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### Instruction: Does global cortical thinning in acute anorexia nervosa normalize following long-term weight restoration? ### Response:

Structural brain anomalies in AN as expressed in CT and subcortical volume are primarily the consequence of malnutrition and unlikely to reflect premorbid trait markers or permanent scars, but longitudinal data are needed.

### Instruction: Are symptoms in severe aortic stenosis associated with decreased compensatory circumferential myocardial mechanics? ### Response:

Longitudinal strain was uniformly low in patients with severe AS and lower in those with symptoms. Compensatory circumferential myocardial mechanics (increased apical circumferential strain and rotation) were absent in symptomatic patients. Thus, myocardial mechanics may help in the follow-up of patients with severe AS and timing of valve surgery.

### Instruction: Does negative affectivity predict decreased pain tolerance during low-grade inflammation in healthy women? ### Response:

NA moderated the effects of inflammation on pain tolerance. This finding is consistent with a synergistic model whereby inflammation may lower the threshold for pain reporting in individuals with increased vulnerability for somatic symptom reporting.

### Instruction: Does regulator of the mucoid phenotype A gene increase the virulent ability of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing serotype non-K1/K2 Klebsiella pneumonia? ### Response:

We conclude that the pathogenic potential is greater in rmpA(+) ESBL-KP strains than in rmpA(-) ESBL-KP and non-ESBL-KP strains.

### Instruction: Does chronic psychological stress in high-anxiety rats induce sustained bladder hyperalgesia? ### Response:

Chronic WAS induces sustained bladder hyperalgesia, lasting over a month after exposure to stress. The urinary frequency demonstrated previously in anxiety-prone rats exposed to chronic WAS seems to be associated with bladder hyperalgesia, suggesting that this is a potential model for future studies of bladder hypersensitivity syndromes such as interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS).

### Instruction: Does experimental sleep restriction cause endothelial dysfunction in healthy humans? ### Response:

In healthy individuals, moderate sleep restriction causes endothelial dysfunction.

### Instruction: Are chronic pancreatitis pain pattern and severity independent of abdominal imaging findings? ### Response:

Mechanisms that determine patterns and severity of pain in patients with chronic pancreatitis are largely independent of structural variants observed by abdominal imaging techniques. Pancreas-relevant quantitative and qualitative pain measures should be included in the evaluation of patients with chronic pancreatitis to assess pain severity independently of imaging findings.

### Instruction: Is postural change during venous blood collection a major source of bias in clinical chemistry testing? ### Response:

These results provide further support to the need of standardizing patient's posture during phlebotomy.

### Instruction: Are novel mutations in the displacement loop of mitochondrial DNA associated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia : a genetic sequencing study? ### Response:

Further investigation of the relationship between mutations in mitochondrial d-loop genes and incidence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia is recommended.

### Instruction: Does anthraquinonyl glycoside facilitate the standardization of graphene electrodes for the impedance detection of lectins? ### Response:

Anthraquinone-modified ligands could be used to facilitate the standardization of electrochemical impedance sensors for the reproducible, selective analysis of ligand-protein interactions.

### Instruction: Is perfusion CT a valuable diagnostic method for prostate cancer : a prospective study of 94 patients? ### Response:

CT quantitative perfusion imaging allows PCa to be distinguished from normal prostate tissue. The highest values for BF and BV were observed in the most aggressive PCa grade.

### Instruction: Does peritumoral interstitial fluid flow velocity predict survival in cervical carcinoma? ### Response:

This investigation demonstrates a strong, independent prognostic impact of the pretreatment peritumoral fluid flow velocity in cervical cancer.

### Instruction: Do workplace learning through peer groups in medical school clerkships? ### Response:

Students achieve many aspects of workplace learning in clerkships through formal or informal workplace-based peer groups. In these groups, peers provide accessible, real-time, and relevant resources to help each other navigate transitions, clarify roles and tasks, manage interpersonal challenges, and decrease isolation. Medical schools can support effective workplace learning for medical students by incorporating continuity with peers in the main clinical clerkship year.

