Court Opinion

ID: 9947045
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2024-03-01 21:09:12.24731+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:25:45.769568
License: Public Domain

Diaz v City of New York
               2024 NY Slip Op 30610(U)
                    February 27, 2024
           Supreme Court, New York County
        Docket Number: Index No. 158210/2023
                  Judge: Arlene P. Bluth
Cases posted with a "30000" identifier, i.e., 2013 NY Slip
 Op 30001(U), are republished from various New York
 State and local government sources, including the New
  York State Unified Court System's eCourts Service.
 This opinion is uncorrected and not selected for official
                       publication.
  FILED: NEW YORK COUNTY CLERK 02/27/2024 02:31 PM                                                                   INDEX NO. 158210/2023
  NYSCEF DOC. NO. 26                                                                                           RECEIVED NYSCEF: 02/27/2024

                                   SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK
                                             NEW YORK COUNTY
            PRESENT:             HON. ARLENE P. BLUTH                                            PART                              14
                                                                                      Justice
            ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------X   INDEX NO.          158210/2023
             JOHNNY DIAZ,
                                                                                                 MOTION DATE         02/23/2024
                                                         Petitioner,
                                                                                                 MOTION SEQ. NO.         001
                                                 -v-
             CITY OF NEW YORK, NEW YORK CITY PENSION FUND                                          DECISION + ORDER ON
                                                                                                         MOTION
                                                         Respondents.
            ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------X

            The following e-filed documents, listed by NYSCEF document number (Motion 001) 1- 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
            11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 21, 22, 23, 24
            were read on this motion to/for                                                       ARTICLE 78                       .

                      Respondents’ cross-motion to dismiss the petition is granted.

            Background

                      This proceeding concerns petitioner’s demand that he receive his police officer pension

            despite pleading guilty to two felonies. Petitioner contends that he worked for the NYPD for 20

            years, “had great ties to the community” and that his performance as an officer was “exemplary”

            (NYSCEF Doc. No. 1, ¶¶ 4,5). He admits, however, that he was convicted of two felonies in

            2018 and was subsequently fired from his job as a police officer as a result. Respondents observe

            that petitioner pled guilty to felonies for criminal possession of a controlled substance and for

            receiving a bribe. Petitioner acknowledges that he served four years in jail and alleges he is

            currently on probation.

                       He contends that he was fully vested in his pension benefits prior to his dismissal but

            received a letter from respondents denying him these benefits. Petitioner includes a letter dated

            April 18, 2023 in which respondent the New York City Pension Fund noted that because he was
             158210/2023 DIAZ, JOHNNY vs. CITY OF NEW YORK ET AL                                                     Page 1 of 6
             Motion No. 001

                                                                           1 of 6
[* 1]
  FILED: NEW YORK COUNTY CLERK 02/27/2024 02:31 PM                                                  INDEX NO. 158210/2023
  NYSCEF DOC. NO. 26                                                                        RECEIVED NYSCEF: 02/27/2024

            convicted of a felony, the NYC Administrative Code required a forfeiture of his pension benefits

            (NYSCEF Doc. No. 2). The letter noted that he would, instead, receive a return of his

            contributions to the pension fund plus accumulated interest (id.).

                    Petitioner complains that the denial of his pension benefits violates the Equal Protection

            Clause because other civil service employees, such as firefighters or teachers, can still receive

            their pension even if they are convicted of a felony. He insists there is no rational basis for this

            different treatment.

                    Respondents cross-move to dismiss on the ground that the instant proceeding is untimely.

            They argue that the relevant date for the statute of limitations is August 14, 2018—when

            petitioner pled guilty to two felonies and when he was terminated. Respondents insist that he

            lost his right to receive a pension by operation of law on that date. They characterize his

            application for pension benefits in April 2023 as a mere inquiry into the status of his pension and

            not a basis to restart the statute of limitations.

                    With respect to the equal protection clause argument, respondents contend that police

            officers and firefighters (they too can lose their pensions if convicted of a felony) are treated

            differently from teachers and other civil servants because they take an oath of public service and

            are held to a higher standard of conduct. Respondents contend that the threat of losing a pension

            represents a legitimate government interest in deterring misconduct.

