Opinion ID: 1439776
Heading Depth: 1
Heading Rank: 5

Heading: Double Jeopardy and Manifest Necessity

Text: In this case the trial court granted a mistrial on its own motion. The determination that the polygraph evidence was properly admitted does not end the issue. Rather, the Court must analyze whether double jeopardy prevents the state from retrying Kemper. Both the Missouri and United States Constitutions protect against double jeopardy. The Missouri provision does not help Kemper because it applies only to retrial after an acquittal. Mo. Const. art. I, sec. 19; State v. Tolliver, 839 S.W.2d 296, 299 (Mo. banc 1992). The federal protection, in the Fifth Amendment, provides that no person shall be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb[.] This provision applies to Missouri through the Fourteenth Amendment. Benton v. Maryland, 395 U.S. 784, 787, 89 S.Ct. 2056, 23 L.Ed.2d 707 (1969). Kemper's claim therefore will be analyzed under the double jeopardy provision of the United States Constitution. Double jeopardy attaches when the jury is impaneled and sworn. United States v. Martin Linen Supply Co., 430 U.S. 564, 569, 97 S.Ct. 1349, 51 L.Ed.2d 642 (1977). The parties do not dispute that jeopardy attached during Kemper's trial; the only issue is whether a second trial is barred. Once a trial has begun, the defendant has a right to have his trial completed by the jury that has been selected. United States v. Jorn, 400 U.S. 470, 484, 91 S.Ct. 547, 27 L.Ed.2d 543 (1971); Oregon v. Kennedy, 456 U.S. 667, 671-72, 102 S.Ct. 2083, 72 L.Ed.2d 416 (1982). Besides the right to have a particular jury hear the case, the right to be free from double jeopardy also protects the defendant from expense, stigma, emotional distress, and the increased risk that an innocent defendant will be found guilty. Arizona v. Washington, 434 U.S. 497, 503-04, 98 S.Ct. 824, 54 L.Ed.2d 717 (1978). Even though the defendant has an interest in preventing a mistrial, not all mistrials will result in barring a subsequent retrial. If the defendant requests or consents to a mistrial, double jeopardy will not bar reprosecution. Jorn, 400 U.S. at 485, 91 S.Ct. 547. The major exception is where the defense request was motivated by governmental conduct which is `intended to goad the defendant into moving for a mistrial.' State v. Fitzpatrick, 676 S.W.2d 831, 835 (Mo. banc 1984) (quoting Oregon v. Kennedy, 456 U.S. at 676, 102 S.Ct. 2083); Tolliver, 839 S.W.2d at 299.