Opinion ID: 165618
Heading Depth: 2
Heading Rank: 2

Heading: Substantial Compliance and Relation Back

Text: 17 Ms. Burnham next argues that although the March 28, 2003 letter did not technically comply with Kansas's service of process statutes, see Kan. Stat. Ann. §§ 60-303-60-304, she was in substantial compliance under Kan. Stat. Ann. § 60-204. While she admits that the original complaint does not name the proper defendants, she contends that her July 2003 amended complaint, which properly names the Defendants, relates back to her March 2003 complaint.
18 The District Court dismissed Ms. Burnham's complaint in response to Defendants' motion to dismiss. See Fed.R.Civ.P. 12(b)(6). On a Rule 12(b)(6) motion, a court's factual inquiry is limited to the well-pleaded facts in the complaint, which the court must assume are true for purposes of the motion. Aspen Orthopaedics & Sports Medicine, LLC v. Aspen Valley Hosp. Dist., 353 F.3d 832, 837 (10th Cir.2003). Because the District Court relied upon facts presented in affidavits, Ms. Burnham contends that this reliance converted the motion to dismiss into a motion for summary judgment. Ms. Burnham further notes that the District Court failed to provide notice that it was converting the motion. We agree. 19 When a party moves to dismiss under Rule 12(b)(6) and the district court relies upon material from outside the complaint, the court converts the motion to dismiss into a motion for summary judgment. Lamb v. Rizzo, 391 F.3d 1133, 1136 (10th Cir.2004). When a district court does this, it must provide the parties with notice so that all factual allegations may be met with countervailing evidence. See Nichols v. United States, 796 F.2d 361, 364 (10th Cir.1986). However, if a party is not prejudiced by the conversion, the court of appeals should proceed with the appeal, relying upon summary judgment standards, without remanding. Lamb, 391 F.3d at 1136 n. 3. 20 Although no notice was given, Ms. Burnham was not prejudiced by this conversion. The Defendants' motion to dismiss relied exclusively upon the facts as pleaded in the complaint. R. at 23-26. Ms. Burnham's opposition to the motion to dismiss first introduced affidavits containing facts beyond those in the complaint. R. at 30-54. The Defendants only introduced affidavits in their reply brief to counter those of Ms. Burnham. R. at 59-68. Because Ms. Burnham had the opportunity to introduce evidence that was not contained in the complaint, we hold that Ms. Burnham was not prejudiced by converting the motion to dismiss to a motion for summary judgment. Cf. Lamb, 391 F.3d at 1136 n. 3 (finding no prejudice when plaintiff not only failed to object to the exhibits attached to [defendant's] motion to dismiss, but [plaintiff] also filed his own exhibits in response.). Because Ms. Burnham was not prejudiced by the conversion of the motion to dismiss to a motion for summary judgment, we review the District Court's dismissal as a grant of summary judgment. Id. at 1136. 21 We review a district court's grant of summary judgment de novo. Byers v. City of Albuquerque, 150 F.3d 1271, 1274 (10th Cir.1998). Summary judgment is appropriate if the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if any, show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law. Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(c). We view the evidence, and draw reasonable inferences therefrom, in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party. Byers, 150 F.3d at 1274. 22 Although the movant must show the absence of a genuine issue of material fact, it need not negate the nonmovant's claim. See Jenkins v. Wood, 81 F.3d 988, 990 (10th Cir.1996). Once the movant carries this burden, the nonmovant cannot rest upon its pleadings, but must bring forward specific facts showing a genuine issue for trial as to those dispositive matters for which [it] carries the burden of proof. Id. The mere existence of a scintilla of evidence in support of the nonmovant's position is insufficient to create a dispute of fact that is `genuine'; an issue of material fact is genuine only if the nonmovant presents facts such that a reasonable jury could find in favor of the nonmovant. Lawmaster v. Ward, 125 F.3d 1341, 1347 (10th Cir.1997).
23 Ms. Burnham was injured on March 29, 2001. Because she brings a tort claim, a two-year statute of limitations applies. See Kan. Stat. Ann. § 60-513(a)(4). As such, the statute of limitations ran on March 29, 2003. 24 In order to determine whether Ms. Burnham's complaint escapes the statute of limitations' bar, we must determine the date on which this action commenced. As with other issues touching upon the statute of limitations, we rely upon Kansas law in making this determination. See Ragan v. Merchants Transfer & Warehouse Co., 337 U.S. 530, 533-34, 69 S.Ct. 1233, 93 L.Ed. 1520 (1949) (holding that state law, not the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, determines when an action is commenced in a diversity case for statute of limitations purposes). 25 Under Kansas law, the date on which a suit is commenced is determined as follows: 26 A civil action is commenced at the time of (1) Filing a petition with the clerk of the court, if service of process is obtained... within 90 days after the petition is filed, or (2) service of process or first publication, if service of process ... is not made within the time specified by provision (1). 27 Kan. Stat. Ann. § 60-203(a). 28 Ms. Burnham's original complaint was filed on March 19, 2003. Thus, so long as she successfully served the Defendants by June 17, 2003, this suit commenced on March 19, 2003. See Jenkins v. City of Topeka, 136 F.3d 1274, 1275 (10th Cir.1998). If she did not serve the Defendants until after June 17, 2003, that later date of service constitutes the commencement of this action. The parties agree that the Defendants were successfully served on July 15, 2003. Of course, if July 15 is the commencement date, this action is barred by the statute of limitations. Ms. Burnham, therefore, argues that Mr. Hays's March 28, 2003 letter constituted service within 90 days of filing the original petition. She further contends that although the original complaint misnames the Defendants, the amended complaint properly identifies the Defendants and relates back to the original complaint. See Fed.R.Civ.P. 15(c). 