### Instruction: Does [ Prevalence of anxiety disturb in patients with Tourette syndrome and tic disturb ]? ### Response:

Anxiety disorders seem to be linked with the variables of patients'age, duration of disease, gender, pharmacological treatment and presence of comorbidity for obsessive-compulsion disorder (OCD).

### Instruction: Do native and denatured egg white protein IgE tests discriminate hen 's egg allergic from egg-tolerant children? ### Response:

The diagnosis of egg allergy can be significantly improved using a panel of IgE tests to egg proteins in the native or denatured form. The accuracy can be improved using combined IgE testing.

### Instruction: Is delay of airway epithelial wound repair in COPD associated with airflow obstruction severity? ### Response:

Our results showed an abnormal bronchial epithelial wound closure process in severe COPD. Further studies are needed to elucidate the contribution and the regulation of this mechanism in the complex pathophysiology of COPD.

### Instruction: Do aversive stimuli drive drug seeking in a state of low dopamine tone? ### Response:

These data demonstrate that stress-induced drug seeking can occur in a terminal environment of low dopamine tone that is dependent on a CRF-induced decrease in midbrain dopamine activity.

### Instruction: Do zero adjusted models with applications to analysing helminths count data? ### Response:

This paper showed that zero modified NBLH and ZINB models are more appropriate methods for the analysis of data with excess zeros. The choice between the hurdle and zero-inflated models should be based on the aim and endpoints of the study.

### Instruction: Does an aboveground pathogen inhibit belowground rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in Phaseolus vulgaris? ### Response:

We demonstrate that aboveground fungal pathogens can affect belowground mutualism with two very different types of microbial symbionts-rhizobia and AMF. Our results suggest that systemically induced PPO activity is functionally involved in this above-belowground interaction. We predict that the top-down effects we show here can drastically impact plant performance in soils with limited nutrients and water; abiotic stress conditions usually mitigated by microbial belowground mutualists.

### Instruction: Does gender influence headache characteristics with increasing age in migraine patients? ### Response:

Gender has an influence on the characteristics of the headache as well as on the associated symptoms in migraine patients, and this impact varies across the age groups, particularly in women.

### Instruction: Are stress and inflammatory biomarkers and symptoms associated with bioimpedance measures? ### Response:

MUS is an index of chronic stress and inflammation and BIA-ACC may provide a useful, bloodless and rapid tool in the clinical setting, distinguishing patients with chronic stress/inflammation from healthy subjects and monitoring their response to treatment.

### Instruction: Does piericidin A aggravate Tau pathology in P301S transgenic mice? ### Response:

This study shows that exposure to piericidin A aggravates the course of genetically determined tau pathology, providing experimental support for the concept of gene-environment interaction in the etiology of tauopathies.

### Instruction: Are cognitive-behavioral phenotypes of Williams syndrome associated with genetic variation in the GTF2I gene , in a healthy population? ### Response:

These findings implicate the GTF2I gene in the neurogenetic basis of social communication and social anxiety, both in Williams syndrome and among individuals in healthy populations.

### Instruction: Are long-term changes in body weight associated with changes in blood pressure levels? ### Response:

Absolute and relative changes in body weight are positively associated with changes in blood pressure levels and also affect the risk of cardiovascular events.

### Instruction: Does vascular reconstruction play an important role in the treatment of pancreatic adenocarcinoma? ### Response:

An aggressive approach for stage II pancreatic cancers with venous or arterial invasion can be performed with comparable results when it is executed by an experienced institution with skilled oncologic and vascular surgeons.

### Instruction: Is matrix metalloproteinase 10 associated with disease severity and mortality in patients with peripheral arterial disease? ### Response:

Our results suggest that MMP-10 is associated with severity and poor outcome in PAD.

### Instruction: Does selective renal blood perfusion induce renal tubules injury in a porcine model? ### Response:

SRP with a roller pump induces kidney tubule injury. Thus, distal aortic and SRP in our model does not provide adequate kidney protection. Furthermore, the perfusion system provokes red blood cell damage with increased free hemoglobin. Hence, the SRP perfusion technique should be revised and tested.

