Patent Application: US-201313772222-A

Abstract:
the invention provides a method of identifying biologically active compounds comprising : designing a first library of compounds of formula to scan molecular diversity wherein each compound of the library has at least two pharmacophoric groups r1 to r5 as defined below and wherein compound of the library has same number of pharmacophoric groups ; assaying the first library of compounds in one or more biological assay ; and designing a second library wherein each compound of the second library contains one or more additional pharmacophoric group with respect to the first library ; such that the / each component of the first and second library is a compound of formula .

Description:
the embodiments of the invention will be described with reference to the following examples . where appropriate , the following abbreviations are used . in order to fully enable the invention , there is described below methods for the preparation of certain building blocks used in the preparation of the compounds of the invention . the building blocks described are suitable for both solution and solid phase synthesis of the compounds of the invention . example a : synthesis of a 2 , 4 dinitrogen containing galactopyranoside building block the solid phase library synthesis of sugars is illustrated in scheme 1 . i ) 2 - naphthalene methanol , dmtst , dcm ; tca - wang resin , bf 3 . et 2 o , dcm ; iii ) naome , methanol ; iv a . kotbu , dmf ; b . mel , dmf ; v ) hf ‘ proton sponge ’, acoh , dmf , 65 ° c . ; vi ) a . kotbu , dmf ; b . mel , dmf ; vii ) 1 , 4 - dithio - dl - threitol , kotbu , dmf ; viii ) hbtu , fmoc - β - ala - oh , dipea , dmf ; ix ) piperidine / dmf ( ¼ ); x ) tfa , et 3 sih , dcm i ) 2 - naphthalene methanol , dmtst , dcm ; ii ) tca - wang resin , bf 3 . et 2 o , dcm ; iii ) naome , methanol ; iv ) a . kotbu , dmf ; b , 2 - bromomethyl - naphthalene , dmf ; v ) hf ‘ proton sponge ’, acoh , dmf , 65 ° c . ; vi ) a . kotbu , dmf ; b . mel , dmf ; vii ) 1 , 4 - dithio - dl - threitol , kotbu , dmf ; viii ) hbtu , fmoc - β - ala - oh , dipea , dmf ; ix ) piperidine / dmf ( ¼ ), x ) tfa , et 3 sih , dcm i ) 2 - napthalene methanol , dmtst , dcm ; ii ) tca - wang bf 3 . et 2 o , dcm ; iii ) naome , methanol ; iv ) a . kotbu , dmf ; b . 2 - bromomethyl - naphthalene , dmf ; v ) he ‘ proton sponge ’, acoh , dmf , 65 ° c . ; vi ) a . kotbu , dmf ; b . 4 - chlorobenzylbromide , dmf ; vii ) 1 , 4 - dithio - dl - threitol , kotbu , dmf ; viii ) hbtu , fmoc - β - ala - oh , dipea , dmf ; ix ) piperidine / dmf ( ¼ ); x ) tfa , et 3 sih , dcm the synthesis of the allose 2 , 6n building block is illustrated in scheme 2 . the reaction conditions are as follows : i ) p - methoxybenzaldehyde dimethylacetal , camphorsulfonic acid , n , n - dimethylformamide ( dmf ); ii ) tf 2 o , pyridine , dichloromethane ( dcm ); iii ) tetrabutylammonium benzoate , dmf , 55 ° c . ; iv ) bh 3 . thf , bu 2 botf , dcm ; v ) methanesulfonylchloride , pyridine , dcm ; vi ) sodium azide , dmf , 85 ° c . ; vii ) sodium methanolate ( naome ), methanol ; viii ) n - butanol , ethylene diamine , reflux ; ix ) dtpm reagent , methanol ; x ) benzoic anhydride , pyridine xi ) trifluoroacetic