Opinion ID: 2345006
Heading Depth: 1
Heading Rank: 2

Heading: analysis

Text: Whether to review a ruling on a CR 65.07 motion is entirely discretionary with this Court. CR 65.09(1). Exercise of that discretion turns on whether the movant has shown extraordinary cause . . . in the motion. See id. Ordinarily, this requires an examination of the merits of the controversy to determine whether the trial court abused its discretion. Cf. Lasege, 53 S.W.3d at 84 (holding that extraordinary cause can be demonstrated by showing that the lower courts abused their discretion in granting or denying an injunction). A review of the motion by the KHSAA, however, renders unnecessary a review of the merits of the controversy because it demonstrates that the petition for interlocutory relief was premature and therefore that this Court is without jurisdiction to reach the merits. The trial court granted the temporary injunction ex parte, that is, without notice to KHSAA and a hearing. However, a temporary injunction may only be granted with notice and a hearing. Common Cause of Kentucky v. Commonwealth, 143 S.W.3d 634, 636-37 (Ky.App. 2004) (A temporary injunction may be issued only after a hearing. . . .); see also 7 Kurt A. Phillips, Jr., David V. Kramer & David W. Burleigh, Kentucky Practice, Rules of Civil Procedure Annotated Rule 65.04, at 669 (6th ed.2005) [hereinafter Phillips, Kentucky Practice ] (A temporary injunction can only be granted on motion after proper notice and a hearing.). The trial court's order, then, was not a temporary injunction. Although the trial court's order refers to the relief it granted as a temporary injunction, cites the temporary injunction rule, CR 65.04, and includes findings of fact consistent with that rule, its ex parte nature makes it a restraining order as allowed under CR 65.03. See Common Cause of Kentucky v. Commonwealth, 143 S.W.3d 634, 636-37 (Ky.App.2004) (holding that substance and form of order made it a restraining order, despite movant's claim that it amended its motion to argue for a temporary injunction). Despite the similarity between restraining orders and temporary injunctions, distinguishing between them is important, and not simply academic, because there is no right to appeal or to seek interlocutory relief from a restraining order, unlike a temporary injunction. See CR 65.07(1) (creating a right to seek interlocutory relief only for orders related to temporary injunctions); Common Cause of Kentucky, 143 S.W.3d at 636 (The rules do not provide for appellate relief from the grant or denial of a restraining order.); 7 Phillips, Kentucky Practice Rule 65.03, at 665 (There is no right of appeal to the Court of Appeals from an order either granting, denying, modifying, or dissolving a restraining order. Appellate relief may only be sought after the [trial] court has taken action on a motion for a temporary injunction, or has entered a final judgment.). The remedy for a restraining order is a motion for the trial court to dissolve the restraining order, which has the effect of automatically ending the restraining order unless the other side has also moved for a temporary injunction. See CR 65.03(5) (dissolving the restraining order automatically upon a hearing to dissolve the order unless a motion for a temporary injunction is pending); see also Palmer-Ball v. Meigs, 456 S.W.2d 697, 697-98 (Ky.1970); 7 Phillips, Kentucky Practice Rule 65.03, at 663 (A restraining order operates as an ex parte restraint until the parties have had an opportunity to be heard on the question of interlocutory or permanent injunctive relief. When the party restrained is brought into court, or appears, the restraining order has then served its purpose, and should be extinguished. (footnote omitted)). Because the Civil Rules make no provision for appeals from restraining orders, the appellate courts lack jurisdiction to address the merits of KHSAA's claim at this time. Common Cause of Kentucky, 143 S.W.3d at 636 (If the trial court's order . . . is the [grant or] denial of a restraining order, then it is not final or otherwise reviewable and thus is not within this Court's authority to review.); cf. KRS 22A.020(2)(The Court of Appeals has jurisdiction to review interlocutory orders of the Circuit Court in civil cases, but only as authorized by rules promulgated by the Supreme Court.). Finally, it should be noted that neither of the parties has objected on the basis of a lack of jurisdiction. This Court, however, is required to address the issue sua sponte if necessary. See Hook v. Hook, 563 S.W.2d 716, 717 (Ky.1978) (Although the question is not raised by the parties or referred to in the briefs, the appellate court should determine for itself whether it is authorized to review the order appealed from.). For the foregoing reasons, the decision of the Court of Appeals shall be vacated and KHSAA's CR 65.09 motion shall be dismissed by separate order. All sitting. All concur.