Opinion ID: 771366
Heading Depth: 3
Heading Rank: 1

Heading: Use of Improper Tactics

Text: 20 Here, investigators used the very beachhead tactic condemned in Pope: they talked to Orso in isolation in the car without giving her Miranda warnings; falsely informed her about the evidence they had against her in order to make her fearful; and thereby elicited incriminating statements from her, including her admission that she knew one of the suspects. Orso's breakthrough statements served to incriminate her, and therefore established a beachhead from which to conduct the later full interrogation that led to her confession after the warning was given. Galetti's interrogation tactic was deliberate: he admitted that he employed it in order to get Orso to speak notwithstanding the Miranda warning that would follow. Furthermore, it worked. Orso gave a full confession after waiving her constitutional rights. As we explained in Pope, use of this tactic is precisely what the Supreme Court had in mind in Elstad when it exempted such conduct from the general rule that a post-Miranda statement is admissible if it is voluntary. Pope, 69 F.3d at 1024. 4