Opinion ID: 3014466
Heading Depth: 2
Heading Rank: 1

Heading: marketing orders for California fruit tree

Text: growers provided for mechanisms for In Glickman, producers of establishing uniform prices, limiting the California tree fruits (including quality and quantity of tree fruit that nectarines, plums and peaches) could be marketed, determining the grade challenged the constitutionality of and size of the fruit and orderly regulations contained in marketing orders disposing of any surplus. Id. at 461. The promulgated by the Secretary pursuant to orders also authorized joint research and the AMAA, 7 U.S.C. § 608c et seq., that development projects, quality inspection imposed mandatory assessments on fruit procedures and standardized packaging tree growers to cover the expenses requirements – all of which were associated with the marketing orders, financed by the compelled assessments. including the costs of generic Id. advertising. 521 U.S. at 460. The Court emphasized that besides the advertising The Court determined that the decisions, the economic autonomy of the collective arrangement of the fruit tree fruit tree growers was otherwise farmers was similar to the union restricted by a broader collective arrangement at issue in Abood v. Detroit arrangement set forth in the marketing Board of Education, 431 U.S. 209 orders: (1977), and the bar association at issue in Keller v. State Bar of California, 496 California nectarines and peaches U.S. 1 (1990). In Abood, the Court held are marketed pursuant to detailed that the infringement upon First marketing orders that have Amendment associational rights by displaced many aspects of compelled assessments for a union shop independent business activity that arrangement was “constitutionally characterize other portions of the justified by the legislative assessment of economy in which competition is the important contribution of the union fully protected by the antitrust shop to the system of labor relations laws. The business entities that established by Congress.” 431 U.S. at are compelled to fund the generic 222. Similarly, in Keller, the Court held advertising at issue in this that the infringement upon First litigation do so as part of a Amendment associational rights by broader collective enterprise in compelled assessments for a state bar which their freedom to act program was constitutionally justified by independently is already the State’s interest in regulating the legal constrained by the regulatory profession and improving the quality of scheme. legal services. 496 U.S. at 13. Finding Id. at 469. parallels between the facts of Abood and Keller, in Glickman the Court concluded In addition to advertising, the that as part of the AMAA marketing 5 orders, the compelled assessments for cases involving expression by groups generic advertising of California tree which include persons who object to the fruit were ancillary to a comprehensive speech, but who, nevertheless, must marketing program, and therefore were remain members of the group by law or “a species of economic regulation that necessity.” Id. at 413 (citing Abood, 431 should enjoy the same strong U.S. at 209; Keller, 496 U.S. at 1). The presumption of validity that we accord to Court concluded that the compelled other policy judgments made by assessments pursuant to the Mushroom Congress.” 521 U.S. at 477. Act were unlike the situation in Abood, Keller and Glickman, in which: “The opinion and the analysis of the Court [in Glickman] proceeded upon Those who were required to pay a the premise that the producers were subsidy for the speech of the bound together and required by the association already were required statute to market their products according to associate for other purposes, to cooperative rules. To that extent, their making the compelled mandated participation in an advertising contribution of moneys to pay for program with a particular message was expressive activities a necessary the logical concomitant of a valid scheme incident of a larger expenditure of economic regulation.” United Foods, for an otherwise proper goal 533 U.S. at 412. requiring the cooperative activity.