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### Instruction: Does increased pulsatility of the intracranial blood flow spectral waveform on transcranial Doppler point to peripheral arterial disease in stroke patients? ### Response:

Our findings indicate that PAD cannot be inferred from intracranial flow parameters predictive of arterial disease and risk factors such as hypertension among patients with acute cerebral ischemia.

### Instruction: Is serum level of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein lower in children with idiopathic scoliosis than in non-scoliotic controls? ### Response:

COMP was lower in children with idiopathic scoliosis than in a control cohort. In children with scoliosis, high COMP was modestly correlated with high growth velocity, but not with curve severity.

### Instruction: Do society of Thoracic Surgeons score predicts kidney injury in patients not undergoing bypass surgery? ### Response:

The STS score is an effective tool for predicting AKI in patients with coronary artery disease who have not undergone CABG. Frequent monitoring of serum creatinine level or early application of AKI biomarkers are warranted for STS renal failure 5.7% or greater.

### Instruction: Is penile Doppler ultrasound in men with stuttering priapism and sickle cell disease -- a labile baseline diastolic velocity a characteristic finding? ### Response:

Men with SP had a unique baseline Doppler ultrasound waveform, with a low PR waveform and an elevated, variable cavernosal artery velocity. We propose that this may be the sonographic manifestation of a reduced, fluctuating smooth muscle tone and that PDU may have a role for diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of SP.

### Instruction: Does inhibition of mitochondrial permeability transition pore restore the cardioprotection by postconditioning in diabetic hearts? ### Response:

The loss of cardioprotection by IPostC in diabetic state can be overcome by increasing the potency of protective IPostC through its co-application with mPTP inhibition.

### Instruction: Is botulinum injection useless on fibrotic neuropathic bladders? ### Response:

Despite its worldwide usage and FDA approval, studies on the effectiveness of botulinumtoxin A on neuropathic bladders in children are controversial. There are now numerous studies attesting to the good results of BoNTA in neuropathic detrusor overactivity; however, only scarce reports comment on the specific features of the disease process among patients and reasons for failure in some. In our study, reviewing the urodynamic findings carefully, it was observed that the patients who did not respond to injections were the ones with no contractions, despite high pressures and low compliance. Therefore, describing the indications of BoNTA as neuropathic detrusor overactivity and urinary incontinence despite anticholinergic medications may lead to mistreatment of patients in the decompensated phase of a hyper-reflexive detrusor. Pretreatment urodynamic evaluation might be a good indicator, without biopsies, of estimating the degree of fibrosis and the patients who will benefit from the injection.

### Instruction: Is red blood cell distribution width a significant prognostic marker in advanced heart failure , independent of hemoglobin levels? ### Response:

RDW is a significant prognostic factor for an adverse outcome in patients with advanced stage heart failure who have experienced recent decompensation, independent of the presence of anemia or malnutrition, and is superior to more traditionally used indices. RDW may be associated with severe disease by reflecting subtle metabolic and proinflammatory abnormalities in HF.

### Instruction: Is continued growth in emergency department imaging bucking the overall trends? ### Response:

Despite the cessation of overall utilization growth of the various modalities in recent years, ED utilization rates continued to increase. The greatest increases, in terms of accrued new examinations per 1,000, were seen in CT and XR. This suggests that radiologists and ED physicians need to work together to better manage imaging utilization.

### Instruction: Is cD100 up-regulation induced by interferon-α on B cells related to hepatitis C virus infection? ### Response:

Peripheral B cells show an activated phenotype during chronic HCV infection. Moreover, IFN-α therapy facilitates the reversion of disrupted B cell homeostasis, and up-regulated expression of CD100 may be indirectly related to HCV clearance.

### Instruction: Does a HIF-1 network reveal characteristics of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in acute promyelocytic leukemia? ### Response:

Our data suggest that pathways related to EMT-like processes can be implicated also in hematological malignancies besides solid tumors, and can identify specific AML sub-types.

### Instruction: Are nonsense mutations in BAG3 associated with early-onset dilated cardiomyopathy in French Canadians? ### Response:

Screening an extended panel of 41 candidate genes allowed us to identify probable pathogenic mutations in 69% of families with DCM in our cohort of mostly French-Canadian patients. We confirmed the prevalence of TTN nonsense mutations in DCM. Furthermore, to our knowledge, we are the first to present an association between nonsense mutations in BAG3 and early-onset DCM.

