 2020, [Rentas-Torres’] appeal to the

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      Superior Court was discontinued at the request of his court-
      appointed counsel.

      On November 6, 2020, [Rentas-Torres’] counsel filed the instant
      [amended PCRA petition], in which he alleges that Attorney Rybak
      was ineffective in representing [Rentas-Torres] at his Gagnon II
      hearing and by failing to file a post-sentence motion and/or an
      appeal from the sentence imposed at that hearing.

      A hearing on [Rentas-Torres’ PCRA petition] was held on January
      6, 2021. At the conclusion of that hearing, [Rentas-Torres’]
      counsel advanced two arguments: first, that Attorney Rybak was
      ineffective in failing to make a meaningful presentation on
      [Rentas-Torres’] behalf prior to the resentencing; and second,
      that Attorney Rybak was ineffective for failing to file a post-
      sentence motion and/or appeal. After hearing argument from
      counsel, the court entered the order appealed from, denying
      [Rentas-Torres’ PCRA petition].

      On January 22, 2021, [Rentas-Torres’] counsel filed the instant
      appeal. On January 25, 2021, the court ordered [Rentas-Torres]
      to file a [Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b)] concise statement of matters
      complained of on appeal (“[Rule 1925(b)] Statement’), within
      twenty-one days, pursuant to Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate
      Procedure 1925(b). [Rentas-Torres] filed his [Rule 1925(b)]
      Statement on February 15, 2021[.]

PCRA Court Opinion, 2/24/21, at 1-4 (footnotes and citations to record

omitted).

      Rentas-Torres raises the following claim for our review:

      Whether the PCRA [c]ourt erred in failing to find that probation
      violation counsel was ineffective in defense of the alleged
      violation, in not making any coherent or other persuasive
      sentencing presentation, and in failing to seek reconsideration of
      sentence or appeal of the discretionary aspects of sentence?

Brief of Appellant, at 4.

      It is well-settled that, in reviewing the denial of PCRA relief, “we examine

whether the PCRA court’s determination is supported by the record and free

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of legal error.”     Commonwealth v. Fears, 86 A.3d 795, 803 (Pa. 2014)

(quotations      and   citations   omitted).    The   PCRA   court’s   credibility

determinations are binding on this Court when they are supported by the

record; its legal conclusions, however, are subject to de novo review.

Commonwealth v. Chmiel, 30 A.3d 1111, 1127 (Pa. 2011).

          Here, Rentas-Torres raises a claim of ineffectiveness of counsel.    To

establish a claim of counsel’s ineffectiveness, a petitioner must overcome the

presumption that counsel was effective by proving “(1) that the underlying

claim has merit; (2) counsel had no reasonable strategic basis for his or her

action or inaction; and (3) but for the errors or omissions of counsel, there is

a reasonable probability that the outcome of the proceedings would have been

different.”     Commonwealth v. Ousley, 21 A.3d 1238, 1244 (Pa. Super.

2011) (citation omitted). “The failure to prove any one of the three prongs

results in the failure of petitioner’s claim.” Id.

          We first address Rentas-Torres’ claim as it relates to the revocation

portion of the proceedings. While Rentas-Torres focuses the vast majority of

his appellate argument on the resentencing aspect of his claim, we gather that

his argument as to counsel’s ineffectiveness related to revocation is grounded

in the fact that counsel, who was the “[on-]duty” public defender in the

courtroom and had never previously met Rentas-Torres, was unfamiliar with

Rentas-Torres’ case and failed to sufficiently prepare for the Gagnon II

hearing, or to consult with Rentas-Torres prior thereto. He is entitled to no

relief.

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      Here, Rentas-Torres committed, and pled guilty to, a new crime while

serving his probationary sentence. “[T]he commission of a new crime violates

an implied condition of probation and suggests that the defendant is a poor

probation risk.” Commonwealth v. Nava, 966 A.2d 630, 634 (Pa. Super.

2009). Accordingly, upon a finding that a probationer has been convicted of

another crime, the VOP court has the authority to revoke probation and

impose a sentence of total confinement. See 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9771(b), (c).

