Opinion ID: 27
Heading Depth: 1
Heading Rank: 6

Heading: The Title VII Retaliation Claims Were Properly Dismissed

Text: Uphoff appeals the district court's dismissal of his Title VII retaliation claims against all defendants. Because plaintiffs may not bring Title VII suits against individual employees, Fantini v. Salem State Coll., 557 F.3d 22, 28-31 (1st Cir.2009), the dismissal against all individual defendants was proper. The dismissal of Uphoff's claim against PREPA was also proper. Uphoff was required to exhaust his administrative remedies before suing in federal court, including by filing a complaint with the Equal Opportunity Employment Commission (EEOC). Frederique-Alexandre v. Dep't of Natural & Envtl. Res., 478 F.3d 433, 440 (1st Cir.2007); Jorge v. Rumsfeld, 404 F.3d 556, 564-65 (1st Cir.2005). Nothing in Uphoff's complaint or the record shows Uphoff ever filed any complaint with the EEOC, let alone any claim of retaliation.