Opinion ID: 1722556
Heading Depth: 1
Heading Rank: 1

Heading: This court has on numerous occasions stated:

Text: A plea of guilty freely and voluntarily entered in open court is a waiver of trial and defense and a submission without contest. It waives all defenses except that the indictment or information charges no offense, and, of course, the right to challenge the plea itself. State v. Everhart, Iowa, 243 N.W.2d 574, 575 (guilty plea waived challenge to venue); Zacek v. Brewer, Iowa, 241 N.W.2d 41, 50; (guilty plea was set aside because involuntary); State v. Sudduth, Iowa, 224 N.W.2d 19, 21 (guilty plea waived error concerning written confession); State v. Horstman, Iowa, 218 N.W.2d 604, 605 (guilty plea waived defendant's claim he was charged under the wrong statute); State v. McGee, Iowa, 211 N.W.2d 267, 268 (defendant foreclosed from complaint as to time lapse between information and plea); State v. Burtlow, Iowa, 210 N.W.2d 438, 439 (Miranda issue waived by guilty plea); State v. Culbert, Iowa, 188 N.W.2d 325, 326 (defendant waived confession issue by pleading guilty); Toogood v. Brewer, Iowa, 187 N.W.2d 748, 750 (defendant waived factual dispute by pleading guilty); State v. Brace, Iowa, 181 N.W.2d 244, 246 (defendant waived any potential defense regarding time lapse in being taken before a magistrate); State v. Jackson, Iowa, 173 N.W.2d 567, 570 (objections to identification procedure are waived by guilty plea). In 25 Drake L.Rev. 360, Guilty Pleas (published in 1975) our opinions are carefully and thoroughly discussed and analyzed. At page 371 the writer concludes: When an Iowa defendant pleads guilty, he may as well forget about supposed `irregularities' that preceded it. Here the challenge goes beyond a claimed irregularity. Argument is made that the information charges no offense because of claimed unconstitutionality of the statute. Thus this court is faced with a question of first impression. Therefore we may consider cases from other jurisdictions. In Blackledge v. Perry, 417 U.S. 21, 30, 94 S.Ct. 2098, 2103, 40 L.Ed.2d 628, 636 (1974) the court held a defendant's claim of double jeopardy was not waived by a plea of guilty because the constitutional claim went to the very power of the State to bring the defendant into court to answer the charge brought against him. The court noted the right asserted was the right not to be haled into court at all upon the felony charge. Blackledge was followed in Menna v. New York, 423 U.S. 61, 63, 96 S.Ct. 241, 242, 46 L.Ed.2d 195, 198 (1975) where the court stated: We do not hold that a double jeopardy claim may never be waived. We simply hold that . . . judged on its facethe charge is one which the State may not constitutionally prosecute. Other courts have cited and adopted the Blackledge holding. See Green v. Estelle, 5 Cir., 524 F.2d 1243, 1244; United States v. Sams, 3 Cir., 521 F.2d 421, 427; United States v. Bluso, 4 Cir., 519 F.2d 473, 474; Inge v. Slayton, E.D.Va., 395 F.Supp. 560, 565, 566; State v. Cody, Mo., 525 S.W.2d 333, 335. In People v. Johnson, 396 Mich. 424, 444, 240 N.W.2d 729, 739, cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 97 S.Ct. 370, 50 L.Ed.2d 319, the court stated:   . Certainly it is true that those rights which might provide a complete defense to a criminal prosecution, those which undercut the state's interest in punishing the defendant, or the state's authority or ability to proceed with the trial may never be waived by guilty plea.   . We hold that if an indictment or county attorney's information facially shows a charge on which the State may not constitutionally prosecute, then a plea of guilty subsequent to an adverse ruling on a demurrer does not waive the claimed unconstitutionality as no offense is stated.