Opinion ID: 3160389
Heading Depth: 3
Heading Rank: 1

Heading: Relevant Test

Text: This Court has established a five-part test for establishing a false advertising claim: 1) the defendant has made false or misleading statements of fact concerning his own product or another’s; 2) the statement actually deceives or tends to deceive a substantial portion of the intended audience; 3) the statement is material in that it will likely influence the deceived consumer’s purchasing decisions; 4) the No. 15-3302 Grubbs, et al. v. Sheakley Group, et al. Page 15 advertisements were introduced into interstate commerce; 5) there is some causal link between the challenged statements and harm to the plaintiff. Am. Council of Certified Podiatric Physicians & Surgeons v. Am. Bd. of Podiatric Surgery, Inc., 185 F.3d 606, 613 (6th Cir. 1999). The statements need not have appeared in a format resembling traditional advertising. See, e.g., Semco, Inc. v. Amcast, Inc., 52 F.3d 108, 112–14 (6th Cir. 1995) (holding misstatements in trade journal article actionable as false advertising).