Opinion ID: 793369
Heading Depth: 7
Heading Rank: 3

Heading: The Thing to be Seized

Text: 103 The search warrant sought almost exclusively business and personal financial records from Defendant. This Court has found that old business records could reasonably be expected to be found at the defendant's home or place of business. United States v. McManus, 719 F.2d 1395, 1400-01 (6th Cir.1983). In McManus, the magistrate issued a search warrant on January 7, 1980 in connection with tax violations for the years 1977, 1978, and 1979. In finding that the warrant was not stale, the Court stated, It certainly would be reasonable for a magistrate to conclude that on January 7, 1980, defendant's business records for the years 1977, 1978, and 1979 would be found at either his place of business or his residence. ... `[Business records] are ... the sort which could be reasonably expected to be kept there for long periods of time. ' Id. at 1401 (quoting United States v. Freeman, 685 F.2d 942, 952 (5th Cir.1982)). 104 This Court has found that business records are a type of evidence that defy claims of staleness. See United States v. Word, 806 F.2d 658, 662 (6th Cir.1986); United States v. Brownderville, No. 98-1374, 1999 WL 618067, at  (6th Cir. Aug. 2, 1999); see also United States v. Singh, 390 F.3d 168, 182 (2d Cir.2004); United States v. Farmer, 370 F.3d 435, 439-40 (4th Cir.2004); United States v. Ninety-Two Thousand Four Hundred Twenty-Two Dollars and Fifty-Seven Cents, 307 F.3d 137, 148 (3d Cir.2002). 105 We agree that in this case, the magistrate was correct in believing that business and financial records with respect to 1999 would still be at Defendant's home or businesses in 2002. As the Third Circuit viewed the situation, where the items to be seized are created for the purpose of preservation, as are business records, the passage of time is ... less significant. Id. 106