Opinion ID: 2756495
Heading Depth: 2
Heading Rank: 3

Heading: Disparate Treatment and Retaliation

Text: To prevail on his remaining Title VII claims, Rickard must have suffered an adverse employment action. See, e.g., Gibson v. Am. Greetings Corp., 670 F.3d 844, 856 (8th Cir. 2012); Sallis v. Univ. of Minn., 408 F.3d 470, 476 (8th Cir. 2005). “‘An adverse employment action is a tangible change in working conditions that produces a material employment disadvantage.’” Rester, 739 F.3d at 1131 (quoting Wilkie, 638 F.3d at 955). Rickard voluntarily retired from Swedish Match and, as discussed above, cannot prove he was constructively discharged. As such, he has not suffered an adverse employment action and cannot establish a claim for either disparate treatment or retaliation.