Opinion ID: 414319
Heading Depth: 4
Heading Rank: 3

Heading: which actually causes injury to competition.

Text: 11 Ernest W. Hahn, Inc. v. Codding, 615 F.2d 830, 844 (9th Cir.1980); Kaplan v. Burroughs Corp., 611 F.2d 286, 290 (9th Cir.1979), cert. denied 447 U.S. 924, 100 S.Ct. 3016, 65 L.Ed.2d 1116 (1980). 12 We find that the evidence as a whole establishes the existence of a conspiracy between the defendants and that certain acts committed in furtherance of that conspiracy comprised both per se and rule of reason violations of Sec. 1 of the Sherman Act.