Opinion ID: 745856
Heading Depth: 1
Heading Rank: 4

Heading: Amounts of the Awards

Text: 15 Appellants ask us to hold that the amounts of the sanctions awards are excessive and should not stand. We decline to do so. 16 Appellants never challenged the amounts of the awards in the district court and hence we need not consider their arguments in this regard. See, e.g., Speck, 59 F.3d at 109. Even if we were to reach this issue, however, we would uphold the awards because the evidence submitted does not indicate that the district court abused its discretion in any manner in calculating their amounts. See Chambers, 501 U.S. at 55 (inherent power); Salstrom v. Citicorp Credit Servs., 74 F.3d 183, 184 (9th Cir.1991) (28 U.S.C. § 1927). The district court appropriately considered what fees and costs were reasonably and necessarily incurred by Guardian Life as a result of appellants' misconduct.