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### Instruction: Is tumor-related leukocytosis associated with poor radiation response and clinical outcome in uterine cervical cancer patients? ### Response:

This study reveals the aggressive nature of cervical cancer with TRL and its poor response to radiation therapy. Given the unfavorable prognosis and higher probability of treatment failure, optimal diagnostic and therapeutic approaches and careful monitoring for early detection of recurrence should be considered for these patients.

### Instruction: Is lentiviral HSV-Tk.007-mediated suicide gene therapy toxic for normal brain cells? ### Response:

We show that HSV-Tk.007-mediated suicide gene therapy is not toxic to normal brain cells. This observation is of high relevance for the translation of lentivirus-mediated suicide gene therapies into the clinic for the treatment of brain tumor patients. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

### Instruction: Does severe aortic arch calcification predict mortality in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis? ### Response:

In patients undergoing PD, CXR-detected severe AoAC was an independent risk factor for all-cause and CV mortalities.

### Instruction: Does trichostatin A inhibit Retinal Pigmented Epithelium Activation in an In Vitro Model of Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy? ### Response:

Our findings indicate a role of acetylation in RPE activation. Specifically, the HDAC inhibitor TSA decreased RPE cell proliferation and TGFβ2-mediated cell contraction and migration. Further investigation of pharmacological compounds that modulate acetylation may hold promise as therapeutic agents for PVR.

### Instruction: Does rESVERATROL TREATMENT prevent HIPPOCAMAL NEURODEGENERATION IN A RODENT MODEL OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY? ### Response:

Our results demonstrated that RVT had a healing effect on neurons after TBI.

### Instruction: Does partial Loss of Function of the GHRH Receptor lead to Mild Growth Hormone Deficiency? ### Response:

We report the first coexistence of two novel compound homozygous GHRHR variants in two unrelated pedigrees associated with a partial loss of function. Surprisingly, the patients have a relatively mild IGHD phenotype. Analysis revealed that the pP79L mutation is associated with the compromise in function, with the residual partial activity explaining the mild phenotype.

### Instruction: Are clinical concentrations of morphine cytotoxic on proliferating human fibroblasts in vitro? ### Response:

Cytotoxic effects of morphine are exposure, time and concentration dependent. Simulating aspects of inflammatory conditions seems to increase resistance to morphine cytotoxicity especially in the presence of higher concentration and longer exposure times.

### Instruction: Does extremes of shock index predict death in trauma patients? ### Response:

Our data indicate a bimodal relationship between SI and mortality in head injured patients that persists after correction for various co-factors. The distribution of mortality is different between head injured patients and patients without head injuries. Elevated SI predicts death in all trauma patients, but low SI values only predict death in head injured patients.

### Instruction: Do two novel MYH7 proline substitutions cause Laing Distal Myopathy-like phenotypes with variable expressivity and neck extensor contracture? ### Response:

This study expands our clinical and molecular knowledge of MYH7 rod mutations causing skeletal myopathies, and underscores the importance of discussing disease penetrance during genetic counseling.

### Instruction: Does improving Spleen Volume Estimation Via Computer-assisted Segmentation on Clinically Acquired CT scan? ### Response:

A computer-automated segmentation approach with manual correction of outliers generated accurate splenic volumes with reasonable time efficiency.

### Instruction: Are methods for detecting , quantifying , and adjusting for dissemination bias in meta-analysis described? ### Response:

We present an overview of existing methods to detect, quantify, or adjust for dissemination bias. It remains difficult to advise which method should be used as they are all limited and their validity has rarely been assessed. Therefore, a thorough literature search remains crucial in systematic reviews, and further steps to increase the availability of all research results need to be taken.

### Instruction: Does olanzapine-depot administration induce time-dependent changes in adipose tissue endocrine function in rats? ### Response:

This study provides data suggesting early alteration in adipose tissue endocrine function as a factor involved in mechanisms underlying metabolic adverse effects of antipsychotics.

### Instruction: Does geophagy be Associated with Growth Faltering in Children in Rural Bangladesh? ### Response:

These findings show that caregiver-reported geophagy was associated with growth faltering in a pediatric population in rural Bangladesh. Future studies are needed to learn more about this exposure pathway and its relevance to child growth.