29 Under the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, a domestic corporate defendant may be served in one of two ways. Fed.R.Civ.P. 4(h)(1). First, defendant may be served pursuant to the laws of the forum state. Id. (referencing Fed.R.Civ.P. 4(e)(1)). Second, a defendant may be served by delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to an officer, a managing or general agent, or to any other agent authorized by appointment or by law to receive service of process and, if the agent is one authorized by statute to receive service and the statute so requires, by also mailing a copy to the defendant. Id. Ms. Burnham does not argue on appeal that the Defendants were served by way of the second method nor does she assert that the Defendants waived service of a summons. See Fed.R.Civ.P. 4(d). Therefore, Mr. Hays's March 28, 2003 letter constitutes service only if it is adequate under Kansas law. 30 Under Kansas law, service by mail must be made by posting a copy of the process and petition by way of certified mail evidenced by return receipt. Kan. Stat. Ann. § 60-303(b). Further, when serving a corporate defendant by mail, the certified letter, containing a copy of the summons and complaint, must be addressed to an officer or registered agent at their usual place of business. Kan. Stat. Ann. § 60-304(e). 31 In an affidavit included with Ms. Burnham's opposition to the motion to dismiss, Mr. Hays stated that on March 28, 2003, he mailed a copy of the original complaint and summons to the Super 8 Motel. R. at 48. The record also contains a copy of this letter, dated March 28, 2003, that states, Enclosed is a copy of a Complaint and Summons which my client, Mary Burnham [sic], has caused to be filed against Humphrey Associates, Incorporated in the Wichita, Kansas federal court. R. at 54. This letter addressed sent to the Super 8 Motel Proprietor via priority mail. Id. On appeal, Ms. Burnham concedes that Mr. Hays's letter, which was mailed merely to the proprietor via priority mail — not certified mail with a return receipt — does not satisfy sections 60-303(b) or 60-304(e). 32 Nonetheless, she argues that the March 28 letter, while not technically satisfactory, substantially complies with Kansas law under Kan. Stat. Ann. § 60-204. Section 60-204 provides: 33 In any method of serving process, substantial compliance therewith shall effect valid service of process if the court finds that, notwithstanding some irregularity or omission, the party served was made aware that an action or proceeding was pending in a specified court. 34 Under section 60-204, then, two requirements must be met. There must be substantial compliance with Kan. Stat. Ann. § 60-301 et seq. and the defendant must be made aware that an action is pending. See Pedi Bares, Inc. v. P & C Food Markets, Inc., 567 F.2d 933, 936 (10th Cir.1977). 35 Ms. Burnham asserts that she meets both criteria. First, she argues that the letter substantially complies because it contained a copy of the complaint and a summons. Second, she argues that the Defendants had awareness of the suit because of her previous discussions with Wausau and that the letter itself provided awareness. We disagree. 36 The Kansas Supreme Court has consistently held that, when applying section 60-204, courts must find that the defendant's awareness of the suit results directly from the plaintiff's substantial compliance with the service of process. See, e.g., Haley v. Hershberger, 207 Kan. 459, 485 P.2d 1321, 1326 (1971); Thompson-Kilgariff General Ins. Agency, Inc. v. Haskell, 206 Kan. 465, 479 P.2d 900, 902 (1971); Briscoe v. Getto, 204 Kan. 254, 462 P.2d 127, 129 (1969). As the Kansas Court of Appeals recently stated, `Notice or knowledge must come from process of service.' Cook v. Cook, 32 Kan.App.2d 214, 83 P.3d 1243, 1246 (2003), rev. den'd (Feb. 10, 2004) (quoting Kansas Bd. of Regents v. Skinner, 267 Kan. 808, 812, 987 P.2d 1096 (1999)). The fact that [defendant] had actual knowledge of the suit and did not suffer prejudice does not mean there was substantial compliance under Kan. Stat. Ann. 60-204. Id. at 1248. Moreover, if the attempted service did not include a summons, service is not merely irregular or defective but [is] a nullity. Id. at 1248. 37 Ms. Burnham therefore could not have substantially complied with the service statute unless Mr. Hays included a summons with the March 28 letter. Although Mr. Hays avers that he attached a copy of the summons to this letter, we hold that his affidavit is insufficient to create a genuine issue of material fact on the question whether a summons was sent. Not only do the Defendants present affidavits averring that its agents received neither the March 28 letter, a complaint, nor a summons, R. at 66, but the District Court's docket shows that the first issuance of a summons in this case did not occur until July 15, 2003. R. at 2-3. The only copies of a summons included in the record are of the July 15, 2003 summons. R. at 13, 15, 17, 19. Moreover, Mr. Hays does not explain how a summons that was first issued on July 15, 2003 was enclosed in his alleged March 28, 2003 letter. Given the state of this record, we are — at best — left with only a metaphysical doubt as to the material facts regarding the attachment of a summons in the alleged March 28 letter. Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 261, 106 S.Ct. 2505, 91 L.Ed.2d 202 (1986). 38 We hold, then, that there is insufficient evidence supporting the notion that the Defendants received a summons in the alleged March 28 letter to escape summary judgment. Thus, the alleged March 28 letter cannot satisfy section 60-204. See Cook, 83 P.3d at 1246-48. Because the March 28 letter does not constitute timely service, there is nothing to which the amended complaint could relate back. Therefore, for purposes of the statute of limitations, this action was commenced on July 15, 2003 — the date of actual service. See Kan. Stat. Ann. 60-203(a). The statute of limitations, however, ran on March 29, 2003. As such, this action is time-barred.