Patent Application: US-73121791-A

Abstract:
a method for classifying and monitoring leukemias is disclosed . the method comprises mixing cells from a patient with a plurality of fluorescently labelled monoclonal antibodies , examining the cells by means of flow cytometry , scoring the percent of positive cells in each quadrant in a two - dimensional plot of log fluorescence and comparing the scores with a standard . monitoring of the disease also may be achieved by comparing the scores before , during and after treatment .

Description:
a heparinized bone marrow aspirate or peripheral blood sample containing greater than 50 % blasts is obtained by standard aseptic methods from a study patient already diagnosed with acute leukemia . a fresh peripheral blood sample from a normal donor is obtained by venipuncture 20 to insure proper instrument setup and to serve as a control . mononuclear cells from bone marrow or peripheral blood are density - gradient separated using ficoll - hypaque ™, according to the manufacturer &# 39 ; s instructions . cell viability , a differential count , and a white blood cell ( wbc ) count are determined for each sample by standard methods . samples may be stored or transported at room temperature ( 20 ° to 25 ° c . ), but should be separated and stained within 24 hours after collection . the following tubes and reagent combinations can be used and are available from becton dickinson immunocytometry systems ( bdis ): 4 cd20 ( leu - 16 23 ) fitc & amp ; cd5 ( leu - 1 24 ) pe 5 cd3 ( leu - 4 24 ) fitc & amp ; cd22 ( leu - 14 22 ) pe 6 cd7 ( leu - 9 24 ) fitc & amp ; cd33 ( leu - m9 25 ) pe when the monoclonal antibody reagents are added to the separated mononuclear cells , the fluorochrome - labelled antibodies bind specifically to cell - surface antigens . the stained cells fluoresce when they pass through the flow cytometer and are exposed to a 488 - nm blue - green laser beam . use of fitc and pe permits simultaneous two - color analysis , because each fluorochrome emits light at a different wavelength when excited by the laser . the flow cytometer measures the intensity of emitted light at 530 nm for fitc ( green ) and at 575 for pe ( red - orange ). the flow cytometer , for example a facscan ™ brand flow cytometer , can be optimized for use with normal donor peripheral blood , prior to analyzing leukemic samples in accordance with manufacturer &# 39 ; s suggestions . the prepared investigational sample tubes are run on the facscan , and up to 30 , 000 ungated events are collected in list mode files . data files are analyzed using the appropriate computer software and hardware . dot plot displays of fluorescence and light scatter , along with the corresponding quadrant statistics , then are used in the analysis process . it is important to differentiate between leukemic cells and normal cells in every study sample , since only leukemic cells are used to assign lineage . normal lymphocytes will show a characteristic light scatter pattern and antigenic profile . residual normal lymphocytes may be identified by examining each light scatter gate and displaying fluorescence - 1 (&# 34 ; fl1 &# 34 ;) versus fluorescence - 2 (&# 34 ; fl2 &# 34 ;) dot plots for tube 5 . residual normal lymphocytes , if present , may be identified by cd3 + and cd22 - events for t lymphocytes in quadrant 4 , and cd3 - and cd22 + events for b lymphocytes in quadrant 1 . for each of the five reagent combinations ( tubes 3 through 7 ), the percentage of gated events in each quadrant is examined . the quadrants have been numbered from 1 to 20 for the five reagent tube combinations , as shown in fig1 . when a sample meets the criteria for percentage positive gated events in a quadrant , the corresponding quadrant numbers ( 1 through 20 ) are assigned to the sample . before a number can be assigned , however , it is important to be sure these positive events represent the antigenic expression on leukemic cells , rather than on residual