### Instruction: Does benign Joint Hypermobility Minimally impact Autonomic Abnormalities in Pediatric Subjects with Chronic Functional Pain Disorders? ### Response:

Children with chronic functional pain disorders and BJH have autonomic testing findings and comorbid features compared with a similar cohort of subjects without BJH, suggesting that BJH is not the driver of the autonomic and comorbid disorders.

### Instruction: Is sleep apnea associated with an increased risk of mood disorders : a population-based cohort study? ### Response:

There is a greater likelihood of MD manifesting in patients with a history of sleep apnea. Health professionals are thus advised to carefully monitor the psychological impacts of sleep apnea.

### Instruction: Is hLA-Cw6 homozygosity in plaque psoriasis associated with streptococcal throat infections and pronounced improvement after tonsillectomy : A prospective case series? ### Response:

Few patients were included and some data were retrospective.

### Instruction: Does depression correlate with quality of life in people with epilepsy independent of the measures used? ### Response:

The relationship between depression and QoL in people with epilepsy has been demonstrated to be a robust and valid effect, not a result of potential bias of the specific measures used. However, the strength of the association is influenced by the individual instrument. Atypical or subsyndromic forms of depression are as relevant as DSM-based depression in terms of impact on QoL.

### Instruction: Do a Report of Transverse Process Fractures Secondary to the Centrifuge in a Healthy Aviator? ### Response:

The etiology, incidence, and treatment of transverse process fractures are examined to better prepare the clinician for the management of these cases. Puderbaugh MA. A report of transverse process fractures secondary to the centrifuge in a healthy aviator. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2016; 87(7):655-658.

### Instruction: Does uPAR enhance malignant potential of triple-negative breast cancer by directly interacting with uPA and IGF1R? ### Response:

Our outcomes show that not only overexpressed biomarkers promote tumourigenesis, but rather their interactions further potentiate tumour progression. This study emphasises the potential of combined approaches targeting uPAR and its interactors with regard to an improved therapy of TNBC.

### Instruction: Do multiple syntrophic interactions drive biohythane production from waste sludge in microbial electrolysis cells? ### Response:

This study proves for the first time that biohythane could be produced directly in biocathode MECs using waste sludge. MEC and alkali-pretreatment accelerated enrichment of hydrogenotrophic methanogen and hydrolysis of waste sludge. The results indicate syntrophic interactions among fermentative bacteria, exoelectrogenic bacteria and methanogenic archaea in MECs are critical for highly efficient conversion of complex organics into biohythane, demonstrating that MECs can be more competitive than conventional anaerobic digestion for biohythane production using carbohydrate-deficient substrates. Biohythane production from waste sludge by MEC provides a promising new way for practical application of microbial electrochemical technology.

### Instruction: Does association Between Presence of Virulence Genes and Antibiotic Resistance in Clinical Klebsiella Pneumoniae isolate? ### Response:

Our results showed a correlation between presence of virulence gene and antibiotic resistance in K. pneumoniae.

### Instruction: Does prenatal high-dose vitamin D3 supplementation have balanced effects on cord blood Th1 and Th2 responses? ### Response:

Third-trimester high-dose vitD3 supplementation in healthy pregnant women had balanced effects on biomarkers of cord blood Th1 and Th2 responses.

### Instruction: Does the new generation synthetic reconstituted surfactant CHF5633 suppress LPS-induced cytokine responses in human neonatal monocytes? ### Response:

Our data confirm that CHF5633 does not exert unintended pro-apoptotic and pro-inflammatory effects in human neonatal monocytes. CHF5633 rather suppressed LPS-induced TNF-α and IL-1β cytokine responses. Our data add to previous work and may indicate anti-inflammatory features of CHF5633 on LPS-induced monocyte cytokine responses.

### Instruction: Does positive expression of miR-361-5p indicate better prognosis for breast cancer patients? ### Response:

These results indicated that miR-361-5p expression is an independent predictive factor for better prognosis in BC.

### Instruction: Is cytoplasmic expression of β-catenin an independent predictor of progression of conventional renal cell carcinoma : a simple immunostaining score? ### Response:

Cytoplasmic β-catenin expression is an independent prognostic factor for conventional RCC, and may help to identify patients with a high risk of cancer-specific death and to direct optimized active surveillance or adjuvant therapy.

