Patent Application: US-201514869362-A

Abstract:
a method for performing in vitro diagnosis of type 1 allergy , comprises contacting an immunoglobulin - containing body fluid sample from a patient suspected of having type 1 allergy with an immobilized horse allergen immobilized on a solid support , and detecting the presence , in the sample , of ige antibodies specifically binding to the horse allergen , wherein the presence of such ige antibodies specifically binding to the horse allergen is indicative of type 1 allergy . a method for treatment of type 1 allergy comprises administering to an individual susceptible to such treatment , the horse allergen , or a form of the horse allergen that is modified to abrogate or attenuate its ige binding response . the horse allergen may be produced via a vector and a host cell comprising the vector .

Description:
the examples below illustrate the present invention with the isolation and use of secretoglobin from horse . the examples are only illustrative and should not be considered as limiting the invention , which is defined by the scope of the appended claims . example 1 : purification and characterisation of known allergens from horse dander and serum horse dander was used as a starting material for purification of equ c 1 , equ c 2 and equ c 4 / 5 while equ c 3 was purified from horse serum . horse dander ( allergon , välinge , sweden ) was extracted in 20 mm mops , ph 7 . 6 , 0 . 5 m nacl ( mbs = mops - buffered saline ), clarified by centrifugation and filtered through a 0 . 45 μm mixed cellulose ester filter ( millipore , billerica , mass ., usa ). as a first purification step for all three horse dander allergens , the clarified extract was applied to a superdex ™ 75 column ( xk26 / 100 , v t = 505 ml , ge healthcare life sciences , uppsala , sweden ) for size exclusion chromatography ( sec ) and elution was performed with mbs at a flow rate of 2 ml / min . in order to purify equ c 1 , peak a in fig1 a was adjusted to 2 m nh 4 so 4 and applied to a phenyl sepharose ™ hp column ( hr10 / 10 , v t = 9 . 0 ml , ge healthcare life sciences ) equilibrated with 2 m nh 4 so 4 in 20 mm tris ph 8 . 0 . elution was performed in a linear nh 4 so 4 gradient from 2 m to 0 m nh 4 so 4 . two peaks containing equ c 1 were eluted in the middle of the gradient , peaks c and d in fig1 b . after desalting each peak on a sephadex ™ g25 fine column ( xk16 / 20 , v t = 34 ml , ge healthcare life sciences ) equilibrated with 20 mm mops ph 7 . 6 0 . 5 m nacl , each preparation of of nequ c 1 was subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ( sds - page ) using the nupage mes buffer system ( 10 % nupage gel , invitrogen , carlsbad , calif ., usa ) of a reduced sample prepared by mixing the sample 1 : 3 with nupage lds sample buffer ( invitrogen ) containing 100 mm β - mercaptoethanol . as an indication of apparent molecular weight the mark 12 ™ standard ( invitrogen ) was used . both nequ c 1 preparations were pure as judged by sds - page ( fig1 e ). the protein preparations was unambiguously identified as equ c 1 by peptide mass fingerprinting ( pmf ) performed in a bruker daltonics autoflex 2 instrument ( bruker daltonics , bremen , germany ) as described in ( mattsson et al . 2009 ). both forms of the protein were immobilized to immunocap ™ solid phase as described ( marknell dewitt et al . 2002 ). in order to purify equ c 2 , the second peak from sec , peak b in fig1 a , was adjusted to 1 m nh 4 so 4 and subjected to hydrophobic interaction chromatography ( hic ) on a phenyl sepharose ™ hp column ( hr10 / 10 , v t = 9 . 0 ml , ge healthcare life sciences ) equilibrated with 1 m nh 4 so 4 in 20 mm tris ph 8 . 0 . elution was performed in a linear nh 4 so 4 gradient from 1 m to 0 m nh 4 so 4 in the same buffer . equ c 2 was contained in the flow through fraction ( peak e in fig1 c ) that was pooled and desalted on a sephadex ™ g25 fine column ( xk26 / 20 , v t = 90 ml , ge healthcare life sciences ) equilibrated with 20 mm bis - tris propane , ph 8 . 