Opinion ID: 4549623
Heading Depth: 4
Heading Rank: 2

Heading: Necessarily Raised

Text: We proceed to Grable’s four‐part test. First, the federal is‐ sue in this case is necessarily raised on the face of plaintiﬀs’ complaint. Plaintiﬀs’ claims for unfair labor practices and wrongful wage withholding could succeed only if Act 1 inval‐ idated defendants’ union security clause.3 And Act 1 invali‐ dated defendants’ union security clause only if defendants’ collective bargaining agreement was renewed, modified, or extended after March 10, 2015. See Gunn, 568 U.S. at 259 (“To prevail on his legal malpractice claim … Minton must show 3 Regarding plaintiffs’ wage withholding claims, see n.2, supra. 16 No. 19‐3142 that he would have prevailed in his federal patent infringe‐ ment case”).