### Instruction: Do plasma levels of Galectin-9 reflect disease severity in malaria infection? ### Response:

Gal-9 is released during acute malaria, and reflects its severity. This elevation of Gal-9 in acute malaria infection raises the possibility of its role in termination of the immune response by binding to Tim-3, a receptor of Gal-9.

### Instruction: Does spinal Cord Stimulation modulate Gene Expression in the Spinal Cord of an Animal Model of Peripheral Nerve Injury? ### Response:

Continuously applied SCS modulates expression of key genes involved in the regulation of neuronal membrane potential.

### Instruction: Does sMARCE1 regulate metastatic potential of breast cancer cells through the HIF1A/PTK2 pathway? ### Response:

SMARCE1 plays an essential role in breast cancer metastasis by protecting cells against anoikis through the HIF1A/PTK2 pathway. SMARCE1-mediated PTK2 activation likely plays a key role in promoting metastasis of basal-like and luminal B subtype of breast tumors.

### Instruction: Does ataxia Severity correlate with White Matter Degeneration in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 7? ### Response:

These results suggest a significant contribution of local cerebellar and cerebellar-midbrain connections to ataxic impairment in spinocerebellar ataxia type 7. The results also suggest an involvement of cortical WM abnormalities including tracts within the occipital and frontal cortices. These findings contribute to a more comprehensive view of the clinical impact of the white matter degeneration in spinocerebellar ataxia type 7.

### Instruction: Does rSPO3 expand intestinal stem cell and niche compartments and drives tumorigenesis? ### Response:

We provide in vivo evidence that RSPO3 stimulates the crypt stem cell and niche compartments and drives rapid intestinal tumorigenesis. This establishes RSPO3 as a potent driver of intestinal cancer and proposes RSPO3 as a candidate target for therapy in patients with colorectal cancer harbouring RSPO3 fusions.

### Instruction: Does integrated Epigenomics Analysis reveal a DNA Methylation Panel for Endometrial Cancer Detection Using Cervical Scrapings? ### Response:

This study demonstrates the potential use of methylated BHLHE22/CDO1/CELF4 panel for endometrial cancer screening of cervical scrapings. Clin Cancer Res; 1-10. ©2016 AACR.

### Instruction: Are organ boundary NAC-domain transcription factors implicated in the evolution of petal fusion? ### Response:

Together with previous data, our results demonstrate conservation of petunia CUC-like genes in establishing inter-floral whorl organ boundaries, as well as functional evolution to affect the fusion of petunia petals.

### Instruction: Does early α-fetoprotein response predict survival in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma treated with sorafenib? ### Response:

Early AFP response may be useful for predicting survival in patients with advanced HCC treated with sorafenib.

### Instruction: Is higher neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio related to a lower ejectionfraction in bicuspid aortic valve patients? ### Response:

NLR is associated with ascending aorta diameter and left ventricular ejection fraction in BAV patients with ascending aorta dilatation.

### Instruction: Does marker of Endothelial Dysfunction Asymmetric Dimethylarginine be Elevated in HIV Infection but Not Associated With Subclinical Atherosclerosis? ### Response:

Evidence of endothelial dysfunction was found in HIV infection and in untreated compared with treated HIV infection. In untreated HIV infection, the main driver of endothelial dysfunction was viral replication. Importantly, in treated HIV infection, ADMA was not associated with subclinical atherosclerosis. Thus, our data question the potential of ADMA as a useful biomarker of early atherosclerosis in treated HIV infection.

### Instruction: Are explosive Training and Heavy Weight Training Effective for Improving Running Economy in Endurance Athletes : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis? ### Response:

Explosive training and heavy weight training are effective concurrent training methods aiming to improve RE within a few weeks. However, long-term training programs seem to be necessary when the largest possible improvement in RE is desired.

### Instruction: Is community readiness for adolescents ' overweight and obesity prevention low in urban South Africa : a case study? ### Response:

Religious leaders recognised that they act as role models within the community and thus have a role to play in improving adolescent health. They have some knowledge about the overweight/obesity issue and some of the resources could be made available to support overweight/obesity prevention-related initiatives. However, the low community knowledge of efforts and the negative prevailing attitude of the community towards overweight and obesity highlight the need to increase awareness of this issue prior to implementing initiatives on overweight and obesity prevention.

