Opinion ID: 2771246
Heading Depth: 3
Heading Rank: 2

Heading: Other References

Text: Six other prior art references were relied upon below: (1) Kuiper et al., PCT Application WO 91/18970 (Dec. 12, 1991) (“Kuiper”); (2) Ignatius et al., U.S. Patent No. 5,278,432 (filed Aug. 27, 1992) (“Ignatius”); (3) Lebens et al., U.S. Patent No. 6,305,818 (filed July 28, 2000); (4) IN RE ORBITAL TECHNOLOGIES CORP. 7 Janssen et al., Photosynthetic Efficiency of Dunaliella Tertiolecta Under Short Light/Dark Cycles, 29 Enzyme & Microbial Tech. 298-305 (2001); (5) Tazawa et al, Japanese Patent No. H10-162609 (published June 19, 1998); and (6) Masuda et al., Japanese Patent No. 6-319410 (published Nov. 22, 1994), which is cited only in the reexamination of the ’008 patent. On appeal Orbital challenges Board conclusions based on Kuiper and Ignatius. Kuiper describes “a method of cultivating a phototrophic aquatic organism in an aqueous environment” in which illumination provides energy to the organism. Kuiper at 1 ll.1-7. It teaches that LEDs are a preferred light source because they “save an enormous amount of energy in comparison with normal sources of artificial light,” id. at 4 ll.14-19, and that they can be arranged in many configurations and used either inside or outside the aqueous environment, id. at 7 ll.1429. Ignatius is directed to an “apparatus for providing radiant energy to enhance and test plant growth” that preferably uses LED arrays stored in modular housings. Ignatius at col.1 ll.5-10. It teaches that LEDs and fluorescent lamps can be substituted for each other, id. at col.3 ll.34-38, and describes LEDs’ advantages over fluorescent lamps, including that they achieve “minimal heat output” for the amount of light provided, id. at col.2 ll.62-65. Ignatius also teaches the use of “air vents” and an “internal fan” as part of a system that dissipates heat generated within the housing by the LED array. Id. at col.4 l.64-col.5 l.12.