Opinion ID: 2209080
Heading Depth: 1
Heading Rank: 2

Heading: Susceptibility of testator, Confidential relationship and opportunity to exert undue influence

Text: The evidence seems to suggest that in 1980, Koontz enjoyed reasonably good health. Although dependent upon others to handle his financial and business transactions due to his inability to read and write, Koontz was otherwise functionally independent and personally attended to his daily needs as well as those of his ward, Allen. Koontz also demonstrated his ability to manage his affairs by consulting with a lawyer and instructing him to set up a trust for Allen to insure that she was cared for after his demise. Overall, the testator, through his actions, indicated an awareness of his circumstances and limitation. Following his stroke in 1983, Koontz's circumstances changed dramatically. He was partially paralyzed, virtually immobile, and partially blind. Consequently, Koontz's dependence upon others increased significantly as he then needed assistance in washing and dressing himself, in preparing his meals, and in moving about the house. Allen was physically incapable of lifting or moving Koontz. Moreover, Allen was incapable of assuming full responsibility of the household chores. Due to her medical-related problems and short term memory loss, she required constant supervision. These circumstances compounded the limitations resulting from Koontz's illiteracy and made it imperative that he get help, for which Koontz subsequently advertised. In sum, Koontz's situation created a perfect setting over which someone could take advantage. Moore, recently divorced and discharged in bankruptcy, applied for this job and was hired. It appears that the stage was set for Moore not only to satisfy the requirements of his employment, but also to take the extra step to ingratiate himself with Koontz. Moore assumed responsibility for tasks Koontz was no longer able to handle alone. In light of the intimate nature of Koontz's physical limitations and reliance on Moore to attend his personal and physical needs, as well as Koontz's financial affairs, the development of a confidential relationship was inevitable. It was through these circumstances that Moore contrived to do whatever was necessary to coerce Koontz into undoing what he had rationally done in his 1980 will.