Opinion ID: 2611854
Heading Depth: 2
Heading Rank: 3

Heading: Montalvo's Post-1988 City Accident Events

Text: After the 1988 City accident, Montalvo allegedly aggravated his condition on several different occasions. His medical records indicate that he was feeling pretty good until yesterday [June 25, 1989] when he went to the beach and tried a little boogey board. Neck and back really sore. On July 18, 1989, Montalvo's doctor noted that Montalvo told him he had to push [his] car off the road and change a flat, complaining that my back and neck are killing me. Again, on March 27, 1990, the medical record reads, [p]atient states he was changing a tire on the Pali on 3/27 and has had a marked increase in pain involving his neck since that time. ROM [range of motion] of the cervical spine is markedly restricted. A medical record entry of May 21, 1991 indicates that [Montalvo] did recently attempt to go fishing with one of his friends; however, once the surf became rough he ended up down in the hatch of the boat as his back and neck became quite painful. He also has increased pain in his neck when attempting to work on his automobile. On July 6, 1991, a CAT scan revealed a bulging disc in Montalvo's lower back. Based on his doctor's recommendation, Montalvo underwent surgery on November 11, 1991. At trial, Montalvo testified that he experiences pain continuously. He also testified that he is unable to work, can no longer engage in sex, can no longer participate in recreational activities, such as swimming or horseback riding, can sit for only twenty minutes, and can stand for only thirty minutes at a time without discomfort.