Opinion ID: 1435420
Heading Depth: 5
Heading Rank: 3

Heading: Overlapping Participants

Text: Both the Liotard and Kemp tests direct us to consider overlap in the participants of the two conspiracies. The Rigases were the main actors in both indictments. Other members of the Rigas family are also central to both indictments. The New York Indictment named a number coconspirators including Michael Rigas, Michael Mulcahey, James R. Brown, and Timothy A. Werth. [15] Although other Rigas family members were not specifically named in the New York indictment many of the allegations relate to the Rigas family, including John Rigas's wife, sons, daughter and son-in-law. New York Indictment ¶ 2. For example, the New York Indictment alleges that Adelphia advanced substantial amounts of cash to other members of the Rigas Family, id. ¶ 169, and that the Rigases caused Adelphia to file a Form 10-K which falsely understated the total amount of compensation to ... another member of the Rigas Family by failing to include the[se] cash advances, id. ¶ 173. The Bill of Particulars also listed at least nine members of the Rigas family who used the Adelphia corporate aircraft for personal travel. Similarly, the Pennsylvania Indictment alleges that the Rigases conspired with others known and unknown. It also alleges that the Rigases caused Michael Rigas, James Rigas, and Ellen Rigas to under-report their income.