Opinion ID: 201206
Heading Depth: 2
Heading Rank: 1

Heading: Fed.R.Civ.P. 19 joinder

Text: 50 The Capuanos argued to the district court that Fed.R.Civ.P. 19(a) required all non-settling PRPs to be joined as necessary parties. The district court held that Rule 19 does not require joinder of other known solvent PRPs. In their appellate brief, the Capuanos mention the Rule 19 issue, but do not provide any arguments as to why Rule 19 requires other PRPs to be joined. Since the Capuanos failed to develop any argument, we consider this issue waived. See United States v. Bongiorno, 106 F.3d 1027, 1034 (1st Cir.1997) (We have steadfastly deemed waived issues raised on appeal in a perfunctory manner, not accompanied by developed argumentation.).