Opinion ID: 259
Heading Depth: 3
Heading Rank: 2

Heading: Government Responded with Retaliation

Text: Under the second element of a retaliation claim, plaintiffs must show the Government responded with a retaliatory act. The test in our Circuit for determining whether an action is treated as retaliation is whether it is sufficient to deter a person of ordinary firmness from exercising his constitutional rights. Mitchell v. Horn, 318 F.3d 523, 530 (3d Cir.2003) (internal quotation marks, citation, and alteration omitted). There is no doubt a prosecution meets this test, and the District Attorney does not argue otherwise. See Hartman v. Moore, 547 U.S. 250, 126 S.Ct. 1695, 164 L.Ed.2d 441 (2006) (discussing retaliatory prosecution cases).