Opinion ID: 2542749
Heading Depth: 2
Heading Rank: 5

Heading: Whether the evidence supports a verdict of manslaughter rather than murder.

Text: ¶ 17. Moore asserts that the evidence was insufficient to support a verdict of murder. Specifically, Moore asserts that the evidence showed that the killing was done in the heat of passion, thereby mitigating the killing to manslaughter. The State asserts that Moore is procedurally barred from challenging the sufficiency of the evidence because he did not renew his motion for directed verdict at the close of his case in chief. The State also asserts that Moore did not present a peremptory instruction to the trial court or file a motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict. ¶ 18. This Court, in Wright v. State, 540 So.2d 1, 3 (Miss.1989), said: In Harris v. State, 413 So.2d 1016, 1018 (Miss.1982), we held: It is elemental that after a motion for directed verdict is overruled at the conclusion of the State's evidence, and the appellant proceeds to introduce evidence in his own behalf, the point is waived. In order to preserve it, the appellant must renew his motion for a directed verdict at the conclusion of all the evidence. Ross v. State, 234 Miss. 309, 106 So.2d 56 (1958); Fields v. State, 293 So.2d 430 (Miss.1974). Also see State v. Russell, 358 So.2d 409, 413 (Miss.1978). The appellants waived error, if any, in the court's refusal to grant them a directed verdict at the close of the State's case-in-chief when they proceeded to present evidence in their behalf. Because they did not renew this motion by way of a motion for a directed verdict at the conclusion of the evidence or via a motion for a peremptory instruction, any objection they may have had to the sufficiency of the evidence is waived. Harris v. State, 413 So.2d 1016, 1018 (Miss. 1982). Wright v. State, 540 So.2d 1, 3 (Miss.1989). See also Turner v. State, 721 So.2d 642, 647 (Miss.1998); and Green v. State, 631 So.2d 167, 171 (Miss.1994). ¶ 19. Moore did move for a directed verdict at the close of the State's case-in-chief. However, Moore did not renew this motion at the conclusion of all of the evidence. Therefore, any objection Moore has to the sufficiency of the evidence has been waived. Notwithstanding that Moore is procedurally barred from objecting to the sufficiency of the evidence, we find that this issue is without merit. ¶ 20. The jury received a manslaughter instruction. Moore agreed to the use of the State's manslaughter instruction, S-2, because the proposed defense instruction did not include the elements of manslaughter. The State's instruction said, in relevant part: Therefore, if you should find the State has failed to prove all of the essential elements of Murder beyond a reasonable doubt, you will then proceed with your deliberations to decide whether the State has proved beyond a reasonable doubt all of the essential elements of the lesser crime of Manslaughter. If you find from the evidence in this Cause, beyond a reasonable doubt, that the Defendant, KENNETH MOORE, JR., on or about August 19, 2007, in Holmes County, Mississippi, did willfully, unlawfully, feloniously and without authority of law, kill Cordarius McChriston, without malice, in the heat of passion, by the use of a deadly weapon, then you shall find the Defendant guilty of Manslaughter. If the State has failed to prove any essential element of the lesser included offense of Manslaughter beyond a reasonable doubt, you shall find the Defendant, KENNETH MOORE, JR., not guilty. ¶ 21. The trial court also granted an amended heat-of-passion instruction offered by the defense, which said: The term heat of passion is defined as a state of violent and uncontrollable rage engendered by a blow or certain other provocation given, which will reduce a homicide from the grade of murder to that of manslaughter. Passion or anger suddenly aroused at the time by some immediate and reasonable provocation, by words or acts of one at the time. The term includes an emotional state of mind characterized by anger, rage, hatred, furious resentment or terror. ¶ 22. The jury found the defendant guilty of murder, pursuant to instruction S-1, which said: Kenneth Moore, Jr., has been charged in the indictment with the offense of murder. If you find from all the evidence in this case beyond a reasonable doubt that: 1. Kenneth Moore, Jr. on or about August 19, 2007, in Holmes County Mississippi; 2. did wilfully, unlawfully, feloniously and without authority of law; 3. kill and murder Cordarius McChriston, a human being; 4. with malice aforethought or the deliberate design to kill said Cordarius McChriston; 5. by shooting him with a gun; then, you shall find the defendant, Kenneth Moore, Jr., guilty of murder as charged in the indictment. If the state has failed to prove any one or more of the above listed elements beyond a reasonable doubt, then you shall find the defendant, Kenneth Moore, Jr., not guilty of murder. ¶ 23. As summarized by the Court of Appeals: When presented with a claim that the evidence is insufficient to sustain a conviction, we review the record in a light most favorable to the State. Robinson v. State, 940 So.2d 235, 239-40 (¶ 13) (Miss.2006) (citing McClain v. State, 625 So.2d 774, 778 (Miss.1993)). This Court must accept as true all evidence consistent with [the defendant's] guilt, together with all favorable inferences that may be reasonably drawn from the evidence, and disregard the evidence favorable to the defendant. Id. at 240 (¶ 13). If the evidence is of such quality and weight that, `having in mind the beyond a reasonable doubt burden of proof standard, reasonable fair-minded [persons] in the exercise of impartial judgment might reach different conclusions on every element of the offense,' the evidence will be deemed to have been sufficient. Bush v. State, 895 So.2d 836, 843 (¶ 16) (Miss. 2005) (quoting Edwards v. State, 469 So.2d 68, 70 (Miss.1985)). Fair v. State, 25 So.3d 380, 382-83 (Miss. Ct.App.2009). ¶ 24. Murder is (1) The killing of a human being without the authority of law by any means or (a) When done with deliberate design to effect the death of the person killed or of any human