Opinion ID: 699269
Heading Depth: 1
Heading Rank: 7

Heading: the dissolution and cancellation orders

Text: 67 In summary, we have ruled on the district court's grants of summary judgment as follows. We have affirmed the district court's grants of summary judgment for CSR on SRF's federally-registered service mark Paramahansa Yogananda, SRF's trade name Self-realization, and SRF's service mark Self-realization. We have reversed the district court's grants of summary judgment for CSR on the trade names and marks for the terms Self-Realization Fellowship and Self-Realization Fellowship Church. We have not reviewed the court's grant of summary judgment for CSR on SRF's state-registered Paramahansa Yogananda service mark. 68 We now apply our conclusions about the district court's summary judgment rulings to review the court's orders dissolving the preliminary injunction against CSR and requiring the cancellation of SRF's registered marks. We first consider the order for the cancellation of SRF's registrations. 69 SRF had registered the terms Paramahansa Yogananda, Self-Realization Fellowship, and Self-Realization Fellowship Church with state and federal authorities. We have affirmed the district court's ruling that the term Paramahansa Yogananda was invalid as a matter of federal trademark law. We thus affirm the court's July 9 order to the extent that it orders the cancellation of SRF's federal registration of the term Paramahansa Yogananda. Because we have not reviewed the district court's ruling that Paramahansa Yogananda was an invalid service mark as a matter of state law, we do not review the cancellation order to the extent that it orders the cancellation of SRF's state registration for the term. However, because we have reversed the district court's rulings that Self-Realization Fellowship and Self-Realization Fellowship Church are invalid trademarks, we vacate the portion of the July 9 order that directs the cancellation of SRF's registrations for the terms Self-Realization Fellowship and Self-Realization Fellowship Church. On remand, the district court should direct the United States Patent and Trademark Office and the California Secretary of State to reinstate SRF's registrations for these terms. 70 We now turn to the dissolution of the preliminary injunction. A moving party is entitled to a preliminary injunction if it demonstrates that it is likely to succeed on the merits and may suffer irreparable injury, or that serious questions exist on the merits and the balance of hardships tips in its favor. National Wildlife Fed'n v. Burlington N. R.R., 23 F.3d 1508, 1510 (9th Cir.1994). The two tests are not separate but represent a sliding scale in which the required probability of success on the merits decreases as the degree of harm increases. See id. 71 When the district court ruled on summary judgment that each of the trade names and marks at issue was invalid as a matter of law, it followed that SRF was no longer entitled to a preliminary injunction, because it had no likelihood of success on the merits of the infringement claim for any name or mark. Because we have affirmed the district court's summary judgment rulings that Self-realization is invalid as a trade name and as a service mark and that Paramahansa Yogananda is invalid as a service mark, we affirm the district court's dissolution of the preliminary injunction to the extent that the injunction enjoins CSR from using the terms Paramahansa Yogananda and Self-realization. 72 However, we reverse the dissolution of the preliminary injunction to the extent that the injunction enjoins CSR from using Self-Realization Fellowship and Self-Realization Fellowship Church as trade names and trademarks. Because we have concluded the district court erred in granting summary judgment to CSR on the validity of these trade names and marks and the summary judgment grants were the only basis for dissolving the preliminary injunction, our reversal of summary judgment requires reversal of the dissolution with respect to these marks as well. 73 AFFIRMED in part, REVERSED in part, VACATED in part, and REMANDED.