normal lymphocytes . the percent positive value is determined for each of the 20 quadrants for each study sample . the percentage of positive events in a quadrant must meet the minimum value for percentage of positive events for the type of antigen being examined . the minimum value for the lymphoid and nonlineage restricted antigens ( cd10 , cd19 , cd20 , cd5 , cd3 , cd22 , cd7 , or hla - dr ) is greater than 20 % positive events in a quadrant . for the myeloid / monocyte antigens ( cd33 and cd13 ) the percentage of positive events in a quadrant must be greater than 30 %. these percentages may vary if other combinations of antibodies are used to distinguish these acute leukemias . when a negative quadrant ( i . e ., quadrants 3 , 7 , 11 , 15 , and 19 ) contains greater than 30 % events , the corresponding quadrant number also should be recorded , as these numbers help identify characteristic patterns of antigens that are not expressed . the most probable lineage is assigned to the sample by comparing the assigned quadrant numbers for a patient sample with the reference chart shown in table 2 . the acute leukemia is assigned to either b - lymphoid , t - lymphoid , myeloid or undifferentiated categories . the term &# 34 ; mixed lineage &# 34 ; is not used and some cases that are assigned to b lineage may still express myeloid markers . table ii__________________________________________________________________________ reagent add &# 39 ; ltube pair quad . # & gt ; 20 % & gt ; 30 % poss . lin . criteria lineage__________________________________________________________________________3 cd10 . sup .- / q1 1 x b - lymphoid * cd19 . sup .+ cd10 . sup .+ / q2 2 x b - lymphoid cd19 . sup .+ cd10 . sup .- q3 3 x ** cd19 . sup .- cd10 . sup .+ q4 4 x b - lymphoid * cd19 . sup .- t - lymphoid or myeloid4 cd20 . sup .- / q1 5 x t - lymphoid * cd5 . sup .+ or myeloid cd20 . sup .+ / q2 6 x 1 b - lymphoid cd5 . sup .+ cd20 . sup .- / q3 7 x ** cd5 . sup .- cd20 . sup .+ / q4 8 x b - lymphoid 4 or 1 b - lymphoid cd5 . sup .- 5 cd3 . sup .- / q1 9 x b - lymphoid 4 , 1 or b - lymphoid cd22 . sup .+ 8 cd3 . sup .+ / q2 10 . sup . a cd22 . sup .+ cd3 . sup .- / q3 11 x ** cd22 . sup .- cd3 . sup .+ / q4 12 x t - lymphoid 5 t - lymphoid cd22 . sup .- 6 cd7 . sup .- / q1 13 x myeloid 3 , 7 , 11 myeloid cd33 . sup .+ cd7 . sup .+ / q2 14 x myeloid * cd33 . sup .+ t - lymphoid 4 or 5 t - lymphoid or 12 cd7 . sup .- / q3 15 x ** cd33 . sup .- cd7 . sup .+ / q4 16 x t - lymphoid 4 or 5 t - lymphoid cd33 . sup .- or 127 hla - dr . sup .- / q1 17 x myeloid 3 , 7 , 11 , myeloid cd13 . sup .+ 13 ( or 14 ) hla - dr . sup .+ / q2 18 x myeloid 3 , 7 , 11 myeloid cd13 . sup .+ 13 or 14 hla - dr . sup .- q3 19 x ** cd13 . sup .- hla - dr . sup .+ / q4 20 x myeloid 3 , 7 , 11 , myeloid cd13 . sup .- 13 or 14 undiff . 3 , 7 , 11 , undiff . 15 b - lymphoid 1 or 8 b - lymphoid or 9 t - lymphoid 3 , 5 , 12 , t - lymphoid 16__________________________________________________________________________ * additional information is needed to assign lineage . ** q3 normally contains unstained cells . . sup . a unlikely . the unstained control is prepared along with the stained samples . this tube is used to assess background fluorescence , and to establish the appropriate light scatter gate ( s ) around the predominant cell cluster ( s ). a separate gate is drawn around each distinct population id a display of forward light scatter (&# 34 ; flc &# 34 ;) versus side scatter (&# 34 ; ssc &# 34 ;). the settings for the light scatter gate are maintained during analysis of subsequent tubes for each patient sample . all tubes should be evaluated for each gate that is drawn . ( this may be done visually by the operator or may be done by means of software associated with the data recording and storage means .) the fluorescence control tube containing the control igg 2a fitc and the control igg 1 pe is used to establish the fl1 and fl2 markers around the negative population . fluorescence marker settings are then used to analyze the remaining tubes in the sample . see u . s . pat . no . 