being . . . . Miss.Code Ann. § 97-3-19(1)(a) (Rev. 2006). Manslaughter is [t]he killing of a human being, without malice, in the heat of passion, but in a cruel or unusual manner, or by the use of a dangerous weapon, without authority of law, and not in necessary self-defense . . . . Miss.Code Ann. § 97-3-35 (Rev.2006). ¶ 25. Moore asserts that the evidence shows he killed McChriston in the heat of passion, mitigating the killing to manslaughter. Moore's assertion is not supported by the record in this matter. Witnesses for both the State and the prosecution testified consistently as to what occurred on the night in question. Witnesses testified that the fight lasted only a couple of minutes. Although there was testimony, as mentioned above, that Moore was losing the fight, the only evidence of injury sustained by Moore was a scrape on his elbow and a bloody nose. ¶ 26. Junior Williams, the owner of Club Greasy, specifically said: Q. And tell us what you saw when you got outside the club? A. There was a group of guys standing down there at the end of the driveway. Q. What were they doing? A. They wasn't doing nothing right then. By the time I got to them, they went to fighting. . . . Q. And how long did this fight last? A. Probably about three minutes, if that long. Williams also testified that Moore previously had been told that he was not to be at the club. ¶ 27. Moore's brother, Latravis Skinner, broke up the fight, and McChriston and Moore separated, with McChriston walking back toward the building and Moore walking toward the end of the driveway. Williams, Skinner, Corey Johnson, and some others talked to Moore and attempted to calm him down. Williams testified as follows: Q. [Prosecutor] Tell me what you said to [Moore]. A. I said, Man, the police are coming now, and you just go and we'll forget all of this. He was like, All right. I'm through with it. He walked down and broke to the right and went back up there and went to shooting. Williams further testified: Q. Okay. Well, let me ask you this: When the fight was broken up, was there any indication that it would continue at some point? A. After we talked to them, I thought it was through with. ¶ 28. Gregory Malone testified that, after the fight, Moore stayed down the road talking to Skinner and the others for approximately fifteen to twenty minutes before he returned and shot McChriston. Jennifer Grant testified, in relevant part: Q. Okay. And while you were at this club, did you have an occasion to see anything that you thought was unusual? A. Yes. Q. Tell us what it was. A. They had an altercation like a fight was going on between Kenny Moore and [McChriston], and once the fight and everything was over with, people tried to talk to Kenny Moore. Q. Who did you see try to talk to Kenny Moore. A. Corey Johnson and Jamario Johnson and his brother, Travis Skinner. Q. And how do you know they were trying to talk to Kenny Moore? A. Because they had broke them up, and they took him to the side. Q. Okay. And after theywell, did, in fact, you saw them together? A. Yes. Q. All right. Did it appear that they did talk to him? A. Yes. Q. Okay. Without telling us what they said, what happened after that conversation with him? A. Well, after they got through talking to him, he walked back. I thought he was like going back to his car or something to sit down. Q. Okay, now, who is this he you're talking about? A. Kenny Moore. Q. Okay. A. So he just pulled out a gun and shot. Grant further testified: Q. Okay. What happened after that? A. [McChriston] ran and jumped off the fence, and he shot at him again. He fell, and he shot him again. So [McChriston] ran into the Safe House, and Kenny Moore ran behind him. But he stayed on the Greasy side and ran down behind him. ¶ 29. Marilyn Skinner testified that she walked outside the club and saw Moore and McChriston fighting. She said: And they was fighting, so it was by my truck. So I said, Get off my GD truck. But they still fighting. They got back, you know, they moved back from my truck, and then they were just still fighting, and along, and Travis [Skinner] came, which is Kenny Moore's brother, and said, That's enough, picked him up by the arm, and they walked towards the end of the road. I don't know how far they went, but that's what I saw. Marilyn Skinner further testified: Q. Okay. Did you see Kenny come back at some time? A. Yes, I did. Q. What happened when he came back? A. I was standing next to the front door of my car, and Lucious, as they called him, his nickname, and he was standing right beside me, and he said, They usually say Kenny Moore carries a gun. So when he said that Q. Do you know Lucious' real name? A. James Griffin, I think. Q. Okay. A. And when he said that, I looked around, I seen Kenny Moore coming back up with his right arm up like this right here with a gun in his hand, and I took off running from the front of my truck, and I ran into my sister, and we hit the ground. ¶ 30. Jermaine Young testified that he had seen a little argument between Moore and McChriston. Young also testified: After they started arguing, they started fighting. After they got through fighting, Kenny Moore's brother comes out of the club and picked him up and tell him to leave him alone, that it was over with. It was like three or four more other guys telling them to leave it alone, so like five or ten minutes later, he come back up and start shooting [McChriston]. Young further testified that, after shooting and chasing McChriston, Moore sat on a car in the parking lot of the Safe House, as McChriston lay dying at the door of the Safe House. ¶ 31. Corey Johnson testified that Moore said he was going to retrieve his hat after the fight and that was when Moore shot McChriston. ¶ 32. This Court previously has said: Whether a homicide is classified as a murder or manslaughter is ordinarily an inquiry to be made by the jury. Hodge v. State, 823 So.2d 1162 (Miss.2002). In the instant case, the jury was instructed on both manslaughter and murder. The jury considered the evidence and concluded that Moore committed murder. That conclusion is supported by the record in this case. Therefore, this issue is without merit.