Opinion ID: 343232
Heading Depth: 2
Heading Rank: 2

Heading: Discriminatory Operation of the Hiring Hall.

Text: 42 Union operation of an exclusive hiring hall, pursuant to a collective bargaining agreement, is not unlawful per se, Local 357, Int'l Bhd. of Teamsters v. N.L.R.B., 1961, 365 U.S. 667, 673, 81 S.Ct. 835, 6 L.Ed.2d 11, but discriminatory dispatching which encourages union membership does violate §§ 8(b)(1)(A) and (2). N.L.R.B. v. Local 542, Int'l Union of Operating Engineers, 3 Cir., 1973, 485 F.2d 387; Pacific Maritime Association v. N.L.R.B., 9 Cir., 1971, 452 F.2d 8; N.L.R.B. v. Int'l Longshoremen's and Warehousemen's Union, Local 12, 9 Cir., 1967, 378 F.2d 125. 43 The discriminatory referral charges regarding the hiring hall were made in the PMA case, which has never been reviewed by this court but was remanded to the Board, at its suggestion, after our order in the Gatlin case. The Union argues that substantial evidence of the unfair labor practice occurring during the relevant six-month periods is lacking. 2 Again, we disagree. 44 There is evidence that, when the Union and PMA reached an impasse in negotiations over the selection of additional Class B registrants, the Union added approximately 635 men as TW members of the Union, beginning this process after January, 1969. This was done despite the fact that, during typical months from January 1, 1967, to May 25, 1970, only about 80 to 86 TW members were steadily employed under terminal warehouse contracts. In 1969, the Union began to give more longshore job referrals to TW members rather than to unregistered non-members. By October 1969 (within one of the required six-month periods) on over half the days, no unregistered non-Union workers were dispatched to longshore jobs, but substantial numbers of TW members were. The Board found that the TW members were receiving a referral preference. Considering the number of non-registered non-members dispatched in January, 1969, the dramatic shift from using non-registered men to TWs strongly supports that finding. Moreover, the rapid increase in the number of TW members, considering the small number of TW contracts and jobs available, also strongly supports the Board's finding that preferential referrals were being made. 3 45 In addition, in October, 1969, the Union, during negotiations with PMA, suggested that individuals on PMA's list who had 100 hours or more of longshore work in 1969 be registered in Class B. The Union argues that work experience was a proper basis for selecting registrants. Normally that would be true, but here the suggestion would have aggravated the impact of the Union's preferential referral policy because most men on that list with over 100 hours experience in 1969 were TW members who had been preferred in referral to those jobs over non-registered non-members. The natural consequence of these preferences, therefore, coupled with the Union's proposal for registering men with 100 hours experience, would have been to encourage non-member casuals to join the Union and thus also be a violation of §§ 8(b)(1)(A) and (2). 46