Court Opinion

ID: 2700087
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2014-08-04 18:13:56.107131+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T13:00:34.424358
License: Public Domain

[Cite as Can-Do Promotions, Inc. v. Hammer, 2011-Ohio-3808.]

                                      COURT OF APPEALS
                                     STARK COUNTY, OHIO
                                  FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

                                                   :      JUDGES:
CAN-DO PROMOTIONS, INC.                            :      William B. Hoffman, P.J.
                                                   :      John W. Wise, J.
                       Plaintiff-Appellant         :      Julie A. Edwards, J.
                                                   :
-vs-                                               :      Case No. 2010CA00178
                                                   :
                                                   :
MICHELLE HAMMER, et al.,                           :      OPINION

                 Defendants-Appellees

CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING:                                   Civil Appeal from Stark County
                                                           Court of Common Pleas Case No.
                                                           2008-CV-03436

JUDGMENT:                                                  Dismissed

DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY:                                    July 25, 2011

APPEARANCES:

For Plaintiff-Appellant                                    For Defendants-Appellees

RICHARD D. REINBOLD, JR.                                   SCOTT M. ZURAKOWSKI, ESQ.
The Carnegie Building                                      Krugliak, Wilkins, Griffiths &
236 third Street, S.W.                                     Dougherty Co., LPA
Canton, Ohio 44702                                         4775 Munson Street, N.W.
                                                           Canton, Ohio 44718
JAMES T. ROBERTSON
WILLIAM S. PIDCOCK
236 third Street, S.W.
Canton, Ohio 44702
[Cite as Can-Do Promotions, Inc. v. Hammer, 2011-Ohio-3808.]

Edwards, J.

        {¶1}    Appellant, Can-Do Promotions, Inc., appeals a judgment of the Stark

County Common Pleas Court entering judgment in accordance with a jury verdict as to

appellee General Commercial Corporation (GCC) and ordering a new trial on the issue

of damages only against appellee Michelle Hammer on the issues of breach of loyalty

and bad faith.

                                  STATEMENT OF FACTS AND CASE

        {¶2}    Appellant and appellee GCC are in the promotional products and

advertising business.        Appellee Hammer was employed by appellant from 1994,

beginning as a secretary and eventually becoming a salesperson. Prior to resigning her

employment with appellant, Hammer copied electronic files from her laptop to a flash

drive, forwarded emails from her work account to a private account and kept the

salesperson’s copy of various purchase orders. Hammer was offered employment by

GCC on November 12, 2007, and agreed to terms of an employment relationship with

GCC in June, 2008.

        {¶3}    Appellant filed the instant action in August, 2008. The case proceeded to

jury trial on April 19, 2010 on a claim of misappropriation of trade secrets against both

GCC and Hammer, and claims of breach of loyalty and bad faith against Hammer.

        {¶4}    The jury returned a general verdict form in favor of appellant against

Hammer, awarding $50,000 as compensatory damages for bad faith, $50,000.00 as

compensatory damages for breach of loyalty, and $0 for misappropriation of trade

secrets. The jury awarded appellant lost profits in the amount of $33,109, for a total

verdict of $133,109.00 against Hammer. The court sent the jury back to reconsider its
Stark County App. Case No. 2010CA00178                                                       3

findings on bad faith and breach of loyalty.         The jury returned with an award of

$13,109.00 for bad faith, $20,000.00 for breach of loyalty, and marked an “X” for

misappropriation of trade secrets. The jury awarded $100,000.00 for lost profits and

entered $100,000.00 as the total damages awarded.

       {¶5}   The jury entered a general verdict in favor of GCC, entering $0 for the

amount of compensatory damages to be awarded against GCC.

