Opinion ID: 445690
Heading Depth: 1
Heading Rank: 6

Heading: constitutional defects in the cce statute.

Text: 47 Becton contends that the words organizer, supervisor, or manager as used in the CCE statute are impermissibly vague. This challenge has already been rejected, in this and other circuits. United States v. Losada, 674 F.2d 167, 174-75 n. 5 (2d Cir.) cert. denied, 457 U.S. 1125, 102 S.Ct. 2945, 73 L.Ed.2d 1341 (1982); United States v. Valenzuela, 596 F.2d 1361, 1366 (9th Cir.1979), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 865, 100 S.Ct. 136, 62 L.Ed.2d 88 (1980); United States v. Kirk, 534 F.2d 1262, 1277-78 (8th Cir.1976). Becton further argues that the statute denies him due process because its prohibition of parole or probation deprives the sentencing judge of essential discretion. This challenge has also been consistently rejected. See United States v. Phillips, 664 F.2d 971, 1042-43 (5th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 457 U.S. 1136, 102 S.Ct. 2965, 73 L.Ed.2d 1354, 459 U.S. 906, 103 S.Ct. 208, 74 L.Ed.2d 166 (1982); United States v. Sperling, 560 F.2d 1050, 1057 (2d Cir.1977). 48 With regard to Becton's sentence, however, we observe that our vacation of one of the Travel Act convictions may be a factor for the district court to take into account should the defendant seek reconsideration of the sentence under Fed.R.Crim.P. 35. 49