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### Instruction: Does prolonged P wave duration predict stroke mortality among type 2 diabetic patients with prevalent non-major macrovascular disease? ### Response:

As an easily measurable factor P wave duration merits further studies with higher number of patients to evaluate its importance in the estimation of stroke risk in type 2 diabetic patients with PNMMVD.

### Instruction: Do central adenosine A1 and A2A receptors mediate the antinociceptive effects of neuropeptide S in the mouse formalin test? ### Response:

The above findings suggest that: (i) NPS evokes central antinociceptive effects by activating both A1 and A2A receptors during phase 1, but (ii) only the adenosine A2A receptor during phase 2 of the formalin test.

### Instruction: Does experimental diabetes mellitus type 1 increase hippocampal content of kynurenic acid in rats? ### Response:

A novel factor potentially implicated in diabetic hippocampal dysfunction has been identified. Observed increase of KYNA level may stem from the activation of endogenous neuroprotection, however, it may also have negative impact on cognition.

### Instruction: Does blockade of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway ameliorate delayed gastric emptying in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats? ### Response:

Inflammation was associated with the development of delayed gastric emptying, and blockade of p38 MAPK pathway with SB203580 ameliorates delayed gastric emptying in diabetic rats, at least in part, by inhibiting the expression of iNOS, TNF-a and IL-1β. Therefore, p38MAPK may serve as a novel target for the therapy of diabetes-related gastrointestinal dysmotility.

### Instruction: Is high level of plasma matrix metalloproteinase-11 associated with clinicopathological characteristics in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma? ### Response:

Our study showed that plasma level of MMP-11 may be useful for assessment of the disease progression, especially lymph node metastasis, in patients with OSCC.

### Instruction: Is interferon lambda-3 associated with clinical outcome in patients with HCV-induced compensated cirrhosis : a long-term cohort study? ### Response:

IFN-λ3 determination is fundamental for allocating cirrhotic patients to be treated with IFN, while it has no value in predicting the outcome of the disease.

### Instruction: Does dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex mediate the Impact of Serotonin Transporter Linked Polymorphic Region Genotype on Anticipatory Threat Reactions? ### Response:

The converging results from these experiments demonstrate that innate 5-HTTLPR linked variation in dmPFC activity predicts psychophysiological responsivity to pending threats. Our results reveal a neurogenetic pathway mediating interindividual variability in anticipatory responses to threat and yield a novel mechanistic account for previously reported associations between genetic variability in serotonin transporter function and stress-related psychopathology.

### Instruction: Does intensity-modulated whole pelvic radiotherapy provide effective dosimetric outcomes for cervical cancer treatment with lower toxicities? ### Response:

An intensity-modulated radiotherapy plan with appropriate margins encompassing the primary tumour and potential microscopic pelvic disease reduces the dose to organs at risk without compromising target coverage. Intensity-modulated radiotherapy is an appropriate definitive treatment for patients with cervical cancer.

### Instruction: Does treatment with anti-C5a antibody improve the outcome of H7N9 virus infection in African green monkeys? ### Response:

Antihuman C5a antibody treatment remarkably reduced the ALI and systemic inflammation induced by H7N9 virus infection. Complement inhibition may be a promising adjunctive therapy for severe viral pneumonia.

### Instruction: Are socioeconomic inequalities still a barrier to full child vaccine coverage in the Brazilian Amazon : a cross-sectional study in Assis Brasil , Acre , Brazil? ### Response:

This study showed that vaccine coverage in the first twelve months of life in Assis Brasil is similar to other areas in the Amazon and it is below the coverage postulated by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Low vaccine coverage was associated with socioeconomic inequities that still prevail in the Brazilian Amazon. Short and long-term strategies must be taken to update child vaccines and increase vaccine coverage in the Amazon.

### Instruction: Does mental fatigue affect maximal anaerobic exercise performance? ### Response:

Near identical responses in performance and physiological parameters between mental fatigue and control conditions suggest that peripheral mechanisms primarily regulate maximal anaerobic exercise. Whereas mental fatigue can negatively impact submaximal endurance exercise, it appears that explosive power, voluntary maximal strength and anaerobic work capacity are unaffected.

### Instruction: Is tP53 Pro72 allele enriched in oral tongue cancer and frequently mutated in esophageal cancer in India? ### Response:

Our study revealed the association of Pro72 allele with SCCOT suggesting the effect of this polymorphism on SCCOT risk. Preferential mutation of Pro72 allele exclusively in ESCC indicates the need for further studies to understand the tissue specific effect of p53 polymorphism.

