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### Instruction: Is obesity associated with increased postoperative complications after operative management of proximal humerus fractures? ### Response:

Obesity and its resultant medical comorbidities are associated with increased rates of postoperative complications after operative management of proximal humerus fractures. Obese patients for whom operative management of proximal humerus fractures is planned should be counseled preoperatively about their increased risk for postoperative complications.

### Instruction: Is radiofrequency ablation a thyroid function-preserving treatment for patients with bilateral benign thyroid nodules? ### Response:

RF ablation improves cosmetic problems and symptoms and preserves thyroid function in patients with bilateral thyroid nodules.

### Instruction: Does silence of MCL-1 upstream signaling by shRNA abrogate multiple myeloma growth? ### Response:

There is a syngeneic effect among the three independent STAT3, PI3K and MAPK2 survival-signaling pathways related to MCL-1 expression in MM cells. shRNAs silencing of STAT3, PI3K and MAPK2 together could provide an effective strategy to treat MM.

### Instruction: Does pulse oximetry measure a lower heart rate at birth compared with electrocardiography? ### Response:

In infants at birth, HRPO is significantly lower compared with ECG with clinically important differences in the first minutes.

### Instruction: Does brivaracetam differentially affect voltage-gated sodium currents without impairing sustained repetitive firing in neurons? ### Response:

The lack of effect of BRV on SRF in neurons suggests that the reported inhibition of BRV on VGSC currents does not contribute to its antiepileptic properties.

### Instruction: Does ascorbic Acid ameliorate nicotine exposure induced impaired spatial memory performances in rats? ### Response:

Ascorbic acid supplementation was found to be effective in preventing the prenatal nicotine exposure induced cognitive deficits in rat offspring to some extent.

### Instruction: Are glutathione s-transferase m1 and t1 gene polymorphisms associated with increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus development? ### Response:

This study shows no association between GST gene polymorphisms and GDM.

### Instruction: Does heterologous expression of mutated HLA-G1 reduce alloreactivity of human dermal fibroblasts? ### Response:

We are the first to successfully create a human fibroblast source with reduced alloreactivity using a novel mHLA-G1 construct. This approach may be extended to other cell types including human embryonic stem cells for use in allogeneic transplantation for cell-based regenerative medicine applications.

### Instruction: Does a cluster-randomized trial show telephone peer coaching for parents reduces children 's asthma morbidity? ### Response:

This pragmatic telephone-based peer-training intervention reduced asthma impairment. Asthma risk was reduced in children with Medicaid insurance.

### Instruction: Is lipoprotein internalisation induced by oncogenic AMPK activation essential to maintain glioblastoma cell growth? ### Response:

Our findings demonstrate that AMPK plays a crucial role in glioblastoma cell growth and suggest that blocking lipoprotein receptors could potentially be used as a plausible therapeutic approach for these and other type of tumours with high levels of AMPK.

### Instruction: Are tools for assessing the content of guidelines needed to enable their effective use -- a systematic comparison? ### Response:

None of the tools analyzed enables the structured and comprehensive assessment of the content of guideline recommendations with special regard to their reliability and validity. All tools contribute towards the judicious use of evidence syntheses by supporting their systematic development or assessment. However, further progress is needed, particularly with regard to the assessment of content quality. This includes comprehensive operationalization and documentation of the assessment process to ensure reliability and validity, and therefore to enable the effective use of trustworthy guidelines in the health care system.

### Instruction: Is high blood eosinophil count a risk factor for future asthma exacerbations in adult persistent asthma? ### Response:

A high blood eosinophil count is a risk factor for increased future asthma exacerbations and excessive short-acting β2-agonist use after adjustment of potential confounders in adults with persistent asthma, which suggests a higher disease burden in patients with asthma and with high blood eosinophil counts.

### Instruction: Do phosphorus application and elevated CO2 enhance drought tolerance in field pea grown in a phosphorus-deficient vertisol? ### Response:

Phosphorus application and eCO2 interactively enhanced periodic drought tolerance in field pea as a result of decreased stomatal conductance, deeper rooting and high Pi availability for carbon assimilation in leaves.

### Instruction: Do parental characteristics have a larger effect on children 's health behaviour than their body weight? ### Response:

These results suggest that parental behaviour and role modeling provide an important contribution to childrens' health behaviour, especially at younger ages.

