Opinion ID: 295786
Heading Depth: 1
Heading Rank: 3

Heading: The Constitutionality of the Identification of Aloisio.

Text: 16 Ted Kay, an unindicted coconspirator, began to cooperate with the Government in this investigation in September 1967. He, Solomon, and Mrs. Cosentino were arrested in Agent Gibbs' room at the Chicago Airways Motel on the morning of January 22, 1968. The Government has advised us that informer Kay was taken to the United States Marshal's lockup along with the other defendants for his own protection. At 11:00 a.m. in the lockup, before being placed in a cell, Kay was with some of the defendants and John Varelli. In response to a question as to what Varelli said to Aloisio, Kay replied: 17 Well, the best as I can recall, I remember him [Varelli] saying, `Hi, Smokes.' And Smokes spoke back to him in Italian. I could understand a couple of the words, but I didn't recall the whole conversation. In Italian, he [Aloisio] said not to say anything. 18 Relying upon Massiah v. United States, 377 U.S. 201, 84 S.Ct. 1199, 12 L.Ed.2d 246, defendant Aloisio now asserts that Kay's identification of him as Smokes should not have been admitted because the conversation occurred in the federal lockup after his arrest without benefit of counsel. 3 We disagree. 19 The defendants did not show that the purpose of placing Kay in the cell in the Marshal's lockup was to obtain information for this case. Kay himself testified that the Secret Service did not tell him to overhear what might be said in the Marshal's office or in the lockup cells. He was placed in a cell by himself and had no idea how many people were in the adjoining cell except that Varelli was in it during part of the hour that Kay remained in his cell. The transcript does not reveal that Kay heard any conversations from other cells. Kay's subterfuge of being a codefendant had already been pierced, for, while standing in the lockup hallway with other apprehended persons, Aloisio saw Solomon kick Kay in the groin and later admonished Varelli in Italian not to say anything. Kay was not placed in the lockup to elicit admissions, nor was Varelli's knowledge of Aloisio as Smokes deliberately elicited. In these circumstances, the admission into evidence of the volunteered statement of a non-defendant clearly did not vitiate Aloisio's conviction. United States ex rel. Milani v. Pate, 425 F.2d 6 (7th Cir. 1970); United States ex rel. Baldwin v. Yeager, 428 F.2d 182, 184 (3d Cir. 1970); United States v. De Leo, 422 F.2d 487, 496 (1st Cir. 1970), certiorari denied, 397 U.S. 1037, 90 S.Ct. 1355, 25 L.Ed.2d 648; United States v. Mitchell, 417 F.2d 1246, 1249 (7th Cir. 1969); United States v. Fioravanti, 412 F.2d 407, 413 (3d Cir. 1969), certiorari denied; Panaccione v. United States, 396 U.S. 837, 90 S.Ct. 97, 24 L.Ed.2d 88; cf. Miller v. Carter, 434 F.2d 824, 825 (9th Cir. 1970). 20