### Instruction: Does α-Enolase play a catalytically independent role in doxorubicin-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction? ### Response:

Our findings provided the evidence that α-enolase has a catalytically independent role in inducing cardiomyocyte apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction, which could be at least partially contributed to the inhibition of AMPK phosphorylation.

### Instruction: Do a qualitative study of the background and in-hospital medicolegal response to female burn injuries in India? ### Response:

The similarities between accident and intention cluster so tightly as to make them challenging to distinguish, especially given women's understandable reticence to describe burns as non-accidental. The contested status of forensic evidence and a reliance on testimony means that only a minority of cases lead to conviction. The emphasis should be on improving documentation, communication between service providers, and public understanding of the risks of burns.

### Instruction: Is african-american race a predictor of seminal vesicle invasion after radical prostatectomy? ### Response:

AA men have an increased risk of SVI after RP, particularly among men with Gleason ≤ 6 disease. This might represent racial differences in the biology of PCa disease progression, which contribute to poorer outcomes in AA men.

### Instruction: Is self-rated health associated with the length of stay at the intensive care unit and hospital following cardiac surgery? ### Response:

Lower happiness and self-rated health may influence the outcome of cardiac surgery. Therefore, these variables should be assessed in patients.

### Instruction: Is integrin-based meningioma cell migration promoted by photon but not by carbon-ion irradiation? ### Response:

Photon but not carbon-ion IR promotes serum-based meningioma cell migration. Fibronectin receptor integrin ανβ1 signaling can be identified as an important mechanism for serum- and photon-induced migration of WHO class I meningioma cells.

### Instruction: Does early-life stress selectively affect gastrointestinal but not behavioral responses in a genetic model of brain-gut axis dysfunction? ### Response:

Our data suggest that early-life stress, on the background of a genetic predisposition to display an anxiety- and depressive-like phenotype, selectively influences GI function rather than stress-related behaviors. Thus, our findings highlight the importance of genetic predisposition on the outcome of early-life adversity on GI function.

### Instruction: Are historic and current hepatitis B viral DNA and quantitative HBsAg level associated with cirrhosis in non-Asian women with chronic hepatitis B? ### Response:

Neither historic nor current HBV DNA or the quantitative HBsAg level is associated with the development of HBV-related cirrhosis in non-Asian women.

### Instruction: Does patatin-related phospholipase pPLAIIIδ influence auxin-responsive cell morphology and organ size in Arabidopsis and Brassica napus? ### Response:

These data suggest that the PLAIIIδ gene plays an important role in cell morphology and organ size through its involvement in the regulation of auxin distribution in plants.

### Instruction: Does histoscanning have low sensitivity and specificity for seminal vesicle invasion? ### Response:

HS results did not allow a reliable prediction of SVI within PCa patients. Despite, the application of HS signal volume cut-offs (>0.2 and >0.5 mL), the prediction of SVI within PCa patients remained insufficient.

### Instruction: Is low percentage of free prostate-specific antigen ( PSA ) a strong predictor of later detection of prostate cancer among Japanese men with serum levels of total PSA of 4.0 ng/mL or less? ### Response:

A low %fPSA is a strong predictor of a subsequent diagnosis of prostate cancer among men with tPSA levels ≤4.0 ng/mL. Measurement of %fPSA might enhance the detection of high-grade cancer that warrants aggressive treatment.

### Instruction: Is permanent His-bundle pacing feasible , safe , and superior to right ventricular pacing in routine clinical practice? ### Response:

Permanent HBP without a mapping catheter or a backup right ventricular lead was successfully achieved in 80% of patients. PTh was higher and FT was comparable to those of the RVP group. Clinical outcomes were better in the HBP group than in the RVP group.

### Instruction: Are clinical and serum-based markers associated with death within 1 year of de novo implant in primary prevention ICD recipients? ### Response:

Individuals with more comorbidities and elevation of specific serum biomarkers were at increased risk of all-cause mortality despite being deemed as having a reasonable 1-year life expectancy. A simple risk score composed of readily available clinical data and serum biomarkers may better identify patients at high risk of early mortality and improve patient selection and counseling for primary prevention ICD therapy.

