Opinion ID: 162347
Heading Depth: 1
Heading Rank: 1

Heading: introduction

Text: 1 Defendant-Appellant Elliot C. Toles was charged with various offenses in Tulsa, Oklahoma in a superceding indictment. At the conclusion of a jury trial, Toles was found guilty of multiple counts each of interference with interstate commerce, using or brandishing a firearm during a crime of violence, and bank robbery. In addition, he was convicted of aiding and abetting in connection with each of the above offenses. On appeal, Toles argues that (1) police investigators obtained incriminating statements from him in violation of the Fifth and Sixth Amendments; (2) the district court's restriction on the cross-examination of a witness violated his Confrontation Clause rights; (3) there was insufficient evidence to sustain his convictions under the Hobbs Act and 18 U.S.C. § 924(c); (4) the prosecutor's improper remarks during closing statements constituted reversible error; and (5) there was cumulative error. We exercise jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291 and affirm.