      Moreover, in addition to pleading guilty to another offense, Rentas-

Torres committed multiple violations of the conditions of his probation,

including failing to submit to 41 required urine screens, remain drug-free, or

pay costs.   See N.T. VOP Hearing, 7/22/20, at 2-3.         As the PCRA court

correctly concluded, under these circumstances, “there was nothing Attorney

Ryback could have done to defend against the violation.” PCRA Court Opinion,

2/24/21, at 5. Therefore, inasmuch as his ineffectiveness claim relates to the

revocation of his probation, Rentas-Torres is entitled to no relief. See Ousley,

supra (where no reasonable probability exists that outcome of proceedings

would have been different, ineffectiveness claim fails). However, with regard

to his claim that counsel was ineffective during resentencing and for failing to

file a post-sentence motion for reconsideration of sentence and a direct

appeal, we find Rentas-Torres’ claim to be meritorious.

      The record supports the PCRA court’s conclusion that Rentas-Torres did

not explicitly request that counsel file a motion for reconsideration or direct

appeal. However, even where a defendant does not expressly ask counsel to

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file a direct appeal, counsel still has a duty “to adequately consult with the

defendant as to the advantages and disadvantages of an appeal where there

is reason to think that a defendant would want to appeal.”

Commonwealth v. Bath, 907 A.2d 619, 623 (Pa. Super. 2006) (emphasis

added). In such situations, counsel is not per se ineffective and the traditional

three-prong Strickland1 test “is necessary to decide whether counsel

rendered constitutionally ineffective assistance by failing to advise his client

about his appellate rights.” Commonwealth v. Markowitz, 32 A.3d 706,

716 (Pa. Super. 2011). Hence, an appellant “must plead and prove: (1) that

the underlying issue has arguable merit; (2) counsel’s actions lacked an

objective reasonable basis; and (3) actual prejudice resulted from counsel’s

act or failure to act.” Id.

       Pursuant to [Roe v. Flores–Ortega, 528 U.S. 470 (2000) and its
       Pennsylvania expression, Commonwealth v. Touw, 781 A.2d
       1250 (Pa. Super. 2001)], counsel has a constitutional duty to
       consult with a defendant about an appeal where counsel has
       reason to believe either[:] “(1) that a rational defendant would
       want to appeal (for example, because there are non-frivolous
       grounds for appeal), or (2) that this particular defendant
       reasonably demonstrated to counsel that he was interested
       in appealing.” [Id.] at 1254 (quoting Roe[, 528 U.S.] at 480).

Bath, 907 A.2d at 623 (emphasis added).          “Where a petitioner can prove

either factor, he establishes that his claim has arguable merit.” Markowitz,

32 A.3d at 716.
____________________________________________

1  Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668 (1984).         See also
Commonwealth v. Pierce, 527 A.2d 973 (Pa. 1987) (adopting Strickland
test).

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      Additionally, an appellant is not required to show he had meritorious

issues for appeal to establish counsel was ineffective for failing to consult with

him regarding an appeal. Commonwealth v. Donaghy, 33 A.3d 12, 17 (Pa.

Super. 2011). See also Commonwealth v. Green, 168 A.3d 173, 178 n.5

(Pa. Super. 2017) (“[A] claim that lacks merit is not necessarily wholly

frivolous. The duty to consult arises if there is a non-frivolous issue to raise,

not an ultimately meritorious issue.”).      Further, prejudice in this context

means an appellant must show a reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s

failure to consult, the appellant would have sought additional review. Touw,

781 A.2d at 1254. See also Donaghy, supra (reversing order denying PCRA

relief and remanding for reinstatement of appellant’s direct appeal rights nunc

pro tunc, where trial counsel failed to consult with appellant about desire to

file direct appeal; appellant sent trial counsel letter during 30–day appeal

period asking how long appellant had to file appeal and what types of issues

appellant could raise on appeal; appellant’s letter sufficiently demonstrated

desire to appeal such that counsel should have made reasonable effort to

discover appellant’s wishes; counsel’s testimony at PCRA hearing that counsel

believed appellant had no viable reasons for appeal does not absolve counsel

of duty to ascertain appellant’s wishes; counsel’s failure to consult with

appellant about filing direct appeal deprived appellant of constitutional right

to effective assistance of counsel).

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      Here, the record demonstrates that Rentas-Torres was dissatisfied with

his sentence and sought a county sentence to be imposed due to his family

circumstances. Prior to sentencing, Rentas-Torres allocuted as follows:

      THE COURT: Is there anything you’d like to say before I sentence
      you for the probation violation?

