Opinion ID: 753501
Heading Depth: 2
Heading Rank: 3

Heading: Refusal to Grant Immunity to Defense Witnesses

Text: 11 Appellants assert that they were denied a fair trial because the Government refused to grant immunity to proposed defense witnesses Mary Mimi Bundy (Bundy), Donna Anderson (Anderson), and Doris Warren (Warren), leading each to invoke her Fifth Amendment right. 12 Generally, criminal defendants cannot compel the Government to grant immunity to a witness. U.S. v. Young, 86 F.3d 944, 947 (9th Cir.1996). However, defendants qualify for an exception to this rule upon showing that: 1) the testimony was relevant; and 2) the Government distorted the judicial fact-finding process by denying immunity. Id. 13 Nonetheless, Appellants fail to satisfy this two-part test. 14