### Instruction: Does inhibition of urothelial P2X3 receptors prevent desensitization of purinergic detrusor contractions in the rat bladder? ### Response:

In the rat bladder, medial and basal urothelial cells express P2X3R, and specific inhibition of the receptor leads to a more hyporeflexive bladder condition. This pathway may involve P2X3R driving a paracrine amplification of ATP released from umbrella cells to increase afferent transmission in the sub-urothelial sensory plexus and desensitization of P2X1-mediated purinergic detrusor contractions.

### Instruction: Does high lifetime inbreeding depression counteract the reproductive assurance benefit of selfing in a mass-flowering shrub? ### Response:

Lifetime inbreeding depression strongly counteracts the advantage of reproductive assurance due to selfing in this long-lived species. The poor fitness of selfed offspring should counteract any evolution towards selfing, despite its potential to alleviate the negative consequences of pollen limitation. This study highlights the need to estimate lifetime inbreeding depression, together with mating system and pollination parameters, if we are to understand the actual benefit of selfing and avoid the overestimation of reproductive assurance.

### Instruction: Are genes associated with antibody-dependent cell activation overexpressed in renal biopsies from patients with antibody-mediated rejection? ### Response:

ADCC pathways are active in transplant patients with ABMR, and likely mediate allograft injury, providing a potential mechanism for C4d negative ABMR.

### Instruction: Does measurement of refractive index by nanoparticle tracking analysis reveal heterogeneity in extracellular vesicles? ### Response:

Using NTA and Mie scattering theory, we have demonstrated that it is possible to estimate the RI of sub-micron EV using NTA data. EV typically had a modal RI of 1.37-1.39, whereas values of >1.40 were observed for some large (>200 nm) microvesicles.

### Instruction: Do nomograms incorporating serum C-reactive protein effectively predict mortality before and after surgical treatment of renal cell carcinoma? ### Response:

We have generated nomograms incorporating serum C-reactive protein levels that effectively predict overall mortality and renal cell carcinoma specific mortality. Our findings warrant external validation.

### Instruction: Do endogenous female sex hormones delay the development of renal dysfunction in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice? ### Response:

Taken together these data indicate that female sex hormones may delay hypercholesterolemia-induced renal dysfunction and emphasizes the importance of plasma cholesterol control in post-menopausal women.

### Instruction: Is fractionation of electrograms caused by colocalized conduction block and connexin disorganization in the absence of fibrosis as AF becomes persistent in the goat model? ### Response:

Electrogram fractionation with increasing persistence of AF results from slow localized conduction or block associated with changes in atrial connexin distribution in the absence of fibrotic change.

### Instruction: Does severe nutritional risk predict decreased long-term survival in geriatric patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy for benign disease? ### Response:

Severe nutritional risk can be a useful predictor of long-term survival in geriatric patients undergoing PD, and could improve patient risk stratification preoperatively. Nonoperative management should be strongly considered in geriatric patients with SNR, when malignancy is not suspected.

### Instruction: Does peripherally administered oxytocin modulate latent inhibition in a manner consistent with antipsychotic drugs? ### Response:

The facilitation of LI by OT is consistent with the effects produced by APDs and provides further support for the notion that OT has therapeutic potential for schizophrenia.

### Instruction: Does generalizability of trial result to elderly Medicare patients with advanced solid tumors ( Alliance 70802 )? ### Response:

Results of clinical trials for advanced pancreatic cancer and lung cancers tended to correctly estimate survival for Medicare patients aged 65 to 74 years, but to overestimate survival for older Medicare patients by six to eight weeks. These estimates of Medicare patients' survival may aid subsequent patients and their oncologists in treatment decision-making.

### Instruction: Do a phase II study of sulforaphane-rich broccoli sprout extracts in men with recurrent prostate cancer? ### Response:

Treatment with 200 μmoles/day of sulforaphane-rich extracts did not lead to ≥50% PSA declines in the majority of patients. However, because of the safety of treatment and the effects on PSADT modulation, further studies, including those with higher doses, may be warranted to clarify the role of sulforaphane as a prevention agent or treatment agent.

