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### Instruction: Are multiple genetic alterations in papillary thyroid cancer associated with younger age at presentation? ### Response:

Multiple genetic alterations are more common in younger patients with papillary thyroid cancer, but there is no difference in the type or number of genetic alterations by gender. Our findings suggest that multiple genetic alterations in thyroid cancer may be associated with earlier disease initiation and or progression.

### Instruction: Do chronically inflamed livers up-regulate expression of inhibitory B7 family members? ### Response:

These results demonstrate that expression of PD-1/PD-1 ligands links more directly with the degree of inflammation than with the underlying etiology of liver damage. The PD-1 pathway may assist the liver in protecting itself from immune-mediated destruction.

### Instruction: Does postoperative intra-abdominal infection increase angiogenesis and tumor recurrence after surgical excision of colon cancer in mice? ### Response:

We concluded that postoperative intra-abdominal infection increases angiogenesis and tumor recurrence after operative excision of a colon cancer in mice.

### Instruction: Is metabolic control in type 2 diabetes associated with sulfonylurea receptor-1 ( SUR-1 ) but not with KCNJ11 polymorphisms? ### Response:

SUR-1 exon 16 and exon 31 polymorphisms are significantly associated with HbA1c concentration.

### Instruction: Are rAGE gene polymorphisms associated with circulating levels of endogenous secretory RAGE but not with coronary artery disease in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus? ### Response:

G82S and -429 T/C polymorphisms of RAGE were associated with the circulating levels of esRAGE but not with CAD in Chinese patients with T2DM.

### Instruction: Does cathepsin D activity protect against development of type AA amyloid fibrils? ### Response:

These data provide evidence that cathepsin D but not cathepsin B or cathepsin K is physiologically important in SAA degradation and hence in preventing SAA from accumulating and serving as precursor of AA amyloid fibrils.

### Instruction: Is presence of minute cancer cell dissemination in peritoneal lavage fluid detected by reverse transcription PCR an independent prognostic factor in patients with resectable pancreatic cancer? ### Response:

The RT-PCR-based cancer cell detection was an independent prognostic factor in patients with resectable adenocarcinoma of the pancreas and had close association with local or peritoneal recurrence.

### Instruction: Is pancreatic-pleural fistula best managed by early operative intervention? ### Response:

Analysis from this series indicates that a majority of patients recover from pancreatic-pleural fistula without sequelae (81%). Attempts at prolonged periods of medical therapy tend to delay the resolution of the fistula compared with patients who undergo definitive operative intervention early in the course of treatment.

### Instruction: Is subcutaneous rather than visceral adipose tissue associated with adiponectin levels and insulin resistance in young men? ### Response:

SAT rather than VAT was inversely associated with adiponectin levels, and, interestingly, fat on the lower extremities was positively associated with adiponectin. Focusing on insulin resistance, SAT rather than VAT and TFA independently predicted a higher HOMA-IR. The observation that adiponectin was independently associated with lower HOMA-IR must be repeated in other populations.

### Instruction: Is routine developmental screening at 5.5 and 7 years of age an efficient predictor of attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder at age 10? ### Response:

This study demonstrates that developmental screening for DAMP/ADHD at 5.5 and 7 years of age does not identify children who are diagnosed with ADHD in grade 4 with a high degree of selectivity.

### Instruction: Does frequency and correlate of inappropriate pediatric psychiatric emergency room visits? ### Response:

Over one third of PPERS visits were inappropriate, characterized by better functioning, low harm potential or severity of presenting complaint, and absent suicidality or psychosis. Development of and improved access to urgent child and adolescent psychiatric outpatient care services in the community and referral agent educational programs may minimize inappropriate PPERS visits.

### Instruction: Are polymorphisms of the beta1-adrenergic receptor gene associated with essential hypertension in Chinese? ### Response:

The polymorphisms of the ADRB1 gene were associated with essential hypertension. The Arg389Gly polymorphism of the ADRB1 gene confers higher risk for hypertension.

