Court Opinion

ID: 2825402
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2015-08-11 06:08:23.207344+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T11:31:16.863803
License: Public Domain

[Cite as State v. Haskell, 2015-Ohio-3095.]

                       IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
                           THIRD APPELLATE DISTRICT
                               WYANDOT COUNTY

STATE OF OHIO,

        PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE,                           CASE NO. 16-15-03

        v.

BRETT A. HASKELL,                                     OPINION

        DEFENDANT-APPELLANT.

                    Appeal from Upper Sandusky Municipal Court
                             Trial Court No. CRB 14-380

                                      Judgment Affirmed

                             Date of Decision: August 3, 2015

APPEARANCES:

        Scott B. Johnson for Appellant

        Richard A. Grafmiller for Appellee
Case No. 16-15-03

ROGERS, P.J.

       {¶1} Defendant-Appellant, Brett Haskell, appeals the judgment of the

Upper Sandusky Municipal Court convicting him of one count of sexual

imposition and sentencing him to 30 days in jail. On appeal, Haskell argues that

the trial court erred by (1) admitting certain hearsay statements; (2) entering a

verdict that was not supported by sufficient evidence; (3) entering a verdict that

was against the manifest weight of the evidence; and (4) entering a verdict that

violated R.C. 2907.06(B). For the reasons that follow, we affirm the trial court’s

judgment.

       {¶2} On June 19, 2014, a criminal complaint was filed in the Upper

Sandusky Municipal Court charging Haskell with one count of sexual imposition

in violation of R.C. 2907.06(A), a misdemeanor of the third degree. In response,

Haskell entered a plea of not guilty to the charge.

       {¶3} The matter proceeded to a jury trial on December 11, 2014. S.B. was

the first witness to testify on behalf of the State. S.B. testified that she was 14-

years-old on February 23, 2014. She stated that she visited her cousin, Haskell’s

son, the previous night. After a night of bowling, S.B., her cousin, and her

cousin’s friend returned to Haskell’s house. S.B. explained that the three did not

get back to the house until late in the evening. When they arrived, they ate pizza

and talked in her cousin’s room. S.B. testified that she had planned on staying the

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night in her cousin’s room, but because her cousin’s male friend was staying in his

room, she was told to sleep on the couch in the living room.

       {¶4} S.B. described the living room as having a couch, coffee table,

television, chair, and a mattress lying on the floor. Photographs of the living room

were shown to S.B., which were later admitted into evidence. S.B. stated that she

did not leave her cousin’s room until approximately 4:30 a.m. When she left the

room, S.B. testified that Haskell and her Aunt Okie were sleeping on the mattress

with their two other children. S.B. could not remember if the television was on or

off at the time she went to sleep. She explained that she was lying on her left side

when she fell asleep.

       {¶5} S.B. testified that she was awoken when she felt a hand touching her

pubic region. She then rolled onto her back and felt a hand and fingers pushing on

top of her pubic region. S.B. stated that neither the hand nor the fingers touched

her vagina.   She explained that she was wearing underwear and yoga pants.

According to S.B., all the touching occurred on the outside of the clothing.

       {¶6} After rolling over, S.B. stated that she opened her eyes and saw it was

Haskell that was touching her. She explained, “That’s when I seen [sic.] [Haskell]

and he jumped back and he moved his hand and asked me if I knew where the

remote was.” Trial Tr. p. 23. She replied “no” and grabbed her stuff and went

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back into her cousin’s room. She testified that Haskell got up and moved over to

the chair and never said another word.

         {¶7} After returning to her cousin’s room, she attempted to contact her

parents, but her phone was dead. After charging the phone for approximately six

minutes, S.B. testified that she called her aunt Laura, uncle Kyle, grandmother,

and mother, but was unable to get a hold of anyone. She was finally able to get a

hold of her father, Brett Eddy. She told her dad where she was and that she

wanted to go home. Her dad asked her what was going on, but she stated that she

just wanted to leave. He told S.B. he would try to find her a ride and hung up the

phone. At trial, S.B. described herself as being upset, uncomfortable, scared, and

was crying after the conversation with her dad.

