Opinion ID: 621235
Heading Depth: 3
Heading Rank: 1

Heading: State Implementation Plans

Text: The CAA requires the states to address nonattainment areas by developing an SIP that sets out how a nonattainment area will come into compliance with the requisite NAAQS. 42 U.S.C. §§ 7407(a), 7410. Generally, all SIPs for nonattainment areas must include, inter alia, (1) an emissions inventory, important for the required attainment demonstration and the related rate of progress (ROP) demonstration, that include[s] a comprehensive, accurate, current inventory of actual emissions from all sources of the relevant pollutant or pollutants in such area; (2) an attainment demonstration, developed from the emissions inventory, consisting of a technical analysis to predict whether the area will attain the NAAQS by the deadline and a control strategy for how the State plans to actually meet the standard; [3] (3) a means to measure reasonable further progress (RFP); (4) nonattainment area permit requirements for new or modified stationary sources; and (5) contingency measures to be implemented if the nonattainment area does not make RFP or does not attain the NAAQS by the required date. Id. § 7502(c). SIPs for extreme ozone nonattainment areas, such as the Valley, must include an attainment demonstration based on photochemical grid modeling [4] or any other analytical method determined by the Administrator, in the Administrator's discretion, to be at least as effective. Id. § 7511a(c)(2)(A), (e). After public notice and hearings, a state must adopt the SIP and submit it to EPA for review and approval. Id. § 7410(a). EPA must then determine whether a SIP submission is complete within 60 days of receipt. . . . [A]ny plan that has not been affirmatively determined to be complete or incomplete shall become complete within 6 months by operation of law. 74 Fed.Reg. at 33,934 (discussing 42 U.S.C. § 7410(k)(1)). EPA must then act on the SIP, either approving it in whole or disapproving it in part or in whole. 42 U.S.C. § 7410(k)(3). Once approved by EPA, an SIP bec[o]me[s] federal law . . ., and c[annot] be changed unless and until EPA approve[s] any change. Safe Air for Everyone v. EPA, 488 F.3d 1088, 1096 (9th Cir.2007). The CAA provides a private right of action for citizens to enforce an SIP by bringing a civil action in federal district court. 42 U.S.C. § 7604.