Opinion ID: 2976918
Heading Depth: 2
Heading Rank: 3

Heading: Kalymon’s UAP Service

Text: Kalymon was born “Jan Kalymun” in Poland in 1921. In 1939, he moved to Bomblitz, Germany. In late 1941, Kalymon moved to L’viv, where he applied for and was hired as a police private in the UAP. Kalymon admitted that he served in several UAP commissariats from at least May 1942 to March 1944. He testified that his duties in the UAP consisted of being a peacekeeper. He claimed never to have possessed or fired a firearm while on duty. Moreover, Kalymon asserted that he had no contact with or knowledge of the Jewish population in L’viv. The Government relied upon several wartime documents to show that Kalymon was more involved in persecuting civilians, especially Jews, than he claimed. Several of these documents identified “Ivan,” “Iwan,” or “Jan” “Kalymon” or “Kalymun” as a UAP policeman. Defendant admitted that “Ivan” was essentially the equivalent of “Iwan” and “Jan.” Dr. Pohl testified that German documents would account for the use of “Iwan,” whereas in Cyrillic the name would be “Ivan” and in Polish the name would be “Jan.” Defendant also admitted that he has used two spellings of his surname (“Kalymon” and “Kalymun”) during various times of his life. While his birth record indicated his surname as “Kalymun,” Defendant testified that he used “Kalymon” exclusively after 1941. According to the district court, the “Kalymon” spelling appears in many of the more innocuous documents (e.g., salary declaration, list of policemen receiving uniform fabric, driver’s license). Kalymon, 2007 WL 1012983, at . On the other hand, the surname is spelled “Kalymun” in each document referencing the use of ammunition. Id. Defendant testified that he did not know of any other UAP officers using the name “Kalymon” or “Kalymun” while serving in the UAP. Nonetheless, records indicated that there were three individuals with the name “Kalymon”—Roman, Stefan, and Ivan. However, there is no evidence showing that any other person served in the UAP with a surname spelled “Kalymun.” One document admitted as evidence that used the spelling “Kalymun” contained Defendant’s admitted date and place of birth. Moreover, Defendant admitted to serving in the Fourth, Fifth, and Seventh Commissariats in L’viv during the same time period that a person bearing the name “Ivan/Iwan” “Kalymun/Kalymon” served in these same units. In summary, the district court explained that the record showed no other person “bearing the name ‘Ivan/Iwan’ ‘Kalymun/Kalymon,’ with the same date and place of birth as Defendant, served in the UAP between May 1942 and March 1944, in the same commissariats as Defendant.” Id. While Kalymon testified that he did not participate in the rounding up or in the transportation of Jews from the ghetto, the district court noted that several documents countered his assertion. Documents indicated that “[o]n May 6, 1942, Iv Kalymun generated a cleanliness inspection report, No. 07-1965 United States v. Kalymon Page 4 in which he reported nonconforming properties.” Id. at . Additionally, “[o]n May 11, 1942, Ivan Kalymun and another policeman were assigned to escort an unknown number of Jews to Pluvhov, the location of a SS-run, forced labor camp” and each expended six rounds of ammunition. Id. A report dated August 14, 1942, indicated that “Iv Kalymun recorded that he fired four shots while on duty,” wounding one Jew and killing another. Id. Further, the chief of the commissariat filed a summary report on the same date indicating that policemen “delivered 2,128 Jews to a central assembly point.” Id. The report stated that twelve Jews were “killed while escaping,” seven Jews were wounded, and that “Ivan Kalymun” expended four rounds of ammunition. Id. Additionally, on August 20, 1942, “Kalymun” fired two rounds of ammunition used during operations where 525 Jews were delivered to an assembly point; fourteen Jews were shot and killed and six were wounded. Id. at . The following day, “Ivan Kalymun” shot two rounds of ammunition in an operation where policemen rounded up and delivered an additional 805 Jews. Id. In June 1943, Kalymon’s commissariat participated “in the liquidation of the Jewish ghetto” where Jews were shot or sent to forced labor camps. Id. From November 19 through 23, 1943, all UAP members in L’viv, including those in Kalymon’s commissariat, participated in massive search operations to locate and to turn over any remaining Jews in the ghetto to German authorities. Id. UAP members patrolled the streets and manned roadblocks to screen all those who exited the city. Id. In 1944, Kalymon married. Sometime after March 1944, he resigned from the UAP.