Opinion ID: 467482
Heading Depth: 2
Heading Rank: 2

Heading: Sixth Amendment Right

Text: 21 McClure also argues that his confession was obtained in violation of his sixth amendment right to counsel. The sixth amendment right to counsel, however, attaches only at or after the initiation of adversary judicial proceedings against the defendant. Kirby v. Illinois, 406 U.S. 682, 688, 92 S.Ct. 1877, 1881, 32 L.Ed.2d 411 (1972); see also Moran, 106 S.Ct. at 1145; United States v. Gouveia, 467 U.S. 180, 104 S.Ct. 2292, 2297-98, 81 L.Ed.2d 146 (1984). Adversary judicial proceedings may be initiated by way of formal charge, preliminary hearing, indictment, information, or arraignment. Kirby, 406 U.S. at 689, 92 S.Ct. at 1882; see also Moran, 106 S.Ct. at 1145; Gouveia, 104 S.Ct. at 2296. When McClure confessed to the murder on October 18, 1982, no complaint had been filed and no indictment had been returned; adversary judicial proceedings had not yet commenced against him in regard to the murder of Mrs. Thaxton. Because the confession preceded the formal initiation of adversary judicial proceedings, we reject McClure's contention that his sixth amendment right to counsel was violated. 22