Court Opinion

ID: 4324954
Source: CourtListenerOpinion
Date Created: 2018-10-26 15:09:47.596356+00
Date Added: 2024-06-11T14:19:44.143886
License: Public Domain

MEMORANDUM DECISION
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),                                  FILED
this Memorandum Decision shall not be                               Oct 26 2018, 8:47 am
regarded as precedent or cited before any
                                                                        CLERK
court except for the purpose of establishing                        Indiana Supreme Court
                                                                       Court of Appeals
the defense of res judicata, collateral                                  and Tax Court

estoppel, or the law of the case.

APPELLANT PRO SE                                         ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Jessie Johnston                                          Curtis T. Hill, Jr.
Michigan City, Indiana                                   Attorney General of Indiana
                                                         Michael Gene Worden
                                                         Deputy Attorney General
                                                         Indianapolis, Indiana

                                           IN THE
    COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

Jessie L. Johnston,                                      October 26, 2018
Appellant-Petitioner,                                    Court of Appeals Case No.
                                                         02A03-1709-PC-2296
        v.                                               Appeal from the Allen Superior
                                                         Court
State of Indiana,                                        The Honorable Frances C. Gull,
Appellee-Respondent.                                     Judge
                                                         Trial Court Cause No.
                                                         02D04-1502-PC-26

Robb, Judge.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 02A03-1709-PC-2296 | October 26, 2018     Page 1 of 8
                                Case Summary and Issue
[1]   Jessie Johnston appeals the denial of his petition for post-conviction relief,

      raising one issue for our review, which we restate as whether the post-

      conviction court erred in denying his petition. Concluding the post-conviction

      court did not err because Johnston failed to prove his claims, we affirm.

                            Facts and Procedural History
[2]   In 2013, Johnston was found guilty by a jury of two counts of child molesting

      as Class A felonies, one count of child molesting as a Class C felony, and two

      counts of contributing to the delinquency of a minor, both Class A

      misdemeanors. The convictions stemmed from a weekend in the fall of 2012

      when the victim, a fourteen-year-old who babysat for Johnston’s children,

      claimed Johnston had sexual intercourse with her while his wife was out of

      state. Johnston filed a direct appeal, alleging the evidence was insufficient to

      support his convictions, the trial court abused its discretion in sentencing him,

      and his forty-five-year sentence was inappropriate. We affirmed in all respects.

      Johnston v. State, 2014 WL 406758 (Ind. Ct. App. Feb. 3, 2014).

[3]   In 2015, Johnston filed a petition for post-conviction relief alleging, among

      other things, that his trial counsel was ineffective for failing to investigate and

      call allegedly favorable witnesses. On January 3, 2017, the State filed a motion

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 02A03-1709-PC-2296 | October 26, 2018   Page 2 of 8
      to require Johnston to submit his case by affidavit, as he was proceeding pro se.1

      Accordingly, Johnston submitted his “Autobiographical Affidavit” on April 3,

      2017, “deny[ing] and counter[ing] any/all assertions made” by several State’s

      witnesses at trial, alleging his trial counsel did not properly investigate witnesses

      favorable to him, and alleging the trial court judge was biased against him.

      Appendix, Volume Two at 21. The post-conviction court issued its findings of

      fact and conclusions of law on September 12, 2017, denying Johnston’s

      petition. Johnston now appeals.

                                   Discussion and Decision
                                       I. Standard of Review
[4]   “Post-conviction proceedings do not afford the petitioner an opportunity for a

      super appeal, but rather, provide the opportunity to raise issues that were

      unknown or unavailable at the time of the original trial or the direct appeal.”

      Turner v. State, 974 N.E.2d 575, 581 (Ind. Ct. App. 2012), trans. denied. Post-

      conviction proceedings are civil in nature and the petitioner must therefore

      establish his claims by a preponderance of the evidence. Ind. Post-Conviction

      Rule 1(5).

      1
        Ind. Post-Conviction Rule 1(9)(b) allows the post-conviction court to order the cause submitted on affidavits
      if the petitioner is proceeding pro se.

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 02A03-1709-PC-2296 | October 26, 2018            Page 3 of 8
[5]   On appeal, a petitioner who has been denied post-conviction relief faces a

      “rigorous standard of review.” Dewitt v. State, 755 N.E.2d 167, 169 (Ind. 2001).

      We may not reweigh the evidence or reassess the credibility of the witnesses

      and we consider only the evidence and reasonable inferences supporting the

      judgment. Hall v. State, 849 N.E.2d 466, 468 (Ind. 2006). The petitioner must

      show that the evidence is without conflict and leads unerringly and

      unmistakably to a conclusion opposite the one reached by the post-conviction

      court. Strowmatt v. State, 779 N.E.2d 971, 975 (Ind. Ct. App. 2002).

[6]   We do not defer to the post-conviction court’s legal conclusions, but do accept

      its factual findings unless they are clearly erroneous. Stevens v. State, 770

      N.E.2d 739, 746 (Ind. 2002), cert. denied, 540 U.S. 830 (2003). However, we

      note that where, as here, the judge who presided over the original trial is also

      the judge who presided over the post-conviction proceedings, the post-

      conviction court’s findings and judgment are entitled to “greater than usual

      deference[.]” Hinesley v. State, 999 N.E.2d 975, 982 (Ind. Ct. App. 2013), trans.

      denied. This court has found judges in that circumstance to be uniquely situated

      to assess whether trial counsel's performance was ineffective. Id.