### Instruction: Does astaxanthin prevent TGFβ1-induced pro-fibrogenic gene expression by inhibiting Smad3 activation in hepatic stellate cells? ### Response:

Taken together, ASTX exerted anti-fibrogenic effects by blocking TGFβ1-signaling, consequently inhibiting the activation of Smad3 pathway in HSCs.

### Instruction: Is vitamin D deficiency in mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome patients similar to other cancer patients? ### Response:

To our knowledge,this is the first study of vitamin D status in CTCL patients. Vitamin D deficiency was present in CTCL and other cancer patients compared with normal and historical controls. Correction of vitamin D deficiency and type of vitamin D supplementation used did not affect the overall clinical disease response.

### Instruction: Does genome wide association study identify variants in NBEA associated with migraine in bipolar disorder? ### Response:

Our study is based on self-reported migraine.

### Instruction: Is nASH resolution associated with improvements in HDL and triglyceride levels but not improvement in LDL or non-HDL-C levels? ### Response:

NASH resolution is associated with improvements in TG and HDL but not in other cardiovascular disease risk factors including LDL and non-HDL-C levels. Individuals with resolution of NASH may still be at increased risk of cardiovascular disease. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00063622.

### Instruction: Is aberrant P-cadherin expression associated to aggressive feline mammary carcinomas? ### Response:

The results demonstrate a relationship between P-cadherin expression and aggressive biological behaviour of feline mammary carcinomas, suggesting that P-cadherin may be considered an indicator of poor prognosis in this animal species. Moreover, it indicates that, in queens, the aberrant expression of P-cadherin is a better marker of mammary carcinomas aggressive behaviour than the reduction of E-cadherin expression. Further investigation with follow-up studies in feline species should be conducted in order to evaluate the prognostic value of P-cadherin expression in E-cadherin positive carcinomas.

### Instruction: Does casticin inhibit COX-2 and iNOS expression via suppression of NF-κB and MAPK signaling in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated mouse macrophages? ### Response:

These results suggest that the anti-inflammatory effect of casticin is due to inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines and mediators by blocking the NF-κB, Akt, and MAPK signaling pathways.

### Instruction: Do transcriptome sequencing and comparative analysis reveal long-term flowing mechanisms in Hevea brasiliensis latex? ### Response:

We conducted high-resolution transcriptome profiling related to LFL in H. brasiliensis. The research facilitates further studies on gene discovery and on the molecular mechanisms related to the estimation of tapping intensity and prolonging latex flowing time. We concluded that it was necessary to improve energy supplies for intensive tapping and the copper ion content of rubber tree latex could be considered as a standard to estimate tapping intensity.

### Instruction: Does cannabidiol fail to reverse hypothermia or locomotor suppression induced by Δ ( 9 ) -tetrahydrocannabinol in Sprague-Dawley rats? ### Response:

There is no evidence from this study that elevated CBD content in cannabis could provide protection from the physiological effects of THC, in rats.

### Instruction: Does miR-1228 promote the proliferation and metastasis of hepatoma cells through a p53 forward feedback loop? ### Response:

miR-1228 functions as an oncogene by promoting cell cycle progression and cell mobility and negatively regulates the expression of p53. p53 downregulation in turn leads to an increase in miR-1228 expression, thereby forming a positive feedback loop that contributes to cancerogenesis in HCC.

### Instruction: Does over-expression of small ubiquitin-like modifier proteases 1 predict chemo-sensitivity and poor survival in non-small cell lung cancer? ### Response:

SENP1 may be a promising predictor of survival, a predictive factor of chemo-sensitivity for NSCLC patients, and potentially a desirable drug target for lung carcinoma target therapy.

### Instruction: Is wnt signaling involved in 6-benzylthioinosine-induced AML cell differentiation? ### Response:

Both canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling were involved in 6-BT-induced differentiation of HL-60 cells, and played opposite roles in this process. Wnt signaling could be involved in the pathogenesis of AML not only by regulating self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells, but also by playing a role in the differentiation of AML cells.

### Instruction: Does ginsenoside Rg3 improve erectile function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats? ### Response:

Oral gavage with Rg3 appears to both prevent degeneration of neurons in the dorsal nerves and exert an antioxidant effect in the corpus cavernosum of rats.

### Instruction: Does serum alanine aminotransferase predict the histological course of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in Japanese patients? ### Response:

A lack of reduction in serum ALT level by at least 30% from baseline was a predictor for histological progression in patients with NASH. Serum ALT level is a better predictor of histological change than insulin resistance or bodyweight and can be a valid index in treatment. Serum ALT should be strictly controlled to prevent liver histological progression in patients with NASH.