         {¶8} Her dad sent her a text message asking what was wrong. S.B. testified

that she told him that Haskell was touching her while she was sleeping. She stated

that her father was able to call her aunt, Shannon Elmer, and that Elmer was on her

way to get S.B. At some point after these text messages, Eddy called S.B. Shortly

after this conversation, Elmer called S.B. and told her to wait outside until she got

there.

         {¶9} Her cousin woke up and asked what was wrong. S.B., who was

crying, stated that she just wanted to go home, but did not want to leave out the

front door because she was scared that Haskell was waiting on the other side of the

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Case No. 16-15-03

bedroom door. Her cousin pulled out a knife and cut the plastic covering his

bedroom window, and S.B. was able to climb out the window.

       {¶10} When Elmer arrived, S.B. testified that she was still crying. Elmer

told S.B. to get into the car and asked what was wrong. S.B. told her aunt that

Haskell had touched her in her private area. Soon after, S.B. stated that a sheriff

deputy, her mother, and her grandmother all arrived at the scene.

       {¶11} On cross-examination, S.B. testified that she was interviewed by the

sheriff deputy and told him everything that had happened. She admitted though

that she omitted some of the more graphic details as she felt very uncomfortable

talking with a man about the situation. S.B. was also asked to describe the couch.

She described the couch as having three separate cushions, as opposed to a couch

with only one individual cushion.

       {¶12} Brett Eddy was the next witness to testify. Eddy stated that he was

working in Cleveland, Ohio on February 23, 2014. Eddy testified that he received

a call from his daughter, S.B., early that morning. Eddy said that S.B. “was crying

and asked why she couldn’t get a hold of mom, and I told her she’s probably

sleeping. I asked her what was going on and she said she wanted to go home * *

*.”   Id. at p. 53.   At this moment, defense counsel objected contending the

testimony was inadmissible hearsay. The State argued that the statements made

by S.B. to Eddy constituted excited utterances and were admissible. The trial

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court overruled the objection. Eddy testified that S.B. was crying during their

conversation.

      {¶13} Later during his testimony, the following discussion took place:

      Q:    Did you talk to her on the phone [a second time]?

      A: After that, yes, I did. After she texted me what happened, she
      called me back and I said ‘what do you mean he tried to touch you,
      [S.B.]?’

      Q:    At this point how was she acting?

      A: She was bawling. She’s still crying. She said ‘when is [Elmer]
      gonna get here?’ She kept asking me ‘I just want to go home’. I told
      her ‘go outside and wait’. She said she didn’t want to go out of [her
      cousin’s] room; she was afraid. She wanted to wait until [Elmer] to
      get [sic] here. Then when she talked to me and I asked her ‘what do
      you mean he tried to touch you’ and that’s when she told me ‘I woke
      up, he was kneeling beside me, he had his hands on my private part,
      dad, and he was trying to push his fingers in through my pants. I
      could feel his fingers’. That’s when I told her ‘stay in [your
      cousin’s] room, I’ll be home as soon as I can.’

Id. at p. 57-58. Eddy added that S.B. is not normally very emotional. He said the

only other time he remembered her acting like this is when he told S.B. her

grandfather died.

      {¶14} Shannon Elmer was the next witness to testify on behalf of the State.

Elmer testified that she was sleeping when she received a phone call from her

niece, S.B. Elmer stated that S.B. seemed very upset, was crying, and asked

Elmer to come get her. At this time, defense counsel renewed his objection to the

hearsay testimony, which was noted by the trial court. After hanging up, Elmer

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stated that she drove out to her sister’s house to pick up S.B. She explained that

the drive took her approximately 20-25 minutes.

