Opinion ID: 203232
Heading Depth: 2
Heading Rank: 6

Heading: Totality of the Errors

Text: Vilches argues that under the cumulative error doctrine, [i]ndividual errors, insufficient in themselves to necessitate a new trial, may in the aggregate have a more debilitating effect. Sepúlveda, 15 F.3d at 1195-96. Vilches asserts that in this case, the numerous errors prejudiced his rights to a fair trial and violated due process under the Fifth and Sixth Amendments. We find these arguments unconvincing. For the reasons elaborated above, we find that even if there were errors  a question we need not answer  they were harmless. Vilches's claim necessarily fails. See United States v. Flemmi, 402 F.3d 79, 95 n. 23 (1st Cir.2005) ([B]ecause we have found that none of [the defendant's] individual complaints resulted in substantial prejudice and that most are completely without merit, we reject the final contention that his conviction was tainted by cumulative error. (quoting United States v. DeMasi, 40 F.3d 1306, 1322 (1st Cir.1994))) (internal quotation marks omitted).