Opinion ID: 584294
Heading Depth: 2
Heading Rank: 1

Heading: Authority to Act

Text: 4 Since its enactment in 1968, the Federal Magistrates Act has permitted district courts to assign magistrate judge's certain described powers and duties, as well as such additional duties as are not inconsistent with the Constitution and laws of the United States. Pub.L. 90-578, 82 Stat. 1107 (current version at 28 U.S.C. § 631 et seq.). Our task is to determine whether this statute authorized Magistrate Judge George H. King to enter the assignment order in this case. 5 At the outset, we note that section 636(b)(1) provides no basis for the order. That provision only concerns pre-trial matters and some criminal proceedings, and therefore is inapplicable to this post-judgment assignment order. See 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1). Section 636(b)(2) also is irrelevant, as it only deals with special masters. 6 Section 636(c) conceivably could authorize the order, because it extends to all civil proceedings resulting in a final judgment. See 28 U.S.C. § 636(c)(1), (3). In this case, the magistrate judge's order effectively assigned priorities among Holland's creditors 2 and thus qualifies as a final order. See King v. Ionization Int'l, Inc., 825 F.2d 1180, 1184-85 (7th Cir.1987). Accordingly, Columbia will prevail under this section if: (1) the district court specially designated the magistrate judge to exercise jurisdiction; and (2) the parties consented to the magistrate judge's authority. 28 U.S.C. § 636(c)(1). 7 Although no individual district judge designated Magistrate Judge King to exercise jurisdiction, we must consider the possibility of designation under the local rules. See Fed.R.Civ.P. 73(a). Under Local Rule 1.7.03, magistrate judges are authorized to preside over all supplementary proceedings covered by Rule 69 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Nevertheless, the local rule's very terms undermine the designation argument. The rule states: [t]he full-time Magistrates are authorized to hear and determine the following pursuant to 28 U.S.C. Sec. 636(b)(1)(A) ... Local Rule 1.7. Section 636(b)(1) appears to contemplate review by the district judge in the first instance, rather than an appeal to this court. See King, 825 F.2d at 1185. The designation argument therefore is untenable. Moreover, our review of the record discloses no affirmative statement of consent. The magistrate judge thus lacked authority to enter a dispositive order. See Alaniz v. California Processors, Inc., 690 F.2d 717, 720 (9th Cir.1982) (holding that the parties must give clear and unambiguous consent to jurisdiction); see also Local Rule 6.6. 8 Columbia Record Productions nevertheless maintains that the order was permissible under 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(3). According to Columbia, entry of the assignment order was merely an additional duty that magistrate judges perform in accord with federal law and the Constitution. This interpretation does not comport with section 636(c), which provides that a decision with a dispositive effect on the parties cannot be made without their signed consent. We decline to upset the statutory scheme, and hold that section 636(b)(3) did not authorize the magistrate judge to enter the order. 9 Having failed to find a statutory basis for the magistrate judge's order, we conclude that he lacked authority to enter it. We accordingly vacate that order and remand the matter to the district court.