Opinion ID: 4561955
Heading Depth: 3
Heading Rank: 1

Heading: Valid Applications

Text: Our prior reasoning with respect to the Statutes’ valid applications retains its force. We explained that the Statutes’ requirements validly apply when producers create sexually explicit depictions showing young-looking performers who could be children. FSC II, 787 F.3d at 161. We determined that this “legitimate sweep of the Statutes is vast” because a careful examination of the expert testimony at trial revealed that there is a substantial universe of online pornography depicting young-looking performers. Id. For instance, the Government’s expert, Gail Dines, identified that “the top three pornographic Internet websites contain 17.97 million pages” with “words clearly related to young adults,” amounting to “34.2% of all pages within these pornographic sites.” Id. 33 (footnote omitted). And, that 17.97 million-page estimate understated “the full swath of sexually explicit materials to which the Statutes validly apply.” Id. at 162. Moreover, “after examining all 61 categories of pornographic material on a top pornographic website — at the time, the 40th most visited website in the United States — Dines found that the overriding image is of a youthful looking woman.” Id. (quotation marks omitted). It is clear that the Statutes’ valid applications are extensive.