          {¶15} When Elmer pulled up to the house, S.B. was outside waiting. Elmer

stated that S.B. got into the car and was crying. At this point, the prosecutor

attempted to elicit testimony regarding what S.B. told Elmer, but defense counsel

objected, again citing hearsay. The trial court overruled the objection. Next,

Elmer testified that S.B. told her that Haskell had touched her in her pubic region.

Elmer said that after she briefly confronted Haskell in the doorway, she called the

police.

          {¶16} After Elmer’s testimony, a brief recess was taken.            After

reconvening, both parties stipulated that S.B. was 14-years old at the time of the

alleged offense and that Haskell was 36-years old.

          {¶17} Deputy Michael Hoy of the Wyandot County Sheriff’s Office was

the last witness to testify on behalf of the State. Deputy Hoy testified that he

responded to a call about a young female that was inappropriately touched. When

he arrived at the scene, he briefly spoke to the caller, Elmer. Afterwards, he spoke

with the victim, S.B. He testified that S.B. “was noticeably upset.” Id. at p. 80.

He added, “Her eyes were bloodshot, she was noticeably crying, she had mascara

running down her face. Hands I noticed were kind of trembling somewhat * * *.”

Id.

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Case No. 16-15-03

        {¶18} Deputy Hoy also had an opportunity to interview Haskell at the

scene. Deputy Hoy then typed up a written report, of which the following was

read at trial:

        I had asked [Haskell] if he would know why [S.B.] would make a
        statement like that and he said that he had no idea. He said that he
        was sleeping and he was awakened by the cell phone alarm going off
        and he found it underneath the cushion of the couch that [S.B.] was
        sleeping under and he retrieved it from underneath her.

Id. at p. 93.

        {¶19} At the conclusion of Deputy Hoy’s testimony, the State rested. At

this time, Haskell made a motion for acquittal pursuant to Crim.R. 29. The trial

court denied the motion.

        {¶20} Haskell testified on his own behalf. Haskell’s testimony regarding

the night of February 22, 2014, was nearly identical to S.B.’s. Haskell testified

that he fell asleep on a mattress in the living room with his girlfriend and two of

their children in the early morning hours of February 23, 2014. He stated that the

television was still on before he fell asleep.

        {¶21} Haskell testified that he was awoken by a cell phone sometime in the

morning. He explained that he was very tired when he woke and that he tried to

find the phone so he could shut the alarm off and go back to sleep. He stated that

he believed the phone was located somewhere near or in the couch where S.B. was

sleeping. Haskell testified that he looked under the couch, but could not find it.

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Case No. 16-15-03

He then stated that he heard the alarm go off again and could tell that the phone

was located underneath one of the couch cushions. Haskell explained that he uses

an alarm, set for 6:15 a.m., to wake up in the morning for work. He claimed that

he was finally able to locate the cell phone, which was in between two of the

cushions. When he reached for the cell phone, Haskell explained that his hand

would have been near S.B.’s knee area.

       {¶22} Haskell continued to describe what happened next. He said,

       I had grabbed the remote or the TV - - or the cell phone. I shut it
       off, I believe I lit a cigarette, I went to the bathroom, I came back in.
       I was gonna lay back down. I wanted to finish my cigarette, I was
       gonna turn on the TV to watch the news to check the weather
       because my son, he’s a diehard fisherman so I wanted to surprise
       him to take him out fishing that day, him and his buddy, and I was
       looking for the remote which was supposedly - - when I went to bed
       it was by me and my girlfriend because we were laying on the bed
       on the floor which is very close proximity * * *.

Id. at p. 111. He testified that someone must have turned the television off after he

fell asleep. Haskell stated, “At the time of me looking for the remote I was by the

bed, right next to my girlfriend looking for the remote. [S.B.] had sat up. I asked

her if she knew where the remote was. She said no. She got up and she went into

the other room.” Id. at p. 112. At the conclusion of Haskell’s testimony, the

defense rested. Haskell did not renew his Crim.R. 29 motion for acquittal.