### Instruction: Do elevated levels of preoperative circulating CD44⁺ lymphocytes and neutrophils predict poor survival for non-small cell lung cancer patients? ### Response:

CD44(+) lymphocytes along with neutrophils could serve as an independent prognostic marker for NSCLC patients.

### Instruction: Does cardiac-specific ablation of synapse-associated protein SAP97 in mice decrease potassium currents but not sodium current? ### Response:

These data suggest that ablation of SAP97 in the mouse heart mainly alters potassium channel function. Based on the important role of SAP97 in regulating the QT interval, DLG1 may be a susceptibility gene to be investigated in patients with congenital long QT syndrome.

### Instruction: Does imaging DNA damage allow detection of preneoplasia in the BALB-neuT model of breast cancer? ### Response:

DDR imaging using (111)In-anti-γH2AX-TAT identified mammary tumors significantly earlier than MR imaging. Imaging the DDR holds promise for the detection of preneoplasia and as a technique for screening cancer-prone individuals.

### Instruction: Does glioma-derived versican promote tumor expansion via glioma-associated microglial/macrophages Toll-like receptor 2 signaling? ### Response:

Our results show that versican released from glioma promotes tumor expansion through glioma-associated microglial/macrophage TLR2 signaling and subsequent expression of MT1-MMP. This signaling cascade might be a novel target for glioma therapies.

### Instruction: Is care of patients undergoing vascular surgery at safety net public hospitals associated with higher cost but similar mortality to nonsafety net hospitals? ### Response:

Patients undergoing vascular surgery at SNPHs, despite being younger, had higher comorbidities, presented more urgently with more advanced disease, and incurred higher costs than the SNPH cohort despite similar adjusted odds of in-hospital mortality. Delayed presentation and higher comorbidities are most likely related to poor access to routine and preventive health care for the SNPH patients.

### Instruction: Does older age limit postbariatric surgery cognitive benefits : a preliminary investigation? ### Response:

The present study provides preliminary evidence suggesting that older age does not preclude postbariatric surgery cognitive benefits. Prospective studies in more age diverse samples (i.e., up to 70 yr) are needed to determine whether bariatric surgery can reduce risk of age-related neurologic conditions like Alzheimer's disease and stroke.

### Instruction: Is self-reported sleep disturbance associated with Alzheimer 's disease risk in men? ### Response:

Improving sleep quality may help reduce the neurodegenerative risk in older men.

### Instruction: Does a group of segmental premotor interneurons regulate the speed of axial locomotion in Drosophila larvae? ### Response:

Our results suggest that PMSIs control the speed of axial locomotion by limiting, via inhibition, the duration of motor outputs in each segment. Similar mechanisms are found in the regulation of mammalian limb locomotion, suggesting that common strategies may be used to control the speed of animal movements in a diversity of species.

### Instruction: Do plasma membrane-targeted PIN proteins drive shoot development in a moss? ### Response:

Our results show that PIN-mediated auxin transport is an ancient, conserved regulator of shoot development.

### Instruction: Do axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease patient-derived motor neurons demonstrate disease-specific phenotypes including abnormal electrophysiological properties? ### Response:

Human iPSC-derived motor neurons from axonal CMT patients replicated key pathophysiological features observed in other models of MFN2 and NEFL mutations, including abnormal cytoskeletal and mitochondrial dynamics. Electrophysiological abnormalities found in axonal CMT iPSC-derived human motor neurons suggest that these cells are hyperexcitable and have altered sodium and calcium channel kinetics. These findings may provide a new therapeutic target for this group of heterogeneous inherited neuropathies.

### Instruction: Does gastroprotective effect of the iridoid fraction from Barleria prionitis leave on experimentally-induced gastric ulceration? ### Response:

The data shows that the iridoid fraction from BPE possesses anti-ulcerogenic and antioxidant potential.

### Instruction: Does tetramethylpyrazine protect lymphocytes from radiation-induced apoptosis through nuclear factor-κB? ### Response:

The results suggest that TMP had a radioprotective effect through the NF-κB pathway to inhibit apoptosis, and it may be an effective candidate for treating radiation diseases associated with cell apoptosis.

### Instruction: Is persistent insomnia associated with mortality risk? ### Response:

In a population-based cohort, persistent, and not intermittent, insomnia was associated with increased risk for all-cause and cardiopulmonary mortality and was associated with a steeper increase in inflammation.

### Instruction: Does vitamin E attenuate neurotoxicity induced by deltamethrin in rats? ### Response:

From this study we concluded that VE supplementation has beneficial impacts on DM neurotoxicity in rats through its antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties.

