Opinion ID: 1790048
Heading Depth: 1
Heading Rank: 2

Heading: Appellant's RCr 11.42 Claim

Text: Criminal Rule 11.42 does not authorize relief from judgment for mere errors of the trial court and [i]n order for the rule to be invoked there must be a violation of a constitutional right, a lack of jurisdiction, or such violation of statute as to make the judgment void and therefore subject to collateral attack. Tipton v. Commonwealth, 376 S.W.2d 290 (Ky.1963). Appellant claims he was denied effective assistance of counsel and due process of law when his counsel failed to retain an independent expert to review Officer Sims' accident reconstruction calculations, or in the alternative, to discover and refute, by his own accord, the mathematical error and resulting conclusion that Appellant should have been able to stop his motorcycle in time to avoid the collision with the victim. We deem it necessary to point out RCr 11.42 motions are limited to the issues that were not and could not be raised on direct appeal. Hodge v. Commonwealth, 116 S.W.3d 463, 467-68 (Ky.2003)(internal citations omitted). An issue raised and rejected on direct appeal may not be reconsidered in these proceedings by simply claiming that it amounts to ineffective assistance of counsel. Id at 468. Therefore, we will not address the issue of whether Officer Sims' testimony should or should not have been admitted into evidence, but only the question of whether Appellant's counsel's failure to discover and inform the jury of Officer Sims' erroneous calculations and conclusions equates to ineffective assistance of counsel. In order to establish his counsel was ineffective, Appellant must satisfy a two-part test: First, the defendant must show that counsel's performance was deficient. This requires showing that counsel made errors so serious that counsel was not functioning as the counsel guaranteed the defendant by the Sixth Amendment. Second, the defendant must show that the deficient performance prejudiced the defense. This requires showing that counsel's errors were so serious as to deprive the defendant of a fair trial, a trial whose result is reliable. Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 2064, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984)(emphasis added); accord Moore v. Commonwealth, 983 S.W.2d 479, 482 (Ky. 1998). Therefore, we must first evaluate counsel's performance for errors, keeping in mind [t]he proper measure of attorney performance remains simply reasonableness under prevailing professional norms. Strickland, 466 U.S. at 688, 104 S.Ct. 2052. The performance inquiry must be whether counsel's assistance was reasonable considering all the circumstances. Id. Appellant bears a heavy responsibility since a court must indulge a strong presumption that counsel's conduct falls within the wide range of reasonable professional assistance. Haight v. Commonwealth, 41 S.W.3d 436, 442 (Ky.2001). We are aware that Appellant is not guaranteed errorless counsel, or counsel judged ineffective by hindsight, but counsel likely to render and rendering reasonably effective assistance. McQueen v. Commonwealth, 949 S.W.2d 70 (Ky.1997). Appellant's counsel testified at the RCr 11.42 hearing that he reviewed Officer Sims' calculations and chose not to hire an opposing expert because Appellant had consistently conveyed to him, as well as testified, that he never saw Autumn before hitting her. Therefore, counsel believed at the time that the braking distance and the running speed of children were non-factors in the trial. This contrasts with Officer Sims' testimony that the impact site would have been visible from 444 feet away. Thus, we believe since trial counsel's only defense was that the accident was unavoidable, and counsel was aware the prosecution intended to introduce expert testimony establishing the accident was in fact avoidable with normal reaction times, it was unreasonable not to attempt in some way to contest this evidence or at least, ensure its reliability. For one thing, jurors are undoubtedly greatly influenced by the testimony of someone deemed an expert. This is especially true if the only countervailing testimony comes from the defendant, the sole person with a strong motive to lie (if the truth would deem him guilty of the crime charged). The Appellant's testimony in this case  that the accident was unavoidable  should not have been relied on as being of equal weight to rebut Officer Sims' supposedly scientific accident reconstruction testimony to the contrary. We are not saying that in all cases an attorney must hire