4 , 987 , 086 . expression of the cd10 ( or common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen &# 34 ; calla &# 34 ;) is reported to be indicative of b - lymphoid lineage leukemias . 3 , 15 , 27 coexpression of cd10 and cd19 antigens on greater than 20 % of the gated cells has been found to indicate acute leukemias of the b - lymphoid lineage . 3 the presence of the cd19 antigen on greater than 20 % of the gated cells suggests a b - lymphoid lineage leukemia , but additional confirmation is required . the presence of the cd10 antigen on greater than 20 % of the gated cells can indicate b - lymphoid , t - lymphoid or myeloid lineage leukemias , and therefore , additional information is needed . confirmation is obtained using the cd20 / cd5 , cd3 / cd22 hla - dr / cd13 and cd33 / cd7 combinations . if coexpression of the cd10 antigen and cd19 antigens is less than 20 %, b - lymphoid lineage leukemia is unlikely . coexpression of cd20 and cd5 has been considered suggestive of a b - lymphoid lineage leukemia . 3 , 28 , 29 the presence of the cd20 antigen on greater than 20 % of the gated cells , if either cd10 or cd19 also is expressed , is thought to aid in confirming a b - lymphoid lineage acute leukemia . presence of the cd20 antigen on greater than 20 % of the gated cells , in the absence of cd5 , cd10 or cd19 antigens , suggest a b - lymphoid lineage leukemia , but requires additional confirmation . confirmation is obtained using the cd3 / cd22 and hla - dr / cd13 combinations . the presence of the cd5 antigen on greater than 20 % of the gated cells , in the absence of cd10 , cd19 and cd20 antigens , may indicate either a t - lymphoid lineage or myeloid lineage leukemia , but additional conformation is required using the results obtained from analysis of subsequent tubes . the presence of the cd3 antigen on greater than 20 % of the gated cells indicates a t - lymphoid lineage leukemia , when the cd5 antigen also is expressed on greater than 20 % of the gated cells . normal b and t lymphocytes must first be excluded . the presence of cd22 on greater than 20 % of the gated cells , when either cd10 , cd19 or cd20 antigen is coexpressed , confirms a b - lymphoid lineage leukemia . 30 , 31 the cd3 / cd22 reagent combination may be used to determine the relative number of normal t lymphocytes in the light scatter gate for patients with b - lymphoid or myeloid lineage leukemias . this combination also may be used to determine the relative number of normal b lymphocytes for patients with acute t - lymphoid or myeloid lineage leukemias . when present , these residual t or b lymphocytes provide an additional internal control to determine if the flow cytometer has been set up correctly . the presence of the cd7 antigen in the absence of cd10 , cd19 , cd20 and cd22 antigens has been reported to indicate t - lymphoid or myeloid lineage leukemias . coexpression of cd5 and cd7 on greater than 20 % of the gated cells is suggestive of t - lymphoid lineage leukemia , but confirmation is required since these markers also may be expressed in acute myeloid lineage leukemias . 13 , 14 , 16 t - lymphoid lineage is assigned when the cd3 , cd5 and cd7 antigens are coexpressed . the myeloid - associated antigens , cd33 and cd13 , are considerably less specific for the myeloid lineage as compared with the specificity of the cd19 , cd20 and cd22 antigens for the b - lymphoid lineage . the cd33 and cd13 antigens can be expressed in lymphoid as well as myeloid leukemias . 13 , 16 , 30 , 32 furthermore , a large proportion of normal bone marrow cells express the cd33 antigen , whereas the b - lymphoid antigens , cd10 and cd19 , are found infrequently on normal bone marrow cells . 