### Instruction: Does hepatic Notch2 deficiency lead to bile duct agenesis perinatally and secondary bile duct formation after weaning? ### Response:

Cholangiocyte differentiation becomes progressively less dependent on NOTCH2 signaling with age, suggesting that ductal-plate formation is dependent on NOTCH2, but subsequent cholangiocyte differentiation is not.

### Instruction: Does recipient T cell TIM-3 and hepatocyte galectin-9 signalling protect mouse liver transplants against ischemia-reperfusion injury? ### Response:

Harnessing TIM-3/Gal-9 signalling at the T cell-hepatocyte interface facilitates homeostasis in IR-stressed orthotopic liver transplants. Enhancing anti-oxidant hepatocyte Gal-9 potentiates liver IR-resistance. Negative regulation by recipient TIM-3+CD4+ cells provides evidence for cytoprotective functions of a discrete T cell subset, which should be spared when applying T cell-targeted immunosuppression in transplant recipients.

### Instruction: Does contrast enhancement pattern on multidetector CT predict malignancy in pancreatic endocrine tumours? ### Response:

Correlating with the lesion grading and other histological prognostic predictors, CEP may preoperatively suggest the behaviour of pNETs, assisting decisions about treatment. Moreover CEP allows recognition of malignant small tumours, incorrectly classified on the basis of their dimension.

### Instruction: Does ketamine inhibit proliferation of neural stem cell from neonatal rat hippocampus in vitro? ### Response:

Ketamine inhibited proliferation of NSCs from neonatal rat hippocampus in vitro. Suppressing Ca(2+)-PKCα-ERK1/2 signaling pathway may be involved in this inhibitory effect of ketamine on NSCs proliferation.

### Instruction: Does iTRAQ-based quantitative proteome and phosphoprotein characterization reveal the central metabolism changes involved in wheat grain development? ### Response:

Our results revealed a complex quantitative proteome and phosphorylation profile during wheat grain development. Numerous DEPs are involved in grain starch and protein syntheses as well as adverse defense, which set an important basis for wheat yield and quality. Particularly, some key DEPs involved in starch biosynthesis and stress/defense were phosphorylated, suggesting their roles in wheat grain development.

### Instruction: Are low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d concentrations associated with increased risk for melanoma and unfavourable prognosis? ### Response:

Our data support the concept that serum 25(OH)D concentrations are associated with risk and prognosis of melanoma. Whether normalizing serum 25(OH)D concentrations in these patients improves outcomes will require testing in future clinical trials.

### Instruction: Does [ Descriptive study of healthcare professionals ' management of tick bite ]? ### Response:

We conclude that the performance of the healthcare providers that integrate this study does not closely follow general recommendations for extraction, treatment and follow-up care in patients with tick bites. Therefore, there is a need to improve the level of knowledge to ensure quality care in these instances.

### Instruction: Do left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and ejection fraction correlate independently with high-sensitivity cardiac troponin-T concentrations in stable heart failure? ### Response:

In patients with stable chronic HF, LVEDP and LVEF correlate with the serum concentrations of hs-cTnT, independently of other correlates of elevated plasma concentrations of hs-cTnT.

### Instruction: Does image-guided placement of long-term central venous catheters reduce complications and cost? ### Response:

This review supports the use of US for CVC placement with fluoroscopy in reducing the rate of procedural complications. Additionally, with fluoroscopic imaging, postprocedural CXR can be eliminated with associated healthcare savings.

### Instruction: Does exosome-mediated transfer of miR-10b promote cell invasion in breast cancer? ### Response:

Together, our results suggest that a set of specific microRNAs may play an important role in modulating tumor microenvironment through exosomes. Thus, a better understanding of this process may aid in the development of novel therapeutic agents.

### Instruction: Does biolimus-eluting stent with biodegradable polymer improve clinical outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction? ### Response:

BES, compared with SES, significantly improved safety and efficacy outcomes in patients with AMI, especially those with STEMI, at 5-year follow-up.

### Instruction: Does triptolide inhibit TGF-β1-induced cell proliferation in rat airway smooth muscle cells by suppressing Smad signaling? ### Response:

Triptolide may function as an inhibitor of asthma airway remodeling by suppressing ASMCs proliferation via negative regulation of Smad signaling pathway.

