Opinion ID: 1147963
Heading Depth: 1
Heading Rank: 4

Heading: Judgment of the Lower Court.

Text: Some portions of the declaratory judgment will be abstracted and others set out in full, our numbering corresponding to that of the judgment. 1. That 139 of the defendants (Religious) be forever barred from receiving any school moneys and employment in the public schools of New Mexico. 2. That school students are subject to the supervision of school authorities and teachers from the time that they arrive at the school in the morning until they leave in the afternoon and this entire period of time is hereby adjudged and decreed and declared to be a part of the school day for all such children. 3. That Section 17, Article 20 of the Constitution of the State of New Mexico requires that the members of the New Mexico State Board of Education adopt a uniform system of textbooks. 4. That the adopting of sectarian indoctrinated textbooks and furnishing the same to the tax supported schools of the State of New Mexico by the State of New Mexico or the members of the New Mexico State Board of Education violated Section 4, Article 21 of the Constitution of the State of New Mexico and the First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States as made applicable to the states by the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States. 5. That the furnishing of free text-books to schools other than tax supported schools of this State, violates Section 14, Article 9 of the Constitution of the State of New Mexico and Section 3, Article 12, of the Constitution of the State of New Mexico. 6. That the furnishing by the State of New Mexico of sectarian indoctrinated textbooks or textbooks for Catholic schools only to private parochial schools is in violation of the First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States. 7. It is hereby adjudged, decreed and declared that the furnishing by the State of New Mexico of free school bus transportation to pupils of parochial schools is in violation of Section 3, Article 12 and Section 14, Article 9 of the Constitution of the State of New Mexico and the First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States as made applicable to the states by the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution of the United States. 8. That the teaching of sectarian doctrine in the tax supported schools of this State violates Section 4, Article 21 of the Constitution of the State of New Mexico and Section 9, Article 12 of the Constitution of the State of New Mexico and the First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States as made applicable to the states by the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States. 9. That the holding of tax supported school classes in buildings which have religious emblems such as crosses, grottos, religious statuary and religious pictures, all peculiar to a certain denomination, violates the First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States as made applicable to the states by the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States. 10. That the holding of tax supported school classes in a building owned by the Roman Catholic Church or an Order thereof or an official thereof, part of said building being retained by said Order, Church or Official for use as a private or parochial school is in violation of the First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States as made applicable to the states by the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States. 11. It is hereby adjudged, decreed and declared that there is no separation between Church and State as contemplated and required by the First and Fourteenth Amendments to the Constitution of the United States in 27 named schools in New Mexico. 12. The members of the State Board of Education, all local boards of education and their members who are named as defendants were declared to be barred and prohibited from renting, leasing or acquiring for use in any way buildings or space in buildings for use as public school or public school rooms when such building does not remain under the absolute control of the state or one of its subdivisions or when such building is of a nature to exert a sectarian influence. 13. The providing or authorizing free school bus transportation for pupils attending a parochial or sectarian school was declared unlawful, and the members of the State Board of Education were prohibited from authorizing or furnishing it. 14. The furnishing or providing of free textbooks for private, parochial or sectarian schools was adjudged unlawful, and the members of the State Board of Education were prohibited from furnishing such books to such schools, or using tax funds for such schools. 15. That the furnishing or providing, buying or contracting for or authorizing sectarian indoctrinated textbooks as a part of the State's free textbook system by the members of the State Board of Education is hereby declared to be illegal. 16. That it is unlawful to make or approve any budget providing for the payment of public funds to any of the defendants herein who are teaching sectarian doctrine in the tax supported schools of this State by the defendant, R.H. Grissom. (State Educational Budget Auditor) 17. That 12 named schools are in fact Roman Catholic parochial schools being illegally subsidized in part by funds raised through taxation by the State of New Mexico. 