Opinion ID: 2680019
Heading Depth: 2
Heading Rank: 5

Heading: Evaluation of the Mendoza-Martinez Factors

Text: [¶99] We do not determine whether a statute has a punitive effect based on the mere number of factors that demonstrate such effect. Instead, we assess these factors and their relative weight. See Doe v. State, 189 P.3d at 1018. The factors discussed here, as well as the majority’s discussion regarding whether the behavior is already a crime, demonstrate that SORNA of 1999 has a punitive effect. Most notably, SORNA of 1999 imposes requirements that are historically regarded as punishment because of their connections to sentencing and the associated stigma. Additionally, the stigma associated with the registry subjects the offenders to retribution, which in turn promotes deterrence, which are traditional aims of punishment. Overall, these factors provide clear proof that the statute’s punitive effect overcomes the Legislature’s civil intent. See Smith, 538 U.S. at 92 (setting forth the United States constitutional standard for determining criminality of sex offenders registry).