Court Opinion

ID: 4096276
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2016-11-08 05:43:31.888604+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:18:26.225195
License: Public Domain

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE STATE OF WASHINGTON

CALIBRATE PROPERTY
MANAGEMENT, LLC,                                     No. 73796-1-1

                      Respondent,                    DIVISION ONE

              v.                                     UNPUBLISHED OPINION

MICHAEL NHYE & LACY JOLIN,

                      Appellants.                    FILED: November 7, 2016
                                                                                     C

      Trickey, A.C.J. — Michael Nhye and Lacy Jolin contend the trial court erred in

entering a judgment of unlawful detainer againstthem and denying their motion to vacate
the judgment and stay execution of the writ of restitution. At the show cause hearing,
Nhye entered into an agreed judgment while Jolin neither appeared nor presented
evidence refuting the landlord's claims. Nhye and Jolin fail to provide a basis for vacating
the judgment under CR 60(b) or for reviewing it on appeal. We find no error and affirm.
                                             FACTS

       The material facts are undisputed. On March 11, 2014, Michael Nhye and Lacy
Jolin entered into a lease agreement with Calibrate Property Management, LLC
(Calibrate) for the premises known as Marina Club Apartments, 2445 South 222nd Street,
Unit A304, Des Moines, Washington (the property).1 The lease commenced on April 1,
2014 and expired on March 31, 2015. Under the lease, Nhye and Jolin were required to
pay $1,150 in rent and $95 for utilities each month.
       In early 2015, Nhye was offered a new six-month lease, which included a new
rental rate. He declined the offer. After their current lease expired, Nhye and Jolin

1The lease agreement lists Olympic Management Company as the landlord; there appears to be
no dispute as to Calibrate's status as its successor-in-interest.
No. 73796-1-1/2

continued in possession of the property without signing a new lease. They continued

paying the same amount of rent and utilities. On May 6, 2015, they were each served

with a 10-day notice to comply with lease or quit premises for failure to pay the

outstanding amount of $870. This amount included a $200 month-to-month fee and a

$235 rental increase for the months of April and May, 2015. Nhye and Jolin did not pay

the additional amounts and remained in possession of the property.

       Calibrate initiated an unlawful detainer action on May 22, 2015, and filed a

complaint on June 3, 2015. Nhye and Jolin appeared pro se and answered the complaint,

asserting affirmative defenses of retaliatory eviction and discrimination. Nhye appeared

without Jolin at the show cause hearing on June 18, 2015; the trial court found her to be

in default.

       At the hearing, the trial court requested Nhye to speak with an attorney from the

Housing Justice Project. The attorney negotiated with Calibrate on Nhye's behalf. Nhye
agreed to entry of the agreed findings of fact, conclusions of law, and judgment (the
judgment). The judgment stated that Nhye and Jolin were in unlawful detainer and owed
monthly rent and other fees totaling $2,455.00. It also imposed an additional $46.16 per
day for each day that they remained in possession after June 30, 2015. The judgment
also issued a writ of restitution but prohibited any physical eviction from taking place

before July 6, 2015.

        On June 24, 2015, Nhye and Jolin filed a motion to vacate the judgment and to
stay theenforcement of the writ of restitution. In this motion they argued that the judgment
was invalid because they did not owe any back rent and Calibrate brought the action in
retaliation for complaints they filed with the City of Des Moines. They also claimed that
No. 73796-1-1/3

the judgment was void and unenforceable against Jolin because she was excluded from

any offer to renew the terms of the lease agreement.

       On June 25, 2015, the trial court denied the motion to vacate the judgment. In its

oral ruling, the court found the following:

               [Gjiven that you were present. Given that you signed the order. And
       that that judgment was entered. I can find no fault with the entry of judgment
       sufficient to vacate it. I am not, at this time, going to vacate it.

             It's not that I don't understand your frustration or your concern. But,
       the issue before me is whether or not that judgment was entered
       appropriately, and I can find no fault.

             You were informed. You were - you had an opportunity to speak to
       counsel. The order was signed. You agreed to it. The Court's going to find
       that the judgment stays in place.[2]

Nhye and Jolin appeal the trial court's order denying their motion to vacate the judgment

and stay the execution of the writ of restitution.

