Opinion ID: 379233
Heading Depth: 2
Heading Rank: 3

Heading: Clause D

Text: 30 Clause D is aimed at conspiracies against individuals because the individuals lawfully enforce the right of any person or class of persons to equal protection. The courts that have construed this clause have universally noted that it is directed toward equal protection of the laws, the key phrase in the Supreme Court's Griffin analysis. See, e. g., Hahn v. Sargent, 523 F.2d 461, 469 (1st Cir. 1975); Brawer v. Horowitz, 535 F.2d 830, 840 (3d Cir. 1976). The courts have required that plaintiffs establish a class-based invidiously discriminatory animus in order to prevail under this clause of Section 1985(2). As this Court noted above, plaintiffs have failed to establish that there was an appropriate class-based, discriminatory animus in the case at bar. Accordingly, the district court's grant of summary judgment for defendants on this clause is also affirmed.