Patent Application: US-201214114827-A

Abstract:
an amino acid conjugate of a cyclic or acyclic nucleoside phosphonate is provided . in some cases , the amino acid conjugate is a tyrosine alkyl amide phosphonate ester conjugate of a cyclic or acyclic nucleoside phosphonate , and is useful as an antiviral compound . in certain cases , the tyrosine conjugate includes a long chain alkyl group on the carboxamide group of the tyrosine residue . in a method of preparing an acyclic tyrosine conjugate , a tert - butyloxycarbonyl protected tyrosine residue containing a long chain alkyl group is reacted with an acyclic nucleoside phosphonate mono - ethyl ester in the presence of benzotriazol - 1 - yl - oxytripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate to produce a boc - protected nucleoside phosphonate di - ester , and the di - ester is deethylated and deprotected to produce the tyrosine conjugate . methods of inhibiting viral replication and methods of treating a viral infection using the amino acid conjugate are also provided .

Description:
in embodiments , the nucleotide , nucleotide analogue , or phosphonate analogue of a nucleotide or nucleotide analogue may comprise a naturally occurring base or an unnatural base . naturally - occurring bases include adenine , cytosine , guanine , uracil and thymine ; unnatural bases include , but are not limited to , 2 , 6 - diaminopurine , 8 - azaadenine , 2 , 4 - diaminopyrimidine , 5 - azacytosine , 7 - deazaadenine , and 7 - deazaguanine . in embodiments comprising a lipophilic c 6 or greater alkyl group , the alkyl group may be linear or branched . in particular embodiments , the alkyl group may be a c 6 - 20 alkyl , c 6 - 18 alkyl , c 8 - 16 alkyl , or c 8 - 18 alkyl group . the term “ amino acid residue ” means an amino acid lacking a portion of its structure due to , for instance , attachment of the amino acid to a nucleoside or a phosphonate moiety . examples include an amino acid residue without the oh portion of the amino acid α - carboxyl group , or lacking the h portion of the α - amino group . also included within the definition of an amino acid residue is an amino acid lacking a portion of its side chain , such as a tyrosine amino acid lacking the h portion of the side chain — oh group . a derivative of an amino acid residue is an amino acid residue having a portion of its structure substituted by an atom or molecular group . examples of such derivatives include , but are not limited to , ester derivatives having an — or group substituting for the α - carboxyl - oh group , where r is an alkyl or alkenyl group , and amide derivatives having an — nhr group substituting for the α - carboxyl - oh group . in some embodiments , r is an alkyl or alkenyl group . a dipeptide derivative is a peptide that contains two amino acid residues . an amino acid residue may be based on any one of the twenty common amino acids found in naturally synthesized proteins . in some embodiments , the residue provides for oral bioavailability of the compounds described herein . the residue may also be based on a modified or unusual amino acid . examples of modified or unusual amino acids include , but are not limited to , 2 - aminoadipic acid , 3 - aminoadipic acid , β - alanine , 2 - aminobutyric acid , piperidinic acid , 6 - aminocaproic acid , 2 - aminoheptanoic acid , 2 - aminoisobutyric acid , 3 - aminoisobutyric acid , 2 - aminopimelic acid , 2 , 4 - diaminobutyric acid , desmosine , 2 , 2 ′- diaminopimelic acid , 2 , 3 - diaminopropionic acid , n - ethylglycine , n - ethylasparagine , hydroxylysine , allo - hydroxylysine , 3 - hydroxyproline , 4 - hydroxyproline , isodesmosine , n - methylglycine , n - methylisoleucine , n - methylvaline , norvaline , norleucine , ornithine and homoserine . both the ( d ) and ( l ) stereoisomers of an amino acid residue may be incorporated into the antiviral compounds described herein , or salts thereof . when the configuration is not designated , the amino acid or residue can have the configuration ( d ), ( l ) or ( dl ). for the purposes of this application , unless expressly noted to the contrary , a named amino acid shall be construed to include both the ( d ) or ( l ) stereoisomers . in some embodiments , the d configuration is selected , or in other embodiments , the l configuration is selected , or a racemic mixture of both configurations is selected . in cases where the incorporation of one or more amino acids leads to stereoisomeric forms of a compound , the present application contemplates all such forms of the compound , including cis - and trans - isomers , r - and s - enantiomers , diastereomers , the racemic mixtures thereof , and other mixtures thereof , as falling within the scope of the application . additional asymmetric carbon atoms may be present in a substituent such as an alkyl group . all such isomers , as well as mixtures thereof , are intended to be included in the application . some embodiments are individual isomeric forms of a compound , which can be isolated for example by high performance liquid chromatography ( hplc ). in embodiments where a peptide is attached to a phosphonate analogue or a phosphonate moiety , the peptide can be , but not limited to , tyr - gly , tyr - ala , tyr - val , tyr - phe , tyr - leu , tyr - ile , ser - gly , ser - ala , ser - val , ser - phe , ser - leu , ser - ile , thr - gly , thr - ala , thr - val , thr - phe , thr - leu , thr - ile . preferred peptides are ser - ala , ser - val , ser - phe , tyr - val . in embodiments comprising an antiviral nucleotide , or the base - sugar analogue portion or base of a cyclic or acyclic sugar analogue of a nucleotide or nucleotide analogue that has antiviral activity , examples of antiviral nucleotides or nucleotide analogues include , but are not limited to , ( s )- hpmpc , ( s )- chpmpc , ( s )- hpmpa , ( s )- chpmpc , pmea , ( r )- pmpdap , ( s )- fpmpa , ( s )- fpmdap , ( s )- fmpg , ( r )- fpmdap , ( r )- fpmpg , ( r )- fpmdap , pmeo - dapy , ( r )- pmpo - dapy , 7 - deaza - pmeg , pme - 8 - aza - g , ( r )- pmp - 8 - azag ( see , fig1 ). antiviral compounds can be prepared as a salt , which may be a pharmaceutically acceptable salt . pharmaceutically acceptable salts are well known in the art and include salts prepared from pharmaceutically acceptable non - toxic acids , including inorganic acids and organic acids . suitable non - toxic acids include inorganic and organic acids such as acetic , benzenesulfonic , benzoic , camphorsulfonic , citric , ethenesulfonic , fumaric , gluconic , glutamic , hydrobromic , hydrochloric , isethionic , lactic , maleic , malic , mandelic , methanesulfonic , mucic , nitric , pamoic , pantothenic , phosphoric , succinic , sulfuric , tartaric acid , p - toluenesulfonic acids , and the like . salts formed with , for example , a poh group , can be derived from inorganic bases including , but not limited to , sodium , potassium , ammonium , calcium or ferric hydroxides , and organic bases including , but not limited to , isopropylamine , trimethylamine , histidine , and procaine . in embodiments that include a pharmaceutical composition , the composition may comprise a therapeutically effective amount of an antiviral compound , or a salt or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof . a therapeutically effective amount of a compound is an amount that results in an improvement or a desired change in condition for which the compound is administered , when the compound is administered once or over a period of time . for example , with respect to virus infections , the improvement can be a lowering of virus titer , or a reduction in the symptoms or discomfort associated with a viral infection . as is known , the amount will vary depending on such particulars as the type of virus infection , the condition being treated , the specific cidofovir compound utilized , the severity of the condition , and the characteristics of the patient . the pharmaceutical composition will typically contain a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier . although oral administration is a desired route of administration , other means of administration such as nasal , topical ( for example , administration to the skin or eye ) or rectal administration , or by injection or inhalation , are also contemplated . depending on the intended mode of administration , the pharmaceutical compositions may be in the form of solid , semi - solid or liquid dosage forms , such as , for example , tablets , suppositories , pills , capsules , powders , liquids , suspensions , drops , ointments , creams or lotions , preferably in unit dosage form suitable for single administration of a precise dosage . the compositions may include an effective amount of a selected compound in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and , in addition , may include other pharmaceutical agents such as another anti - viral agents , adjuvants , diluents , buffers , and the like . the compound may thus be administered in dosage formulations containing conventional non - toxic pharmaceutically acceptable carriers , adjuvants and vehicles . the amount of active compound administered will be dependent on the subject being treated , the subject &# 39 ; s weight , the manner of administration and the judgment of the prescribing physician . for solid compositions , conventional nontoxic solid carriers include , for example , pharmaceutical grades of mannitol , lactose , starch , magnesium stearate , sodium saccharin , talc , cellulose , glucose , sucrose , magnesium carbonate , and the like . liquid pharmaceutically administrable compositions may , for example , be prepared by dissolving , dispersing , etc ., an active compound as described herein and optional pharmaceutical adjuvants in an excipient , such as , for example , water , saline , aqueous dextrose , glycerol , ethanol , and the like , to thereby form a solution or suspension . if desired , the pharmaceutical composition to be administered may also contain minor amounts of nontoxic auxiliary substances such as wetting or emulsifying agents , ph buffering agents and the like , for example , sodium acetate , sorbitan mono - laurate , triethanolamine acetate , triethanolamine oleate , etc . actual methods of preparing such dosage forms are known , or will be apparent , to those skilled in this art . for oral administration , the composition will generally take the form of a tablet or capsule , or may be an aqueous or nonaqueous solution , suspension or syrup . tablets and capsules for oral use will generally include one or more commonly used carriers such as lactose and corn starch . lubricating agents , such as magnesium stearate , are also typically added . when liquid suspensions are used , the active agent may be combined with emulsifying and suspending agents . if desired , flavoring , coloring and / or sweetening agents may be added as well . other optional components for incorporation into an oral formulation herein include , but are not limited to , preservatives , suspending agents , thickening agents , and the like . in embodiments that include a method of inhibiting viral replication or a method of treating a virus infection , the virus may be a dna virus , which may include , but is not limited to , members of the herpesviridae , adenoviridae , polyomaviridae , poxyiridae , papillomaviridae , anelloviridae or parvoviridae families of viruses . examples of particular viruses include , but are not limited to , cowpox , vaccinia , monkeypox , smallpox , other poxviruses including variola virus and drug - resistant strains thereof , herpes simplex i , herpes simplex ii , cytomegalovirus , varicella - zoster virus , epstein - barr virus , human herpes virus type 6 , human herpes virus type 8 , papilomavirus , bk virus and adenovirus . the