       {¶23} After deliberating, the jury returned a verdict finding Haskell guilty

of sexual imposition, and the court sentenced Haskell to 30 days in jail.

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Case No. 16-15-03

       {¶24} It is from this judgment that Haskell appeals, presenting the

following assignments of error for our review.

                            Assignment of Error No. I

       THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN ALLOWING THE JURY TO
       HEAR CERTAIN HEARSAY EVIDENCE AT THE TRIAL.

                            Assignment of Error No. II

       THE DEFENDANT’S CONVICTION WAS NEITHER
       SUPPORTED BY THE SUFFICIENCY NOR THE MANIFEST
       WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE.

                           Assignment of Error No. III

       THE DEFENDANT’S CONVICTION WAS AGAINST THE
       LAW IN THAT IT WAS BASED SOLELY UPON THE
       TESTIMONY OF THE VICTIM UNSUPPORTED BY OTHER
       EVIDENCE.

                         Assignment of Error No. I

       {¶25} In his first assignment of error, Haskell argues that the trial court

erred by allowing both hearsay statements into evidence, which did not fall under

any recognized exception. We disagree.

       {¶26} We review a trial court’s admission of testimony for an abuse of

discretion. State v. Bump, 3d Dist. Logan No. 8-12-04, 2013-Ohio-1006, ¶ 61. “A

trial court will be found to have abused its discretion when its decision is contrary

to law, unreasonable, not supported by the evidence, or grossly unsound.” State v.

Swihart, 3d Dist. Union No. 14-12-25, 2013-Ohio-4645, ¶ 44, citing State v. Boles,

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2d Dist. Montgomery No. 23037, 2010-Ohio-278, ¶ 16-18. Under Evid.R. 103(A)

and Crim.R. 52(A), we disregard as harmless the admission of improper hearsay

evidence unless a substantial right of the party is affected. State v. Missler, 3d

Dist. Hardin No. 6-14-06, 2015-Ohio-1076, ¶ 60, citing State v. Richcreek, 196

Ohio App.3d 505, 2011-Ohio-4686, ¶ 31 (6th Dist.). “Substantial rights are not

affected ‘where the remaining evidence constitutes overwhelming proof of a

defendant’s guilty * * *.’ ” Bump at 65, quoting State v. Jones, 3d Dist. Van Wert

No. 15-11-16, 2012-Ohio-5334, ¶ 34, citing State v. Murphy, 91 Ohio St.3d 516,

555 (2001).

       {¶27} Hearsay is defined as “a statement, other than one made by the

declarant while testifying at the trial or hearing, offered in evidence to prove the

truth of the matter asserted.” Evid.R. 801(C). Such statements are inadmissible

unless an exception to the hearsay rule applies. Evid.R. 802. One such exception

is an excited utterance, which is defined as “a statement relating to a startling

event or condition made while the declarant was under the stress of excitement

caused by the event or condition.” Evid.R. 803(2). Further, to fall into the

exception, the following four elements must all be satisfied:

       (1) the event must be startling enough to produce a nervous
       excitement in the declarant, (2) the statement must have been made
       while the declarant was still under the stress of excitement caused by
       the event, (3) the statement must relate to the startling event, and (4)
       the declarant must have personally observed the startling event.

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State v. Tebelman, 3d Dist. Putnam No. 12-09-01, 2010-Ohio-481, ¶ 27, citing

State v. Taylor, 66 Ohio St.3d 295, 300-301 (1993). “ ‘The controlling factor is

whether the declaration was made under such circumstances as would reasonably

show that it resulted from impulse rather than reason and reflection.’ ” State v.

Bradley, 3d Dist. Van Wert No. 15-10-03, 2010-Ohio-5422, ¶ 37, quoting State v.

Humphries, 79 Ohio App.3d 589, 598 (12th Dist.1992).

