Patent Application: US-26795599-A

Abstract:
a method to improve the probability for good health and decrease the risk of cancer and disease comprising : controlling the indoor spectral radiation environment partial body exposure in an amount above 0 . 06 med , but not exceeding 0 . 2 med per day by irradiating the body with an artificial light source .

Description:
the above and other objects and advantages and novel features of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment of the invention illustrated in the accompanied drawings , wherein : fig6 is an adjustable window , 11 , of know construction which is currently available . the sections are positioned for intermediate ultraviolet transmission ; referring now to the sectional view in fig7 the outer frame , 12 , along with the side supports , 13 , are used to support the movable windows 19 , 22 , and 18 . the ultraviolet transmitting window is the outer window , 19 . the windows in the middle , 22 , and inner , 18 , units block the ultraviolet uv - b ( 280 - 315 nm ) radiation . a window insert , 24 , is held by a grommet , 27 . the window is guided along the track by the guide , 26 . the retractable pins , 34 , enable the window to be positioned manually using the handles , 31 . the pins are held engaged in positioning holes , 43 , by the springs , 45 , located in holders 40 . referring now to fig6 for maximum ultraviolet transmission , the inner window , 18 , is lowered so the outer ultraviolet transmitting window , 19 , is unobscured . for maximum blocking of the ultraviolet radiation the inner window , 18 , is raised to the top to block the ultraviolet radiation passing through the outer window , 19 . for intermediate ultraviolet transmission , the inner window , 18 , is positioned at an intermediate position as illustrated in fig6 . the uv transmitting window , 19 , has an insert , 44 , composed of material that is substantially transparent to light rays from the ultraviolet , visible , and part of the infrared solar spectrum . the uv blocking sections , 18 , and 22 , are substantially transparent to the visible and infrared solar radiation . the side frames , 13 , hold the windows and allows them to be positioned for high , intermediate or very low ultraviolet radiation transmission . to raise or lower a window the two positioning pin handles , 31 , are moved toward each other by actuator means to release the pins from the positioning holes freeing the window . the window is then moved up or down by actuators and the pins are released when the window is in the desired position . when the pins engage the holes the window is held in place and the actuators can be released . the material of which the ultraviolet transmitting window , 19 , insert , 44 , is composed is an optically transmitting material such as ultraviolet transmitting glass or plastic similar to the materials described by driscoll , 23 , and by sliney , 73 , hereby incorporated into the present application by this reference . briefly the materials are glasses such as pyrex , trademark , that transmit a fraction of the ultraviolet b radiation and are not extremely high in cost . other glasses such as vycor , trademark and fused silica transmit a higher fraction of the ultraviolet radiation but the cost is prohibitive for many applications . plastic materials such as corex - d , trademark , and plexiglas , trademark , have high transmission in the uv - b . however , many of the plastic materials are not solar resistant and darken upon long term exposure to sunlight and are satisfactory only for low exposure . the material of which the ultraviolet b radiation blocking inserts , 23 and 24 , are composed is conventional window glass or plastic . the general uv - b non - direct solar radiation environment in a room is increased when the uv - b transmitting area is increased . in any area with direct solar irradiation through a specularly transparent window the area irradiated by uv - b is increased when the uv - b transmitting area is increased . the direct irradiation is not altered . the risk of overexposure is reduced by use of a diffusely uv - b transmitting window 19 , insert , 44 , of the preferred embodiment . a meter can be used to measure the ultraviolet solar radiation transmitted by the window . estimates of the appropriate exposure for a person with paticular skin type is needed to determine the exposure time for window transmitted or lamp generated ultraviolet b radiation . fig8 is an adjustable ultraviolet transmission sunroof , 65 , for a vehicle , 60 . the outer element , 62 , is ultraviolet diffusely transmitting material . the inner sliding element , 64 , blocks the ultraviolet radiation and attenuates the visible light . by positioning the inner sliding element , 64 , the ultraviolet transmission can be