Opinion ID: 6497769
Heading Depth: 4
Heading Rank: 3

Heading: All Claims

Text: We hold above that there is a genuine dispute of material fact as to whether the class members are employees or independent contractors—under Borello for the expense reimbursement claims and under the business-to-business exception for the overtime claims. But there is also a genuine dispute of material fact as to whether the class members ever incurred reimbursable expenses or ever worked overtime. Thus, summary judgment was also improper for the very same reason that the class certification was: a putative employer cannot be liable to an entire class of putative employees for failing to reimburse their business expenses and pay them overtime unless the putative employer in fact failed to do so for each of them. We reject plaintiffs’ request that we rule, on appeal, that FAS, as 17 a matter of law, cannot invoke the business-to-business exception as to any class member. We do not foreclose the district court from determining, on remand, that FAS may not rely on the business-tobusiness exception as to a particular class member, should the undisputed evidence as to that class member so warrant. BOWERMAN V. FIELD ASSET SERVICES 41