acid , triethylsilane , dcm the design of the libraries is based on the presentation of a positive charge and a crying number of aromatic substituents in different spatial arrangements on a monosaccharide scaffold . starting with a positive charge and one aromatic displayed on the core scaffold , actives from this first library were elaborated on by further variation and addition of more aromatic substituents to quickly identify highly active molecules . the first library of compounds comprises two pharmacophoric groups , known as a 2p library , in particular , one containing an aromatic and a positive charge . the library was designed such that each molecule presents two pharmacophoric groups in different relative orientation or presentation ( e . g ., distance , relative angle , i . e . relative position in , space is different ). actives from this library were identified and sar information from this library was used to design subsequent library of compounds wherein each compound may include three pharmacophoric groups , known as a 3p library . subsequent libraries with four pharmacophoric groups are called 4p library , etc . members of significantly improved activity were identified out of the second library and were selected for further drug development . thus , the molecules according to formula 1 are well suited for generating iterative scanning libraries , starting from a selected number of pharmacophores ( eg , two ) in the first library and designing subsequent libraries with additional pharmacophores based on sar information from the first library , thereby assisting in delineating pharmacophores . the 2p and 3p library of compounds were synthesized according to the budding blocks as described in examples a - g . the 2p library ( table 1 ) was designed to scan molecular diversity for 3p molecules , comprising an aromatic and a positive charge . the 2p library was screened for biological activity and the results are given in table 1 . similarly , the 3p library was designed to scan molecular diversity for 3p molecules . design of 3p library resulted from sar obtained from 2p library in table 1 . the 3p library was screened for biological activity and the results are given in table 2 . a visual analysis of the results according to table 1 ( 2p library ) and table 2 ( 3p library ) indicates that : 1 . 1 , 2 allose substitution according to formula 0 . 3 ( and scaffold c / d ) presents the most active arrangement of molecules in the library wherein z is oxygen , r 1 is naphthyl and r 2 is propylamine or ethylamine . these compounds represent most actives at low mm range , and are suitable candidates for further drug development . 2 . r 1 as naphthyl is more active than the corresponding p - chlorobenzyl substituent . 3 . 1 , 2 allose according to formula 3 ( scaffold c / d ) is more active than the corresponding 1 , 2 glucose conformation ( scaffold a / b ). 4 . 1 . 2 substitution according to formula 3 ( scaffold c / d ) is more active then the corresponding 2 , 6 substitution according the formula 4 ( scaffold g ) 5 . r 2 as propylamine and ethylamine are more active than methylamine wherein z , r 1 and r 2 are as described above . 6 . 