### Instruction: Does inhibition of late sodium current attenuate ionic arrhythmia mechanism in ventricular myocytes expressing LaminA-N195K mutation? ### Response:

Inhibition of late I

### Instruction: Does lipopolysaccharide induce SBD-1 expression via the P38 MAPK signaling pathway in ovine oviduct epithelial cells? ### Response:

Together, these findings suggest that SBD-1 is upregulated by LPS via the TLR4 receptor, mainly through the P38 MAPK signaling pathway in ovine oviduct epithelial cells to protect the ovine oviduct epithelium from pathogen invasion.

### Instruction: Does deletion of LR11 attenuate Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Arterial Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation With Medial Thickening in Mice? ### Response:

LR11 regulated SMC proliferation during the progression of hypoxia-induced medial thickening in mice. The findings obtained from mice, together with those in humans, indicate that sLR11 could serve as a novel biomarker that reflects the pathophysiology of proliferating medial SMC in pulmonary arterial hypertension.

### Instruction: Does miR-20a-5p repress multi-drug resistance in osteosarcoma by targeting the KIF26B gene? ### Response:

In addition to providing mechanistic insights, our study revealed that miR-20a-5p and KIF26B contribute to OS chemoresistance and determined the roles of these genes in this process, which may be critical for characterizing drug responsiveness and overcoming chemoresistance in OS patients.

### Instruction: Does pharmacogenetics of efavirenz discontinuation for reported central nervous system symptoms appear to differ by race? ### Response:

Slow metabolizer genotypes were associated significantly with efavirenz discontinuation for reported CNS symptoms. This association was considerably stronger in Whites than in Blacks.

### Instruction: Is prophylactic Gentamicin Associated with Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Open Fractures? ### Response:

Prophylactic gentamicin is not associated with AKI, whereas hypotension on admission and higher ISS were. The use of nephrotoxic agents, including aminoglycosides, should be restricted in open fracture patients presenting with hypotension or a high ISS.

### Instruction: Does population structure from NOS genes correlate with geographical differences in coronary incidence across Europe? ### Response:

Our results reinforce the hypothesis that genetic bases of cardiovascular diseases and associated complex phenotypes could be geographically shaped by random demographic processes.

### Instruction: Does cadmium Exposure enhance Bisphenol A-Induced Genotoxicity through 8-Oxoguanine-DNA Glycosylase-1 OGG1 Inhibition in NIH3T3 Fibroblast Cells? ### Response:

These findings indicate that Cd exposure aggravates BPA-induced genotoxicity and cytotoxicity through OGG1 inhibition.

### Instruction: Do grape compounds suppress colon cancer stem cells in vitro and in a rodent model of colon carcinogenesis? ### Response:

The suppression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and elevated mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in colon CSCs support potential clinical testing/application of grape bioactives for colon cancer prevention and/or therapy.

### Instruction: Is aDAM17 a Tumor Promoter and Therapeutic Target in Western Diet-associated Colon Cancer? ### Response:

ADAM17 is a Western diet-inducible enzyme activated by CXCL12-CXCR4 signaling, suggesting the pathway: Western diet→CXCL12→CXCR4→ADAM17→TGFα→EGFR. ADAM17 might serve as a druggable target in chemoprevention strategies. Clin Cancer Res; 1-13. ©2016 AACR.

### Instruction: Does continuous Pringle maneuver affect outcomes of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after curative resection? ### Response:

Continuous PM effectively reduces intraoperative bleeding and does not adversely impact the outcomes of HCC patients. It remains a valuable tool in hepatic resection, even difficult, complicated resections requiring prolonged clamping times.

### Instruction: Does lncRNAs expression in adjuvant-induced arthritis rats reveal the potential role of LncRNAs contributing to rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis? ### Response:

These results revealed that clusters of LncRNAs were uniquely expressed in AA rats compared with controls, which manifests that these differentially expressed LncRNAs in AA rats might play a vital role in RA development. Up-regulation or down-regulation of the six LncRNAs might contribute to the molecular mechanism underlying RA. To sum up, our study provides potential targets for treatment of RA and novel profound understanding of the pathogenesis of RA.

### Instruction: Does atrial natriuretic peptide induce peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ during cardiac ischemia-reperfusion in swine heart? ### Response:

Atrial natriuretic peptide may achieve its cardioprotective effects in part via the activation of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ pathway, particularly in central areas of ischemic lesions.

