Opinion ID: 2638933
Heading Depth: 1
Heading Rank: 5

Heading: Timeliness of the Report of Injury

Text: [¶ 11] The only specific factual finding the hearing examiner made concerning the time or cause of Ms. Blommel's injury was that the injury is one occurring over a period of time; the Claimant's testimony indicated no triggering event or sudden occurrence. The hearing examiner concluded as a matter of law, however, that it was reasonably apparent to Ms. Blommel at the time she quit her job at Wyoming Sawmills on July 29, 2002, that she was suffering from a shoulder condition which she attributed to a work place injury. [¶ 12] Section 27-14-502(a), the provision governing the time for filing a report of injury, provides in pertinent part as follows: (a) As soon as is practical but not later than seventy-two (72) hours after the general nature of the injury became apparent, an injured employee shall, in writing or by other means approved by the department, report the occurrence and general nature of the accident or injury to the employer. In addition, the injured employee shall within ten (10) days after the injury became apparent, file an injury report with the employer and the division in a manner and containing information prescribed by division rule and regulation.... [¶ 13] Ms. Blommel makes no claim that she reported the injury in writing to her employer within 72 hours after July 9, 2002, nor does she claim she filed an injury report with her employer and the Division within ten days after July 9. Rather, Ms. Blommel concedes that she filed her report of injury with Wyoming Sawmills and the Division on August 27, 2002, 48 days after the July 9, 2002, injury date she identified on the injury report. Ms. Blommel asserts that her report of injury was timely despite the fact that it was not filed within ten days of the date of injury. She contends a reasonable person would not have known the nature and extent of her injury until Dr. Ferries diagnosed a torn rotator cuff on August 23, 2002. Prior to Dr. Ferries' diagnosis, she asserts, she did not know whether she sustained a new injury, whether her injury was a continuation of her prior injury, or otherwise. Using August 23 as the date of injury, Ms. Blommel contends she reported her injury in a timely fashion under § 27-14-502(a). [¶ 14] The Division argues that the hearing examiner's conclusion that the report of injury was not timely filed was supported by substantial evidence. The Division asserts the evidence demonstrated Ms. Blommel knew the pain she experienced on July 9, 2002, was work-related and this knowledge was confirmed on July 29, 2002, when she quit her job because the pain made it impossible for her to continue working. At the very least, the Division contends, Ms. Blommel was required to report her injury within 72 hours and ten days of July 29, 2002. [¶ 15] In cases requiring us to determine the date of compensable injury, we have said: The statutory reporting requirements do not begin to run until the employee becomes aware that an accident has caused an injury; and the term injury as used in the compensation statutes means compensable injury. Our law on determining the date of a compensable injury is well-established. We have consistently held that when a correct diagnosis or prognosis of present or likely future disability is communicated to the claimant, the injury is discovered, it is compensable, and the statute of limitations begins to run. When determining the time a particular injury became compensable, it should be asked: When would a reasonable person, under the circumstances, have understood the full extent and nature of the injury and that the injury was related to his or her employment? This question necessarily requires a careful evaluation of all facts to determine when an employee reasonably understood the nature and seriousness of his condition and that it was work-related. Iverson, ¶¶ 14-15 (emphasis added, citations omitted). We review the entire record to determine when a claimant knew the nature and full extent of her injury. Id., ¶ 15. [¶ 16] There is no question Ms. Blommel understood the pain she began experiencing on July 9, 2002, was related to her employment. She testified unequivocally that there was a correlation between her work and the pain. What is not so clear is when she understood, or a reasonable person under the circumstances would have understood, the full extent and nature of the injury. She contends a reasonable person under the circumstances would not have understood the full extent and nature of her injury until August 23, 2002, when she saw Dr. Ferries and he told her she appeared to have a torn rotator cuff. In contrast, the Division argues and the hearing examiner found, that a reasonable person under the circumstances would