Opinion ID: 65821
Heading Depth: 2
Heading Rank: 3

Heading: Interstate Nexus

Text: Finally, Barlow contends that the government failed to establish the requisite interstate nexus to support either charge. The testimony of a single FBI agent, with no apparent firsthand knowledge, that Yahoo! had no servers in Mississippi was inadequate to establish that the emails and pictures traveled in interstate commerce, according to Barlow's argument. Barlow misunderstands the statutes. Neither § 2422(b) nor § 1470 requires proof of travel across state lines. Section 2422(b) requires the use of any facility or means of interstate or foreign commerce. Section 1470 requires the same with the added specific that the obscene material be transfer[red] using that facility or means. In 2009, it is beyond debate that the Internet and email are facilities or means of interstate commerce. [18] And, it is undisputed that Barlow conducted his entire affair with Rebecca onlinethat is, using the Internetand sent her obscene material by email. The interstate nexus requirements of the statutes were satisfied irrespective of the agent's testimony.