### Instruction: Does glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor promote β-catenin phosphorylation and nuclear translocation in glioma cells? ### Response:

The results of our study demonstrate that GDNF increases the intracellular phosphorylation level of β-catenin through N-cadherin/Src signaling, which subsequently stimulates the nuclear translocation of β-catenin. This study provides a theoretical basis for us to reveal the role of biological mechanisms on glioma cell by GDNF.

### Instruction: Does statin treatment affect cytokine release and phagocytic activity in primary cultured microglia through two separable mechanisms? ### Response:

The disparity in cholesterol dependence of cytokine release and phagocytosis suggests the two effects occur through distinct molecular mechanisms. These two pathways may provide an opportunity for further refinement of pharmacotherapies for neuroinflammatory, neurodegenerative, and neuropsychiatric disorders.

### Instruction: Are the Expression of RAC1 and Mineralocorticoid Pathway-Dependent Genes Associated With Different Responses to Salt Intake? ### Response:

RAC1 expression was associated with an increase in MR, NGAL, NF-κB, and HO-1 expression, suggesting that RAC1 could be a mediator of cardiovascular damage induced by sodium, and may also useful to identify subjects with different responses to salt intake.

### Instruction: Are statin medications associated with a lower probability of having an abnormal screening prostate-specific antigen result? ### Response:

Statin use is associated with a reduction in the probability that an older man will have an abnormal screening PSA result, regardless of the PSA threshold. This reduction is more pronounced with higher statin dose, longer statin duration, and higher statin potency.

### Instruction: Does systemic delivery of human bone marrow embryonic-like stem cells improve motor function of severely affected dystrophin/utrophin-deficient mice? ### Response:

ELSCs could be more efficiently induced to differentiate into myotubes than were MSCs in vitro, and systematically transplanting ELSCs improved muscle motor function and muscle histology in dko mice.

### Instruction: Is uRG4 overexpression correlated with cervical cancer progression and poor prognosis in patients with early-stage cervical cancer? ### Response:

Our results demonstrated that elevated URG4 protein expression is associated with a poor outcome in patients with early-stage cervical cancer. URG4 may be a novel prognostic marker and therapeutic target for the treatment of cervical cancer.

### Instruction: Is fragmented QRS associated with frequency of premature ventricular contractions in patients without overt cardiac disease? ### Response:

This study demonstrated that the presence of fQRS is associated with frequent PVCs in patients without overt structural heart disease.

### Instruction: Does adjustment of sensitisation and challenge protocols restore functional and inflammatory responses to ovalbumin in guinea-pigs? ### Response:

This study has shown that declining allergic responses to Ova in guinea-pigs could be restored by increasing the sensitisation and challenge conditions. It has also demonstrated an important dissociation between EAR, LAR, AHR and inflammation.

### Instruction: Is expression of growth arrest and DNA damage inducible 45a in human oral squamous cell carcinoma associated with tumor progression and clinical outcome? ### Response:

The results showed that Gadd45a was redistributed to cytoplasm in poorly differentiated carcinoma from its nucleus location in normal tissue (P < 0.05). The expression of Gadd45a was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis, tumor stage and tumor histological grade (P < 0.05). Knockdown of Gadd45a gene abolished the G2/M arrest and increased migrating ability of Tca8113 cell (P < 0.05). The results indicate that Gadd45a play an important role in OSCC metastasis by affecting the bioactivity of the tumor cells, and its distribution may serve for the prediction of clinical outcome of OSCC.

### Instruction: Does alteration of inflammatory response by shock wave therapy lead to reduced calcification of decellularized aortic xenografts in mice†? ### Response:

SWs reduce the calcification of subcutaneously implanted decellularized xenografts via the modulation of the acute macrophage-mediated inflammatory response and improves the in vitro repopulation of decellularized grafts. It may therefore serve as a feasible adjunct to heart valve tissue engineering.

### Instruction: Does multicenter immunohistochemical ALK-testing of non-small-cell lung cancer show high concordance after harmonization of techniques and interpretation criteria? ### Response:

This so-called "ALK-Harmonization-Study" shows for the first time that predictive semiquantitative IHC reveals reliable and reproducible results across several labs when methodology and interpretation are strictly defined and the pathologists are uniquely trained. The application of validated ALK IHC assays and its comparison to ALK-FISH is highly needed in future clinical trials. This might answer the question if ALK-IHC cannot only serve as a prescreening tool, but as a stand-alone test at least in cases displaying an unequivocally staining pattern as well as an alternative predictive test in samples with reduced FISH interpretability.

