Opinion ID: 158852
Heading Depth: 2
Heading Rank: 4

Heading: Applicability of this Case to Habeas Analysis

Text: 33 Finally, we respond to appellants' argument that § 1252(a)(2)(B)(ii) and § 1252(f) do not apply to bar review when constitutional due process issues like those alleged in the complaint have been raised. Initially, we note that the Bivens class action complaint requests only prospective injunctive relief based on a hypothetical transfer to a remote area and a totally speculative future violation of due process that would not arise solely from the transfer itself. Cf. Committee of Central Am. Refugees v. INS, 682 F. Supp. 1055, 1064-65 (N.D. Ca. 1988) (holding that a transfer to another INS facility, standing alone, does not constitute a violation of plaintiffs' due process or statutory rights justifying the issuance of injunctive relief to restrict the Attorney General's discretion to detain aliens in appropriate INS facilities); Committee of Central Am. Refugees v. INS, 795 F.2d 1434, 1435 (9th Cir. 1986) (affirming district court's denial of preliminary injunction that would interfere with Attorney General's discretionary power to choose facility where deportable aliens were detained in absence of proof of actual deprivation of statutory right to counsel or denial of due process). Thus, the complaint does not allege that an actual or continuing constitutional violation had occurred that could be remedied by judicial action. 34 We emphasize, however, that our holding in this case has no application to constitutional habeas claims brought pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2241. See Jurado-Gutierrez, 190 F.3d 1145-47 (holding that review under § 2241 still available notwithstanding express language in IIRIRA barring review by any court of final orders of removal for aliens deportable by reason of having committed a criminal offense, and distinguishing between direct and collateral review). While the immigration statutes may not preclude collateral review of constitutional issues in § 2241 habeas cases, an issue we do not decide here, they do preclude direct review of the Attorney General's discretionary decisions in immigration cases by means of a Bivens class action suit.