Opinion ID: 202957
Heading Depth: 3
Heading Rank: 2

Heading: Instructions on Punitive Damages

Text: The Local, the IBPO, and Leary also argue that the punitive damages instructions were incorrect. Again, these objections to instructions were not preserved at trial, and there was no error. Because the jury verdict form did not differentiate between the state and federal claims, and because the claim must be sustainable under the state statute in order for the entire jury award to be upheld, we analyze the jury verdict on the retaliation and discrimination claims under state law. When state law provides the basis of decision, `the propriety of an award of punitive damages for the conduct in question, and the factors the jury may consider in determining their amount, are questions of state law.' McMillan v. Mass. Soc'y for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, 140 F.3d 288, 306 (1st Cir. 1998) (quoting Browning-Ferris Indus. of Vt. v. Kelco Disposal, 492 U.S. 257, 278, 109 S.Ct. 2909, 106 L.Ed.2d 219 (1989)). [9] Under Massachusetts law, punitive damages are appropriate where a defendant's conduct warrants condemnation and deterrence. Bain, 678 N.E.2d at 161-62; see also Dartt, 691 N.E.2d at 537 (Punitive damages may be awarded for conduct that is outrageous, because of the defendant's evil motive or his reckless indifference to the rights of others. (quoting Restatement (Second) of Torts § 908(2) (1979)) (internal quotation marks omitted)); Blockel v. J.C. Penney Co., 337 F.3d 17, 28 (1st Cir.2003) (quoting Bain and Dartt in setting out the Massachusetts standard for punitive damages under the state antidiscrimination statute). The judge repeatedly emphasized in his instructions that punitive damages should be awarded only when the defendants' conduct was especially outrageous: Punitive damages are reserved for egregious, that is, especially bad violations of civil rights. And they are designed . . . as a punishment. But I emphasize to you, punitive damages are to be reserved for the especially bad, the egregious violations of civil rights. You would have to find the retaliation was extreme, egregious, and if you do, then as a fine you may impose [punitive damages]. The instructions were appropriate.