Opinion ID: 4461213
Heading Depth: 4
Heading Rank: 2

Heading: Officer Yambupah

Text: Officer Yambupah failed to separate Martinez from Pennington when conducting the interview, did not arrest Pennington despite Martinez’s complaints of abuse, 16 did not provide Martinez with information that may have allowed her to escape further abuse, and did not issue an emergency protective order. These were not “affirmative acts[s] [that] create[d] an actual, particularized danger.” Id. at 1133 (citing Kennedy, 439 F.3d at 1063). Martinez was left in the same position she would have been in had Yambupah not acted at all. See Henry A., 678 F.3d at 1003. Yambupah’s failure to protect Martinez against private violence thus did not violate the Due Process Clause. See DeShaney, 489 U.S. at 196.