### Instruction: Are novel rare alleles of ABCA1 exclusively associated with extreme high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels among the Han Chinese? ### Response:

Our results show that some rare alleles of ABCA1 are associated with marked phenotypes, supporting the "rare-variant common-disease" hypothesis. Certain alleles also provide tools for identifying individuals at high risk of dyslipidaemia, allowing for early therapeutic intervention.

### Instruction: Do 5-HTTLPR moderates the effect of relational peer victimization on depressive symptoms in adolescent girls? ### Response:

The findings support the diathesis-stress model of depression: having two 5-HTTLPR short alleles confers vulnerability to depressive symptoms in adolescent girls when they experience relational peer victimization. These findings also suggest that relational peer victimization, at least for girls with genetic vulnerability, is a significant source of stress and should be recognized in the monitoring and prevention of bullying.

### Instruction: Does vasopressin attenuate TNF-mediated inflammation in the rat cremaster microcirculation? ### Response:

(1) AVP can attenuate TNF-evoked leukocyte infiltration, activation or permeability changes in the skeletal muscle microcirculation. (2) The mechanism is probably receptor mediated and does not entirely depend on sheer stress in venules or Starling forces in capillaries. (3) The magnitude of this anti-inflammatory effect is influenced by several conditions, including volume status, the colloid or crystalloid suffusion fluid, and is possibly specific to the antigenic stimulus (TNF vs. histamine).

### Instruction: Is depression the strongest independent risk factor for poor social engagement among Chinese elderly veteran assisted-living residents? ### Response:

Poor social engagement is common among Chinese assisted-living veteran home residents. Depression is the greatest risk factor of poor social engagement in this population.

### Instruction: Do mTHFR and TYMS genotypes influence TPMT activity and its differential modulation in males and females? ### Response:

Males have higher TPMT activity than females and the trend of influence of MTHFR genotype on TPMT activity is different in the two gender groups.

### Instruction: Does tbx1 regulate proliferation and differentiation of multipotent heart progenitors? ### Response:

The Tbx1 protein marks CPCs, supports their proliferation, and inhibits their differentiation. We propose that Tbx1 is a key regulator of CPC homeostasis as it modulates positively their proliferation and negatively their differentiation.

### Instruction: Does shear stress inhibit homocysteine-induced stromal cell-derived factor-1 expression in endothelial cells? ### Response:

Our findings serve to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the homocysteine induction of SDF-1 expression in ECs and the shear stress protection against this induction.

### Instruction: Do spontaneous calcium oscillations regulate human cardiac progenitor cell growth? ### Response:

IP3R-mediated Ca2+ mobilization control hCPC growth and their regenerative potential.

### Instruction: Do somatostatin receptor subtypes 2 and 5 mediate inhibition of egg yolk-induced gall bladder emptying in mice? ### Response:

Our study provides evidence for the role of SSTR2 and SSTR5 in regulating gall bladder emptying in mice.

### Instruction: Are functional variants of the serotonin receptor type 3A and B gene associated with eating disorders? ### Response:

Our study provides first evidence for an involvement of 5-HT3 variants in the aetiopathology of eating disorders in humans.

### Instruction: Is 779 TC of CCK-1 intron 1 associated with postprandial syndrome ( PDS ) in Japanese male subjects? ### Response:

Our data suggest that the 779 T carriers of CCK-1 intron 1 is associated with an increased risk of PDS in Japanese male subjects.

### Instruction: Is low serum level of the endogenous secretory receptor for advanced glycation end products ( esRAGE ) a risk factor for prevalent vertebral fractures independent of bone mineral density in patients with type 2 diabetes? ### Response:

These results show that serum esRAGE level and esRAGE-to-pentosidine ratio are more useful than BMD for assessing the risk of VFs in type 2 diabetic patients.

### Instruction: Does continuing education need assessment of pharmacists in the United Arab Emirates? ### Response:

Interactive workshops were recognized as the most favorable format for CE in this study, computer and internet-based formats were also ranked highly by participants followed by live-in person and printed material-based programs. Topics covering innovations in pharmacy practice and disease management were at the top of priorities for pharmacists who would also like to see more certificate programs be offered to them.

