Opinion ID: 172105
Heading Depth: 2
Heading Rank: 3

Heading: Judicially-Found Facts Used at Sentencing

Text: Urbano finally argues his sentence was improper because the district court's sentence was based upon additional facts beyond those found by the jury. These facts were Urbano's possession of a high-capacity weapon and obstruction of justice, which increased Urbano's offense level from 14 to 22. Urbano contends his Sixth Amendment right to a trial by jury was violated by the judicial findings because his Guidelines sentence range more than doubled after the imposition of the enhancements. This increase was so substantial, he argues, that the resulting sentence is, in effect, the tail that wags the dog of the underlying sentence. Like his Commerce Clause challenge, Urbano's Sixth Amendment challenge is foreclosed by this court's precedent. The Sixth Amendment is not violated when a district court finds additional facts by a preponderance standard in order to calculate an advisory Guidelines sentencing range. United States v. Ivory, 532 F.3d 1095, 1103 (10th Cir.2008); United States v. Magallanez, 408 F.3d 672, 685 (10th Cir. 2005). Because the Guidelines sentence calculation in this case was advisory, there was no violation of Urbano's Sixth Amendment rights.