Opinion ID: 167974
Heading Depth: 4
Heading Rank: 2

Heading: Whether any error was prejudicial

Text: 43 Assuming exclusion of the emails, in whole or in part, was erroneous, their exclusion did not prejudice Fairfield. Turolla testified at length about his state of mind, his alleged nonretaliatory motive, and his problems with McInnis's performance, which is the same subject matter contained in the excluded emails. There is no indication that Fairfield's substantial rights were affected by the district court's refusal to admit the actual documents into evidence. See Polys v. Trans-Colorado Airlines, Inc., 941 F.2d 1404, 1407 n. 3 (10th Cir.1991) (recognizing that a district court's error in excluding evidence is harmless if the excluded evidence would not have added anything new to the evidence already presented or if the outcome of the trial would have been the same if the excluded evidence had been admitted). 44 Accordingly, we hold that it was not an abuse of discretion for the district court to exclude the emails, and that, even if it was, any error did not prejudice Fairfield's rights because the author testified to the substance of the excluded emails. We therefore affirm the district court's exclusion of this evidence.