### Instruction: Are bone-related Parameters the Main Prognostic Factors for Overall Survival in Men with Bone Metastases from Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer? ### Response:

The median (95% confidence interval) overall survival was 20 (18, 21) mo. The final model included 12 of the 15 potential prognostic variables evaluated (concordance index 0.72). Seven bone-related variables were associated with longer survival in the final model: alkaline phosphatase ≤143 U/l (p<0.0001); bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP) <146 U/l (p<0.0001); corrected urinary N-telopeptide (uNTx) ≤50 nmol/mmol (p=0.0008); mild or no pain (Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form [BPI-SF] score ≤4) (p<0.0001); no previous skeletal-related event (SRE; p=0.0002); longer time from initial diagnosis to first bone metastasis (p<0.0001); and longer time from first bone metastasis to randomization (p<0.0001). Other significant predictors of improved survival included prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level <10 ng/ml (p<0.0001), hemoglobin >128g/l (p<0.0001), absence of visceral metastases (p<0.0001), Eastern Co-operative Oncology Group (ECOG) score ≤1 (p=0.017), and younger age (p=0.008). Nomograms were generated based on the parameters included in the final validated models (with/without uNTx and BSAP). One limitation was that lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, a known prognostic factor, were not available in this study.

### Instruction: Does improving disease incidence estimate in primary care surveillance systems? ### Response:

Post-stratification using external administrative data may improve incidence estimates in surveillance systems based on voluntary participation.

### Instruction: Do subtoxic levels of hydrogen peroxide induce brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression to protect PC12 cells? ### Response:

Based on our results, we conclude that the induction of BDNF by subtoxic levels of H2O2 and its signaling may have roles in PC12 cell protection.

### Instruction: Is bIIDXI , the At4g32460 DUF642 gene , involved in pectin methyl esterase regulation during Arabidopsis thaliana seed germination and plant development? ### Response:

Our results suggested that the DUF642 family contributes to the complexity of the methylesterification process by participating in the fine regulation of pectin status during plant development.

### Instruction: Is persistent arm pain distinct from persistent breast pain following breast cancer surgery? ### Response:

For persistent breast and arm pain, changes in sensation following breast cancer surgery were notable. Persistent arm pain was associated with sustained interference with daily functioning and upper body mobility impairments. Long-term management of persistent pain following breast cancer surgery is warranted to improve the quality of survivorship for these women.

### Instruction: Is persistent breast pain following breast cancer surgery associated with persistent sensory changes , pain interference , and functional impairments? ### Response:

Subgroups of women with persistent postsurgical breast pain differed primarily with respect to the severity rather than the nature or underlying mechanisms of breast pain. Pervasive sensory loss and the association between persistent breast pain and sustained interference with function suggest the need for long-term clinical follow-up.

### Instruction: Does up-regulation of FOXM1 by E6 oncoprotein through the MZF1/NKX2-1 axis is require for human papillomavirus-associated tumorigenesis? ### Response:

Induction of FOXM1 by E6 oncoprotein through the MZF1/NKX2-1 axis may be responsible for HPV 16/18-mediated tumor progression and poor outcomes in HPV-positive patients.

### Instruction: Is use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist trigger during in vitro fertilization associated with similar endocrine profiles and oocyte measures in women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome? ### Response:

The similar post-GnRHa trigger hormone profiles and mature oocyte yield support the routine use of GnRHa trigger to prevent OHSS in women with PCOS.

### Instruction: Do laparoscopy for small bowel obstruction in children -- an update? ### Response:

Laparoscopy continues to be a safe diagnostic and therapeutic tool in the management of pediatric SBO.

### Instruction: Is first trimester cervical length associated with mid-trimester loss? ### Response:

First trimester endocervix is significantly shorter in women destined to miscarry between 16 and 24 weeks. In low risk singleton pregnancies, first trimester CL can be useful in predicting second trimester miscarriage.

### Instruction: Do inflammatory cytokines epigenetically regulate rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocyte activation by suppressing HDAC5 expression? ### Response:

Inflammatory cytokines suppress RA FLS HDAC5 expression, promoting nuclear localisation of IRF1 and transcription of a subset of type I interferon response genes. Our results identify HDAC5 as a novel inflammatory mediator in RA, and suggest that strategies rescuing HDAC5 expression in vivo, or the development of HDAC inhibitors not affecting HDAC5 activity, may have therapeutic applications in RA treatment.

### Instruction: Does serum α-hydroxybutyrate ( α-HB ) predict elevated 1 h glucose levels and early-phase β-cell dysfunction during OGTT? ### Response:

Fasting serum α-HB levels predicted elevated 1 h glucose during OGTT, potentially due to impaired insulin secretion kinetics. This association persisted even in patients with an otherwise normal insulin-glucose homeostasis. Measuring serum α-HB could thus provide a rapid, inexpensive screening tool for detecting early subclinical hyperglycemia, β-cell dysfunction, and increased risk for diabetes.

