Opinion ID: 169489
Heading Depth: 4
Heading Rank: 1

Heading: Ms. Singer

Text: Ms. Singer's status as a nonmember of the Navajo Nation renders application of the two Montana exceptions exceedingly straightforward in her case. There is no indication, and Plaintiffs do not contend, that any of the Defendants in this case entered into a consensual relationship with the Navajo Nation itself, and accordingly we are only concerned here with consensual relationships between Defendants and the tribe's members. Because she is a nonmember, however, there is no possibility that Defendants' actions with respect to Ms. Singer could have resulted in a consensual relationship with a member of the Navajo Nation. Moreover, Defendants' employment-related activities in regard to another nonmember on non-Indian land in no way affects the Navajo Nation's right to govern itself. Thus, neither Montana exception applies and the Navajo Nation did not possess regulatory authority over Defendants' activities vis-vis Ms. Singer.