5 . the desalted equ c 2 pool was finally applied to an anion exchange column source ™ 15q ( hr16 / 10 , v t = 9 ml , ge healthcare life sciences ) equilibrated with 20 mm bis - tris propane , ph 8 . 5 . upon elution in a linear 0 - 0 . 40 m nacl gradient in the same buffer , the protein was resolved into three peaks that all displayed pure 17 kda band upon sds - page analysis . the two largest peaks were analysed by n - terminal sequencing ( procise ™ lc452 , applied biosystems , foster city calif ., usa ) and both had the sequence dqdpqsedty ( seq id no : 10 ), identifying them as equ c 2 . 0201 ( fig1 d peaks h and i ). for the purpose of evaluating ige binding reactivity , the peaks were pooled and immobilised to immunocap ™ solid phase as described ( marknell dewitt et al . 2002 ). purification of equ c 4 / 5 was performed by using the second peak from sec , peak b in fig1 a . this pool was adjusted to 1 m nh 4 so 4 and subjected to hydrophobic interaction chromatography ( hic ) on a phenyl sepharose ™ hp column ( hr10 / 10 , v t = 9 . 0 ml , ge healthcare life sciences ) equilibrated with 1 m nh 4 so 4 in 20 mm tris ph 8 . 0 . elution was performed in a linear nh 4 so 4 gradient from 1 m to 0 m nh 4 so 4 in the same buffer . equ c 4 / 5 protein eluted in two distinct peaks in the middle of the gradient , ( peaks f and g in fig1 c ). sds - page analysis of the first peak revealed a protein migrating as a 14 kda band while the second peak contained a 19 kda band . after desalting on a sephadex ™ g25 fine column ( xk26 / 20 , v t = 90 ml , ge healthcare life sciences ) equilibrated with 20 mm bis - tris propane , ph 8 . 5 . both proteins were pure as judged by sds - page ( fig1 e ). both of the two preparations displayed the n - terminal sequence vgpllgpsda ( seq id no : 11 ), identifying them as horse latherin or equ c 4 / 5 . the two forms of nequ c 4 / 5 were immobilized separately to immunocap ™ solid phase as described ( marknell dewitt et al . 2002 ). native equ c 3 was purified from horse serum by affinity chromatography using blue sepharose ff , ( ge healthcare life sciences ), anion exchange chromatography ( aiec ) and sec essentially as described ( van eijk et al . 1999 ). example 2 : assessment of ige binding levels to individual horse dander allergen components in a panel of sera from horse sensitized individuals the ige binding activity of the two forms of equ c 1 , named form a and b , was evaluated using a set of horse dander sensitized sera ( obtained from an in - house serum collection . the two forms of equ c 1 displayed equivalent ige binding activity , as shown in fig2 a . therefore only the values obtained with nequ c 1 a were used in the analysis below . using a similar set of horse dander reactive sera , ige antibody binding to the two forms of equ c 4 / 5 were compared and found to be very similar , as shown in fig2 b . ige antibody binding to horse dander extract and the purified horse allergens was examined using regular and experimental immunocap ™ tests ( phadia , uppsala , sweden ). experimental immunocap ™ tests were prepared as described above . a panel of 29 sera from horse dander sensitised individuals were used . determinations of ige responses to horse dander extract , nequ c 1 , nequ c 2 , nequ c 4 / 5 and were performed . the results are presented in table 1 where the ige antibody concentrations in sera of patients a1 to a29 to hde and the components and sum of the three components are displayed as ku a / l . the component coverage is the ratio of component sum and horse dander extract , expressed as percentage . a number of sera were identified as having a significantly higher level of ige binding to horse dander extract than could be accounted for by the individual components , e . g . sera no a1 , a21 and a22 . apart from possible equ c 3 reactivity , which was not evaluated at this stage , the identified sera could aid in the search for novel ige binding proteins from horse dander . example 3 : identification of a fraction from horse dander having a novel ige binding reactivity during the process of purifying the previously characterised horse dander allergens , several fractions were identified which