### Instruction: Are aerobic capacity and upper limb strength reduced in women diagnosed with breast cancer : a systematic review? ### Response:

Aerobic capacity and upper extremity strength in women diagnosed with breast cancer are generally lower than population norms. Assessment of values for lower extremity strength is less conclusive. As more research is published, expected values for sub-groups by age, treatment, and co-morbidities should be developed. [Neil-Sztramko SE, Kirkham AA, Hung SH, Niksirat N, Nishikawa K Campbell KL (2014) Aerobic capacity and upper limb strength are reduced in women diagnosed with breast cancer: a systematic review.Journal of Physiotherapy60: 189-200].

### Instruction: Is same-day intrauterine device placement rarely complicated by pelvic infection? ### Response:

Same-day IUD placement was not associated with higher rates of PID. Concern for asymptomatic STI should not delay IUD placement, and efforts to increase the uptake of this highly effective reversible contraception should not be limited to populations at low risk of STI.

### Instruction: Do obese first-degree relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes with elevated triglyceride levels exhibit increased β-cell function? ### Response:

We characterized FDR-T2DM subjects from central Mexico with NGT and revealed a class of obese subjects with elevated TGs and β-cell function, which may precede PT2DM.

### Instruction: Do identification of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ( MRSA ) strains isolated from burn patients by multiplex PCR? ### Response:

This study presented a high MRSA rate in the region under investigation. The 16S rRNA-mecA-nuc multiplex PCR is a good tool for the rapid characterization of MRSA strains. This paper emphasizes the need for preventive measures and choosing effective antimicrobials against MRSA and MRCoNS infections in the burn units.

### Instruction: Is coexpression of IQ-domain GTPase-activating protein 1 ( IQGAP1 ) and Dishevelled ( Dvl ) correlated with poor prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer? ### Response:

Coexpression of IQGAP1 and Dvl in the cytoplasm and nucleus was correlated with the lymph nodal metastase and poor prognosis of NSCLC, and coexpression in nucleus might play a critical role in the activation of canonical Wnt pathway.

### Instruction: Do ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used for pregnant women׳s health conditions in Menoua division-West Cameroon? ### Response:

Many herbal remedies used for the treatment of pregnant women׳s health conditions in Menoua division-West Cameroon have been revealed. It would therefore be judicious for our government and research institution to evaluate the therapeutic and toxicological potentials of these plants in order to valorize their use.

### Instruction: Does shexiang Tongxin dropping pill attenuate atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE deficient mouse model? ### Response:

Our results demonstrated for the first time that STDP attenuated atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE(-/-) mouse model. Moreover, STDP treatment exhibited multi-targeting effects on pathological, biochemical and molecular aspects of atherosclerosis implicating lipid regulation, fibrosis, inflammation and oxidative stress. Findings from the current study warrant further evaluation of the clinical application of STDP in atherosclerosis treatment.

### Instruction: Do aCTN3 R577X genotypes associate with Class II and deepbite malocclusions? ### Response:

ACTN3 577XX is overrepresented in subjects with skeletal Class II malocclusion, suggesting a biologic influence during bone growth. ACTN3 577XX is underrepresented in subjects with deepbite malocclusion, suggesting that muscle differences contribute to variations in vertical facial dimensions.

### Instruction: Is percutaneous intervention of circumflex chronic total occlusions associated with worse procedural outcomes : insights from a Multicentre US Registry? ### Response:

In a contemporary, multicentre CTO PCI registry, LCX was the least common target vessel. Compared with LAD and RCA, PCI of LCX CTOs was associated with a lower rate of procedural success, less efficiency, and a nonsignificant trend for higher rates of complications.

### Instruction: Does fiber supplementation lower plasma p-cresol in chronic kidney disease patients? ### Response:

Supplementing the diet of CKD patients with fiber may be a dietary therapy to reduce p-cresol and improve stool frequency.

### Instruction: Do antiphospholipid antibodies correlate with stroke severity and outcome in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome? ### Response:

In young stroke patients with APS, serum levels of IgM aCL within 48 h are correlated with stroke severity and levels of IgG anti-β2GPI within 48 h are correlated with three-month outcomes.

### Instruction: Are `` There bugs in condoms '' : Tanzanian close-to-community providers ' ability to offer effective adolescent reproductive health services? ### Response:

Although close-to-community providers are considered a key resource in the community, most have limited capacity to provide ARH services. Without capacity-building investments such as training and cooperation with the mainstream health sector, their contribution to positive reproductive health outcomes is limited, or could indeed lead to adverse outcomes.