### Instruction: Does micro RNA-19a suppress IL-10 in peripheral B cells from patients with atherosclerosis? ### Response:

TNF-α or IFN-γ or IL-4 suppresses IL-10 in B cells via up regulating miR-19a expression.

### Instruction: Are corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 ( CRH-R1 ) polymorphisms associated with irritable bowel syndrome and acoustic startle response? ### Response:

These findings support that CRH-R1 contributes to the dysregulated stress responsiveness in IBS.

### Instruction: Does carbon Monoxide improve Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells During Sepsis by Production of Specialized Proresolving Lipid Mediators? ### Response:

Taken together, these data suggest that production of specialized proresolving lipid mediators contribute to improved mesenchymal stromal cell efficacy when exposed to carbon monoxide, resulting in an improved therapeutic response during sepsis.

### Instruction: Does yoga reduce perceived stress and exhaustion levels in healthy elderly individuals? ### Response:

Yoga participation can improve mental/emotional wellness, exhaustion levels, and stress levels in elderly individuals, even without measurable improvements in physical function. Clinicians and health practitioners who work with the elderly should consider yoga as a potential therapeutic modality for improving important aspects of quality of life in this population.

### Instruction: Does rate of Organ Space Infection be Reduced with the Use of an Air Leak Test During Major Hepatectomies? ### Response:

The use of an intraoperative ALT significantly reduces the rate of OSI following major hepatectomy and may contribute to lower post-discharge readmission rates.

### Instruction: Does increased Ratio of Visceral to Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in Septic Patients be Associated With Adverse Outcome? ### Response:

Visceral obesity, defined by a high visceral adipose tissue-to-subcutaneous adipose tissue ratio, contributes to adverse outcome in sepsis patients perhaps because of a greater pro- versus anti-inflammatory response.

### Instruction: Is impaired renal function associated with recurrence after cryoballoon catheter ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation : A potential effect of non-pulmonary vein foci? ### Response:

Low eGFR at baseline was an independent predictor of recurrence after cryoballoon ablation for paroxysmal AF. The presence of non-PV ectopic beats was significantly increased in patients with impaired renal function, which might be associated with a poor outcome.

### Instruction: Is prophylactic Plasma Transfusion Before Interventional Radiology Procedures Associated With Reduced Bleeding Complications? ### Response:

In patients undergoing interventional radiology procedures, preprocedural plasma transfusions given in the setting of elevated INR values were associated with increased periprocedural RBC transfusions. Additional research is needed to clarify this potential association between preprocedural plasma transfusion and periprocedural RBC transfusion.

### Instruction: Is incidence of Type 1 Diabetes Increasing in a Population-Based Cohort in Olmsted County , Minnesota , USA? ### Response:

The incidence of T1D has stopped increasing in Olmsted County, Minnesota, in the most recent decade. Further studies are needed to confirm this finding and explore reasons for this plateau.

### Instruction: Is repeat endoscopic ultrasound fine needle aspiration after a first negative procedure useful in pancreatic lesions? ### Response:

Repeat EUS-FNA in pancreatic lesions is necessary in patients with a negative first EUS-FNA because it improves the diagnostic yield.

### Instruction: Is exploration under the dome : Esophageal ultrasound with the ultrasound bronchoscope indispensible? ### Response:

Operators comfortable with the endobronchial ultrasound scope in both the airway and the esophagus can actively seek and successfully perform biopsy of sub-diaphragmatic abnormalities when present and can thereby add to the diagnostic value of the procedure.

### Instruction: Is obstructive sleep apnea associated with visit-to-visit variability in low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol in patients with coronary artery disease? ### Response:

This is the first study to show the independent correlation between OSA severity and visit-to-visit LDL-C variability. Our finding contributes to the understanding of the vasculopathic effects of OSA.

### Instruction: Is spontaneous Preterm Delivery , Particularly with Reduced Fetal Growth , Associated with DNA Hypomethylation of Tumor Related Genes? ### Response:

These data suggest that epigenetic modification is associated with an increased risk of spontaneous preterm delivery, spontaneous preterm delivery with reduced fetal growth in particular.

