Opinion ID: 183945
Heading Depth: 4
Heading Rank: 2

Heading: Alternative Avenues to Exercise the Right

Text: The second Turner factor is whether other avenues remain available for the exercise of the asserted right. Turner, 482 U.S. at 90, 107 S.Ct. 2254 (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). Defendants argue that CJA has alternative avenues to communicate with inmates because the jails will distribute CJA to inmates who request it. But there is a material question of fact whether, as a practical matter, Plaintiffs can effectively reach county jail inmates if they can deliver CJA only upon request. In Morrison, 261 F.3d at 904, we held that the second Turner factor weighed against the legitimacy of a mail policy when restricted publications would be delivered only if they were sent at a higher rate. `[P]aying a higher rate is not an alternative because the prisoner cannot force a publisher who needs to use, and is entitled to use, the standard rate to take additional costly steps to mail his individual newsletter.' Id. (quoting PLN I, 238 F.3d at 1149). Here, unlike our earlier cases, the jails' policies do not require inmates to pay for CJA, or for CJA to mail its issues at a higher postage rate. Cf. Morrison, 261 F.3d at 904. However, in practice, it is difficult to create a broad awareness of CJA among inmates in jails where, unlike in prisons, populations turn over quickly. It is true that CJA can advertise its publication to inmates through the yellow pages or television, both of which are available in the jails, and through word of mouth. But many inmates will have left the jail before they can learn about the existence of CJA, request that it be sent to them, and then receive it. Inmates typically want information about bail bonds and attorneys as soon as they arrive at the jail. For those who receive CJA only after a significant wait, the advertising in CJA is of little or no use.