Opinion ID: 1979227
Heading Depth: 1
Heading Rank: 2

Heading: Failure to produce exculpatory evidence.

Text: During trial defendant subpoenaed all police payment records relating to Menke. When defendant called Diamond the next day as a hostile witness, he was unable to produce most of the records. In chambers, defendant asked that the case be continued until the records were produced or be dismissed. Trial court found defendant was entitled to the information and continued the case for one more day, at which time the records were produced. Defendant used the records in his direct examination of Diamond and Menke in an attempt to impeach the credibility of both witnesses. Defendant asserts the prosecutor's failure to produce police records of payments at an earlier time in the trial denied defendant his right to due process, a fair trial, confrontation and cross-examination of witnesses, and adequate preparation for trial. The State responds to these assertions by arguing defendant failed to preserve error. Passing the questionable error preservation issue, however, we find defendant's argument is meritless. Defendant made no pretrial discovery request for production of these payment receipts. Apparently, the only request came during trial. Within two days the State produced the records. Further, although disclosure came after defendant's cross-examination of Diamond and Menke, defendant was able to use these records in direct examination of both hostile witnesses. The present case is unlike United States v. Agurs, 427 U.S. 97, 96 S.Ct. 2392, 49 L.Ed.2d 342 (1976), and Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83, 83 S.Ct. 1194, 10 L.Ed.2d 215 (1963), cases in which material evidence was discovered only after trial and therefore was not considered by the jury. Agurs, 427 U.S. at 100-03, 96 S.Ct. at 2396-97, 49 L.Ed.2d at 348-49; Brady, 373 U.S. at 84, 83 S.Ct. at 1195, 10 L.Ed.2d at 217. Where, as here, the evidence was disclosed during trial and at a meaningful time, due process has not been denied. See State v. Folkens, 281 N.W.2d 1, 6-7 (Iowa 1979); State v. Epperson, 264 N.W.2d 753, 756 (Iowa), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 913, 99 S.Ct. 285, 58 L.Ed.2d 260 (1978); see also United States v. Kaplan, 554 F.2d 577, 580 (3d Cir.1977) (If exculpatory evidence can be effectively presented at trial and the defendant is not prevented by lack of time to make needed investigation, there is no reversible prosecutorial conduct in ill-timed presentation.). A new trial is not mandated because it would involve only evidence already considered by the jury in this trial. State v. Love, 302 N.W.2d 115, 123 (Iowa 1981). Although defendant now complains he had inadequate preparation time, he failed to ask for a continuance after the payment records were produced. The exculpatory evidence was before the jury when they made their decision. We find no reversible error.