Opinion ID: 1224804
Heading Depth: 1
Heading Rank: 8

Heading: level 8 aggravated battery of heidi childers

Text: For his final point on appeal, Jackson argues the court was without jurisdiction to convict and sentence him for the aggravated battery of Heidi Childers. The State failed to brief this issue. In count 5 of the complaint, Jackson was charged with aggravated battery against Childers. Count 5 stated: On or about the 8th day of April, 1993, in the County of Shawnee and State of Kansas, ROBERT LEWIS JACKSON, did then and there unlawfully, feloniously and wilfully intentionally cause physical contact with another person, to-wit: Heidi Childers, in a rude, insulting or angry manner with a deadly weapon, to-wit: 9mm semi-automatic pistol, or in a manner whereby great bodily harm, disfigurement or death could have been inflicted, contrary to the form of the statutes in such case made and provided and against the peace and dignity of the State of Kansas. K.S.A. 1993 Supp. 21-3414, which defines aggravated battery, provides: (a) Aggravated battery is: (1)(A) intentionally causing great bodily harm to another person or disfigurement of another person; or (B) intentionally causing bodily harm to another person with a deadly weapon, or in any manner whereby great bodily harm, disfigurement, or death can be inflicted; or (C) intentionally causing physical contact with another person when done in a rude, insulting, or angry manner with a deadly weapon, or in any manner whereby great bodily harm, disfigurement, or death can be inflicted; or (2)(A) recklessly causing great bodily harm to another person or disfigurement of another person; or (B) recklessly causing bodily harm to another person with a deadly weapon, or in any manner whereby great bodily harm, disfigurement, or death can be inflicted. (b) Aggravated battery as described in subsection (a)(1)(A) is a severity level 4, person felony. Aggravated battery as described in subsections (a)(1)(B) and (a)(1)(C) is a severity level 7, person felony. Aggravated battery as described in subsection (a)(2)(A) is a severity level 5, person felony. Aggravated battery as described in section (a)(2)(B) is a severity level 8, person felony. A person convicted of aggravated battery shall be subject to the provisions of subsection (h) of K.S.A. 1993 Supp. 21-4704 and amendments thereto. Count 5 charged aggravated battery found in K.S.A. 1993 Supp. 21-3414(a)(1)(C), a level 7 felony. The jury was instructed on the offense in instruction No. 18. The jury was also instructed in instruction No. 19 on the form of aggravated battery found in K.S.A. 1993 Supp. 21-3414(a)(2)(B), a level 8 felony which the trial court found to be a lesser included offense. Jackson made no objection to the instruction. The jury ultimately convicted Jackson of the lesser included offense. Jackson now claims that the court was without jurisdiction to adjudge him guilty of the level 8 aggravated battery because it was not a lesser included offense of level 7 aggravated battery. K.S.A. 21-3107(2) provides: Upon prosecution for a crime, the defendant may be convicted of either the crime charged or an included crime, but not both. An included crime may be any of the following: (a) A lesser degree of the same crime; (b) an attempt to commit the crime charged; (c) an attempt to commit a lesser degree of the crime charged; or (d) a crime necessarily proved if the crime charged were proved. Count 5 charged Level 7 aggravated battery or intentionally causing physical contact done in a rude, insulting, or angry manner with a deadly weapon or in any manner whereby great bodily harm, disfigurement, or death can be inflicted. K.S.A. 1993 Supp. 21-3414(a)(1)(C). Level 8 aggravated battery is recklessly causing bodily harm with a deadly weapon or in any manner whereby great bodily harm, disfigurement, or death can be inflicted. K.S.A. 1993 Supp. 21-3414(a)(2)(B). The two levels of aggravated battery differ in two respects, the intent and the type of harm caused: Level 7 contemplates intentional conduct while level 8 contemplates reckless conduct. With respect to the differences in intent requirement, Jackson concedes that intentional conduct includes reckless conduct. Jackson argues, however, that Level 7 aggravated battery requires physical contact done in a rude, insulting, or angry manner, while level 8 requires bodily harm. Here, Jackson contends that proving the lesser crime does not necessarily prove the greater crime, as one may prove rude, insulting, or angry physical contact without proving, or needing to prove, bodily harm. In determining whether a lesser crime is a lesser or a lesser included offense under K.S.A. 21-3107(2)(d), a two-step analysis has been adopted. The first step is to determine whether all of the statutory elements of the alleged lesser included crime are among the statutory elements required to prove the crime charged. Under the second prong of the test, even if the statutory elements of the lesser crime are not all included in the statutory elements of the crime charged, the lesser crime may still be a lesser included crime if the factual allegations of the charging document and the evidence required to be adduced at trial in order to prove the crime charged would also necessarily prove the lesser crime. State v. Fike, 243 Kan. 365, Syl. ¶ 1, 757 P.2d 724 (1988). The flaw in Jackson's reasoning is that the evidence at trial indicated that Childers had suffered bodily harm which was either the result of intentional or reckless conduct. The trial court instructed on the theory of aggravated battery charged in the complaint (intentional physical contact) and the theory of aggravated battery supported by the evidence at trial (reckless bodily harm) which carries a less severe sentence. Jackson made no objection to the instruction at trial. This is not a case where the defendant has been prejudiced by an instruction on a completely different crime with an increased severity level. Under the facts of this case, we affirm Jackson's conviction and sentence on this count. We vacate Jackson's sentence for aggravated battery of Alan Eastman and remand for resentencing. Jackson's sentence for count 6, unlawful possession of firearm, is ordered to run concurrent with his other sentences. Jackson's convictions and other sentences are affirmed.