12 as a consequence , the presence of myeloid antigens is a less sensitive indicator of leukemic disease than the presence of b - lymphoid antigens . the presence of cd33 antigen on greater than 30 % of the gated cells , in the absence of cd3 , cd5 , cd7 , cd10 , cd19 , cd20 and cd22 antigens , assigns the sample to myeloid lineage . the coexpression of cd33 and cd7 on greater than 30 % of the gated cells , in the presence of either cd13 or hla - dr antigens and the absence of other t - lymphoid antigens , is indicative of myeloid lineage . consideration of antigen density is especially important for correct lineage assignment when antigens are aberrantly expressed . populations that appear at the higher channel numbers in one of the positive quadrants stain brightly and have a high antigen density . populations that appear in a positive quadrant , but which are located closer to the fl1 and fl2 fluorescence markers , stain dimly and have a lower antigen density . bright fluorescence staining of cd7 and dim fluorescence staining of cd33 suggest t - lymphoid lineage , whereas dim cd7 staining and bright cd33 staining suggest myeloid lineage . coexpression of the cd7 and cd33 antigens can also be found in b - lymphoid lineage , but in most cases the staining is dim . 15 , 30 , 31 presence of the hla - dr antigen , a major histocompatibility complex ( mhc ) class ii antigen , has been described in acute myeloid , lymphoid , and undifferentiated leukemias . 3 , 4 , 5 , 33 coexpression of the hla - dr and cd13 antigens suggests myeloid lineage . nevertheless , b - and t - lymphoid lineages must first be excluded using the information obtained from the antibody combinations described above . expression of the cd13 antigen indicates myeloid lineage when b - and t - lymphoid leukemias are excluded using the above criteria . when cd13 and cd33 are coexpressed on the gated cells , lymphoid lineage leukemia must first be excluded , using the above criteria , before assigning the leukemia to the myeloid lineage . expression of the hla - dr antigen without expression of b - lymphoid , t - lymphoid , or myeloid lineage antigens indicates acute undifferentiated leukemia . heparinized bone marrow aspirates were collected aseptically . alternatively , peripheral blood samples , containing greater than 50 % leukemic blast cells , were collected aseptically by venipuncture into a sterile k3 edta vacutainer ™ brand blood collection tube . the percentage of blasts present was determined by evaluation of the wright - giemsa stain smear and by performing a standard differential count . a minimum of 7 × 10 6 cells at a concentration of 2 × 10 7 nucleated cells / ml are required after density - gradient separation . mononuclear cell suspensions were obtained by density - gradient separation . a white blood cell ( wbc ) count and a standard differential count were performed on separated cells . cell viability was determined using ethidium bromide and acridine orange staining . separated cell suspensions of bone marrow aspirates and / or peripheral blood then were mixed with fitc labelled reagents , washed , and then stained with pe labelled reagents . the samples then were applied to a flow cytometer . human peripheral blood samples from a normal donor were run prior to running investigational leukemic samples in order to optimize the instrument / reagent test system since high autofluorescence staining and unusual light scatter patterns are often present in samples from acute leukemia patients . moreover , the various light scatter patterns obtained with acute leukemias may be of interest . therefore , optimal instrument setup may permit differentiation between types of acute leukemias . fig2 displays a typical series of dot plots for normal peripheral blood cells when mixed with anti - cd45 fitc and anti - cd14 pe reagents ( bdis ) before optimization . ( this combination of antibodies is particularly useful in discriminating between normal lymphocytes , normal monocytes and debris and which will give a good indication of whether the instrument is properly set up and aligned in accordance with the manufacturer &# 39 ; s