### Instruction: Does beta-blocker Treatment Worsen Critical Limb Ischemia in Patients Receiving Endovascular Therapy? ### Response:

The present results suggest that beta-blocker therapy does not worsen the clinical outcomes after EVT in CLI patients.

### Instruction: Does electric stimulation at 448 kHz promote proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells? ### Response:

These data identify cellular and molecular phenomena potentially underlying the response to CRET and indicate that CRET-induced lesion repair could be mediated by stimulation of the proliferation of stem cells present in the injured tissues.

### Instruction: Is pre-surgical cortical activation to food pictures associated with weight loss following bariatric surgery? ### Response:

We found that neural activity in previously established regions associated with cognitive and behavioral self-regulation predicts weight loss following bariatric surgery. These preliminary findings highlight the role of neural circuitry in the success and maintenance of weight loss and suggest a possible future use of fMRI in screening LAGB surgery candidates.

### Instruction: Are atherogenic index of plasma and atherogenic coefficient increased in major depression and bipolar disorder , especially when comorbid with tobacco use disorder? ### Response:

The findings suggest that lipid abnormalities leading to an increased atherogenic potential are involved in the pathophysiology of mood disorders (depression and bipolar disorder) and especially comorbid mood disorder and TUD. The comorbidity between mood disorders and CVD may be partly explained increased through AIP and AC indexes, impacting increments in atherogenic potential.

### Instruction: Do mid-regional proadrenomedullin levels predict recurrence of atrial fibrillation after catheter ablation? ### Response:

This is the first study revealing the association between MR-proADM elevation before ablation and poor outcomes after ablation of AF. Larger studies are needed to validate these results.

### Instruction: Does ellagic acid prevent monocrotaline-induced pulmonary artery hypertension via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation in rats? ### Response:

Ellagic acid ameliorates monocrotaline-induced pulmonary artery hypertension via exerting its anti-oxidative property inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome signal pathway in rats.

### Instruction: Is preeclampsia associated with lower production of vascular endothelial growth factor by peripheral blood mononuclear cells? ### Response:

VEGF production by PBMCs is inhibited during PE, creating a downregulation of the microenvironment; this deficiency may contribute to the pathogenesis of disease.

### Instruction: Do freezing of gait subtypes have different cognitive correlates in Parkinson 's disease? ### Response:

Aside from pharmacological differences, unresponsive FOG is associated with executive and visuospatial dysfunction implicating frontostriatal pathways while responsive FOG is associated with hallucinations suggesting involvement of posterior cortical regions. Further study and treatment of FOG should include appropriate subtype classification.

### Instruction: Does a tourniquet assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation augment myocardial perfusion in a porcine model of cardiac arrest? ### Response:

T-CPR improves myocardial and cerebral perfusion during CPR. It may provide a new and convenient method for augmenting myocardial and cerebral blood flow during CPR.

### Instruction: Does a common polymorphism in pre-miR-146a underlie Hirschsprung disease risk in Han Chinese? ### Response:

Our results showed that the polymorphism rs2910164 in pre-miR-146a might alter the production of mature miR-146a and then down-regulate the target gene ROBO1, which plays an important role in pathogenesis of HSCR.

### Instruction: Do increased litter size and suckling intensity inhibit KiSS-1 mRNA expression in rat arcuate nucleus? ### Response:

Increased litter size and suckling intensity decreased KiSS-1 mRNA expression in the ARC which may contribute to lactation anestrus in rat.

### Instruction: Do glaucoma and associated visual acuity and field loss significantly affect glaucoma-specific psychosocial functioning? ### Response:

Glaucoma negatively affects PF. Early stage glaucoma with mild VF loss adversely affects anxiety, self-image, and confidence in health care. As VA worsens in advanced glaucoma, anxiety further increases and self-image deteriorates. Ophthalmologists and glaucoma patients need to be aware that both VA and VF losses at different stages of glaucoma negatively impact PF.

### Instruction: Does unilateral Hypothalamus Inactivation prevent PTZ Kindling Development through Hippocampal Orexin Receptor 1 Modulation? ### Response:

It is concluded that LHA inactivation prevented kindling development probably through orexin receptor antagonism. CSF orexin probably acts as an inhibitory step on convulsive intensity through another unknown process.

