Opinion ID: 389939
Heading Depth: 2
Heading Rank: 5

Heading: Issues on This Appeal

Text: 58 On appeal, defendants do not contest the district court's conclusion that the City is liable for race discrimination under the Revenue Sharing Act dating back to January 1, 1973, 14 nor do they contest the conclusion that the 1975 exam was unlawful under Title VII. They contend, however, with respect to both Title VI and Title VII, that the district court erred in holding the City liable for discrimination prior to 1975. In addition, defendants challenge various aspects of the remedy, arguing that the remedy constitutes an impermissible hiring quota, that the numerical hiring order is overbroad and requires the City to hire unqualified individuals, that the promotional freeze places an undue burden on a small, readily identifiable group of nonminority employees, and that the backpay relief is overinclusive and insufficiently tailored to the alleged violations. 59 The plaintiffs have cross-appealed from two aspects of the relief ordered. They contend that the court erred in placing on the minority candidates the burden of proving that they met the City's nondiscriminatory employment requirements in order to receive backpay, and they contend that the district court should have awarded constructive seniority for job placement, benefits, and other purposes, to persons hired pursuant to the order. 60 As to liability, we affirm the holding that the City has violated Title VII since 1972, but vacate the district court's ruling that the City violated Title VI. As to remedy, we affirm the district court's general remedial plan, but remand for modification as to the number of minority persons to whom employment must be offered and as to various aspects of the backpay and seniority awards.