Opinion ID: 516086
Heading Depth: 3
Heading Rank: 2

Heading: Under Color of Office

Text: 12 The claims against these defendants arose from their service as members of Congress. The statute allows removal for ... any act under color of such office.... See 28 U.S.C. Sec. 1442(a)(1) (1982). They acted in their capacities as federal officers and they assert this as a defense. See Saul v. Larsen, 847 F.2d 573, 575 (9th Cir.1988); Swett, 792 F.2d at 1450. 13 We have some difficulty distilling the substance behind Richards' vague allegations. Nonetheless, her case appears to fall within the color of office test. Any claims outside this category were properly removed as pendent to the other claims. See Murphy v. Kodz, 351 F.2d 163, 166 (9th Cir.1965) (pendent jurisdiction where state claim so related to federal claim that it represents same cause of action).