adjusted . the method of operation is similar to the window in fig1 . the inner section , 64 , is partially transparent to visible light to avoid glaringly bright light transmission when the sun is overhead . a person receiving too little or too much ultraviolet b radiation can adjust the sunroof , 65 , for appropriate uv - b transmission . a person receiving sufficient uv - b radiation while outside the vehicle can position the sliding element , 64 , to block the ultraviolet b radiation . fig9 is a garment , 70 , with a first body portion , 74 , with a second portion 71 including sleeves 72 , with the second portion including a third portion 76 , including windows , 77 . the windows , 77 , are composed of material that is substantially transparent to light rays from the ultraviolet , visible , and infrared solar spectrum and in particular uv - b radiation . the material of which the windows , 77 , are composed is an optically transmitting material such as plastic , safety glass or woven fabric of plastic or glass fibers . the window , 77 , can be attached to the garment , 70 , using thread , 75 , and stitching holes , 73 , in the edges of the window . for some materials such as thin flexible plastic the stitching holes , 73 , are not necessary as the window can be machine sewn to the garment , 70 . a long sleeve shirt , 78 , can be worn under the coat to avoid overexposure during midday in bright cold environments such as in high altitude areas . the sleeves can be rolled down in midday for protection . in the morning and late afternoon the sleeves can be rolled up to provide uv - b exposure of the skin as needed . fig1 is a sectional view of the garment , 70 , taken along line 10 -- 10 of fig9 . the windows , 77 , in the sleeves , 7 , are attached by stitches 75 , to the inner fabric layer 79 , and the outer fabric layer 79a . fig1 is a garment , 80 , for protecting the skin from overexposure including body portion , 81 , and arms , 85 , 87 . a hood 82 , can be used to shade the head and neck . a novel feature is the pocket 83 , for stowing the hood when it is not in use . fig1 shows the garment , 80 , with the hood , 82 , stowed in the pocket 83 . the loose fitting garment body portion , 81 , allows ventilation for cooling by removal of humid air near the skin during hot weather . the material of which the garment , 80 , is composed is a fabric , 84 , such as white woven cotton strands . this material provides transmission of a very small fraction of the solar radiation suitable for exposure of the skin . the white color provides reflection of a large fraction of the solar radiation for maintaining coolness in a hot environment . this material for a loose fitting garment permits ventilation and allows moisture transmission and or absorption for cooling of the wearer by evaporation of moisture from the skin . referring now to fig1 , when a person is wearing the garment , 80 , indoors or elsewhere where the hood , 82 , to shade the head from sunlight is not needed , the hood 82 , can be stowed in the pocket 83 , as shown in fig1 . fig1 is a light fixture , 90 , having side walls , 91 , and end walls , 94 , for providing adjustable uv - b radiation and light in an indoor environment . it is particularly well suited for use in a bathroom to provide whole body exposure during bathing . the uv - b radiation is emitted from fluorescent lamps , 95 . stationary uv - b blocking diffusers , 96 , are located at the ends of the fixture , 94 . uv - b blocking movable diffusers 97 can be used to adjust the amount of uv - b radiation emitted by the unit . fig1 is a sectional view of the light fixture , 90 , along line 14 -- 14 of fig1 . referring now to fig1 the two fluorescent lamps , 95 , emit the visible , infrared and ultraviolet radiation . the portion of the radiation striking the diffusers , 96 and 97 , is partially diffused and partially absorbed . the material for the diffusers , 96 and 97 , is selected so that most of the visible radiation is diffused and most of the uv - b radiation is absorbed . this is a characteristic of most currently used diffuser materials . fig1 is an oblique view of the light fixture , 90 , with the movable diffuser sections 97 , positioned to block the uv - b radiation . positioning of the movable diffusers 97 , between the full open position shown in fig1 and the full closed position shown in fig1 provides intermediate levels of the uv - b radiation environment . by mounting the fixture 94 , facing upward on a wall , rather than on a ceiling facing downward , a more uniform indirect irradiation can be provided . in addition to providing a by mounting the fixture 94 , facing upward on a wall , rather than on a ceiling facing downward , a more uniform indirect irradiation can be provided . in addition to providing a more uniform