       {¶28} At trial, Haskell objected to two different instances of hearsay

testimony regarding statements S.B. made to both Eddy and Elmer. Eddy testified

that at approximately 7:30 a.m. he received a phone call from S.B. Eddy stated

that S.B. was crying and kept telling him that she wanted to go home. Soon after,

S.B. called Eddy again. This time, after S.B. had texted Eddy saying that Haskell

had touched her, Eddy asked S.B., “what do you mean he tried to touch you,

[S.B.]?” Trial Tr. p. 57. Eddy testified that S.B. told him, “ ‘I woke up, he was

kneeling beside me, he had his hands on my private part, dad, and he was trying to

push his fingers in through my pants. I could feel his fingers.’ ” Id.

       {¶29} Under Taylor, this testimony clearly falls under the excited utterance

exception. First, unwanted sexual contact from an adult to a minor relative is

certainly startling to the point of causing a nervous excitement in the minor.

Second, although the statement was not made contemporaneously or right after the

contact, S.B. made these statements as soon as she was able to contact someone.

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Case No. 16-15-03

Thus, it is still possible that S.B. made the statement while under the stress of

excitement given that she was still crying uncontrollably while talking with Eddy.

Furthermore, “the amount of elapsed time between the statements made and the

events about which the statements are made is longer for a child victim than an

adult victim for purposes of admissibility under Evid.R. 803(2) because children

are likely to remain in a state of nervous excitement for a longer period of time.”

Bradley at ¶ 38, citing State v. Ashcraft, 12th Dist. Butler No. CA97-11-217, 1998

WL 667657, citing Humphries at 598; see also Taylor at 304. Third, the statement

related to the startling event since S.B.’s statement to her father was in regard to

Haskell touching her.    Finally, as the declarant, S.B. witnessed the touching.

Thus, S.B.’s statements to Eddy were excited utterances and were properly

allowed.

       {¶30} Elmer testified that she spoke to S.B. twice on February 23, 2014.

The first, which occurred slightly after S.B. talked to her father, was brief and

consisted of S.B. telling Elmer that she wanted to go and asked Elmer to come get

her. Elmer also testified that S.B. sounded very upset on the phone. After about a

20 to 25 minute drive, Elmer arrived and asked S.B. what was wrong. S.B. told

Elmer that “[Haskell] had touched her in her private area.” Trial Tr. p. 67.

       {¶31} These statements also pass the Taylor test. The first, third, and

fourth prongs are the same as the statements made to Eddy since they are nearly

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Case No. 16-15-03

the same exact words – that Haskell touched her in the pubic region. The only

difference between these statements and the statements to Eddy is that these were

made approximately 20-25 minutes after Elmer left to get S.B. As stated supra,

the mere passage of time will not remove the statement from being an excited

utterance. Moreover, it seems that S.B. was still in a stressful state since she was

still crying and visibly upset when Elmer talked with her. Because the statements

made to Elmer constitute excited utterances, the trial court did not err by allowing

the statements into evidence.

       {¶32} Accordingly, Haskell’s first assignment of error is overruled.

                        Assignment of Error No. II

       {¶33} In his second assignment of error, Haskell argues that the verdict was

not supported by sufficient evidence. Additionally, Haskell argues that the verdict

was against the manifest weight of the evidence. We disagree.

       {¶34} First, we note that Haskell has combined two arguments into one

assignment of error. Although Haskell has argued both sufficiency and manifest

weight as one argument, they are in fact two separate legal theories, each with

their own standard of review. Therefore, we will address the two separately.

                        Sufficiency of the Evidence

       {¶35} When an appellate court reviews the record for sufficiency, the

relevant inquiry is whether, after viewing the evidence in the light most favorable

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Case No. 16-15-03

to the prosecution, any rational trier of fact could have found that the essential

elements of the crime were proven beyond a reasonable doubt. State v. Monroe,

105 Ohio St.3d 384, 2005-Ohio-2282, ¶ 47. Sufficiency is a test of adequacy.

State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380, 386 (1997), superseded by constitutional

amendment on other grounds as stated in State v. Smith, 80 Ohio St.3d 89 (1997).

