Opinion ID: 2356269
Heading Depth: 3
Heading Rank: 3

Heading: Delay in Miranda Warnings

Text: Flanagan argues that the waiver of her rights was involuntary due to the delay between, her Miranda warnings and the statement she made around 8:30 a.m. on August 25. The record shows that Flanagan was Mirandized prior to making her 12:15 a.m. statement on August 25. Further, the circuit court found that, prior to making her 8:30 a.m. statement, Flanagan acknowledged that Rolland had read her rights to her earlier, and that she remembered those rights. In Williams, supra , we noted: This court has held that there is no constitutional requirement that a suspect be warned of his Miranda rights each time he is, questioned. See Howell v. State, 350 Ark. 552, 89 S.W.3d 343 (2002), overruled on other grounds in Grillot, 353 Ark. 294, 107 S.W.3d 136; Bryant v. State, 314 Ark. 130, 862 S.W.2d 215 (1993). There is likewise no mechanical formula for measuring the longest permissible interval between the last warning and the confession. See Barnes v. State, 281 Ark. 489, 665 S.W.2d 263 (1984); Upton v. State, 257 Ark. 424, 516 S.W.2d 904 (1974). [2] Miranda warnings need only be repeated when the circumstances have changed so seriously that the accused's answers are no longer voluntary, or the, accused is no longer making a knowing and intelligent relinquishment or abandonment of his rights. See Conner v. State, 334 Ark. 457, 982 S.W.2d 655 (1998) (citing Wyrick v. Fields, 459 U.S. 42, 103 S.Ct. 394, 74 L.Ed.2d 214 (1982)). Williams, 363 Ark. at 408-09, 214 S.W.3d at 836-37. The circuit court determined that the passage of eight hours was not so great nor Flanagan's circumstances so changed, that new Miranda warnings were required. Thus, the circuit court concluded that in light of all the circumstances, the Miranda warnings given to Flanagan prior to her earlier statement were sufficient to uphold the 8:30 a.m. statement. We agree. Viewing the totality of the circumstances, we conclude that the interval of time between the last warning and the giving of the statement did not render Flanagan's confession involuntary.