Opinion ID: 146973
Heading Depth: 2
Heading Rank: 2

Heading: Certification Standard

Text: Vermont law allows for the federal certification of questions of state law directly to the Vermont Supreme Court. Vt. R.App. P. 14(a); see Doe v. Newbury Bible Church, 445 F.3d 594, 596 (2d Cir.2006) (per curiam). Our circuit's rules permit us to certify questions of law to the highest court of a state.2d Cir. R. 27.2; see Preseault v. City of Burlington, 412 F.3d 96, 102 (2d Cir.2005). In considering whether to certify a question, we look at (1) the absence of authoritative state court decisions; (2) the importance of the issue to the state; and (3) the capacity of certification to resolve the litigation. O'Mara v. Town of Wappinger, 485 F.3d 693, 698 (2d Cir.2007). [3]