2 , 3 allose substitution according to formula 3 ( scaffold c / d ) presents the more actives wherein r 2 is ethylamine , and r 3 is p - chlorobenzyl compared to corresponding r 2 as propylamine and ethylamine wherein r3 is p - chlorobenzyl substituent , and also wherein r 2 is methylamine , ethylamine or propylamine and r3 is naphthyl . 7 . 2 , 3 glucose substitution according to formula 3 ( scaffold a / b ) presents the more actives wherein r 2 propylamine and r 3 is naphthyl compared to corresponding r 2 as methylamine or ethylamine , and also wherein r 2 is methylamine , ethylamine or propylamine and r 3 is p - chlorobenzyl . 8 . 2 , 4 and 3 , 4 substitutions according to formula 3 ( scaffold g ) present the least actives . example h : in vitro screening of compounds against somatostatin subtypes sstr - 1 to sstr - 5 receptor membrane preparations containing the desired cloned receptor ( for example cloned human somatostatin receptor subtype 5 , sstr5 ) and radiolabeled ligand were diluted at the concentration required for testing and according to the specific parameters associated with the selected receptor - ligand combination , including receptor b max , ligand k d and any other parameters necessary to optimize the experimental conditions . when tested for competition activity to the reference ligand , “ compound ” was mixed with membrane suspension and the radiolabeled reference ligand ( with or without an excess of unlabeled ligand to the receptor for determination of non - specific binding ) and incubated at the temperature required by internal standard operating procedures . following incubation , the binding reaction was stopped by the addition of ice - cold washing buffer and filtered on appropriate filters , which are then counted . data analysis and curve - fitting was performed with xlfit ( idbs ). 10 mm solutions of test compounds in 100 % dmso were prepared , ˜ 160 μl was used for each dilution ( 20 μl / well in triplicate ). a 1 . 25 mm assay stock was prepared by making a 1 : 8 dilution of the 10 mm solution . to 30 μl of the 10 mm solution was added 210 μl milli - q h 2 o . a 1 : 5 dilution series in milli - q h 2 o was then prepared . assays were performed in triplicate at each concentration within the 1 : 5 dilution series : 250 μm , 50 μm , 10 μm , 2 mm , 0 . 4 μm , 0 . 08 μm , 0 . 016 μm , 0 . 0032 μm , etc . ( for sst4 assay and 125 μm , 10 μm , 2 μm , 1 μm , 0 . 5 μm , etc ( for sst5 assay ). human sst5 somatostatin receptor was transfected into hek - 293 ebna cells . membranes were suspended in assay buffer ( 50 mm tris - hcl , 1 mm egta , 5 mm mgcl 2 , 10 % sucrose , ph 7 . 5 ). the receptor concentration ( b max ) was 0 . 57 pmol / mg protein k d for [ 125 i ] sst - 14 binding 0 . 31 nm , volume 0 . 4 ml per vial ( 400 microassays / vial ), and protein concentration 1 . 03 mg / ml . after thawing the frozen receptor preparation rapidly , receptors were diluted with binding buffer , homogenized , and kept on ice . 1 . use multiscreen glass fiber filter plates ( millipore , cat no mafcnob10 ) precoated with 0 . 5 % pei for ˜ 2 hr at 4 ° c . before use add 200 μl / well assay buffer and filter using multiscreen separation system . 2 . incubate 5 . 