### Instruction: Does engineered heart tissue transplantation alter electrical-conduction function in rats with myocardial infarction? ### Response:

EHT transplantation can improve electrical-conduction and function of MI rats.

### Instruction: Does protein kinase D1 deficiency promote differentiation in epidermal keratinocytes? ### Response:

Cre-recombinase-mediated knockdown represents an additional approach demonstrating that PKD1 is an anti-differentiative, pro-proliferative signal in mouse keratinocytes.

### Instruction: Is cD133 expression correlated with poor prognosis in colorectal cancer? ### Response:

CD133 expression is correlated with poor prognosis in CRC.

### Instruction: Does atomoxetine reduce hyperactive/impulsive behaviours in neurokinin-1 receptor 'knockout ' mice? ### Response:

This evidence that atomoxetine reduces hyperactive/impulsive behaviours in NK1R(-/-) mice consolidates the validity of using NK1R(-/-) mice in research of the aetiology and treatment of ADHD.

### Instruction: Do pre-treatment serum total bilirubin level as an indicator of optimal CPT-11 dosage? ### Response:

PTB can be used as a predictive marker of CPT-11-induced severe neutropenia and FN. In patients with PTB ≥0.8 mg/dL, the CPT-11 dose should be reduced to less than 80 mg/m(2) with weekly dosing.

### Instruction: Does the indole derivative NecroX-7 improve nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in ob/ob mice through suppression of mitochondrial ROS/RNS and inflammation? ### Response:

NecroX-7 treatment improved hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in murine NASH models. These effects occurred through the suppression of whole-cell ROS/RNS and inflammatory responses and suggest that NecroX-7 has a potential therapeutic benefit in steatohepatitis.

### Instruction: Does fluorescent labelling of intestinal epithelial cells reveal independent long-lived intestinal stem cells in a crypt? ### Response:

The use of our original lentiviral transgene system to mark individual organoid crypt stem cells showed that long-lived plural crypt stem cells might independently serve as intestinal epithelial cells, resulting in the formation of a completely functional villus.

### Instruction: Does noble-Collip Drum Trauma induce Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation But Not Acute Coagulopathy of Trauma-Shock? ### Response:

The systemic thrombin generation accelerated by insufficient antithrombin control leads to the consumption of platelets and coagulation factors associated with hyperfibrin(ogen)olysis. These changes are collectively termed disseminated intravascular coagulation with the fibrinolytic phenotype.

### Instruction: Does aminoguanidine inhibit ventricular fibrosis and remodeling process in isoproterenol-induced hypertrophied rat hearts by suppressing ROS and MMPs? ### Response:

Anti-fibrotic and anti-hypertrophic activities of AG were mainly attributed to its ROS quenching efficacy and its direct interaction with MMP-2 and MMP-9.

### Instruction: Is biliary-enteric reconstruction with hepaticoduodenostomy following laparoscopic excision of choledochal cyst associated with better postoperative outcomes : a single-centre experience? ### Response:

Laparoscopic excision of choledochal cyst with hepaticoduodenostomy reconstruction is safe and feasible with shorter operative time, ICU stay and overall hospital stay. It is not inferior to HJ in terms of short-term postoperative outcomes.

### Instruction: Do international observational study of nutritional support in mechanically ventilated patients following burn injury? ### Response:

Mechanically ventilated patients following burn develop substantial energy and protein deficits, with lesser deficits observed in survivors.

### Instruction: Is rs2070424 of the SOD1 gene associated with risk of Alzheimer 's disease? ### Response:

rs2070424 polymorphism of the SOD1 gene is a risk factor for AD in Polish population. Allel G and genotype AG and GG are protective factors for AD.

### Instruction: Is structural maintenance of chromosomes 4 a predictor of survival and a novel therapeutic target in colorectal cancer? ### Response:

Our clinical and experimental data suggest that SMC-4 may contribute to the progression of colorectal carcinogenesis. Our study provides a new therapeutic target for colorectal cancer treatment.

### Instruction: Is intermediate filament protein nestin expressed in developing meninges? ### Response:

In the present study, nestin positive cells gradually diminished in the developing and maturing meninges during the fetal period. This probably depends on initiation of a decrease in nestin expression and replacement with other tissue-specific intermediate filaments while the differentiation process continues. These differences can make significant contributions to the investigation and diagnosis of various pathological disorders (Tab. 1, Fig. 3, Ref. 36).

