Opinion ID: 232000
Heading Depth: 1
Heading Rank: 11

Heading: Supplementary and Special Proceedings.

Text: 'Rule 41. Search and Seizure '(e) Motion for Return of Property and to Suppress Evidence. A person aggrieved by an unlawful search and seizure may move the district court for the district in which the property was seized for the return of the property and to suppress for use as evidence anything so obtained on the ground that (1) the property was illegally seized without warrant, or (2) the warrant is insufficient on its face, or (3) the property seized is not that described in the warrant, or (4) there was not probably cause for believing the existence of the grounds on which the warrant was issued, or (5) the warrant was illegally executed. The judge shall receive evidence on any issue of fact necessary to the decision of the motion. If the motion is granted the property shall be restored unless otherwise subject to lawful detention and it shall not be admissible in evidence at any hearing or trial. The motion to suppress evidence may also be made in the district where the trial is to be had. The motion shall be made before trial or bearing unless opportunity therefor did not exist or the defendant was not aware of the grounds for the motion, but the court in its discretion may entertain the motion at the trial or hearing.' 10 There is no indication in the record on appeal that the books and documents were ever taken from appellant's possession illegally. At the hearing on the motion for return of the books and documents and suppression of their use as evidence, appellant sought permission to adduce testimony as to the circumstances of the Government's original acquisition of the records. The District Court held that appellant's attempt to raise this question for the first time at that point in the proceedings was not timely, relying upon the last sentence of Rule 41(e), Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure 11 For example, William E. Kyne testified that he kept the records of the B-R Smoke Shoppe; that these records consisted of a single entry each day, whether the business had lost or won; that this daily entry was a net figure arrived at after all the expenses of doing business had been paid, including salaries 12 The Supreme Court granted certiorari to examine a procedural issue not relevant to the instant case and affirmed the Fifth Circuit's holding on that issue. 1950, 338 U.S. 552, 70 S.Ct. 317, 94 L.Ed. 335 13 The District Court, in its instructions to the jury, properly explained the nature and effect of circumstantial evidence 14 We interpret Karn v. United States, 9 Cir., 1946, 158 F.2d 568, as holding in that case's factual context that no reasonable jury could have found that the evidence excluded every reasonable hypothesis but that of guilt 15 The enterprises in question included the B-R Smoke Shoppe, Day-Nite Cigar Store, 110 Eddy Street, and the Menlo Club. The extent of appellant's interest in the 21 Club and the San Diego Social Club was not in dispute 16 The Government cites Ziegler v. United States, 9 Cir., 1949, 174 F.2d 439, certiorari denied 338 U.S. 822, 70 S.Ct. 68, 94 L.Ed. 499, in contending that there could be no objection to any portion of the charge to the jury until the charge was given and that appellant has accordingly failed to satisfy the requirement of Rule 30. Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure. The facts in the Ziegler case were that the only objection made was at the time requested instructions were exchanged by counsel, and no objection was taken when the Court informed counsel of his proposed charge prior to final jury arguments. In the present case, on the other hand, objection was made by appellant to the instructions at the time provided by the Court, which was after the Court informed counsel of his proposed charge but prior to closing arguments to the jury. Since the record clearly discloses that the Court and counsel for both sides considered the procedure sufficient to satisfy Rule 30, and since the purpose of the rule has been served by giving the trial court opportunity to correct alleged errors in his charge, appellant's objections to the instructions have not been waived. Plain error in instructions should of course be noticed regardless of whether the matter was properly brought to the attention of the trial Court. Fed. R. Crim. P. 52(b); see such earlier cases as Screws v. United States, 1945, 325 U.S. 91, 107, 65 S.Ct. 1031, 89 L.Ed. 1495; Morris v. United States, 9 Cir., 1946, 156 F.2d 525, 527, 169 A.L.R. 305