### Instruction: Does sleep Quality predict Persistence of Parental Postpartum Depressive Symptoms and Transmission of Depressive Symptoms from Mothers to Fathers? ### Response:

Postpartum sleep difficulties may contribute to a vicious cycle between sleep and the persistence of depression after the birth of a child. Sleep problems may also contribute to the transmission of depression within a couple. Psychoeducation and behavioral treatments to improve sleep may benefit new parents.

### Instruction: Is high-fat but not sucrose intake essential for induction of dyslipidemia and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in guinea pigs? ### Response:

Collectively, our results suggest that intake of fat and cholesterol, but not sucrose, are the main factors driving the development and progression of dyslipidemia and NAFLD/NASH.

### Instruction: Does clostridium difficile Infection be Associated With Lower Inpatient Mortality When Managed by GI Surgeons? ### Response:

This was a retrospective study from a single institution, thereby limiting generalizability, with a lack of information regarding premorbid creatinine levels, ileus, or megacolon.

### Instruction: Is bOLD quantified renal pO2 sensitive to pharmacological challenges in rats? ### Response:

Model-derived blood pO2 is sensitive to pharmacological challenges, and baseline pO2 is comparable to literature values. Reporting pO2 instead of R2* could lead to a greater clinical impact of renal BOLD MRI and facilitate the identification of hypoxic regions. Magn Reson Med, 2016. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.

### Instruction: Is periodontitis an independent risk indicator for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases among 60 174 participants in a large dental school in the Netherlands? ### Response:

This cross-sectional analysis of a large cohort in the Netherlands of 60 174 participants shows the independent association of periodontitis with ACVD.

### Instruction: Does naringin protect against HIV-1 protease inhibitors-induced pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and apoptosis? ### Response:

PIs impair β-cell functions by increasing oxidative stress and apoptosis. Treatment with naringin protected RIN-5F cells from PI-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis. Our results therefore suggest that nutritional supplements with naringin could prevent pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and the attendant metabolic complications caused by PIs in patients on antiretroviral therapy.

### Instruction: Do the Histologic Classifications of Lung Adenocarcinomas Are Discriminable by Unique Lineage Backgrounds? ### Response:

For the first time, we showed the unique lineage backgrounds of different histologic subtypes and oncogenic mutations. Assessing this added parameter might be beneficial in discriminating intertumor heterogeneity, advancing target exploration, developing theranostic/prognostic biomarkers, and designing clinical trials.

### Instruction: Does noninvasive Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Molecular Imaging detect Myocardial Inflammatory Response in Autoimmune Myocarditis? ### Response:

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound molecular imaging can detect endothelial inflammation and leukocyte infiltration in myocarditis in the absence of a detectable decline in left ventricular performance by functional imaging. In particular, imaging of CD4+ T cells involved in autoimmune responses could be helpful in diagnosing myocarditis.

### Instruction: Is nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor gene variation associated with smoking status in Japanese? ### Response:

The rs2229205 SNP in the OPRL1 gene may be a genetic factor that contributes to individual differences in the vulnerability to smoking in Japanese individuals.

### Instruction: Does n-methyl-d-aspartate receptor autoimmunity affect cognitive performance in herpes simplex encephalitis? ### Response:

Anti-NMDAR autoimmunity is a common complication to HSE that develops within 3 months after onset of disease. The association to impaired neurocognitive recovery could have therapeutical implications, as central nervous system autoimmunity is potentially responsive to immunotherapy.

### Instruction: Are viruses frequently present as the infecting agent in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in patients presenting to hospital? ### Response:

The spectrum of viruses detected in patients with AECOPD is similar to that of the general population. Viruses are more likely to be identified in patients with AECOPD who present with influenza-like symptoms and a low C-reactive protein.

### Instruction: Does tissue factor induce VEGF expression via activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in ARPE-19 cells? ### Response:

Involvement of the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is an important mediator for TF-induced VEGF production during the process of angiogenesis. Thus, our findings may ascertain the molecular regulation of TF in neovessel formation and show significant therapeutic implications.

### Instruction: Are serum TARC levels strongly correlated with blood eosinophil count in patients with drug eruptions? ### Response:

Serum TARC levels are well correlated with blood eosinophil counts in patients with generalized drug eruptions, indicating that Th2-type immune reactions underlie TARC production. Serum TARC measurements also have potent diagnostic value for DIHS, with high sensitivity and specificity.

