Opinion ID: 1226554
Heading Depth: 1
Heading Rank: 8

Heading: Other Suppression Issues

Text: The defendant claims that he was unconstitutionally arrested or detained on December 26, 1977, and any evidence directly resulting therefromsuch as his statements to the police, his consent to examination of the shoes, and the chemical tests performed on the shoeswas constitutionally inadmissible under the derivative evidence rule. Although these issues were raised in the course of the suppression hearing, the trial court resolved the motion to suppress on grounds unrelated to the fruit of the poison tree doctrine. [17] In the absence of findings of fact essential to a proper resolution of these claims, we decline to address them at this time. However, since the case is being remanded for a new trial, we direct the trial court to address these issues under appropriate constitutional standards. If the defendant was not subjected to an unlawful detention on December 26, then the derivative evidence rule would not be applicable. If, however, the court finds the defendant was subjected to an unconstitutional arrest or detention, any evidence resulting from the exploitation of the initial illegality would be suppressible, Wong Sun v. United States, 371 U.S. 471, 83 S.Ct. 407, 9 L.Ed.2d 441 (1963), unless the prosecution can establish an independent source for the evidence, e.g., People v. Founds, Colo., 621 P.2d 325 (1981), or a sufficient attenuation from the initial illegality. People v. Lowe, Colo., 616 P.2d 118 (1980). [18] The Miranda warnings, by themselves, are not sufficient to dissipate the taint of a Fourth Amendment violation even though the statements be otherwise voluntary in the constitutional sense. E.g., Dunaway v. New York, 442 U.S. 200, 99 S.Ct. 2248, 60 L.Ed.2d 824 (1979); Brown v. Illinois, 422 U.S. 590, 95 S.Ct. 2254, 45 L.Ed.2d 416 (1975); McCall v. People, Colo., 623 P.2d 397 (1981). Nor does a voluntary consent to search necessarily insulate the evidence obtained thereunder from the application of derivative evidence principles. See, e.g., Wong Sun v. United States, supra ; People v. Lowe, supra . In resolving these issues the trial court on remand may permit the parties to present additional evidence and argument. The judgment is reversed and the cause is remanded for a new trial in accordance with the views expressed herein.