### Instruction: Does age at diagnosis predict deterioration in glycaemic control among children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes? ### Response:

Older diagnostic age and black race are major risk factors for deterioration in glycemic control early in the course of T1DM. These findings can inform efforts to explore the reasons behind these differences and develop preventive interventions for high-risk patients.

### Instruction: Is cerebral inflammation an underlying mechanism of early death in Alzheimer 's disease : a 13-year cause-specific multivariate mortality study? ### Response:

This is the first study to link neuroinflammation independently to early death in AD and, hence, a rapidly progressing disease. Frontal and medial temporal atrophies and low cognition were also significant predictors. These are probably downstream biomarkers that reflect neuronal degeneration and late-stage disease. Our results suggest that inflammation, and not amyloid or tau pathology, is an independent underlying mechanism in the malignancy of AD.

### Instruction: Is mitochondria inheritance a key factor for tolerance to dehydration in wine yeast production? ### Response:

In modern oenology, yeast starters are employed to inoculate grape juice, usually in the form of active dry yeast (ADY). The dehydration process implies stressful conditions that lead to oxidative damage. Other yeast species and interspecific hybrids other than Saccharomyces cerevisiae may be used to confer novel properties to the final product. However, these yeasts are usually more sensitive to drying. Understanding the causes of oxidative stress tolerance is therefore necessary for developing the use of these organisms in industry. This study indicates the impact of mitochondrial DNA inheritance for oxidative stress resistance in an interspecific context using isogenic Saccharomyces cerevisiae × Saccharomyces uvarum hybrids.

### Instruction: Does catecholamine release induce elevation in plasma lactate levels in patients undergoing adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma? ### Response:

Catecholamine release caused by surgical manipulation may be a possible cause of intraoperative transient lactic acidosis, and it should be considered as a differential diagnosis of intraoperative lactic acidosis. Intraoperative peak plasma lactate level was correlated with preoperative epinephrine-releasing activity.

### Instruction: Does automated voxel-based analysis of volumetric dynamic contrast-enhanced CT data improve measurement of serial changes in tumor vascular biomarkers? ### Response:

Parametric voxel-based analysis of 4D DCE CT data resulted in greater accuracy and reliability in measuring changes in perfusion CT-based kinetic metrics, which have the potential to be used as biomarkers in patients with metastatic brain cancer.

### Instruction: Does receipt of diabetes preventive services differ by insurance status at visit? ### Response:

Lack of insurance is associated with a lower probability of receiving recommended services that are due during a clinic visit. Thus, the association between being uninsured and receiving fewer preventive services may not be completely mediated by access to clinic visits.

### Instruction: Is cytogenetic low-dose hyperradiosensitivity observed in human peripheral blood lymphocytes? ### Response:

These data provide the first cytogenetic evidence for the existence of HRS in human cells irradiated in G2 and suggest that LNT models may not always be optimal for making radiation risk assessments at low doses.

### Instruction: Is spleen-preserving surgery effective for the treatment of spleen cystic echinococcosis? ### Response:

The spleen-saving approach is likely an effective method for the removal of CE spleen cysts given that it is a quick procedure and preserves the function of the spleen. Total splenectomy procedures may be performed particularly for larger, centrally located cysts.

### Instruction: Does exome sequencing identify novel ApoB loss-of-function mutations causing hypobetalipoproteinemia in type 1 diabetes? ### Response:

The identification of ApoB loss-of-function mutations in type 1 diabetic patients presents innovative cases to study the interaction between hypobetalipoproteinemia and insulin deficiency.

### Instruction: Does percent reduction of growth hormone levels correlate closely with percent resected tumor volume in acromegaly? ### Response:

Densely granulated somatotropinomas produce more GH per mass of tumor than do sparsely granulated tumors. Each GH-secreting tumor has its own intrinsic level of GH production per mass of tumor, which is homogeneous over the tumor mass, and which varies greatly between tumors. In most patients the fraction of a GH-secreting tumor removed by surgery can be accurately estimated by simply comparing plasma GH levels after surgery to those before surgery.

### Instruction: Does stochastic modeling suggest that noise reduces differentiation efficiency by inducing a heterogeneous drug response in glioma differentiation therapy? ### Response:

Our results demonstrated that targeting the noise-induced dynamics of cyclin D1 during glioma differentiation therapy can increase anti-glioma effects, implying that noise is a considerable factor in assessing and optimizing anti-cancer drug interventions.

