Opinion ID: 1351466
Heading Depth: 5
Heading Rank: 1

Heading: The Least-adjudicated-elements Test

Text: (35) Defendant contends the least adjudicated elements test of People v. Crowson (1983) 33 Cal.3d 623, 632-634 [190 Cal. Rptr. 165, 660 P.2d 389], devised to construe the meaning of prior foreign convictions under section 667.5, subdivision (f), applies as well to the meaning of the term prior felony conviction in section 190.3, factor (c). He then argues on various grounds that the crimes of which he was convicted in Florida would not have been felonies in California at the time, and hence those convictions should have been excluded from his penalty phase under the least-adjudicated-elements test. However, we rejected the application of the least-adjudicated-elements test to section 190.3, factor (c), in People v. Lang (1989) 49 Cal.3d 991, 1038-1039 [264 Cal. Rptr. 386, 782 P.2d 627]. We concluded in that case, In the absence of limitation, a reference to `prior felony convictions' is deemed to include any prior conviction which was a felony under the laws of the convicting jurisdiction. ( Ibid. ) Defendant's claim is therefore meritless. [6]