Opinion ID: 213952
Heading Depth: 3
Heading Rank: 3

Heading: Colorado Avenue Subsite

Text: In 1993, the EPA issued a unilateral administrative order requiring Dravo to remediate soil and ground water contamination at the Colorado Avenue Subsite. Several of the City's water production wells are within the vicinity of the Colorado Avenue Subsite and were contaminated with TCE. At the recommendation of the NDOH, the City removed the contaminated wells from service and relocated parts of its water supply system by installing new wells, mains, and related improvements. Though the exact date is unknown, the City began its ongoing efforts to provide alternative water supplies at least as early as 1986. On September 27, 2001, the government sued Dravo under § 107(a) to recover costs incurred in response to the release of hazardous substances at the Colorado Avenue Subsite. See United States v. Dravo, No. 8:01 CV500 (D. Neb. filed Sept. 27, 2001). On November 26, 2001, Dravo joined the City as a third-party defendant, seeking contribution from the City for the federal government's response costs. The City asserted counterclaims against Dravo for contribution. The City alleged the hazardous substances released by Dravo migrated and contaminated the City's ground water, requiring water system replacements at significant cost to the City. On January 24, 2006, Dravo and the City entered into a settlement and release agreement to resolve certain claims between them. As part of the agreement, the City reserved its claims against Dravo for any contamination migrating from the Colorado Avenue Subsite to other locations in the Site, including Well-D. On May 24, 2006, the district court approved a consent decree requiring Dravo to take various actions to clean up TCE contamination at the Colorado Avenue Subsite.