virus may also be an rna virus , which may include , but is not limited to , members of the retroviridae or hepadnaviridae . examples of particular viruses include , but are not limited to , hiv and hepatitis a , b or c virus . when inhibiting viral replication or treating a virus infection , an antiviral compound , or a salt thereof , or a combination thereof , may be applied or administered . the virus - infected cell may be in an individual , may be in an isolated organ , or may be in culture . an individual may be a person or an animal . the present invention may be better understood by referring to the accompanying examples , which are intended for illustration purposes only and should not in any sense be construed as limiting the scope of the invention . according to their antiviral activity spectrum , the anps can be classified to two categories : the “ hpmp ” derivatives , which are active against a broad variety of dna viruses ( examples include anps 1 and 2 ), and the “ pme ” and “ pmp ” derivatives ( examples include anps 3 and 4 ), which are primarily active against hepadna - and retroviruses [ 1 ]. from the structural point of view , the major difference between these two groups of anps consists in the presence of a hydroxymethylene function in compounds belonging to the first group , which allows their conversion into the corresponding cyclic derivatives followed by the attachment of an esterifying promoiety ( general structure 5 , fig1 ). for the compounds in the second group , formation of only acyclic derivatives 6 is possible ( fig1 ). amido tyrosine esters of cyclic ( s )- hpmpa and ( s )- hpmpc 8a - f have been synthesized as described in scheme 1 ( scheme 1 shows the synthesis of tyrosine chpmpa and chpmpc conjugates 8a - f , with reagents and conditions being : a ) pybop , diea , dmf , 35 - 40 ° c ., 2 h or overnight , and b ) tfa , ch 2 cl 2 , rt ). commercially unavailable nhboc tyrosine amino acid alkyl amides 7a - e were synthesized in our laboratory according to the literature methods [ 9 ]. the coupling reactions between ( s )- hpmpa 1 or ( s )- hpmpc 2 and amino acid derivatives 7a - e were performed in dimethylformamide ( dmf ) using diisopropylethylamine ( diea ) as a base and benzotriazol - 1 - yl - oxytripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate ( pybop ) as a coupling reagent at 35 - 40 ° c . the reaction was monitored by 31 p - nmr and stopped when chpmpa , which is firstly formed in the reaction , was no longer present . after solvent removal under vacuum , the residue was purified using column chromatography yielding boc - protected intermediates boc - 8a - f as mixtures of two diastereoisomers , major , ( a ) and minor , ( b ), in a ratio close to 4 : 1 . in the next step , the tert - butoxycarbonyl group was removed using trifluoroacetic acid ( tfa ) in dichloromethane ( ch 2 cl 2 ). the reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography , eluting the product with a mixture of methanol and dichloromethane with addition of a small amount of tfa ( v / v 0 . 5 %) to prevent decomposition of the conjugate during purification . the compounds 8a - f were finally precipitated from methanol by addition of diethyl ether ( et 2 o ) as mixtures of two diastereomers , major , ( a ) and minor , ( b ), in a ratio close to 4 : 1 . acyclic amido tyrosine esters of ( s )- hpmpa and ( s )- hpmpc ( 9a - f ) have been obtained via hydrolysis of the cyclic analogs 8a - f using 14 . 8 m aq . nh 4 oh at 45 ° c . as depicted in scheme 2 ( scheme 2 shows the synthesis of tyrosine ( s )- hpmpa conjugates 9a - f , with reagents and conditions : a ) 14 . 8 m aq . nh 4 oh , 45 ° c .). to increase solubility of 8b - f acetonitrile ( acn ) was added to the reaction mixture . in the case of 9a , the products were separated using hplc , whereas the acyclic compounds 9b - f were purified by silica gel column chromatography . in order to obtain tyrosine conjugates of pmea and pmp - dap direct pybop - mediated coupling of the promoiety with pmea was attempted as with the ( s )- hpmpa and ( s )- hpmpc prodrug synthesis . however , the acyclic hobt - intermediate of pmea was significantly more stable under the reaction conditions than the cyclic hobt - hpmp - based intermediate from ( s )- hpmpa or ( s )- hpmpc , and did not react with the promoiety . consequently , we developed an alternative method ( scheme 3 , which shows the synthesis of tyrosine conjugates of pmea ( 14a , b ) and ( r )- pmpdap ( 15a )). the first step involves masking one negative charge on the phosphonate group by preparation of the ethyl mono - ester ( 10 , 11 ), which in contrast to the tyrosine derivative is readily formed via pybrop - mediated coupling . conjugation of this derivative to the boc - protected promoiety is then performed by pybop coupling , giving rise to a mixed diester of pmea or ( r )- pmpdap ( 12 , 13a ). silyldealkylation by btms in acetonitrile regioselectively removes the ethyl ester , and methanolysis produces the final compounds 14a , b , 15a in moderate to good overall yields . conveniently , the amino group is also deprotected in one pot under these conditions . the newly synthesized amido tyrosine ester conjugates , as well as parent compounds ( s )- hpmpa , ( s )- hpmpc , their cyclic forms chpmpa and chpmpc , pmea and ( r )- pmpdap were evaluated for in vitro antiviral activity against various dna viruses including , human cytomegalovirus ( hcmv ), and two poxviruses ( vaccinia and cowpox viruses ). results are shown in table 1 . the routine growth and passage of kb cells were performed in monolayer cultures using minimal essential medium ( mem ) with either hanks salts [ mem ( h )] or earle salts [ mem ( e )] supplemented with 5 % fetal bovine serum . cells were routinely enumerated with a coulter counter model zf equipped with 100 mm orifice . kb cells were plated at 1 × 10 5 cells / well using 24 - well cluster dishes . the routine growth and passage of primary human foreskin fibroblast ( hff ) cells and methods for propagation and titration of virus have been previously described by turk et al . [ 10 ]. viral pools were prepared in hff cells and were diluted to provide working stocks . all viruses were titered using monolayer cultures of hff cells [ 11 ]. following incubation for three days ( poxviruses ) or 10 - 12 days ( hcmv ), the cells were fixed and stained with 0 . 