Opinion ID: 196806
Heading Depth: 1
Heading Rank: 1

Heading: Challenge to Guilty Plea

Text: 2 Perez contends, in substance, that his guilty plea was not voluntarily and knowingly entered. He claims that he never agreed to plead guilty in exchange for a government recommendation that he receive a ten-year, rather than a seven-year, sentence. He says in his appellate brief that he did not know that his recommended sentence would be ten years until he was in the plea hearing; in a different appellate submission, he states that he did not know he faced a ten-year sentence until he signed his plea agreement. Perez also claims that the government promised to recommend a seven-year sentence if he cooperated and that his first counsel had been negotiating a seven-year plea agreement when threats by his co-defendants made him obtain her dismissal. 3 We assess those claims in light of the following factors: their plausibility, the timing of Perez's challenge to his guilty plea; whether he asserts his innocence; and whether his plea was involuntary, in derogation of Rule 11 requirements, or otherwise legally suspect. See United States v. Lopez-Pineda, 55 F.2d 693, 696 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 116 S.Ct. 259 (1995). All of those factors indicate that Perez's guilty plea should be sustained. 4 The record does not support Perez's contention that his plea was not voluntarily or knowingly entered. The record shows that Perez knew the government would recommend a ten-year sentence before he pled guilty. The plea agreement he signed before pleading guilty explicitly stated that the government would recommend a 120-month sentence (i.e., ten years). His attorney's alleged failure to tell him that the recommended sentence would be ten rather than seven years until right before he signed the plea agreement does not warrant invalidating his subsequent guilty plea. Since he knew by the time of the plea hearing that his recommended sentence was ten years, he did not reasonably rely on any earlier representation regarding a seven-year recommendation in pleading guilty. Finally, as the plea agreement and plea hearing transcript make clear, Perez knew before he pled guilty that the only terms and conditions applicable to his guilty plea were those contained in his written plea agreement. Thus, he knew that any verbal representations concerning a seven-year sentence, allegedly made in earlier discussions between the government and his first counsel, did not apply. 5 Consideration of the other factors cited above shows as well that Perez's guilty plea should be sustained. As noted, Perez never asked the district court to allow him to withdraw his guilty plea; hence, his present challenge is very belated. Moreover, he does not assert his innocence, but only that he did not want to plead guilty if he received a ten-year sentence. He has not alleged that his guilty plea was coerced; indeed, in his plea agreement and at his plea hearing, he stated that it was not coerced. He has not alleged that he did not understand the charges to which he pled guilty. Lastly, the plea hearing was conducted in conformity with the requirements of Fed.R.Crim.P. 11.