Opinion ID: 4469925
Heading Depth: 1
Heading Rank: 2

Heading: standard of review

Text: We review de novo a district court’s grant of a motion to dismiss. Majestic Bldg. Maint., Inc. v. Huntington Bancshares, Inc., 864 F.3d 455, 458 (6th Cir. 2017). In doing so, we may affirm the district court’s decision on any ground that is supported by the record. La. Sch. Emps.’ Ret. Sys. v. Ernst & Young, LLP, 622 F.3d 471, 477 (6th Cir. 2010). A motion to dismiss is properly granted if the plaintiff has “fail[ed] to state a claim upon which relief can be granted.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6). To survive a motion to dismiss, the plaintiff must allege facts that, if accepted as true, are sufficient to state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face. Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555–57 (2007); see also Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a)(2). “A claim has facial plausibility when the plaintiff pleads factual content that allows the court to draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009). “Threadbare recitals of the elements of a cause of action, supported by mere conclusory statements, do not suffice.” Id. To evaluate a complaint’s sufficiency, courts in this circuit follow three steps. “First, the court must accept all of the plaintiff’s factual allegations as true. . . . Second, the court must draw all reasonable inferences in the plaintiff’s favor. . . . And third, the court must take all of those facts and inferences and determine whether they plausibly give rise to an entitlement to relief.” Doe v. Baum, 903 F.3d 575, 581 (6th Cir. 2018) (citations omitted). 6 No. 19-5406, James Bunn v. Navistar, Inc.