contained proteins other than the previously known horse allergens . three fractions of particular interest were selected for analysis of ige binding activity using the sera identified in example 2 above . fraction a contained a 10 kda band ( reducing sds - page ) obtained from an anion exchange purification step of equ c 2 indicated by an arrow ( fig3 a ). fractions b and c , containing a 13 kda and a 10 kda band ( reducing sds - page ), respectively , were obtained from a hic purification step of equ c 1 and are indicated by arrows in fig3 b . experimental immunocap ™ ( phadia ) tests were prepared as described ( marknell dewitt et al . 2002 ) and used for serum analysis . the results are summarised in table 2 , which also includes the previous determinations of horse dander extract and the sum of nequ c 1 , nequ c 2 and nequ c 4 / 5 , all displayed as ku a / l . the highest ige binding levels were found in fraction c . notably , in serum a1 , the level of ige binding to fraction c was much higher than the sum of ige binding to nequ c 1 , nequ c 2 and nequ c 4 / 5 . the fact that this serum had an albumin ige reactivity of only 1 . 5 kua / l ( not shown ) suggested that fraction c contained a novel horse dander allergen . example 4 : purification and identification of the dominant protein constituent of fraction c to purify the 10 kda protein present in fraction c in a more targeted way , horse dander extract was subjected to sec as described in example 1 . the equ c 1 containing peak was pooled according to sds - page analysis as indicated in the figure ( peak a in fig4 a ). only the right - hand part of peak a contained a 10 kda band and was included in the pool . the pool was adjusted to 2 m nh 4 so 4 and subjected to hic ( fig4 b ) as described for equ c 1 in example 1 . peak j in fig4 b was diluted 1 : 3 in 20 mm tris , ph 8 . 0 , and applied to a source ™ 15q column ( pe 4 . 6 / 100 , v t = 1 . 7 ml ; ge healthcare life sciences ) equilibrated in the same buffer . elution was performed with a linear gradient of 0 - 0 . 4 m nacl , yielding a dominant peak in the middle of the gradient , followed by a smaller peak ( peaks k and l , fig4 c ). sds - page analysis was performed using the nupage mes buffer system as described in example 1 where samples were prepared by diluting the sample 1 : 3 in nupage lds buffer with or without 4 % β - mercaptoethanol for reducing and non - reducing conditions , respectively . sds - page analysis of both peaks ( fig4 d ) revealed a band of approximately 15 kda under non - reducing conditions . upon reduction of the samples , the 15 kda band disappeared while two bands of approximately 5 and 10 kda appeared , suggesting that the unreduced 15 kda band was made up of the polypeptides forming the 5 kda and 10 kda bands , linked to one another by one or more disulfide bridges . although both peaks appeared to contain the same protein , only the large peak ( k ) was subjected to further biochemical analysis . for the purpose of ige binding studies , a refining rpc purification step was included by applying the sample to a source ™ 5 rpc column ( st 2 . 1 / 150 , v t = 0 . 52 ml ; ge healthcare life sciences ) equilibrated with 0 . 065 % tfa in water . elution was performed in a linear 0 - 70 % gradient of buffer b , consisting of 0 . 05 % tfa in 90 % acetonitrile . the protein eluted in a single peak near the end of the gradient ( peak m , fig4 e ). identification of the 15 kda horse dander protein as a secretoglobin the reduced 5 kda and 10 kda protein bands , excised and extracted from a sds - page gel , were analysed by n - terminal sequencing . analysis of the 5 kda band revealed the amino acid sequence atxpavatdiasffllpdsl ( x : unresolved residue ) ( seq id no : 12 ), matching residues 22 - 41 of the predicted equus caballus sequence denoted “ similar to lppab ” ( genbank acc no xp_001502544 ) ( seq id no : 1 ). analysis of the 10 kda band revealed the sequence gsgxqlledvvektitaels ( x : unresolved residue ) ( seq id no : 13 ), matching residues 19 - 38 of a predicted sequence denoted “ similar to lipophilin cl2 ” from equus caballus ( genbank acc no xp_001494564 ) ( seq id no : 2 ). peptide mass fingerprinting ( pmf ) analysis of the purified 15 kda protein by maldi - tof ms of an in - solution trypsin digest did not result in any significant match ( p & lt ; 0 . 