       {¶6}   After discussions concerning issues of inconsistencies between the

verdicts and the jury interrogatories, the court set a date for the parties to address the

verdict and its inconsistencies. The court encouraged the parties to settle the matter

and suggested a figure to resolve the case. However, the parties did not reach an

agreement and the court entered judgment on June 18, 2010, which provides in

pertinent part:

       {¶7}   “Here, with regard to Michelle Hammer, the interrogatories are

inconsistent with the general verdict. The intent of the jury as to liability is clear from the

answers to the interrogatories. In reviewing Jury Interrogatory No. 1, it is clear that the

jury did not find that Michelle Hammer misappropriated a trade secret. In reviewing Jury

Interrogatory No. 5 and Jury Interrogatory No. 6 that the jury did find Ms. Hammer

breached a duty of loyalty and acted in bad faith (sic). What is less clear, however, is

the jury’s award of compensatory damages. Accordingly, given the inconsistency, the

Court orders a new trial on the issue of damages for breach of duty of loyalty and bad

faith against Michelle Hammer only.

       {¶8}   “With regard to Defendant GCC, it is clear from the answers to

interrogatories and the general verdict that the jury found no liability on the part of GCC.
Stark County App. Case No. 2010CA00178                                                    4

Even if the Court were to find the verdict form to be inconsistent with the interrogatories

as argued by Plaintiff, the Court, pursuant to Civil Rule 49, may enter judgment

consistent with the answers to the interrogatories.      Thus, the court hereby enters

judgment in favor of GCC.

      {¶9}   “Likewise, the Court directs the verdict on the issue of punitive damages.

      {¶10} “The Court hereby ORDERS a new trial as to what compensatory

damages Plaintiff is entitled to against Defendant Michelle Hammer as to Plaintiff’s

claims for Breach of Duty of Loyalty and Bad Faith.

      {¶11} “The Court hereby schedules a pretrial for June 29, 2010 at 10:30 a.m.”

      {¶12} Appellant assigns four errors to this judgment:

      {¶13} “I. THE JURY VERDICTS FINDING THAT CAN-DO WAS ENTITLED TO

ZERO DAMAGES FROM MICHELLE HAMMER AND GCC ON CAN-DO’S CLAIM OF

MISAPPROPRIATION OF TRADE SECRETS, WHILE SIMULTANEOUSLY ENTERING

GENERAL VERDICTS IN FAVOR OF CAN-DO AND AGAINST BOTH MICHELLE

HAMMER AND GCC WITH RESPECT TO THAT SAME TRADE SECRET

MISAPPROPRIATION CLAIM, IS AGAINST THE MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE

EVIDENCE.

      {¶14} “II. THE JURY VERDICTS, ENTERING A GENERAL VERDICT FOR

CAN-DO AND AGAINST GCC, AND SIMULTANEOUSLY FOR GCC AND AGAINST

CAN-DO, ARE INCONSISTENT AND IRRECONCILABLE AND IT WAS ERROR FOR

THE TRIAL COURT TO ENTER JUDGMENT ON SUCH VERDICTS.

      {¶15} “III.   TO      THE    EXTENT      THAT      THE     INCONSISTENT         AND

IRRECONCILABLE VERDICTS SUPPORT A FINDING THAT CAN-DO FAILED TO
Stark County App. Case No. 2010CA00178                                                   5

ESTABLISH MISAPPROPRIATION OF TRADE SECRETS BY THE DEFENDANTS,

SUCH VERDICTS ARE AGAINST THE MAINFEST [SIC] WEIGHT OF THE

EVIDENCE.

       {¶16} “IV. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN REFUSING TO PERMIT CAN-DO TO

INTRODUCE EVIDENCE THAT GCC WAS PAYING THE ATTORNEY’S FEES FOR

ITS CO-DEFENDANT MICHELLE HAMMER.”

       {¶17} We first address the issue of whether the order appealed from is a final,

appealable order.

       {¶18} When determining whether a judgment or order is final and appealable, an

appellate court engages in a two-step analysis. First, we must determine if the order is

final within the requirements of R.C. 2505.02. Second, if the order satisfies the

requirements of R.C. 2505.02, we must determine whether Civ.R. 54(B) applies and, if

so, whether the order contains a certification that there is no just reason for delay. Gen.

Acc. Ins. Co. v. Ins. Co. of N. Am. (1989), 44 Ohio St.3d 17, 21, 540 N.E.2d 266.

