Opinion ID: 1277190
Heading Depth: 3
Heading Rank: 1

Heading: Broce Is Consistent with Wisconsin Case Law

Text: ¶ 38 The differences that Kelty seeks to draw between Broce and the Wisconsin rule of express waiver are not as clear-cut as she claims. The Supreme Court in Broce did not conclude that a guilty plea waives the right to raise a double jeopardy challenge. Rather, the Court held that a guilty plea waives the right to a fact-finding hearing on a double jeopardy challenge. Broce, 488 U.S. at 573, 109 S.Ct. 757. Thus, a plea of guilty to a charge does not waive a claim that judged on its face the charge is one which the State may not constitutionally prosecute. Id. at 575, 109 S.Ct. 757 (quoting Menna, 423 U.S. at 63 n. 2, 96 S.Ct. 241). What this means is that a court will consider the merits of a defendant's double jeopardy challenge if it can be resolved on the record as it existed at the time the defendant pled. [15] ¶ 39 Except for some unnecessarily expansive language on the need for express waiver, e.g., Robinson, 249 Wis.2d 553, ¶ 13, 638 N.W.2d 564 (An express waiver of a double jeopardy claim in a plea agreement is needed for a waiver of a double jeopardy claim.), and Hubbard, 206 Wis.2d at 656, 558 N.W.2d 126, none of the published Wisconsin cases that recognize a double jeopardy exception to the guilty-plea-waiver rule is inconsistent with Broce on its facts. In all these Wisconsin cases, appellate courts resolved any double jeopardy issue based on the record without a fact-finding hearing to supplement the record. See Multaler, 252 Wis.2d 54, ¶¶ 59, 66, 643 N.W.2d 437 (based on the record, no multiplicity violation); Robinson, 249 Wis.2d 553, ¶ 12, 638 N.W.2d 564 (multiplicity violation acknowledged by parties); Lechner, 217 Wis.2d at 413, 416-17, 576 N.W.2d 912 (based on the record, no multiplicity violation); Hubbard, 206 Wis.2d at 662, 558 N.W.2d 126 (same); Riley, 166 Wis.2d at 304, 479 N.W.2d 234 (same); Hartnek, 146 Wis.2d at 197, 430 N.W.2d 361 (same). Thus, the analysis in these cases is exactly what Broce requires: if a double jeopardy challenge can be resolved without any need to venture beyond the record, the court should decide the claim on its merits. Broce, 488 U.S. at 575-76, 109 S.Ct. 757. Otherwise, by entering a guilty plea, a defendant relinquishes the opportunity to receive a fact-finding hearing on a double jeopardy claim. See Broce, 488 U.S. at 573-74, 576, 109 S.Ct. 757. We withdraw the language in Robinson, 249 Wis.2d 553, ¶ 13, 638 N.W.2d 564, Hubbard, 206 Wis.2d at 656, 558 N.W.2d 126, and other cases that suggests that only express waiver can waive a double jeopardy claim.