Opinion ID: 71274
Heading Depth: 3
Heading Rank: 5

Heading: Testimony of Agents Twibell and Davis

Text: Tokars objects to the admission of testimony by agents Twibell and Davis regarding out-of-court statements made by Billy Carter and Greg Johnson. The government argues that Carter and Johnson's statements were admissible as co-conspirator statements under Federal Rule of Evidence 801(d)(2)(E). Tokars argues that there was no existing conspiracy at the time of the statements. Co-conspirator statements are admissible so long as the conspiracy existed, the declarant and the defendant were involved in the conspiracy, and the statement was made in the furtherance of the conspiracy. United States v. Van Hemelryck, 945 F.2d 1493, 1497-98 (11th Cir.1991). We review the district court's factual determinations that the conspiracy existed and that the statement was made in furtherance of that conspiracy under the clearly erroneous standard. See United States v. Allison, 908 F.2d 1531, 1533-34 (11th Cir.1990), cert. denied, 500 U.S. 904, 111 S.Ct. 1681, 114 L.Ed.2d 77 (1991). Based on our review of the record, we see no error in the admission of this evidence. Moreover, even assuming that the district court erred, any error was harmless.