       {¶19} To constitute a final order, an order must fit into one of the categories in

R.C. 2505.02(B), which provides in pertinent part:

       {¶20} “(B) An order is a final order that may be reviewed, affirmed, modified, or

reversed, with or without retrial, when it is one of the following:

       {¶21} “(1) An order that affects a substantial right in an action that in effect

determines the action and prevents a judgment;”

       {¶22} Civ. R. 54(B) provides for entry of a final order when the claims of all

parties have not been adjudicated upon a finding of no just cause for delay:
Stark County App. Case No. 2010CA00178                                                    6

       {¶23} “(B) Judgment upon multiple claims or involving multiple parties.

When more than one claim for relief is presented in an action whether as a claim,

counterclaim, cross-claim, or third-party claim, and whether arising out of the same or

separate transactions, or when multiple parties are involved, the court may enter final

judgment as to one or more but fewer than all of the claims or parties only upon an

express determination that there is no just reason for delay. In the absence of a

determination that there is no just reason for delay, any order or other form of decision,

however designated, which adjudicates fewer than all the claims or the rights and

liabilities of fewer than all the parties, shall not terminate the action as to any of the

claims or parties, and the order or other form of decision is subject to revision at any

time before the entry of judgment adjudicating all the claims and the rights and liabilities

of all the parties.”

       {¶24} Although this Court regularly addresses issues concerning Civ. R. 54(B) in

a summary judgment context, Civ. R. 58 specifically makes the entry of a jury verdict

subject to Civ. R. 54(B):

       {¶25} “(A) Preparation; entry; effect. Subject to the provisions of Rule 54(B),

upon a general verdict of a jury, upon a decision announced, or upon the determination

of a periodic payment plan, the court shall promptly cause the judgment to be prepared

and, the court having signed it, the clerk shall thereupon enter it upon the journal. A

judgment is effective only when entered by the clerk upon the journal.”

       {¶26} In the instant case, the court entered judgment in favor of GCC based on

the jury’s verdict, but did not include Civ. R. 54(B) language. Although the judge did not

order a new trial on the issue of misappropriation of trade secrets against Hammer, the
Stark County App. Case No. 2010CA00178                                                 7

court did not enter judgment consistent with the jury’s verdict.      Further, the court

ordered a new trial on the issue of compensatory damages for breach of loyalty and bad

faith against Hammer.    Appellant has raised assignments of error as to the claims of

misappropriation of trade secrets against both Hammer and GCC. Because the court

has yet to enter judgment on the jury verdict concerning Hammer’s misappropriation of

trade secrets and claims remain pending in the trial court against Hammer, judgment is

not final against Hammer. Further, although the judgment appealed from does enter

judgment in favor of GCC, the judgment does not include the determination required by

Civ. R. 54(B) that there is no just cause for delay, and Civ. R. 58 expressly makes entry

of judgment on a jury verdict subject to the requirements of Civ. R. 54(B). See also

McKenzie v. Payne, Cuyahoga App. No. 83610, 2004-Ohio-2341 (jury verdict can

remain interlocutory where other claims remain pending).
Stark County App. Case No. 2010CA00178                                           8

      {¶27} The judgment appealed from is not a final, appealable order. The appeal

is dismissed.

By: Edwards, J.

Hoffman, P.J. and

Wise, J. concur

                                               ______________________________

                                               ______________________________

                                               ______________________________

                                                          JUDGES

JAE/r0601
[Cite as Can-Do Promotions, Inc. v. Hammer, 2011-Ohio-3808.]

               IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FOR STARK COUNTY, OHIO

                                  FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

CAN-DO PROMOTIONS, INC.                             :
                                                    :
                          Plaintiff-Appellant       :
                                                    :
                                                    :
-vs-                                                :          JUDGMENT ENTRY
                                                    :
MICHELLE HAMMER, et al.,                            :
                                                    :
                     Defendants-Appellees           :          CASE NO. 2010CA00178

       For the reasons stated in our accompanying Memorandum-Opinion on file, the

appeal is dismissed. Costs assessed to appellant.

                                                        _________________________________

                                                        _________________________________

                                                        _________________________________

                                                                       JUDGES