specifications and procedures .) live data was acquired on a facscan brand flow cytometer using lysys ii software ( bdis ). up to 30 , 000 events per sample in list mode . the patient data was saved and stored to allow subsequent analysis of data files . the lysys ii software allows flexible gates to be drawn around distinct populations of leukemic and / or normal cells . using data obtained with the unstained control ( tube 1 ), a dot plot of fsc versus ssc was displayed . a light scatter gate was drawn around the predominant cell cluster . if more than one population was apparent , a separate gate was drawn around each population . representative fsc versus ssc plots , illustrated in fig3 included mononuclear cell preparations of normal peripheral blood and bone marrow aspirates from patients with acute leukemia . examples include a normal donor ( fig3 a ), a patient diagnosed with acute b - lymphoid leukemia ( fig3 b ), a patient diagnosed with acute t - lymphoid leukemia ( fig3 c ), and three patients diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia ( fig3 d , 3e , 3f ). more than one population was apparent in fig3 a , 3e , and 3f ; therefore , two light scatter gates were drawn for each of these samples . a dot plot of fl1 versus fl2 next was displayed for the fluorescence control , tube 2 . the fluorescence intensity markers were set tightly around the negative population , which is the cluster of events that is low in both green and red - orange fluorescence , as illustrated in fig4 . when more than one population was present and , therefore , more than one light scatter gate was set , fluorescence markers were set independently for each gate . the dot plots in fig4 correspond to the samples and light scatter gates illustrated in fig3 . the light scatter gate ( s ) and fluorescence marker ( s ) were used for the subsequent analysis and collection of quadrant statistics for tubes 3 through 7 . it is important to differentiate between leukemic cells and normal lymphocytes in the sample . this is done by displaying fl1 versus fl2 dot plots for tube 5 for each light scatter gate and looking for the presence of normal lymphocytes . if they are present , residual normal lymphocytes may be identified by cd3 + / cd22 - events for t lymphocytes in quadrant 4 , and cd3 - / cd22 + events for b lymphocytes in quadrant 1 . these normal lymphocytes should not be included when assigning lineage . for each study patient sample , the percentage of positive events in each quadrant was examined . a sample was assigned a quadrant number when the percentage of positive staining events is greater than 20 % for lymphoid antigens , or greater than 30 % for myeloid antigens . a worksheet such as the one shown in fig1 may be used to record the results . the full sequence of analysis for the examples illustrated in fig3 and 4 is shown in fig5 through 13 . the percentages of positive staining cells in each quadrant are shown on the dot plots for reference . the percentage of positive events for each quadrant from the software printout was transferred to the worksheet ( fig1 ), and then assigned quadrant numbers based on the criteria provided above . lineage assignment based on the quadrant numbers assigned then was determined , using table 2 . positive events that were due to residual normal lymphocytes in the sample were not be used to assign lineage . fig5 and 6 illustrate the analysis of the normal peripheral blood sample using the two separate light scatter gates , shown in fig5 a and 6a . fig5 clearly illustrates a normal distribution of b lymphocytes ( cd19 + , cd20 + , and cd22 + ) and t lymphocytes ( cd5 + , cd7 + , and cd3 + ), nk lymphocytes ( cd7 + ) cd5 + b lymphocytes and basophils ( cd13 + and cd33 + ) within this lymphocyte light scatter gate . in fig6 the plots are displayed for the same normal donor , but now with a monocyte light scatter gate ( fig6 a ). fig6 g and 6h illustrate that the majority of the cells in this gate are monocytes ( cd13 + , cd33 + , and hla - dr + ). ( note the increase in nonspecific fluorescence of the isotype controls ( fig6 c ) as compared with the unstained control ( fig6 b ), due to binding with monocyte fc receptors .) fig7 demonstrates the analysis of an acute b - lymphoid leukemia . the majority of the cells coexpress the cd10 , cd19 , cd22 and hla - dr antigens approximately half of the leukemic cells coexpress the cd13 antigen aberrantly . the presence of normal residual t lymphocytes within the light scatter gate is shown in fig7 e , 7f and 7g . plots of an acute t - lymphoid leukemia appear in fig8 . the majority of the cells coexpress the cd3 , cd5 , cd7 , and hla - dr antigens . the presence of normal residual b lymphocytes within the light scatter gate is shown in fig8 d , 8e and 8f . the plots in fig9 illustrate an acute myeloid leukemia . the majority of the cells coexpress the cd13 , cd33 , and hla - dr antigens . ( note the presence of normal b and t lymphocytes within the light scatter gate ( fig9 d through 9h )). fig1 and 11 also show the analysis of an acute myeloid leukemia using two separate light scatter gates , as shown in fig1 a and 11a . the majority of the cells within the light scatter gate of fig1 a show typical features of normal b and t lymphocytes and thus are not considered part of the leukemic cell population ( fig1 d through 10h ). in fig1 , only a few of the gated events express features of normal b and t lymphocytes ( fig1 e and 11f ). the majority of the cells coexpress the cd13 , cd33 , and hla - dr antigens and aberrantly express the cd7 antigen . ( note that in this sample , the leukemic cell population consists of multiple populations with distinct features ( fig1 g and 11h )). fig1 and 13 illustrate the analysis of another acute myeloid leukemia by using two separate light scatter gates ( fig1 a and 13a ). the majority of the cells within the light scatter gate ( fig1 a ) show the typical features of normal b and t lymphocytes and therefore should not be considered as part of the leukemic cell population ( fig1 d through 12g ). the cells in the light scatter gate of fig1 a are in the location of normal and abnormal promyelocytes . 8 , 17 these cells have high autofluorescence ( fig1 b and 13c ). the majority of the cells within the light scatter gate of fig1 a express the cd33 antigen . the cd13 antigen is expressed by only a small portion of the gated events . using the logical decision scheme presented in table 2 , data were analyzed for samples illustrated in fig7 through 13 . the following numbers were assigned to the sample illustrated in fig7 by examination of the quadrant statistics : 2 to fig7 d ( greater than 20 % coexpress cd19 and cd10 ); 7 to fig7 e ( greater than 30 % did not express cd5 and cd20 ); 9 to fig7 f ( greater than 20 % expressed cd22 and lacked cd3 ); 15 to fig7 g ( greater than 30 % did not express cd7 and cd33 ); 18 and 20 to fig7 h ( greater than 30 % coexpress cd13 and hla - dr and greater than 30 % lacked cd13 and expressed hla - dr ). the assignment of the lineage is already obtained with the first number ( 2 ) and assigns a b lineage to the acute leukemia . numbers 7 , 9 , 15 , 18 , and 20 are additional information on the antigenic profile of this sample . the following numbers are assigned to the sample illustrated in fig8 by examination of the quadrant statistics : 3 to fig8 d ( greater than 30 % lacked cd19 and cd10 ); 5 to fig8 e ( greater than 20 % did express cd5 and did not express cd20 ); 12 to fig8 f ( greater than 20 % expressed cd3 and lacked cd22 ); 16 to fig8 g ( greater than 20 % expressed cd7 and did not express cd33 ); 20 to fig8 h ( 30 % lacked cd13 and expressed hla - dr ). the assignment of the lineage is obtained after the fourth number ( i . e ., 3 , 5 , 12 , 16 , 20 ) and assigns t lineage to the acute leukemia . the number 20 is additional information on the antigenic profile of this sample . the following numbers are assigned to the sample illustrated in fig9 by examination of the quadrant statistics : 3 to fig9 d ( greater than 30 % did not express cd19 and cd10 ); 7 to fig9 e ( greater than 30 % did not express cd5 and cd20 ); 11 to fig9 f ( greater than 30 % lacked cd3 and cd22 ); 13 to fig9 g ( greater than 30 % express cd33 and did not express cd7 ); 18 fig9 h ( greater than 30 % coexpress cd13 and hla - dr ). the assignment of the lineage is obtained after the fourth number ( i . e .. 