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<s> [INST] Article-five [/INST] Citizenship at the commencement of the Constitution.—At the commencement of this Constitution, every person who has his domicile in the territory of India and— one) who was born in the territory of India; or one) either of whose parents was born in the territory of India; or one) who has been ordinarily resident in the territory of India for not less than five years immediately preceding such commencement, shall be a citizen of India. </s>

<s> [INST] Article-six [/INST] Rights of citizenship of certain persons who have migrated to India from Pakistan.—Notwithstanding anything in article five, a person who has migrated to the territory of India from the territory now included in Pakistan shall be deemed to be a citizen of India at the commencement of this Constitution if— (a) he or either of his parents or any of his grand-parents was born in India as defined in the Government of India Act, 1935 (as originally enacted); and (b)(i) in the case where such person has so migrated before the nineteenth day of July, 1948, he has been ordinarily resident in the territory of India since the date of his migration, or (ii) in the case where such person has so migrated on or after the nineteenth day of July, 1948, he has been registered as a citizen of India by an officer appointed in that behalf by the Government of the Dominion of India on an application made by him therefor to such officer before the commencement of this Constitution in the form and manner prescribed by that Government: Provided that no person shall be so registered unless he has been resident in the territory of India for at least six months immediately preceding the date of his application. </s>

<s> [INST] Article-seven [/INST] Rights of citizenship of certain migrants to Pakistan.— Notwithstanding anything in articles five and six, a person who has after the first day of March, 1947, migrated from the territory of India to the territory now included in Pakistan shall not be deemed to be a citizen of India: four five (Part II.—Citizenship) Provided that nothing in this article shall apply to a person who, after having so migrated to the territory now included in Pakistan, has returned to the territory of India under a permit for resettlement or permanent return issued by or under the authority of any law and every such person shall for the purposes of clause (b) of article six be deemed to have migrated to the territory of India after the nineteenth day of July, 1948. </s>

<s> [INST] Article-eight [/INST] Rights of citizenship of certain persons of Indian origin residing outside India.—Notwithstanding anything in article five, any person who or either of whose parents or any of whose grand-parents was born in India as defined in the Government of India Act, 1935 (as originally enacted), and who is ordinarily residing in any country outside India as so defined shall be deemed to be a citizen of India if he has been registered as a citizen of India by the diplomatic or consular representative of India in the country where he is for the time being residing on an application made by him therefor to such diplomatic or consular representative, whether before or after the commencement of this Constitution, in the form and manner prescribed by the Government of the Dominion of India or the Government of India. </s>

<s> [INST] Article-nine [/INST] Persons voluntarily acquiring citizenship of a foreign State not to be citizens.— No person shall be a citizen of India by virtue of article five, or be deemed to be a citizen of India by virtue of article six or article eight, if he has voluntarily acquired the citizenship of any foreign State. </s>

<s> [INST] Article-ten [/INST] Continuance of the rights of citizenship.—Every person who is or is deemed to be a citizen of India under any of the foregoing provisions of this Part shall, subject to the provisions of any law that may be made by Parliament, continue to be such citizen. </s>

<s> [INST] Article-eleven [/INST] Parliament to regulate the right of citizenship by law.—Nothing in the foregoing provisions of this Part shall derogate from the power of Parliament to make any provision with respect to the acquisition and termination of citizenship and all other matters relating to citizenship. </s>

<s> [INST] Article-thirty-six [/INST] Definition.—In this Part, unless the context otherwise requires, “the State” has the same meaning as in Part III. </s>

<s> [INST] Article-thirty-seven [/INST] Application of the principles contained in this Part.—The provisions contained in this Part shall not be enforceable by any court, but the principles therein laid down are nevertheless fundamental in the governance of the country and it shall be the duty of the State to apply these principles in making laws. ## Article-thirty-eight : State to secure a social order for the promotion of welfare of the people.—one[(one)] The State shall strive to promote the welfare of the people by securing and protecting as effectively as it may a social order in which justice, social, economic and political, shall inform all the institutions of the national life. two[(two) The State shall, in particular, strive to minimise the inequalities in income, and endeavour to eliminate inequalities in status, facilities and opportunities, not only amongst individuals but also amongst groups of people residing in different areas or engaged in different vocations.] </s>

