Opinion ID: 209941
Heading Depth: 3
Heading Rank: 1

Heading: Shinyei Enters Ball Bearings from Japan

Text: Commerce issued an antidumping order on ball bearings from Japan in 1989. Antidumping Duty Orders: Ball Bearings, Cylindrical Roller Bearings, and Spherical Plain Bearings, and Parts Thereof From Japan, 54 Fed.Reg. 20,904 (May 15, 1989). During the second administrative review period, from May 1, 1990 to April 30, 1991, Shinyei imported and entered ball bearings from Japan, making about 100 entries and paying antidumping duty deposits at the rate of 45.83% ad valorem. In 1992, Commerce published final results of the review for the second administrative review period, which ordinarily would have been followed by liquidation of the entries made during that period. Antifriction Bearings (Other Than Tapered Roller Bearings) and Parts Thereof From France; et al.; Final Results of Antidumping Duty Administrative Reviews, 57 Fed.Reg. 28,360 (June 24, 1992). But Commerce's review results were challenged by importers (not including Shinyei) in the Court of International Trade, and that court preliminarily enjoined liquidation of entries made during the second administrative review period (including Shinyei's entries) pending a final court decision. See Fed. Mogul Corp. v. United States, No. 92-06-00422 (Ct. Int'l Trade July 14, 1992) (issuing a preliminary injunction). A final court decision did not come until 1997, when we affirmed Commerce's review results as they had been amended in the interim. See Torrington Co. v. United States, 127 F.3d 1077, 1081 (Fed.Cir.1997). On February 23, 1998, Commerce published notice of the final Torrington decision and of the court-adjudicated review results (Amended Review Results) in the Federal Register. Antifriction Bearings (Other Than Tapered Roller Bearings) and Parts Thereof From France, et al.; Amended Final Results of Antidumping Duty Administrative Reviews, 63 Fed.Reg. 8908 (Feb. 23, 1998). Also in 1998, Commerce issued instructions to Customs to liquidate entries made during the 1990-1991 review period at the final antidumping rates set by the Amended Review Results (the 1998 Liquidation Instructions). Because these final antidumping duty rates were substantially lower than the 45.83% ad valorem rate at which Shinyei had deposited duties in 1990-1991, Shinyei stood to receive a refund for each of its entries that Customs would liquidate pursuant to Commerce's 1998 Liquidation Instructions. But for reasons that are not clearindeed, exactly what happened and why are the very questions of the merits that the Court of International Trade has twice declined to reachthe 1998 Liquidation Instructions covered some but not all of Shinyei's 1990-1991 entries of ball bearings, and Customs actually liquidated only those entries covered by the 1998 Liquidation Instructions. As discussed below, the remaining entries were deemed liquidatedi.e., were liquidated by operation of lawin August of 1998, though at that time it may not have been clear that deemed liquidation had occurred.