Opinion ID: 4394859
Heading Depth: 2
Heading Rank: 3

Heading: Jane

Text: Jane submitted a restitution request for $3,000. In support of her request, Jane submitted a victim impact statement, a psychological report, and an economic report. In her victim impact statement, Jane specifically described how the online trade in her child pornography images had affected and would continue to affect her. Jane explained: “Knowing people are watching what happened gives me a mix of anxiety, sadness, anger and it disgusts me. . . . If it wasn’t out there, I wouldn’t be as fearful as I am now.” Jane elaborated that the circulation of her 1 Throughout we refer to how many images of a victim Rothenberg had. Each of the images recounted in this case were child pornography, and for brevity sometimes we refer to them simply as “images.” 8 Case: 17-12349 Date Filed: 05/08/2019 Page: 9 of 67 images made her feel afraid and unsafe because she worried that someone who had seen her images online might recognize her and try to harm her. Jane felt that her future would not be “very bright” and would be lonely because the existence of her images online made her socially isolated. Jane’s psychological evaluation was performed by Dr. Jennifer Clark in December 2014 “to determine the psychological effects of her continuous revictimization in the form of Internet pornographic images and videos of her being exchanged and viewed.” Dr. Clark opined that the online trade in Jane’s images was currently impacting her, causing her great fear and anxiety and leaving her feeling unsafe and vulnerable. Dr. Clark observed that the trade in Jane’s images would continue to impact her in the future by exacerbating her “deep sense of mistrust in others” from the original abuse and hindering her healing and recovery process. Dr. Clark explained: “[Jane’s] awareness of the ongoing presence and distribution of [her] images will remain an ever present trigger to memories of what happened and a source of fear for her safety, and thus, ongoing psychological distress. Therefore, Jane will require therapy throughout her life. . . . Given that much of Jane’s distress manifests in somatic symptoms and physiological distress, she likely will also seek and need significant medical attention in the future.” 9 Case: 17-12349 Date Filed: 05/08/2019 Page: 10 of 67 Jane’s economic evaluation estimated that she would have future medical and therapy costs of $101,027, and lost wages of between approximately $1.9 and $3.9 million. The government agreed that Jane’s $3,000 restitution request was appropriate. The government noted that seven other defendants had been ordered to pay restitution to Jane. Three of those seven defendants were ordered to pay $1,000, two were ordered to pay $2,500, one was ordered to pay $3,000, and one was ordered to pay $500. Rothenberg disputed Jane’s requested amount and argued that a restitution amount of $800 would be appropriate. Rothenberg noted that he possessed four images of Jane and that the average award to Jane from the prior cases was $1,642. Rothenberg acknowledged that Jane’s restitution materials were “the best of all provided to attempt disaggregation,” but argued his possession did not warrant a $3,000 award when compared with other defendants. Specifically, Rothenberg noted that one of the prior cases with a $1,000 restitution order involved distribution, and three of the other cases involved receipt of Jane’s images.