Opinion ID: 2974901
Heading Depth: 1
Heading Rank: 7

Heading: “Readoption” of all Pretrial Motions

Text: Finally, without citing any authority, Kennedy’s brief “readopt[s] and reincorporat[es]” all of his pretrial motions. “The incorporation by reference of arguments made at various stages of the proceeding in the district court does not comply with the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure,” and we have explicitly disallowed this practice. Northland Ins. Co. v. Stewart Title Guar. Co., 327 F.3d 448, 452 (6th Cir. 2003) (citing Fed. R. App. P. 28(a)(9)); see also Snyder v. United States, 23 F. App’x 212, 213 (6th Cir. 2001) (“Snyder’s attempt to merely incorporate his district court claims by reference does not serve as an appellate argument.”). We deem these additional arguments forfeited. Northland, 327 F.3d at 452-53 (citation omitted).