Opinion ID: 2460345
Heading Depth: 2
Heading Rank: 1

Heading: Failure to Preserve K.S.A. 65-4161(d) Issue

Text: The specific question raised for the first time in Ward's brief to this court is whether the State failed to establish that Garfield School, which had been identified as a school located close to a laundromat where some of the drug transactions occurred, was a school as defined in K.S.A. 65-4161(d). This statute prohibits certain drug transactions within 1,000 feet of a structure used by a unified school district or an accredited nonpublic school for student instruction or attendance or extracurricular activities of pupils enrolled in kindergarten or any of the grades one through 12. At trial, there was evidence that Garfield School was a public school attended by kindergartners through third graders, but Ward argues there was no evidence that the school was used by a unified school district or an accredited nonpublic school. See State v. Star, 27 Kan.App.2d 930, 936, 10 P.3d 37, rev. denied 270 Kan. 903 (2000) (to sustain conviction for sale of cocaine within 1,000 feet of a school, State must present evidence that structure referred to as a school complies with the definition in 65-4161[d]); see also State v. West, Nos. 99,063, 99,067, 2008 WL 4849472 (Kan.App.2008) (unpublished opinion), rev. denied 289 Kan. 1285 (2009) (reversing three convictions for insufficient evidence of sale of cocaine within 1,000 feet of a school because State failed to prove that the building within 1,000 feet of the three sale transactions was part of unified school district or accredited nonpublic school). As we have noted, this issue was not raised before the Court of Appeals or in Ward's petition for review. Rather, before the Court of Appeals and in her petition for review, Ward did not point to a failure to prove any specific element of a crime and did not distinguish one count from another. In a case that is before the Kansas Supreme Court on a granted petition for review, an issue cannot be raised for the first time before the Supreme Court. Any issue that was not presented to the Kansas Court of Appeals is deemed abandoned. See Osterhaus v. Schunk, 291 Kan. 759, 794, 249 P.3d 888 (2011); see also Supreme Court Rule 8.03(a)(5)(c) (2010 Kan. Ct. R. Annot. 69) (Issues not presented in the petition, or fairly included therein, will not be considered by the court.). Consequently, we will not address the merits of Ward's claim that the State failed to establish that Garfield School complies with the definition in K.S.A. 65-4161(d).