Opinion ID: 199833
Heading Depth: 2
Heading Rank: 2

Heading: Unlawful Arrest (Lopez-Lopez)

Text: 15 Lopez-Lopez argues that the district court erred by refusing to suppress all evidence obtained from his arrest, as well as the arrests of Luciano and Santana, 3 all of which he alleges were without probable cause. Lopez-Lopez concedes that he did not raise the unlawful arrest argument in the district court and that it is therefore forfeited. Nonetheless, he argues that under United States v. Olano, 507 U.S. 725, 731-32, 113 S.Ct. 1770, 123 L.Ed.2d 508 (1993), there was a plain error affecting substantial rights and, accordingly, this court should provide relief. We treat his argument as waived under Rule 12(f) rather than as forfeited. 16 Fed.R.Crim.P. 12(b) requires that motions to suppress be raised prior to trial. Rule 12(f) provides that a [f]ailure by a party to so move shall constitute waiver. A court may grant relief from the waiver if a party shows cause. 4 Fed. R.Crim.P. 12(f). Lopez-Lopez did not move to suppress the fruits of the allegedly unlawful arrests prior to trial and so his argument is waived under Rule 12(f). United States v. Bashorun, 225 F.3d 9, 13 (1st Cir.2000); United States v. Torres, 162 F.3d 6, 10-11 (1st Cir.1998). Lopez-Lopez has not even attempted to offer an explanation for his failure to move to suppress. He has not shown cause for relief and so his argument is waived. Fed. R.Crim.P. 12(f). 17 The plain error review that Lopez-Lopez requests would be inconsistent with, and would allow Lopez-Lopez to escape from, his noncompliance with Rule 12. The argument has been waived and he has shown no cause for relief. The district court record is insufficiently developed, due to Lopez-Lopez's own failure to raise the issue, to permit reliable appellate review. United States v. Nuñez, 19 F.3d 719, 722, 723 n. 10 (1st Cir.1994); see also Torres, 162 F.3d at 11 n. 2 (plain error review doctrine inapplicable where defendant has failed to develop factual record related to his suppression argument). That ends the matter. 18