<s> [INST] Article-thirty-eight [/INST] State to secure a social order for the promotion of welfare of the people.—one[(one)] The State shall strive to promote the welfare of the people by securing and protecting as effectively as it may a social order in which justice, social, economic and political, shall inform all the institutions of the national life. two[(two) The State shall, in particular, strive to minimise the inequalities in income, and endeavour to eliminate inequalities in status, facilities and opportunities, not only amongst individuals but also amongst groups of people residing in different areas or engaged in different vocations.] </s>

<s> [INST] Article-thirty-nine [/INST] Certain principles of policy to be followed by the State.—The State shall, in particular, direct its policy towards securing— one) that the citizens, men and women equally, have the right to an adequate means of livelihood; two) that the ownership and control of the material resources of the community are so distributed as best to subserve the common good; three) that the operation of the economic system does not result in the concentration of wealth and means of production to the common detriment; four) that there is equal pay for equal work for both men and women; four) that the health and strength of workers, men and women, and the tender age of children are not abused and that citizens are not forced by economic necessity to enter avocations unsuited to their age or strength; one. Art. thirty-eight renumbered as cl. (one) by the Constitution (Forty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1978, s. nine (w.e.f. twenty-six-1979). one. Ins. by s. nine, ibid. (w.e.f. twenty-six-1979). twenty-one twenty-four (Part IV.— Directive Principles of State Policy) one[(f) that children are given opportunities and facilities to develop in a healthy manner and in conditions of freedom and dignity and that childhood and youth are protected against exploitation and against moral and material abandonment.] </s>

<s> [INST] Article-forty [/INST] Organisation of village panchayats.—The State shall take steps to organise village panchayats and endow them with such powers and authority as may be necessary to enable them to function as units of self-government. </s>

<s> [INST] Article-forty-one [/INST] Right to work, to education and to public assistance in certain cases.—The State shall, within the limits of its economic capacity and development, make effective provision for securing the right to work, to education and to public assistance in cases of unemployment, old age, sickness and disablement, and in other cases of undeserved want. </s>

<s> [INST] Article-forty-two [/INST] Provision for just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief.—The State shall make provision for securing just and humane conditions of work and for maternity relief. </s>

<s> [INST] Article-forty-three [/INST] Living wage, etc., for workers.—The State shall endeavour to secure, by suitable legislation or economic organisation or in any other way, to all workers, agricultural, industrial or otherwise, work, a living wage, conditions of work ensuring a decent standard of life and full enjoyment of leisure and social and cultural opportunities and, in particular, the State shall endeavour to promote cottage industries on an individual or co-operative basis in rural areas. </s>

<s> [INST] Article-forty-four [/INST] Uniform civil code for the citizens.—The State shall endeavour to secure for the citizens a uniform civil code throughout the territory of India. </s>

<s> [INST] Article-forty-five [/INST] Provision for early childhood care and education to children below the age of six years.—The State shall endeavour to provide early childhood care and education for all children until they complete the age of six years.] </s>

<s> [INST] Article-forty-six [/INST] Promotion of educational and economic interests of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other weaker sections.—The State shall promote with special care the educational and economic interests of the weaker sections of the people, and, in particular, of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes, and shall protect them from social injustice and all forms of exploitation. </s>

<s> [INST] Article-forty-seven [/INST] Duty of the State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health.—The State shall regard the raising of the level of nutrition and the standard of living of its people and the improvement of public health as among its primary duties and, in particular, the State shall endeavour to bring about prohibition of the consumption except for medicinal purposes of intoxicating drinks and of drugs which are injurious to health. </s>

<s> [INST] Article-forty-eight [/INST] Organisation of agriculture and animal husbandry.—The State shall endeavour to organise agriculture and animal husbandry on modern and scientific lines and shall, in particular, take steps for preserving and improving the breeds, and prohibiting the slaughter, of cows and calves and other milch and draught cattle. </s>