Opinion ID: 2976513
Heading Depth: 1
Heading Rank: 2

Heading: analysis

Text: Where, as here, the BIA adopts the IJ’s reasoning, we review the IJ’s decision directly to determine whether the decision of the BIA should be upheld on appeal. Amir v. Gonzales, 467 F.3d 921, 924 (6th Cir. 2006). We review an IJ’s determination regarding changed country conditions for substantial evidence. Ramaj v. Gonzales, 466 F.3d 520, 530-31 (6th Cir. 2006). Borbodoeva argues that extraordinary circumstances excuse her failure to file an asylum application within one year. See 8 C.F.R. § 1208.4(a)(5) (listing extraordinary circumstances that excuse untimely filing of an asylum application). She argues that she failed to file in a timely fashion because of depression and ineffective assistance of counsel from a paralegal. We are jurisdictionally barred from considering this claim. Congress has jurisdictionally barred us from entertaining appeals from the Attorney General’s determination of whether an asylum application has been filed within the time limit. 8 U.S.C. § 1158 (a)(2)(B) & (a)(3). Borbodoeva attempts to circumvent this jurisdictional limitation by arguing that the REAL ID Act reestablishes our appellate jurisdiction to review constitutional claims and questions of law. 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a)(2)(D). However, we have squarely rejected this argument because whether circumstances excuse the untimeliness of an asylum application generally presents a question of fact, not a constitutional claim or a question of law. Almuhtaseb v. Gonzales, 453 F.3d 743, 747-48 (6th Cir. 2006); see also Shkulaku-Purballori v. Mukasey, 514 F.3d 499, 502 (6th Cir. 2007) (holding that issue of whether -3- extraordinary circumstances excuse untimely filing of asylum application is jurisdictionally barred under Almuhtaseb); Amir, 467 F.3d at 924 (same). Borbodoeva argues that the IJ erred by failing to make a finding regarding her credibility. While she may be entitled to a presumption of credibility on appeal, she is not entitled to relief on this ground because the IJ denied her petition based on changed country conditions, a ground independent of her credibility. Substantial evidence supports the IJ’s finding that country conditions in Kyrgyzstan have changed such that there is no clear probability that Borbodoeva will be persecuted if she returns. An alien seeking withholding of removal under § 241(b)(3) of the INA bears the burden to show that her life or freedom would be threatened in the future in the country of removal because of, inter alia, her political opinion or membership in a particular social group. 8 C.F. R. § 1208.16(b). If the alien is determined to have suffered past persecution based on a protected ground, she is entitled to a rebuttable presumption of future persecution. 8 C.F.R. § 1208.16(b)(1)(i). However, the presumption may be rebutted if the IJ finds by a preponderance of the evidence that there has been a fundamental change in circumstances such that the alien’s life or freedom would not be threatened on account of a protected ground. 8 C.F. R. § 1208.16(b)(1)(i)(A). To qualify for withholding of removal under CAT, the alien must show that it is more likely than not that she would be tortured if removed to the proposed country of removal. 8 C.F. R. § 1208.16(c)(2). We need not analyze changed country conditions in the asylum context because Borbodoeva’s asylum application was untimely. President Askar Akayev, leader of the government that arrested and beat Borbodoeva because of her political activities, was forced out of office and fled the country in 2005. The new government -4- was headed by Kurmanbek Bakiyev, who had led the protests against Akayev. Felix Kulov, the leader of Borbodoeva’s Ar-Namys Party, was released from prison, cleared of all charges by the Kyrgyzstan Supreme Court, appointed head of the country’s security forces, and later became prime minister and important political ally to President Bakiyev. Borbodoeva relies on the 2005 Country Reports of Human Rights Conditions from the United States Department of State for the assertion that reporters are routinely harassed. Aside from being old, out of date reports written during the early stages of the regime change, these reports also state that Kyrgyzstan’s “human rights record improved considerably” following the resignation of Akayev. Borbodoeva argues that the IJ erred by relying upon In Re S-V-, 22 I. & N. Dec. 1306 (2000), in denying her relief under CAT. The IJ stated “Article 3 of the Torture Convention does not extend protection to persons who fear entities the government is unable to control” and cited to In Re S-V-. We have recognized that In Re S-V- “directly conflicts with Congress’s intent to include willful blindness in the definition of acquiescence.” Amir, 467 F.3d at 927. While the IJ erred by citing an authority that is no longer good law, this error was harmless because it did not affect the changed country conditions analysis, the ground upon which the IJ ultimately relied in denying Borbodoeva relief. The IJ correctly applied the legal standard for the changed country condition analysis and did not rely on In Re S-V- for any relevant proposition of law.