1 % crystal violet in 20 % methanol and macroscopic plaques ( poxviruses ) or microscopic plaques ( hcmv ) enumerated . the effects of compounds on the replication all the viruses were measured using plaque reduction assays [ 10 , 12 ]. briefly , for poxviruses , the virus used was diluted in mem containing 10 % fbs to a desired concentration which would give 50 plaques per well in 6 - well cluster plates . after a 1 h incubation period , an equal amount of 1 % agarose was added to an equal volume of each drug dilution ( 100 μm and ending with 0 . 03 μm in a methocel overlay ). the drug - methocel mixture was added , and the plates were incubated for 3 days , after which cells were stained with 0 . 1 % crystal violet in 20 % methanol . similar techniques were used for hcmv differing in that 100 plaques were used per well in 24 - well cluster plates and incubation was approximately 10 days for hcmv . drug effects were calculated as a percentage of the reduction in plaque number in the presence of each drug concentration compared to the numbers obtained in the absence of drug . cidofovir (( s )- hpmpc , cdv ) and ganciclovir ( gcv ) were used as positive controls in experiments with poxviruses and hcmv , respectively . 50 % inhibitory concentrations ( ic 50 ) were calculated from the regression lines using the methods described by goldstein [ 13 ]. samples containing positive controls were used in all assays . effects of all compounds on hff cells used in plaque reduction assays were scored visually for cytotoxicity . cytotoxicity to kb cell growth was tested using a colorimetric assay . in hff cells , cytopathology was estimated at 20 - to 60 - fold magnification in areas of the assay plate not affected with virus infection and scored on a zero to four plus basis . cells were scored on the day of staining . in kb cells , the effect of compounds during two population doublings of kb cells was determined by crystal violet staining and spectrophotometric quantization of dye eluted from stained cells as described earlier [ 11 ]. briefly , 96 - well cluster dishes were plated with kb cells at 5000 cells per well . after overnight incubation at 37 ° c ., test compound was added in triplicate at eight concentrations . plates were incubated at 37 ° c . for 48 h in a co 2 incubator , rinsed , fixed with 95 % ethanol , and stained with 0 . 1 % crystal violet . acidified ethanol was added and plates read at 570 nm in a spectrophotometer designed to read 96 - well elisa assay plates . dose - response relationships were constructed by linearly regressing the percent inhibition of parameters derived in the preceding sections against log drug concentrations . the 50 % inhibitory concentrations were calculated from the regression lines using the methods described by goldstein [ 13 ]. 1 h and 31 p nmr spectra were obtained on varian 500 - mr and brucker amx - 500 2 - channel nmr spectrometers . chemical shifts ( δ ) are reported in parts per million ( ppm ) relative to internal cd 3 od ( δ3 . 34 1 h nmr ) and cdcl 3 ( δ7 . 26 1 h nmr ) or external 85 % h 3 po 4 ( δ0 . 00 31 p nmr ). 31 p nmr spectra were proton - decoupled , and 1 h and 13 c coupling constants ( j values ) are quoted in hz . the following nmr abbreviations are used : s ( singlet ), d ( doublet ), m ( unresolved multiplet ), dd ( doublet of doublet ), ddd ( doublet of doublet of doublet ), br ( broad signal ). the concentration of the nmr samples was in the range of 2 - 20 mg / ml . ms was performed on a finnigan lcq deca xp max mass spectrometer in positive ion mode . the names of the compounds were assigned using acd labs 12 . 0 . boc - protected tyrosine amides ( 7a - e ) were synthesized as described below . all other reagents were purchased from commercial sources and used as obtained , unless specified otherwise . boc -( l )- tyrosine ( commercially available ) ( 4 . 6 mmol , 1 . 30 g ) was suspended in dry ch 2 cl 2 ( 20 ml ) and the suspension was cooled to 0 ° c . before addition of n - hydroxybenzotriazole ( hobt ) hydrate ( 6 . 0 mmol , 0 . 81 g ) and et 3 n ( 5 . 1 mmol , 0 . 71 ml ). the reaction mixture was kept at 0 ° c . for 15 min before 1 - ethyl - 3 -( 3 - dimethylaminopropyl )- carbodiimide ( edc ) hydrochloride ( 6 . 0 mmol , 1 . 15 g ) and the corresponding alkylamine ( 5 . 1 mmol ) was added sequentially . the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight . an additional 30 ml of ch 2 cl 2 was added , and the organic layer was washed successively with 1 . 6 m citric acid ( 25 ml ), saturated nahco 3 ( 25 ml ), and saturated nacl ( 20 ml ). the organic phase was dried over na 2 so 4 and concentrated under vacuum . the products ( 7a - e ) were used in the next step without further purification . to a suspension of ( s )- hpmpa 1 ( 1 mmol ) in dry dmf ( 10 ml ), dry diea ( 10 mmol , 1 . 8 ml ), boc - protected amino acid 7a - e and pybop ( 1 mmol ) were added . obtained mixture was stirred under n 2 at 40 ° c . for 2 h or overnight . the reaction was monitored by 31 p nmr , and additional portions of pybop were added as necessary . after reaction completion dmf and diea were removed under vacuum . the residue was washed with diethyl ether and purified by silica gel column chromatography [ eluent : ch 2 cl 2 : acetone : ch 3 oh ( 60 : 30 : 0 - 10 )]. solvents were removed under vacuum to furnish n - boc protected compounds boc - 8a - f . tfa ( 2 ml ) was added to a solution of the boc - protected derivatives boc - 8a - f dissolved in dry ch 2 cl 2 ( 8 ml ). after stirring overnight at room temperature , volatiles were removed under vacuum . the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography for compounds 8a - f [ eluent : ch 2 cl 2 : tfa : meoh ( 89 . 