### Instruction: Do clinical and histologic changes determine optimal treatment regimens for microdermabrasion? ### Response:

Clinical and histological changes are most likely secondary to a mechanism resembling a reparative process. The persistent changes after a period of no-treatment suggests that some of the changes could be permanent. Clinicians can use this data to better determine the optimal interval frequency and treatment intervals with microdermabrasion.

### Instruction: Does tumor necrosis factor-alpha potentiate RhoA-mediated monocyte transmigratory activity in vivo at a picomolar level? ### Response:

Picomolar concentrations of TNF-alpha in the bloodstream may prime the RhoA-dependent activities of circulating monocytes to enhance recruitment to active inflammatory foci.

### Instruction: Is blood pressure response to moderate physical activity increased in obesity? ### Response:

Healthy obese subjects show an enhanced prohypertensive response of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure to moderate-intensity physical activity.

### Instruction: Are genetic polymorphisms in genes encoding antioxidant enzymes associated with diabetic retinopathy in type 1 diabetes? ### Response:

Selected polymorphisms in genes encoding MnSOD and GSTM1 could be added to a panel of genetic markers for identification of individuals with type 1 diabetes at an increased risk for developing diabetic retinopathy.

### Instruction: Does cigarette smoke extract enhance rhinovirus-induced toll-like receptor 3 expression and interleukin-8 secretion in A549 cells? ### Response:

Our results suggest that cigarette smoke may potentiate viral common cold symptoms by enhancing IL-8 secretion at lower concentrations, but not by increasing viral replication.

### Instruction: Do serum prohepcidin levels correlate with hepatic iron stores in chronic hepatitis C patients? ### Response:

The expression of serum prohepcidin is independent of the degree of hepatic inflammation as measured by the histological activity or aminotransferase level. The serum prohepcidin levels are associated with hepatic iron stains and significantly higher in CHC patients than in healthy controls. Our results suggest that CHC may induce the expression of hepcidin possibly by increased hepatic iron stores.

### Instruction: Are abnormal vital signs associated with an increased risk for critical events in US veteran inpatients? ### Response:

Even single recordings of VS(MET) signaled increased risk for critical events in hospital ward patients. Use of vital signs as criteria for additional patient assessment and possible ICU admission appears justified. Development of abnormal vitals during hospitalization may signify impaired physiologic reserve that places a patient at higher risk for mortality after discharge.

### Instruction: Is early use of probiotics important therapy in infants with severe congenital anomaly? ### Response:

Probiotic therapy was effective in inducing probiotic dominant intestinal microbiota and normal intestinal microbiota in infants with severe congenital anomalies. As a result their intestinal absorptive functions were activated and severe infections were completely prevented. All of the infants grew well despite their physical disadvantages.

### Instruction: Is the vertebral artery unlikely to be the sole source of vascular complications occurring during stellate ganglion block? ### Response:

Arterial vessels other than the vertebral artery that also supply the anterior spinal cord and brain stem pass directly anterior to the transverse processes at the most common sites of the SGB. It is anatomically possible, therefore, that accidental injection or induced spasm of these vessels and not the vertebral arteries is responsible for some cases of seizure, hematoma, or other vascular complications during SGB.

### Instruction: Does interlimb coordination differentiate Brazilian children from two socioeconomic settings? ### Response:

Among the recommendations given, it is suggested that motor skill activities, especially those involving interlimb coordination, be included with any type of motor programming for young children.

### Instruction: Is diurnal temperature range a risk factor for coronary heart disease death? ### Response:

Our findings suggest that DTR is an independent risk factor for acute CHD death.

### Instruction: Does monodispersity of recombinant Cre recombinase correlate with its effectiveness in vivo? ### Response:

A rational purification protocol for TAT-Cre has been developed by choosing the options that minimize the enzyme aggregation. Our data suggest that AI measurement should support the optimization of any protocol aiming at the recovery of monodispersed protein.

