Opinion ID: 319775
Heading Depth: 2
Heading Rank: 3

Heading: Absence of Dr. Feinerman's Name from Witness List.

Text: 68 As the third and final prong of its attack on Dr. Feinerman's testimony, defense complains of the absence of Dr. Feinerman's name from the list of witnesses furnished by the Government. This presumably was furnished pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 3432: 'A person charged with treason or other capital offense shall at least three entire days before commencement of trial be furnished witn . . . a list . . . of the witnesses to be produced on the trial for proving the indictment . . ..' Even though air piracy carried, by statutory provision, the potential of a death sentence, a question is presented as to the applicability of 3432 because of Furman v. Georgia, 408 U.S. 238, 92 S.Ct. 2726, 33 L.Ed.2d 346 (1972). In the cases before the Court in Furman, which had been decided at the time of the present trial, the carrying out of the death penalty was held unconstitutional. 69 The Government, in any event, did purport to comply with the statute and we find it unnecessary to determine whether it was still required to do so. 70 Dr. Feinerman's name was not included in the witness list which was furnished since the Government had not yet received his report and, therefore, was unsure as to whether Dr. Feinerman would be called as a witness. The Government received the report on September 13, two days after the trial began, and conveyed it to defense after an intervening weekend on September 18. Dr. Feinerman testified as a rebuttal witness on September 20. 71 While the provisions of 3432, if applicable, are mandatory, Logan v. United States, 144 U.S. 263, 12 S.Ct. 617, 36 L.Ed. 429 (1892), the requirement has been held inapplicable to rebuttal witnesses. Goldsby v. United States, 160 U.S. 70, 76, 16 S.Ct. 216, 40 L.Ed. 343 (1895). As the Second Circuit noted, moreover, 'the statute was never intended to preclude the United States from making use of any material testimony discovered during the progress of the trial, and all that it exacts of the prosecuting officer is that he shall in good faith furnish to the prisoner, before the trial, the names of all witnesses then known to him and intended to be used at the trial.' United States v. Rosenberg, 195 F.2d 583, 599-600 (2d Cir. 1952), cert. denied, 344 U.S. 838, 73 S.Ct. 20, 97 L.Ed. 652. 72 In the present case, Dr. Feinerman testified only as a rebuttal witness. Furthermore, there is no indication that the prosecutor did not act in good faith. Since Dr. Feinerman's report was not prepared prior to trial, the Government was unable to determine whether he would be a witness. 73 A principal purpose of 3432 is to eliminate any element of surprise. Here, however, defense knew that Dr. Feinerman had examined defendant and that he therefore was a potential witness. Upon receipt of Dr. Feinerman's report, the defense had over two days to plan a cross-examination. Counsel's handling of the intricacies and complexities of this type of specialized testimony by the several expert witnesses they had called on behalf of Greene indicates that they could scarcely claim lack of knowledge or expertise in the area to which cross-examination of Dr. Feinerman would carry them. Under the circumstances, we cannot say that the failure to furnish Dr. Feinerman's name in the original list prejudiced defendant. 74