Opinion ID: 106879
Heading Depth: 2
Heading Rank: 9

Heading: S. H. Kress & Company.

Text: Cases: Mitchell v. City of Charleston, post, p. 551; Avent v. North Carolina, 373 U. S. 375; Gober v. City of Birmingham, 373 U. S. 374; Peterson v. City of Greenville, 373 U. S. 244. Location: 272 stores in 30 States. Ownership: Publicly owned corporation. Number of shareholders: 8,767. Stock traded: New York Stock Exchange. 10. Loveman's Department Store (food concession operated by Price Candy Company of Kansas City). Case: Gober v. City of Birmingham, supra . Location: Birmingham, Alabama. Ownership: Privately owned corporation. 11. McCrory Corporation. Cases: Fox v. North Carolina, post, p. 587; Hamm v. City of Rock Hill, 377 U. S. 988; Lombard v. Louisiana, 373 U. S. 267. Location: 1,307 stores throughout the United States. Ownership: Publicly owned corporation. Number of shareholders: 24,117. Stock traded: New York Stock Exchange. 12. National White Tower System, Incorporated. Case: Green v. Virginia, post, p. 550. Location: Richmond, Virginia, and other cities (number unknown). Ownership: Apparently a privately owned corporation. 13. J. J. Newberry Co. Case: Gober v. City of Birmingham, supra . Location: 567 variety stores in 46 States; soda fountains, lunch bars, cafeterias and restaurants in 371 stores. Ownership: Publicly owned corporation. Number of shareholders: 7,909. Stock traded: New York Stock Exchange. 14. Patterson Drug Co. Cases: Thompson v. Virginia, 374 U. S. 99; Wood v. Virginia, 374 U. S. 100. Location: Lynchburg, Virginia. Ownership: Privately owned corporation. 15. Pizitz's Department Store. Case: Gober v. City of Birmingham, supra . Location: Birmingham, Alabama. Ownership: Privately owned corporation. 16. Shell's City, Inc. Case: Robinson v. Florida, ante, p. 153. Location: Miami, Florida. Ownership: Privately owned corporation. 17. Thalhimer Bros., Inc., Department Store. Case: Randolph v. Virginia, 374 U. S. 97. Location: Richmond, Virginia. Ownership: Privately owned corporation. 18. F. W. Woolworth Company. Case: Gober v. City of Birmingham, supra . Location: 2,130 stores (primarily variety stores) throughout the United States. Ownership: Publicly owned corporation. Number of shareholders: 90,435. Stock traded: New York Stock Exchange. APPENDIX IV TO OPINION OF MR. JUSTICE DOUGLAS. Legal form of organizationby kind of business. Reference: United States Census of Business, 1958. Vol. I. Retail tradeSummary Statistics (1961). A. UNITED STATES. Establishments Sales Eating places: ( number ) ( $1,000 ) Total .............................. 229,238 $11,037,644 Individual proprietorships .............. 166,003 5,202,308 Partnerships ............................ 37,756 2,062,830 Corporations ............................ 25,184 3,723,295 Cooperatives ............................ 231 13,359 Other legal forms ....................... 64 35,852 Drugstores with fountain: Total .............................. 24,093 $3,535,637 Individual proprietorships............... 13,549 1,294,737 Partnerships ............................ 4,368 602,014 Corporations ............................ 6,140 1,633,998 Cooperatives ............................ 9 (withheld) Other legal forms ....................... 27 Do. Proprietary stores with fountain: Total ............................. 2,601 132,518 Individual proprietorships............... 1,968 85,988 Partnerships ............................ 446 (withheld) Corporations ............................ 185 21,090 Cooperatives ............................ ....... ............ Other legal forms ....................... 2 (withheld) Department stores: Total ............................... 3,157 13,359,467 Individual proprietorships............... 19 (withheld) Partnerships ............................ 64 85,273 Corporations ............................ 3,073 13,245,916 Cooperatives ............................ 1 (withheld) Other legal forms ....................... ....... ........... B. STATE OF MARYLAND. Establishments Sales Eating places: ( number ) ( $1,000 ) Total ..................... 3,223 175,546 Individual proprietorships ....... 2,109 72,816 Partnerships ..................... 456 30,386 Corporations ..................... 628 71,397 Other legal forms ................ 30 947 Drugstores, proprietary stores: Total ...................... 832 139,943 Individual proprietorships........ 454 42,753 Partnership ...................... 139 (withheld) Corporations ..................... 235 76,403 Other legal forms ................ 4 (withheld) Department stores: Total ...................... 43 247,872 Individual proprietorships........ ...... ........... Partnerships ..................... ...... ........... Corporations ..................... 43 247,872 Other legal forms ................ ...... ............  