Opinion ID: 778494
Heading Depth: 3
Heading Rank: 4

Heading: Identification of the Relevant Forum

Text: 25 Once we have confirmed that the speech in question is protected speech for purposes of Free Speech Clause analysis, that analysis proceeds via identification and classification of the relevant forum and then, depending upon the forum's classification, application of the relevant standard of Free Speech Clause review. See, e.g., Good News Club v. Milford Cent. Sch., 533 U.S. 98, 106, 121 S.Ct. 2093, 150 L.Ed.2d 151 (2001) (The standards that we apply to determine whether a State has unconstitutionally excluded a private speaker from use of a public forum depend on the nature of the forum.). Thus we turn next to the identification of the relevant forum. 26 Identification of the relevant forum requires a nuanced approach that considers (1) the government property to which access is sought and (2) the type of access sought. See Cornelius v. NAACP Legal Def. and Educ. Fund, Inc., 473 U.S. 788, 800-02, 105 S.Ct. 3439, 87 L.Ed.2d 567 (1985) ([F]orum analysis is not completed merely by identifying the government property at issue. Rather, in defining the forum[,] we have [also] focused on the access sought by the speaker.); Perry Educ. Ass'n v. Perry Local Educators' Ass'n, 460 U.S. 37, 44, 103 S.Ct. 948, 74 L.Ed.2d 794 (1983) (defining the applicable forum as the mailboxes of the school's teachers and the school's interschool mail system). 27 Here, the government property at issue is the lawn of the Ogden City municipal building. The access sought is not merely to converse or post temporary signs on the lawn, but the right to place permanent monuments on the lawn: hence the relevant forum is `permanent monuments on the lawn of the Ogden City municipal building.' Again, the City of Ogden does not dispute this conclusion. See Aples' Br. at 20, 29-30 (describing the applicable forum as [t]he gallery of [permanent] monuments located on the Municipal Grounds).