### Instruction: Does overexpression of microRNA-155 suppress chemokine expression induced by Interleukin-13 in BEAS-2B human bronchial epithelial cells? ### Response:

miR-155 specifically inhibits IL-13-induced expression of eosinophilic chemokines CCL11 and CCL26 in bronchial epithelial cells, even though the 3'-untranslated region of these genes do not contain a consensus binding site for miR-155.

### Instruction: Does human papillomavirus infection correlate with inflammatory Stat3 signaling activity and IL-17 expression in patients with breast cancer? ### Response:

There may be a possible tri-lateral relationship among HPV infection, constitutive Stat3 activity and IL-17 level, whose collaborations could orchestrate a proinflammatory microenvironment in breast tissues by which promote carcinogenesis and/or facilitate progression of breast cancer.

### Instruction: 's it just the big kids : both high and low BMI impact bracing success for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis? ### Response:

Based on our results, children on either end of the BMI spectrum are more likely to fail brace treatment for scoliosis than their mid-BMI counterparts. In high-BMI patients, this appears to be in large part attributable to an inadequacy of in-brace curve correction as well as to poorer brace compliance, while a low BMI appears to be an independent risk factor for brace failure.

### Instruction: Does multimodal MRI reveal structural connectivity differences in 22q11 deletion syndrome related to impaired spatial working memory? ### Response:

Abnormal spatial working memory in 22q11DS is associated with aberrant functional activity in conjunction with gray and white matter structural abnormalities. These anomalies in discrete brain regions may increase susceptibility to the development of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. Hum Brain Mapp 37:4689-4705, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

### Instruction: Does plasmid pPCP1-derived sRNA HmsA promote biofilm formation of Yersinia pestis? ### Response:

HmsA potentially functions as an activator of biofilm formation in Y. pestis, implying that sRNAs encoded on the laterally acquired plasmids might be involved in the chromosome-based regulatory networks implicated in Y. pestis-specific physiological processes.

### Instruction: Are enemas , suppositories and rectal stimulation effective in accelerating enteral feeding or meconium evacuation in low-birthweight infants : a systematic review? ### Response:

Suppositories were ineffective in shortening the time to reach full enteral feeding, and the evidence on enemas was contradictory. Enemas and rectal stimulation did not shorten the time until complete meconium evacuation was reached. Further research into safe, effective interventions to accelerate meconium excretion is needed.

### Instruction: Does abacavir have no prothrombotic effect on platelets in vitro? ### Response:

Our results suggest that abacavir does not significantly influence platelet activation in vitro when incubated with platelets from healthy donors or from HIV-infected patients. It is, however, not excluded that a synergistic effect with other drugs could promote platelet activation and thereby play a role in the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction.

### Instruction: Do atlantic salmon populations reveal adaptive divergence of immune related genes - a duplicated genome under selection? ### Response:

Our results show that natural selection acting on immune related genes has contributed to genetic divergence between salmon populations in Norway. The differences between populations may have been facilitated by the plasticity of the salmon genome. The observed signatures of selection in duplicated genomic regions suggest that the recently duplicated genome has provided raw material for evolutionary adaptation.

### Instruction: Does double-Stranded RNA interact With Toll-Like Receptor 3 in Driving the Acute Inflammatory Response Following Lung Contusion? ### Response:

We conclude that the interaction of double-stranded RNA from injured cells with toll-like receptor 3 drives the acute inflammatory response following lung contusion.

### Instruction: Does short-term atorvastatin therapy improve arterial stiffness of middle-aged systemic lupus erythematosus patients with pathological pulse wave velocity? ### Response:

Short-term atorvastatin therapy reduces arterial stiffness of SLE patients with baseline pathological PWV, who are mainly in the group of middle-aged patients. Further studies are needed to determine whether these patients would benefit from statin therapy in preventing cardiovascular events.

### Instruction: Does human upper airway epithelium produce nitric oxide in response to Staphylococcus epidermidis? ### Response:

This study identifies an NO-mediated innate defense response in sinonasal epithelium elicited by S epidermidis product(s). The active bacterial product is likely a small, nonpeptide molecule that stimulates a pathway independent of bitter taste receptors. Although the NO response to S epidermidis is less vigorous compared with S aureus, the product(s) share similar characteristics. Together, the responses to staphylococci species may help explain the pathophysiology of upper respiratory infections.

