Opinion ID: 1159122
Heading Depth: 1
Heading Rank: 2

Heading: keystone

Text: Like the defendant in World-Wide Volkswagon, Keystone carries on no activity whatsoever in Idaho. It avails itself of none of the privileges or benefits of Idaho law. It does not attempt to service helicopters here nor did it service a helicopter for an Idaho resident. The record establishes that Keystone serviced the helicopter in question not for decedent's employer but for a Pennsylvania corporation. Under the rule of World-Wide Volkswagon, we cannot predicate jurisdiction on the fortuitous circumstance that a helicopter serviced in Pennsylvania by a Pennsylvania corporation for a Pennsylvania corporation happened to be purchased by an Idaho corporation and was involved in an accident which resulted in the death of an Idaho resident. Plaintiff argues that Keystone, by its advertising, has attempted to serve an Idaho market for its helicopter repair service and so should be subject to the jurisdiction of Idaho courts. [1] Her affidavit shows that Keystone advertises in a national publication that it has service centers in Pennsylvania, Florida and Arizona. This affidavit while showing that Keystone attempted to serve markets in Pennsylvania, Florida and Arizona does not show that Keystone has attempted to serve an Idaho market. Plaintiff made no showing that the advertisement was ever circulated in Idaho or was ever relied upon by a resident of this state in procuring Keystone's services. The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals in Uston v. Grand Resorts, Inc., 564 F.2d 1217 (9th Cir.1977), held that an advertisement, standing by itself, is insufficient to rebut corporate denials of activities within a state. A similar holding was reached in Jacobs v. Lakewood Aircraft Service, Inc., 493 F. Supp. 46 (E.D.Pa. 1980), where the court held that jurisdiction would not be predicated on advertising alone absent a showing that defendant launched an intensive and sustained advertising campaign in the forum state itself. Plaintiff has not made such a showing. [2] In Markby v. St. Anthony Hospital Systems, 647 P.2d 1068 (Wyo. 1982), the court held that where there was no nexus between defendant's only activity in Wyoming and plaintiff's cause of action the defendant did not have sufficient minimum contacts with the state as to confer jurisdiction on Wyoming courts. [3] In this case, Keystone's only involvement with the helicopter came about not because of its advertisements in Idaho but because of its ownership of the subject helicopter prior to its purchase by Cambria and its later service contract with Cambria for maintenance. Since there was no nexus between Keystone's advertising and plaintiff's cause of action, its advertising was not sufficient to subject it to the jurisdiction of Idaho courts. Plaintiff argues that Keystone delivers its services into the stream of commerce with the expectation that consumers from other states would employ their services and therefore should be subject to Idaho court jurisdiction. The stream of commerce cases essentially hold that [t]he forum State does not exceed its powers under the Due Process Clause if it asserts personal jurisdiction over a corporation that delivers its products into the stream of commerce with the expectation they will be purchased by consumers in the forum State. World-Wide Volkswagon, 444 U.S. at 297-98, 100 S.Ct. at 567 (emphasis added). In Doggett v. Electronics Corp. of America, 93 Idaho 26, 454 P.2d 63 (1969), manufacturers of steam boiler components were held to have sufficient contacts with Idaho for our courts to assume jurisdiction over them. We there held: In placing their goods in the flow of interstate commerce, the respondents must have had the reasonable expectation that such items would be shipped indiscriminately through the United States. If dangerously defective goods are placed in the interstate flow of commerce, those whose negligence created the defect should be prepared to defend themselves wherever injury should occur. Id. at 31-32, 454 P.2d at 68-69. In Duignan v. A.H. Robins Co., 98 Idaho 134, 559 P.2d 750 (1977), a manufacturer of intrauterine devices was held subject to the jurisdiction of Idaho courts. We there held that its placement of defective goods into the interstate flow of commerce was sufficient to confer jurisdiction on Idaho courts. Id. at 138, 559 P.2d at 754. Keystone is not a manufacturer of goods. It does not send a product into the flow of interstate commerce expecting that product to be purchased by consumers in other states. The manufacturers in Doggett and Duignan could contemplate that their products would reach consumers nationally. Keystone, however, provides a service. Unlike the manufacturers in the above cases, Keystone serves a more localized market with its customers having to come to it for service at one of its three service centers. The fact that the helicopters Keystone services are by definition mobile and so will not remain in the states where serviced is not dispositive. As was stated in World-Wide Volkswagon the mere `unilateral activity of those who claim some relationship with a nonresident defendant cannot satisfy the requirement of contact with the forum State.' World-Wide Volkswagon, 444 U.S. at 298, 100 S.Ct. at 567 (citing Hanson v. Denckla, 357 U.S. at 253, 78 S.Ct. at 1239-40). In conclusion, Keystone has no agents in the State of Idaho; it has no offices here and there has been no showing that it has ever done business here; it injects no products into the stream of commerce and there has been no showing that it has attempted to serve an Idaho market by means of its advertising. In short, it avails itself of none of the privileges or benefits of Idaho law. We therefore hold that Keystone has insufficient contacts with the State of Idaho for our courts to exercise jurisdiction over it consistent with due process principles. The trial court's order granting Cambria and Keystone's motions to quash service of summons and dismiss for lack of jurisdiction is affirmed. Costs to Cambria and Keystone. DONALDSON, C.J., and SHEPARD, BAKES and HUNTLEY, JJ., concur.