Opinion ID: 3065924
Heading Depth: 2
Heading Rank: 2

Heading: standard of review

Text: We review de novo a district court’s dismissal for failure to state a claim pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6). Oscar v. Univ. Students Co-op. Ass’n, 965 F.2d 783, 785 (9th Cir. 1992) (en banc), abrogated on other grounds by Diaz v. Gates, 420 F.3d 897 (9th Cir. 2005) (en banc). “To survive a motion to dismiss, a complaint must contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to ‘state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.’ ” Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 677 (quoting Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570 (2007) (abrogating Conley v. Gibson, 355 U.S. 41 (1957))). A complaint states sufficient facts when the plaintiff pleads factual content that allows the court to draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged. The plausibility standard is not akin to a “probability requirement,” but it asks for more than a sheer possibility that a defendant has acted unlawfully. Where a complaint pleads facts that are “merely consistent with” a defendant’s liability, it “stops short of the line between possibility and plausibility of ‘entitlement to relief.’ ” Id. at 678 (citations omitted) (quoting Twombly, 550 U.S. at 556-57). Although the complaint in this case was drafted prior to Iqbal, that standard nonetheless governs this case. See id. at 684 (“Twombly expounded the pleading standard for ‘all civil actions.’ ” (quoting Fed. R. Civ. P. 1)). We review de novo the decision of a district court to grant absolute or qualified immunity to a public official. Botello v. Gammick, 413 F.3d 971, 975 (9th Cir. 2005). 10024 LACEY v. MARICOPA COUNTY