5 : 0 . 5 : 0 - 15 )]. after removing the solvent , compounds 8a - f were precipitated with diethyl ether , filtered and dried in vacuum to give tfa salts of final products as white powders . in text below the diastereomers are denoted as a and b . overall yield 48 %. obtained as a tfa salt ; mixture of diastereomers ( s p / r p , 4 . 2 : 1 ). 1 h nmr ( 400 mhz , cd 3 od ): δ 8 . 36 ( s , 0 . 8h , 2 - h , ( s p )), 8 . 35 ( s , 0 . 2h , 2 - h , ( r p )), 8 . 29 ( s , 0 . 8h , 8 - h , ( s p )), 8 . 25 ( s , 0 . 2h , 8 - h , ( r p )), 7 . 33 - 7 . 30 ( m , 2h , aromatic ), 7 . 24 - 7 . 21 ( m , 2h , aromatic ), 4 . 77 ( ddd , j = 12 . 1 , 12 . 1 , 2 . 8 hz , 0 . 8h , ch a h b o , ( s p )), 4 . 67 ( dd , j = 14 . 9 , 8 . 4 hz , 0 . 8h , ch a h b n , ( s p )), 4 . 59 - 4 . 32 ( m , 4 . 4h , ch a h b o , ( r p ), ch a h b n ( r p ), ch a h b o , ch a h b n , ch a h b p and cho ), 4 . 21 ( dd , j = 14 . 8 , 4 . 3 hz , 0 . 8h , ch a h b p , ( s p )), 4 . 12 ( dd , j = 15 . 3 , 1 . 3 hz , 0 . 2h , ch a h b p , ( r p )), 4 . 00 - 3 . 97 ( m , 1h , chnh 2 , ( s p and r p )), 3 . 23 - 3 . 05 ( m , 4h , ch 2 ( tyr ), ch 2 nhco ), 1 . 46 - 1 . 41 ( m , 2h , nhch 2 ch 2 ), 1 . 35 - 1 . 24 ( m , 10h , 5ch 2 ), 0 . 92 ( t , j = 6 . 9 hz , 3h , ch 3 ch 2 ). 31 p nmr ( 162 mhz , cd 3 od ): δ 11 . 4 ( 0 . 81p ( s p )), 9 . 9 ( 0 . 19p , ( r p )). overall yield 60 %. obtained as a tfa salt ; mixture of diastereomers ( s p / r p , 3 . 8 : 1 ). 1 h nmr ( 400 mhz , cd 3 od ): δ 8 . 37 ( s , 1h , 2 - h , ( s p and r p )), 8 . 30 ( s , 0 . 8h , 8 - h , ( s p )), 8 . 25 ( s , 0 . 2h , 8 - h , ( r p )), 7 . 33 - 7 . 30 ( m , 2h , aromatic ), 7 . 24 - 7 . 21 ( m , 2h , aromatic ), 4 . 77 ( ddd , j = 12 . 1 , 12 . 1 , 2 . 8 hz , 0 . 8h , ch a h b o , ( s p )), 4 . 67 ( dd , j = 15 . 0 , 8 . 4 hz , 0 . 8h , ch a h b n , ( s p )), 4 . 59 - 4 . 33 ( m , 4 . 4h , ch a h b o , ( r p ), ch a h b n ( r p ), ch a h b o , ch a h b n , ch a h b p and cho ), 4 . 21 ( dd , j = 14 . 8 , 4 . 3 hz , 0 . 8h , ch a h b p , ( s p )), 4 . 12 ( dd , j = 15 . 3 , 1 . 3 hz , 0 . 2h , ch a h b p , ( r p )), 4 . 01 - 3 . 97 ( m , 1h , chnh 2 , ( s p and r p )), 3 . 25 - 3 . 05 ( m , 4h , ch 2 ( tyr ), ch 2 nhco ), 1 . 46 - 1 . 39 ( m , 2h , nhch 2 ch 2 ), 1 . 36 - 1 . 26 ( m , 18h , 9ch 2 ), 0 . 92 ( t , j = 6 . 9 hz , 3h , ch 3 ch 2 ). 31 p nmr ( 162 mhz , cd 3 od ): δ 11 . 4 ( 0 . 79p ( s p )), 9 . 9 ( 0 . 19p , ( r p )). overall yield 49 %. obtained as a tfa salt ; mixture of diastereomers ( s p / r p , 4 . 1 : 1 ). 1 h nmr ( 500 mhz , cd 3 od ): δ 8 . 35 ( s , 0 . 8h , 2 - h , ( s p )), 8 . 34 ( s , 0 . 2h , 2 - h , ( r p )), 8 . 28 ( s , 0 . 8h , 8 - h , ( s p )), 8 . 23 ( s , 0 . 2h , 8 - h , ( r p )), 7 . 33 - 7 . 31 ( m , 2h , aromatic ), 7 . 24 - 7 . 21 ( m , 2h , aromatic ), 4 . 77 ( ddd , j = 12 . 1 , 12 . 1 , 3 . 0 hz , 0 . 8h , ch a h b o , ( s p )), 4 . 67 ( dd , j = 14 . 9 , 8 . 4 hz , 0 . 8h , ch a h b n , ( s p )), 4 . 59 - 4 . 33 ( m , 4 . 4h , ch a h b o , ( r p ), ch a h b n ( r p ), ch a h b o , ch a h b n , ch a h b p and cho ), 4 . 21 ( dd , j = 14 . 8 , 4 . 3 hz , 0 . 8h , ch a h b p , ( s p )), 4 . 12 ( dd , j = 15 . 1 , 1 . 3 hz , 0 . 2h , ch a h b p , ( r p )), 4 . 00 - 3 . 97 ( m , 1h , chnh 2 , ( s p and r p )), 3 . 25 - 3 . 05 ( m , 4h , ch 2 ( tyr ), ch 2 nhco ), 1 . 46 - 1 . 40 ( m , 2h , nhch 2 ch 2 ), 1 . 35 - 1 . 25 ( m , 22h , 11ch 2 ), 0 . 93 ( t , j = 7 . 0 hz , 3h , ch 3 ch 2 ). 31 p nmr ( 202 mhz , cd 3 od ): δ 11 . 7 ( 0 . 81p ( s p )), 10 . 1 ( 0 . 19p , ( r p )). overall yield 33 %. obtained as a tfa salt ; mixture of diastereomers ( s p / r p , 3 . 8 : 1 ). 1 h nmr ( 500 mhz , cd 3 od ): δ 8 . 35 ( s , 1h , 2 - h , ( s p and r p )), 8 . 28 ( s , 0 . 8h , 8 - h , ( s p )), 8 . 23 ( s , 0 . 2h , 8 - h , ( r p )), 7 . 33 - 7 . 31 ( m , 2h , aromatic ), 7 . 24 - 7 . 21 ( m , 2h , aromatic ), 4 . 77 ( ddd , j = 12 . 0 , 12 . 0 , 2 . 8 hz , 0 . 8h , ch a h b o , ( s p )), 4 . 66 ( dd , j = 15 . 0 , 8 . 4 hz , 0 . 8h , ch a h b n , ( s p )), 4 . 59 - 4 . 33 ( m , 4 . 4h , ch a h b o , ( r p ), ch a h b n ( r p ), ch a h b o , ch a h b n , ch a h b p and cho ), 4 . 21 ( dd , j = 14 . 8 , 4 . 3 hz , 0 . 8h , ch a h b p , ( s p )), 4 . 12 ( dd , j = 15 . 2 , 1 . 4 hz , 0 . 2h , ch a h b p ( r p )), 4 . 02 - 3 . 97 ( m , 1h , chnh 2 , ( s p and r p )), 3 . 23 - 3 . 06 ( m , 4h , ch 2 ( tyr ), ch 2 nhco ), 1 . 44 - 1 . 40 ( m , 2h , nhch 2 ch 2 ), 1 . 35 - 1 . 27 ( m , 26h , 13ch 2 ), 0 . 93 ( t , j = 6 . 9 hz , 3h , ch 3 ch 2 ). 31 p nmr ( 202 mhz , cd 3 od ): δ 11 . 7 ( 0 . 80p ( s p )), 10 . 1 ( 0 . 20p , ( r p )). overall yield 53 %. obtained as a tfa salt ; mixture of diastereomers ( s p / r p , 3 . 8 : 1 ). 1 h nmr ( 500 mhz , cd 3 od ): δ 8 . 36 ( s , 1h , 2 - h ), 8 . 28 ( s , 0 . 8h , 8 - h ( s p )), 8 . 24 ( s , 0 . 2h , 8 - h ( r p )), 7 . 33 - 7 . 31 ( m , 2h , aromatic ), 7 . 24 - 7 . 21 ( m , 2h , aromatic ), 4 . 77 ( ddd , j = 12 . 0 , 12 . 0 , 2 . 8 hz , 0 . 8h , ch a h b o ( s p )), 4 . 67 ( dd , j = 15 . 0 , 8 . 5 hz , 0 . 8h , ch a h b n ( s p )), 4 . 59 - 4 . 33 ( m , 4 . 4h , ch a h b o ( r p ), ch a h b n ( r p ), ch a h b o , ch a h b n , ch a h b p and cho ), 4 . 21 ( dd , j = 14 . 8 , 4 . 3 hz , 0 . 8h , ch a h b p ( s p )), 4 . 12 ( dd , j = 15 . 4 , 1 . 2 hz , 0 . 2h , ch a h b p ( r p )), 4 . 02 - 3 . 98 ( m , 1h , chnh 2 , ( s p and r p )), 3 . 25 - 3 . 06 ( m , 4h , ch 2 ( tyr ), ch 2 nhco ), 1 . 46 - 1 . 40 ( m , 2h , nhch 2 ch 2 ), 1 . 35 - 1 . 25 ( m , 30h , 15ch 2 ), 0 . 93 ( t , j = 6 . 9 hz , 3h , ch 3 ch 2 ). 31 p nmr ( 202 mhz , cd 3 od ): δ 11 . 7 ( 0 . 77p ( s p )), 10 . 1 ( 0 . 23p , ( r p )). overall yield 36 %. obtained as a tfa salt ; mixture of diastereomers ( s p / r p , 3 . 