      THE DEFENDANT: Yes, [Y]our [H]onor. I used to take care of my
      mother. My mother is 92 years old. I know I made a few mistakes
      in my life. I’m a human being. Right now[,] my family is waiting
      that I’m coming back home so I can take care of my mother. She’s
      92 years old. If I leave for another six months, I don’t
      know—I won’t be able to see her. I’m fighting for custody [of]
      my son because I did everything I was supposed to do when I was
      on probation.

      I caught a new case, [Y]our [H]onor[,] yes. I did c[atch] a new
      case, yes, and I [pled] to the new case and I take responsibility
      for the new case. But I believe sending me upstate again is—
      they’re not going to do no good to me. They going to hurt
      me more because my family going to be hurt. I won’t be
      able to see my mother, I won’t be able to see my son, and
      they going to damage my life completely. Right now[,] I lost
      my sister, I lost my brother, and these problems. Nothing to
      justify what I did. I lost my brother and my sister and I lost my
      father.

N.T. Gagnon II Hearing, 7/22/20, at 6-7 (emphasis added).

      Based on the foregoing, as well as Rentas-Torres’ refusal to sign the

form containing his post-sentence rights, counsel certainly had a reasonable

basis to believe that Rentas-Torres was dissatisfied with his sentence and may

have wished to seek reconsideration and an appeal. Nonetheless, at the PCRA

hearing, counsel testified that he never filed a motion for reconsideration of

sentence on Rentas-Torres’ behalf, see N.T. PCRA Hearing, 1/6/21, at 8, did

not know if he went over Rentas-Torres’ post-sentence rights with him, see

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id., and “[did] not believe [he] spoke with him about a [motion for]

reconsideration [of sentence],” id. at 9, despite understanding that Rentas-

Torres was dissatisfied with his sentence. Id. at 10 (“[PCRA Counsel]: And

certainly from [Rentas-Torres’] reluctance to sign the post-sentence rights

form,] you gleaned that [he] was dissatisfied with the sentence that had been

imposed? [Attorney Ryback]: He seemed dissatisfied with the entire court

system, so—”). Indeed, Rentas-Torres ultimately filed a pro se appeal to this

Court a week after his resentencing.

      Moreover, although the court recited Rentas-Torres’ post-sentence

rights orally in light of Rentas-Torres’ refusal to sign his post-sentence-rights

form, the court erroneously advised Rentas-Torres that he “[didn’t] have to

file a post-sentence motion with me to appeal the sentence. You can appeal

it directly to the Superior Court.” N.T. Gagnon II Hearing, 7/22/20, at 8-9.

To the contrary, “when a court revokes probation and imposes a new

sentence, a criminal defendant needs to preserve challenges to the

discretionary aspects of that new sentence either by objecting during the

revocation sentencing or by filing a post-sentence motion.” Commonwealth

v. Kalichak, 943 A.2d 285, 289 (Pa. Super. 2008); see also Pa.R.Crim.P.

708(E) (“A motion to modify a sentence imposed after a revocation shall be

filed within 10 days of the date of imposition.”). Issues not preserved in the

lower court may not be raised on appeal. Pa.R.A.P. 302(a).

      Here, Rentas-Torres did not object in open court following the imposition

of his revocation sentence.     Accordingly, he was required to file a post-

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sentence motion for modification of sentence in order to preserve his

sentencing challenge on appeal.          Kalicheck, supra.     Where the court

provided   him      inaccurate   information,   and   counsel—despite    having   a

reasonable basis to believe that Rentas-Torres might wish to appeal—never

consulted with Rentas-Torres to correct the misinformation or ascertain his

desire to challenge his sentence, we are constrained to conclude that Rentas-

Torres was denied his constitutional right to effective assistance of counsel

with regard to the sentencing phase of his Gagnon II hearing, as well as with

respect to the preservation of his post-sentence and appellate rights.

Accordingly, we vacate the PCRA order and remand the case to the PCRA court

for reinstatement, nunc pro tunc, of Rentas-Torres’ post-sentence and direct

appellate rights.

      Order vacated.        Case remanded with instructions.            Jurisdiction

relinquished.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 12/10/2021

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