### Instruction: Does chest compression fraction determine survival in patients with out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation? ### Response:

An increased chest compression fraction is independently predictive of better survival in patients who experience a prehospital ventricular fibrillation/tachycardia cardiac arrest.

### Instruction: Are adult type 3 adenylyl cyclase-deficient mice obese? ### Response:

We conclude that mice lacking AC3 exhibit obesity that is apparently caused by low locomotor activity, hyperphagia, and leptin insensitivity. The presence of AC3 in primary cilia of neurons of the hypothalamus suggests that cAMP signals generated by AC3 in the hypothalamus may play a critical role in regulation of body weight.

### Instruction: Does origination angle of renal artery have no role in renal artery pattern? ### Response:

The origination angle of the RA from aorta has no role in the early branching or accessory RA development. There was a direct correlation between the RA diameter and the RA origination angle.

### Instruction: Are although women less likely to be admitted to coronary care units , they are treated equally to men and have better outcome . A prospective cohort study in patients with non ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes? ### Response:

In this study on patients with NSTE-ACS, women were less likely to be admitted to coronary care units. However, the overall treatment was as intensive for women as for men. Moreover, after adjustment, one-year mortality was lower in women.

### Instruction: Are apelin levels increased in morbidly obese subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus? ### Response:

This study demonstrates that obesity is not the main determinant of the rise in apelin levels. The association between apelin levels and glucose concentrations and insulin sensitivity provides evidence that apelin may play a role in the pathogenesis of diabetes.

### Instruction: Are chemical composition of gases surgeons exposed to during endoscopic urological resections? ### Response:

From this preliminary study, we advocate the use of smoke evacuator systems for all urologists regularly performing these procedures, and suggest that further research is required to investigate potential long-term complications to the urologist.

### Instruction: Is pathological upstaging during radical cystectomy associated with worse recurrence-free survival in patients with bacillus Calmette-Guerin-refractory bladder cancer? ### Response:

Upstaging to pT2 among patients with HGT1 or CIS is associated with worse RFS compared with patients with known muscle invasion before RC (HGT1/CIS = pT2 vs cT2 = pT2). This finding was most significant among patients with a history of bacillus Calmette-Guerin treatment. Factors such as understaging of disease or treatment delay may contribute to worse outcomes among this subset of patients and should be considered when discussing treatment options.

### Instruction: Do retinoic acid receptor antagonists inhibit miR-10a expression and block metastatic behavior of pancreatic cancer? ### Response:

These findings suggest that miR-10a is a key mediator of metastatic behavior in pancreatic cancer, which regulates metastasis via suppression of HOXB1 and HOXB3. Inhibition of miR-10a expression (with retinoic acid receptor antagonists) or function (with specific inhibitors) is a promising starting point for antimetastatic therapies.

### Instruction: Does lightweight mesh improve functional outcome in laparoscopic totally extra-peritoneal inguinal hernia repair? ### Response:

Laparoscopic TEP inguinal hernia repair with a lightweight mesh improves functional outcome in the short and long term. There was significantly less interference with all aspects of physical activity with the lightweight mesh. Pain in both groups was very mild, highlighting the benefits of laparoscopic surgery.

### Instruction: Is sIRT1 genetic variation related to BMI and risk of obesity? ### Response:

Two common variants in SIRT1 are associated with lower BMI in two independent Dutch populations. Carriers of these variants have 13-18% decreased risk of obesity and gain less weight over time. The availability of SIRT1 stimulators makes these findings relevant in light of the growing obesity epidemic.

### Instruction: Does pathology analysis reveal that dysplastic pancreatic ductal lesions are frequent in patients with hereditary pancreatitis? ### Response:

PanIN lesions are frequent, severe, and occur early in the course of HP. Among patients with PanINs, 50% had PanIN-3 lesions. Pancreatectomy could be considered as a prophylactic against pancreatic cancer in patients with high-grade dysplasia.

### Instruction: Does charlson Comorbidity Index predict long-term mortality in elderly subjects with chronic heart failure? ### Response:

CCI does not predict long-term mortality in elderly subjects with CHF.