uv - b radiation environment , the visible light environment is more comfortable for the eyes without bright ceiling sources of light . this is especially important for a reclining person in some situations such as in a hospital bed . a uv - b meter , not shown , can be used to adjust the movable diffusers , 97 , to provide the desired uv - b environment . for indirect uv - b lighting special ceiling materials are necessary . most materials other than metals have very low uv - b reflectance . fig1 is a skylight , 100 , having body portion , 109 , and lead screw , 102 , for positioning of the uv - b blocking element , 101 . a stationary uv - b blocking element , 104 , is located at one end of the skylight . fig1 is a sectional view along line 17 -- 17 in fig1 . a rider , 105 , on the lead screw , 102 , is attached to the movable uv - b blocking element , 101 . the stationary blocking element , 104 , is located near and parallel to the movable element , 101 , as shown in fig1 . the drive motor , 103 , can be remotely controlled to position the movable element to increase or decrease the area transmitting uv - b radiation . the outer element , 108 , diffusely transmits ultraviolet , visible and part of the infrared solar radiation . the outer element also serves as a weather shield for rain , snow , sleet and wind . fig1 shows an embodiment of the combined fluorescent and incandescent lamp fixture . the fixture is primarily for use in a bath room over a mirror , however , it can be used over a kitchen sink or other location . the fluorescent lamp can be used in the dark winter months to obtain ultraviolet skin exposure for formation of vitamin d . in the other months when sufficient or excess skin exposure is obtained from casual sun exposure the incandescent lamps can be used . the use of the incandescent lamps with very low ultraviolet radiation output during periods of sufficient sun exposure reduces the risk of skin cancer and other diseases associated with ultraviolet radiation overexposure . the fixture , 120 , includes a fixture mounting box , 121 , to which is attached a reflective plate , 122 . a fluorescent lamp holder epends from and is integral with box , 121 . lamp switch , 127 , controls the incandescent lamps , 125 , and a fluorescent lamp switch , 128 , controls the fluorescent lamp , 124 . the switches 127 and 128 on the side of the fixture can be used to select either the fluorescent lamp , the incandescent lamps , or both types of lamps . a convenient wall switch , not shown , can then be used to routinely turn the selected lamp ( or lamps ) on or off . this fixture has the advantage of ease of retrofit in many existing bathrooms . many baths have a fixture over a mirror . the wiring for an old fixture normally can be used for a new fixture . the existing switch or switch holder with new switch can be used for the new fixture . this eliminates the need for expensive wall and wiring modifications . another advantage of the fluorescent lamp fixture in the bathroom is the opportunity for exposing large areas of skin while in front of the mirror and while bathing . with large area skin exposure the vitamin d can be formed with an exposure that is a much smaller fraction of an med . also the cholesterol over a larger area of the skin is converted to vitamin d and other compounds . in the work environment normally only the head , neck , arms and hands are exposed to the light environment . only some workplaces have bare tube fluorescent lighting with significant uv - b for vitamin d formation needed in the winter . these workplaces have the disadvantage of providing additional uv - b for those who obtain too much daily solar radiation exposure in the summer . for those with increased weekend exposure , bare tube fluorescent lamp irradiation during the week can improve the day - to - day balance between weekday and weekend exposure . ultraviolet b lamp fixture for use over a shower or bathtub fig1 is a schematic view of a fluorescent lamp fixture , 140 , for whole body exposure during bathing . multiple lamps , 144 , are utilized for uniformity of irradiation and sufficient ultraviolet b exposure during the period while in the shower or a tub . a switch , 141 , is used to turn the lamps on and a timer , 143 , is used to automatically turn the lamps off to avoid overexposure . the lamps are supported in the frame , 142 . the frame , 142 , is mounted on the walls or ceiling . the lamps , 144 , have protective covers , 146 , to prevent breakage if bumped and to seal out moisture . fig2 is a perspective view of a fluorescent lamp fixture , 160 , for a hospital bed , the lower flap section , 163 , can be opened to the position shown for exposure of a patient to the ultraviolet b radiation from the fluorescent lamp , 168 . the bed lamp switch , 