Opinion ID: 198229
Heading Depth: 3
Heading Rank: 2

Heading: Substantial Income from the Enterprise

Text: 29 The substantial income requirement may be met either by direct evidence of the revenues realized and resources accumulated by the defendant, or by such circumstantial evidence as the defendant's position in the criminal organization, and the volume of drugs handled by the organization. See Hahn, 17 F.3d at 507. The substantial income test establishes no fixed minimum, but is intended to exclude trivial amounts derived from occasional drug sales. See id. (citation omitted). 30 There is overwhelming evidence that Rodrguez derived substantial income from the management of his drug activities. The government need only prove revenue, not profit. See id. Rodrguez himself spends over three single-spaced pages of his brief cataloging trial testimony concerning his drug-trafficking activity during the indictment period, see Def. Br. at 23-26, and admits that testimony indicates that he sold or oversaw the sale of approximately $70,000 worth of drugs during the period of the conspiracy. See id. at 23. To argue that his activities constitute trivial amounts derived from occasional drug sales is disingenuous. The substantial income element of the CCE was established beyond a reasonable doubt.