05 ) to known database entries . however , ms - ms analysis of peptides m / z = 2281 and m / z = 1262 . 5 identified the sequence qcineisagdryiitetlgk ( seq id no : 3 ) from the predicted sequence “ similar to lppab ( equus caballus ) ( genbank acc no xp_001502544 . peptide mass fingerprinting ( pmf ) analysis by maldi - tof ms of in - gel trypsin digested 5 kda fragment did not result in any significant match ( p & lt ; 0 . 05 ) to known database entries . however , the five dominant peptides detected did all correspond to anticipated trypsin fragments from the seq id no : 4 where m / z = 903 . 47 ( corresponding to residue 28 - 35 ), m / z = 1037 . 6 ( residues 43 - 53 ), m / z = 1262 . 6 ( residue 43 - 53 ), m / z = 2281 . 1 ( residues 43 - 62 ) and m / z = 2384 . 2 ( residues 1 - 22 ), which in total cover 50 ( 72 %) out of the predicted amino acid residues of seq id no : 4 . peptide mass fingerprinting ( pmf ) analysis by maldi - tof ms of in - gel trypsin digested 10 kda band did not result in any significant match ( p & lt ; 0 . 05 ) to known database entries . however , the two dominant peptides detected were m / z = 1433 . 6 and m / z = 2880 . 4 which is consistent with the mass of the peptides gsgcqlledvvek and titaelspaeyveavqefipdeatek , respectively , corresponding to residues 1 - 13 and 14 - 39 of seq id no : 5 . the amino acid sequences of both of the identified database entries , xp_001502544 ( seq id no : 6 ) and xp_001494564 ( seq id no : 7 ), contained features characteristic of the secretoglobin protein family . thus , taken together , the results identified the 15 kda horse dander protein as a secretoglobin . this protein is hereinafter referred to as equ c 15k . the predicted full length sequences precursor sequences of the two chains of equ c 15k are shown in fig5 ( 5 kda fragment — seq id no : 6 ; 10 kda fragment — seq id no 7 ) where the amino acids identified by n - terminal sequencing are underlined and those identified by ms - ms analysis are shown in bold . the precursor sequence for the 5 kda fragment includes an n - terminal signal peptide of 21 amino acids , and the precursor sequence for the 10 kda fragment includes an n - terminal signal peptide of 18 amino acids . it is to be noted that signal peptide prediction of the precursor sequence using signalp ( www . cbs . dtu . dk / services / signalp ) results in the same mature sequences as those obtained experimentally for both the 5 kda and 10 kda chains . the sds - page analysis in fig4 d provides evidence that the 5 and 10 kda amino acid chains are held together by one or more disulfide bridges under non - reducing conditions , thereby forming a heterodimeric protein . thus , the analysis links together a gene encoding a the sequence seq id no 4 with a different gene encoding seq id no 5 that together make up a previously unknown heterodimeric secretoglobin protein . example 5 : assessment of ige binding to equ c 15k using immunoblot analysis with the aim of determining to which subunit of equ c 15k the ige reactivity against the protein was directed , an immunoblot analysis was performed employing both reducing and non - reducing conditions . immunoblot analysis was performed on reduced and non - reduced samples of purified equ c 15k separated by sds - page using a 4 - 20 % nupage gel ( invitrogen ) and electroblotted onto a hybond ecl nitrocellulose membrane ( ge healthcare life sciences ). protein blots were blocked for 1 h at room temperature using blocking buffer ( 50 mm phosphate ph 7 . 4 , 0 . 1 % ( v / v ) tween ™ 20 , 0 . 9 % ( w / v ) nacl , 0 . 3 % ( w / v ) dextran t10 ) and then incubated overnight with serum from patient 3 and 12 , diluted 1 : 4 . 8 and 1 : 13 . 5 , respectively , in blocking buffer . after washing with 0 . 15 m nacl containing 0 . 