Opinion ID: 581055
Heading Depth: 2
Heading Rank: 3

Heading: Admission of Testimony Regarding Scalco's Past Drug Involvement

Text: 6 Scalco contends that the district court erred, under Fed. R. Evid. 404(b), in admitting Officer Verderaime's testimony regarding Scalco's prior convictions for manufacturing a controlled substance and possessing marijuana, and his history of acting as a police informant in PCP-related investigations. 7
8 Rule 404(b) provides that evidence of prior bad acts is not admissible to show propensity, but that it is admissible to show motive, opportunity, intent, preparation, plan, knowledge, identity, or absence of mistake or accident. This Court has held that prior bad acts are admissible if the evidence is relevant under the standards set by rule 404(b), necessary to the government's case, and reliable. United States v. Hadaway, 681 F.2d 214, 217 (4th Cir. 1982). The district court's ruling will only be disturbed upon a finding of abuse of discretion. United States v. Ramey, 791 F.2d 317, 323 (4th Cir. 1986). 9 Scalco contends that the evidence of his prior crimes and drug involvement did not fall into any of the rule 404(b) categories. However, in this case, as in United States v. King, 768 F.2d 586 (4th Cir. 1985), Scalco's prior drug involvement tended to show intent and lack of mistake. Someone unfamiliar with PCP might not have understood the significance of a jar of parsley which bore the odor of ether, whereas Scalco would surely realize that the parsley was laced with PCP due to his prior involvement with that drug. Further, Scalco's previous drug convictions and his involvement with PCP tend to show that he was not merely an innocent acquaintance of the others in the car, but rather that he knowingly possessed the PCP. 3 Under the reasoning of King, then, the evidence of Scalco's drug convictions and prior involvement with PCP was admissible to show intent and lack of mistake.
10 Scalco also contends that his prior drug involvement was too remote in time to be probative in this case, though he cites no cases in support of this proposition. Scalco's drug manufacturing conviction occurred seven years prior to the offense and eight years prior to the trial. The marijuana conviction occurred two years prior to this offense and three years prior to the trial. Scalco began as an informant seven years prior to the offense; there was no testimony as to how long he acted as an informant. This Court has held that evidence of involvement with drugs eight years prior to a trial for another drug conspiracy could be admitted to show intent. United States v. Rawle, 845 F.2d 1244, 1246-48 (4th Cir. 1988). Therefore, Scalco's prior drug involvement was not too remote in time to be probative in this case.
11 Finally, Scalco contends that the prejudicial effect of Verderaime's testimony outweighed its probative value, and thus should have been excluded under Fed. R. Evid. 403. Scalco first contends that he was charged with distribution of DMT and not PCP, so that admission of his prior drug manufacturing conviction was unduly prejudicial. However, this Court did not distinguish between different types of drugs in King; King's prior convictions were for distribution of cocaine, and those convictions were introduced in a trial for possession of PCP with intent to distribute. The Court simply noted that King's prior convictions for drug distribution were relevant to show that he knew that these (different) drugs were also packaged for distribution. 768 F.2d at 588. The distinction between different types of drugs, then, does not itself render the admission of the previous convictions unduly prejudicial. 12 Scalco also asserts in a more general fashion that Verderaime's testimony was unduly prejudicial. The district court's decision that evidence submitted under rule 404(b) is more probative than prejudicial is within its discretion; the court's order will not be disturbed unless it is arbitrary or capricious. United States v. Greenwood, 796 F.2d 49, 53 (4th Cir. 1986). The district court in this case held that Scalco's prior convictions were probative of his knowledge and intent, and that the prejudicial effect did not outweigh the probative value. Scalco does not point out any specific sort of undue prejudice arising from admission of Verderaime's testimony. Further, the testimony, though certainly prejudicial, was no more prejudicial than that admitted in King, Hadaway, or Rawle. We hold that the district court did not abuse its discretion when it found that the rule 404(b) evidence was admissible under rule 403. 13 We affirm Scalco's conviction. We grant Appellant's unopposed motion to submit the case on the briefs without argument because the facts and legal contentions are adequately supported by the materials before the Court and argument would not significantly aid the decisional process. 14 AFFIRMED.