Opinion ID: 542857
Heading Depth: 2
Heading Rank: 1

Heading: The Mail and Wire Fraud Statutes

Text: 14 To establish that the appellees violated the mail and/or wire fraud statutes, McEvoy must show that the appellees engaged in a scheme to defraud with the specific intent to defraud and that they used the United States mails and/or the interstate wires in furtherance of the scheme. See, e.g., Schreiber Distributing v. Serv-Well Furniture Co., 806 F.2d 1393, 1401 (9th Cir.1986); United States v. Brien, 617 F.2d 299, 307 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 446 U.S. 919, 100 S.Ct. 1854, 64 L.Ed.2d 273 (1980). 6 In McNally v. United States, 483 U.S. 350, 107 S.Ct. 2875, 97 L.Ed.2d 292 (1987), the Supreme Court held that to come within the compass of the mail fraud statute, the scheme to defraud must be intended to deprive another of money or property. See also Carpenter v. United States, 484 U.S. 19, 108 S.Ct. 316, 320, 98 L.Ed.2d 275 (1987) (applying McNally to the wire fraud statute). Although McNally has been overridden by the enactment of 18 U.S.C. Sec. 1346, effective November 18, 1988, McNally is applicable here, because the alleged conduct all occurred prior to the enactment of section 1346. 7 See United States v. Bush, 888 F.2d 1145, 1145-46 (7th Cir.1989) (The new Sec. 1346 could not be applied retroactively, given the Ex Post Facto Clause of the Constitution.); United States v. Stewart, 872 F.2d 957, 960 n. 2 (10th Cir.1989) (section 1346 does not apply to conduct occurring prior to November 18, 1988); United States v. Davis, 873 F.2d 900, 902 (6th Cir.) (section 1346 has no retroactive application), cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 110 S.Ct. 292, 107 L.Ed.2d 271 (1989); Corcoran v. American Plan Corp., 886 F.2d 16, 19 n. 4 (2d Cir.1989) (section 1346 held inapplicable to a RICO action alleging mail fraud which occurred before the enactment of section 1346). Contra United States v. Berg, 710 F.Supp. 438 (E.D.N.Y.1989) (holding that section 1346 applies retroactively to conduct occurring prior to the date of the McNally decision). 8