Accordingly, the question of whether the offered evidence is sufficient to sustain a

verdict is a question of law. State v. Wingate, 9th Dist. Summit No. 26433, 2013-

Ohio-2079, ¶ 4.

       {¶36} Here, Haskell’s counsel made a Crim.R. 29 motion at the close of the

State’s case-in-chief, and the trial court denied his motion for acquittal.

Thereafter, Haskell proceeded to present evidence in his defense.          Haskell,

however, did not renew his Crim.R. 29 motion at the close of his case-in-chief or

at the conclusion of all the evidence. Thus, according to this court’s precedent,

Haskell has waived all but plain error. State v. Flory, 3d Dist. Van Wert No. 15-

04-18, 2005-Ohio-2251, citing Edwards.

       {¶37} However, “[w]hether a sufficiency of the evidence argument is

reviewed under a prejudicial error standard or under a plain error standard is

academic.” City of Perrysburg v. Miller, 153 Ohio App.3d 665, 2003–Ohio–4221,

¶ 57 (6th Dist.), quoting State v. Brown, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 17891, 2000

WL 966161 (July 14, 2000). Regardless of the standard used, “a conviction based

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on legally insufficient evidence constitutes a denial of due process.” Thompkins,

78 Ohio St.3d at 386–387. Accordingly, we will proceed to determine whether the

State presented sufficient evidence to support Haskell's conviction.

       {¶38} If a person has sexual contact with another, who is not the spouse of

the offender, and the other person is 13-years-old or older but less than 16-years-

old, and the offender is at least 18-years-old and four or more years older than the

other person, then that person is guilty of sexual imposition. R.C. 2907.06(A)(4).

“Sexual contact” is defined as “any touching of an erogenous zone of another,

including without limitation the thigh, genitals, buttock, pubic region, or, if the

person is a female, a breast, for the purpose of sexually arousing or gratifying

either person.” R.C. 2907.01(B). “Mere proof of the act of touching a described

area, however, is insufficient to prove * * * sexual imposition. * * * There must

be some evidence of sexual gratification as the purpose of the touching.” State v.

Edwards, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 81351, 2003-Ohio-998, ¶ 21, citing In re April

Anderson, 116 Ohio App.3d 441, 443 (12th Dist.1996).              However, direct

testimony is not required to prove sexual arousal or gratification. Id. at ¶ 22.

Rather, “the existence of prurient motivations may be discerned from ‘the type,

nature, and circumstances of the contact, along with the personality of the

defendant.’ ” State v. Uhler, 80 Ohio App.3d 113, 123 (9th Dist.1992), quoting

State v. Cobb, 81 Ohio App.3d 179, 185 (9th Dist.1991). “Accordingly, in the

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absence of direct testimony regarding sexual arousal or gratification, the trier of

fact may infer that a defendant was motivated by a desire for sexual arousal or

gratification from the totality of the circumstances.” Edwards at ¶ 22.

       {¶39} At trial, S.B. testified several times that her uncle, Haskell, had

touched her pubic region. Further, it was established that S.B. was not Haskell’s

spouse at the time of the offense. Additionally, both parties stipulated that S.B.

was 14 at the time of the offense and Haskell was 36 at the time of the offense.

Therefore, the State offered evidence of the age requirements of R.C. 2907.06.

Finally, the jury was free to find that the State offered evidence that proved

Haskell was motivated by a desire for sexual arousal or gratification under the

totality of the circumstances.

