Opinion ID: 1351145
Heading Depth: 3
Heading Rank: 1

Heading: Green error

Text: (51) Defendant asserts the kidnappings alleged as the second special circumstance were merely incidental to the murders, and that under People v. Green, supra, 27 Cal.3d 1, the special circumstance finding is invalid. The record, however, discloses the kidnappings were not incidental to the murders, but were committed to facilitate defendant's separate sex-slave fantasy. The court instructed the jury, pursuant to Green, that the special circumstance referred to in these instructions is not established if the kidnapping was merely incidental to the commission of murder. We thus reject defendant's suggestion that the jury was not apprised of the Green requirement. We likewise reject his suggestion the evidence was insufficient to establish the Green requirement. The record, as set out above, contains substantial evidence showing the kidnappings were not merely incidental to the murders, and that the murders were committed to facilitate successful kidnapping and rape.