### Instruction: Does down-regulation of c-Met expression inhibit human HCC cells growth and invasion by RNA interference? ### Response:

These results indicate that the over-expression of c-met protein plays an important role in the cell invasion of MHCC97-H, and HBX protein may promote the expression of c-met by ERKs pathway.

### Instruction: Is the GJA8 allele encoding CX50I247M a rare polymorphism , not a cataract-causing mutation? ### Response:

Although the CX50I247M substitution has previously been suggested to cause cataracts, our genetic, cellular, and electrophysiological data suggest that this allele more likely represents a rare silent, polymorphic variant.

### Instruction: Does myopia affect retinal nerve fiber layer measurements as determined by optical coherence tomography? ### Response:

Moderately myopic subjects tend to have thin peripapillary RNFL, mainly at the superior and inferior poles, as measured by Stratus OCT. This phenomenon should be considered when interpreting a glaucoma suspect's Stratus OCT measurements compared with the normative database.

### Instruction: Are total and high molecular weight adiponectin elevated in patients with Laron syndrome despite marked obesity? ### Response:

Adiponectin hypersecretion in LS, despite profound obesity, suggests that GH activity may negatively impact adiponectin secretion from adipocytes.

### Instruction: Does propofol have anti-inflammatory effects on alveolar type II epithelial cells? ### Response:

These results suggest that propofol, at clinically relevant concentrations, can reduce inflammatory responses in LPS-induced ATII cells injury through downregulation of CD14 and TLR4 expression.

### Instruction: Is suppression of ongoing experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis by transfer of RelB-silenced bone marrow dentritic cells associated with a change from a T helper Th17/Th1 to a Th2 and FoxP3+ regulatory T-cell profile? ### Response:

RelB-silenced DCs were able to create a particular cytokine environment that was absent of inflammatory cytokines. RelB-silenced DCs provide a practical means to normalize the differentiation of the four T-cell subsets (Th17, Th1, Th2, and Treg) in vivo, and thus possess therapeutic potential in Th1/Th17-dominant autoimmune disorders such as myasthenia gravis.

### Instruction: Do endogenous IGF-I and alphaVbeta3 integrin ligands regulate increased smooth muscle hyperplasia in stricturing Crohn 's disease? ### Response:

Smooth muscle cell hyperplasia in stricturing CD is regulated by increased endogenous IGF-I and alphaVbeta3 integrin ligands that regulate augmented proliferation and diminished apoptosis.

### Instruction: Does [ Studies on the chemical constituents of the stem of Piper betle ]? ### Response:

Among these compounds, 1, 3 -9 are isolated from this plant for the first time.

### Instruction: Does the Sam domain of the lipid phosphatase Ship2 adopt a common model to interact with Arap3-Sam and EphA2-Sam? ### Response:

Our studies further clarify the structural features that are relevant for Sam-Sam interactions involving Ship2 and give additional hints that could be used for the identification of new molecules able to selectively inhibit Sam-Sam associations.

### Instruction: Does overexpression of leptin receptor predict an unfavorable outcome in Middle Eastern ovarian cancer? ### Response:

Our findings have potential clinical implication for EOC development and progression.

### Instruction: Are [ Inflammatory fibroid polyps true neoplasms with PDGFRA mutations ]? ### Response:

The majority of IFP reveal activating PDGFRA mutations. Our data indicate that IFP are true neoplasms (true benign tumors) and not reactive lesions. In terms of pathogenesis, the relationship between PDGFRA-mutant GISTs and IFP remains to be determined.

### Instruction: Does inactivation of aPKClambda reveal a context dependent allocation of cell lineages in preimplantation mouse embryos? ### Response:

Our data show that aPKClambda is dispensable for the establishment of polarity at the 8-cell stage but is essential for the stabilization of cell polarity at the 16-cell stage and for cell positioning. Moreover, this study reveals that in addition to positional information and asymmetric cell divisions, cell shape plays an important role for the control of lineage divergence during mouse preimplantation development. Cell shape is able to influence both the type of division (symmetric or asymmetric) and the position of the blastomeres within the embryo.