A division into stores with or without fountains, furnished for the United States, is not furnished for individual States. [For Appendix V to opinion of DOUGLAS, J., see p. 284.] APPENDIX V TO OPINION OF MR. JUSTICE DOUGLAS. STATE ANTIDISCRIMINATION LAWS. ( As of March 18, 1964. ) (PREPARED BY THE UNITED STATES COMMISSION ON CIVIL RIGHTS.) Privately owned public accommodations Private Private Private Private State employment housing schools hospitals Alaska_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11959 11959 1962 _ _ _ _ 21962 California_ _ _ _ _ _ 1897 1959 1963 _ _ _ _ 21959 Colorado_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1885 1957 1959 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Connecticut _ _ _ _ _ 1884 1947 1959 _ _ _ _ 21953 Delaware_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1963 1960 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Hawaii_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1963 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Idaho_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1961 1961 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Illinois_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1885 1961 _ _ _ _ 31963 41927 Indiana_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1885 1945 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21963 Iowa_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1884 1963 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Kansas_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1874 1961 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Kentucky5_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Maine_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1959 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21959 Maryland6_ _ _ _ _ _ 1963 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Massachusetts_ _ _ _ _ _ 1865 1946 1959 1949 1953 Michigan7_ _ _ _ _ _ 1885 1955 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Minnesota_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1885 1955 1961 _ _ _ _ 21943 Missouri_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1961 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Montana_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1955 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Nebraska_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1885 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ New Hampshire_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1961 _ _ _ _ 1961 _ _ _ _ 21961 New Jersey_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1884 1945 1961 1945 1951 New Mexico_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1955 1949 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1957 New York_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1874 1945 1961 1945 1945 North Dakota_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1961 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Ohio_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1884 1959 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21961 Oregon_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1953 1949 81959 91951 21961 Pennsylvania_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1887 1955 1961 1939 1939 Rhode Island_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1885 1949 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21957 South Dakota_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1963 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Vermont_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1957 1963 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21957 Washington10_ _ _ _ _ _ 1890 1949 _ _ _ _ 1957 21957 Wisconsin_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1895 1957 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Wyoming_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1961 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21961 1. Alaska was admitted to the Union in 1959 with these laws on its books. 2. Hospitals are not enumerated in the law; however, a reasonable interpretation of the broad language contained in the public accommodations law could include various health facilities. 3. The law appears to be limited to business schools. 4. Hospitals where operations (surgical) are performed are required to render emergency or first aid to any applicant if the accident or injury complained of could cause death or severe injury. 5. In 1963, the Governor issued an executive order requiring all executive departments and agencies whose functions relate to the supervising or licensing of persons or organizations doing business to take all lawful action necessary to prevent racial or religious discrimination. 6. In 1963, the law exempted 11 counties; in 1964, the coverage was extended to include all of the counties. See ante, p. 229, n. 1. 7. See 1963 Mich. Atty. Gen. opinion holding that the State Commission on Civil Rights has plenary authority in housing. 8. The statute does not cover housing per se but it prohibits persons engaged in the business from discriminating. 9. The statute relates to vocational, professional, and trade schools. 10. In 1962, a Washington lower court held that a real estate broker is within the public accommodations law. The dates are those in which the law was first enacted; the underlining means that the law is enforced by a commission. In addition to the above, the following cities in States without pertinent laws have enacted antidiscrimination ordinances: Albuquerque, N. Mex. (housing); Ann Arbor, Mich. (housing); Baltimore, Md. (employment); Beloit, Wis. (housing); Chicago, Ill. (housing); El Paso, Tex. (public accommodations); Ferguson, Mo. (public accommodations); Grand Rapids, Mich. (housing); Kansas City, Mo. (public accommodations); Louisville, Ky. (public accommodations); Madison, Wis. (housing); Oberlin, Ohio (housing); Omaha, Nebr. (employment); Peoria, Ill. (housing); St. Joseph, Mo. (public accommodations); St. Louis, Mo. (housing and public accommodations); Toledo, Ohio (housing); University City, Mo. (public accommodations); Yellow Springs, Ohio (housing); and Washington, D.C. (public accommodations and housing). [For concurring opinion of GOLDBERG, J., see p. 286.]