Opinion ID: 6938526
Heading Depth: 3
Heading Rank: 4

Heading: Adams’ Additional Claims.

Text: Adams also contends that the 1933 Statute was unconstitutional. This issue has been litigated repeatedly and resolved; Congress’s abrogation of the gold clauses was constitutional. See Norman v. B. & O. R.R. Co., 294 U.S. 240, 316, 55 S.Ct. 407, 419, 79 L.Ed. 885 (1935) (finding that Congress acted within the scope of its Constitutional powers in enacting the 1933 Statute); Guaranty Trust Co. v. Henwood, 307 U.S. 247, 259, 59 S.Ct. 847, 853-54, 83 L.Ed. 1266 (1939) (holding that the 1933 Statute did not offend the Fifth Amendment); Feldman v. Great N. R.R., 428 F.Supp. 979, 982, 984 (1977) (holding that the 1933 Statute still applied even after the emergency prompting it had abated). Adams’ argument regarding the Railroad’s breach of an implied duty of good faith and fair dealing is misguided. The 1933 Act authorized the Railroad to discharge its bond obligations by payment of any legal tender; it did not create an “impediment” to payment which the Railroad had any good faith obligation to avoid. The Railroad was legally excused from meeting its original obligations under the gold clauses and remains so. We have reviewed Adams’ other arguments and find them to be without merit. We affirm the district court’s judgment dismissing Adams’ action against the Burlington Northern. Adams did not demonstrate that there are any disputed issues of material fact regarding whether the Railroad’s bonds were first issued in 1896 and 1921, respectively. Nor did Adams demonstrate that additional discovery could lead to evidence raising a triable issue.