Opinion ID: 1993367
Heading Depth: 1
Heading Rank: 18

Heading: trial summary

Text: At several pre-trial conferences it was agreed that a large number of exhibits i.e. periodicals, statistical data as to the operation of Patuxent and other published material, should be received in evidence without objection. It was also agreed that there would not be objection to any evidence offered by either party except on the ground that it lacked materiality. There was agreement that a number of expert witnesses suggested by the parties or by the Court be called and designated as Court Witnesses so as to afford ample opportunity for cross-examination by all parties after initial interrogation by the Court. The testimony of these witnesses was expected to provide the Court background and with both general and specific information by recognized experts regarding the Defective Delinquent Act and the operation of Patuxent. A further purpose was to provide information to permit a comparison between Patuxent, penal institutions and private and state mental hospitals. These witnesses included the following: Dr. Manfred S. Guttmacher: Chief Medical Officer of the Supreme Bench of Baltimore; Professor of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University and University of Maryland; Chief Psychiatric Consultant, U.S. Second Army and Consultant to Veterans Administration; Salmon Lecturer, New York Academy of Medicine; Gimbel Lecturer, Stanford University; and Ray Lecturer, University of Minnesota; member of Advisory Committee to American Law Institute Committee drafting model penal code; Chairman, Legal Aspects of Psychiatry Committee, American Psychiatric Association; Psychiatric member, Committee of United Nations considering cause and treatment of crime; Chairman of Advisory Board for Defective Delinquents and member of Board of Patuxent Institution. Dr. Philip Q. Roche: Professor, University of Pennsylvania, forensic medicine pertaining to psychiatry; Chairman, Psychiatric Board of American Bar Foundation; consultant, Judicial Conference regarding mental illness, District of Columbia; publisher of articles on forensic issues; Ray Lecturer, University of Michigan; Chairman, American Psychiatric Association Committee to survey Patuxent Institution; former psychiatrist Eastern State Penitentiary of Philadelphia. Dr. Karl A. Menninger: of Topeka, Kansas, founder and Chief of Staff of Menninger Clinic, now Menninger Foundation, organizer of first psychiatric school; advisor to Director of Kansas State Mental and Penal Institutions; member of committee advising judges in formation of model sentencing act; psychiatric advisor to Air Force; psychiatric consultant for Strategic Air Command; author and lecturer of psychiatric subjects. Dr. Anna Maria Rosenberg: Forensic Psychiatrist, head of treatment center for mentally disturbed criminals, known as Vanderhoeven Clinic in Utrecht, Holland. Dr. Harold M. Boslow: Director, Patuxent Institution, Staff Psychiatrist, Veterans Administration; Medical Officer, Supreme Bench of Baltimore City; Faculty of Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; psychiatrist, Henry Phipps Psychiatric Clinic; consultant, Surgeon General, U.S. Second Army, American Hospital System and F.B.I. Dr. Jerome D. Frank: Ph. D. in psychology at Harvard University; graduated from Harvard University Medical School in 1939; three-year residency at Johns Hopkins; acting Chief of Psychiatry at Walter Reed; full professor at Johns Hopkins since 1959; published Persuasion and Healing; on the Advisory Board of Patuxent since its founding. Dr. Isadore Tuerk: Commissioner of Mental Hygiene, State of Maryland; psychiatrist, Clinical Director and later Superintendent of Spring Grove State Mental Hospital; Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University; Associate Professor of Psychiatry, University of Maryland; consultant, U.S. Army Hospital, Ft. Meade; Editorial Staff of Staff Magazine, which is a publication of American Psychiatric Association; member of Review Committee of National Institution of Mental Health and author of books and articles. Hon. William S. Thomas: Judge, Court of Common Pleas, Cuyahoga County (Cleveland) Ohio, recent appointee to U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Ohio; Chairman, Committee of the National Conference of State Trial Judges studying The Sociopathic Offender and the Courts. Dr. Peter P. Lejins: Professor of Sociology, University of Maryland; Director, Criminology Program, University of Maryland; President, Board of Juvenile Centers by appointment of Governor; member Governor's Commission on Children and Youth; President, Maryland Prisoners' Aid Association; consultant in area of correction and criminology to the Air Force and U.S. Army; member of the delegation of United States to the International Congress of the United Nations on Prevention of Crime and Treatment of Offenders; President of Washington Metropolitan Area Health and Welfare Council; past president of American Correctional Association; Chairman of Advisory Board of Maryland Children's Center. Vernon L. Pepersack: Commissioner of Correction, State of Maryland; Warden eleven years, Maryland Penitentiary. The Petitioner called the following expert witnesses: Dr. Ralph Meng: Psychiatrist since 1944; service in Army including U.S. Disciplinary Barracks, Fort Leavenworth (Military Prison); Clinical Director, Crownsville State Hospital. Dr. Edward Schnoor: Psychiatrist since 1957; Prison Psychiatrist, U.S. Naval Disciplinary Command two years. Dr. George Lassen: Psychologist; Hogg Foundation Fellow; Chief Psychologist at Larue Carter Memorial Hospital; Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Arkansas School of Medicine; Diplomate, American Board of Examiners and Professional Psychology; Associate Professor of Psychology, Baltimore Junior College; Court Psychologist for the Circuit Court of Baltimore County; author of articles on psychology. Dr. Brian Crowley: M.D. from Yale University in 1957; three years of psychiatric residency at St. Elizabeth's Hospital, Washington, D.C. In addition, the Petitioner called as witnesses a number of Patuxent inmates, including John Sas, petitioner in the Sas case. To complete the roster of witnesses mention is made that the Petitioner called an F.B.I. agent who investigated Patuxent inmate complaints and a witness to corroborate Daniels' denial of an incident mentioned in the history contained in his institutional records. The Respondent called no witnesses but relied on Court witnesses as suggested by the parties. The following exhibits were received in evidence with Court assigned numbers: EXHIBIT NUMBER 1 Transcript of Samuel Daniels' defective delinquency proceedings under Article 31 B, July 22, 1964. 2 Table listing the personnel classification, title, salary scale, incumbents, and length of service in present position in the Institution from August 15, 1955 through August 15, 1965. 3 Staff summary of treatability of inmates dated August 15, 1964. 4 Explanation of the Definition of the Definition from Patuxent Institution to the Office of the Attorney General for Maryland, September 29, 1964. 5 Composition and function of the Classification and Disciplinary Committees of Patuxent Institution, August 15, 1964. 6 Summary of psychotherapy as of August 15, 1964; September 15, 1964; March 18, 1965; and August 15, 1965. 7 Cell capacity report describing cell distribution by type and building location and distribution of standard cells by tier level and building location. 8 Distribution of patient population by: I Admission; II Diagnosis; III Committed; IV Total by graded tier level as of August 15, 1964, March 18, 1965, and August 15, 1965. 9 Duration of confinement statistics comparing original sentence with indeterminate sentence, March 3, 1965. 10 Summary of per capita costs for fiscal years 1956 through 1965 and estimates for 1966 and 1967, August 15, 1964 and August 15, 1965. 11 Chart comparing ratio of professional staff to patient population as of August 15, 1955 through 1965. 12 Summary of patient admission, diagnosis, commitment and discharge for fiscal years 1955 through 1965, dated February 25, 1965. 13 Patuxent Institution 1966 budget request. 14 Report of the Commission to Study Medico-Legal Psychiatry submitted to Governor Lane and the Maryland General Assembly December 28, 1948, John H. Skeen, Jr., Esq., Chairman. 15 Research Report No. 29 of the Research Division of the Maryland Legislative Council entitled An Indeterminate Sentence Law for Defective Delinquents submitted December, 1950. 16 Report of the Committee of the American Psychiatric Association on Patuxent Institution, Dr. Philip Q. Roche, Chairman, to The Hon. Roszel C. Thomsen, Chairman, Commission to Study and Re-evaluate the Patuxent Institution, December 20, 1960. 17 Report of the Commission to Study and Re-evaluate Patuxent Institution, Hon. Roszel C. Thomsen, Chairman, to Senator Della, Chairman of the Legislative Council, January 25, 1961. 18 The Maryland Defective Delinquency Law: Psychiatric Implications for the Treatment of Antisocial Disorders under the Law; by Boslow, Rosenthal and Gliedman. 19 Methods and Experiences in Group Treatment of Defective Delinquents in Maryland by Boslow, Rosenthal, Kandel and Manne. Reprinted from the Journal of Social Therapy, 1961. 20 The Maryland Defective Delinquency Law  an Eight Year Follow-Up; by Boslow and Kohlmeyer. 21 Interim Report of Commission to Study Changes and Basis of Selection for Patuxent Institution to Governor Tawes, December 17, 1964, The Hon. Roszel C. Thomsen, Chairman. 22 Report to the President, A Proposed Program for National Action to Combat Mental Retardation. The President's Panel on Mental Retardation, October, 1962. 23 Report of the Task Force on Law. The President's Panel on Mental Retardation. The Hon. David L. Bazelon, Chairman, January, 1963. 24 An Introduction to Mental Retardation; U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, June, 1965. 25 Mental Retardation, a National Plan for a National Problem. Chart Book published by The President's Panel on Mental Retardation, August, 1963. 26 Model of Patuxent Institution. 27 Patuxent Institution records of Samuel Daniels. 