0 : 1 ). 1 h nmr ( 400 mhz , cd 3 od ): δ 7 . 77 ( d , j = 7 . 5 hz , 0 . 75h , 6 - h , ( s p )), 7 . 73 ( d , j = 7 . 5 hz , 0 . 25h , 6 - h , ( r p )), 7 . 34 - 7 . 22 ( m , 4h , aromatic ), 6 . 01 - 5 . 98 ( m , 1h , 5 - h ), 4 . 69 - 4 . 62 ( m , 0 . 75h , ch a h b o , ( s p )), 4 . 55 - 4 . 36 ( m , 2 . 25h , ch a h b o ( r p ), ch a h b o , ch a h b p ), 4 . 27 - 4 . 23 ( m , 1 . 75h , ch a h b p ( s p ), cho ), 4 . 17 - 3 . 98 ( m , 3h , ch a h b p ( r p ), ch a h b n , ch a h b n ( s p ), chnh 2 ), 3 . 83 ( dd , j = 14 . 4 , 7 . 5 hz , 0 . 25h , ch a h b n ( r p )), 3 . 26 - 3 . 05 ( m , 4h , ch 2 ( tyr ), ch 2 nhco ), 1 . 46 - 1 . 43 ( m , 2h , nhch 2 ch 2 ), 1 . 35 - 1 . 27 ( m , 26h , 13ch 2 ), 0 . 93 ( t , j = 6 . 9 hz , 3h , ch 3 ch 2 ). 31 p nmr ( 162 mhz , cd 3 od ): δ 11 . 5 ( 0 . 75p ( s p )), 10 . 0 ( 0 . 25p , ( r p )). general procedure : tfa salt of tyrosine cyclic hpmpa prodrug ( 8a - f ) was mixed with 8 ml of nh 4 oh ( 14 . 8 m ). to increase solubility of 8b acetonitrile was added to the reaction mixture . the mixture was heated at 45 ° c . until reaction was completed ( reaction was monitored by 31 p nmr ). in case of 8a , the products were separated using hplc ( isocratic ; buffer : nh 4 oac , ph 5 . 5 , 30 % acn ). solvents were removed under vacuum and the samples were lyophilized . in case of 8b - f , the products were purified by subsequent washing with h 2 o and meoh . ( chpmpa is soluble in both h 2 o and meoh , whereas the acyclic prodrug is soluble in meoh only ). finally , acyclic compound 9b - f were purified from the corresponding amino acid n - alkyl amide using silica gel column chromatography [ eluent ch 2 cl 2 : ch 3 oh : et 3 n ]. overall yield 44 %. obtained as ammonium acetate salt . 1 h nmr ( 500 mhz , cd 3 od ): δ 8 . 20 ( s , 1h , 2 - h ), 8 . 18 ( s , 1h , 8 - h ), 7 . 14 - 7 . 13 ( m , 2h , aromatic ), 7 . 06 - 7 . 04 ( m , 2h , aromatic ), 4 . 48 ( dd , j = 14 . 5 , 3 . 7 hz , 1h , ch a h b n ), 4 . 41 ( dd , j = 14 . 5 , 7 . 0 hz , 1h , ch a h b n ), 3 . 92 - 3 . 68 ( m , 5h , chnh 2 , ch a h b o , ch a h b p , ch a h b p , cho ), 3 . 56 ( dd , j = 12 . 3 , 4 . 5 hz , 1h , ch a h b o ), 3 . 23 - 3 . 18 ( m , 2h , ch 2 nhco ), 3 . 13 ( dd , j = 13 . 6 , 5 . 5 hz , 1h , ch a h b ( tyr )), 2 . 94 ( dd , j = 13 . 6 , 8 . 1 hz , 1h , ch a h b ( tyr )), 1 . 51 - 1 . 48 ( m , 2h , nhch 2 ch 2 ), 1 . 35 - 1 . 32 ( m , 100h , 5ch 2 ), 0 . 92 ( t , j = 6 . 9 hz , 3h , ch 3 ch 2 ). 13 c nmr ( 126 mhz , cd 3 od ): δ 171 . 6 ( co ), 158 . 0 ( c 6 , adenine ), 154 . 5 ( c 2 , adenine ), 154 . 3 ( d , 2 j cp = 7 . 5 hz , cop , aromatic ), 151 . 8 ( c 4 , adenine ), 144 . 8 ( c 8 , adenine ), 132 . 1 ( 2ch , aromatic ), 131 . 4 ( ipso - c , aromatic ), 123 . 3 ( d , 3 j cp = 3 . 8 hz , 2ch , aromatic ), 120 . 6 ( c 5 , adenine ), 82 . 7 ( d , 3 j cp = 11 . 8 hz , cho ), 67 . 4 ( d , 1 j cp = 162 . 6 hz , ch 2 p ), 62 . 5 ( ch 2 oh ), 57 . 2 ( chnh 2 ), 46 . 3 ( ch 2 n ), 41 . 5 ( ch 2 nh ), 39 . 7 ( ch 2 c 6 h 4 ), 33 . 9 ( ch 2 ), 31 . 2 ( 2ch 2 ), 31 . 1 ( ch 2 ), 28 . 9 ( ch 2 ), 24 . 6 ( ch 2 ), 15 . 3 ( ch 3 ). 31 p nmr ( 202 mhz , cd 3 od ): δ 14 . 8 ( s ). overall yield 25 %. 1 h nmr ( 500 mhz , cd 3 od ): δ 8 . 20 ( s , 1h , 2 - h ), 8 . 19 ( s , 1h , 8 - h ), 7 . 15 - 7 . 13 ( m , 2h , aromatic ), 7 . 06 - 7 . 04 ( m , 2h , aromatic ), 4 . 48 ( dd , j = 14 . 5 , 3 . 7 hz , 1h , ch a h b n ), 4 . 41 ( dd , j = 14 . 6 , 7 . 0 hz , 1h , ch a h b n ), 3 . 99 ( dd , j = 8 . 3 , 6 . 3 hz , 1h , chnh 2 ), 3 . 90 - 3 . 86 ( m , 1h , cho ), 3 . 82 ( dd , j = 13 . 0 , 9 . 3 hz , 1h , ch a h b p ), 3 . 76 - 3 . 69 ( m , 2h , ch a h b o , ch a h b p ), 3 . 56 ( dd , j = 12 . 4 , 4 . 5 hz , 1h , ch a h b o ), 3 . 27 - 3 . 19 ( m , 2h , ch 2 nhco ), 3 . 15 ( dd , j = 14 . 1 , 6 . 1 hz , 1h , ch a h b ( tyr )), 2 . 95 ( dd , j = 14 . 1 , 8 . 5 hz , 1h , ch a h b ( tyr )), 1 . 52 - 1 . 49 ( m , 2h , nhch 2 ch 2 ), 1 . 35 - 1 . 30 ( m , 18h , 9ch 2 ), 0 . 92 ( t , j = 6 . 9 hz , 3h , ch 3 ch 2 ). 13 c nmr ( 126 mhz , cd 3 od ): δ 170 . 6 ( co ), 158 . 0 ( c 6 , adenine ), 154 . 5 ( c 2 , adenine ), 154 . 4 ( d , 2 j cp = 7 . 6 hz , cop , aromatic ), 151 . 8 ( c 4 , adenine ), 144 . 8 ( c 8 , adenine ), 132 . 1 ( 2ch , aromatic ), 131 . 4 ( ipso - c , aromatic ), 123 . 5 ( d , 3 j cp = 3 . 9 hz , 2ch , aromatic ), 120 . 5 ( c 5 , adenine ), 82 . 7 ( d , 3 j cp = 11 . 8 hz , cho ), 67 . 5 ( d , 1 j cp = 162 . 7 hz ; ch 2 p ), 62 . 5 ( ch 2 oh ), 56 . 9 ( chnh 2 ), 46 . 3 ( ch 2 n ), 41 . 5 ( ch 2 nh ), 39 . 1 ( ch 2 c 6 h 4 ), 33 . 9 ( ch 2 ), 31 . 64 ( ch 2 ), 31 . 62 ( ch 2 ), 31 . 60 ( ch 2 ), 31 . 5 ( ch 2 ), 31 . 3 ( ch 2 ), 31 . 2 ( ch 2 ), 31 . 1 ( ch 2 ), 28 . 9 ( ch 2 ), 24 . 6 ( ch 2 ), 15 . 3 ( ch 3 ). 31 p nmr ( 202 mhz , cd 3 od ): δ 14 . 9 ( s ). overall yield 38 %. 1 h nmr ( 500 mhz , cd 3 od ): δ 8 . 20 ( s , 1h , 2 - h ), 8 . 19 ( s , 1h , 8 - h ), 7 . 15 - 7 . 13 ( m , 2h , aromatic ), 7 . 06 - 7 . 05 ( m , 2h , aromatic ), 4 . 48 ( dd , j = 14 . 6 , 3 . 8 hz , 1h , ch a h b n ), 4 . 42 ( dd , j = 14 . 6 , 7 . 0 hz , 1h , ch a h b n ), 3 . 99 ( dd , j = 8 . 5 , 6 . 2 hz , 1h , chnh 2 ), 3 . 90 - 3 . 86 ( m , 1h , cho ), 3 . 82 ( dd , j = 13 . 1 , 9 . 3 hz , 1h , ch a h b p ), 3 . 76 - 3 . 69 ( m , 2h , ch a h b o , ch a h b p ), 3 . 56 ( dd , j = 12 . 4 , 4 . 6 hz , 1h , ch a h b o ), 3 . 26 - 3 . 19 ( m , 2h , ch 2 nhco ), 3 . 16 ( dd , j = 14 . 0 , 6 . 0 hz , 1h , ch a h b ( tyr )), 2 . 95 ( dd , j = 14 . 1 , 8 . 6 hz , 1h , ch a h b ( tyr )), 1 . 52 - 1 . 49 ( m , 2h , nhch 2 ch 2 ), 1 . 36 - 1 . 30 ( m , 22h , 11ch 2 ), 0 . 92 ( t , j = 7 . 0 hz , 3h , ch 3 ch 2 ). 13 c nmr ( 126 mhz , cd 3 od ): δ 170 . 5 ( co ), 158 . 0 ( c 6 , adenine ), 154 . 5 ( c 2 , adenine ), 154 . 4 ( d , 2 j cp = 7 . 6 hz , cop , aromatic ), 151 . 8 ( c 4 , adenine ), 144 . 8 ( c 8 , adenine ), 132 . 1 ( 2ch , aromatic ), 131 . 4 ( ipso - c , aromatic ), 123 . 