Opinion ID: 3162246
Heading Depth: 2
Heading Rank: 1

Heading: Exhaustion Requirement Principles

Text: A state prisoner is required to exhaust the remedies available to him in state court before asserting a claim in a § 2254 petition. 28 U.S.C. § 2254(b)(1)(A). The prisoner must fairly present the claim to the state courts. Ogle v. Johnson, 488 F.3d 1364, 1368 (11th Cir. 2007). Thus, the prisoner “must give the state courts one full opportunity to resolve any constitutional issues by invoking one complete round of the State’s established appellate review process.” O’Sullivan v. Boerckel, 526 U.S. 838, 845, 119 S. Ct. 1728, 1732 (1999). If a petitioner fails to exhaust his state remedies, and those state remedies are no longer available, then that failure is a procedural default that will bar federal habeas relief, unless the petitioner can meet the cause and prejudice exception. Smith v. Jones, 256 F.3d 1135, 1138 (11th Cir. 2001). A procedurally defaulted claim may be reviewed if the petitioner demonstrates cause for the default and prejudice resulting from the default. Henderson v. Campbell, 353 F.3d 880, 892 (11th Cir. 2003). A petitioner presents cause for the procedural default if an objective factor external to his defense impeded his ability to raise the claim in state court. Id. A petitioner demonstrates prejudice if he shows a reasonable probability that the result of the proceedings would have been different, but for the error. Id. 8 Case: 14-14573 Date Filed: 12/14/2015 Page: 9 of 12 Generally, any ineffective assistance from counsel during collateral-review proceedings does not provide cause to excuse a procedural default. Id. However, “[w]here, under state law, claims of ineffective assistance of trial counsel must be raised in an initial-review collateral proceeding, a procedural default will not bar a federal habeas court from hearing a substantial claim of ineffective assistance at trial if, in the initial-review collateral proceeding, there was no counsel or counsel in that proceeding was ineffective.” Martinez v. Ryan, 566 U.S. ___, ___, 132 S. Ct. 1309, 1320 (2012). This exception does not extend to attorney errors made in appeals from initial-review collateral proceedings. See id. (“The holding in this case does not concern attorney errors in . . . appeals from initial-review collateral proceedings.”).