Opinion ID: 4530397
Heading Depth: 3
Heading Rank: 1

Heading: Aggravated Bank Robbery

Text: We first look to Smith’s predicate aggravated bank robbery conviction in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2113(a) and (d). As we previously stated, “§ 2113(a) constitutes a crime of violence” under Section 924(c)(3)(A)’s elements clause. United States v. Pervis, 937 F.3d 546, 553 (5th Cir. 2019); see also United States v. Cheers, 760 F. App’x 272, 273–74 (5th Cir. 2019) (per curiam) (same with regard to a predicate offense of aiding and abetting an armed bank robbery, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2113(a), (d)). In turn, because Smith’s federal bank robbery offense is a COV under the elements clause, his firearm convictions survive Smith’s habeas challenge. See Reece, 938 F.3d at 637 (“Federal bank robbery constitutes a COV” under § 924(c)(3)(A) “‘because the least culpable conduct under that statute requires, at a minimum, an implicit threat to use force.’”) (quoting United States v. Cadena, 728 F. App’x 381, 382 (5th Cir. 2018)