Opinion ID: 734867
Heading Depth: 3
Heading Rank: 4

Heading: Reference to Duran's Refusal to Provide Blood and Urine Samples

Text: 24 The prosecution informed the jury two different times that Duran declined to provide blood and urine samples to the police when he turned himself in. It is undisputed that no warrant had been issued authorizing the taking of the samples. Therefore, Duran's passive refusal to consent to the warrantless search is privileged conduct which cannot be considered as evidence of criminal wrongdoing. See Winston v. Lee, 470 U.S. 753, 760-61 (1985); Schmerber v. California, 384 U.S. 757, 768-71 (1966); United States v. Prescott, 581 F.2d 1343, 1351 (9th Cir.1978). The prosecution's repeated reference to Duran's refusal to provide blood and urine samples violated Duran's Fourth Amendment rights.