                    In reply and in opposition to the cross-motion, petitioner again insists his service for the

            NYPD was exemplary and that police officers should not be treated differently from other civil

            service employees. He claims that the instant proceeding is timely because it was commenced in

            response to the denial of his application for pension benefits. Petitioner insists that the oath he

            took for his position as a police officer is irrelevant.

             158210/2023 DIAZ, JOHNNY vs. CITY OF NEW YORK ET AL                                    Page 2 of 6
             Motion No. 001

                                                             2 of 6
[* 2]
  FILED: NEW YORK COUNTY CLERK 02/27/2024 02:31 PM                                                  INDEX NO. 158210/2023
  NYSCEF DOC. NO. 26                                                                        RECEIVED NYSCEF: 02/27/2024

            Discussion

                   In an Article 78 proceeding, “the issue is whether the action taken had a rational basis

            and was not arbitrary and capricious” (Ward v City of Long Beach, 20 NY3d 1042, 1043, 962

            NYS2d 587 [2013] [internal quotations and citation omitted]). “An action is arbitrary and

            capricious when it is taken without sound basis in reason or regard to the facts” (id.). “If the

            determination has a rational basis, it will be sustained, even if a different result would not be

            unreasonable” (id.). “Arbitrary action is without sound basis in reason and is generally taken

            without regard to the facts” (Matter of Pell v Board of Educ. of Union Free Sch. Dist. No. 1 of

            Towns of Scarsdale & Mamaroneck, Westchester County, 34 NY2d 222, 231, 356 NYS2d 833

            [1974]).

            Statute of Limitations

                   The relevant section of the New York City Administrative Code provides that:

                    “a member, other than a member to which article fourteen of the retirement and
                   social security law is applicable, that has attained at least twenty years of creditable
                   service in the retirement system shall forfeit the retirement benefits to which the
                   member would otherwise be entitled if the member is convicted under the laws of
                   the state of New York of a felony, or under the laws of another state or of the United
                   States of an offense or crime which, if committed in the state of New York, would
                   be a felony” (Administrative Code of City of NY New York City, N.Y., Code § 13-
                   256.1[b]).

                   The question on this branch of the motion is when petitioner’s time to contest the loss of

            his pension benefits began to run for purposes of the statute of limitations. The Court finds that

            limitations period began on August 14, 2018—the date when the police commissioner issued a

            “Final Order of Dismissal” for petitioner (NYSCEF Doc. No. 13). The relevant retirement

            procedure provides that:

             158210/2023 DIAZ, JOHNNY vs. CITY OF NEW YORK ET AL                                    Page 3 of 6
             Motion No. 001

                                                           3 of 6
[* 3]
  FILED: NEW YORK COUNTY CLERK 02/27/2024 02:31 PM                                                  INDEX NO. 158210/2023
  NYSCEF DOC. NO. 26                                                                        RECEIVED NYSCEF: 02/27/2024

                    “Any member in city-service who shall have attained the minimum age or period
                   of service retirement elected by him or her upon such member's own written
                   application to and filed with the board setting forth at what time, not less than thirty
                   days subsequent to the execution and filing thereof, he or she desires to be retired,
                   shall be retired as of the date specified in said application, provided that at the time
                   so specified for his or her retirement, his or her term or tenure of office or
                   employment shall not have terminated or have been forfeited, provided further that
                   upon such member request in writing the member shall be granted a leave of
                   absence from the date of filing said application until the date the retirement
                   becomes effective” (Administrative Code of City of New York § 13-246).

                   In the instant proceeding, the key requirement in the above provision is that the person

            applying for retirement “shall not have [been] terminated or have been forfeited.” Here,

            petitioner was fired more than four years prior to his application for retirement. That means that

            his application for his pension benefits in April 2023 was, essentially, a nullity; he had no basis

            to request it because he was terminated prior to filing the application.

                   In other words, petitioner was not retired when he pled guilty (which is the same day he

            was fired). He did not put in his papers to retire more than thirty days before he pled guilty; in

            fact, he did not put in his papers at all until after he got out of prison. The two above-cited

            Administrative Code provisions and the dismissal order make clear that petitioner forfeited his

            pension as a matter of law when he pled guilty in August 2018.

                   That petitioner filed an application for pension benefits after he was released from prison

            does not suddenly restart the limitations period. The Court agrees with respondents that the 2023

            letter from petitioner should be viewed as an inquiry into the status of his eligibility for pension

            benefits. Moreover, petitioner did not point to any case law that required respondents to issue a

            specific order about his pension benefits along with his dismissal.