### Instruction: Is termination of Nociceptive Bahaviour at the End of Phase 2 of Formalin Test Attributable to Endogenous Inhibitory Mechanisms , but not by Opioid Receptors Activation? ### Response:

The results of this study suggest the existence of an active inhibitory mechanism, other than the endogenous opioids, that is responsible for termination of nociceptive behaviour at the end of formalin test.

### Instruction: Do whole-brain quantitative mapping of metabolites using short echo three-dimensional proton MRSI? ### Response:

A double-angulation acquisition enables improved metabolic characterization over a wide volume of the brain.

### Instruction: Does vasopressin raise cardiac enzymes following cardiac surgery : a randomized double-blind clinical trial? ### Response:

Vasopressin infusion has been used to treat catecholamine-unresponsive shock. In this study, intraoperative vasopressin was used safely as a possible first-line drug for treating hypotension; however, it did not increase the levels of cardiac enzymes after cardiac surgery.

### Instruction: Does converging evidence implicate the abnormal microRNA system in schizophrenia? ### Response:

Collectively, results from all 3 lines of evidence, suggest that the genetically based dysregulation of miRNA systems undermines miRNAs' inhibitory effects, resulting in the abnormal upregulation of genome transcription in the development of SZ.

### Instruction: Do periodontal ligament mesenchymal stromal cells increase proliferation and glycosaminoglycans formation of temporomandibular joint derived fibrochondrocytes? ### Response:

Results from this study support the mechanism of MSC-chondrocyte interaction, in which MSCs act as secretor of soluble factors that stimulate proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition of chondrocytes.

### Instruction: Is digital rectal examination in primary care important for early detection of prostate cancer : a retrospective cohort analysis study? ### Response:

DRE is a key part of the assessment for prostate cancer. It can independently identify patients at risk of prostate cancer, with a substantial proportion of these having clinically significant disease requiring treatment. This study reinforces the importance of DRE in the primary care setting in the assessment for prostate cancer. An abnormal DRE, even in the setting of a normal PSA level, necessitates referral.

### Instruction: Does clinical trial demonstrate exercise following bariatric surgery improves insulin sensitivity? ### Response:

Moderate exercise following RYGB surgery provides additional improvements in S(I), S(G), and cardiorespiratory fitness compared with a sedentary lifestyle during similar weight loss.

### Instruction: Do differential behavior patterns in cynomolgus monkey Macaca fascicularis in home cage in response to human gaze? ### Response:

These results indicate that, even in their home cage, monkeys display a heightened level of awareness when gazed upon by a human observer, suggesting that human gaze may elicit emotional reactions. Further, under the human gaze, distinct behavioral subpatterns were apparent within the monkey cohort in our study, indicative of subgroups within the cohort.

### Instruction: Are genes related to emphysema enriched for ubiquitination pathways? ### Response:

This study implicates modified protein ubiquitination and degradation as a potentially important pathway in the pathogenesis of emphysema.

### Instruction: Does unravelling associations between unassigned mass spectrometry peak with frequent itemset mining techniques? ### Response:

This simple approach offers opportunities to monitor accumulating unexplained mass spectrometry data for emerging new patterns, with possible applications for the development of mass exclusion lists, for the refinement of quality control strategies and for a further interpretation of unexplained spectral peaks in mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry.

### Instruction: Does celecoxib induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition in epithelial ovarian cancer cells via regulating ZEB1 expression? ### Response:

Our results indicated that Celecoxib might induce EMT and increase cellular invasiveness in ovarian cancer cells in vitro, which also implied that it needed a comprehensive evaluation in preclinical researches before introducing Celecoxib into the clinical regimen.

### Instruction: Is dACT1 involved in human placenta development by promoting Wnt signaling? ### Response:

DACT1 might play an important role in human placenta development via promoting Wnt signaling.

