Opinion ID: 711057
Heading Depth: 2
Heading Rank: 2

Heading: Exclusion of Ragasa's Testimony

Text: 31 Marbella argues the district court erred by excluding Ragasa's proposed testimony that Liguya Doan 2 told him the agents were gangsters. Marbella sought to introduce this statement to prove Ragasa paid the agents the referral fees because he was afraid of them. The district court excluded the statement because the court found it to be irrelevant. We agree. 32 Ragasa's alleged fear is not relevant to whether Marbella participated in mail fraud. Marbella had committed the mail fraud before Doan told Ragasa the agents were gangsters. Marbella was not charged with criminal activity in relation to the payment of the fees. The district court did not err by excluding the statement.