       {¶40} Under normal circumstances, this would be enough to withstand a

Crim.R. 29 motion. However, R.C. 2907.06(B) requires that a person be found

not guilty of sexual imposition if the only evidence is that of the victim’s

testimony unsupported by other evidence. The Supreme Court of Ohio has found

that the “corroborating evidence necessary to satisfy R.C. 2907.06(B) need not be

independently sufficient to convict the accused, and it need not go to every

essential element of the crime charged. Slight circumstances or evidence which

tends to support the victim’s testimony is satisfactory.” State v. Economo, 76

Ohio St.3d 56, 60 (1996).        In Economo, the court found that the following

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corroborating evidence was sufficient: (1) medical records showed that the victim

and offender had a physician-patient relationship and that the victim had an

appointment to see the doctor the day of the alleged offense; (2) the victim’s friend

testified that she accompanied the victim the day of the alleged offense and was

asked by the victim to accompany her into the examination room; and (3) the

friend testified that she noticed the victim was on the verge of crying as she left

the examination room. Id.

       {¶41} In State v. Lieurance, 3d Dist. Auglaize Nos. 2-12-21, 2-12-23,

2013-Ohio-3875, this court affirmed a conviction for sexual imposition. Id. at ¶

43. In Lieurance, the following corroborating evidence was found to be sufficient:

(1) a witness’ testimony that the victim told him of the incidents shortly after each

occurred; (2) that witness’ testimony that he confronted the defendant regarding

the incidents and that the defendant stated it would never happen again; (3)

statements made by the victim and the victim’s mother reporting the allegations;

(4) the defendant’s statements to law enforcement admitting that he and the victim

were in close proximity to one other on the night of the incident; and (5) the

defendant’s statements to law enforcement that he was intoxicated that night and

could not remember if the incident occurred. Id. at ¶ 29.

       {¶42} Here, there are three separate pieces of corroborating evidence. First,

S.B., through Elmer, reported the allegations soon after the incident occurred

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similar to the victims in Economo and Lieurance. See Economo at 60 (“The fact

that [a friend] accompanied [the victim] to the doctor’s office * * * permits a

reasonable inference that [the victim] reported the alleged sexual activity to her

within seven days of the first incident * * * and four days of the second * * *.”);

Lieurance at ¶ 29; see also State v. Rossi, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 22803, 2009-

Ohio-1963, ¶ 38. Additionally, her statements remained consistent to everyone to

whom she reported the abuse.

       {¶43} Second, Eddy, Elmer, and Deputy Hoy all testified that S.B.

appeared to be upset when they spoke with her. Eddy testified that he had only

heard his daughter cry that hard once before when he told her that her grandfather

had died. Elmer testified that she was crying over the phone and was visibly upset

when she arrived at the scene. Finally, Deputy Hoy testified that S.B. was visibly

upset, her mascara had run on her face, her eyes were bloodshot, and she was

trembling the whole time during his interview. This type of behavior is similar to

the behavior exhibited by the victims in Economo and Rossi. See Economo, 76

Ohio St.3d at 60; Rossi at ¶ 38.

       {¶44} Third, Haskell admitted to being in close proximity to S.B. as well as

admitted that he asked S.B. if she had seen the television remote. At trial, Haskell

testified that he not only slept in the same room as S.B., but also that he went over

to the couch and reached near S.B.’s knee to retrieve a cell phone. See Economo

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at 60 (the victim was in the same room as the defendant when the incident

occurred); Lieurance, 2013-Ohio-3875 at ¶ 29 (defendant admitted that he was in

close proximity to the victim the night of the incident). Also, Haskell’s testimony

that he asked S.B. if she had seen the remote corroborates her testimony that when

Haskell allegedly quickly removed his hand from her pubic region that he asked

her if she had seen the remote.

       {¶45} Since the State presented the testimony of S.B. that was corroborated

by other evidence, the State complied with the requirements of R.C. 2907.06(B).

After viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the State, we find that

any rational trier of fact could have found that the essential elements of sexual

imposition were proven beyond a reasonable doubt.