a rebutting expert witness to avoid being deemed ineffective. What is determinative in this case is that the damning expert testimony was clearly erroneous. The error was of such a nature that a non-mathematical expert discovered it on simple review of the calculations. And the fact that no other attorney, or judge, discovered the error until the case reached this Court on direct appeal does not excuse the error. It is the job of Appellant's counsel, and his counsel solely, to represent the interests of his client. Put simply, no one knew of the error because Appellant's counsel did not make them aware. The Commonwealth then was able to use Officer Sims' erroneous calculations to turn circumstantial evidence of Appellant's intoxication (possibly after the accident) into certain evidence of intoxication at the time of the accident. They argued a combination of Appellant's intoxication and speed amounted to reckless behavior. Thus, because Appellant's level of intoxication was crucial in analyzing whether his behavior should be deemed reckless, Officer Sims' conclusion that he should have been able to stop with 26 feet to spare, implying Appellant did not have normal reaction times, was far from a non-factor in the trial. We believe under the circumstances of this case, it was unreasonable for Appellant's counsel not to have either more prudently reviewed Officer Sims' calculations or to have hired an expert to at least help analyze, if not rebut, his conclusions. In measuring prejudice, the second prong of the Strickland test cited above, the inquiry is whether there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel's error(s), the result of the proceeding would have been different. Strickland, 466 U.S. at 694, 104 S.Ct. 2052(emphasis added); Bowling v. Commonwealth, 981 S.W.2d 545, 551 (Ky.1998), cert denied, 527 U.S. 1026, 119 S.Ct. 2375, 144 L.Ed.2d 778 (1999). The Strickland Court defined reasonable probability as a probability sufficient to undermine confidence in the outcome. Strickland, 466 U.S. at 694, 104 S.Ct. 2052. We find it important that the Strickland Court made clear that reasonable probability does not mean that counsel's deficient conduct more likely than not altered the verdict. In specific, the Court stated [t]he result of a proceeding can be rendered unreliable, and hence the proceeding itself unfair, even if the errors of counsel cannot be shown by a preponderance of the evidence to have determined the outcome. Id. This Court has also previously clarified a RCr 11.42 movant need not show that counsel's allegedly deficient performance would have compelled acquittal in order to meet the prejudice prong of Strickland. Norton v. Commonwealth, 63 S.W.3d 175, 177 (Ky.2002). [2] Accordingly, because the Commonwealth utilized Officer Sims' calculations and conclusions to prove Appellant was reckless in causing the death of Autumn Roaden, we believe counsel's failure to discover and inform the jury that Officer Sims' damaging testimony was based on erroneous calculations that, if corrected, would have supported the defense, was prejudicial error. Had the error been corrected at trial, the Commonwealth's witness would have had to admit, on the stand, Appellant could not have stopped in any event. [3] Although we suppose it is possible that a jury could have been informed of Officer Sims' mistaken calculations and resulting erroneous conclusions and still have decided to convict and sentence as it did the Appellant, that is not the test. See Rompilla v. Beard, ___ U.S. ___, 125 S.Ct. 2456, 2469, 162 L.Ed.2d 360 (2005). It goes without saying that the corrected testimony might well have influenced the jury's appraisal of Appellant's guilt or innocence or their recommended sentence. Id. Thus, the likelihood of a different result, if the error had been discovered and corrected by Appellant's counsel, is sufficient to undermine confidence in the outcome. Strickland, 466 U.S. at 694, 104 S.Ct. 2052. Under the circumstances of this case, we are not such men as can turn our heads from the grossly inaccurate scientific opinions testified to in this case, [4] which indicated the Appellant could have stopped in time  when, with the corrected calculations, the evidence would have been, that he could not! For the above stated reasons, we reverse and vacate the judgment of convictions and sentence in this case and remand this case back to the trial court for a new trial. LAMBERT, C.J.; COOPER and JOHNSTONE, JJ., concur. ROACH, J., dissents by separate opinion with GRAVES and WINTERSHEIMER, JJ., joining that dissent.