Opinion ID: 197918
Heading Depth: 1
Heading Rank: 8

Heading: the six individual defendants

Text: 76 We need not linger long over MSL's claims against the Six Individual Defendants. 13 This sextet comprises the ABA's consultant (White), plus the five members of the site-visit team (Garcia-Pedrosa, Nahstoll, Smith, Strickland, and Winograd). Judge Lasker dismissed MSL's breach of contract claim against these persons under Rule 12(b)(6) and entered summary judgment in their favor on MSL's remaining claims. 77 Our review is swift because [w]e have steadfastly deemed waived issues raised on appeal in a perfunctory manner, not accompanied by developed argumentation. United States v. Bongiorno, 106 F.3d 1027, 1034 (1st Cir.1997). An issue lacks developed argumentation if the appellant merely mentions it as a possible argument in the most skeletal way, leaving the court to do counsel's work. United States v. Zannino, 895 F.2d 1, 17 (1st Cir.1990). 78 This is such a case. MSL's brief focuses mainly on the ABA and does not make any real attempt to construct a reasoned argument that would call into legitimate question the district court's rulings with regard to the Six Individual Defendants. Of course, with a record appendix that boasts more than 6,500 pages, MSL has furnished a welter of paper, but it has not arrayed these plethoric evidentiary materials in any systematic way vis-a-vis these defendants. Instead, MSL strives to bind together several mounds of proof, quasi-proof, and unsubstantiated allegations together with desultory rhetoric. More is required to pass muster under Bongiorno and Zannino. Accordingly, MSL has forfeited any objection to the lower court's entry of judgment in favor of the Six Individual Defendants.