28 Interrogatories of Karl G. Feissner to Dr. Harold M. Boslow, March, 1964. 29 Request of petitioner Samuel Daniels for admission of facts, August 3, 1965. 30 Verdict Guilty  Now What? by Dr. Karl Menninger. Harpers Magazine, August, 1959 pp. 60-64. 31 Case of Herman Webb Duker. Opinion and sentence by Joseph N. Ulman, Judge in the Criminal Court of Baltimore City on October 3, 1931. The Statement by Governor Albert C. Ritchie commuting the sentence of Duker to life imprisonment. 32 Interrogatories and answer to No. 13 dated September 8, 1965 filed. Document entitled Correctional Officer Distribution, 1960-1965. 33 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Mental Disorders published by The American Psychiatric Association, 1952. 34 Patuxent Institution record of George Aravanis. 35 Patuxent Institution record of John Sas. 36 List of patients at Patuxent for two years or more who are not in group therapy. 37 Handwritten list of patients at Patuxent receiving no therapy whatsoever. 38 Patuxent Institution record of William Capparella. 39 Information and Department of Correction statistics sent to Robert C. Murphy, Deputy Attorney General of Maryland by Commissioner Vernon L. Pepersack, Department of Correction, August 18, 1964. 40 Letter from Loyal B. Calkins, Chief Psychologist, Maryland Department of Correction, to Commissioner Vernon L. Pepersack stating percentage of inmates within Maryland Penitentiary, Maryland House of Correction and Maryland Correctional Institution at Hagerstown who have below average intelligence. September 3, 1965. 41 Patuxent Institution records of Elwood Towers. 42 Patuxent Institution records of John Bressler, Jr. 43 Standards for Hospitals and Clinics published by American Psychiatric Association, June, 1958. 44 Department of Mental Hygiene chart, hospital capacities and patient population and ratios of budgeted professional staff to in-patient population, July 31, 1965. 45 Patuxent Institution records of Charles Tippett. 46 Patuxent Institution records of Albert P. Murel. 47 Patuxent Institution records of Albert E. Hawkins. 48 Patuxent Institution records of Edward Moulsdale. 49 Patuxent Institution records of William McDonough. 50 Patuxent Institution records of Charles Crause. 51 Sample of a Patuxent Institution Board of Review  Progress Note. 52 Statistics from R.N. Michael, Classification Supervisor to H.M. Boslow, Director, as to patients who were committed as defective delinquents, later released at re-hearings, and who were subsequently convicted of another offense. Augut 31, 1965. 53 Statistics from R.N. Michael, Classification Supervisor to H.M. Boslow, Director, as to patients who were recommended for commitment, but were not committed by the courts, and who were subsequently convicted of a new offense. 54A Report of National Conference of State Trial Judges Committee on The Sociopathic Offender and the Courts The Honorable William K. Thomas, Chairman, 1964. 54B National Conference of State Trial Judges, Digest of the report of the committee on The Sociopathic Offender and the Courts 1964, The Honorable William K. Thomas, Chairman. 55 Report of Committee on The Sociopathic Offender and the Courts, presented August 8, 1965, to National Conference of State Trial Judges. The Honorable William K. Thomas, Chairman. 56 Release record statistics as to patients committed to Patuxent from January, 1955 to June 30, 1965. 57A Excerpt from the second report of Maryland Self-Survey Commission  relating to Department of Correction, 1958, by Sanford Bates. 57B Reports of Surveys, Maryland Department of Correction and Patuxent Institution, by Sanford Bates, October 30, 1959. 58A-L Photographs of Patuxent Institution. 59 Address on Defective Delinquency; delivered by Honorable Jerome Robinson, Maryland House of Delegates at the General Assembly of the States Council of State Governments. December 5, 1958. 60 Address by The Honorable Reuben Oppenheimer, Criminal Defectives and The Maryland Law Mid-Winter Meeting of the Maryland State Bar Association. 1949. 61A Statistics as to comparable average salaries of the Patuxent Institution personnel, February 18, 1965. 61B Statistics comparing Maryland salaries of Patuxent professional staff with those of other states prepared by Robin J. Zee, Director, Classification and Compensation, September 20, 1965. 62 Patuxent Institution record of James Craig. 63 Parole experience of 135 paroled from opening of Patuxent through October 26, 1965. 64 Deposition of John Sas given August 16, 1965, and a certified copy of the court proceedings held in Baltimore City on Monday, November 8, 1965, wherein John Sas was released from Patuxent following a determination he was no longer a Defective Delinquent. For the reasons given in this opinion and the opinion of the trial court just reproduced, the order releasing Daniels and the orders holding and declaring the Act constitutional on its face and in operation will be affirmed. Order releasing Daniels and orders holding and declaring the Act constitutional on its face and in operation affirmed, the costs to be paid by Prince George's County.