### Instruction: Is peer-instructed seminar attendance associated with improved preparation , deeper learning and higher exam scores : a survey study? ### Response:

Discussion with well-prepared peers during seminars improves student perceptions of deeper learning and peer-instructed seminar attendance was associated with higher exam scores.

### Instruction: Is elevated plasma heparin-binding protein associated with early death after resuscitation from cardiac arrest? ### Response:

Elevated plasma levels of HBP at ICU admission were independently associated with early death in ICU.

### Instruction: Do patient-oncologist alliance and psychosocial well-being in Chinese society strongly affect cancer management adherence with cancer of unknown primary? ### Response:

Stronger patient-oncologist alliance may foster enhanced adherence to treatment and follow-up screening in patients with CUP. Patient-oncologist alliance seems affected by socioeconomic factors and psychosocial well-being in the Chinese sociocultural settings.

### Instruction: Is canalization of gene expression a major signature of regulatory cold adaptation in temperate Drosophila melanogaster? ### Response:

The analysis of the transcriptional cold shock response most prominently reveals an upregulation of components of a general stress response, which is conserved over many taxa and triggered by a plethora of stressors. Despite the overall response being fairly similar in both populations, there is a definite excess of genes with a strong cold-induced fold-change in Africa. This is consistent with a detrimental deregulation or an overshooting stress response. Thus, the canalization of European gene expression might be responsible for the increased cold tolerance of European flies.

### Instruction: Is use of antibiotics associated with lower enterolactone plasma concentration? ### Response:

Use of antibiotics up to 12 months before enrollment was associated with lower plasma enterolactone levels, especially among women.

### Instruction: Is malonate as a ROS product associated with pyruvate carboxylase activity in acute myeloid leukaemia cells? ### Response:

This study extends the interest in the PC activity in solid cancers to include leukaemias and further demonstrates the value of tracer-based NMR approaches in generating a more accurate picture of the flow of carbons and metabolites within the increasingly inappropriately named Krebs cycle. Moreover, our studies indicate that the PC activity in cancer cells can be exploited as an Achilles heel by using treatments, such as BaP, that elevate ROS production.

### Instruction: Do sLCO1B1 gene polymorphisms influence plasma rifampicin concentrations in a South Indian population? ### Response:

This is the first study to show that rs11045819, rs4149032 and rs4149033 polymorphisms in the SLCO1B1 gene did not influence RMP concentrations in Indian patients.

### Instruction: Are chronic respiratory disease and high altitude associated with depressive symptoms in four diverse settings? ### Response:

We found a high prevalence of depressive symptoms, and a positive association between depressive symptoms with CRD and with living at altitude, both of which cause chronic hypoxia.

### Instruction: Are pro-atherogenic mediators and subclinical atherogenesis related to epicardial adipose tissue thickness in patients with cardiovascular risk? ### Response:

EAT thickness was associated with MDA, CIMT, age, waist circumference, HDL-C and FS globally, but with NO only in patients with FS≥20. EAT may be used to identify vascular damage stage, possibly influenced by MDA and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

### Instruction: Does oscillatory Characteristics of the Vocal fold Across the Tenor Passaggio? ### Response:

Epilaryngeal constrictions should be considered typical for tenors singing at high fundamental frequencies. Vocal fold oscillatory patterns are changing not only for the register shift from modal to falsetto but also for the transition from modal to SVaP, indicating a need for laryngeal adjustments during these transitions.

### Instruction: Does tobacco smoking differently influence cell types of the innate and adaptive immune system-indications from CpG site methylation? ### Response:

Studying cell type-specific methylation changes provides helpful information regarding the biological relevance of epigenetic modifications. Here, we could show that smoking differently affects both cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems.

### Instruction: Does mobile and Wearable Device feature that Matter in Promoting Physical Activity? ### Response:

Level of engagement with the Fitbit One, particularly the mobile app, was associated with increased steps. Mobile apps can instantly display summaries of PA performance and could optimize self-regulation to activate change. More research is needed to determine whether such modalities might be cost-effective in future intervention research and practice.

### Instruction: Does miR-221 mediate Chemoresistance of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma by Direct Targeting of DKK2 Expression? ### Response:

MiR-221 controls 5-FU resistance of EC partly via modulation of Wnt/β-catenin-EMT pathways by direct targeting of DKK2 expression. MiR-221 may serve as a prognostic marker and therapeutic target for patients with 5-FU resistant EAC.

