Opinion ID: 1320911
Heading Depth: 4
Heading Rank: 1

Heading: Implementation Prong

Text: Under the implementation prong, a court must determine whether defendants' implementation of PBMAS follow[s] through with practices, resources and personnel necessary to transform the [educational] theory into reality. Castaneda, 648 F.2d at 1010. Essentially, this Court must scrutinize whether defendants have made a bona fide effort[ ] to make the program work. Id. According to the district court, defendants failed the implementation prong because PBMAS, as implemented, cannot effectively monitor the progress of LEP programs and students. LULAC IV, 572 F.Supp.2d at 765. The trial court identified a variety of flaws that rendered the system ineffective: (1) the absence of equality based comparisons, (2) under-identification of LEP students, and (3) the aggregation of data at the district level.