Opinion ID: 3044256
Heading Depth: 2
Heading Rank: 3

Heading: the faa and the new york convention

Text: Two chapters of Title 9 to the United States Code are relevant to this appeal: (1) Chapter 1, which contains the FAA, 9 U.S.C. §§ 1–16, and (2) Chapter 2, which contains the Convention Act, 9 U.S.C. §§ 201–208.3 We review these laws as necessary background. Congress enacted the FAA to combat widespread hostility to arbitration. American Express Co. v. Italian Colors Restaurant, 570 U.S. ___, ___ 133 S. Ct. 2304, 2308–09 (2013). The FAA “reflects the overarching principle that arbitration is a matter of contract.” Id. at ___, 133 S. Ct. at 2309. The Convention Act implements the New York Convention. See 9 U.S.C. § 201; see also New York Convention, art. II(3) and III, June 10, 1958, 21 U.S.T. 3 This opinion uses “the FAA” to refer to 9 U.S.C. §§ 1–16 and “the Convention Act” to refer to 9 U.S.C. §§ 201–208. Although courts often refer to the entirety of Title 9 as the Federal Arbitration Act, this Court has differentiated between Chapter 1 and Chapter 2 because the terms of the two chapters call for such differentiation. See Bautista, 396 F.3d at 1292 n.2. 5 Case: 14-11793 Date Filed: 06/25/2015 Page: 6 of 26 2517 (Dec. 29, 1970). 4 The Convention Act provides that the New York Convention “shall be enforced in United States courts in accordance with this chapter.” 9 U.S.C. § 201. In turn, the New York Convention provides that the United States “shall recognize an agreement in writing under which the parties undertake to submit to arbitration all or any differences which have arisen or which may arise between them in respect of a defined legal relationship, whether contractual or not, concerning a subject matter capable of settlement by arbitration.” New York Convention, art. II(1). The New York Convention generally requires the courts of signatory nations to give effect to private arbitration agreements and to enforce arbitral awards made in other signatory nations. New York Convention, art. II(3) and III. Both the Bahamas and the United States are signatories to the New York Convention. See Lindo v. NCL (Bahamas), Ltd., 652 F.3d 1257, 1262 (11th Cir. 2011).