Opinion ID: 792084
Heading Depth: 2
Heading Rank: 3

Heading: On-Site

Text: 27 In affidavits supporting On-Site's motion for summary judgment, On-Site showed (and Arculeo did not dispute) that on its own payroll it employed fewer than fifteen employees. In order to raise a threshold question of material fact as to whether On-Site could nevertheless be found to be an employer under Title VII, Arculeo needed to submit evidence which, viewed in the light most favorable to her, would support a finding increasing On-Site's number of employees to fifteen. Arculeo seems to argue that the joint employment relationship between On-Site and Crystal Hills would justify such a finding. The argument is misconceived. It is true Arculeo showed that some of On-Site's employees, in particular herself, might be deemed to have been jointly employed by Crystal Hills. It does not follow, however, that any Crystal Hills employees should be deemed to be jointly employed by On-Site. At least in the NLRB context, we have identified a variety of factors, such as exercise of authority to hire, fire, and discipline, control over pay and insurance, and supervision, which can bear on whether an entity, which is not the formal employer, may be considered a joint employer. Clinton's Ditch, 778 F.2d at 138-39. 11 Arculeo in any event submitted no evidence that On-Site exercised any kind of authority over any employees of Crystal Hills. 28 In seeking to add employees of Crystal Hills to those of On-Site in order to determine the number of On-Site's employees, Arculeo once again is invoking a rule which some courts have found useful in the context of aggregation for a single integrated employer. But as noted above, the joint employer theory is quite different. Under the formulation of the EEOC Manual, there is no basis for increasing the number of On-Site's employees beyond those it formally employs unless a factual basis is shown for deeming persons not technically in its employ to be sufficiently under its supervision or authority to be deemed its joint or constructive employees. No such factual basis has been shown. 29 Once again, we need not decide whether to permit aggregation under a joint employer theory. Even if we were to allow aggregation in the joint employment context, Arculeo nevertheless fails to raise a question of material fact as to whether On-Site employed fifteen persons.