Opinion ID: 3035200
Heading Depth: 2
Heading Rank: 2

Heading: The Standard for Mandatory Detention

Text: I agree with the district court that, under Demore, mandatory detention pursuant to 8 U.S.C. § 1226(c) is not per se unconstitutional. In Demore, the Supreme Court held: Detention during removal proceedings is a constitutionally permissible part of that process. See, e.g., Wong Wing [v. United States,] 163 U.S. [228, 235 (1896)] (“We think it clear that detention, or temporary confinement, as part of the means necessary to give effect to the provisions for the exclusion or expulsion of aliens would be valid”); Carlson v. Landon, 342 U.S. 524, 72 S.Ct. 525, 96 L.Ed. 547 (1952); Reno v. Flores, 507 U.S. 292, 113 S.Ct. 1439, 123 L.Ed.2d 1 (1993). The INS detention of respondent, a criminal alien who has conceded that he is deportable, for the limited period of his removal proceedings, is governed by these cases. 538 U.S. at 531. Tijani, of course, is concerned with the application of the 1 Meanwhile, Tijani’s removal proceedings continued. On November 5, 2003, an IJ ordered Tijani removed from the United States. Tijani appealed to the BIA, which, on December 30, 2004, summarily affirmed the IJ’s decision of removal. Tijani has filed a petition for review with this court, which is not before this panel. TIJANI v. WILLIS 16281 statute to him rather than its abstract constitutionality. In particular, Tijani raises constitutional challenges to the scope of mandatory detention under § 236(a) as interpreted in Joseph.2 He argues that mandatory detention should not extend to lawful permanent residents held beyond a brief period of time because there is little likelihood that they will flee or endanger the community. He also contends that principles of procedural due process prohibit the mandatory detention of lawful permanent residents who raise substantial arguments. Even assuming that the scope of § 236(c) as interpreted by Joseph is problematic,3 it is by no means certain that Tijani is entitled to release. In addition to having been denied relief by an IJ, the BIA, and the district court, Tijani has also been found removable by both an IJ and the BIA. Moreover, con-