Opinion ID: 773258
Heading Depth: 2
Heading Rank: 1

Heading: Disobedience of a Court or Agency Order

Text: 20 An enhancement for violation of judicial process is appropriate where a defendant's offense involves the violation of a specific order or directive from a court or agency -- as opposed to a defendant's failure to follow a general set of instructions -- whether within the bankruptcy context, e.g., United States v. Rowe, 202 F.3d 37, 43 (1st Cir. 2000), or in other judicial or administrative contexts, e.g., United States v. Austin, 54 F.3d 394, 403 (7th Cir. 1995) (FTC injunction). The reason for applying the enhancement to this form of misconduct is because the defendant, by disobeying the particular order or directive, evidences the aggravated criminal intent that the enhancement was designed to punish. Carrozzella, 105 F.3d at 800 (quoting U.S.S.G. § 2F1.1 Background); see also United States v. Spencer, 129 F.3d 246, 252-53 (2d Cir. 1997).