Opinion ID: 2221117
Heading Depth: 1
Heading Rank: 3

Heading: Adequacy of Scope of Immunity to Displace Privilege Against Self-Incrimination.

Text: Next, Girdler contends that the scope of immunity which he was granted is not sufficient to displace his constitutional immunity under the fifth amendment to the federal constitution, and, therefore, such grant as has been given him is inadequate to permit the compelling of testimony. In raising this argument, Girdler appears to contend that he has been given only use immunity in the district court's order. We disagree. He has been granted use immunity and transactional immunity by that order. Because derivative use immunity is also constitutionally mandated, we interpret the order to also confer that brand of immunity upon Girdler's testimony. Girdler's grant of immunity not only equals the constitutional privilege which will be displaced by virtue of compelling him to testify, it exceeds it. The constitutional immunity necessary under the fifth amendment in order to justify compelling a witness to answer requires only use and derivative use immunity. Kastigar v. United States, 406 U.S. 441, 92 S.Ct. 1653, 32 L.Ed.2d 212 (1972). As indicated, Girdler was given transactional immunity as well. For these reasons, we find no merit in Girdler's contention that the immunity granted him does not displace his constitutional privilege against self-incrimination. Girdler also contends that the extent of the immunity granted to him is inadequate because it leaves him subject to criminal prosecution on the transactions to which he testifies in other states or in the federal courts. We disagree. Although neither the legislature nor the courts of this state have the power to grant Girdler extraterritorial transactional immunity from prosecutions by sister states or federal authorities, the fifth amendment to the federal constitution will provide him with use and derivative use immunity with respect to any testimony compelled under the conditions established in rule 19(3). Murphy v. Waterfront Commission, 378 U.S. 52, 79, 84 S.Ct. 1594, 1609-10, 12 L.Ed.2d 678, 695 (1964). This is sufficient to satisfy the constitutional requirements upon which such grants of immunity must depend.