Opinion ID: 683881
Heading Depth: 5
Heading Rank: 1

Heading: The evidence may only refer to character for untruthfulness, and

Text: 13 (2) evidence of truthful character is admissible only after the character of the witness for truthfulness has been attacked by opinion or reputation evidence or otherwise. 14 Rule 701 governs opinion testimony by lay witnesses. Rule 701 states: 15 If the witness is not testifying as an expert, the witness' testimony in the form of opinions or inferences is limited to those opinions or inferences which are (a) rationally based on the perception of the witness and (b) helpful to a clear understanding of the witness' testimony or the determination of a fact in issue. 16 Fed.R.Evid. 701. Groll submits that Beulow's testimony was admissible to attack Smothers' credibility. We disagree. Beulow's proffered testimony consisted of a recitation of how Smothers used her for financial gain. See Trial Tr. at 200. This evidence does not pertain to a fact in issue. Whether Smothers was an untruthful person because of a past relationship with a third party is not connected to whether Groll was predisposed to commit the crime or whether the government induced her to commit the crime. The district court did not abuse its discretion in refusing to admit Beulow's testimony.