### Instruction: Does the novel surfactant protein SP-H enhance the phagocytosis efficiency of macrophage-like cell lines U937 and MH-S? ### Response:

It can be assumed that SP-H is involved in regulating phagocytic activity of macrophages. SP-H is a new player in pulmonary host defence.

### Instruction: Does the rtPA increase MMP-9 activity in serum during ischaemic stroke? ### Response:

Thrombolysis applied for IS treatment increases MMP-9 activity in serum, however, rtPA does not facilitate the conversion of pro-MMP-9 into the active form. Our results also suggest the involvement of MMP-3 to the biochemical processes occurring during acute phase of IS.

### Instruction: Does tRAIL receptor deletion in mice suppress the inflammation of nutrient excess? ### Response:

These data advance the concept that macrophage-associated hepatic and adipose tissue inflammation of nutrient excess requires TR signaling.

### Instruction: Are hospitalisation costs for infant bronchiolitis up to 20 times higher if intensive care is needed? ### Response:

The hospitalisation costs of infants treated in the PICU for bronchiolitis at <12 months of age were approximately four times more than for other inpatients and over 20 times more than for outpatients. Strategies are needed to reduce the need for intensive care.

### Instruction: Is hospital readmission associated with poor survival after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer? ### Response:

Hospital readmissions after esophagectomy for cancer occur frequently and are associated with worse survival. Improved identification of patients at risk for readmission after esophagectomy can inform patient selection, discharge planning, and outpatient monitoring. Optimization of such practices may lead to improved outcomes at reduced cost.

### Instruction: Does polyphenol-enriched diet prevent coronary endothelial dysfunction by activating the Akt/eNOS pathway? ### Response:

Pomanox supplementation hinders hyperlipemia-induced coronary endothelial dysfunction by activating the Akt/endothelial nitric oxide-synthase pathway and favorably counteracting vascular inflammation and oxidative damage.

### Instruction: Is malnutrition a prognostic factor in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC )? ### Response:

A significant proportion of patients with HCC is malnourished or at risk for malnutrition. Screening questionnaires and BIA measurement are superior to pure anthropometric measurements to identify the condition that negatively influences survival. The phase angle derived from body impedance analysis is an independent prognostic factor in patients with HCC.

### Instruction: Is histiocytoid Sweet syndrome infiltrated predominantly by M2-like macrophages? ### Response:

The study includes a limited case series. The pathogenesis of the disease remains to be clarified.

### Instruction: Is sinR a mutational target for fine-tuning biofilm formation in laboratory-evolved strains of Bacillus subtilis? ### Response:

Our data suggest that standard laboratory culturing conditions do not rapidly select against biofilm formation. Although biofilm matrix production is often reduced in domesticated bacterial strains, we found that matrix production may still have a fitness benefit in the laboratory. We suggest that adaptive specialization of biofilm-forming species can occur through mutations that modulate biofilm formation as in B. subtilis.

### Instruction: Does ancient DNA provide new insight into the maternal lineages and domestication of Chinese donkeys? ### Response:

This study is the first to provide valuable ancient animal DNA evidence for early trade between African and Asian populations. The ancient DNA analysis of Chinese donkeys also sheds light on the dynamic process of the maternal origin, domestication, and dispersal route of ancient Chinese donkeys.

### Instruction: Do a critical analysis of secondary overtriage to a Level I trauma center? ### Response:

A significant number of patients transferred to our trauma center were discharged within 24 hours; most of them required observation and/or minor procedures. Appropriately increasing primary hospital resources, in addition to interhospital outreach in the form of education or telemedicine, should be considered to decrease the number of avoidable transfers.

### Instruction: Is fibromyalgia associated with coronary heart disease : a population-based cohort study? ### Response:

An association between fibromyalgia and CHD appears to exist.

### Instruction: Do serum miRNA biomarkers serve as a fingerprint for proliferative diabetic retinopathy? ### Response:

These data provide evidence that serum miRNAs have the potential to be sensitive, cost-effective biomarkers for the early detection of PDR. These biomarkers could serve as a dynamic monitoring factor for detecting the progression of PDR from NPDR.

### Instruction: Does the usage of overtube have a favorable effect on endoscopic submucosal dissection? ### Response:

We conclude that using an overtube during an upper gastrointestinal ESD decreases the need for suction, favors the speed of dissection, and eases the comfort of the procedure.