                                         ANALYSIS

                        Motion to Vacate Judgment under CR 60(b)

       Nhye and Jolin appeal the order denying their motion to vacate the judgment and

stay execution of the writ of restitution under CR 60(b)(4). They argue fraud, duress, lies,

and raise the affirmative defenses of insufficient notice, discrimination, and retaliation.

       We review a decision on a motion to vacate a judgment for abuse of discretion.

State v. Santos. 104 Wash. 2d 142, 145, 702 P.2d 1179 (1985); Mosbrucker v. Greenfield

Implement. Inc.. 54 Wash. App. 647, 651, 774 P.2d 1267 (1989). We also review the

decision whether to stay execution of a writ of restitution for abuse of discretion. CR

62(b). A trial court abuses its discretion if the decision is based on untenable grounds or

2Verbatim Report of Proceedings (VRP) at 7-8.
                                                3
No. 73796-1-1/4

for untenable reasons. Shaw v. City of Pes Moines. 109 Wash. App. 896, 900-01, 37 P.3d
1255 (2002).      Unchallenged findings of fact are verities on appeal. Cowiche Canyon

Conservancy v. Boslev. 118 Wash. 2d 801, 819, 828 P .2d 549 (1992). Unchallenged

conclusions of law become the law of the case. King Aircraft Sales. Inc. v. Lane. 68 Wn.

App. 706, 716-17, 846 P.2d 550 (1993).

        CR 60(b)(4) authorizes a trial court to vacate a judgment for "[fjraud . . .

misrepresentation, or other misconduct of an adverse party." "The party attacking a

judgment under CR 60(b)(4) must establish the fraud, misrepresentation, or other

misconduct by clear and convincing evidence." Lindgren v. Lindgren, 58 Wash. App. 588,

596, 794 P.2d 526 (1990). A party cannot assert an underlying cause of action for fraud

that does not relate to the procurement of the judgment. Lindgren, 58 Wash. App. at 596.

Rather, the "fraudulent conduct or misrepresentation must cause the entry of the

judgment such that the losing party was prevented from fully and fairly presenting its case

or defense." Lindgren, 58 Wash. App. at 596 (emphasis omitted).

        Nhye and Jolin argue that the trial court erred when it denied their motion to vacate

the judgment because the judgment was obtained by fraud, misrepresentation, or

misconduct.3 They claim that Nhye's attorney induced him to sign and agree to entry of

the judgment "by virtue of duress, lies, and among other things."4 Nhye and Jolin argue

that the trial court should have vacated the judgment because Nhye was coerced into

being represented by the Housing Justice Project. They argue that Nhye's attorney did

3 On appeal, Nhye and Jolin do not state specifically which subsection of CR 60(b) provides a
basis for vacating the judgment. In their motion before the trial court, they cite "CR 60(b)(4)(H)."
Clerk's Papers (CP) at 56. We therefore address their arguments under both CR 60(b)(4) and
(11).
4 Br. of Appellant at 5-6.
                                                 4
No. 73796-1-1/5

a poor job of representing him and lied in order to convince him to sign an agreement that

resulted in their eviction. Nhye and Jolin also claim that the trial court "overstepped its

bounds when it decided to assign an [ajttorney to [Nhye]."5

       Nhye and Jolin neither address the elements of fraud nor do they identify the

precise nature of the alleged misconduct. Failure to prove any one of the nine stated

elements of fraud is fatal to recovery. Markov v. ABC Transfer & Storage Co.. 76 Wash. 2d
388, 395,457 P.2d 535 (1969). Advising Nhye to enter into an agreed judgment is neither

unlawful nor does it even remotely suggest a fraudulent attempt to conspire with the

landlord. At the hearing on the motion to vacate, Nhye admitted that he did "know that

[he] was signing the order."6 Furthermore, there is no evidence in the record of any fraud,

misrepresentation, or misconduct committed by the opposing party, the trial court, or

Nhye's counsel. Nhye and John's conclusory allegations of fraud are without merit.