18. That public funds expended by the State of New Mexico in furnishing bus transportation for pupils and free text books are illegally used in furtherance of the dissemination of Roman Catholic doctrines to students attending in compliance with the New Mexico compulsory attendance law in 24 named schools. On the second cause of action the following judgment was entered: 1. That each of the defendants listed in paragraph numbered one above of the portion of this judgment and decree relating to the first cause of action, be and the same are each hereby permanently enjoined and restrained from henceforth receiving any school moneys or employment in the public schools of this State. 2. That the defendants named and designated in paragraph twelve of this judgment relating to the first cause of action be and each of them are hereby permanently enjoined and restrained from permitting, allowing or consenting to the transportation of pupils attending parochial schools by transportation furnished by the State of New Mexico in connection with the furnishing of school bus transportation. 3. That each defendant named in the complaint herein as being a member of the State Board of Education or member of any other board of education and all boards of education named as defendants in this action who are named and designated in paragraph numbered twelve of the portion of this judgment relating to the first cause of action and each of them are hereby permanently enjoined and restrained from permitting or allowing the holding of tax supported school classes in buildings which have religious emblems, such as crosses, grottos, religious statuary and religious pictures peculiar to a certain denomination or in allowing the holding of tax supported school classes in a building or buildings owned by the Roman Catholic Church or an Order thereof or an Official thereof when part of said building is retained by said Church, Order or Official for use as a private or parochial school and are hereby enjoined and restrained from renting, leasing or acquiring for use in any way buildings or space in buildings for use as a public school or public school room when said building does not remain under the absolute control of the State or one of its subdivisions or when such building is of a nature to exert a sectarian influence. 4. That the defendants, Raymond Huff, Floyd D. Golden, Miss Margaret Kennedy, Mrs. Aileen Roat, Adelino Sanchez, Thomas J. Mabry and Charles L. Rose, being members of the State Board of Education of the State of New Mexico, be and the same are hereby permanently enjoined and restrained from: (a) Adopting a system of free textbooks that is not uniform. (b) Adopting or furnishing sectarian indoctrinated textbooks to tax supported schools of the State of New Mexico. (c) Furnishing free textbooks to schools other than tax supported schools of the State of New Mexico. (d) Furnishing sectarian and indoctrinated textbooks or textbooks for Catholic schools only to private or parochial schools at the expense of the State of New Mexico. (e) Providing, permitting or authorizing free school bus transportation for pupils attending a parochial or sectarian school. 5. That the defendant, R.H. Grissom, is hereby permanently enjoined and restrained from approving or making any budget providing for the payment of public funds to any of the defendants herein named in paragraph numbered one of the portion of this judgment and decree relating to the first cause of action. 6. That the County Board of Education of Rio Arriba County and its members, to-wit: H.H. Kramer, J.C. Martinez, Albert Amador, Jr., Augustine Vigil, and Juan B. Martinez, be and the same are each hereby enjoined and restrained from allowing or permitting the holding of tax supported school classes in the portion of the St. Joseph's School in Dixon that was used at the time of hearing in this cause partly for the holding of a parochial school and partly for the conducting of high school classes supported by tax funds. 7. That the defendants herein who are members of any Board of Education named as defendants herein and all boards of education who are named as defendants herein the same being named in paragraph numbered twelve of the portion of this judgment and decree relating to the first cause of action be and each of them are hereby enjoined and restrained from using or permitting the use of tax funds for the purpose of subsidizing parochial schools. 8. That all defendants other than those named as Sisters, Brothers or Reverends are hereby enjoined and restrained from conducting, permitting, or authorizing the operation or paying tax funds to schools in the State of New Mexico designated and referred to in this action during any period of time when said schools or any of them named and designated in paragraph numbered eleven of the portion of this judgment and decree relating to the first cause of action are conducted or operated under circumstances found by this Court as existing in its decision resulting in a failure to separate the Church and State as found by this Court is required by the First and Fourteenth Amendments to the Constitution of the United States or to pay or permit the use of public funds for the hiring of teachers, furnishing of free textbooks or free school bus transportation to any parochial school or schools where there is no separation between church and state as contemplated by the First and Fourteenth Amendments of the Constitution of the United States. The plaintiffs appealed in an effort to get more relief than was granted by the trial court. The Attorney General appealed on behalf of the members of the State Board of Education and Educational Budget Auditor, but as he has not filed assignments of error we will not further notice his appeal, save on the right of the plaintiffs to maintain a declaratory judgment action against the State officers. The Religious who were enjoined from again teaching in New Mexico likewise appealed.