### Instruction: Do dehydroepiandrosterone and its sulfate predict the 5-year risk of coronary heart disease events in elderly men? ### Response:

Low serum levels of DHEA and its sulfate predict an increased risk of CHD, but not CBD, events in elderly men.

### Instruction: Does aeromonas piscicola AH-3 express an extracellular collagenase with cytotoxic properties? ### Response:

Collagenases play a central role in processes where collagen digestion is needed, for example host invasion by pathogenic micro-organisms. We identified a new collagenase from Aeromonas using an integrated in silico/in vitro strategy. This enzyme is able to bind and cleave collagen, contributes for AH-3 cytotoxicity and shares low similarity with known bacterial collagenases. This is the first report of an enzyme belonging to the gluzincin subfamily of the M9 family of peptidases in Aeromonas. This study increases the current knowledge on collagenolytic enzymes bringing new perspectives for biotechnology/medical purposes.

### Instruction: Does preoperative anemia increase postoperative morbidity in elective cranial neurosurgery? ### Response:

Preoperative anemia in elective cranial neurosurgery was independently associated with an increased risk of 30-day postoperative mortality and morbidity when compared to non-anemic patients. A hematocrit level below 33% (Hgb 11 g/dl) was associated with a significant increase in postoperative morbidity.

### Instruction: Does endothelin-Bone morphogenetic protein type 2 receptor interaction induce pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell hyperplasia in pulmonary arterial hypertension? ### Response:

Endothelin-1 downregulates canonical BMPR2 signaling. This is related to decreased BMPR2 and increased anti-BMP gremlin expression associated with increased activation of p38(MAPK) and results in PA-SMC proliferation.

### Instruction: Do long-term results from the Contura multilumen balloon breast brachytherapy catheter phase 4 registry trial? ### Response:

Use of the CMLB for APBI delivery is associated with acceptable long-term local control and toxicity. Local recurrence-free survival was 97.8% at 3 years. Significant (grade 3) toxicity was uncommon, and no grade 4 toxicity was observed. Treatment at high-volume centers was associated with decreased late toxicity.

### Instruction: Does selenium status in pregnancy influence children 's cognitive function at 1.5 years of age? ### Response:

Low prenatal selenium status seems to be disadvantageous for children's psychomotor and language development. Further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of these effects.

### Instruction: Does dexmedetomidine reduce atrial fibrillation after lung cancer surgery? ### Response:

These results were similar to those published elsewhere on POAF incidence and risk factors. This study could not confirm the hypothesis that the intraoperative use of DEX is associated with a reduced rate of POAF after thoracic surgery for lung cancer.

### Instruction: Does extracorporeal shockwave therapy improve short-term functional outcomes of shoulder adhesive capsulitis? ### Response:

Our results showed that ESWT can be an alternative treatment, at least in the short-term, for primary adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder. In addition, all of the side effects of ESWT were transient and tolerable.

### Instruction: Do collateral flow and brain changes on computed tomography angiography predict infarct volume on early diffusion-weighted imaging? ### Response:

Assessment of ASPECTS and collateral flow on CTA-SI may be able to exclude a patient with large infarct on early DWI.

### Instruction: Do angiogenic microvascular endothelial cells release microparticles rich in tissue factor that promotes postischemic collateral vessel formation? ### Response:

These findings demonstrate that TF-rich mEMPs released by microvascular endothelial cells can overcome the consequences of arterial occlusion and tissue ischemia by promoting postischemic neovascularization and tissue reperfusion.

### Instruction: Does adenovirus-mediated NDRG2 inhibit the proliferation of human renal cell carcinoma cell line OS-RC-2 in vitro? ### Response:

NDRG2 can significantly inhibit the proliferation of OS-RC-2 cells in vitro and its protein is specifically expressed in the mitochondrion.

### Instruction: Does introduction of an 8-aminooctanoic acid linker enhance uptake of 99mTc-labeled lactam bridge-cyclized α-MSH peptide in melanoma? ### Response:

High melanoma uptake and fast urinary clearance of (99m)Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-AocNle-CycMSHhex highlighted its potential for metastatic melanoma detection in the future.

### Instruction: Does bRCAness predict resistance to taxane-containing regimens in triple negative breast cancer during neoadjuvant chemotherapy? ### Response:

Identifying BRCAness can help predict the response to taxane, and changing regimens for BRCAness TNBC might improve patient survival. A larger prospective study is needed to further clarify this issue.