       Nhye and Jolin also do not establish a basis for vacating the judgment under CR

60(b)(11). This catch-all subsection allows for a judgment to be vacated for "[a]ny other

reason justifying relief from the operation of the judgment." CR 60(b)(11). Application of

this provision is limited, however, to "'situations involving extraordinary circumstances not

covered by any other section of the rule.'" Barr v. MacGugan, 119 Wash. App. 43, 46, 78
P.3d 660 (2003) (internal quotation marks omitted) (quoting Gustafson v. Gustafson, 54
Wash. App. 66, 75, 772 P.2d 1031 (1989)).              Extraordinary circumstances involve

"'irregularities which are extraneous to the action of the court or go to the question ofthe
regularity of its proceedings.'" Tatham v. Rogers. 170 Wash. App. 76, 100, 283 P.3d 583
(2012) (internal quotation marks omitted) (quoting In re Marriage of Flannagan. 42 Wash.
5 Br. of Appellant at 24.
6 VRP at 7.
No. 73796-1-1/6

App. 214, 221, 709 P.2d 1247 (1985)). Errors of law do not justify vacating an order under

CR 60(b)(11). Union Bank, NA. v. Vanderhoek Assocs.. LLC. 191 Wash. App. 836, 843,

365 P.3d 223 (2015).

       Nhye and Jolin argue that the judgment should be vacated because the trial court

"erred in ignoring the fact that [they] were being retaliated against," and "discriminated

against, even though they raised the issue in their Answer and Affirmative Defenses."7

Here, the trial court's consideration of their affirmative defenses is not an error that is

extraneous to the action or affects the regularity of the proceedings. See Burlingame v.

Consol. Mines & Smelting Co.. Ltd.. 106 Wash. 2d 328, 336, 722 P.2d 67 (1986)

("[Insufficiency of the evidence is not an error that is extraneous to the action or affects

the regularity of the proceedings.").        Nhye and Jolin have not shown that their

circumstances warrant relief under CR 60(b)(11). The trial court did not err when it denied

their motion to vacate the judgment and stay the writ of execution.

                               Direct Appeal of the Judgment

       Nhye and Jolin also challenge the judgment on direct appeal, citing their affirmative

defenses of retaliatory eviction and discrimination.8 They argue that they were unfairly

targeted for rental denials, evictions, and increased charges based on their race and their

familial status. Nhye and Jolin also contend that Calibrate initiated this eviction action in

retaliation against them for filing complaints with the City of Des Moines' code

7 Br. of Appellant at 6-7.
8 Nhye and Jolin also raised their affirmative defenses as grounds for vacation of the judgment
under CR 60(b). These issues allege errors of law, which cannot be corrected by a motion to
vacate. The review of a decision on a motion to vacate is limited to the decision on the motion,
not the underlying judgment. Biurstrom v. Campbell. 27 Wash. App. 449, 450-51, 618 P.2d 533
(1980). The exclusive procedure to attack an allegedly defective judgment is by appealing the
judgment, not the order denying the motion to vacate. Biurstrom. 27 Wash. App. at 451.

                                               6
No. 73796-1-1/7

enforcement office. In addition, Nhye and Jolin raise issues of insufficient notice and

waiver of right to bring an unlawful detainer action. According to them, the judgment was

improper because Calibrate failed to provide them with written notice of a rent increase,

in violation of the Residential Landlord-Tenant Act of 1973, chapter 59.18 RCW. They

also argue that Calibrate waived its right to bring an eviction action by accepting their

payment within the notice period and later returning it.

       While the judgment was entered against both Nhye and Jolin, they stand in

different procedural postures with regard to its appeal. Nhye attended the show cause

hearing and agreed to the judgment's entry. In contrast, the judgment was entered

against Jolin because she failed to attend the hearing or provide evidence that would
support a defense to nonpayment of rent. We therefore address each party's argument

separately.

       Nhye seeks to appeal an agreed judgment.9 "A judgment by consentorstipulation
of the parties is construed as a contract between them embodying the terms of the
judgment. It excuses all prior errors and operates to end all controversy between the
parties, within the scope of the judgment." Wash. Asphalt Co. v. Harold Kaeser Co., 51
Wash. 2d 89, 91, 316 P.2d 126 (1957). "In the absence of fraud, mistake, or want of

jurisdiction, a judgment by consent will not be reviewed on appeal." Wash. Asphalt, 51
Wn.2dat91.

