Opinion ID: 4521334
Heading Depth: 3
Heading Rank: 1

Heading: standard of review

Text: We review a district court order denying class certification for abuse of discretion as to the ultimate decision and as to each of the Rule 23 requirements. Myers, 624 F.3d at 547. We review legal conclusions de novo and factual findings for clear error. Id. This standard means that the district court 'is empowered to make a decision -- of its choosing -- that falls within a range of permissible decisions,' and we will only find 'abuse' when the district court's decision 'rests on an error of law or a clearly erroneous factual finding, or its decision cannot be located within the range of permissible decisions.' Id. 18 (alterations omitted) (quoting Zervos v. Verizon N.Y., Inc., 252 F.3d 163, 169 (2d Cir. 2001)).