Opinion ID: 5328
Heading Depth: 2
Heading Rank: 2

Heading: Adekunle

Text: Adekunle, on the other hand, does not dispute that customs officials had reasonable suspicion to detain him as a suspected alimentary canal drug smuggler. He argues, rather, that once reasonable suspicion ripened into probable cause he was no longer a subject in investigatory detention governed by the rule of Montoya de Hernandez, but was under arrest. Rule 5(a) of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure requires that after a defendant is arrested he must be taken before a federal magistrate without unnecessary delay. Further, the fourth amendment requires a prompt determination of probable cause following a warrantless arrest.11 Failure to provide such a determination within 48 hours shifts the burden to the government to demonstrate a bona fide emergency or extraordinary circumstances justifying the lengthier delay.12 Adekunle argues that the government's investigative detention ripened into an arrest supported by probable cause when an x-ray 11 Gerstein v. Pugh, 420 U.S. 103 (1975). 12 County of Riverside v. McLaughlin, 114 L.Ed.2d49 (1991). 8 exposed that his companion, Masha, was carrying suspected substances in his alimentary canal. Adekunle was not formally arrested, however, until two days later, after he began passing heroin-filled balloons. He was brought before a magistrate judge Thursday morning, about 60 hours after his arrest. He contends that the failure of prompt presentation before a magistrate judge requires the suppression of any incriminating statements made during the period of detention.13 Adekunle's contention must be rejected out-of-hand. Acceptance of this proposition would result in the absurdity that one could have his liberty restrained for a longer period based on a mere reasonable suspicion than he lawfully could be detained based on probable cause. In the case at bar the delay was occasioned by appellants' refusal to cooperate with the authorities and their initial nigh-remarkable ability to control their bodily functions. This was coupled with the medical need to monitor them until the potentially toxic substances, in death-dealing quantities, were safely expelled from their bodies. We conclude that the delay in bringing him before the magistrate judge was justified.