Opinion ID: 764869
Heading Depth: 2
Heading Rank: 3

Heading: The Entry to Troupe's Home

Text: 32 For his third point, Boyd argues the district court erred in concluding he was a resident of 2091 Victory Way Lane and it was therefore proper for the marshals to enter Troupe's home to arrest him. In Payton v. New York, 445 U.S. 573 (1980), the Supreme Court held that police officers do not need a search warrant to enter the home of the subject of an arrest warrant in order to effectuate the arrest. The Court held that for Fourth Amendment purposes, an arrest warrant founded on probable cause implicitly carries with it the limited authority to enter a dwelling in which the suspect lives when there is reason to believe the suspect is within. Id., at 603. However, in Steagald v. United States, 451 U.S. 204, 215-16 (1981), the Supreme Court held that a search warrant must be obtained, absent exigent circumstances or consent, before a police officer can enter a third party's home to search for the subject of an arrest warrant. 33 [I]f the suspect is a co-resident of the third-party, then Steagald does not apply, and Payton allows both arrest of the subject of the arrest warrant and use of evidence found against the third party. United States v. Risse, 83 F.3d 212, 216 (8th Cir.1996) (citations and internal quotation marks omitted). Thus under Payton, officers executing an arrest warrant [at a third person's home] must have a 'reasonable belief that the suspect resides at the place to be entered ... and [have] reason to believe that the suspect is present' at the time the warrant is executed. Risse, 83 F.3d at 216. Whether the police officers possessed a reasonable belief that [Boyd] resided [at 2091 Victory Way Lane] 'is a mixed question of fact and law. The findings with respect to the historical facts are reviewed under the clearly erroneous standard; the ultimate conclusion, however, is subject to de novo review. Risse, 83 F.3d at 215 (citations omitted). 34 Here the evidence supports the marshals' belief that Boyd resided at 2091 Victory Way Lane. They had received information to that effect from a CI. This information was corroborated by interviewing residents in the neighborhood. The evening the warrant was executed, the CI told Adler he had seen Boyd arrive at the residence and that Troupe had just arrived at the home. When the marshals arrived at the home, the hood of Troupe's black Volvo was still warm which confirmed the CI's statement that Troupe had just arrived. In addition, the marshals knew Troupe was Boyd's girlfriend and a car matching the description of the one driven by Boyd was parked outside the residence. We therefore conclude the marshals could lawfully enter the residence with only an arrest warrant. See Risse, 83 F.3d at 217. 35 Further, when the marshals knocked on the door and told Troupe they had a warrant for Boyd, Troupe looked upstairs, pointed and said, He's up in his room. It was therefore reasonable for the marshals to believe they had Troupe's consent to enter the home.