Opinion ID: 2621822
Heading Depth: 1
Heading Rank: 5

Heading: Facial Invalidity

Text: An alternative argument made by Stoudmire is that the conviction is facially invalid. RCW 10.73.090(1) forbids collateral attack more than one year after judgment if the judgment and sentence is valid on its face. This court has held that the phrase on its face includes those documents signed as part of a plea agreement. Stoudmire, 141 Wash.2d at 353, 5 P.3d 1240 (citing State v. Phillips, 94 Wash.App. 313, 317, 972 P.2d 932 (1999)). The plea form signed by Stoudmire was approved by this court in former CrR 4.2(g)(6)(j). In it, he was advised that a mandatory term of at least one year of community placement applied, but not that the mandatory term was two years. Stoudmire was advised in the plea form and acknowledged that the prosecutor would recommend two years of community placement. He nevertheless claims that because of the reference to at least one year he was affirmatively misadvised. Due process requires that a guilty plea be knowing, intelligent, and voluntary. U.S. Const.Amend 14; Boykin v. Alabama, 395 U.S. 238, 243-44, 89 S.Ct. 1709, 23 L.Ed.2d 274 (1969). This court held in Ross that a defendant is unable to enter an intelligent, voluntary plea unless he is informed of mandatory community placement. Ross, 129 Wash.2d at 288, 916 P.2d 405. In a later case, the Court of Appeals vacated a guilty plea on direct appeal because the plea form did not explicitly warn the defendant of mandatory community placement. State v. Rawson, 94 Wash.App. 293, 297-98, 971 P.2d 578 (1999). In Rawson, the plea form stated that `the Judge may sentence me to community placement for at least 1 year,' but the defendant was unaware that the placement was mandatory. Id. at 295, 971 P.2d 578 (first emphasis added). Here, Stoudmire was aware of the prosecutor's recommendation for a two-year placement, and knew that at least one year of community placement was mandatory. Thus, unlike the defendant in Rawson, Stoudmire knew that some term of mandatory community placement would be imposed. Stoudmire nevertheless argues that due process requires notice of the range of punishment in addition to the mere fact of punishment. We disagree. The plea form gave him adequate notice that mandatory community placement applied and that the prosecutor intended to recommend two years. Yet, even if we were to hold that the plea agreement was facially invalid, Stoudmire's claim still fails. Knowledge of the direct consequences of a guilty plea can be satisfied either by the plea documents or by clear and convincing extrinsic evidence. Wood v. Morris, 87 Wash.2d 501, 507, 554 P.2d 1032 (1976). While Stoudmire's plea form stated only that community placement was mandatory for at least one year, his attorney acknowledged receipt of a presentence investigation report that clearly stated the mandatory minimum term. Stoudmire subsequently withdrew his guilty plea for other reasons, but later pleaded guilty again. At that point, even though the plea form once again did not specify the mandatory length of placement, Stoudmire was on notice of the required term from the presentence report. His assertion that he was unaware of the mandatory nature of the prosecutor's two-year recommendation is untenable.