Opinion ID: 720952
Heading Depth: 1
Heading Rank: 1

Heading: Motion to Strike Answering Brief

Text: 3 We first address Dr. Flowers' motion to strike defendants' answering brief. In support of their opposition to Dr. Flowers' emergency motion for stay or injunction of state administrative proceedings, the RICO defendants attached a supplemental affidavit and exhibits that were not part of the record before the district court. Defendants frequently cite to this supplemental material in their brief for this appeal. They contend that the material is a subsequent development of which this court can take notice under Middlesex County Ethics Comm'n v. Garden State Bar Ass'n, 457 U.S. 423 (1982). 4 Contrary to defendants' assertions, Middlesex contemplates the recognition of independent developments subsequent to the proceedings below; it does not contemplate shifts in litigation strategy such as defendants' new willingness to make voluntary disclosures of evidence in their possession at the time of the district court proceedings. Because the supplemental material is not part of the record on appeal as defined by Fed.R.App.P. 10, references to it violate Ninth Cir.R. 28-2.8. Accordingly, we strike from defendants' brief all references to materials not part of the record before the district court, and we give them no consideration in adjudicating this appeal. See Kirshner v. Uniden Corp. of America, 842 F.2d 1074, 1077-78 (9th Cir.1988) (holding that [p]apers not filed with the district court ... are not part of the clerk's record and cannot be part of the record on appeal). Dr. Flowers' motion to strike is denied in all other respects. 5