Opinion ID: 604362
Heading Depth: 3
Heading Rank: 1

Heading: Judicial Act

Text: 8 In determining whether an act is judicial, we consider the nature of the act itself, i.e., whether it is a function normally performed by a judge. Crooks, 913 F.2d at 700 (internal quotations omitted) (judge protected by absolute judicial immunity when he used his contempt power to enforce administrative order he had previously issued). Although absolute judicial immunity does not extend to administrative, legislative and executive functions that a judge may perform, id. (citing Forrester v. White, 484 U.S. 219, 227-29 (1988)), immunity applies [a]s long as the judge's ultimate acts are judicial actions taken within the court's subject matter jurisdiction.... Ashelman, 793 F.2d at 1078 (emphasis added) (focus is upon the judge's ultimate acts rather than his underlying actions). In Ashelman, this court concluded that although the actions of the judge and prosecutor in conspiring to predetermine the outcome of a judicial proceeding were improper, they were nonetheless entitled to immunity. Id.