Opinion ID: 738948
Heading Depth: 2
Heading Rank: 2

Heading: Income Evidence

Text: 48 We agree with Appellants that evidence of their income is irrelevant because it does not tend to establish their motive or criminal intent. However, a district court's erroneous evidentiary ruling will require reversal only where the error more likely than not affected the verdict. United States v. Karterman, 60 F.3d 576, 578 (9th Cir.1995). 49 In this case, the government introduced substantial evidence in support of Appellants' convictions, including testimony of defrauded victims, testimony of employees specifically trained to make material misrepresentations and omissions, and a training tape which encouraged employees of the telemarketing companies to engage in fraudulent activity. The case against the Appellants is substantial, even without the income evidence.