Opinion ID: 2806520
Heading Depth: 4
Heading Rank: 1

Heading: the costs of compliance;

Text: (b) the energy and non-air quality environmental impacts of compliance; (c) any existing pollution control technology at a source; (d) the remaining useful life of the emission source; and (e) the degree of visibility improvement anticipated[.] 42 U.S.C. § 7491(g)(2). Pursuant to the Act, EPA promulgated its Regional Haze Regulations (the “Regulations”), which asked certain States, including Montana, to analyze sources of emissions within the State and to develop a plan to eliminate all man-made visibility impacts by 2064. See 64 Fed. Reg. at 35,714; 40 C.F.R. § 51.308. The Regulations require any implementation plan to include (1) “reasonable progress goals”; (2) a calculation of baseline and natural visibility conditions; (3) a long-term strategy for achieving “reasonable progress goals”; and (4) additional monitoring of emission sources in Class I federal areas. See 40 C.F.R. § 51.308(d)(1)–(4). After the D.C. Circuit vacated the provisions of the Regulations relating to BART determinations, see Am. Corn Growers, 291 F.3d at 6, EPA NAT’L PARKS CONSERVATION ASS’N V. EPA 9 promulgated new BART regulations in its Regional Haze Regulations and Guidelines for Best Available Retrofit Technology (BART) Determinations (the “2005 Regulations”), which revised the text of the earlier Regulations. See 70 Fed. Reg. 39,104 (July 6, 2005). EPA also published its Guidelines for BART Determinations Under the Regional Haze Rule (the “Guidelines”), 40 C.F.R. Pt. 51, App. Y (Sept. 6, 2005), prescribing five steps for application of the five statutory BART factors: (Step 1) Identify all available retrofit control technologies; (Step 2) Eliminate technically infeasible options; (Step 3) Evaluate the control effectiveness of remaining control technologies; (Step 4) Evaluate impacts (identified in § 7491(g)(2), see 40 C.F.R. Pt. 51, App. Y, § IV.D.4, 70 Fed. Reg. at 39,166) and document the results; (Step 5) Evaluate visibility impacts (measured in “deciviews,” see 40 C.F.R. § 51.301).2 Id. App. Y § IV.D. 2 “Deciview means a measurement of visibility impairment.” 40 C.F.R. § 51.301. “Each deciview change is an equal incremental change in visibility perceived by the human eye. Most people can detect a change in visibility at one deciview.” Proposed Rule, 77 Fed. Reg. at 23,992. 10 NAT’L PARKS CONSERVATION ASS’N V. EPA