Court Opinion

ID: 8753732
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2022-11-26 11:37:26.795564+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T17:01:07.069272
License: Public Domain

PARDEE, Circuit Judge.
Conceding the regularity and validity of the proceedings in the state of New Jersey under Pub. Laws April 21, 1896, c. 187 (P. R. 1896, p. 319), as set forth in the quasi plea in abatement, still we think said plea comes too late, and is bad in substance. It is not a plea to the merits, but sets up facts which were in existence long before the trial of the action on the merits in the Circuit Court. The Atlantic Rumber Company was charged with knowledge of such facts, and admits actual knowledge before hearing on error in this court. To allow the plea now is to put the Atlantic Rumber Company in the attitude of successfully experimenting with the court.
Section 53 of the Pamphlet Laws of New Jersey of 1896 (P. L. p. 295) is as follows:
“All corporations, whether they expire by their 'own limitation or be annulled by the Legislature or otherwise dissolved, shall be continued bodies corporate for the purpose of prosecuting and defending suits by or against them, and of enabling them to settle and close their affairs, to dispose of and convey their property and to divide their capital, but not for .the purpose of continuing the business for which they were established.”
The word “suits” is a very comprehensive term, and includes all actions at law, ex contráctu and ex delicto, and all actions in equity. See Weston v. Charleston, 2 Pet. 449, 7 L. Ed. 481; Bouv. Raw Dict. verbo “Suits.” This section 53, therefore, in terms, fully provides for the continuation of suits by or against the dissolved corporation, notwithstanding the. dissolution, and such is the construction of the New Jersey courts. Grey v. Newark Plankroad Co., 65 N. J. Raw, 603, 48 Atl. 557. S,ee American Surety Company v. Great White Spirit Company, 58 N. J. Eq. 526, 43 Atl. 579. The same construction has been given in the Fourth Circuit in Boyd v. Hankinson et al., 92 Fed. 49, 34 C. C. A. 197.
The sections succeeding section 53, Pamphlet Laws aforesaid — 54 to 60 — do not, in our opinion, in any wise limit the scope of section 53, but, in line therewith, relate to proceedings to be had in the matter of winding up dissolved Corporations.
*341It is suggested that, as the New Jersey proceedings dissolved the corporation, the present suit must abate, notwithstanding section 53, because it is a personal action for malicious prosecution, and therefore cannot survive dissolution. The first answer to this is that the New jersey proceedings did not dissolve the corporation, quoad the prosecution of suits, and that statute is controlling in the matter. See sections 53, 59, New Jersey Laws, supra. The second answer is that this suit is not one of those actions for personal injuries which, under section 989 of the Revised Statutes of Florida, of 1892, die with the person. While, in a general way, it would be called an action for malicious prosecution, it is really an action to recover damages for trespass upon property; or, as otherwise stated, it is an action to recover damages to the estate, business, and credit of the Bucki & Son Lumber Company. The distinction is recognized by the Supreme Court of Florida in Jacksonville St. Ry. Co. v. Chappell, 22 Fla. 616, 1 South. 10, and we think sound reason requires the holding that where the damages from a tort are to the estate of the plaintiff, as distinguished from damages to the person, the right of action survives. For authorities on the subject, see 25 Ency. Pl. & Pr. p. 328.
The order of the Circuit Court staying the execution issued under the judgment of this court for costs appears to- be based upon the following state of facts: The Atlantic Lumber Company had recovered a judgment in the Circuit Court, afterwards affirmed by this court, against the Bucki & Son Lumber Company. Subsequently the Bucki & Son Lumber Company obtained a judgment in the Circuit Court, rendered on mandate from this court, against the Fidelity & Deposit Company of Maryland, growing out of matters wherein the Fidelity Company was a surety for the Atlantic Lumber Company. Thereupon the Atlantic Lumber Company assigned its judgment against the Bucki & Son Lumber Company to the Fidelity Company to be used as a partial set-off, and proceedings to compel such set-off were instituted, and are still pending. Now the Atlantic Lumber Company claims that the execution issued against itself under the mandate of this court in the instant case, and in favor of the Bucki & Son Lumber Company, should he stayed to await the event — the success or failure of the Fidelity Company to obtain the set-off above referred to — with the view that, if the Fidelity Company fails to establish its right to set off the judgment in favor of the Atlantic Lumber Company and against the Bucki & Son Lumber Company against the judgment in favor of the Bucki & Son Lumber Company against itself, then a reassignment of the judgment obtained by the Atlantic Lumber Company against the Bucki & Son Lumber Company will enable the Atlantic Lumber Company to plead the same as a set-off against the judgment and execution for costs rendered under our mandate in the instant case. On this state of facts, it seems that the order staying the execution was improvident. The Fidelity Company is no party to the present suit, the Atlantic Lumber Company owns no judgment against the Bucki & Son Lumber Company, and is not entitled to have execution against itself stayed to await a possibility that it may some time have a judgment which it may be able to plead as a set-off.