### Instruction: Does classical swine fever virus induce oxidative stress in swine umbilical vein endothelial cells? ### Response:

Our results indicated that CSFV infection induced oxidative stress in SUVECs. These findings provide novel information on the mechanism by which CSFV can alter intracellular events associated with the viral infection.

### Instruction: Does e2F4 regulatory program predict patient survival prognosis in breast cancer? ### Response:

We defined a prognostic signature, the E2F4 regulatory activity score, and showed it to be significantly predictive of patient outcome in breast cancer regardless of treatment status and the states of many other clinicopathological variables. It can be used in conjunction with other breast cancer classification methods such as Oncotype DX to improve clinical outcome prediction.

### Instruction: Do long-term efficacy of the Baerveldt 250 mm2 compared with the Baerveldt 350 mm2 implant? ### Response:

With a mean follow-up of 40 and 31 months, no differences in surgical success, VA, IOP, number of medications at the last visit, and complication/failure rates were noted between the Baerveldt 250 mm2 and 350 mm2 GDIs, respectively. The size of the GDI may not be associated with surgical outcomes.

### Instruction: Is self-reported body fat change in HIV-infected men a marker of decline in physical health-related quality of life with aging , independent of co-morbidity? ### Response:

Negative self-perceived body fat changes were associated with decline in physical health related quality of life, independent of comorbidities, and may be a marker of an increased risk for physical function decline with aging.

### Instruction: Does transcranial magnetic stimulation reveal cortical hyperexcitability in episodic cluster headache? ### Response:

We investigated cortical excitability in episodic cluster headache by using transcranial magnetic stimulation, providing evidence of cortical hyperexcitability in patients both inside and outside bout. We suggest that an abnormal state of cortical excitability could be involved in the pathophysiology of the disease.

### Instruction: Is motor cortical activity during motor tasks normal in patients with complex regional pain syndrome? ### Response:

This study shows that the nature of motor dysfunction in CRPS patients differs from that encountered in patients with functional paresis or under circumstances of limb immobilization. This information is important for patients and pain clinicians and could help prevent implementation of therapeutic strategies based on incorrect assumptions.

### Instruction: Does peripheral group I metabotropic glutamate receptor activation lead to muscle mechanical hyperalgesia through TRPV1 phosphorylation in the rat? ### Response:

This article demonstrates that activation of mGlu1/5 leads to phosphorylation of a specific TRPV1 residue via PKC and AKAP150 in trigeminal sensory neurons and that functional interactions between glutamate receptors and TRPV1 mediate mechanical hyperalgesia in the muscle tissue.

### Instruction: Does lipopolysaccharide preconditioning induce neuroprotection against early brain injury after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage? ### Response:

LPS preconditioning could modulate MMP-9 and therefore induce neuroprotection against EBI after experimental SAH.

### Instruction: Is loss of N-cadherin associated with loss of E-cadherin expression and poor outcomes of liver resection in hepatocellular carcinoma? ### Response:

Loss of N-cadherin was positively correlated with loss of E-cadherin in HCC. Concurrent loss of both N- and E-cadherin expressions was associated with poor surgical outcomes of HCC patients undergoing liver resection.

### Instruction: Does the dual mTORC1 and mTORC2 inhibitor PP242 show strong antitumor activity in a pheochromocytoma PC12 cell tumor model? ### Response:

Our study showed that PP242 showed strong antitumor activity in a pheochromocytoma PC12 cell tumor model. Based on our study, dual mTORC1/2 kinase inhibitors warrant further investigation as a potential treatment for malignant pheochromocytomas or paragangliomas.

### Instruction: Does s100A3 suppression inhibit in vitro and in vivo tumor growth and invasion of human castration-resistant prostate cancer cells? ### Response:

Human CRPC cells showed upregulation of S100A3 expression, and S100A3 inhibition reduced tumor cell viability. S100A3 inhibition reduced invasion capability with downregulation of MMP expression. More importantly, S100A3 inhibition resulted in tumor growth suppression in human CRPC xenograft models, suggesting S100A3 could serve as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of human CRPC.

### Instruction: Does a common polymorphism within MSLN affect miR-611 binding site and soluble mesothelin levels in healthy people? ### Response:

SMRP performance as diagnostic biomarker improved by considering the genotype rs1057147. This polymorphism most likely affects a binding site for miR-611.

