Opinion ID: 735902
Heading Depth: 2
Heading Rank: 2

Heading: Upward Adjustment for Managerial Role

Text: 24 Rucker contends that the four-level upward adjustment for his managerial role was in error. Under Sentencing Guideline section 3B1.1(a), if the defendant organized or led a criminal activity involving five or more participants, the offense level is increased by four points. Seven individuals testified at trial that they had participated in the unlawful scheme by falsifying documents. These persons qualify under Application Note 1 of the Guideline as criminally responsible for the commission of the offense, even though they were not indicted. With respect to Rucker, there was ample evidence to support the court's finding that he orchestrated all of these deals ... [and] was the guiding force. The trial court's determination was not clearly erroneous. United States v. Mares-Molina, 913 F.2d 770, 773 (9th Cir.1990). 25