Opinion ID: 166424
Heading Depth: 4
Heading Rank: 1

Heading: Validity of the Initial Stop

Text: 22 Ms. Bradford conceded before the district court that Trooper Peech's initial action in stopping [her] was justified at its inception as a result of the traffic violations he observed. Bradford, 290 F.Supp.2d at 1270. Even if she had not conceded this issue, there is no question that Trooper Peech's observations of her following too closely, failing to use a turn signal, cutting in front of a semi-truck without using a signal, and driving inattentively, id. at 1266, justified him pulling her over, because a traffic stop is valid under the Fourth Amendment if the stop is based on an observed traffic violation. United States v. Botero-Ospina, 71 F.3d 783, 787 (10th Cir.1995). 23