Opinion ID: 324434
Heading Depth: 1
Heading Rank: 3

Heading: the government's failure to record the entirety of each communication intercepted.

Text: 20 The appellant's second attack on the government's execution of the wiretap orders is also raised for the first time in this Court. They charge that the government violated 18 U.S.C. 2518(8)(a) which requires, inter alia, that the recording of the intercepted communications 'shall be done in such a way as will protect the recordings from editing.' 21 The record shows that the government agents listened to the entirety of each communication intercepted but recorded only those parts that 'pertained to gambling.' 'Private coversations' were not recorded. Whether this procedure failed to protect the recordings from editing in violation of the statute is a question we do not here decide. The appellants were aware of the procedure used before trial but did not move for suppression pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 2518(10)(a), nor do they claim they were denied the opportunity to do so. Neither did they challenge the admission of the recordings on the ground of questionable authenticity. See United States of America v. Eugene Wesley Howard, 504 F.2d 1281, 1287 (8th Cir. 1974), United States v. Knohl, 379 F.2d 427 (2nd Cir.), cert. denied, 389 U.S. 973, 88 S.Ct. 472, 19 L.Ed.2d 465 (1967). The failure to raise the issue below forecloses review. 22 VII. WHETHER THE COURT ERRED IN PROVIDING THE JURY TYPED TRANSCRIPTS OF THE COMMUNICATIONS INTERCEPTED WHILE THE TAPES THEREOF WERE BEING PLAYED TO THE JURY. 23 The trial court provided the jury with a typed transcript of each intercepted recording offered into evidence by the government. The appellants argue that this violated the best evidence rule, the rule against improper emphasis and repetition and the rule against hearsay. 24 The use of typed transcripts as visual aids to the jury in listening to the playback of the recorded communications is a matter within the sound discretion of the trial judge. United States v. Carson, 464 F.2d 424, 437 (2nd Cir.), cert. denied, 409 U.S. 949, 93 S.Ct. 268, 34 L.Ed.2d 219 (1972); Fountain v. United States, 384 F.2d 624, 632 (5th Cir. 1967), cert. denied, Marshall v. United States, 390 U.S. 1005, 88 S.Ct. 1246, 20 L.Ed.2d 105 (1968); United States v. Hall, 342 F.2d 849, 853 (4th Cir.), cert. denied,382 U.S. 812, 86 S.Ct. 28, 15 L.Ed.2d 60 (1965). 25 In the exercise of his discretion, the judge below reviewed the transcripts and found that they were prepared with care and accurately reflected the recorded communications. He also determined that the transcripts were necessary to enable the jury to intelligently follow the recorded conversations which contained gambling language unfamiliar to the jurors. Before distributing the transcripts, the court carefully instructed the jury on their limited use. It directed the jury to use the transcripts only as aids in listening to the recordings and to base its verdict upon what was heard and not upon what was read. Further, the jurors were directed to listen carefully to the declarant's manner and emphasis of speech so as to understand the meaning of what was said. Finally, the transcripts were not made available to the jury during its deliberation. We cannot say that this careful and considered use of the typed transcripts was an abuse of discretion. 26