Opinion ID: 166595
Heading Depth: 4
Heading Rank: 3

Heading: the item was obtained from or belongs to the defendant.

Text: 39 Fed.R.Crim.P. 16(a)(1)(E). Rule 16(d)(2) further states that if a party fails to comply with the requirements of Rule 16, the district court may order that party to permit the discovery or inspection; specify its time, place, and manner; and prescribe other just terms and conditions; grant a continuance; prohibit that party from introducing the undisclosed evidence; or enter any other order that is just under the circumstances. Fed.R.Crim.P. 16(d)(2). In selecting a proper sanction, a court should consider the reasons the government delayed producing the requested materials, including (1) whether the government acted in bad faith; (2) the extent of prejudice to the defendant as a result of the delay; and (3) the feasibility of curing the prejudice with a continuance. United States v. Gonzales, 164 F.3d 1285, 1292 (10th Cir.1999). 40 We find that the district court did not abuse its discretion. First, after concluding that the document should have been produced, it imposed a significant sanction by prohibiting the government from introducing the proposed exhibit. The court, however, decided that an additional sanction was unnecessary since the government had only attempted to admit the document in redirect after the defense opened the door to the testimony through its cross-examination of the prosecution's undercover agent. Second, Tran failed to show prejudice in light of other testimony establishing he had received notice from his sister-in-law that large-scale pseudoephedrine sales could be illegal. Moreover, Tran's theory of defense that he learned about the hazards of pseudoephedrine sales only after the sales alleged in the indictment could have been discounted by the jury apart from the testimony about the distributor's notice. 2 As a final matter, there was no reason to believe the government acted in bad faith in failing to disclose the document. 41 Accordingly, we conclude the district court did not abuse its discretion in (1) excluding Exhibit 11 as an appropriate sanction, (2) declining to declare a mistrial as an additional sanction, and (3) allowing Agent Lawson's limited testimony about the Southwest Sales warning.