Opinion ID: 2816319
Heading Depth: 3
Heading Rank: 3

Heading: Johnson’s Leadership Role

Text: Enhancement Johnson argues that the District Court erred in applying a four-level enhancement under U.S.S.G. § 3B1.1(a) because the record lacks evidence that Johnson was a leader or organizer. To support this enhancement, the evidence must show that Johnson exercised some degree of control over at least one other person involved in the offense. United States v. Helbling, 209 F.3d 226, 243-44 (3d Cir. 2000). The evidence indicated that Johnson recruited his father and a friend named Andre Bruce to participate in the AOTC and FTHBC schemes, and that Johnson’s father eventually became a recruiter for Johnson and would withdraw money for him after the IRS issued refunds. Johnson also directed Bruce to destroy evidence while Johnson was on pre-trial release. Thus, the District Court did not clearly err in imposing this enhancement.