5 % ( v / v ) tween - 20 , the membrane was incubated 3 hours with a hrp - labelled anti - human ige antibody in blocking buffer and , after washing , bound ige was fluorometrically detected using an ecl advance western blotting detection kit ( ge healthcare life sciences ) and a las 4000 mini ccd camera ( fujifilm , tokyo , japan ). the two sera used in the analysis ( patients no . 3 and 12 ) both had a dominant reactivity to equ c 15k according to the immunocap ™ analysis ( see example 7 below ). both sera reacted only weakly with the subunits of equ c 15k , dissociated under reducing conditions , visible as faint bands corresponding to the reduced 5 kda and 10 kda subunits ( fig6 ). under non - reducing conditions , a much stronger reactivity was observed with a band coinciding with the non - reduced 15 kda band of equ c 15k . no significant reactivity to other bands was observed in this analysis . this immunoblot analysis demonstrates that the ige binding reactivity is indeed directed to the major protein bands in the equ c 15k preparation . a synthetic equ c 15k single chain gene was designed by combining nucleotide sequences encoding the amino acid sequences of the 5 kda and the 10 kda subunits with a sequence encoding a linker peptide comprising 3 ×( gly - gly - gly - gly - ser ). the full - length synthetic gene was cloned into the ndei and xhoi sites of vector pet23a (+) ( novagen , madison , wis ., usa ), adding a c - terminal hexahistidine tag to enable protein purification by immobilised metal ion affinity chromatography ( imac ). the amino acid sequence for the whole recombinant protein is shown in seq id no : 8 . the nucleotide sequence was designed for optimal codon usage in e . coli ( dna2 . 0 , menlo park , calif ., usa ). the nucleic acid sequence encoding the whole recombinant protein is shown in seq id no : 9 . the plasmid dna construct was transformed into e . coli strain bl21 - ai ( invitrogen ) and the recombinant equ c 15k single chain protein was produced using a 3 - liter bioreactor ( belach bioteknik , solna , sweden ). for purification of recombinant equ c 15k , harvested cells was resuspended in 20 mm tris - hcl ph 8 . 0 and lysed by passing the suspension through an emulsiflex c5 homogenizor ( avestin , ottawa , ontario , canada ) at 10 000 - 15 000 kpa . after centrifugation of the suspension , the pelleted inclusion bodies were dissolved in 6 m guanidine - hcl , 20 mm tris ph 8 . 0 , 0 . 5 m nacl , 5 mm imidazol and filtered through 0 . 45 μm mixed cellulose filters ( millipore ). the filtered supernatant was applied to a chelating sepharose ff column ( ge healthcare life sciences ), charged with niso 4 . column washing was performed with 6 m urea in 20 mm tris - hcl ph 8 . 0 , 0 . 15 m nacl , 20 mm imidazole followed by renaturation in situ by a linear 6 m to 2 m gradient of urea in the same buffer . following renaturation , the recombinant protein was eluted in a linear 20 - 500 mm gradient of imidazole in the same buffer . further purification of the recombinant protein was performed by aiec in 20 mm tris - hcl ph 8 . 0 using a q sepharose ™ ff column ( ge healthcare life sciences ). the protein was eluted using a linear 0 - 0 . 5 m nacl gradient and fractions were pooled according to sds - page results . the protein concentration of the final preparation was determined from absorbance at 280 nm , using a calculated extinction coefficient of 0 . 44 per mg / ml recombinant equ c 15k was immobilised to experimental immunocap ™ and the ige reactivity to sera from 36 horse dander sensitized subjects was determined as described ( marknell dewitt et al . 2002 ). there was a good agreement ( r = 0 . 