Opinion ID: 688041
Heading Depth: 2
Heading Rank: 2

Heading: McNeil's Offense Level

Text: 10 McNeil also questions the length of his sentence. Under section 4B1.4(a) of the sentencing guidelines, McNeil was classified as an armed career offender, based upon his prior criminal activity. 18 U.S.C.A. Sec. 924(e) (West Supp.1994); United States Sentencing Commission, Guidelines Manual, Sec. 4B1.4 (Nov.1993). Section Sec. 4B1.4(b)(3)(A) prescribes an offense level of thirty-four for an armed career criminal convicted of possession of a firearm, if the defendant used or possessed the firearm ... in connection with a crime of violence or controlled substance offense, as described in 4B1.2(1). 1 U.S.S.G. Sec. 4B1.4(b)(3)(A). In her presentence report, the Probation Officer found that McNeil possessed the firearm in connec tion with armed robbery and possession of cocaine with intent to manufacture, sell and deliver. 11 Objecting to his base offense level, McNeil asserts that there was insufficient evidence for the sentencing judge to find that McNeil either participated in a robbery or possessed the cocaine found in the closet. McNeil also contends that the judge failed to articulate the basis for his determination. McNeil seeks either a reversal, or a remand with instructions to the sentencing court to make appropriate findings of fact on the record. 12 Although the sentencing judge must independently rule on any contested issues of fact, United States v. Gilliam, 987 F.2d 1009, 1013 (4th Cir.1993), a judge may satisfy this requirement by expressly adopting the presentence report's findings. United States v. Morgan, 942 F.2d 243, 245 (4th Cir.1991), cert. denied, 61 U.S.L.W. 3479 (U.S.1993). The burden is on the defendant to show the inaccuracy or unreliability of the presentence report. United States v. Terry, 916 F.2d 157, 162 (4th Cir.1990). Without an affirmative showing the information is inaccurate, the court is 'free to adopt the findings of the [presentence report] without more specific inquiry or explanation.'  Id. (quoting United States v. Mueller, 902 F.2d 336, 346 (5th Cir.1990)). 13 McNeil contends that the sentencing judge did not explicitly adopt the findings in the presentence report, or make his own finding that McNeil possessed the gun in relation to a crime of violence or drug offense. From the record, it is clear that the sentencing judge adopted the findings in the presentence report. At the conclusion of the hearing, having heard and rejected defense counsel's arguments regarding both the robbery and cocaine possession, the judge stated specifically, The Court will adopt the presentence report as presented. 14 The judge's unequivocal adoption of the presentence report satisfies the requirements of Fed.R.Crim.P. 32(c)(3)(D), as developed in United States v. Morgan, 942 F.2d at 246, because the context of the ruling makes clear that the district court intended to rule on each of the alleged factual inaccuracies. Unlike Morgan, the sentencing judge here was faced with only one issue--the proper offense level for McNeil's crime. The defense objected to the Probation Officer's findings that McNeil possessed the gun in connection with either a robbery or a cocaine offense, or both. The sentencing judge found that the defense offered no evidence rebutting either of these findings. We conclude, therefore, that the sentencing judge made an independent finding that the Probation Officer's recommendations in the presentence report were supported by the evidence. See Morgan, 942 F.2d at 246. 15 McNeil also maintains that there was insufficient evidence to permit a finding that McNeil participated in a robbery or possessed cocaine. At sentencing, findings of fact are made under a preponderance of the evidence standard. Morgan, 942 F.2d at 246 (citing United States v. Urrego-Linares, 879 F.2d 1234, 1238 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 943 (1989)). Because the evidentiary standard is less than is required at a criminal trial, the court may consider misconduct that did not result in conviction when imposing a sentence. Morgan, 942 F.2d at 246 (citing United States v. Talbott, 902 F.2d 1129, 1133 (4th Cir.1990)). This Court reviews a sentencing court's factfinding for clear error. United States v. White, 875 F.2d 427, 431 (4th Cir.1989); United States v. Daughtrey, 874 F.2d 213, 217-18 (4th Cir.1989). 16 Our review of the record reveals sufficient grounds to uphold McNeil's sentence, based upon his role in the robbery of Walter Jackson, Jr. Trial testimony revealed that Jackson and Brandon were involved in an argument over money, and that McNeil put a gun to Jackson's head, enabling Brandon to take money from Jackson. After the money was taken, McNeil hit Jackson in the head with the weapon, causing him to flee. In light of the lower evidentiary standard at sentencing, we uphold the district court's finding that McNeil possessed a firearm in connection with a robbery. 2 17 McNeil's participation in a robbery requires that he be sentenced under a base offense level of thirty-four, U.S.S.G. Sec. 4B1.4(b)(3)(A), irrespective of his relationship to the cocaine. Although we need not address the cocaine issue, we note that while the evidence linking McNeil to the drugs is scant, the circumstances show more than McNeil's mere proximity to the closet where the cocaine was found. Cf. Goldsmith v. Witkowski, 981 F.2d 697, 700-02 (4th Cir.1992), cert. denied, 61 U.S.L.W. 3853 (U.S.1993); United States v. Samad, 754 F.2d 1091, 1096 (4th Cir.1984). 18 Finding no error below, we affirm McNeil's conviction and sentence. We dispense with oral argument because the facts and legal contentions are adequately presented in the materials before the Court and argument would not aid the decisional process. 19 AFFIRMED.