Opinion ID: 797970
Heading Depth: 1
Heading Rank: 2

Heading: facts

Text: 11 Perfect 10 is the publisher of the eponymous adult entertainment magazine and the owner of the website, perfect10.com. Perfect10.com is a subscription site where consumers pay a membership fee in order to gain access to content on the website. Perfect 10 has created approximately 5,000 images of models for display in its website and magazine. Many of the models in these images have signed releases assigning their rights of publicity to Perfect 10. Perfect 10 also holds registered U.S. copyrights for these images and owns several related, registered trademark and service marks. 12 CWIE provides webhosting and related Internet connectivity services to the owners of various websites. For a fee, CWIE provides ping, power, and pipe, services to their clients by ensuring the box or server is on, ensuring power is provided to the server and connecting the client's service or website to the Internet via a data center connection. CCBill allows consumers to use credit cards or checks to pay for subscriptions or memberships to e-commerce venues. 13 Beginning August 10, 2001, Perfect 10 sent letters and emails to CCBill and CWIE stating that CCBill and CWIE clients were infringing Perfect 10 copyrights. Perfect 10 directed these communications to Thomas A. Fisher, the designated agent to receive notices of infringement. Fisher is also the Executive Vice-President of both CCBill and CWIE. Representatives of celebrities who are not parties to this lawsuit also sent notices of infringement to CCBill and CWIE. On September 30, 2002, Perfect 10 filed the present action alleging copyright and trademark violations, state law claims of violation of right of publicity, unfair competition, false and misleading advertising, as well as RICO claims. STANDARDS OF REVIEW 14 We review a district court's grant of summary judgment de novo. Rossi v. Motion Picture Ass'n of Am. Inc., 391 F.3d 1000, 1002 (9th Cir.2004). Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party, we must determine whether there are any genuine issues of material fact and whether the district court correctly applied the relevant substantive law. Leever v. Carson City, 360 F.3d 1014, 1017 (9th Cir.2004). The district court's interpretations of the Copyright Act are also reviewed de novo. Ellison v. Robertson, 357 F.3d 1072, 1076 (9th Cir.2004). 15 We review a district court's decision to grant or deny attorney's fees under the Copyright Act for abuse of discretion. Columbia Pictures Television, Inc. v. Krypton Broad. of Birmingham, Inc., 259 F.3d 1186, 1197 (9th Cir.2001).