5 ( d , 3 j cp = 3 . 9 hz , 2ch , aromatic ), 120 . 5 ( c 5 , adenine ), 82 . 7 ( d , 3 j cp = 11 . 8 hz , cho ), 67 . 5 ( d , 1 j cp = 162 . 6 hz , ch 2 p ), 62 . 5 ( ch 2 oh ), 56 . 9 ( chnh 2 ), 46 . 3 ( ch 2 n ), 41 . 5 ( ch 2 nh ), 39 . 0 ( ch 2 c 6 h 4 ), 33 . 9 ( ch 2 ), 31 . 66 ( 2ch 2 ), 31 . 64 ( ch 2 ), 31 . 62 ( ch 2 ), 31 . 60 ( ch 2 ), 31 . 54 ( ch 2 ), 31 . 33 ( ch 2 ), 31 . 26 ( ch 2 ), 31 . 1 ( ch 2 ), 28 . 9 ( ch 2 ), 24 . 6 ( ch 2 ), 15 . 3 ( ch 3 ). 31 p nmr ( 202 mhz , cd 3 od ): δ 14 . 9 ( s ). overall yield 46 %. 1 h nmr ( 500 mhz , cd 3 od ): δ 8 . 21 ( s , 1h , 2 - h ), 8 . 19 ( s , 1h , 8 - h ), 7 . 15 - 7 . 13 ( m , 2h , aromatic ), 7 . 07 - 7 . 05 ( m , 2h , aromatic ), 4 . 48 ( dd , j = 14 . 6 , 3 . 8 hz , 1h , ch a h b n ), 4 . 41 ( dd , j = 14 . 6 , 7 . 0 hz , 1h , ch a h b n ), 3 . 92 ( dd , j = 8 . 6 , 6 . 0 hz , 1h , chnh 2 ), 3 . 89 - 3 . 85 ( m , 1h , cho ), 3 . 81 ( dd , j = 13 . 1 , 9 . 3 hz , 1h , ch a h b p ), 3 . 76 - 3 . 69 ( m , 2h , ch a h b o , ch a h b p ), 3 . 55 ( dd , j = 12 . 4 , 4 . 6 hz , 1h , ch a h b o ), 3 . 26 - 3 . 19 ( m , 2h , ch 2 nhco ), 3 . 15 ( dd , j = 14 . 1 , 6 . 0 hz , 1h , ch a h b ( tyr )), 2 . 93 ( dd , j = 14 . 0 , 8 . 5 hz , 1h , ch a h b ( tyr )), 1 . 52 - 1 . 49 ( m , 2h , nhch 2 ch 2 ), 1 . 36 - 1 . 31 ( m , 26h , 13ch 2 ), 0 . 93 ( t , j = 7 . 0 hz , 3h , ch 3 ch 2 ). 13 c nmr ( 126 mhz , cd 3 od ): δ 171 . 3 ( co ), 158 . 0 ( c 6 , adenine ), 154 . 5 ( c 2 , adenine ), 154 . 3 ( d , 2 j cp = 7 . 7 hz , cop , aromatic ), 151 . 8 ( c 4 , adenine ), 144 . 8 ( c 8 , adenine ), 132 . 0 ( 2ch , aromatic ), 131 . 7 ( ipso - c , aromatic ), 123 . 4 ( d , 3 j cp = 3 . 9 hz , 2ch , aromatic ), 120 . 5 ( c 5 , adenine ), 82 . 7 ( d , 3 j cp = 11 . 8 hz , cho ), 67 . 4 ( d , 1 j cp = 162 . 7 hz , ch 2 p ), 62 . 5 ( ch 2 oh ), 57 . 2 ( chnh 2 ), 46 . 3 ( ch 2 n ), 41 . 5 ( ch 2 nh ), 39 . 5 ( ch 2 c 6 h 4 ), 33 . 9 ( ch 2 ), 31 . 65 ( 4 - ch 2 ), 31 . 63 ( ch 2 ), 31 . 62 ( ch 2 ), 31 . 60 ( ch 2 ), 31 . 5 ( ch 2 ), 31 . 33 ( ch 2 ), 31 . 26 ( ch 2 ), 31 . 15 ( ch 2 ), 28 . 9 ( ch 2 ), 24 . 6 ( ch 2 ), 15 . 3 ( ch 3 ). 31 p nmr ( 202 mhz , cd 3 od ): δ 14 . 9 ( s ). overall yield 47 %. 1 h nmr ( 500 mhz , cd 3 od ): δ 8 . 20 ( s , 1h , 2 - h ), 8 . 19 ( s , 1h , 8 - h ), 7 . 15 - 7 . 13 ( m , 2h , aromatic ), 7 . 06 - 7 . 05 ( m , 2h , aromatic ), 4 . 48 ( dd , j = 14 . 6 , 3 . 8 hz , 1h , ch a h b n ), 4 . 42 ( dd , j = 14 . 6 , 7 . 0 hz , 1h , ch a h b n ), 3 . 99 ( dd , j = 8 . 5 , 6 . 2 hz , 1h , chnh 2 ), 3 . 90 - 3 . 86 ( m , 1h , cho ), 3 . 82 ( dd , j = 13 . 1 , 9 . 3 hz , 1h , ch a h b p ), 3 . 76 - 3 . 69 ( m , 2h , ch a h b o , ch a h b p ), 3 . 56 ( dd , j = 12 . 4 , 4 . 6 hz , 1h , ch a h b o ), 3 . 27 - 3 . 19 ( m , 2h , ch 2 nhco ), 3 . 16 ( dd , j = 14 . 1 , 6 . 0 hz , 1h , ch a h b ( tyr )), 2 . 95 ( dd , j = 14 . 1 , 8 . 6 hz , 1h , ch a h b ( tyr )), 1 . 52 - 1 . 49 ( m , 2h , nhch 2 ch 2 ), 1 . 36 - 1 . 30 ( m , 30h , 15ch 2 ), 0 . 93 ( t , j = 6 . 9 hz , 3h , ch 3 ch 2 ). 13 c nmr ( 126 mhz , cd 3 od ): δ 170 . 5 ( co ), 158 . 0 ( c 6 , adenine ), 154 . 5 ( c 2 , adenine ), 154 . 4 ( d , 2 j cp = 7 . 7 hz , cop , aromatic ), 151 . 8 ( c 4 , adenine ), 144 . 8 ( c 8 , adenine ), 132 . 1 ( 2ch , aromatic ), 131 . 4 ( ipso - c , aromatic ), 123 . 5 ( d , 3 j cp = 3 . 9 hz , 2ch , aromatic ), 120 . 5 ( c 5 , adenine ), 82 . 7 ( d , 3 j cp = 11 . 8 hz , cho ), 67 . 5 ( d , 1 j cp = 162 . 6 hz , ch 2 p ), 62 . 5 ( ch 2 oh ), 56 . 9 ( chnh 2 ), 46 . 3 ( ch 2 n ), 41 . 6 ( ch 2 nh ), 39 . 1 ( ch 2 c 6 h 4 ), 33 . 9 ( ch 2 ), 31 . 65 ( 7ch 2 ), 31 . 62 ( ch 2 ), 31 . 61 ( ch 2 ), 31 . 55 ( ch 2 ), 31 . 34 ( ch 2 ), 31 . 26 ( ch 2 ), 31 . 15 ( ch 2 ), 28 . 9 ( ch 2 ), 24 . 6 ( ch 2 ), 15 . 3 ( ch 3 ). 31 p nmr ( 202 mhz , cd 3 od ): δ 14 . 9 ( s ). overall yield 45 %. 1 h nmr ( 500 mhz , cd 3 od ): δ 7 . 63 ( s , 1h , 6 - h ), 7 . 19 - 7 . 17 ( m , 2h , aromatic ), 7 . 13 - 7 . 11 ( m , 2h , aromatic ), 5 . 82 ( s , 1h , 5 - h ), 4 . 06 ( dd , j = 13 . 9 , 3 . 4 hz , 1h , ch a h b n ), 3 . 90 - 3 . 87 ( m , 1h , chnh 2 ), 3 . 85 - 3 . 80 ( m , 2h , ch a h b n , ch a h b p ), 3 . 76 - 3 . 68 ( m , 3h , ch a h b o , ch a h b p , cho ), 3 . 53 ( dd , j = 12 . 0 , 3 . 8 hz , 1h , ch a h b o ), 3 . 21 ( t , 2h , ch 2 ch 2 nh ), 3 . 13 ( dd , j = 13 . 9 , 6 . 0 hz , 1h , ch a h b ( tyr )), 2 . 91 ( dd , j = 14 . 0 , 8 . 5 hz , 1h , ch a h b ( tyr )), 1 . 53 - 1 . 50 ( m , 2h , ch 2 ch 2 nh ), 1 . 34 - 1 . 32 ( m , 26h , 13ch 2 ), 0 . 93 ( t , j = 6 . 9 hz , 3h , ch 3 ch 2 ). 13 c nmr ( 126 mhz , cd 3 od ): δ 172 . 0 ( conh ), 168 . 8 ( ncon ), 160 . 2 ( cnh 2 ), 154 . 3 ( d , 2 j cp = 7 . 3 hz , cop , aromatic ), 149 . 8 ( c 6 , cytosine ), 132 . 2 ( 2ch , aromatic ), 131 . 4 ( ipso - c , aromatic ), 123 . 3 ( d , 3 j cp = 4 . 0 hz , 2ch , aromatic ), 96 . 5 ( c 5 , cytosine ), 82 . 3 ( d , 3 j cp = 12 . 2 hz , cho ), 67 . 2 ( d , 1 j cp = 161 . 6 hz , ch 2 p ), 62 . 5 ( ch 2 oh ), 57 . 3 ( chnh 2 ), 52 . 4 ( ch 2 n ), 41 . 5 ( ch 2 nh ), 39 . 9 ( ch 2 c 6 h 4 ), 33 . 9 ( ch 2 ), 31 . 66 ( 5ch 2 ), 31 . 62 ( ch 2 ), 31 . 61 ( ch 2 ), 31 . 56 ( ch 2 ), 31 . 34 ( ch 2 ), 31 . 28 ( ch 2 ), 31 . 18 ( ch 2 ), 28 . 9 ( ch 2 ), 24 . 6 ( ch 2 ), 15 . 3 ( ch 3 ). 31 p nmr ( 202 mhz , cd 3 od ): δ 14 . 7 ( s ). 1 h nmr ( 400 mhz , d 2 o ): δ 8 . 17 ( s , 1h , 8 - h ), 8 . 14 ( s , 1h , 2 - h ), 4 . 28 - 4 . 01 ( m , 5h ), 3 . 79 ( dd , 2 j hp = 8 . 4 hz , j gem = 14 . 1 hz ), 3 . 54 ( dd , 2 j hp = 2 . 3 hz , j gem = 14 . 1 hz ). 31 p nmr ( 202 mhz , d 2 o ): δ 9 . 23 ( s ). to a suspension of pmea or ( r )- pmpdap ( 0 . 2 mmol ) in dry dmf ( 5 ml ), dry diea ( 2 . 0 mmol ) was added . the reaction flask was warmed by a heat gun to facilitate the dissolution of the pmea / pmpdap salt . the volatiles were then removed under vacuum . the procedure was repeated twice . to the residue , anhydrous dmf ( 1 . 5 ml ), anhydrous diea ( 2 . 0 mmol ), anhydrous etoh ( 8 . 0 mmol ), and pybrop ( 0 . 