9Calibrate characterizes the judgment as a settlement agreement subjectto the provisions ofCR
2A. "CR 2A applies only when (1) the agreementwas made by the parties or attorneys 'in respect
tothe proceedings in a cause[,]' and (2) the purport of theagreement isdisputed." In re Patterson,
93 Wash. App. 579, 582, 969 P.2d 1106 (1999) (alteration in original) (quoting In re Marriage of
Ferree. 71 Wash. App. 35, 39, 856 P.2d 706 (1993)). "The "purport" of an agreement is disputed
only when its existence or material terms are disputed.'" Patterson. 93 Wash. App. at 584 (quoting
Ferree, 71 Wash. App. at 40). Nhye and Jolin neither dispute that Nhye signed the judgment nor
do they dispute any of its terms. Rather, they argue that it should bevacated orreversed because
of fraud, coercion, and other misconduct.
                                                7
No. 73796-1-1/8

       Nhye and Jolin raise no issues regarding jurisdiction or mistake, only that the

judgment was obtained by fraudulent means. As discussed earlier, however, Nhye and

Jolin have provided no evidence to substantiate their fraud claims. Nor is there evidence

in the record to support their claims of retaliatory eviction or insufficient notice of the

action. But even with evidence, these defenses would not provide a basis for review of

an agreed judgment. Because he agreed to its entry and cannot show fraud, mistake, or

want of jurisdiction, Nhye cannot appeal the judgment.

       Nhye and Jolin also argue that the trial court erred when it entered the judgment

against Jolin. The trial court found that Jolin "did not appear, and, thus, [was] in default."10

In an unlawful detainer action, a default judgment must be entered ifa party against whom

judgment is sought fails to appear and defend the suit against him. RCW 59.12.120.

Jolin, however, appeared in the action and answered the complaint. Therefore, the trial

court's conclusion that she was in default is incorrect.11

       John's failure to appear at the show cause hearing, however, does impact our

review of the judgment with regards to her.              Show cause hearings are summary

proceedings to determine the issue of possession pending a lawsuit. Meadow Park v.

Canlev, 54 Wash. App. 372, 374-75, 773 P.2d 875 (1989). "It is the landlord's burden in an

unlawful detainer action to prove, by a preponderance of the evidence, the right to

possession of the premises." Indigo Real Estate Servs.. Inc. v. Wadsworth, 169Wn.App.

412, 421, 280 P.3d 506 (2012). In this proceeding, "[t]he court shall examine the parties

and witnesses orally to ascertain the merits of the complaint and answer, and if it shall

10 CP at 48.
11 The trial court did not enter a default judgment against Jolin; the finding of default was
interlineated in the recitals portion of the judgment.
                                                  8
No. 73796-1-1/9

appear that the plaintiff has the right to be restored to possession of the property, the

court shall enter an order directing the issuance of a writ of restitution." RCW 59.18.380.

      While the show cause hearing is not usually the final determination of the rights of

the parties, the court may grant to the landlord any other relief requested in the unlawful

detainer complaint—such as an order and judgment—if there is no substantial issue of
material fact affecting the landlord's right to that relief. RCW 59.18.380; Hartson P'ship

v. Goodwin, 99 Wash. App. 227, 231, 991 P.2d 1211 (2000). If the court finds "a genuine

issue of a material fact pertaining to a legal or equitable defense or set-off raised in the

defendant's answer, the court shall grant or deny so much of plaintiffs other relief sought

and so much of defendant's defenses or set-off claimed, as may be proper." RCW

59.18.380.

       Here, by failing to attend the hearing, Jolin waived her opportunity to present
factual evidence to defeat Calibrate's claims and show that she had any legal justification

for not paying rent. We find no error in the trial court's entry of judgment of unlawful
detainer and issuing a writ of restitution against her. We affirm the judgment and order
denying the motion to vacate but remand for amendment of the judgment to remove the
finding of default against Jolin.

                                    Attorney Fees and Costs

       Calibrate asks this court for an award of its attorney fees and costs under RCW

59.18.290(2) and RAP 18.1 for having to defend a frivolous appeal. Under RAP 18.1, a
party on appeal is entitled to attorney fees where applicable law authorizes the award.
No. 73796-1-1/10

RCW 59.18.290 provides for an award of attorney fees to the prevailing party. The lease

also provides for attorney fees and costs to Calibrate in the event of a tenant's breach.

As the prevailing party, Calibrate is entitled to an award of attorney fees on appeal subject

to compliance with RAP 18.1.

       Affirmed and remanded for amendment.

WE CONCUR:
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