Opinion ID: 198181
Heading Depth: 3
Heading Rank: 1

Heading: When Did the Time Begin to Accrue?

Text: 35 The first issue to be resolved is when the speedy trial clock began to tick. Section 3161(c)(1) requires that a defendant be tried within 70 days of the occurrence of one of two events: the filing of the indictment or the defendant's appearance before a judicial officer of the court in which such charge is pending, whichever date last occurs. 18 U.S.C. § 3161(c)(1). 36 Barnes, relying on a separate provision of the Act that governs the tolling of time for unreasonable delays associated with the transfer of defendants, argues that any amount of time above and beyond the 10 days between the entry of the order compelling her removal from New York and her actual arrival in Massachusetts should count toward the 70-day limit. Section 3161(h)(1)(H) provides that any unreasonable delay resulting from the transfer of a defendant is includable, and mandates that any such delay in excess of ten days from the date of the order directing transportation and the defendant's arrival at the destination be presumed unreasonable. 37 Barnes's reliance on this provision to start the speedy trial clock is misplaced. It is a tolling provision, not one that sets forth the events that trigger the start of the 70-day period in which a trial must be held. The pre-indictment or pre-appearance transfer of a defendant is not explicitly listed as one of the only two triggering events in section 3161(c)(1), and we decline to read into that provision what was not expressly included by Congress. Accordingly, while delay resulting from such a transfer may count toward the 30-day arrest-to-indictment period, see 18 U.S.C. § 3161(b), it does not start the 70-day speedy trial clock. The delay resulting from the transfer of Barnes from New York to Massachusetts thus took place well before the clock even began to run. 38 Applying the terms of the Act, we conclude that time on Barnes's speedy trial clock began to accrue on September 26, 1995, the day after her first appearance before a magistrate judge in the District of Massachusetts. The date of the conference, is, of course, excludable as a proceeding concerning the defendant. United States v. Santiago-Becerril, 130 F.3d 11, 16 (1st Cir.1997). The clock stopped on May 19, 1997, Barnes's first day of trial. A total of 601 days passed between the start of the speedy trial clock and the date it stopped for good on May 19, 1997. We now evaluate which of these days are excludable and which must be counted toward the 70-day deadline.