Court Opinion

ID: 9387703
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2023-04-18 19:00:40.169391+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:18:15.108897
License: Public Domain

Case: 21-812, 04/18/2023, DktEntry: 36.1, Page 1 of 4

                              NOT FOR PUBLICATION                          FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                         APR 18 2023
                                                                        MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                         U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                              FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

ELIO BORJA MARTINEZ,                            No.    21-812

                Petitioner,                     Agency No. A208-993-827

 v.
                                                MEMORANDUM*
MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney
General,

                Respondent.

                     On Petition for Review of an Order of the
                         Board of Immigration Appeals

                              Submitted April 11, 2023**
                                 Seattle, Washington

Before: BYBEE and FORREST, Circuit Judges, and SEEBORG,*** District
Judge.

      Elio Borja Martinez petitions for review of a Board of Immigration Appeals

(“BIA”) decision denying his applications for asylum, withholding of removal, and

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
      ***
             The Honorable Richard Seeborg, Chief United States District Judge
for the Northern District of California, sitting by designation.
                Case: 21-812, 04/18/2023, DktEntry: 36.1, Page 2 of 4

relief under the Convention Against Torture (“CAT”). We review denials of asylum,

withholding of removal, and CAT relief for substantial evidence. Guo v. Sessions,

897 F.3d 1208, 1212 (9th Cir. 2018). We have jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252.

We deny the petition.

      1. The BIA did not err by upholding the Immigration Judge’s (“IJ”) adverse

credibility finding against Borja Martinez. As required by the REAL ID Act,

credibility determinations must be based on the “totality of the circumstances, and

all relevant factors.” Shrestha v. Holder, 590 F.3d 1034, 1040 (9th Cir. 2010)

(quoting 8 U.S.C. § 1158(b)(1)(B)(iii)). Contrary to Borja Martinez’s argument, the

IJ did not cherry pick facts and disregard explanations to the contrary. Instead, the

IJ “provide[d] specific and cogent reasons in support” of his determination, id. at

1044 (citation omitted)—namely, inconsistencies in substantive testimony that

concern “the very heart of [Petitioner’s] claim,” such as: whether he did or did not

respond to a gang recruitment effort (and how many times he had been solicited);

why he testified that he had personally been accosted at gunpoint while out on his

job, whereas his written statement indicated only that his coworkers were threatened

on one of Petitioner’s days off; and whether, after the murder he witnessed, the

police arrived within 15 minutes (as indicated in the written statement), or three

hours later, during which time people were present for a “soccer tournament going

on around [the] dead kid,” as he testified. The BIA found that these were significant

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inconsistencies, and Petitioner’s proffered explanations of “imperfect memory and

difficulty in remembering specific facts,” do not compel a contrary conclusion.1

Because the adverse credibility determination is dispositive of both Petitioner’s

claims for asylum and withholding of removal, we do not reach the social distinction

issue.

         2. Substantial evidence also supports the BIA’s denial of CAT relief. The

BIA found that Borja Martinez failed to establish that it was “more likely than not”

that he would be tortured in El Salvador. See 8 C.F.R. § 1208.16(c)(2). On appeal,

Borja Martinez argues that though the IJ “lamented the general state of affairs in El

Salvador, [it] failed to actually analyze the evidence actually submitted” and that

“country conditions alone can play a decisive role.” However, the IJ indicated that

he had considered the evidence in the record and found that “the generalized

evidence of conditions” did not translate into a “more likely than not chance that

[Borja Martinez] would be tortured should he be removed to El Salvador.” On

1
  Petitioner also suggests, without articulating or developing a specific argument,
that “[a]n arbiter is not neutral and violates due process if he has pre-decided the
case or disregards a witness’ testimony.” To the extent that argument is not waived
for failing to satisfy Fed. R. App. P. 28(a)(8)(A), the cases that Petitioner cites for
this proposition, Lopez-Umanzor v. Gonzales, 405 F.3d 1049 (9th Cir. 2005) and
Kaur v. Ashcroft, 388 F.3d 734, 737 (9th Cir. 2004), are entirely distinguishable.
Here, the IJ did not prejudge the credibility of Petitioner’s factual testimony, or
refuse to hear expert or otherwise corroborating testimony on Petitioner’s behalf,
but voiced initial thoughts on a legal question which was subsequently analyzed
and explained in his decision.

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review, nothing in Borja Martinez’s testimony or the country conditions reports

“compel[s] the conclusion that [he] would be tortured if returned.” Almaghzar v.

Gonzales, 457 F.3d 915, 923 (9th Cir. 2006). There are indications that the IJ

considered the documentary evidence, Garcia v. Holder, 749 F.3d 785, 791-92 (9th

Cir. 2014), and such evidence fails to evince a particularized threat that Petitioner

himself faces. This is further underscored by the record’s absence of credible

accounts of direct threats or violence against Petitioner. Because Borja Martinez’s

evidence fails to compel a finding that it is “more likely than not” that he would be

tortured in El Salvador, substantial evidence supports the BIA’s denial of CAT relief.

      PETITION DENIED.

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