### Instruction: Is dorsal plication without degloving safe and effective for correcting ventral penile deformities? ### Response:

Penile plication is a safe and effective technique for correcting all directions of curvature. Dorsal plication without degloving produces favorable objective and subjective results comparable to ventral and lateral plication.

### Instruction: Is work disability related to the presence of arthritis and not to a specific diagnosis . Results from a large early arthritis cohort in Argentina? ### Response:

1. Work disability is higher in patients with inflammatory arthritis as compared to the general population. 2. Prevalence of work disability is comparable among patients with undifferentiated and rheumatoid arthritis. 3. Disease activity is the main disease variable associated with work disability.

### Instruction: Is the highly prevalent H3F3A mutation in giant cell tumours of bone shared by sporadic central giant cell lesion of the jaws? ### Response:

On the basis of our findings, H3F3A p.Gly34 Trp or p.Gly34 Leu mutations are not a frequent event in CGCL. If these alterations are confirmed to be exclusive of GCT, the assessment of H3F3A mutations may help in the differential diagnosis of GCT and CGCL of the jaws.

### Instruction: Is chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension associated with iron overload? ### Response:

CTEPH has no association with iron overload. The iron status evaluated by sTfR and ferritin is within the normal limits in this CTEPH population.

### Instruction: Does immunological profiling in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps reveal distinct VEGF and GM-CSF signatures during symptomatic exacerbations? ### Response:

CRSwNP patients demonstrate distinct immunological changes locally and systemically during acute exacerbation. Growth factors VEGF and GM-CSF may be involved in the immunopathogenesis of subjects with CRS and nasal polyps experiencing exacerbation.

### Instruction: Do adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes display a high prevalence of endothelial dysfunction? ### Response:

Adolescents with type 1 diabetes displayed evidence of endothelial dysfunction. Good metabolic control (glycated haemoglobin ≤7.5%, 58 mmol/mol) and regular physical activity of at least 4 h a week might be protective.

### Instruction: Do azo pigments and quinacridones induce delayed hypersensitivity in red tattoos? ### Response:

Azo pigments and quinacridones both triggered reactions with similar clinical aspects but with varying histological findings. Patch and prick test results were disappointing with both. Reactions occurred following laser use in 1 case.

### Instruction: Is neoadjuvant treatment response in negative nodes an important prognosticator after esophagectomy? ### Response:

Treatment-response lymph nodes detected from esophagectomy specimens in patients having undergone neoadjuvant chemotherapy or combined chemoradiation for EAC provide valuable prognostic information, particularly in patients with limited nodal disease. The current practice of considering lymph nodes lacking viable cancer cells, but with evidence of tumor necrosis, as pathologically negative likely results in understaging. Future efforts at revising the staging system for EAC should consider incorporating treatment-response lymph nodes in the analysis.

### Instruction: Do adult aortic valve interstitial cells have greater responses to toll-like receptor 4 stimulation? ### Response:

Adult AVICs exhibit greater inflammatory and osteogenic responses to TLR4 stimulation. The enhanced responses in adult AVICs are at least partly due to lower levels of Stat3 activation in response to TLR4 stimulation relative to pediatric cells. Stat3 functions as a negative regulator of the TLR4 responses in human AVICs. The results suggest that Stat3 activation (tyrosine phosphorylation) may be protective and that TLR4 inhibition could be targeted pharmacologically to treat calcific aortic valve disease.

### Instruction: Do pollen tube cell walls of wild and domesticated tomatoes contain arabinosylated and fucosylated xyloglucan? ### Response:

The results clearly indicate that the male gametophyte (pollen tube) and the sporophyte have structurally different XyG. This suggests that fucosylated XyG may have an important role in the tip growth of pollen tubes, and that they must have a specific set of functional XyG fucosyltransferases, which are yet to be characterized.

### Instruction: Do clinical events after cessation of lamivudine therapy in patients recovered from hepatitis B flare with hepatic decompensation? ### Response:

Cessation of lamivudine therapy after recovery from hepatitis B flare with decompensation was safe for most patients. However, 8.2% develop decompensation within 1 year and can be rescued by timely retreatment. With close monitoring, the stopping strategy could be a feasible alternative to indefinite therapy, especially in low resource settings.

### Instruction: Is miRNA-205 a candidate tumor suppressor that targets ZEB2 in renal cell carcinoma? ### Response:

miR-205 is a candidate tumor suppressor that targets ZEB2 in RCC.

