Opinion ID: 1354957
Heading Depth: 2
Heading Rank: 1

Heading: Federal Recognition of Tribal Status

Text: We hold that both the Quapaw and Seneca-Cayuga are federally recognized tribes. Congressional authority to regulate commerce with Indian tribes has its origin in the United States Constitution. [12] The Quapaw and Seneca-Cayuga Tribes are acknowledged by federal statutes [13] and are listed in the Federal Register. [14] Federal recognition may also be inferred by the Department of Interior's approval of tribal enactments or deference to Indian consent. [15] Both the Seneca-Cayuga and Quapaw distinguish their history from that of the Five Civilized Tribes, claiming that the termination of their tribal status was not scheduled to occur with the disestablishment and assimilation of the Five Civilized Tribes. [16] We recognize that the history of the Quapaw and the Seneca-Cayuga diverges from that of the Five Civilized Tribes, with federally-acknowledged status of the Quapaw and Seneca-Cayuga continuing in force. To the extent that extant Oklahoma case law may be construed to reach a contrary conclusion, it is hereby disapproved and withdrawn. [17]