             158210/2023 DIAZ, JOHNNY vs. CITY OF NEW YORK ET AL                                    Page 4 of 6
             Motion No. 001

                                                           4 of 6
[* 4]
  FILED: NEW YORK COUNTY CLERK 02/27/2024 02:31 PM                                                   INDEX NO. 158210/2023
  NYSCEF DOC. NO. 26                                                                         RECEIVED NYSCEF: 02/27/2024

            Equal Protection Clause

                    Even if the Court could consider the petition on the merits, the Court would grant the

            cross-motion to dismiss as petitioner did not state a cognizable cause of action based on an

            alleged equal protection clause violation.

                    “For equal protection purposes, classifications that do not target a suspect class or

            infringe upon a fundamental right must be upheld if the classification is rationally related to a

            legitimate State interest. . . . The party challenging the constitutionality of such a statute bears the

            heavy burden of demonstrating that no conceivable State interest rationally supports the

            distinction” (Henry v Milonas, 91 NY2d 264, 267-68, 669 NYS2d 523 [1998]).

                    The parties do not dispute that the above “rational basis test” applies to the instant statute.

            That is, the Court must ascertain whether petitioner met his burden to show that the state has no

            conceivable interest in mandating that police officers forfeit their pensions when convicted of a

            felony while other civil service employees do not. Petitioner wholly failed to meet his burden on

            this point.

                    Respondents included the bill jacket for the relevant Administrative Code Section

            (NYSCEF Doc. No. 14) which makes clear that the purpose was to ensure that long-term officers

            adhere to their oaths of office and uphold the public’s trust. In fact, the discussion about this

            legislation mainly concerned whether or not police officers or firefighters who were merely

            dismissed (and not convicted of a felony) could retain their pensions. The materials centered on

            whether permitting such individuals to keep their pensions was justifiable; for instance, then

            Mayor Bloomberg opposed the law, in part, on the ground that it would allow officers to retain

            their pensions even if they were convicted of a misdemeanor (id. at 20 of 120). In other words,

             158210/2023 DIAZ, JOHNNY vs. CITY OF NEW YORK ET AL                                     Page 5 of 6
             Motion No. 001

                                                            5 of 6
[* 5]
  FILED: NEW YORK COUNTY CLERK 02/27/2024 02:31 PM                                                    INDEX NO. 158210/2023
  NYSCEF DOC. NO. 26                                                                            RECEIVED NYSCEF: 02/27/2024

            there was little, if any, discussion about permitting officers to retain their pensions where they

            were convicted of a felony.

                    Of course, as respondents point out, that makes sense. They have a legitimate

            governmental interest in ensuring that police officers, who are entrusted with enormous power

            and discretion, abide by their oaths of office. Police officers are given government-issued

            weapons and are tasked with highly sensitive and critical job responsibilities. Simply put,

            petitioner failed to adequately explain why respondents were not entitled to treat police officers

            differently from other civil servants who are not similarly situated. Instead, petitioner’s

            argument merely points out that police officers are treated differently. But, as noted above, the

            government can do that as long as there is a legitimate state interest in that disparate treatment.

            Here, there are numerous reasons based on the very nature of working as a police officer and

            respondents' stated goal of deterring misconduct.

                    Accordingly, it is hereby

                    ORDERED that the cross-motion to dismiss is granted; and it is further

                    ADJUDGED that the petition is denied, this proceeding is dismissed and the Clerk is

            directed to award costs and disbursements in favor of respondents and against petitioner upon

            presentation of proper papers therefor.

                    2/27/2024                                                           $SIG$
                      DATE                                                      ARLENE P. BLUTH, J.S.C.
             CHECK ONE:               X   CASE DISPOSED                 NON-FINAL DISPOSITION

                                                                                                    □
                                          GRANTED             DENIED    GRANTED IN PART              X     OTHER

             APPLICATION:                 SETTLE ORDER                  SUBMIT ORDER

                                                                                                    □
             CHECK IF APPROPRIATE:        INCLUDES TRANSFER/REASSIGN    FIDUCIARY APPOINTMENT              REFERENCE

             158210/2023 DIAZ, JOHNNY vs. CITY OF NEW YORK ET AL                                         Page 6 of 6
             Motion No. 001

                                                            6 of 6
[* 6]