### Instruction: Do ileal neuroendocrine tumors show elevated activation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex? ### Response:

mTOR is overexpressed in ileal NETs. Additionally, the loss of ATRX expression was registered, thus underlying a tumorigenic role in a subgroup of these tumors. To enable potential therapeutic application of mTOR inhibitors, further trials with larger study groups are needed.

### Instruction: Does core needle biopsy of breast cancer tumors increase distant metastases in a mouse model? ### Response:

CNB creates an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, increases EMT, and facilitates release of CTCs, all of which likely contribute to the observed increase in development of distant metastases.

### Instruction: Is hAP1 gene expression associated with radiosensitivity in breast cancer cells? ### Response:

The present study indicated that HAP1 gene expression was related to the radiosensitivity of breast cancer cells and may play an important role in the regulation of cellular radiosensitivity.

### Instruction: Does patient-conducted anodal transcranial direct current stimulation of the motor cortex alleviate pain in trigeminal neuralgia? ### Response:

Anodal tDCS over two weeks ameliorates intensity of pain in TN. It may become a valuable treatment option for patients unresponsive to conventional treatment.

### Instruction: Does targeting high mobility group box protein 1 ameliorate testicular inflammation in experimental autoimmune orchitis? ### Response:

HMGB1 appears to be involved in regulating inflammatory reactions in testes, as HMGB1 is translocated from testicular cells during the course of EAO and blocking its action by ethyl pyruvate (EP) reduces disease progression and spermatogenic damage.

### Instruction: Are reclassification rates higher among African American men than Caucasians on active surveillance? ### Response:

AA men with VLR prostate cancer followed on AS are at significantly higher risk of grade reclassification compared with Caucasians. Therefore, if the goal of AS is to selectively monitor men with low-grade disease, AA men may require alternate selection criteria.

### Instruction: Does pulmonary rehabilitation during induction chemoradiotherapy for lung cancer improve pulmonary function? ### Response:

A pulmonary rehabilitation program for patients with non-small cell lung cancer undergoing induction chemoradiotherapy seems to improve respiratory function. It is particularly recommended for smokers and patients with respiratory impairment.

### Instruction: Is chronic central serous chorioretinopathy associated with genetic variants implicated in age-related macular degeneration? ### Response:

Chronic CSC is associated with genetic variants in ARMS2 and CFH, indicating a genetic and pathophysiologic overlap between cCSC and AMD. Intriguingly, alleles in ARMS2 and CFH that confer risk of AMD may be protective for cCSC, and alleles in CFH that are protective for AMD confer risk for cCSC. Significant differences in allele frequencies were found among the phenotypic subgroups for several SNPs, illustrating the importance of correct clinical classification.

### Instruction: Do genetic variations of IL17F and IL23A show associations with Behçet 's disease and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome? ### Response:

High gene copy numbers of IL17F and IL23A were associated with BD and VKH syndrome. Enhanced IL17F protein production and PBMC proliferation were associated with high IL17F copy numbers.

### Instruction: Do [ Recovery of maxillary tooth sensibility after Le Fort I osteotomy ]? ### Response:

Among the teeth that were sensitive before surgery, 87.3 % had not regained sensitivity at D2. The recovery of sensitivity increased at D15. A great displacement of the maxillary bone was an aggravating factor for loss of tooth sensitivity.

### Instruction: Does echogenicity of medium-to-large carotid plaques predict future vascular events? ### Response:

The association between echogenicity of carotid plaque and incident vascular events is dependent on the plaque size. Echolucent medium-to-large plaques, but not small plaques, are associated with the risk of future total cardiovascular events. This finding suggests that measurement of echolucency in medium-to-large carotid plaques may improve selection of patients at high risk for total vascular events.

### Instruction: Is sTin2 VNTR polymorphism associated with comorbid tobacco use and mood disorders? ### Response:

The STin2.12 allele is positively and the STin2.10/10 genotype is negatively associated with comorbid TUD and mood disorders, depression or bipolar depression, suggesting that biological endophenotypes, e.g. disorders in serotonin metabolism, may in part underpin this comorbidity.

