Opinion ID: 678502
Heading Depth: 3
Heading Rank: 2

Heading: Mogorichev

Text: 33 The district court found that it was reasonably foreseeable to Mogorichev that the conspiracy involved one hundred or more grams of heroin and, therefore, sentenced him to a sixty-three month term of imprisonment--the minimum prescribed by the Sentencing Guidelines. See U.S.S.G. Sec. 2D1.1(c)(9). Mogorichev argues that the district court clearly erred in determining that it was reasonably foreseeable to him that the conspiracy involved one hundred grams or more of heroin. We reject this argument. 34 A court is entitled to consider all transactions engaged in by [a defendant] or by his coconspirators ... if the transactions were either known to him or reasonably foreseeable to him. United States v. Negron, 967 F.2d 68, 72 (2d Cir.1992). Even quantities of narcotics sold prior to the defendant's entry into a conspiracy may be included for sentencing purposes if he knew or reasonably should have known about those quantities. United States v. Martinez, 987 F.2d 920, 926 (2d Cir.1993). The Government need only establish the amount of narcotics foreseeable to the defendant by a preponderance of the evidence and the district court's findings in this regard will not be disturbed unless clearly erroneous. Rivera, 971 F.2d at 892. 35 It is clear to us that Mogorichev knew or should have known that more than one-hundred grams of heroin were involved in the conspiracy. He was fully aware of the attempted one-kilogram sale by Moysif to Badalamenti between September 2 and 5. He also was aware that Podlog was Moysif's supplier for that deal and that Moysif had another supplier, Roizis, who Mogorichev himself attempted to obtain heroin from. Moreover, Mogorichev was fully aware of Moysif's dealings with Cardinali and knew that Cardinali had never placed an order for less than 125 grams of heroin. Accordingly, it is apparent that Mogorichev was aware that the conspiracy involved more than one hundred grams of heroin both prior to and after his entry into the conspiracy. Thus, the district court did not clearly err by attributing one-hundred grams or more of heroin to Mogorichev as relevant conduct for purposes of sentencing.