Opinion ID: 6330963
Heading Depth: 4
Heading Rank: 2

Heading: there are questions of law or fact common to

Text: the class; 20 OLEAN WHOLESALE GROCERY V. BUMBLE BEE FOODS 23(a). A common question “must be of such a nature that it is capable of classwide resolution—which means that determination of its truth or falsity will resolve an issue that is central to the validity of each one of the claims in one stroke.” Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Dukes, 564 U.S. 338, 350 (2011). By contrast, an individual question is one where members of a proposed class will need to present evidence that varies from member to member. See Tyson Foods, Inc. v. Bouaphakeo, 577 U.S. 442, 453 (2016). Second, the plaintiffs must show that the class fits into one of three categories. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 23(b). To qualify for the third category, Rule 23(b)(3), the district court must find that “the questions of law or fact common to class members predominate over any questions affecting only individual members, and that a class action is superior to other available methods for fairly and efficiently adjudicating the controversy.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 23(b)(3).5 “The predominance inquiry asks whether the common,