### Instruction: Do mesalazine and thymoquinone attenuate intestinal tumour development in Msh2 ( loxP/loxP ) Villin-Cre mice? ### Response:

Mesalazine and thymoquinone reduce tumour incidence and multiplicity in Msh2(loxP/loxP) Villin-Cre mice by reduction of MSI independent of a functional mismatch repair system. Both substances are candidate compounds for chemoprevention in Lynch syndrome mutation carriers.

### Instruction: Does infusion of human embryonic kidney cell line conditioned medium reverse kainic acid induced hippocampal damage in mice? ### Response:

Our present data demonstrate for the first time that infusion of HEK cells/HEK-CM can prevent excitotoxic hippocampal damage and alleviate consequent behavioral abnormalities.

### Instruction: Is low transferrin saturation associated with impaired fasting glucose and insulin resistance in the South Korean adults : the 2010 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey? ### Response:

Lower transferrin saturations were associated with an increased risk of impaired fasting glucose and insulin resistance among general South Korean population.

### Instruction: Does maternal nutrition induce gene expression changes in fetal muscle and adipose tissues in sheep? ### Response:

These findings provide evidence that maternal nutrition during pregnancy can alter the programming of fetal muscle and fat tissues in sheep. The ramifications of the observed gene expression changes, in terms of postnatal growth, body composition, and meat quality of the offspring, warrant future investigation.

### Instruction: Is premature ejaculation associated with glycemic control in Type 1 diabetes? ### Response:

Our results show a similar prevalence of PE in young male patients with Type 1 diabetes and in the age-matched control population; in diabetic patients with PE, a higher glycemic variability in the hypoglycemic domain is significantly associated with the PEDT score.

### Instruction: Is myocardial scar characteristics based on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging associated with ventricular tachyarrhythmia in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy? ### Response:

A relatively large peri-infarction mass is associated with sustained VT and/or appropriate ICD therapy, whereas age and lower LVEF are associated with mortality. CMR based tissue characterization could aid in the prediction of specific outcome measures and in clinical decision making.

### Instruction: Does institutional patient-specific IMRT QA predict unacceptable plan delivery? ### Response:

IMRT QA is not a reasonable replacement for a credentialing phantom. Moreover, the particularly poor agreement between IMRT QA and the IROC Houston phantoms highlights surprising inconsistency in the QA process.

### Instruction: Is depression a consistent syndrome : An investigation of unique symptom patterns in the STAR*D study? ### Response:

Symptoms were dichotomized to construct symptom profiles. Many subjects enrolled in STAR*D reported medical conditions for which prescribed medications may have affected symptom presentation.

### Instruction: Does canals of Hering loss relate to the progression of the histological stages of primary biliary cirrhosis? ### Response:

The number of CoH was low in early stages and further decreased with stage progression in PBC. CoH loss, reflecting a reduced supply of progenitor cells to the biliary tree, may be involved in the histological progression of PBC.

### Instruction: Does transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation modulate tinnitus-related beta- and gamma-band activity? ### Response:

We conclude that tVNS was successful in modulating tinnitus-related beta- and gamma-band activity and thus could have potential as a treatment method for tinnitus.

### Instruction: Does lysophosphatidylserine have Bilateral Effects on Macrophages in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis? ### Response:

LysoPS may have proatherosclerotic properties in the setting of foam cell formation as well as antiatherosclerotic effects on inflammation in macrophages.

### Instruction: Does early experience with a new three-dimensional annuloplasty ring for the treatment of functional tricuspid regurgitation? ### Response:

Tricuspid valve repair with the Contour 3D annuloplasty ring can be performed with a low rate of residual TR at hospital discharge, a low reoperation rate, and with an excellent early functional outcome.

### Instruction: Is human cytomegalovirus infection associated with essential hypertension in Kazakh and Han Chinese populations? ### Response:

CMV infection is associated with essential hypertension in Kazakh males and Hans in Xinjiang. CMV seropositivity is associated with hypertension in Kazakh males, and CMV antibody titers are associated with blood pressure and hypertension in Han males and females. Moreover, the CMV gB2+gB3 genotype mixture is associated independently with essential hypertension in Kazakh females.