98 ) between ige binding to purified native equ c 15k and recombinant equ c 15k ( fig7 ), demonstrating that the recombinant protein was immunologically active and structurally similar to the native protein . these data provide strong evidence that the amino acid sequence of the 5 kda ( seq id no : 4 ) and 10 kda ( seq id no : 5 ) fragments of equ c 15k , as predicted from the genomic sequence information identified , are correct and represents the amino acid sequence of the purified horse dander allergen equ c 15k . example 7 : assessment of ige binding activity of nequ c 1 , nequ c 2 , nequ c 3 , nequ c 4 / 5 and equ c 15k in a cohort of horse allergic patients sera from 25 horse allergic subjects from spain ( n = 20 ) and sweden ( n = 5 ) were used in the study . all patients had a doctors &# 39 ; diagnosis of horse allergy with symptoms such as asthma , rhinoconjunctivitis and urticaria , and a positive skin prick test to horse dander extract . all samples and clinical data were collected under the approval of the local ethics committee at each center contributing to the biobank in which the samples and data had been deposited . the levels of specific ige antibodies to horse dander extract , nequ c 1 , nequ c 2 , nequ c 3 and nequ c 4 / 5 and requ c 15k among the 25 horse allergic subjects were determined using immunocap ™ ( fig8 , table 3 ). in table 3 , all immunocap ™ levels are displayed as ku a / l and the origin of each patient is indicated by es ( spain ) or se ( sweden ). recorded allergic symptoms on exposure to horse are rhinitis ( rhin ), asthma ( astm ), urticaria ( urt ) or anaphylaxis ( anaph ). of the 25 sera tested , 12 ( 48 %) showed an ige response ≧ 0 . 35 ku a / l to requ c 15k , 16 ( 64 %) to nequ c 2 and 19 ( 76 %) to nequ c 1 . both nequ c 3 and nequ c 4 / 5 appeared as minor allergens among the subjects studied , binding ige ab from only 5 ( 20 %) and 7 ( 28 %) of the tested sera , respectively . four of the 25 sera ( 16 %) reacted exclusively to equ c 15k . on average among all equ c 15k - reactive sera , the concentration of ige antibody to equ c 15k amounted to 37 % of that to horse dander . the corresponding relative concentration of ige antibody to nequ c 1 was 52 %, whereas for nequ c 2 , nequ c 3 and nequ c 4 / 5 the relative concentrations were 35 %, 69 % and 9 %, respectively , among sera specifically reactive to those allergens . twenty - four of the 25 sera showed ige antibody binding to horse dander extract . all of those sera showed binding to at least one of the five individual horse allergens tested . the sum of the ige binding levels to the individual component matched or exceeded that to horse dander extract . example 8 : independent sensitisation to equ c 15k and secretoglobin from cat , the major cat allergen fel d 1 since equ c 15k belongs to the secretoglobin protein family , the immunological relationship to the major cat allergen , fel d 1 , which belongs to the same protein family , was investigated . the levels of ige binding to fel d 1 was evaluated in sera of 36 horse dander sensitized subjects , including those 25 horse allergic patients described in example 7 . no significant correlation ( r = 0 . 36 ) between the ige levels to recombinant equ c 15 and rfel d 1 could be detected ( fig9 ), suggesting that the ige antibody response to equ c 15k was predominantly not a result of cross - reactivity between equ c 15k and fel d 1 , and vice versa . in order to further investigate potential cross reactivity between equ c 15k and fel d 1 , eight sera displaying significant ige antibody binding reactivity to both fel d 1 and equ c 15k were tested for cross - inhibition , using both requ c 15k and rfel d 1 on solid phase as well as nequ c 15k and rfel d 1 as inhibitors at a final concentration of 100 μg / ml ( fig1 ). as an inhibition control , ige diluent ( phadia ) was used . means of duplicate determinations of each inhibition were calculated and the fraction of inhibition was calculated as the fraction of the binding using diluent inhibitor that could be quenched with each inhibitor . in these selected sera , inhibition by fel d 1 could only be achieved when binding to fel d 1 on the solid phase . likewise , inhibition using equ c 15k was only possible on equ c 15k on the solid phase indicating that in these subjects sensitisation to these to molecules occurred independently of one another and was not a result of cross reactivity . however , the presence of weak cross reactivity between the two proteins cannot be ruled out completely . goubran botros , h ., c . gregoire , et al . 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