Opinion ID: 2633559
Heading Depth: 1
Heading Rank: 3

Heading: standard of review

Text: [¶7] The defense did not object at trial to the expert testimony about which Mr. Bolin now complains in his first two issues. When no objection is made, the plain error standard applies. Plain error occurs when: 1) the incidents alleged as error clearly appear in the record; 2) the party claiming plain error demonstrates that a clear and unequivocal rule of law was violated; and 3) the party demonstrates he has been denied a substantial right resulting in material prejudice. Farmer v. State, 2005 WY 162, ¶ 26, 124 P.3d 699, 709 (Wyo. 2005). Because of the constitutional implications present when a defendant is forced to appear pro se after refusing, either explicitly or implicitly, to accept the services of appointed counsel, we conduct a de novo review of Mr. Bolin's third claim. Trujillo v. State, 2 P.3d 567, 571 (Wyo. 2000). [3]