### Instruction: Is inhibition of mTORs Catalytic Site by PKI-587 a Promising Therapeutic Option for Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor Disease? ### Response:

PI3K/mTOR dual targeting is a promising new therapeutic approach in neuroendocrine tumor disease that should be evaluated in further clinical trials.

### Instruction: Does nT-proBNP and Echocardiographic Parameters for Prediction of Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with CKD stage G2-G4? ### Response:

Our data confirm NT-proBNP is an independent predictor of adverse outcomes in patients with CKD. The additional use of echocardiography for improvement of risk stratification is not supported by our results.

### Instruction: Does protein phosphatase 5 mediate corticosteroid insensitivity in airway smooth muscle in patients with severe asthma? ### Response:

PP5-dependent impairment of GRα function represents a novel mechanism driving GC insensitivity in ASM in severe asthma.

### Instruction: Does fecal Immunochemical Test detect Sessile Serrated Adenomas and Polyps With a Low Level of Sensitivity? ### Response:

In a prospective study of 6198 subjects receiving the FIT and colonoscopy, we found that the FIT detected SSA/Ps with significantly lower levels of sensitivity than conventional adenoma. Further studies are needed to determine the effects of these findings on the effectiveness of FIT-based colorectal cancer screening program.

### Instruction: Do neuroprotective effects of Withania coagulans root extract on CA1 hippocampus following cerebral ischemia in rats? ### Response:

WCE showed potent neuroprotective activity against oxidative stress-induced injuries caused by global cerebral ischemia/ reperfusion in rats probably by radical scavenging and antioxidant activities.

### Instruction: Is glycemic variability evaluated by continuous glucose monitoring system associated with the 10-y cardiovascular risk of diabetic patients with well-controlled HbA1c? ### Response:

GV predicts independently the 10-y CVD risk of T2DM patients with well-controlled HbA1c.

### Instruction: Does postnatal growth restriction augment oxygen-induced pulmonary hypertension in a neonatal rat model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia? ### Response:

PNGR induces right ventricular and pulmonary vascular remodeling and augments the effects of oxygen in neonatal rats. This may be a powerful tool to investigate the mechanisms that induce PH in low-birth-weight preterm infants with BPD.

### Instruction: Does low Cerebrospinal Fluid Amyloid-Beta Concentration be Associated with Poorer Delayed Memory Recall in Women? ### Response:

CSF biomarkers correlate with delayed memory scores in CERAD-NB in women, and women may have more actual AD pathology at the time of the investigations than men.

### Instruction: Does periodontitis promote the diabetic development of obese rat via miR-147 induced classical macrophage activation? ### Response:

This study provided new evidence for the positive effect of periodontal inflammation on diabetic development, while the regulatory mechanism of miR-147 on classical macrophage activation, was verified, and presumed to contribute to the impaired glucose tolerance aggravated by periodontitis in obese rats. Besides, this study indicated the application of miR-147 for therapeutic approach in the treatment of diabetes with periodontitis.

### Instruction: Does geographical disparity in breast reconstruction following mastectomy have reduced over time? ### Response:

Geographical barriers to accessing BR have reduced; however, continued monitoring and further research to inform strategies to further reduce subgroup disparities remain a priority.

### Instruction: Are high levels of serum vitamin D associated with a decreased risk of metabolic diseases in both men and women , but an increased risk for coronary artery calcification in Korean men? ### Response:

High levels of serum vitamin D were associated with lower risk of MS, IR and FL in both Korean men and women, but were associated with higher risk of CAC only in men, and not in women.

### Instruction: Is progranulin increased in human and murine lipodystrophy? ### Response:

Progranulin serum concentration is increased in patients with LD, and shows an independent and positive correlation with CRP. Different adipose tissue depots and muscle might be potential origins of elevated progranulin.

### Instruction: Is catechol-O-methyltransferase Val158Met polymorphism associated with increased risk of multiple uterine leiomyomas either positive or negative for MED12 exon 2 mutations? ### Response:

Women with COMT Val/Val genotype are at high risk of developing multiple uterine fibroids either positive or negative for MED12 exon 2 mutations. These data are important to design new strategies for UL prophylaxis and treatment.

### Instruction: Does microRNA-29b Overexpression decrease Extracellular Matrix mRNA and Protein Production in Human Corneal Endothelial Cells? ### Response:

Overexpression of miR-29b decreased ECM protein production in human corneal endothelial cells. Thus, miR-29 replacement therapy might be a new treatment strategy for FECD aimed at reducing pathologic production of ECM proteins in Descemet membrane.

