Opinion ID: 783445
Heading Depth: 3
Heading Rank: 4

Heading: Other grounds upon which to affirm

Text: 39 This lawsuit was filed a little more than two months before the district court dismissed it sua sponte on immunity grounds. Defendants had not filed a motion to dismiss on any ground except venue, and the parties had not presented any evidence to the district court. Defendants have not asserted any other ground upon which to affirm the dismissal of this lawsuit against the individual defendants. 4 As a general rule, appellate courts do not consider any issue not passed upon below. See Singleton v. Wulff, 428 U.S. 106, 119-20, 96 S.Ct. 2868, 49 L.Ed.2d 826 (1976) (criticizing the Eighth Circuit for addressing the merits of an action that had been dismissed in an early stage of litigation solely on standing grounds). We therefore leave for resolution by the district court upon remand the issues of claim and issue preclusion, constitutional standing, failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted, and any other basis upon which this lawsuit may potentially be dismissed in whole or part.