Opinion ID: 670324
Heading Depth: 2
Heading Rank: 5

Heading: Propriety of jury instruction

Text: 35 The district court used the disjunctive or (as in, knew or was in reckless disregard) when instructing the jury on the mental state required to violate 8 U.S.C. Sec. 1324(a)(1)(B). Jimenez contends that because the indictment charged her with transporting an alien ... knowing and in reckless disregard of the fact of the alien's illegal status, the district court erred in instructing using the disjunctive or. 36 United States v. Carter, 454 F.2d 525, 526 (9th Cir.1972), disposes of Jimenez' contention. Addressing the same argument, we held:  'it is still proper to charge conjunctively the elements of a crime which is denounced disjunctively in the statute, and a finding of any one of the said elements will support a verdict of guilty.'  Id. (quoting Arellanes v. United States, 302 F.2d 603, 609 (9th Cir.1962)). The law has not changed since Carter and thus the district court did not err.