Opinion ID: 386114
Heading Depth: 2
Heading Rank: 5

Heading: Pretrial Publicity-Due Process

Text: 42 Hearst claims that the huge amount of prejudicial pretrial publicity made it impossible for her to receive the fair trial guaranteed by the Fifth Amendment's Due Process Clause. Bailey did not make this claim at trial or on direct appeal, nor did he move for a continuance or change of venue to alleviate the problem; instead, he relied on the voir dire to obtain unbiased jurors. The § 2255 court held that this constituted a waiver of Hearst's due process/fair trial objection, and no cause was alleged or prejudice shown, see Wainwright v. Sykes, 433 U.S. 72, 97 S.Ct. 2497, 53 L.Ed.2d 594 (1977), to justify permitting the waived objection to be litigated collaterally. 466 F.Supp. at 1073-76. 43 In federal criminal cases, all defenses and objections based on defects in the institution of the prosecution or non-jurisdictional defects in the indictment or information must be raised before trial, or else are waived (although the court for cause shown may grant relief from the waiver). Fed.R.Crim.P. 12(b) (1)-(2), (f). A waived challenge of the grand jury cannot be litigated collaterally. Davis v. United States, 411 U.S. 233, 242, 93 S.Ct. 1577, 1582, 36 L.Ed.2d 216 (1973). Challenges of the petit jury are treated the same as challenges of the grand jury. Shotwell Manufacturing Co. v. United States, 371 U.S. 341, 362, 83 S.Ct. 448, 460, 9 L.Ed.2d 357 (1963). It follows that Hearst's due process/fair trial objection was waived. 44 Although Hearst did not explicitly identify Bailey's conflict of interest as the cause for this waiver, her allegations that this conflict induced Bailey to fail to move for a continuance or a change of venue sufficiently raised a claim of Sykes and Rule 12(f) cause before the § 2255 district court. But we note that Hearst's allegations in contentions (A)(1) and (2), that Bailey's failure to make these motions violated her Sixth Amendment rights, are substantively identical to her allegation of cause. If she can establish actual conflict of interest and a Sixth Amendment violation, she establishes cause; by the same token, she cannot show cause without showing an actual conflict. 45 Once Hearst established an actual conflict of interest with adverse effect on her counsel's performance, she would be entitled to relief on contentions (A) (1) and (2) even if no prejudice to her chance of acquittal at trial appeared. Therefore, if Hearst is entitled to relief on contentions (A)(1) and (2) she will gain the relief she seeks through contention (E); yet if she is not entitled to relief on the former contentions, she could not be entitled to relief on the later contention (because she would not have established cause). Since the district court's decision on contentions (A)(1) and (2), which we have remanded for a hearing, will effectively moot contention (E), we see no reason to disturb the district court's decision on that issue.