Opinion ID: 1690126
Heading Depth: 1
Heading Rank: 16

Heading: was jordan's confession to officer allbritton properly introduced?

Text: ś 116. Jordan contends that we should reconsider the admissibility of his statement to Officer Allbritton in light of the Supreme Court's ruling in Michigan v. Jackson, 475 U.S. 625, 106 S.Ct. 1404, 89 L.Ed.2d 631 (1986) (After a criminal defendant has requested counsel, any waiver of right to counsel during police-initiated questioning is invalid.). In this case, Jordan first requested counsel and then later waived his right to counsel and made a statement to Officer Allbritton. We addressed the validity of his statement and found that Jordan's waiver had been knowingly and voluntarily made. 365 So.2d at 1202-03. The Fifth Circuit also held that Jordan had made a knowing, intelligent, and voluntary waiver because he was advised of his Miranda rights at least four times, and even recited them from memory. Jordan v. Watkins, 681 F.2d at 1074. In the two subsequent Jordan opinions by this Court, we have held that the issue had already been decided and was barred by res judicata. 518 So.2d at 1186 and 464 So.2d at 480. ś 117. Jordan alleges that he should be able to relitigate this issue because more recent Supreme Court cases have held that rules for criminal prosecutions should be applied retroactively and that a criminal case is not final until the defendant is sentenced, makes a direct appeal, or seeks or fails to seek certiorari. Powell v. Nevada, 511 U.S. 79, 114 S.Ct. 1280, 1282, 128 L.Ed.2d 1 (1994); Griffith v. Kentucky, 479 U.S. 314, 328, 107 S.Ct. 708, 716, 93 L.Ed.2d 649 (1987). ś 118. Despite his allegations that his case is not yet final, Jordan has received four appellate reviews of this issue, and we have now twice decided that the issue is procedurally barred. Most importantly, the issue is harmless error at best. Our initial decision on this issue showed the admission of that statement to Officer Allbritton was harmless since it was merely cumulative of the properly obtained statement that Jordan gave to FBI Agent Watts. Jordan, 365 So.2d at 1203. Therefore, this issue is without merit.