Opinion ID: 1035557
Heading Depth: 4
Heading Rank: 1

Heading: Additional Standard of Review

Text: “Appellate review of a deliberate ignorance instruction is necessarily a fact-intensive endeavor. To determine the validity of the instruction, this Court must carefully examine the totality of the evidence.” United States v. LaraVelasquez, 919 F.2d 946, 952 (5th Cir. 1990). “Even if the district court errs in its decision to give the deliberate ignorance instruction, any such error is harmless where substantial evidence of actual knowledge was presented at trial.” United States v. Miller, 588 F.3d 897, 906 (5th Cir. 2009) (alteration, citation, and internal quotation marks omitted). 9 All Appellants raising challenges to jury instructions properly preserved their challenges by objecting contemporaneously. 23 Case: 11-41376 Document: 00512323905 Page: 24 Date Filed: 07/29/2013 Nos. 11-41376 c/w 11-41392