Opinion ID: 3066667
Heading Depth: 2
Heading Rank: 2

Heading: standard of review

Text: “We review de novo the district court’s rulings on the parties’ cross motions for summary judgment.” Owen v. I.C. Sys., Inc., 629 F.3d 1263, 1270 (11th Cir. 2011). A plaintiff challenging a law as facially unconstitutional “must establish that no set of circumstances exists under which the [law] would be valid.” Horton v. City of St. Augustine, Fla., 272 F.3d 1318, 1329 (11th Cir. 2001) (quotation omitted). 10 “When substantial doubt exists about the answer to a material state law question upon which the case turns, a federal court should certify that question to the state supreme court . . . to offer the state court the opportunity to explicate state law.” Forgione v. Dennis Pirtle Agency, Inc., 93 F.3d 758, 761 (11th Cir. 1996) (per curiam). 8 Case: 12-14212 Date Filed: 10/15/2015 Page: 9 of 22