5 μg of membranes ( 40 μl of a 1 : 40 dilution ), buffer and [ 125 i ] sst - 14 ( 4 nm , ˜ 80 000 cpm , 2000 ci / mmol ) in a total volume of 200 μl for 60 min at 25 ° c . calculate ic50 for sst - 14 ( a truncated version of the natural ligand sst - 28 ) ( auspep , cat no 2076 ) and sst - 28 ( auspep , cat no 1638 ). prepare serial dilutions ( 1 : 5 ) of compounds , as described above and instead of adding sst - 14 in well , add 20 μl of compounds ( table 3 ). 3 . filter using multiscreen separation system with 5 × 0 . 2 ml ice - cold assay buffer . 4 . remove the plastic underdrain and dry plate in oven for 1 hr at 40 ° c . 5 . seal tape to the bottom of the plate . 6 . add 50 μl / well scintillant ( supermix , wallac , cat no 1200 - 439 ). 7 . seal and count in the bjet , program 2 . table 2 biological activity of example 3p library object conc conc conc conc conc conc conc conc conc id scaffold r1 r2 r3 r5 500 250 50 10 1 . 0 0 . 5 0 . 25 0 . 10 0 . 001 * rt m + h 60 a x2 x20 x24 x24 ++ + − 3 . 88 419 . 21 61 b x2 x20 x24 x24 ++ + − 3 . 7 419 . 21 62 d x2 x20 x24 x24 ++ ++ − 3 . 8 419 . 21 63 c x2 x20 x24 x24 ++ ++ + 3 . 72 419 . 21 64 c and d x2 x20 x8 x24 ++ ++ ++ + − 4 . 98 65 c and d x2 x20 x8 x24 ++ 4 . 98 66 c and d x2 x20 x3 x24 ++ ++ ++ − − 5 . 25 67 c and d x2 x20 x3 x24 ++ 5 . 25 68 c and d x2 x20 x1 x24 ++ ++ ++ − − − 5 . 49 69 c and d x2 x20 x2 x24 ++ ++ ++ ++ + 5 . 23 70 c and d x2 x20 x3 x2 + − 5 . 85 71 c and d x2 x20 x3 x8 ++ − 5 . 61 72 c and d x2 x20 x3 x3 ++ − 5 . 51 73 c and d x2 x20 x2 x2 + − 5 . 95 74 c and d x2 x20 x2 x8 ++ − 5 . 45 75 c and d x2 x20 x2 x3 ++ − 6 . 46 76 c and d x2 x20 x8 x2 ++ − 5 . 7 77 c and d x2 x20 x8 x8 ++ − 5 . 01 78 c and d x2 x20 x8 x3 ++ + 5 . 37 79 b x2 x20 x2 x2 ++ − 10 . 31 80 a x2 x20 x2 x2 ++ − 10 . 88 81 b x2 x20 x2 x8 ++ − 8 . 02 82 a x2 x20 x2 x8 ++ + 8 . 68 83 b x2 x20 x2 x3 ++ − 9 . 39 84 a x2 x20 x2 x3 ++ − 10 . 24 85 d x2 x20 x2 x24 ++ ++ 50 . 92 86 c x2 x20 x2 x24 ++ ++ 54 . 37 87 a or b x2 x20 x8 x24 − − 3 . 78 495 . 59 88 a or b x2 x20 x8 x24 − − 3 . 86 495 . 59 89 a or b x2 x20 x3 x24 − − 3 . 95 530 . 03 90 a or b x2 x20 x3 x24 ++ + 3 . 97 530 . 03 91 a or b x2 x20 x1 x24 − − 4 . 5 571 . 69 92 a or b x2 x20 x2 x24 + − 4 . 33 545 . 65 93 a and b x2 x20 x24 x8 + − 4 . 13 495 . 59 94 a or b x2 x20 x24 x3 − − 4 . 33 530 . 03 95 a or b x2 x20 x24 x3 − − 4 . 33 530 . 03 96 a or b x2 x20 x24 x1 − − 4 . 77 571 . 69 97 a and b x2 x20 x24 x2 + − 4 . 52 545 . 65 98 a x2 x20 x2 x24 ++ + 5 . 45 545 . 65 99 a x2 x31 x2 x24 + − 5 . 07 559 . 67 100 a x2 x32 x2 x24 ++ + 5 . 05 559 . 67 101 a x2 x33 x2 x24 + − 4 . 79 557 . 66 102 a x2 x34 x2 x24 − − 6 . 24 613 . 77 103 a x2 x35 x2 x24 ++ + 5 . 85 585 . 71 104 a x2 x36 x2 x24 − − 6 . 33 599 . 74 105 a x2 x37 x2 x24 − − 6 . 72 599 . 74 106 a x2 x45 x2 x24 − − 4 . 96 573 . 7 107 a x2 x20 x46 x24 ++ ++ 4 . 22 530 . 03 108 a x2 x20 x47 x24 ++ + 4 . 87 564 . 48 109 a x2 x20 x48 x24 ++ − 4 . 98 530 . 03 110 a x2 x20 x49 x24 ++ ++ 4 . 43 546 . 64 111 a x2 x20 x50 x24 − − 5 . 44 552 . 66 112 a x2 x20 x51 x24 ++ + 3 . 78 546 . 64 113 a x2 x20 x52 x24 ++ ++ 5 . 71 564 . 48 114 a x2 x20 x9 x24 ++ ++ 5 . 89 545 . 65 115 a x2 x20 x53 x24 ++ + 5 . 8 564 . 48 116 a x2 x20 x54 x24 ++ + 4 . 43 546 . 64 117 a x2 x20 x55 x24 ++ ++ 5 . 