Opinion ID: 2773475
Heading Depth: 4
Heading Rank: 1

Heading: Past record of criminal offenses; (2) history

Text: of undesirable behavior pattern; (3) the defendant's personality, character and social traits; (4) result of presentence investigation; (5) vicious or aggravated nature of the crime; (6) degree of the defendant's culpability; (7) defendant's demeanor at trial; (8) defendant's age, educational background and employment record; (9) defendant's remorse, repentance and cooperativeness; (10) defendant's need for close rehabilitative control; (11) the rights of the public; and (12) the length of pretrial detention. Id. at 623-24 (quoting Harris (Robert Lee) v. State, 75 Wis. 2d 513, 519-20, 250 N.W.2d 7 (1977)). The circuit court's proper exercise of discretion includes individualizing the sentence to the defendant based on the facts of the case and may include identifying the most relevant factors and explaining how the sentence imposed furthers the sentencing objectives. Harris (Landray M.), 326 Wis. 2d 685, ¶29 (citing State v. Gallion, 2004 WI 42, ¶¶39-48, 270 Wis. 2d 535, 678 N.W.2d 197). ¶23 We have already decided that certain factors are improper for the circuit court to consider at sentencing and therefore violate a defendant's right to due process: race or 12 No. 2013AP843-CR national origin,11 gender,12 alleged extra-jurisdictional offenses,13 and the defendant's or victim's religion.14 ¶24 Alexander has a Fifth Amendment right not to be compelled to be a witness against himself.15 Rock v. Arkansas, 483 U.S. 44, 51-53 (1987). The Fourteenth Amendment requires that states afford the protections of the Fifth Amendment to defendants in state criminal actions. State v. Lonkoski, 2013 WI 30, ¶23 n.8, 346 Wis. 2d 523, 828 N.W.2d 552 (citing Malloy v. Hogan, 378 U.S. 1, 6 (1964)). The Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination continues after a plea and through sentencing. State v. McConnohie, 121 Wis. 2d 57, 68, 358 N.W.2d 256 (1984) (concluding that where a defendant has pleaded guilty to a criminal charge but has not yet been sentenced, he retains his constitutional privilege against compelled selfincrimination). Accordingly, a circuit court employs an improper factor in sentencing if it actually relies on compelled statements made to a probation agent. 11 State v. Harris (Landray M.), 2010 WI 79, ¶33 n.9, 326 Wis. 2d 685, 786 N.W.2d 409 (citing United States v. Munoz, 974 F.2d 493, 495 (4th Cir. 1992)). 12 Id., ¶33. 13 Rosado v. State, 70 Wis. 2d 280, 290-91, 234 N.W.2d 69 (1975). 14 State v. Ninham, 2011 WI 33, ¶96, 333 Wis. 2d 335, 797 N.W.2d 451. 15 The Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution states in relevant part: No person . . . shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself. 13 No. 2013AP843-CR