Opinion ID: 778180
Heading Depth: 2
Heading Rank: 7

Heading: The Count-One Convictions of Bruce, Carf, and Grimes

Text: 95 Finally, as indicated at the outset of this opinion, the government concedes the correctness of the contention of Bruce, Carf, and Grimes that under Rutledge v. United States, 517 U.S. 292, 116 S.Ct. 1241, 134 L.Ed.2d 419, they could not be convicted of both continuing criminal enterprise and a narcotics conspiracy that is a lesser included offense of the CCE. This principle requires the reversal of the convictions of those three defendants on count one of the superseding indictment. 96 We note that the Rutledge principle does not affect the convictions of these defendants on count two of the superseding indictment, which charged an unlawful conspiracy to distribute narcotics in proximity to a school zone in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 860. Because one element of the § 860 offense, i.e., proximity to a school zone, is not an element in the CCE offense, the § 860 offense is not included in the CCE offense.