Opinion ID: 24837
Heading Depth: 3
Heading Rank: 1

Heading: Any Person

Text: 32 First, the RCRA states that any person may be held liable, including past or present generators, transporters, owners, or operators. See 42 U.S.C. § 6972(a)(1)(B); H.R. Rep. No. 98-198, Part I, at 48 (1983), reprinted in 1984 U.S.C.C.A.N. 5576, 5607 (stating that anyone who has contributed or is contributing to the creation, existence, or maintenance of an imminent and substantial endangerment is subject to [the RCRA] and that such persons include, but are not limited to, past and present generators . . . , past and present owners and operators . . . , and past and present transporters (emphasis added)); Zands II, 797 F. Supp. at 809 (stating that the word 'including' does not limit the definition of the word 'person'); cf. Cobell v. Norton, 240 F.3d 1081, 1100 (D.C. Cir. 2001) (It is hornbook law that the use of the word including indicates that the specified list . . . that follows is illustrative, not exclusive. (alteration in original) (internal quotations omitted) (quoting in parenthetical Puerto Rico Maritime Shipping Auth. v. ICC, 645 F.2d 1102, 1112 n.26 (D.C. Cir.1981)); United States v. Grassie, 237 F.3d 1199, 1215 (10th Cir. 2001) (regarding the statutory use of the word 'including' . . . as the preface for a representative or illustrative example, and not as a term of restriction or exclusion for anything not expressly specified); United States v. Canada, 110 F.3d 260, 263 (5th Cir. 1997) (stating that the term includes indicates a non-exhaustive list). 33 In addition, it is undisputed 20 that the City has been and is a generator of solid waste. 21 Municipal activities, such as basic office operations in city buildings, demolition, and construction, generate waste. See Meghrig, 516 U.S. at 483 (stating that the RCRA is a comprehensive environmental statute); C & A Carbone, Inc. v. Town of Clarkstown, 511 U.S. 383, 408 (1994) (O'Connor, J., concurring in judgment) (stating that the RCRA is a sweeping statute intended to regulate solid waste from cradle to grave); 1 James T. O'Reilly et al., RCRA and Superfund: A Practice Guide with Forms § 2.08, at 2-25 (2d ed. 2000) (The 'cradle to grave' intent of the RCRA law is illustrated by the law's inclusion of generators, transporters, and disposers within the broad reach of the statute.); see also Zands v. Nelson, 779 F. Supp. 1254, 1257 (S.D. Cal. 1991) (Zands I) (stating that the term generators indicates that the RCRA applies to individuals who do no more than create solid waste). Specifically, on this record, the City generated solid waste through its demolition activities.