### Instruction: Do human spermatogonial stem cells display limited proliferation in vitro under mouse spermatogonial stem cell culture conditions? ### Response:

We found that hSSCs show limited proliferation in vitro under mSSC culture conditions. Coculture of HLA

### Instruction: Does dual trigger for final oocyte maturation improve the oocyte retrieval rate of suboptimal responders to gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist? ### Response:

Basal LH level was useful predictor of the suboptimal response to GnRH-a trigger. Administrating dual trigger including 1,000 IU hCG for final oocyte maturation could improve the oocytes retrieval rate of GnRH-a suboptimal responder.

### Instruction: Does autophagy protect human podocytes from high glucose-induced injury by preventing insulin resistance? ### Response:

The presence or activation of autophagy was found to play a protective role in human podocytes against high glucose-induced insulin resistance and cell injury, which indicates a novel cellular mechanism and provides a potential therapeutic target for diabetic nephropathy (DN).

### Instruction: Is apolipoprotein D deficiency associated to high bone turnover , low bone mass and impaired osteoblastic function in aged female mice? ### Response:

Our results indicate that ApoD influences bone metabolism in mice in a gender-specific manner, potentially through an auto-/paracrine pathway.

### Instruction: Does deep subcutaneous adipose tissue lipid unsaturation associate with intramyocellular lipid content? ### Response:

DSAT and SSAT FA unsaturation shows distinct associations with obesity and IMCL in MZ twins, reflecting compartment-specific metabolic activities. The FA unsaturation in the DSAT depot associates inversely with IMCL content, which raises the possibility of cross talk between the DSAT depot and the rapid turnover IMCL depot.

### Instruction: Does ischemic post-conditioning attenuate renal ischemic reperfusion injury via down-regulation of toll-like receptor 4 in diabetic rats? ### Response:

Taken together, our results suggest that proper IPO may have protective effect on the ischemic injury mediated by renal I/R, which might be associated with inhibition of TLR4 signaling pathway in diabetic rats.

### Instruction: Does human Amnion-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ameliorate Liver Fibrosis in Rats? ### Response:

Transplantation of hAMSCs provided significant improvement in a rat model of liver fibrosis, possibly through the inhibition of Kupffer cell and hepatic stellate cell activation. hAMSCs may be a potential new treatment for liver fibrosis.

### Instruction: Does cyclic Helix B Peptide in Preservation Solution and Autologous Blood Perfusate ameliorate Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Isolated Porcine Kidneys? ### Response:

Cyclic helix B peptide administered into preservation and reperfusion solutions ameliorated renal ischemia-reperfusion injury, which might be associated with decreased apoptosis, inflammation and caspase-3, but increased HSP70. This novel preservation approach using CHBP may be applied in a porcine kidney transplant model and potential human donor kidney preservation.

### Instruction: Do rotavirus vaccines contribute towards universal health coverage in a mixed public-private healthcare system? ### Response:

We propose that universal vaccination complements health financing reforms in strengthening Universal Health Coverage (UHC). ECEA provides an important tool to understand the implications of vaccination for UHC, beyond traditional considerations of economic efficiency.

### Instruction: Is elevated estimated arterial age associated with metabolic syndrome and low-grade inflammation? ### Response:

Elevated eAA was associated with male sex, higher plasma glucose, and soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor and known CVD independently of age, SBP, and heart rate.

### Instruction: Does metoclopramide unmask potentially misleading contralateral suppression in patients undergoing adrenal vein sampling for primary aldosteronism? ### Response:

Metoclopramide does not enhance lateralization of aldosterone excess in APA, but consistently increased the value of RASI in non-APA cases, thus unmasking potentially misleading suppression of aldosterone. Postmetoclopramide RASI may therefore allow a more precise diagnosis when AVS can be achieved only unilaterally.

### Instruction: Are early angiographic changes of intra-aneurysmal flow after flow-diverter stent treatment predictive of therapeutic success? ### Response:

Early angiographic changes after FDS placement are very frequent, but are not correlated with the 12-month technical success of flow-diversion techniques.

### Instruction: Does β1-Adrenergic receptor Arg389Gly polymorphism affect the antiarrhythmic efficacy of flecainide in patients with coadministration of β-blockers? ### Response:

The Gly389 polymorphism decreased the antiarrhythmic efficacy of flecainide when coadministered with β-blockers. The results indicate that the Arg389Gly polymorphism may play an important role in predicting the efficacy of flecainide in patients with coadministration of β-blockers.