### Instruction: Is restriction of HIV-1 replication in monocytes abolished by Vpx of SIVsmmPBj? ### Response:

Vpx enhances transduction of primary human and even non-human monocytes with HIV-1-derived vectors, only if delivered in the background of SIVsmmPBj-derived virus-like particles. Thus, for accurate Vpx function the presence of SIVsmmPBj capsid proteins might be required. Vpx is essential to overcome a block of early infection steps in primary monocytes.

### Instruction: Does peer estimation of lack of professionalism correlate with low Conscientiousness Index scores? ### Response:

These results support the use of the CI as a scalar, objective potential measure of professionalism, although the observations require repetition elsewhere and over an extended period of time in order to determine the predictive value of this approach.

### Instruction: Does the mammalian circadian clock exhibit acute tolerance to ethanol? ### Response:

Both the inhibiting and enhancing effects of ethanol on in vitro SCN clock phase resetting show acute tolerance. Additional experiments are needed to determine whether more slowly developing forms of tolerance also occur with respect to the SCN circadian clock.

### Instruction: Does inappropriate cardioverter-defibrillator discharge continue to be a major problem in clinical practice? ### Response:

Despite of introduction of new generations of ICDs, the problem of inappropriate ICD discharge could not be eliminated. The major problem is distinction between supraventricular arrhythmia and ventricular tachyarrhythmia.

### Instruction: Is shear stress associated with markers of plaque vulnerability and MMP-9 activity? ### Response:

Upstream location of macrophages in plaques is associated with high shear stress and MMP-9 accumulation. These findings are discussed in relation to rheological theories reported previously in atherosclerosis.

### Instruction: Do young and older adults use different strategies to perform a standing turning task? ### Response:

Older adults show changes in segmental spinal range of motion associated with postural instability while turning in place. Foot movements play an essential role in compensating for these changes and maintaining postural stability.

### Instruction: Do breast cancer patients have progressively impaired sleep-wake activity rhythms during chemotherapy? ### Response:

These data suggest that the first administration of chemotherapy is associated with transient disruption of sleep-wake rhythm, while repeated administration of chemotherapy results in progressively worse and more enduring impairments in sleep-wake activity rhythms.

### Instruction: Does deletion of mu-opioid receptor in mice affect the minimum alveolar concentration of volatile anaesthetics and nitrous oxide-induced analgesia? ### Response:

These results suggest that MOP is not required for the anaesthetic action of volatile anaesthetics and the analgesic effect of N2O. Opioid receptors other than MOP may mediate the analgesic action of N2O.

### Instruction: Is perioperative indocyanine green clearance predictive for prolonged intensive care unit stay after coronary artery bypass grafting -- an observational study? ### Response:

Our study provides evidence that impaired PDR ICG as a marker of hepatic dysfunction and hypoperfusion may be a valid marker of prolonged ICU treatment. Additionally this study provides evidence that haemodilutional anaemia to a Hct of 20% does not impair hepatic function and perfusion.

### Instruction: Do subjective stimulant and sedative effects of alcohol during early drinking experiences predict alcohol involvement in treated adolescents? ### Response:

Study findings suggest potentially important roles for both early subjective stimulant and sedative effects of alcohol in relation to adolescent alcohol involvement.

### Instruction: Are exon deletions and intragenic insertions rare in ataxia with oculomotor apraxia 2? ### Response:

Our findings indicate that gross mutations seem to be a frequent cause of AOA2 and reveal the importance of additional copy number analysis for routine diagnostics.

### Instruction: Does malT knockout mutation invoke a stringent type gene-expression profile in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in bronchoalveolar fluid? ### Response:

These results suggest that MalT may be involved in protection against some stressors and in the transport of one or more essential nutrients in BALF. Moreover, if MalT is directly or indirectly linked to the stringent response, an important global mechanism of bacterial persistence and virulence in many bacterial pathogens, it might play a role in A. pleuropneumoniae pathogenesis.