Opinion ID: 2775174
Heading Depth: 4
Heading Rank: 1

Heading: the ftaia in the indictment

Text: The defendants argue that the indictment was flawed for failing to mention the FTAIA by name or statutory citation. However, as explained in detail with regard to import trade and domestic effects, the indictment contained the factual allegations necessary to establish that the FTAIA either did not apply or that its requirements were satisfied. In any event, there was absolutely no prejudice from the indictment’s failure to cite the FTAIA. “Unless the defendant[s] w[ere] misled and thereby prejudiced, neither an error in a citation nor a citation’s omission is a ground to dismiss the indictment or information or to reverse a conviction.” Fed. R. Crim. P. 7(c)(2); see United States v. Vroman, 975 F.2d 669, 671 (9th Cir. 1992) (“Correct citation to the relevant statute, though always desirable, is not fatal if omitted.”). The parties raised the FTAIA requirements UNITED STATES V. HSIUNG 31 throughout the proceedings, and the district court record is full of briefing and argument on the FTAIA.