Opinion ID: 836009
Heading Depth: 3
Heading Rank: 4

Heading: Is the Behavior Targeted by the Proceeding Already a Crime?

Text: Despite its persistent inclusion in the list of factors to be considered at the second stage of the analysis, it is clear that the United States Supreme Court considers the fact that the targeted conduct already is a crime to be all but irrelevant. See Ursery, 518 U.S. at 292, 116 S.Ct. 2135 (fact that forfeiture statutes are tied to criminal activity insufficient to render statutes punitive); see also Helvering, 303 U.S. at 399, 58 S.Ct. 630 (Congress may impose both a criminal and a civil sanction in respect to the same act or omission). We give that factor little weight.