*342This seems to dispose of the order staying execution', but there is a further answer: Prior to the obtaining of judgment in the instant case against the Atlantic Lumber Company, the Bucki & Son Lumber Company had assigned the cause of action to petitioner IT. Bisbee, who, at the time judgment was tendered, was the owmer of the same. It seems to be reasonably well settled that “an assignment of a demand before the entry of judgment upon it gives to the assignee a superior equity to that of a party claiming a right to set off a judgment previously recovered against the assignor, and prevents the right of set-off from accruing, since there can be no right of set-off under judgments until both exist.” 25 Ency. Law, p. 618, note 5. We do not think that the Atlantic Lumber Company is in any position to question the assignment to Bisbee. It appears to have been in consideration of professional services rendered and to be rendered, and for moneys, costs, and expenses of litigation advanced. Outside of the assignment, Bisbee, as attorney recovering the judgment, has a lien on the same, not to be divested by any set-off of judgment recovered on prior independent transaction. Carter v. Bennett, 6 Fla. 214, 258, 259; Carter v. Davis, 8 Fla. 183. See In re Paschall, 10 Wall. 483, 496, 19 L. Ed. 992; Central Railroad & Banking Co. of Georgia v. Pettus, 113 U. S. 117, 127, 5 Sup. Ct. 387, 28 L. Ed. 915.
From what we have said, it follows that in our opinion the quasi plea in abatement should not have been permitted filed, and, if filed, should have been promptly overruled, and that the order staying the execution for costs, as directed in our mandate, should not have been granted. It was granted without authority, and upon an insufficient case.
And that brings us to what we think is the real question, to wit, what, if any, relief can be granted petitioner in the present proceedings? There is no question that the rulings upon the plea and the order staying execution directly tended to hinder and delay, if not entirely defeat, the execution of our mandate. It may be admitted that, if the Circuit Court had finally ruled adversely to petitioner upon either the plea or the right to a stay of execution, the petitioner could have prosecuted a writ of error; and it may be that, if relief should be denied petitioner in the present proceedings, eventually a ruling will be had upon those questions in tire Circuit Court, and from such ruling, if adverse, he can prosecute a writ of error. But the case shows that the Circuit Court has not finally ruled on either proposition, and that a ruling at any day certain is not to be expected; and to compel petitioner tO' await such indefinite ruling, and then possibly be driven to a writ of error, will cause irreparable injury to petitioner. .In regard to the ruling staying the execution issued under the mandate of this court, we think that, in accordance with the undisputed authorities, a mandamus may issue, and that being the case, and as the full record of.the pro-, ceedings upon the alleged plea are now before us, and nothing but delay and injury can result from driving petitioner' to await a ruling thereon and then sue out a writ of error, we are disposed to deal with the case on the whole record as though properl}'- before us upon a writ of error. We think such ruling is supported by sound reason. To deny relief at this time, with the full record before us, with a view that *343some time in the hereafter the petitioner may bring again before us on writ of error, is to stickle for forms rather than merit and substance. This long drawn out litigation will never have an end if we ignore adjudicated rights and encourage the continued wrestling with technicalities. The case of Gaines v. Rugg, 148 U. S. 228, 13 Sup. Ct. 611, 37 T. Ed. 432, recognizes the right of the appellate court to deal with obstructions to its mandate by mandamus, and we consider it decidedly in point.
A mandamus will issue as prayed for.