Opinion ID: 1450936
Heading Depth: 1
Heading Rank: 4

Heading: Mail Conditions

Text: Condition 13 requires Goddard to obtain approval from the probation officer before using a post office box or receiving mail through a private carrier. [9] Goddard questions it on the ground that he did not use the mails when committing his offense, and there is no evidence that he ever used a post office box or private carrier for any improper purpose. However, we upheld a virtually identical condition in Stoterau against a similar challenge. 524 F.3d at 1008. Like Goddard, Stoterau had used the Internet to obtain child pornography, yet we found the mail restriction reasonably related to the goal of specific deterrence given that mail and the Internet are both channels for the transmission of child pornography. Id. (citing United States v. Fellows, 157 F.3d 1197, 1199 (9th Cir.1998) where the defendant received child pornography through the mail and the Internet). Further, we thought it reasonable to infer that people might choose to receive mail elsewhere to conceal their identity. 524 F.3d at 1008. And, we believed that the condition was not unnecessarily restrictive because it left the defendant free to access the mail through his residential address or through a post office box upon approval of his probation officer. Id. For the same reasons, and for the additional reason that it is rational to predict that Goddard might try to use the mail for the exchange of child pornography in the future in light of the restrictions imposed on his access to the Internet, we conclude that Condition 13 is reasonably related to the goals of his supervised release and imposes no greater a deprivation of liberty than is reasonably necessary to discourage him from obtaining child pornography.