Opinion ID: 4546108
Heading Depth: 2
Heading Rank: 2

Heading: Title V

Text: Title V is designed to enhance compliance and improve enforcement. See S. Rep. No. 101-228, at 346 (1993). Under Title V, the operating permit must include the various statutory limitations on emissions that 4 apply to a given source. 42 U.S.C. § 7661c(c). Some limitations may be self-executing; others may be source-specific and defined in other permits. Compare id. § 7411 (establishing New Source Performance Standards that are self-executing limitations on certain sources), with id. § 7475 (requiring certain sources to obtain a permit for Prevention of Significant Deterioration, which entails source-specific limitations). The Title V permit must include all applicable self-executing and source-specific limitations. Id. § 7661c(a); see Envtl. Integrity Project v. EPA, No. 1860384, ___ F.3d ___, slip op. at 4 (5th Cir. May 29, 2020) (stating that Title V permits must consolidate all of the information that the source needs to comply with the Clean Air Act). States are responsible for issuing Title V permits. 42 U.S.C. § 7661a(b), (d). Before issuing a Title V permit, the state must propose the permit to the EPA. Id. § 7661d(a), (b). If the proposed permit does not comply with Title V’s “applicable requirements,” the EPA must object. Id. § 7661d(b)(1). If the EPA does not object, others can petition the EPA to compel it to object. Id. § 7661d(b)(2). If a petition is filed, the EPA must respond. Id. In responding, the EPA must object to the proposed permit upon a demonstration that the source failed to comply with the applicable requirements. Id. Once Title V permits are issued, they are enforceable by the EPA and the public. Id. § 7413(a), (b) (by the EPA); id. § 7604(a)(1), (f)(4) (by the 5 public). The EPA may enforce a Title V permit either administratively or in federal court. Id. § 7413(a), (b).