Opinion ID: 179282
Heading Depth: 4
Heading Rank: 2

Heading: Testimony related to Ms. Boyd's serology report

Text: Pablo raises a similar objection to the admission of Ms. Snider's testimony as it relates to Ms. Boyd's serology report, arguing that the Confrontation Clause requires that he have an opportunity to cross-examine Ms. Boyd. Again, we decline to determine whether or not the district court erred because Pablo's alleged error is not plain as a factual or legal matter for substantially the same reasoning advanced with regard to Ms. Dick's report. Further, Pablo has failed to show the alleged error regarding Ms. Boyd's report affected his substantial rights. As with Ms. Dick's DNA report, we have no clear factual basis for determining if Ms. Snider merely parroted the contents of Ms. Boyd's serology report because Ms. Boyd's report is not a part of the appellate record, and Ms. Snider's testimony on its own does not make it clear that she was merely parroting Ms. Boyd's serology report. See Rose, 587 F.3d at 700-01 (finding no plain error because of factual ambiguities in the record). We note that the appellate record contains at least some notes signed and stamped by Ms. Boyd, but these materials do not adequately resolve the factual ambiguity. The appellate record contains a district court exhibit, Exhibit AA, the first five pages of which are signed or stamped by Ms. Boyd and the last five pages of which appear to have been prepared by the medical professional that examined L.R.H. after the rape. The district court did not admit Exhibit AA to the jury; rather, it admitted it as a matter of record outside the presence of the jury because a dispute had arisen over whether the prosecution had timely disclosed Exhibit AA to the defendants, particularly the last five pages of the exhibit. And, after reviewing the record, it appears that the first five pages of Exhibit AA are simply Benita Boyd's notes, not the serology report about which Pablo complains. ( See Supp. R. vol. 3 at 332:7-19 (referring to Ms. Boyd's report and Ms. Dick's report as having previously been disclosed to the defendant, but indicating that various notes had not been disclosed).) Moreover, neither Pablo's nor the government's briefs ever cite to Exhibit AASupp. R. vol. 1as constituting Ms. Boyd's serology report. Thus, despite these notes in the record, we still have an inadequate factual basis from which to determine if Ms. Snider inappropriately parroted Ms. Boyd's serology report, and thus we cannot find plain error as a matter of fact. [9] Like Ms. Dick's DNA report, the district court did not admit into evidence Ms. Boyd's serology report. Thus, it is not plain from a legal standpoint whether Melendez-Diaz, which involved the admission into evidence of affidavits containing testimonial hearsay, would necessarily require the government to call Ms. Boyd to testify since her report was not admitted into evidence. For the foregoing reasons, we conclude that Pablo's alleged error concerning Ms. Snider's testimony as it relates to Ms. Boyd's serology report is not a plain error. [10]