Opinion ID: 496265
Heading Depth: 2
Heading Rank: 1

Heading: Standing to challenge warrant3

Text: 10 The district court held that plaintiffs lacked standing to challenge the search warrant as they had no legitimate expectation of privacy in their workplace. We agree. 11 Fourth amendment rights may not be vicariously asserted. Rakas v. Illinois, 439 U.S. 128, 133-34, 99 S.Ct. 421, 424-25, 58 L.Ed.2d 387 (1978). To establish standing to challenge the search warrant, Martinez and the other workers must show that the warrant violated their personal rights, not merely the rights of Murakami's owners or managers. To make this showing, plaintiffs must prove that they had a legitimate expectation of privacy in the area searched or the things seized. Id. at 143, 99 S.Ct. at 430; United States v. Salvucci, 448 U.S. 83, 91-92, 100 S.Ct. 2547, 2552-53, 65 L.Ed.2d 619 (1980); United States v. Nadler, 698 F.2d 995, 998-99 (9th Cir.1983). In Mancusi v. DeForte, 392 U.S. 364, 88 S.Ct. 2120, 20 L.Ed.2d 1154 (1968), the Court found that a union official had a legitimate expectation of privacy in an office he shared with several other officials. The office had a door, and except for union higher-ups and fellow occupants, the official was able to exclude others. Id. at 368-69, 88 S.Ct. at 2123-24. 12 In this case, plaintiffs worked in a large two-room shed that contained 75 people. Unlike the defendant in Mancusi, the workers had no private space in any part of the building, and no authority to exclude others. They had no possessory interest in the place searched or things seized, and no right to exclude others from the premises. Thus, plaintiffs had no reasonable expectation of privacy in their workplace. 13 The INS agents relied on the warrant only to enter the factory, not to justify their questioning and detention of its occupants. The INS questioning and detention will be dealt with separately under the standards applicable to warrantless encounters. We hold that because the warrant's purpose and effect were solely to authorize entry, not questioning, the warrant itself did not invade any privacy rights of plaintiffs. Accordingly, plaintiffs have no standing to challenge the warrant. 14