### Instruction: Do performance of genomic prediction within and across generations in maritime pine? ### Response:

This study suggests that the training of prediction models on parental populations can predict the genetic merit of the progeny with high accuracy: an encouraging result for the implementation of GS in the maritime pine breeding program.

### Instruction: Do evolution of clinical features in possible DLB depending on FP-CIT SPECT result? ### Response:

In patients with possible DLB, apart from UPDRS score, there was no difference in the evolution of DLB clinical features over 6 months between cases with normal and abnormal imaging. Only parkinsonism and dopamine transporter imaging helped to differentiate DLB from non-DLB dementia.

### Instruction: Is obstructive sleep apnea associated with an increased risk of colorectal neoplasia? ### Response:

Physicians should be aware of the association between OSA and the development of colorectal neoplasia and explain the need for colonoscopy to patients with OSA.

### Instruction: Does non-adherence to the rule of 3 increase the risk of adverse events in esophageal dilation? ### Response:

Non-adherence to the rule of 3 does not appear to increase the risk of AEs, particularly perforation, after esophageal dilation using bougie dilators. Caution is needed with the dilation of malignant strictures, as there is an increased risk of perforations and AEs. However, large prospective studies are needed to verify the results of this study.

### Instruction: Do manual Lymphatic Drainage and Active Exercise Effects on Lymphatic Function Translate Into Morbidities in Women Who Underwent Breast Cancer Surgery? ### Response:

MLD and active exercise effects are equivalent with regard to morbidity. Minor changes in lymphatic function associated with either MLD or active exercises were not related to patients' symptoms or signs.

### Instruction: Does iHC4 score plus clinical treatment score predict locoregional recurrence in early breast cancer? ### Response:

This is the first study of its kind. The IHC4 score + CTS can be used to identify low risk women who can potentially avoid adjuvant radiotherapy.

### Instruction: Does echocardiography predict mortality in hemodynamically stable elderly patients with acute pulmonary embolism? ### Response:

The prevalence of echocardiographic RV dysfunction varied widely depending upon the definition used. There was no association between RV dysfunction and clinical outcomes. Thus, TTE may not be suitable as a stand-alone risk assessment tool in elderly patients with acute PE.

### Instruction: Is short sleep duration associated with increased risk of pre-hypertension and hypertension in Chinese early middle-aged females? ### Response:

Sleeping less than 6 h a day is associated with increased risk of pre-hypertension and hypertension in Chinese early middle-aged females. The high-risk populations require sufficient sleep, which could probably prevent the increased risk of pre-hypertension as well as hypertension.

### Instruction: Does transcriptome Analysis reveal Regulation of Gene Expression for Lipid Catabolism in Young Broilers by Butyrate Glycerides? ### Response:

Our results demonstrate that BG reduces body fat deposition via regulation of gene expression, which is involved in the biological events relating to the reduction of synthesis, storage, transportation and secretion, and improvement of oxidation of lipids and fatty acids.

### Instruction: Is metabolic syndrome associated with increased risk of Barrett esophagus : A meta-analysis? ### Response:

Based on the results of current meta-analysis, MS is associated with increased risk of BE. Further long-term follow-up prospective study needs to verify the current results, and definite pathophysiological mechanism needs to be further investigated and clearly elucidated.

### Instruction: Are sarcopenic obesity and myosteatosis associated with higher mortality in patients with cirrhosis? ### Response:

Sarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity and myosteatosis are often present in patients with cirrhosis, and sarcopenia and myosteatosis are independently associated with a higher long-term mortality in cirrhosis.

### Instruction: Is quality of life in stabilized patients with schizophrenia mainly associated with resilience and self-esteem? ### Response:

Our results highlight the complex nature of QoL in patients suffering from schizophrenia. They underscore that significant efforts are necessary to enhance resilience and self-esteem and to diminish hopelessness as well as affective and positive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia.

### Instruction: Are gene family expansions and contractions associated with host range in plant pathogens of the genus Colletotrichum? ### Response:

This study illustrates the plasticity of Colletotrichum genomes, and shows that major changes in host range are associated with relatively recent changes in gene content.