Opinion ID: 3015109
Heading Depth: 3
Heading Rank: 2

Heading: Naranjo’s Sentence.

Text: As we noted above, Naranjo also appeals the District Court’s failure to grant a sentencing adjustment for his minor role pursuant to U.S.S.G. § 3B1.2. The District Court imposed sentence under a sentencing regime that assumed that the Sentencing Guidelines were mandatory. 12 For example, it is apparent that both interrogations occurred on the enclosed porch, that warnings were given as soon as Naranjo returned from the restroom, and that the same group of agents were present for both statements. The court also credited testimony that Naranjo was told that he did not have to talk to the agents. The court noted, on different occasions, that Narnanjo “was talkative,” and “wanted to talk.” App. At 255a. It also appears, however, that Naranjo was not initially told that he had the right to talk to them only in the presence of legal counsel and that counsel would be appointed for him if he could not afford one. 13 On remand, it may be necessary or desireable for the District Court to reopen the suppression hearing in order to make further inquiry that will support additional findings pursuant to the pronouncements in Seibert. 25 After Naranjo was sentenced, the Supreme Court decided United States v. Booker, 125 S.Ct. 738 (2005). Briefly stated, “[t]he Court held that 18 U.S.C. § 3553(b)(1), the provision of the Sentencing Reform Act that makes the Guidelines mandatory, was [unconstitutional] and that it must be severed and excised [from the Guidelines].” United States v. Ordaz, 398 F.3d 236, 239 (3d Cir. 2005). In United States v. Davis, 407 F.3d 162 (3d Cir. 2005) (en banc), we explained how we would resolve direct appeals of sentences imposed before Booker was decided when the Guidelines were to be mandatory rather than advisory. In Davis, we stated that where we could not determine “whether the District Court would have imposed a greater or lesser sentence under an advisory framework,” prejudice in a plain error analysis “can be presumed.” Id. at 164-65. We reasoned that, given the law of sentencing after Booker, “[f]ailure to remand for resentencing . . . could adversely affect the fairness and integrity of the proceedings.” Id at 165. Thus, we concluded that defendants sentenced under the prior mandatory guideline regime whose sentences were on direct appeal at the time of the Booker decision should have their sentencing challenge remanded to the District Court for resentencing pursuant to the pronouncements of Booker. Thus, on remand, if the District Court again denies Naranjo’s suppression motion after making the findings of fact and appropriate inquiry under Seibert, the court may reimpose the judgment of conviction, and resentence Naranjo in light of the teachings of Booker. 26