### Instruction: Does the functional SNP rs3746804 in C20orf54 modify susceptibility to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma? ### Response:

A close association exists between functional SNP rs3746804 in C20orf54 and susceptibility to ESCC.

### Instruction: Does soluble CD30 predict late acute rejection or safe tapering of immunosuppression in renal transplantation? ### Response:

In two prospectively followed cohorts of renal transplant patients we found no association between sCD30 and the occurrence of either late acute rejection or acute rejection after reduction of immunosuppression.

### Instruction: Is generalized , severe , chronic periodontitis associated with anemia of chronic disease : a pilot study in urban , Indian males? ### Response:

Severe periodontal disease can be linked with anemic status.

### Instruction: Does progressive periodontal disease have a simultaneous incremental elevation of gingival crevicular fluid and serum CRP levels? ### Response:

C-reactive protein levels in gingival crevicular fluid and serum increased proportionately with the severity of periodontal disease. They correlated positively with clinical parameters, including gingival index, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment level. Thus, it can be considered as a periodontal inflammatory biomarker and deserves further consideration.

### Instruction: Is the anterior cingulate cortex a critical hub for pain-induced depression? ### Response:

Our results show that, at cortical level, the sensory component of chronic pain remains functionally segregated from its affective and anxiodepressive components. Spontaneous tonic pain and evoked allodynia can be experimentally dissociated. Furthermore, the ACC appears as a critical hub for mood disorders, including for the anxiodepressive consequences of chronic pain, and thus constitutes an important target for divulging the underlying mechanism.

### Instruction: Is the low level of glucagon-like peptide-1 ( glp-1 ) a risk factor of type 2 diabetes mellitus? ### Response:

From this study it can be concluded that levels of intact GLP-1 are an important risk factor for T2DM in the Indonesian population.

### Instruction: Does shinzami Korean purple-fleshed sweet potato extract prevent ischaemia-reperfusion-induced liver damage in rats? ### Response:

Shinzami extract and anthocyanins have a hepatoprotective effect on the liver damage induced by hepatic I/R by improving antioxidant status. Furthermore, the Shinzami extract may have a more potent effect on the antioxidant status compared with the Shinzami anthocyanins alone.

### Instruction: Does vagus nerve stimulation have antidepressant effects in the kainic acid model for temporal lobe epilepsy? ### Response:

The KA rats displayed anhedonia which was significantly decreased by VNS, indicating that this neuromodulatory treatment could likewise diminish depressive symptoms in patients suffering from temporal lobe epilepsy and comorbid depression.

### Instruction: Is epidermal growth factor receptor mutation associated with longer local control after definitive chemoradiotherapy in patients with stage III nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer? ### Response:

Our study is the first to show radiosensitive biology of EGFR-mutated tumors in definitive CRT with curative intent. This finding could serve as a credible baseline estimate of EGFR-mutated population in stage III nonsquamous NSCLC.

### Instruction: Is epidemic MRSA clone ST22-IV more resistant to multiple host- and environment-related stresses compared with ST228-I? ### Response:

Our results support our hypothesis that ST22-IV has a fitness advantage over ST228-I. This fitness advantage could have allowed ST22-IV to displace ST228-I without acquiring additional resistances and could help explain its epidemic success in hospital settings and its spread in Europe and beyond.

### Instruction: Is virological failure after 1 year of first-line ART associated with HIV minority drug resistance in rural Cameroon? ### Response:

Virological failure after 1 year of ART was not associated with minority drug resistance at baseline but with incomplete adherence. Strategies to assure adherence and uninterrupted drug supplies are pivotal factors for therapy success.

### Instruction: Is blood transfusion associated with recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy in Child-Pugh class A patients? ### Response:

These results suggest that blood transfusion was associated with recurrence of HCC after hepatectomy in patients with HCC and Child-Pugh class A.

### Instruction: Does transcutaneous oxygen tension measurements following peripheral transluminal angioplasty procedure have more specificity and sensitivity than ankle brachial index? ### Response:

The increase in TcPO2 measurements following PTA procedure has more specificity and sensitivity than does ABI. The use of TcPO2 may represent a more accurate alternative than traditional methods (ABI) used in assessing PTA results. The TcPO2 also allows the radiologist to assess changes in tissue oxygenation during PTA, allowing changes to the procedure and subsequent treatment.