3 , 7 , 11 , 13 , 18 ) and assigns myeloid lineage to the acute leukemia . the number 18 gives additional information on the antigenic profile of this sample . the following numbers are assigned to the sample illustrated in fig1 by examination of the quadrant statistics : 3 to fig1 d ( greater than 30 % did not express cd19 and cd10 ); 7 to fig1 e ( greater than 30 % did not express cd22 ); 14 to fig1 g ( greater than 30 % coexpress cd33 and cd7 ); 18 and 20 to fig1 h ( greater than 30 % coexpress cd13 and hla - dr and greater than 30 % express hla - dr and lack cd13 ). the assignment of the lineage is obtained after the fourth number ( i . e ., 3 , 7 , 11 , 14 , 18 , 20 ) and assigns myeloid lineage to the acute leukemia . the numbers 18 and 20 give additional information on the antigenic profile of this sample . the following numbers could be assigned to the sample illustrated in fig1 by examination of the quadrant statistics : 3 to fig1 d ( greater than 30 % did not express cd19 and cd10 ); 7 to fig1 e ( greater than 30 % did not express cd5 and cd20 ); 11 to fig1 f ( greater than 30 % lacked cd3 and cd22 ); 13 to fig1 g ( greater than 30 % lacked cd3 and not express cd7 ); 19 to fig1 h ( greater than 30 % lacked both cd13 and hla - dr ). the assignment of the lineage is obtained after the fourth number ( i . e ., 3 , 7 , 11 , 13 , 19 ) and assigns myeloid lineage to the acute leukemia . the number 19 gives additional information on the antigenic profile of this sample . to illustrate some of the patterns that can be observed in the lineage assignment process of leukemias , other data was analyzed obtained from bone marrow or peripheral blood samples of an additional 60 patients diagnosed with acute leukemia . the numbers assigned to each of these patients are presented consecutively in table 3 . the numbers in parentheses in table 3 indicate that greater than 20 % of the lymphocytes in the light scatter gate are residual normal t lymphocytes . when the criteria for lineage assignment were met , the corresponding quadrant numbers were noted on a worksheet like the one in fig1 . the underscored numbers in the table indicate the point at which the criteria for lineage assignment were met . lineage characterization was assigned according to the criteria in table 2 . aberrant antigen expression also is indicated in table 3 . table 3______________________________________patient # assigned # s lineage______________________________________b01004 1 , 2 , ( 5 ), 7 , 9 , ( 12 ), ( 13 ), b - lymphoid ( 16 ), 18 *, 19b01011 1 , 2 , 7 , 9 , 15 , 20 b - lymphoidb01033 1 , 7 , 9 , 13 *, 15 , 20 b - lymphoidb01041 1 , 7 , 9 , 15 , 18 *, 20 b - lymphoidb01035 1 , 7 , 9 , 15 , 20 b - lymphoidb01023 1 , 7 , 11 , 15 , 20 b - lymphoidb01001 2 , 3 , ( 5 ), 7 , 8 , 9 , ( 12 ), b - lymphoid 15 , 19 , 20b01027 2 , 3 , 8 , 9 , ( 12 ), 15 , b - lymphoid ( 16 ), 19 , 20b01034 2 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 11 , 15 , 20 b - lymphoidal05 2 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 13 *, 15 , 20 b - lymphoidal01 2 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 15 , 20 b - lymphoidal02 2 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 15 , 20 b - lymphoidb01009 2 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 15 , 20 b - lymphoidb01013 2 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 15 , 20 b - lymphoidb01020 2 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 15 , 20 b - lymphoidb01021 2 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 