### Instruction: Is [ Ischemia an independent predictive factor of chronic renal failure after partial nephrectomy in a solitary kidney in patients without pre-operative renal insufficiency ]? ### Response:

Renal function following PN in a solitary kidney seems to depend on non-reversible factors such as pre-operative glomerular filtration rate. Our findings minimize the role of vascular clamping and ischemia time, which were not significantly associated with chronic renal failure risk in our study.

### Instruction: Does regional anesthesia improve outcome in patients undergoing proximal humerus fracture repair? ### Response:

Patients who received regional anesthetic via a brachial plexus interscalene blocks had better functional outcomes and range of motion at the most recent clinical follow-up. Regional anesthesia provides patients with prolonged postoperative pain relief, which may allow for early mobilization, increasing the likelihood that the patient's function and range of motion will return to baseline.

### Instruction: Are in patients with rheumatoid arthritis , Dickkopf-1 serum levels correlated with parathyroid hormone , bone erosions and bone mineral density? ### Response:

In patients with RA, serum levels of DKK1 are significantly increased, correlate with PTH and are associated with increased risk of bone erosions and osteoporosis. However, this finding deserves confirmation in a larger and more selected population.

### Instruction: Does multimodal protocol reduce postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing Le Fort I osteotomy? ### Response:

This multimodal protocol was associated with substantially decreased prevalence of PONV in patients undergoing Le Fort I osteotomy.

### Instruction: Is a high body mass index in esophageal cancer patients associated with adverse outcomes following esophagectomy? ### Response:

A high BMI is not associated with increased overall morbidity following esophagectomy; moreover, it is associated with decreased incidence of chylothorax. The better overall survival in patients with high BMI compared with those with low BMI might be due to a relatively low pathological stage. A high BMI should therefore not be a relative contraindication for esophagectomy.

### Instruction: Are fascial closure after open abdomen : initial indication and early revisions decisive factors -- a retrospective cohort study? ### Response:

The probability to reach fascial closure after open abdomen seems to increase when open abdomen is performed initially and when early second and third look operations are performed. The presence of pancreatitis seems to be the only negative prognostic marker concerning fascial closure.

### Instruction: Does mR imaging relaxometry allow noninvasive characterization of in vivo differentiation of muscle precursor cells? ### Response:

MR imaging relaxation and diffusion measurements can be used as potential biomarkers for noninvasive in vivo monitoring of the myogenic differentiation process from muscle precursor cells to mature skeletal muscle tissue in muscle cell therapy.

### Instruction: Is higher fasting glucose next day after intravenous thrombolysis independently associated with poor outcome in acute ischemic stroke? ### Response:

FG is a powerful predictor associated with the outcome in IVT-treated AIS patients independent of AG and HbA1c.

### Instruction: Is a newly developed mouse monoclonal SOX10 antibody a highly sensitive and specific marker for malignant melanoma , including spindle cell and desmoplastic melanomas? ### Response:

The newly developed mouse monoclonal SOX10 antibody BC34 is highly sensitive and specific for malignant melanoma, including desmoplastic and spindle cell variants, and appears highly suitable for clinical use.

### Instruction: Is abdominal aortic diameter increased in males with a family history of abdominal aortic aneurysms : results from the Danish VIVA-trial? ### Response:

First-degree male relatives of AAA patients have wider aortas and a twofold higher prevalence of AAA compared with the age adjusted background population. The prevalence of AAA was markedly higher in participants related to female, rather than male, patients with AAA.

### Instruction: Does dual-specificity phosphatase 6 predict the sensitivity of progestin therapy for atypical endometrial hyperplasia? ### Response:

Dusp6 could be a predicting marker for deciding the effectiveness of progestin therapy in AEH.

### Instruction: Does endoscopic transphenoidal surgery for acromegaly improve quality of life? ### Response:

Transsphenoidal surgery improves QOL in acromegaly. Attempts to achieve a cure, avoidance of surgically induced pan-hypotpituitarism and adjuvant therapy, will improve quality of life. Our study demonstrates the important role of the patient-physician relationship to QOL and the need to measure QOL in addition to the traditional measures of outcome.

### Instruction: Is smoking history , and not depression , related to deficits in detection of happy and sad faces? ### Response:

The results of this study provide preliminary evidence for distinctive cognitive decrements in smokers and individuals with depression.