                      Manifest Weight of the Evidence

       {¶46} When an appellate court analyzes a conviction under the manifest

weight standard, it “sits as the thirteenth juror.” State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d

380, 387 (1997), superseded by constitutional amendment on other grounds as

stated in State v. Smith, 80 Ohio St.3d 83 (1997). Accordingly, it must review the

entire record, weigh all of the evidence and its reasonable inferences, consider the

credibility of the witnesses, and determine whether the fact finder “clearly lost its

way” in resolving evidentiary conflicts and “created such a manifest miscarriage

of justice that the conviction must be reversed and a new trial ordered.” State v.

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Case No. 16-15-03

Martin, 20 Ohio App.3d 172, 175 (1st Dist.1983). When applying the manifest

weight standard, a reviewing court should only reverse a trial court’s judgment “in

exceptional case[s]” when the evidence “weighs heavily against the conviction.”

Id. at paragraph three of the syllabus.

       {¶47} Having disposed of Haskell’s sufficiency arguments, we similarly

reject his manifest weight arguments. The crux of Haskell’s argument seems to be

that the prosecutor placed an emphasis on a gap of time between Haskell’s

testimony regarding when he searched for the cell phone to the point where he

searched for the television remote. Haskell also argues that because the prosecutor

was confused about what Haskell asked S.B., i.e. “where is the cell phone” versus

“where is the remote,” the jury erred by discrediting Haskell’s testimony.

However, the jury heard from S.B. who testified that Haskell was touching her in

her pubic area and that when she awoke Haskell quickly removed his hand and

asked her if she knew where the remote was. The jury never heard S.B. testify

that Haskell asked her where the cell phone was.            That was simply the

prosecutor’s error in saying cell phone instead of remote. Finally, the jury also

heard from three separate people that testified that S.B. told them that Haskell had

touched her inappropriately.

       {¶48} Thus, it appears the jurors found the State’s witnesses more credible

than Haskell’s own testimony. See State v. Wareham, 3d Dist. Crawford No. 3-

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Case No. 16-15-03

12-11, 2013-Ohio-3191, ¶ 25 (“[J]urors are entitled to believe the testimony

offered by the State’s witnesses”); State v. Clark, 101 Ohio App.3d 389, 400 (8th

Dist.1995) (“It is well established that the * * * credibility of witnesses [is]

primarily [a] matter[] for the trier of fact.”). After a thorough review of the record,

we cannot say that this is the exceptional case where the trier of fact lost its way

and committed a miscarriage of justice by finding Haskell guilty of sexual

imposition.

       {¶49} Accordingly, Haskell’s second assignment of error is overruled.

                         Assignment of Error No. III

       {¶50} In his third assignment of error, Haskell argues that the verdict is

contrary to law since the State failed to provide corroborating evidence of S.B.’s

testimony as required by R.C. 2907.06(B). As we discussed in more detail supra,

we find that the following is sufficient to constitute corroborating evidence: (1) the

allegations were quickly reported to law enforcement; (2) three witnesses testified

that S.B. was crying while on the phone and was visibly upset shortly after the

alleged contact; and (3) Haskell’s admission that he was in close proximity to S.B.

the morning of the alleged incident.

       {¶51} Haskell also argues that the jury should have been instructed on this

requirement.    However, the corroborating evidence requirement is a test of

sufficiency, which is an issue of law to be determined by the trial judge. See State

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Case No. 16-15-03

v. Curtis, 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2008-01-008, 2009-Ohio-192, ¶ 93, citing

Economo, 76 Ohio St.3d at 60 (finding the trial court did not err by not instructing

the jury regarding the corroborating evidence requirement). Therefore, the jury

was not required to be instructed on this issue.

       {¶52} Accordingly, Haskell’s third assignment of error is overruled.

       {¶53} Having found no error prejudicial to Haskell in the particulars

assigned and argued, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.

                                                                  Judgment Affirmed

SHAW and WILLAMOWSKI, J.J., concur.

/jlr

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