15 , 20 b - lymphoidb01022 2 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 15 , 20 b - lymphoidb01024 2 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 15 , 20 b - lymphoidb01031 2 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 15 , 20 b - lymphoidb01032 2 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 15 , 20 b - lymphoidb01043 2 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 13 *, 15 , b - lymphoid 18 *, 20al03 2 , 7 , 9 , 13 *, 15 , 20 b - lymphoidb01012 2 , 7 , 9 , 13 *, 15 , 20 b - lymphoidb01008 2 , 7 , 9 , 15 , 18 *, 20 b - lymphoidb01037 2 , 7 , 9 , 15 , 18 *, 20 b - lymphoidb01042 2 , 7 , 9 , 15 , 18 *, 20 b - lymphoidal04 2 , 7 , 9 , 15 , 20 b - lymphoidb01014 2 , 7 , 9 , 15 , 20 b - lymphoidb01006 2 , 7 , 9 , 15 , 20 b - lymphoidb01019 2 , 7 , 9 , 15 , 20 b - lymphoidb01025 2 , 7 , 9 , 15 , 20 b - lymphoidb01029 2 , 7 , 9 , 15 , 20 b - lymphoidb01045 2 , 7 , 9 , 15 , 20 b - lymphoidb01046 2 , 7 , 9 , 15 , 20 b - lymphoidb01003 2 , 8 , 9 , 15 , 20 b - lymphoidb01016 2 , 8 , 9 , 15 , 20 b - lymphoidb01026 2 , 8 , 9 , 15 , 20 b - lymphoidb01040 2 , 8 , 9 , 15 , 20 b - lymphoidb01044 2 , 8 , 9 , 15 , 20 b - lymphoidam010 3 , ( 5 ), 7 , 11 , ( 12 ), myeloid 13 , ( 16 ), 19 , 20am07 3 , ( 5 ), 7 , 11 , ( 12 ) myeloid 15 , ( 16 ), 18 , 19 , 20b01015 3 , 5 , 11 , 15 , 16 t - lymphoidb01002 3 , 5 , 12 , 16 , 20 t - lymphoidb01028 3 , 5 , 12 , 16 , 19 t - lymphoidal013 3 , 7 , 11 , 13 , 17 myeloidam011 3 , 7 , 11 , 13 , 17 myeloidal012 3 , 7 , 11 , 13 , 17 , 18 myeloidal014 3 , 7 , 11 , 13 , 17 , 18 myeloidam012 3 , 7 , 11 , 13 , 17 , 18 myeloidal06 3 , 7 , 11 , 13 , 17 , 19 myeloidal09 3 , 7 , 11 , 13 , 18 myeloidam09 3 , 7 , 11 , 13 , 18 myeloidb01017 3 , 7 , 11 , 13 , 18 , 20 myeloidb01030 3 , 7 , 11 , 13 , 18 , 20 myeloidb01007 3 , 7 , 11 , 13 , 19 myeloidal08 3 , 7 , 11 , 13 , 20 myeloidal011 3 , 7 , 11 , 13 , 20 myeloidb01018 3 , 7 , 11 , 13 , 20 myeloidam08 3 , 7 , 11 , 13 , 20 myeloidal015 3 , 7 , 11 , 14 *, 18 , 20 myeloidb01036 3 , 7 , 11 , 15 , 17 myeloidb01038 3 , 7 , 11 , 15 , 18 myeloid______________________________________ having identified the leukemia , the combination of antibodies used to identify the leukemia can be used to monitor therapy and treatment . for example , changes in the percentage of cells in one or more of the quadrants identified in the patient analysis is an indication of a change is the cellular makeup of the patient . a decrease in the percentage is an indication of positive response to therapy . monitoring can be performed on an as needed basis . the following references have been cited in the specification as examples of related background information : 1 . bennett , catovsky d , daniel m - t . classification of acute myeloid leukemia : a report of the french - american - british cooperative group . ann intern med . 1985 ; 103 : 620 - 624 . 2 . second mic cooperative study group : morphologic , immunologic , and cytogenetic ( mic ) working classification of the acute myeloid leukaemias . brit j haemat . 1988 ; 68 : 487 - 494 . 3 . foon k , todd r . immunologic classification of leukemia and lymphoma . blood . 1986 ; 68 : 1 - 31 . 4 . neame p , soamboonsrup p , browman g . classifying acute leukemia by immunophenotyping : a combined fab immunologic classification of aml . blood . 1986 ; 68 : 1355 - 1362 . 5 . drexler h . classification of acute myeloid leukemias p a comparison of fab and immunophenotyping . leukemia . 1987 ; 1 : 697 - 705 . 6 . ryan d , kossover s , mitchell s , frantz c , hennessy l , cohen h . subpopulations of common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen - positive lymphoid cells in normal bone marrow identified by hematopoietic differentiation antigens . blood . 1986 ; 68 : 417 - 425 . 7 . terstappen l , loken m . myeloid cell differentiation in normal bone marrow and acute myeloid leukemia assessed by multi - dimensional flow cytometry . anal cell pathol . 1990 ; 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