Opinion ID: 4024287
Heading Depth: 4
Heading Rank: 2

Heading: Conspiracy to Commit Securities and Wire Fraud

Text: Venue is proper for conspiracy charges ʺin any district in which an overt act in furtherance of the conspiracy was committed.ʺ Tzolov, 642 F.3d at 319‐20 (quoting Royer, 549 F.3d at 896) (defendantsʹ act of boarding a plane at JFK airport, located in the EDNY, was an overt act sufficient to establish venue in the EDNY on conspiracy charge). ʺAn overt act is any act performed by any conspirator for the purpose of accomplishing the objectives of the conspiracy. The act need not be unlawful; it can be any act, innocent or illegal, as long as it is done in furtherance of the object or purpose of the conspiracy.ʺ Id. at 320. ʺThis includes not just acts by co‐conspirators but also acts that the conspirators caused others to take that materially furthered the ends of the conspiracy.ʺ Royer, 549 F.3d at 896. The Government is ʺnot restricted to the overt acts charged in the indictment in justifying its choiceʺ of venue. United States v. Schwartz, 535 F.2d 160, 165 (2d Cir. 1976).