3 mmol ) were added consequently . the reaction mixture was stirred under n 2 at 40 ° c . overnight . the reaction was monitored by 31 p nmr for the appearance of a peak at 10 - 11 ppm . after reaction was complete , dmf , diea and etoh were removed under vacuum . the residue was co - evaporated twice with dmf to remove etoh traces and dried under vacuum to give mono - ethyl ester of pmea or pmpdap in yield 60 - 76 % used for the next step without further purification . to a suspension of mono - ethyl ester of pmea ( 10 ) or pmpdap ( 11 ) ( 0 . 15 mmol ) in anhydrous dmf ( 2 ml ), anhydrous diea ( 1 . 5 mmol ), relevant boc - protected amino acid ( 0 . 6 mmol ) was added following by the addition of pybop ( 0 . 3 mmol ). the reaction mixture was stirred under n 2 at 40 ° c . for 2 h . the reaction was monitored by 31 p nmr , and additional portions of pybop were added as necessary . after reaction was complete , dmf and diea were removed under vacuum . the residue was extracted with diethyl ether and purified by silica gel column chromatography [ ch 2 cl 2 , ch 2 cl 2 : ch 3 oh ( gradient )]. solvents were removed under vacuum to furnish boc - protected mixed diester of pmea ( 12a , b ) or pmpdap ( 13 ) in 67 - 85 % yield . 1 h nmr ( 500 mhz , cd 3 od ): δ 8 . 21 and 8 . 11 ( s , 2h , h — c 2 and h — c 8 , adenine ), 7 . 19 ( d , j = 7 . 8 hz , 2h , aromatic ), 6 . 97 ( d , j = 8 . 3 hz , 2h , aromatic ), 4 . 46 ( t , j = 4 . 9 hz , 2h , ch 2 n ), 4 . 24 ( m , 1h , chnh 2 ( tyr )), 4 . 13 ( m , 2h , och 2 ch 3 ), 4 . 03 ( 2dd , 2h , ch 2 p ), 3 . 99 ( t , j = 4 . 7 hz , 2h , ch 2 o ), 3 . 15 ( m , 2h , ch 2 n ( c 8 h 17 )), 3 . 03 ( dd , j = 13 . 7 , 6 . 4 hz , 1h , ch a h b ( tyr )), 2 . 83 ( dd , j = 13 . 7 , 8 . 8 hz , 1h , ch a h b ( tyr )), 1 . 39 ( s , 9h , ( ch 3 ) 3 ), 1 . 29 ( m , 12h , ( ch 2 ) 6 ), 1 . 25 ( t , j = 7 . 3 hz , och 2 ch 3 ), 0 . 91 ( t , j = 6 . 9 hz , 3h , ch 3 ). 31 p nmr ( 202 mhz , cd 3 od ): δ 18 . 29 1 h nmr ( 500 mhz , cd 3 od ): δ 8 . 23 and 8 . 12 ( s , 2h , h — c 2 and h — c 8 , adenine ), 7 . 20 ( d , j = 7 . 8 hz , 2h , aromatic ), 6 . 98 ( d , j = 7 . 9 hz , 2h , aromatic ), 4 . 47 ( t , j = 4 . 9 hz , 2h , ch 2 ), 4 . 25 ( m , 1h , chnh 2 ( tyr )), 4 . 15 ( m , 2h , och 2 ch 3 ), 4 . 05 ( m , 2h , ch 2 p ), 4 . 00 ( m , 2h , ch 2 ), 3 . 17 ( m , 2h , ch 2 n ( c 16 h 33 )), 3 . 04 ( dd , j = 13 . 7 , 5 . 8 hz , 1h , ch a h b ( tyr )), 2 . 84 ( dd , j = 13 . 7 , 8 . 8 hz , 1h , ch a h b ( tyr )), 1 . 5 - 1 . 24 ( m , 40h , ( ch 3 ) 3 , ( ch 2 ) 14 ), och 2 ch 3 ), 0 . 93 ( t , j = 6 . 9 hz , 3h , ch 3 ). 31 p nmr ( 202 mhz , cd 3 od ): δ 20 . 42 1 h nmr ( 500 mhz , cd 3 od ): δ 7 . 75 , 7 . 73 ( 2s , 1h , h — c 8 , dap ), 7 . 21 , 7 . 16 , 7 . 0 , 6 . 92 ( 4d , j = 8 . 3 hz , 4h , aromatic ), 4 . 25 - 3 . 95 ( m , 7h , ch 2 n , chnh 2 ( tyr ), och 2 ch 3 , cho , ch a h b p ), 3 . 86 ( 2d , 1h , ch a h b p ), 3 . 13 ( m , 2h , ch 2 n ( c 8 h 17 )), 3 . 01 ( m , 1h , ch a h b ( tyr )), 2 . 81 ( dd , j = 13 . 7 , 8 . 4 hz , 1h , ch a h b ( tyr )), 1 . 45 - 1 . 19 ( m , ( ch 3 ) 3 , ( ch 2 ) 6 ), och 2 ch 3 ), 0 . 88 ( t , j = 6 . 9 hz , 3h , ch 3 ). 31 p nmr ( 202 mhz , cd 3 od ): δ 20 . 0 , 19 . 3 boc - protected mixed diester of pmea or pmpdap ( 0 . 1 mmol ) was dissolved in 3 ml of anhydrous ch 3 cn following by addition of btms ( 1 . 0 mmol ). the mixture was refluxed during 4 h . btms was removed under vacuum and mixture was co - evaporated with ch 3 cn twice before the residue was re - dissolved in meoh . meoh was then removed under vacuum and the residue was purified by precipitation using etoh and et 2 o to provide final compounds as hbr salts in 25 - 53 % overall yields . 1 h nmr ( 500 mhz , cd 3 od ): δ 8 . 42 ( s , 2h , h — c 2 and h — c , adenine ), 7 . 26 ( d , j = 8 . 3 hz , 2h , aromatic ), 7 . 15 ( d , j = 7 . 8 hz , 2h , aromatic ), 4 . 58 ( t , j = 4 . 9 hz , 2h , ch 2 ), 4 . 05 ( t , j = 5 . 1 hz , 2h , ch 2 ), 4 . 01 ( t , j = 7 . 3 hz , 1h , chnh 2 ( tyr )), 3 . 93 ( d , j = 8 . 3 hz , 2h , ch 2 p ), 3 . 25 - 3 . 14 ( m , 3h , ch a h b ( tyr ) and ch 2 n ( c 8 h 17 )), 3 . 06 ( dd , j = 14 . 2 , 7 . 8 hz , 1h , ch a h b ( tyr )), 1 . 47 ( m , j = 6 . 9 hz , 2h , ch 2 ch 2 n ( c 8 h 7 )), 1 . 32 ( m , 10h , ( ch 2 ) 5 ), 0 . 93 ( t , j = 6 . 9 hz , 3h , ch 3 ). 31 p nmr ( 202 mhz , cd 3 od ): δ 14 . 45 . esi - ms : m / z calcd 547 . 27 ( m + h ) + . found 548 . 5 ( m + h ) + . 1 h nmr ( 500 mhz , cd 3 od ): δ 8 . 42 ( s , 2h , h — c 2 and h — c 8 , adenine ), 7 . 26 ( d , j = 8 . 8 hz , 2h , aromatic ), 7 . 15 ( d , j = 8 . 3 hz , 2h , aromatic ), 4 . 58 ( t , j = 4 . 9 hz , 2h , ch 2 ), 4 . 05 ( t , j = 4 . 9 hz , 2h , ch 2 ), 4 . 01 ( t , j = 7 . 3 hz , 1h , chnh 2 ( tyr )), 3 . 93 ( d , j = 8 . 4 hz , 2h , ch 2 p ), 3 . 25 - 3 . 16 ( m , 3h , ch a h b ( tyr ) and ch 2 n ( c 16 h 33 )), 3 . 05 ( dd , j = 14 . 2 , 7 . 9 hz , 1h , ch a h b ( tyr )), 1 . 48 ( m , j = 6 . 8 hz , 2h , ch 2 ch 2 n ( c 16 h 33 )), 1 . 31 ( m , 26h , ( ch 2 ) 13 ), 0 . 93 ( t , j = 6 . 1 hz , 3h , ch 3 ). 31 p nmr ( 202 mhz , cd 3 od ): δ 15 . 44 . esi - ms : m / z calcd 659 . 39 ( m + h ) + . found 660 . 8 ( m + h ) + . 1 h nmr ( 500 mhz , cd 3 od ): δ 7 . 99 ( s , 1h , ch of dap ), 7 . 28 ( d , j = 8 . 3 hz , 2h , aromatic ), 7 . 15 ( d , j = 8 . 8 hz , 2h , aromatic ), 4 . 33 ( dd , j = 14 . 7 , 2 . 9 hz , 1h ) and 4 . 18 ( dd , j = 14 . 6 , 6 . 3 hz , 1h ) ( cho and ch a h b p ), 4 . 06 - 4 . 01 ( m , 3h , ch 2 n and chnh 2 ( tyr )), 3 . 87 ( dd , j = 13 . 7 , 9 . 3 hz , 1h , ch a h b p ), 3 . 28 - 3 . 13 ( m , 3h , ch a h b ( tyr ) and ch 2 n ( c 8 h 17 )), 3 . 07 ( dd , j = 14 . 2 , 7 . 4 hz , 1h , ch a h b ( tyr )), 1 . 47 ( m , j = 7 . 4 hz , 2h , ch 2 ch 2 n ( c 8 h 17 )), 1 . 32 ( m , 10h , ( ch 2 ) 5 ), 1 . 24 ( d , j = 6 . 3 hz , 3h , ch 3 — ch ), 0 . 93 ( t , j = 6 . 9 hz , 3h , ch 3 ). 31 p nmr ( 202 mhz , cd 3 od ): δ 15 . 42 . esi - 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