### Instruction: Does cNTF attenuate Vasoproliferative Changes Through Upregulation of SOCS3 in a Mouse-Model of Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy? ### Response:

This study provides evidence for a therapeutic potential of CNTF beyond degenerative retinal disease. Vasoproliferative retinopathies may benefit from a CNTF-dependent and SOCS3-mediated angiomodulatory effect.

### Instruction: Is anti-apoptotic effect of interleukin-22 on fibroblast-like synoviocytes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis mediated via the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling pathway? ### Response:

IL-22 protects against SNP-induced apoptosis in RA-FLS by activating the STAT3 pathway and the downstream target gene, Bcl-2. Therefore, therapeutic strategies that target the IL-22/STAT3 pathway are implicated as candidates for RA treatment.

### Instruction: Do large-diameter total hip arthroplasty modular heads require greater assembly forces for initial stability? ### Response:

This is the first study to show that 36 mm Co-Cr heads have up to 20% lower pull-off connection strength compared with 28 mm heads for equivalent assembly forces. This effect is likely to play a role in the high failure rates of large diameter MoM hips.Cite this article: A. R. MacLeod, N. P. T. Sullivan, M. R. Whitehouse, H. S. Gill. Large-diameter total hip arthroplasty modular heads require greater assembly forces for initial stability. Bone Joint Res 2016;5:338-346. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.58.BJR-2016-0044.R1.

### Instruction: Do compound heterozygotes for filaggrin gene mutations always show severe atopic dermatitis? ### Response:

Our results suggest that individuals with bi-allelic FLG mutations do not always have severe AD and confirm that not all individuals with bi-allelic FLG mutations have AD.

### Instruction: Do erythrocytes activate purified and platelet soluble guanylate cyclases even in conditions favourable for NO synthesis? ### Response:

All our experiments demonstrate that RBCs act as strong NO scavengers and prevent NO-mediated inhibition of activated platelets. In all tested conditions, RBCs were not able to activate platelet or purified sGC.

### Instruction: Does visceral Hypersensitivity be Provoked by 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzene Sulfonic Acid-Induced Ileitis in Rats? ### Response:

TNBS injection into the ileum induced transmural ileitis including granuloma and visceral hypersensitivity. As this model mimics clinical manifestations of CD, it may provide a road map to probe the pathogenesis of gut inflammation and visceral hypersensitivity, as well as for establishing the therapeutic protocol for Crohn's ileitis.

### Instruction: Does met promote the formation of double minute chromosomes induced by Sei-1 in NIH-3T3 murine fibroblasts? ### Response:

Met is an important promotor of DMs formation.

### Instruction: Does serum proatrial natriuretic peptide increase with higher systolic blood pressure in obese men? ### Response:

Contrary to known physiological BP responses, MR-proANP was negatively associated with ABP in our study. This suggests that a low amount of circulating NPs could play a role in the early stage of obesity-related hypertension.

### Instruction: Does common variable immunodeficiency in adults require reserved protocols for long-term follow-up? ### Response:

Early identification of complications and comorbidities in patients with CVID will significantly improve quality of life and survival. Close observation and standardized protocols for follow-up are essential components of management.

### Instruction: Is low-dose hyper-radiosensitivity in human hepatocellular HepG2 cells associated with Cdc25C-mediated G2/M cell cycle checkpoint control? ### Response:

These findings indicate that low-dose HRS in HepG2 cells may be associated with Cdc25C-mediated G2/M cell cycle checkpoint control.

### Instruction: Does apelin-13 infusion salvage the peri-infarct region to preserve cardiac function after severe myocardial injury? ### Response:

A13 preserves cardiac performance by salvaging the peri-infarct region and may contribute to permanent restoration of the severely injured myocardium.

### Instruction: Does surveillance provide insight into epidemiology and spectrum of culture-confirmed mycobacterial disease in children? ### Response:

There has been a significant reduction in bacteriologically confirmed MDR-TB cases. The increase in RMP monoresistance has important implications for treatment.

### Instruction: Do human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells protect against experimental colitis via CD5 ( + ) B regulatory cells? ### Response:

HUC-MSCs protected against experimental colitis by boosting the numbers of CD5(+) B cells and IL-10-producing CD5(+) Bregs, and correcting Treg/Th17/Th1 imbalances.

### Instruction: Do accumbal μ-Opioid Receptors Modulate Ethanol Intake in Alcohol-Preferring Alko Alcohol Rats? ### Response:

The results provide further evidence for the role of accumbens shell μ-opioid receptors but not κ-opioid receptors in mediating reinforcing effects of EtOH and in regulating EtOH consumption. The results also provide support for views suggesting that the nucleus accumbens shell has a major role in mediating EtOH reward.

