Opinion ID: 2135209
Heading Depth: 1
Heading Rank: 3

Heading: the constitutional provisions at issue.

Text: The privileges and immunities and commerce clauses act together to provide a free flow of individuals and business activities among the States. The former was designed to insure to a citizen of State A who ventures into State B the same privileges which the citizens of State B enjoy, Toomer v. Witsell, 334 U.S. 385, 395 (1948), while the latter serves as an embodiment of the assumption implicit in the Constitution that the peoples of the several states must sink or swim together, and that in the long run prosperity and salvation are in union and not division. Baldwin v. G.A.F. Seelig, Inc., 294 U.S. 511, 523 (1935) (Cardozo, J.). Thus, while States are not prevented from favoring their citizens in certain circumstances, Reeves, Inc. v. Stake, 447 U.S. 429 (1980) (State may favor its own citizens in selling cement from State-owned plant during shortage); Baldwin v. Fish & Game Comm'n, 436 U.S. 371 (1978) (States may charge nonresidents substantially higher fees for recreational hunting licenses), there are definite limitations on the methods that may be used, Philadelphia v. New Jersey, 437 U.S. 617, 627 (1978), and cases cited.