Opinion ID: 670507
Heading Depth: 1
Heading Rank: 1

Heading: facts

Text: 2 From August 1990 until July 1991, Woods took part in a series of robberies of armored trucks in and around Philadelphia. In September 1991, a grand jury indicted Woods for the robbery of a Brooks armored truck outside the Temple University Hospital in Philadelphia (the Temple robbery). 1 On February 7, 1992, one day after the trial began, Woods entered a guilty plea in which he admitted participating not only in the Temple robbery but also in another armored truck robbery at Amtrak 30th Street Station (the Amtrak robbery), also in Philadelphia. 3 The plea agreement provided that Woods would provide the government information about any other person who was involved in the Temple robbery, the Amtrak robbery, and any other robberies or crimes [of] which he has knowledge. The agreement also provided that if the government determines that the defendant has not provided full and truthful cooperation ... the agreement may be voided by the government and the defendant shall be subject to prosecution for any federal crime which the government has knowledge including ... perjury, obstruction of justice, and the substantive offenses arising from this investigation. 4 Woods then began supplying the FBI with information about the Temple and Amtrak robberies. He also told the FBI about two other armored truck robberies, one at a branch of the Liberty Bank and another at a Pathmark Supermarket. He later gave this same information during his testimony before a grand jury. 5 Woods' descriptions of the Temple, Amtrak, and Pathmark robberies were substantially the same as those given by other cooperating witnesses. Woods' description of the Liberty Bank robbery, however, was significantly different. To begin with, Woods denied his involvement in the Liberty Bank robbery, claiming that he had been at home when it occurred. In fact, Woods had been in a vehicle circling the vicinity of the robbery and was at the switch site acting as a lookout. More importantly for purposes of this appeal, however, Woods consistently denied that two friends of his, William Edney and Earl Glenn, were involved in the crime. The FBI later found out, however, that both Edney and Glenn had participated in the robbery, eventually gathering enough evidence to prosecute them. But Woods' conduct delayed prosecution of Edney and Glenn for eight months. 6 At Woods' sentencing hearing the district court heard testimony about Woods' conduct during the investigation of the Liberty Bank robbery. The district court found that Woods had made materially false statements to the FBI and grand jury, whereupon it concluded that the defendant 'obstructed justice' by providing materially false statements to the FBI and by committing perjury before the grand jury. The court then increased the defendant's offense level two levels pursuant to either Sec. 5K2.0 or Sec. 3C1.1. This appeal followed, in which Woods argues that the two level increase was inappropriate either as an upward adjustment pursuant to Sec. 3C1.1 or as an upward departure pursuant to Sec. 5K2.0.