71 564 . 48 118 a x2 x20 x56 x24 ++ ++ 6 . 9 587 . 68 119 a x2 x15 x24 x24 ++ + − 120 a and b x2 x15 x8 x24 ++ + 4 . 29 / 4 . 57 121 a and b x2 x15 x24 x1 + + 5 . 4 122 a and b x2 x15 x24 x2 ++ ++ 5 . 18 123 a and b x2 x15 x24 x8 − − 4 . 78 124 a and b x2 x15 x24 x3 + − 5 . 07 125 a and b x2 x15 x24 x4 + − 4 . 28 126 c and d x2 x15 x8 x24 ++ + + − − 4 . 97 127 c and d x2 x15 x3 x24 ++ ++ ++ − − 5 . 17 128 c and d x2 x15 x1 x24 ++ + ++ − − − 5 . 45 585 . 71 129 c and d x2 x15 x2 x24 ++ ++ − + − 5 . 18 559 . 67 130 a and b x2 x15 x4 x24 ++ 131 a and b x2 x15 x1 x24 ++ 132 a and b x2 x15 x2 x24 ++ 133 a and b x2 x15 x3 x24 ++ 134 a x2 x15 x3 x24 ++ ++ ++ ++ + 4 . 78 135 a x2 x15 x3 x2 ++ − 9 . 87 136 a x2 x15 x3 x8 ++ − 7 . 82 137 a x2 x15 x3 x3 ++ − 9 . 32 138 a x2 x38 x2 x24 − − 3 . 67 574 . 69 139 a x2 x39 x2 x24 + − 5 . 07 573 . 7 140 a x2 x40 x2 x24 ++ ++ 4 . 96 573 . 7 141 a x2 x41 x2 x24 − − 5 . 16 587 . 73 142 a x2 x53 x2 x24 ++ + 5 . 69 / 7 . 43 599 . 74 143 a x2 x42 x2 x24 − − 5 . 98 613 . 77 144 a x2 x15 x46 x24 ++ + 4 . 34 544 . 06 145 a x2 x15 x47 x24 ++ + 5 . 07 578 . 5 146 a x2 x15 x48 x24 ++ − 5 . 05 544 . 06 147 a x2 x15 x49 x24 ++ + 4 . 5 560 . 66 148 a x2 x15 x50 x24 − − 5 . 34 566 . 69 149 a x2 x15 x51 x24 + − 3 . 95 560 . 86 150 a x2 x15 x52 x24 ++ ++ 5 . 78 578 . 5 151 a x2 x15 x9 x24 ++ + 5 . 78 559 . 67 152 a x2 x15 x53 x24 ++ + 5 . 97 578 . 5 153 a x2 x15 x54 x24 ++ ++ 4 . 32 580 . 66 154 a x2 x15 x55 x24 ++ ++ 5 . 88 578 . 5 155 a x2 x15 x56 x24 ++ ++ 7 . 25 601 . 71 156 a x3 x19 x24 x24 − − − 3 . 39 389 . 14 157 b x3 x19 x24 x24 − − − 158 c x3 x19 x24 x24 − − − 3 . 38 389 . 14 159 d x3 x19 x24 x24 − − − 160 c and d x3 x19 x8 x24 − − − − − 4 . 8 161 c and d x3 x19 x3 x24 ++ − − − − 5 . 14 162 c and d x3 x19 x1 x24 + − − − − − 5 . 45 542 . 04 163 c and d x3 x19 x2 x24 ++ − − − − 5 . 2 164 c and d x3 x43 x24 x2 + − 3 . 45 165 c and d x3 x44 x24 x2 ++ − 4 166 a and b x3 x43 x24 x2 ++ − 3 . 59 167 a and b x3 x44 x24 x2 ++ ++ 3 . 97 168 a or b x3 x19 x8 x24 − − 169 a or b x3 x19 x8 x24 − − 170 a or b x3 x19 x3 x24 − − 171 a or b x3 x19 x3 x24 − − 172 a or b x3 x19 x1 x24 − − 173 a or b x3 x19 x1 x24 − − 174 a or b x3 x19 x2 x24 − − 175 a or b x3 x19 x2 x24 − − 176 a and b x3 x19 x24 x8 − − 4 . 88 / 5 . 61 465 . 95 177 a and b x3 x19 x24 x3 − − 6 . 06 / 6 . 52 500 . 39 178 a and b x3 x19 x24 x1 − − 9 . 09 542 . 04 179 a and b x3 x19 x24 x2 − − 7 . 43 516 . 01 throughout the specification and the claims ( if present ), unless the context requires otherwise , the term “ comprise ”, or variations such as “ comprises ” or “ comprising ”, will be understood to apply the inclusion of the stated integer or group of integers but not the exclusion of any other integer or group of integers . throughout the specification and claims ( if present ), unless the context requires otherwise , the term “ substantially ” or “ about ” will be understood to not be limited to the value for the range qualified by the terms . it should be appreciated that various other changes and modifications can be made to any embodiment described without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention . patel , y . c . 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