Opinion ID: 748104
Heading Depth: 2
Heading Rank: 2

Heading: Testimony of Victims Other Than Those Named in the Indictment

Text: 20 Appellant Grzesczuk challenges the admission of testimony from Arnold Schultz and Ziddie Kennedy, who were victims not named in the indictment. Schultz and Kennedy testified that Grzesczuk solicited donations from them and that they were unhappy with the awards they received. 21 Evidence is considered proof of the charged crime, rather than proof of other crimes, when it is inextricably intertwined with evidence concerning the charged crime. United States v. Mundi, 892 F.2d 817, 820 (9th Cir.1989) (citing United States v. Soliman, 813 F.2d 277, 278 (9th Cir.1987)). In Mundi, the defendant had been convicted of fraud for devising a scheme involving eleven travel agencies. We determined that testimony which described the involvement of several travel agencies not named in the indictment was fully admissible as evidence of the same crime. 813 F.2d at 278. 22 Here, Schultz and Kennedy were victimized by the same individual and in the same manner as victims named in the indictment. While each solicitation that Grzesczuk made was its own wrongful act, all the solicitations were inextricably intertwined as part of the same fraudulent scheme at SNN. In addition, the indictment clearly considers all of Grzesczuk's telephone solicitations to be part of the charged crime. See Mundi, 392 F.2d at 820. Schultz's and Kennedy's testimony was therefore admissible as proof of the charged crime. 23