have understood the full extent and nature of her injury by July 29, 2002, when she quit her job with Wyoming Sawmills because she could not take the pain [any] more. In essence, Ms. Blommel's argument focuses on the date a diagnosis was rendered, while the Division focuses on other factors preceding the diagnosis. To resolve this issue, we consider our prior case law. [¶ 17] In Torres v. State ex rel. Wyo. Workers' Safety and Comp. Div., 2005 WY 7, ¶ 17, 105 P.3d 101, 110 (Wyo.2005) (citations omitted), we said: Our law on determining the date of a compensable injury is well-established. We have consistently held that when a correct diagnosis or prognosis of present or likely future disability is communicated to the claimant, the injury is discovered, it is compensable, and the statute of limitations begins to run.... Our previous decisions have never burdened an employee with filing claims for trivial injuries to avoid timeliness issues. The employee, however, may not ignore these requirements for compensable injuries because notice requirements and the statute of limitations exist to allow employers to investigate claims, monitor medical care, and avoid stale claims. [¶ 18] Applying these principles in Torres, we affirmed the hearing examiner's conclusion that the report was untimely because the record clearly showed the employee did not report her injury to her employer within 72 hours of the date she received a correct diagnosis and did not file a report with the Division within ten days of that date. [¶ 19] In Iverson, the claimant was injured at work on two separate occasions. After the first injury, the claimant did not mention the injury and continued to work his shifts and overtime. After the second injury, however, the pain was significant enough to cause the claimant to discontinue working, seek medical treatment and obtain a diagnosis. We concluded the weight of the evidence showed that the employee injured himself on the first date, but did not know the nature and extent of his injury until the second date when he notified his employer, discontinued working and sought medical treatment. We said: We accept the hearing examiner's conclusion that Iverson suffered a work-related injury in the first incident; however, our law is well established that statutory reporting requirements are not triggered when an employee sustains an apparent trivial injury which does not result in present disability and which would not reasonably be expected to cause future disability. An employee is charged with knowing the full extent and nature of the injury no later than when a correct diagnosis and prognosis of present or likely future disability is communicated to the claimant. At that point, the injury is discovered, it is compensable, and the statute of limitations begins to run. Iverson, ¶ 3 (emphasis added). [¶ 20] In Wesaw, ¶ 15, the claimant was injured on October 15, 1998, sought medical treatment and received a diagnosis on October 22, 1998, and filed his report of injury on November 3, 1998, more than ten days after the injury occurred. Although we concluded that the claimant may have recognized the causal relationship earlier, we concluded he did not understand the nature and seriousness of his injury until he received the doctor's diagnosis and, therefore, his report was timely. [¶ 21] In each of these cases, we held the claimant understood the full extent and nature of his injury upon receiving a doctor's diagnosis. In Ms. Blommel's case, she had a prior diagnosis of rotator cuff tendonitis. When she experienced pain in the same shoulder and sought treatment on July 9, 2002, she was treated for shoulder pain and told to see an orthopedic surgeon if there was not improvement in the next few weeks. By July 29, 2002, the pain had become so severe Ms. Blommel quit her job. Although she believed the pain was related to her work stacking lumber for Wyoming Sawmills, Ms. Blommel did not know, and there is no evidence she even suspected, her rotator cuff was torn and would require surgery until she received a physician's diagnosis on August 23, 2002. [¶ 22] We hold that the hearing examiner misapplied the law when he concluded Ms. Blommel's claim should be denied because the general nature of her injury was apparent to her by July 29, 2002. The test for determining the time for filing a report of injury under § 27-14-502 is when a reasonable person under the circumstances would have understood the full extent and nature of the injury and that the injury was related to his or her employment. Applying this test to the factual findings made by the hearing examiner, we hold as a matter of law that the general nature of the injury became apparent when Ms. Blommel learned on August 23, 2002, that she likely had a torn rotator cuff. [¶ 23] Reversed.