Opinion ID: 2077353
Heading Depth: 1
Heading Rank: 17

Heading: Textually Demonstrable Constitutional Commitment of Issue to Coordinate Political Department

Text: As discussed, we have already determined that the free instruction provision is clearly directed to the Legislature and that the duty to adopt the method and means to furnish free instruction has been left by the state Constitution to the Legislature. [57] The plain language of the religious freedom clause also textually commits to the Legislature the duty to encourage schools: it shall be the duty of the Legislature to pass suitable laws ... to encourage schools and the means of instruction. [58] However, the U.S. Supreme Court has stated: [T]he concept of a textual commitment to a coordinate political department is not completely separate from the concept of a lack of judicially discoverable and manageable standards for resolving [the second test]; the lack of judicially manageable standards may strengthen the conclusion that there is a textual demonstrable commitment to a coordinate branch. [59]