### Instruction: Does the Activity of Antimicrobial Surfaces vary by Testing Protocol Utilized? ### Response:

Varying results between protocols suggested that efficacy of antimicrobial surfaces cannot be easily and reproducibly compared. Clinical use should be considered and further development of representative methods is needed.

### Instruction: Does hepaticoplasty prevent cholangitis after pancreaticoduodenectomy in patients with small bile ducts? ### Response:

The ratio of postoperative reduction of the bile duct diameter to that before surgery was found to be the only risk factor for cholangitis after PD. Patients with a small bile duct of ≤15 mm in diameter preoperatively might benefit from hepaticoplasty to widen the bile duct diameter and prevent cholangitis after PD.

### Instruction: Does bacillus anthracis S-layer protein BslA bound to extracellular matrix by interacting with laminin? ### Response:

These data demonstrated that laminin is a ligand for BslA.

### Instruction: Does [ be THERE A PLACE FOR VIA AND VILI IN OUR PRACTICE ]? ### Response:

Both types of visual inspection of the uterine cervix are easy to accomplish, fast--the result is available at the moment of inspection, they do not require special equipment, the correlation between sensitivity and specificity is good and last but not least--they have low price. VIA and VILI have certain position in our practice.

### Instruction: Does intravenous Thrombolysis and pass of Thrombectomy as Predictors for Endovascular Revascularization in Ischemic Stroke? ### Response:

ivT and lower passes of thrombectomy are associated with recanalization after ERT for ischemic stroke with proximal vessel occlusions.

### Instruction: Does metabolomic analysis of CSF indicate brain metabolic impairment precedes hematological indices of anemia in the iron-deficient infant monkey? ### Response:

Metabolomic analysis of the CSF is sensitive for detecting the effects of pre-anemic ID on brain energy metabolism. Persistence of a lower PCr/Cr ratio at 8 months, even as hematological measures demonstrated recovery from anemia, indicate that the restoration of brain energy metabolism is delayed. Metabolomic platforms offer a useful tool for early detection of the impact of ID on brain metabolism in infants.

### Instruction: Is dysfunction of endothelial progenitor cells associated with the type I IFN pathway in patients with polymyositis and dermatomyositis? ### Response:

PM/DM is associated with dysregulation of EPC phenotype and function that may be attributed, at least in part, to aberrant IL-18 and type I IFN pathways. The implication of these vasculopathic findings for disease prognosis and complications remains to be determined.

### Instruction: Does dietary guanidinoacetic acid increase brain creatine levels in healthy men? ### Response:

Supplemental GAA led to a region-dependent increase of the creatine pool in the human brain. This might be relevant for restoring cellular bioenergetics in disorders characterized by low brain creatine and functional enzymatic machinery for creatine synthesis, including neurodegenerative diseases, brain tumors, or cerebrovascular disease.

### Instruction: Does complement C3a mobilize Dental Pulp Stem Cells and Specifically Guides Pulp Fibroblast Recruitment? ### Response:

These results provide the first demonstration of C3aR expression in the dental pulp and demonstrate that C3a is involved in increasing DPSCs and fibroblast proliferation, in mobilizing DPSCs, and in specifically guiding fibroblast recruitment. This provides an additional link to the tight correlation between inflammation and tissue regeneration.

### Instruction: Does paCaHa inhibit proliferation of human cancer cells in vitro? ### Response:

PaCaHa showed dose dependent cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects on three distinct human cancer cell lines. The differential effect of PaCaHa on different cancer cell lines suggests that PaCaHa could have a potential antitumor effect on specific cancer types. These results support further comprehensive studies on PaCaHa and its derivatives.

### Instruction: Is vitamin D deficiency independently associated with greater prevalence of erectile dysfunction : The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ( NHANES ) 2001-2004? ### Response:

In this cross-sectional analysis of a representative sample of U.S. men, vitamin D deficiency was associated with an increased prevalence of ED independent of ASCVD risk factors. Additional research is needed to evaluate whether treating vitamin D deficiency improves erectile function.

### Instruction: Is early polysensitization associated with allergic multimorbidity in PARIS birth cohort infants? ### Response:

This study highlights, as early as 18 months of age, three profiles of increasing severity with regard to allergic sensitization and diseases. These profiles also differ in terms of allergic morbidity at 6 years. Early sensitization can predict allergic multimorbidity in childhood, and in the case of early polysensitization, multimorbidity is more frequent as soon as infancy.