Opinion ID: 2598931
Heading Depth: 1
Heading Rank: 3

Heading: SVP proceedings

Text: ¶ 9 In May 2002, while Moore was incarcerated, the State filed a petition alleging Moore should be civilly committed as an SVP. The court conducted a competency hearing. At the hearing, Dr. Lee Gustafson testified that, having evaluated Moore's competency approximately four times in the preceding 10 years, Moore was legally incompetent on one or two of those occasions. When Moore was found incompetent to stand trial, he had not been on antipsychotic medication and his self-care had deteriorated to the point where he was not bathing. There was feces in his hair. He was, in fact, drinking out of the urinal, and his skin was literally rotting off his body. Any efforts to engage him in any kind of conversation met with silence; he refused to talk. Report of Proceedings (RP) (Sept. 20, 2002) at 5. Although Moore refused to speak to Dr. Gustafson before the competency hearing, Dr. Gustafson testified he had observed Moore immediately before the competency hearing and that Moore appeared cooperative and was talking to his attorney. When asked whether appointment of a guardian ad litem (GAL) would be in Moore's best interests, Dr. Gustafson opined that, when Moore was cooperating and talking with his attorney, a GAL would be unnecessary. If Moore was not cooperating and a decision needed to be made on a timely basis, a GAL would be useful. The trial court found Moore was competent to stand trial but appointed a standby GAL in the event Moore's trial counsel or the standby GAL felt Moore was unable to make his own decisions. During a recess after the ruling, Dr. Gustafson was allowed to interview Moore and supplement his testimony. After the interview, Dr. Gustafson did not change his recommendation. There is no indication the standby GAL was ever used. ¶ 10 A bench trial began in 2006. Pretrial, Moore's trial counsel filed motions in limine regarding 15 evidentiary issues. The State agreed to several issues and the trial court ruled on the remainder. ¶ 11 The State's expert, Dr. Richard Packard, was the first witness. Midway through his testimony, the parties entered a document entitled Stipulated Facts and Exhibits (stipulation) that included factual stipulations and stipulations to exhibits in lieu of witness testimony. Moore's trial counsel informed the court that Moore stipulated to the document but wanted to maintain a continuing objection to any evidence identified in the motion in limine. Following the entry of the stipulation, the State continued with its direct examination of Dr. Packard. Dr. Packard testified that, after interviewing Moore for several hours and reviewing Moore's file, he diagnosed Moore as having a psychotic disorder not otherwise specified, paraphilia not otherwise specified with a focus on nonconsent where the sexual urges and behaviors are oriented towards having sexual contact with nonconsenting persons, and a personality disorder not otherwise specified that includes antisocial and passive aggressive features. RP (Mar. 7, 2006) at 89. Dr. Packard opined that Moore's paraphilia was chronic and lifelong. Id. at 119. He testified that, after reviewing several actuarial models and his own clinical tests, he believed Moore would more likely than not commit another predatory sexual offense if he were released unconditionally. ¶ 12 Moore's expert, Dr. Theodore Donaldson, did not testify at trial, but his report was included in the stipulation. In his report, he explained he did not believe Moore should be diagnosed with sexual sadism or paraphilia. Dr. Donaldson wrote the reliability of the diagnosis of sexual sadism was unacceptably low. He wrote that paraphilic coercive disorder might describe paraphilic rape, but under this formulation, the rapist prefers nonconsensual sex over other forms of sex. Pet'r's Ex. 14, at 4. Although Dr. Donaldson did not believe Moore was a paraphilic rapist or had paraphilic coercive disorder, he opined, Mr. Moore appears likely to commit a sex offense in the future. Given his history and his current mental status, it seems impossible to reach any other conclusion. He does not show any indications of marked improvements in his behavior, and I think that one can only assume his future behavior will probably be very much like his past behavior. The question will be whether he commits a nonsexual crime for which he is convicted before the opportunity for a sex offense occurs. Pet'r's Ex. 14, at 11. Dr. Donaldson did not believe Moore was an SVP, but was more suitable for ordinary civil commitment. ¶ 13 The trial court found Moore to be an SVP, and he was civilly committed. In an unpublished per curiam opinion, the Court of Appeals, Division One, affirmed. In re Det. of Moore, noted at 141 Wash.App. 1026, 2007 WL 3347797. We granted review. In re Det. of Moore, 164 Wash.2d 1020, 195 P.3d 89 (2008).