Opinion ID: 1763022
Heading Depth: 1
Heading Rank: 2

Heading: Should Interlocutory Appeal be Permitted?

Text: We have recognized that in a small fraction of cases the parties may reasonably mistake an interlocutory ruling for a final order and fail to request permission to appeal. To cover such situations Iowa Rule of Appellate Procedure 1(c) provides: If an appeal to the supreme court is improvidently taken because the order from which appeal is taken is interlocutory, this alone shall not be ground for dismissal. The papers upon which the appeal was taken shall be regarded and acted upon as an application for interlocutory appeal under rule 2, rules of appellate procedure, as if duly presented to the supreme court at the time the appeal was taken. We have recently cautioned, however, that rule 1(c) should rarely be invoked since it incorporates the rule 2(a) standards for determining when interlocutory appeal should be permitted. Rule 2(a) provides in pertinent part: Such appeal may be granted ... on finding that such ruling or decision involves substantial rights and will materially affect the final decision and that a determination of its correctness before trial on the merits will better serve the interests of justice. Applying those standards we decline to permit interlocutory appeal from the trial court's entry of partial summary judgment. We need not decide whether the trial court's decision meets the first two criteria, involves substantial rights and will materially affect the final decision. The ruling on summary judgment matters does not meet the final test, a determination of its correctness before trial on the merits will better serve the interests of justice. Iowa R.App.P. 2(a). We permit interlocutory appeals only sparingly. Knauss v. City of Des Moines, 357 N.W.2d 573, 576 (Iowa 1984); see Banco Mortgage Co. v. Steil, 351 N.W.2d 784, 787 (Iowa 1984) (explaining why we view with disfavor applications for interlocutory appeal). The party seeking to appeal at an early stage of the district court proceedings has the heavy burden to show that the likely benefit to be derived from early appellate review outweighs the likely detriment and therefore satisfies the requirement that the interests of justice be better served. Time and expense of a trial may sometimes be avoided if a trial court has erroneously failed to terminate the action on motion to dismiss or for summary judgment. Often, however, a case may simply not yet be ripe for appellate review. In the usual case, allowance of an interlocutory appeal is likely to increase the cost of litigation and delay the entry of a final judgment. It may even be followed by a second appeal once final judgment has been entered. The record in this case does not satisfy the benefit-detriment standard. On balance, the interests of justice would better have been served had the parties proceeded to final judgment before engaging the costly and time consuming appellate process. If before filing a notice of appeal the defendants had first considered new lease terms which plaintiff was directed to propose, the parties might have found the terms entirely satisfactory. If the parties had disagreed concerning new lease terms, the lease fixed by the court following trial might have satisfied the defendants, or perhaps caused the plaintiff to change its mind about exercising the three-year option to renew. Either way, the parties would have fully understood their relative rights before seeking appellate review. The possibility of fragmented appealsone interlocutory, a second taken from the final judgmentshould be avoided whenever possible. We do not apply less stringent standards to the granting of interlocutory appeals when an appellant belatedly seeks permission under rule 1(c) than when permission is properly requested at the outset under rule 2(a). Such a policy would reward those who evade the rules governing interlocutory appeals and penalize those who follow them. We recognize that the delay and litigation expense brought about by defendants' appeal have already had an adverse impact on the parties. The parties and their counsel have only themselves to blame for that cost in time and money. Defendants should have complied with rule 2(a) by initially applying for permission to take an interlocutory appeal. Plaintiff could have moved to dismiss the appeal immediately after defendants' notice of appeal was filed. Iowa R.App.P. 23(a); see Banco Mortgage Co. v. Steil, 351 N.W.2d at 787 (inviting appellees to challenge lack of finality by motions to dismiss). We repeat the caution both Iowa appellate courts have given concerning the purview of Iowa Rule of Appellate Procedure 1(c): Because interlocutory review is granted very sparingly, no party should take an appeal as of right from an interlocutory order in the hope it will be saved from dismissal by application of rule 1(c). Rowen v. LeMars Mutual Insurance Company, 357 N.W.2d at 581. Application for appeals of interlocutory decisions or rulings should be taken pursuant to Iowa Rule of Appellate Procedure 2. Attempts to use Iowa Rule of Appellate Procedure 1(c) to avoid applying for permission to take an interlocutory appeal are improper. Hitachi Sales Corp. v. Commercial Trust & Savings Bank, 342 N.W.2d 889, 891 (Iowa Ct.App.1983). Defendants had no right of appeal from the trial court's grant of a partial summary judgment, and they have not shown that allowance of an appeal from that interlocutory ruling would better serve the interests of justice, one of the criteria of rule 1(c). APPEAL DISMISSED.