                    II. Ineffective Assistance of Trial Counsel
[7]   Although Johnston raised several claims in his petition for post-conviction

      relief, he pursues only one on appeal: whether his trial counsel was ineffective

      for failing to investigate and call witnesses favorable to him. The post-

      conviction court made the following conclusions regarding this claim:

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 02A03-1709-PC-2296 | October 26, 2018   Page 4 of 8
              3. A defendant cannot show that failure to call a witness
              amounted to ineffective assistance without producing evidence as
              to what that witness would have said and how that witness’s
              testimony would likely have affected the outcome of the trial.
              Mr. Johnston asserts that [his trial counsel] was ineffective in
              failing to obtain the testimony of [the victim’s] aunt and cousin,
              as well as the cousin’s friend Alexis, Pamela Johnston, Lori
              Nicole, and persons called “Kate and Atlas.” Aside from his
              own say-so, Mr. Johnston has produced no evidence as to what
              these witnesses would have said, much less how their testimony
              would likely have affected the outcome of the trial (if it would).
              A convicted defendant’s uncorroborated, self-serving statements
              do not suffice to support a claim for post-conviction relief.

      Appellant Brief at 22 (citations omitted).

[8]   When evaluating an ineffective assistance of counsel claim, we apply the two-

      part test articulated in Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668 (1984). See

      Humphrey v. State, 73 N.E.3d 677, 682 (Ind. 2017). To satisfy the first prong,

      “the defendant must show deficient performance: representation that fell below

      an objective standard of reasonableness, committing errors so serious that the

      defendant did not have the ‘counsel’ guaranteed by the Sixth Amendment.”

      McCary v. State, 761 N.E.2d 389, 392 (Ind. 2002) (citing Strickland, 466 U.S. at

      687-88). To satisfy the second prong, “the defendant must show prejudice: a

      reasonable probability (i.e. a probability sufficient to undermine confidence in

      the outcome) that, but for counsel’s errors, the result of the proceeding would

      have been different.” Id. (citing Strickland, 466 U.S. at 694).

[9]   We strongly presume that counsel rendered adequate assistance. See Strickland,

      466 U.S. at 689-90. Under certain circumstances, a failure to call a useful
      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 02A03-1709-PC-2296 | October 26, 2018   Page 5 of 8
       witness can constitute deficient performance. See Brown v. State, 691 N.E.2d

       438, 447 (Ind. 1998). However, both the Indiana Supreme Court and this court

       have previously held that a “decision regarding what witnesses to call is a

       matter of trial strategy which an appellate court will not second-guess[.]” Id.;

       see also Johnson v. State, 832 N.E.2d 985, 1003 (Ind. Ct. App. 2005), trans. denied.

[10]   Despite the fact that Johnston bore the burden of proving his trial counsel was

       ineffective, he presented no evidence to support his post-conviction claims. He

       neither fully identified potential witnesses nor provided affidavits of what their

       testimony would have been had his counsel called them.2 Thus, other than his

       own self-serving statement of what their testimony would have been, Johnston

       has failed to show that helpful testimony could have been adduced from these

       witnesses. See Lee v. State, 694 N.E.2d 719, 722 (Ind. 1998) (noting that when

       an ineffective assistance claim is premised on failure to present witnesses, the

       petitioner must offer evidence as to who the witnesses were and what their

       testimony would have been), cert. denied, 525 U.S. 1023 (1998).

[11]   Johnston also did not provide an affidavit from his trial counsel and therefore

       he did not discount the possibility that trial counsel was unable to find these

       witnesses or otherwise made a strategic decision not to call them. See

       2
         In his petition for post-conviction relief, Johnston alleged his trial counsel failed to call the “Aunt of [the
       victim] named Pamela (unknown)”; “(unknown), the Cousin of [the victim]”; and the “Cousin’s friend . . .
       Alexis (unknown).” App., Vol. Two at 54-55. Further, in his affidavit, he averred his counsel did not depose
       “the parties referred to as; Kate and Atlas.” Id. at 25. As noted below, Johnston himself states he was able to
       locate these witnesses only recently.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 02A03-1709-PC-2296 | October 26, 2018              Page 6 of 8
       Culvahouse v. State, 819 N.E.2d 857, 863 (Ind. Ct. App. 2004) (noting that when

       a post-conviction petitioner does not provide evidence from counsel, “the post-

       conviction court may infer that counsel would not have corroborated the

       petitioner’s allegations”), trans. denied. The total absence of evidence on

       Johnston’s claims of ineffective assistance of counsel supports the post-

       conviction court’s conclusion that Johnston did not meet his burden of proving

       that he was entitled to relief.

[12]   As a final matter, Johnston claims that he was unfamiliar with the procedure by

       which post-conviction proceedings are submitted by affidavit, was unable to

       procure evidence from his witnesses because he is currently incarcerated, and

       “only just recently received the addresses of these witnesses[.]” Appellant Br. at

       11. He requests that we remand this case to the post-conviction court “with

       instructions to allow him to introduce these missing witnesses [sic]

       testimony[.]” Id. at 16. However, a pro se petitioner is held to the same

       performance standards as a practicing attorney. Lee v. State, 91 N.E.3d 978, 990

       (Ind. Ct. App. 2017), trans. denied. Johnston filed his petition for post-

       conviction relief in February of 2015. His case was not ordered to be submitted

       by affidavit until early 2017. Therefore, he had two years prior to submission of

       the case to the post-conviction court in which to obtain the information he now

       claims to have. In any event, he is not entitled to a second post-conviction

       hearing to correct his own omissions from the first submission.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 02A03-1709-PC-2296 | October 26, 2018   Page 7 of 8
                                               Conclusion
[13]   Johnston has failed to show on appeal that the evidence is without conflict and

       leads unerringly and unmistakably to a conclusion opposite that reached by the

       post-conviction court. The judgment is therefore affirmed.

[14]   Affirmed.

       Baker, J., and May, J., concur.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 02A03-1709-PC-2296 | October 26, 2018   Page 8 of 8