Opinion ID: 715658
Heading Depth: 2
Heading Rank: 1

Heading: standard of review

Text: 13 We review the district court's refusal to hold a Kastigar hearing for abuse of discretion. United States v. Dudden, 65 F.3d 1461, 1468 (9th Cir.1995). 4 However, we must determine de novo whether Anderson's testimony and production were immunized pursuant to a state statute. See Arizona Elec. Power Co-op., Inc. v. Berkeley, 59 F.3d 988 (9th Cir.1995) (We review the district court's interpretation of state law de novo.). We also review de novo whether Anderson's waiver of the fifth amendment privilege was compelled. See United States v. Huynh, 60 F.3d 1386, 1387 (9th Cir.1995) (whether Miranda waiver was voluntary is reviewed de novo ); United States v. Camp, 72 F.3d 759, 761 (9th Cir.1995) (reviewing whether under the totality of the circumstances a state immunity agreement compelled self-incrimination).