Opinion ID: 384611
Heading Depth: 1
Heading Rank: 1

Heading: enhancement of sentences under the texas controlled substances act

Text: 3 Mendiola first contends that the Texas enhancement statute, Tex. Penal Code Ann. § 12.42, should not be applicable under Texas' substantive law to convictions founded on the Texas Controlled Substances Act, Tex.Rev.Civ.Stat.Ann. art. 4476-15. We note that the United States Supreme Court has repeatedly upheld the constitutionality of this enhancement statute or its predecessor. Spencer v. Texas, 385 U.S. 554, 87 S.Ct. 648, 17 L.Ed.2d 606 (1967); Rummel v. Estelle, 445 U.S. 263, 100 S.Ct. 1133, 63 L.Ed.2d 382 (1980). Absent a claim that the statutes or their application are contrary to the federal Constitution, the relationship between section 12.42 and article 4476-15 is purely a question of state law. State courts are the ultimate expositors of their own states' laws, and federal courts entertaining petitions for writs of habeas corpus are bound by the construction placed on a State's criminal statutes by the courts of that State except in extreme circumstances, none of which are present here. E. g., Mullaney v. Wilbur, 421 U.S. 684, 691, 95 S.Ct. 1881, 1885, 44 L.Ed.2d 508 (1975); Holloway v. McElroy, 632 F.2d 605, 631 (5th Cir. 1980). 4 Mendiola presented this same argument to the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals in his direct appeal. That court specifically held that his argument was foreclosed by Young v. State, 552 S.W.2d 441, 443 (Tex.Cr.App.1977), which approved the application of section 12.42 to enhance a sentence for possession of heroin under article 4476-15. See also Chambers v. State, 601 S.W.2d 360, 362 (Tex.Cr.App.1980) (affirming conviction under article 4476-15, with an enhanced sentence); Britton v. State, 578 S.W.2d 685 (Tex.Cr.App.1979) (en banc) (affirming conviction based on article 4476-15 for possession of heroin, with enhanced sentence under section 12.42); Graham v. State, 546 S.W.2d 605, 608 (Tex.Cr.App.1977) (convictions obtained prior to enactment of article 4476-15 could be used for enhancement purposes, and such usage was not an unconstitutional ex post facto application of article 4476-15). Mendiola cites Moore v. State, 545 S.W.2d 140 (Tex.Cr.App.1977), and Ex parte Barnes, 547 S.W.2d 631 (Tex.Cr.App.1977), in support of his contention, but we note that those cases dealt with the inapplicability of the criminal attempt provisions of Tex. Penal Code § 15.01 to article 4476-15; they have nothing to do with enhancement. 5 We agree with the court below that the application of section 12.42 comported with state law, and that no federal constitutional question is presented on this issue. 1 II. THE ADMISSIBILITY OF THE PRIOR CONVICTIONS USED FOR ENHANCEMENT 6 Mendiola next contends that one of the prior convictions that was used against him for enhancement purposes was based on a defective indictment. Specifically, he alleges that the indictment failed to allege the specific amount of money taken in the theft and the name of its owner. He does not contend, however, that he objected to the introduction of this conviction at the enhancement proceedings, on this or any other ground. 7 We agree with the district court that under Texas' contemporaneous objection rule, he has thus waived his right to assert this claim by his failure to object to the introduction of the conviction at the enhancement proceeding-regardless of whether this was through a deliberate bypass of his right to object, or merely through a procedural default of his appointed counsel. We are bound to honor Texas' contemporaneous objection rule under the Supreme Court's holding in Wainwright v. Sykes, 433 U.S. 72, 97 S.Ct. 2497, 53 L.Ed.2d 594 (1977), unless Mendiola has shown both cause and prejudice within the meaning of Wainwright v. Sykes. See Madeley v. Estelle, 606 F.2d 560, 561 (5th Cir. 1979) (habeas petitioner may be barred under Sykes by counsel's failure to object to introduction of prior conviction at Texas enhancement proceeding). 8 Although Mendiola asserted in the court below that he would be able to show cause and prejudice sufficient to escape the rule of Sykes were he granted an evidentiary hearing, he at no time alleged a specific factual basis for that assertion; rather, he only argued that whatever his counsel had in mind, he personally did not intend to waive any rights he might have to object to the introduction of this conviction. Although one of his contentions is that he received ineffective assistance of counsel on his direct appeal, he does not argue that he received ineffective assistance of counsel at his trial. In these circumstances, we agree with the district court that there was no need to hold a hearing to determine whether there was cause for the failure to object to the introduction of the past conviction, or prejudice accruing therefrom, and that Mendiola is barred under Sykes from pursuing this claim on federal habeas. 9 Mendiola next contends that the introduction in the enhancement proceedings of copies of copies of his previous judgments of conviction violated Texas' evidentiary rules-specifically, that such documents, which were obtained from his pen packet instead of from the convicting courts, were inadmissible hearsay under Texas law. We cannot tell from the record before us whether an objection was made to the introduction of these documents at the enhancement proceedings; if not, this ground, too, would be foreclosed by Texas' contemporaneous objection rule and Sykes. 10 We need not remand for a determination of whether an objection was made, however. It is clear that even assuming arguendo that these documents were inadmissible under Texas' laws of evidence, and assuming that a proper objection was timely made, their admission into evidence did not drain the proceeding of fundamental fairness. 11 We have repeatedly admonished that we do not sit as a 'super' state supreme court in a habeas corpus proceeding to review errors under state law.... The mere violation of evidentiary rules by the state trial court does not in itself invoke habeas corpus relief, but only where the violation of the state's evidentiary rules results in a denial of fundamental fairness should habeas be granted.... 12 Cronnon v. Alabama, 587 F.2d 246, 251 (5th Cir.) (quoting Fifth Circuit cases), cert. denied, 440 U.S. 974, 99 S.Ct. 1542, 59 L.Ed.2d 792 (1979). We agree with the district court that Mendiola is therefore not entitled to federal habeas relief on this ground. See also Butts v. Wainwright, 575 F.2d 576, 578 (5th Cir. 1978).