Opinion ID: 541132
Heading Depth: 2
Heading Rank: 1

Heading: Plaintiffs can assert a section 1983 action.

Text: 8 In Keaukaha-Panaewa Community Assn. v. Hawaiian Homes Commn., 739 F.2d 1467 (9th Cir.1984), we found that the Admission Act Sec. 5(f), although not encompassing an implied right of action, did allow for a section 1983 action. 739 F.2d at 1470-71. The enforcement device provided by section 5(f) was not so comprehensive as to signal preclusion of a section 1983 action, based on violation of section 5(f). 739 F.2d at 1470-71; see also Middlesex County Sewerage Authority v. National Sea Clammers Assn., 453 U.S. 1, 101 S.Ct. 2615, 69 L.Ed.2d 435 (1981) (setting forth analysis for when enforcement limited to that allowed by the applicable statute). Ulaleo and the Pele Defense Fund thus have standing to bring suit. See also Price v. State of Hawaii, 764 F.2d 623, 628 (9th Cir.1985), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 1055, 106 S.Ct. 793, 88 L.Ed.2d 771 (1986). 9