Opinion ID: 619212
Heading Depth: 2
Heading Rank: 2

Heading: standard of review

Text: We review questions of law in immigration proceedings de novo. See Singh v. Holder, 638 F.3d 1196, 1202-03 (9th Cir. 2011). “Questions of law include not only pure issues of statutory interpretation, but also application of law to undisputed facts, sometimes referred to as mixed questions of law and fact. . . .” Retuta v. Holder, 591 F.3d 1181, 1184 (9th Cir. 2010) (citation and internal quotation marks omitted). We are not required to give Chevron deference to the BIA’s interpretation of citizenship laws. See Minasyan v. Gonzales, 401 F.3d 1069, 1074 (9th Cir. 2005). “When the BIA conducts an independent review of the IJ’s findings we review the BIA’s findings and not those of the IJ. 21048 ROMERO-MENDOZA v. HOLDER To the extent that the BIA incorporates the IJ’s decision as its own, we review the IJ’s decision.” Gallegos-Vasquez v. Holder, 636 F.3d 1181, 1184 (9th Cir. 2011) (citations omitted). The court reviews the BIA’s factual findings for substantial evidence. See Lopez-Birrueta v. Holder, 633 F.3d 1211, 1214 (9th Cir. 2011).