### Instruction: Are fatty acid-amino acid conjugates essential for systemic activation of salicylic acid-induced protein kinase and accumulation of jasmonic acid in Nicotiana attenuata? ### Response:

Our results reveal that N. attenuata specifically recognizes herbivore-derived FACs in damaged leaves and rapidly send out a long-distance signal to phylotactically connected leaves to activate MAPK and JA signaling, and we propose that FACs that penetrated into wounds rapidly induce the production of another long-distance signal(s) which travels to all systemic leaves and activates TPI defense.

### Instruction: Does deficiency in Nrf2 transcription factor decrease adipose tissue mass and hepatic lipid accumulation in leptin-deficient mice? ### Response:

Nrf2 deficiency in Lep(ob/ob) mice reduced white adipose tissue mass and prevented hepatic lipid accumulation but induced insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. This study indicates a dual role of Nrf2 during metabolic dysregulation-increasing lipid accumulation in liver and white adipose tissue but preventing lipid accumulation in obese mice.

### Instruction: Do bone Marrow Stromal Cells Inhibit the Activation of Liver Cirrhotic Fat-Storing Cells via Adrenomedullin Secretion? ### Response:

Our data suggested that BMSCs inhibited CFSC activation in vitro via the AM-Ang II-p47-phox signaling pathway, and since CFSC activation is an essential part of hepatic fibrosis process, this inhibition by BMSCs implies us new insights into the potential treatment of hepatic fibrosis via BMSCs.

### Instruction: Does obesity increase risk of anticoagulation reversal failure with prothrombin complex concentrate in those with intracranial hemorrhage? ### Response:

Obesity and elevated initial INR are independently associated with anticoagulation reversal failure using the weight-based PCC protocol in patients with warfarin-related acute ICH. Further studies are needed to determine more effective dosing protocols and individualized strategies for anticoagulation reversal after acute ICH, especially among obese patients.

### Instruction: Does rNA-seq analysis of the rat placentation site reveal maternal obesity-associated changes in placental and offspring thyroid hormone signaling? ### Response:

Gene expression analysis of placenta and offspring revealed that each utero-placental compartment responds distinctly to maternal OB with changes in inflammatory signaling, lipid metabolism and hormone stimulus being the predominant effects. OB-induced alterations in 17 genes were confirmed by qPCR, including reductions in thyrotropin-releasing hormone (Trh) in JZ. We further characterized mRNA and protein expression of TH signaling regulators including deiodinases (Dio), TH receptors (Tr), and downstream targets (uncoupling proteins (Ucp)). A concerted down-regulation of multiple facets of thyroid hormone signaling in the JZ and FL was observed. JZ expression of thyroid hormone signaling components Trh, Dio2, Trα, and Ucp2 were negatively associated with maternal leptin. mRNA expression of TRH, TRβ and UCP1 were also decreased in term placenta from OB women. Finally, our studies identified persistent impairments in expression of TH related genes in tissues from offspring of obese dams.

### Instruction: Is serum free 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D more closely associated with fibroblast growth factor 23 than other vitamin D forms in chronic dialysis patients? ### Response:

The relationship between FGF-23 and vitamin D is stronger using free forms of 25-OH-D and 1,25-(OH)2-D. Subsequent studies aiming at MBD should consider including free 25-OH-D and 1,25-(OH)2-D in the analysis.

### Instruction: Is synovial T cell hyporesponsiveness to myeloid dendritic cells reversed by preventing PD-1/PD-L1 interactions? ### Response:

SF T cell hyporesponsiveness upon (TSLP-primed) mDC stimulation in RA joints is partially dependent on PD-1/PD-L1 interactions, as PD-1 and PD-L1 are both highly expressed on SF T cells and mDCs, respectively, and inhibiting PD-1 availability restores T cell proliferation. The potential of IL-7 to robustly reverse this hyporesponsiveness suggests that such proinflammatory cytokines in RA joints strongly contribute to memory T cell activation.

### Instruction: Does microRNA-29b regulate migration in oral squamous cell carcinoma and its clinical significance? ### Response:

MiR-29b acts as an oncomir, promoting cell migration through CX3CL1 suppression, and could be a potential therapeutic target for preventing OSCC progression.

### Instruction: Are pre-transplant impedance measures of reflux associated with early allograft injury after lung transplantation? ### Response:

Prolonged bolus clearance, increased total distal reflux episodes, and increased total proximal reflux episodes on pre-transplant MII-pH were associated with decreased time to early allograft injury after lung transplantation. Routine pre-transplant MII-pH may provide clinically relevant data regarding transplant outcomes and peri-transplant care.