Opinion ID: 588821
Heading Depth: 3
Heading Rank: 2

Heading: Johnie

Text: 45 Johnie was convicted of the conspiracy offense and the substantive offense of possession. She suggests that the record reflects nothing more than that she provided the use of information contained on her driver's license for identification purposes when the precursor chemicals were purchased at the chemical supply store. We disagree. 46 In United States v. Sanchez, 961 F.2d 1169 (5th Cir.1992) we observed: 47 To establish guilt of a drug conspiracy, it must be proven that an agreement with intent to [manufacture methamphetamine] existed, that the defendant had knowledge of the agreement, and that the defendant voluntarily participated in the conspiracy. United States v. Lewis, 902 F.2d 1176, 1180 (5th Cir.1990). An agreement may be inferred from a concert of action, participation from a collocation of circumstances, and knowledge from surrounding circumstances. United States v. Espinoza-Seanez, 862 F.2d 526, 537 (5th Cir.1988). Mere presence at the scene and close association with those involved are insufficient factors alone; nevertheless, they are relevant factors for the jury. United States v. Simmons, 918 F.2d 476, 484 (5th Cir.1990). 48 Sanchez, 961 F.2d at 1174 (emphasis in original ). 49 In Sanchez, we held that the defendant-spouse of a principal conspirator could be convicted upon evidence that she used a false name while making airline reservations for her husband and another coconspirator, discussed the conspiracy with her brother and lived with a principal of the conspiracy. Sanchez, 961 F.2d at 1178. In the case before us, the record indicates that Johnie repeatedly supplied false information on the sales invoices regarding the proper address and proper reasons for purchasing the chemicals. These actions could permit a reasonable jury to infer that Johnie knew of the conspiracy and, particularly due to the fact that these actions were repeated, that she agreed to, and voluntarily participated in, the conspiracy. Moreover, Johnie lived in the same home as Beaumont, the principal conspirator, and accompanied him, together with Gerald and Brevell on occasion, to purchase the chemicals. With these facts in the record, we cannot say that there was insufficient evidence to support the jury's verdict as to the conspiracy count. 50 Johnie also challenges her conviction for the substantive offense of possession with intent to manufacture methamphetamine. It is well settled that [a] conspirator is liable for the substantive offenses of his coconspirators while he is a member of the conspiracy. Sanchez, 961 F.2d at 1176 (citing United States v. Garcia, 917 F.2d 1370, 1377 (5th Cir.1990)). Any analysis that turns on the lack of evidence directly implicating Johnie in the substantive offense of possession is unnecessary in light of the principal recited above. The jury was instructed that it could find Johnie guilty of the substantive offense based on the coconspirator liability theory; our inquiry need proceed no further. 18 Johnie's contentions are without merit.