Patent Application: US-201414899546-A

Abstract:
an in - vitro method for the prediction , prognosis and / or diagnosis of an inflammatory response associated with a condition or disease such as schizophrenia in a subject , the method comprising determining in a sample of a subject the level of 25 - hydroxy vitamin d3 , preferably in combination with the level of least one biomarker wherein the at least one biomarker is selected from innate chemokine and matrix metalloproteinase ; and comparing the levels of said 25 - hydroxy vitamin d3 and at least one biomarker to a control level of 25 - hydroxy vitamin d3 and the at least one biomarker respectively in order to determine a positive or negative prediction , prognosis and / or diagnosis of said inflammatory response indicating an associated condition or disease , such as schizophrenia .

Description:
investigation observing significantly higher levels of il - 8 in schizophrenia patients than in healthy controls to investigate the potential role of the innate immune system in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia , we tested for an altered innate immune / inflammatory signature ( s ) in patients &# 39 ; blood . as we had found elevated levels of il - 8 in the serum of patients with multiple sclerosis ( ms ), and in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis ( eae ) ( 45 ) ( the animal model of ms ), we were interested in the il - 8 status of schizophrenia patients ( scz ). we measured serum levels of il - 8 in scz patients and healthy controls ( fig1 ). they were significantly higher in scz patients than in healthy controls ( p & lt ; 0 . 05 ). investigations observed significantly elevated mmp - 9 in scz patients than in healthy controls we initially compared levels of mmp - 9 in the serum of scz patients and healthy controls . as shown in fig2 , the level of mmp - 9 in scz patients was significantly higher than in healthy controls ( fig2 , p & lt ; 0 . 05 ). we next assessed the 25 - hydroxyvitamin - d3 status of scz patients . its recommended level is above 75 nmol / l ( 44 ) and levels under 50 nmol / l mark deficiency ( 46 ). all but one patient were deficient in 25 - hydroxyvitamin - d3 ( 93 . 75 %). investigations observed significant inverse correlation of 25 - hydroxyvitamind3 and mmp - 9 levels in scz patients in healthy controls , 25 - hydroxyvitamin - d correlated inversely with circulating mmp - 9 ( 47 ). in our scz patients , we too found a significant inverse correlation ( fig3 )— though not with il - 8 levels ( data not shown ). il - 8 / cxcl8 and mmp - 9 elisas ( qantikine immunoassays r & amp ; d systems , uk ) were performed according to the manufacturer &# 39 ; s instructions . scz and healthy control samples were run on the same plate to control for inter - assay variation . all assays were performed in duplicate and samples run in two separate assays . absorbance reading was carried out on a reader biotek synergy ht plate reader . serum levels of 25 - hydroxyvitamind3 were measured by isotope - dilution liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry as described previously ( 48 ). we used graphpad prism ( 5 . 00 version for windows , graphpad software , san diego calif . usa ) for all statistical analyses . all analyses conducted used non - parametric tests , including mann - whitney tests to evaluate differences between groups , and spearman rank correlations . p - values less than or equal to 0 . 05 were considered as statistically significant . 1 . bown aap , p . the origins of schizophrenia . new york , chichester , west sussex : columbia university press , 2012 . 2 . moises h w , yang l , kristbjarnarson h , et al . an international two - stage genome - wide search for schizophrenia susceptibility genes . nat genet 1995 ; 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