Opinion ID: 2632598
Heading Depth: 2
Heading Rank: 3

Heading: Maland was in a private place when law enforcement encountered him.

Text: The district court relied upon United States v. Santana, 427 U.S. 38, 96 S.Ct. 2406, 49 L.Ed.2d 300 (1976) to authorize the officers to continue into Maland's home to further the Terry stop. In United States v. Santana, supra , the Supreme Court held that police could arrest without a warrant a person standing in the open doorway to her home because the open doorway was a public place. In Santana, police saw the defendant standing in the open doorway to her home shortly after a heroin transaction in which they had probable cause to believe she had participated. When police approached, the defendant fled into her home, where police entered and completed her arrest. The Supreme Court concluded that the police sought to arrest her in a public place (her porch). She was not in an area where she had any expectation of privacy.... She was not merely visible to the public but was exposed to public view, speech, hearing, and touch as if she had been standing completely outside her house. Id. at 42, 96 S.Ct. at 2409, 49 L.Ed.2d at 305. Further, the entry into the defendant's home to complete the arrest was justified by an exigent circumstance: the officers'hot pursuit of a fleeing felon. See id. at 42-43, 96 S.Ct. at 2409-2410, 49 L.Ed.2d at 305. A person does not abandon this privacy interest in his home by opening his door from within to answer a knock. United States v. Berkowitz, 927 F.2d 1376, 1387 (7th Cir.1991). In the case where the police enter a person's home, without his/her consent, before announcing their authority to arrest. the arrestee has not forfeited his privacy interest in the home; he has not relinquished his right to close the door on the unwanted visitors. See McCraw, 920 F.2d at 229; see also McKinney v. George, 726 F.2d at 1188 (suggesting that a person answering the police's knock may retreat into his home, and that police may not then enter without a warrant to arrest him); LaFave, supra, § 6.1(e) at 591. 927 F.2d at 1387. Contrary to Santana, the officers had no probable cause to arrest Maland, for a felony either when he was inside the house or when he opened the door, and there were no exigent circumstances justifying entrance without a warrant. Santana does not sanction the entry into Maland's home. 427 U.S. 38, 96 S.Ct. 2406, 49 L.Ed.2d 300 (1976). The State argues that the protections afforded by the Fourth Amendment do not prevent an officer from making a warrantless, nonconsensual entry into a suspect's home to effectuate a Terry stop, which began at the threshold of the suspect's home. Relying on the Supreme Court's decision in Santana, this Court in State v. Manthei, 130 Idaho 237, 939 P.2d 556 (1997), held that an officer's warrantless entry into a defendant's residence in order to complete the Terry stop did not violate the defendant's Fourth Amendment rights. According to the Court in Manthei, there was no reason to distinguish between entry into a residence to complete a Terry stop and entry to complete a probable cause-based arrest. Id. at 240, 939 P.2d at 559. Manthei was wrongly decided and must be overruled. Manthei has led to the erroneous argument that law enforcement officers may enter a home to effectuate a Terry stop when there is no probable cause for an arrest, nor exigent circumstances including but not limited to, officer or other's safety. See Minnesota v. Olson, 495 U.S. 91, 110 S.Ct. 1684, 109 L.Ed.2d 85 (1990); State v. Harwood, 94 Idaho 615, 495 P.2d 160 (1972). For the same reasons, State v. Hinson, 132 Idaho 110, 967 P.2d 724 (1998) was also wrongly decided and must be overruled.