161 , is used to turn the lower bed lamp on . the timer , 165 , is used to turn the bed irradiation lamp off to avoid overexposure . the room light switch , 175 , turns the upper room illumination lamp , 173 , on or off . when the upper diffuser , 164 , is rotated up the room irradiation contains ultraviolet b irradiation . when the upper diffuser , 164 , is rotated down to cover the upper lamp , 173 , the diffuser blocks ultraviolet b radiation . the upper diffuser , 164 , transparent to visible light , transmits light for general indirect room lighting when rotated down over the fluorescent lamp . for patient body exposure to ultraviolet b radiation the lower diffuser , 163 , is rotated down to allow passage of the ultraviolet b radiation though the opening as shown in fig2 . following the irradiation period when further ultraviolet b radiation is not needed the lower diffuser , 163 , can be rotated up to block the ultraviolet b radiation from the lower lamp , 168 , but still transmit visible light for reading and general illumination . the diffuser , 162 , provides additional visual light diffuse transmission for reading and illumination . the opaque baffle , 167 , enables the bed and room illumination to be controlled separately using the switches , 161 and 175 . the wall mount fixture , 180 , shown in fig2 using a quartz halogen lamp , 182 , is smaller than the fluorescent lamp fixture , 160 , of fig2 for convenience for home use over a bed or other area . the lamp can be turned on using the switch , 181 . a timer , 183 , is used to turn the unit off to reduce the risk of overexposure . a shield , 184 , is used to shade the small bright source to reduce the possibility of eye damage and for general visual comfort . the reflector , 186 , directs the light toward the exposure area . the wall mount fixture , 180 , shown in fig2 using a quartz halogen lamp , 182 , is smaller than the fluorescent lamp fixture , 160 , of fig2 for convenience for home use over a bed or other area . the lamp can be turned on using the switch , 181 . a timer , 183 , is used to turn the unit off to reduce the risk of overexposure . a shield , 184 , is used to shade the small bright source to reduce the possibility of eye damage and for general visual comfort . the reflector , 186 , directs the light toward the exposure area . the internal components of the wall mount fixture , 121 , shown in fig2 include a support , 188 , the reflector , 186 , the quartz halogen lamp , 182 , the lamp holders , 185 , and the lamp shield , 184 . electrical wires for the lamp and switch are not shown . for higher irradiances the lamp can be replaced by a mercury lamp . the use of a bed for skin exposure enables a person to use both the supine and prone positions to expose both the front and back . most chairs enable front exposure but are not suitable for exposure of much of the back area . fig2 is an exercise cycle with lamps for exposure during exercise . the greater blood flow during exercise enables more of the body blood pool to circulate to areas near the skin surface for exposure during the exercise period . this provides winter indoor exercise conditions closer to the outdoor summer exercise environment . the device , 190 , includes a base , 212 , base supports , 202 , a seat , 220 , movable seat support , 198 , fixed seat support , 196 , handle pivot support , 219 , handle pivot , 224 , handles , 218 , handle linkage 214 , foot pedals , 204 , pedal linkage , 206 , pedal crank , 208 , light bar , 195 , light bar supports , 192 , and lights , 194 . the foot motion and seat arrangement provide exercise similar to riding a bicycle . the handle motion provides hand and arm movements similar to movements during running . the lamp , 194 , provides irradiation similar to the sun being above and behind the individual . a timer , not shown , is used to control the exposure period to prevent overexposure . the seat , 191 , can be positioned at different heights using the movable seat support , 198 , to accommodate persons with different leg lengths . the light arrangement provides irradiation of legs and arms in addition to the back . the use of lights attached to the exerciser enables exposure control with repeatable exposures on different days in comparison with non - attached lights without effective control of the lamp to subject distance . the use of shorts and short sleeve garments during exercise allows exposure of arms and legs . this enables vitamin d generation at low exposure doses . the exposure can reduce the cholesterol in the skin of the arms and legs . repeated use of the lamp exposure over long periods of time along with avoidance of dietary excesses of cholesterol can reduce arterial plaque and reduce high blood pressure , 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