Opinion ID: 774103
Heading Depth: 4
Heading Rank: 5

Heading: Securing an Information and an Arrest Warrant

Text: 49 The foregoing reasoning applies with even more force to the prosecutor's actual decision to prosecute, whether it be by grand jury indictment or information. Appellees are alleged to have re-prosecuted Milstein via an information that was supported by Doe 1's criminal complaint. To the extent that Doe 1's criminal complaint resulted in an information charging Milstein, Appellees enjoy absolute immunity. Imbler, 424 U.S. at 431; Mishler, 191 F.3d at 1008. 50 However, Milstein also states that the criminal complaint supported the issuance of an arrest warrant. On the one hand, Milstein's Second Amended Complaint may be attempting to cast the criminal complaint as akin to the affidavits or oaths at issue in Kalina and Morley--more the product of witness participation than prosecutorial advocacy. But on the other hand, the usual function of a criminal complaint is not for the prosecutor to attest to facts based on personal knowledge. Instead, the prosecutor simply recounts the facts, produced by an investigation, that provide probable cause to arrest--in this case, Gutierrez's statements. Kalina indicated that but for counsel personally swearing to the facts contained in her certification supporting the motion for an arrest warrant, she would have been protected by absolute immunity. Id., 522 U.S. at 129. Because Milstein does not allege that Appellees (or Doe 1) personally swore to the facts in the criminal complaint, absolute immunity is appropriate for this act. 51