Opinion ID: 52848
Heading Depth: 2
Heading Rank: 2

Heading: Admission of Business Records

Text: Morgan claims that the admission of the business records provided by Davies to the grand jury violated her rights under the Confrontation Clause. The standard of review is again de novo. Acosta, 475 F.3d at 680. In Crawford, the Court noted that business records are not testimonial in nature. 541 U.S. at 56, 124 S.Ct. 1354. Based upon that portion of Crawford, this Court has held that public records are not testimonial in nature. United States v. Lopez-Moreno, 420 F.3d 420, 437 (5th Cir. 2005). This Court has held that Crawford does not extend to the admission of a certificate of nonexistence of record from the Immigration and Naturalization Service. United States v. Rueda-Rivera, 396 F.3d 678, 678-80 (5th Cir.2005). Because of this clear precedent, we hold that, after Crawford, business records are not testimonial in nature and their admission at trial is not a violation of the Confrontation Clause.