### Instruction: Is gut microbiome composition associated with temperament during early childhood? ### Response:

Differences in gut microbiome composition, including alpha diversity, beta diversity, and abundances of specific bacterial species, were observed in association with temperament in toddlers. This study was cross-sectional and observational and, therefore, does not permit determination of the causal direction of effects. However, if bidirectional brain-gut relationships are present in humans in early life, this may represent an opportunity for intervention relevant to physical as well as mental health disorders.

### Instruction: Is siglec-10 associated with survival and natural killer cell dysfunction in hepatocellular carcinoma? ### Response:

These findings suggest that Siglec-10 is associated with decreased survival and impaired NK cell function in human HCC. This process may function via the CD24-Siglec-10 interaction, which may represent a therapeutic target in HCC patients.

### Instruction: Does alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist GTS-21 mitigate isoflurane-induced cognitive impairment in aged rats? ### Response:

The study demonstrated that pretreatment with α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist GTS-21 attenuates isoflurane-induced learning and memory impairment in aged rats.

### Instruction: Does honokiol affect melanoma cell growth by targeting the AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathway? ### Response:

The results suggest that HNK can target melanoma cells and mark them for cell death through AMPK signaling. Further studies are warranted for developing HNK as an effective chemopreventive/therapeutic agent in melanoma.

### Instruction: Do dexamethasone intravitreal implant as adjunct therapy for patients with wet age-related macular degeneration with incomplete response to ranibizumab? ### Response:

DXI appears to be effective in vision stabilisation, decreasing IRF/SRF and improvement of CRT in eyes with refractory wet AMD.

### Instruction: Is shorter time to target temperature associated with poor neurologic outcome in post-arrest patients treated with targeted temperature management? ### Response:

In this multicenter cohort of post-arrest TTM patients, shorter induction time was associated with poor neurologic outcome.

### Instruction: Do lipopolysaccharide and cytokines inhibit rat cardiomyocyte contractility in vitro? ### Response:

Prolonged exposure of ARVM to a mixture of LPS and inflammatory cytokines inhibits cell contractility. The effect is mediated by the inhibition of Ca(2+) influx via LTCC, and partially opposed by the inhibition of Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchange. Because both mechanisms are commonly seen in animal models of SIC, we conclude that prolonged challenge with Cytomix-100 of ARVM may represent an accurate in vitro model for SIC.

### Instruction: Does wogonin modulate hydroperoxide-induced apoptosis via PI3K/Akt pathway in retinal pigment epithelium cells? ### Response:

Our study showed that wogonin pre-treatment can protect RPE cells from H2O2-induced apoptosis. This suggests potential effect of wogonin in the prevention of retinal diseases associated with H2O2-induced oxidative stress such as AMD.

### Instruction: Do trends in outpatient MRI seem to reflect recent reimbursement cuts? ### Response:

Although the majority of Medicare outpatient MRI studies had previously been performed in private offices, recent years brought a shift, with more now being performed in HOPDs. This change will increase costs to payers, because reimbursements to HOPDs are generally higher than those to offices. Although radiologists perform the majority of MRI exams that are conducted in private offices, the rate of growth for such exams from 2002 to 2012 was considerably higher among orthopedic surgeons and other physicians than among radiologists.

### Instruction: Is acute kidney injury independently associated with higher mortality after cardiac surgery? ### Response:

More than 28% of the patients undergoing elective or subacute cardiac surgery developed AKI in this contemporary cohort. Furthermore, acute kidney injury was an independent predictor of increased mortality irrespective of the perioperative risk factors.

### Instruction: Is the level of RECQL1 expression a prognostic factor for epithelial ovarian cancer? ### Response:

These results suggest that RECQL1 is a prognostic factor for EOC and that RECQL1 contributes to potential malignancy by inhibiting apoptosis.

### Instruction: Do [ Clinical significance of continuous thrombocytopenia in predicting sepsis after severe burn ]? ### Response:

Duration of thrombocytopenia within PBD 10 is one of the risk factors for sepsis in severely burned patients, which can reflect pathophysiological changes in the body, thus providing predictive value for the occurrence of sepsis.