Opinion ID: 2981906
Heading Depth: 3
Heading Rank: 2

Heading: Responsibility for Co-Conspirator Conduct

Text: When holding a defendant accountable for the actions of a co-conspirator under U.S.S.G. § 1B1.3(a)(1)(B), the district court must make particularized findings: “(1) that the acts were within the scope of the defendant’s agreement; and (2) that they were foreseeable to the defendant.” United States v. Campbell, 279 F.3d 392, 399–400 (6th Cir. 2002) (citation and internal quotation marks 5 No. 12-6252 omitted). “In order to determine the scope of the defendant’s agreement, the district court may consider any explicit agreement or implicit agreement fairly inferred from the conduct of the defendant and others.” Id. at 400 (citation and internal quotation marks omitted); U.S.S.G. § 1B1.3 cmt. n.2. Whether a defendant can be held accountable for a co-conspirator’s conduct is a factual determination which is reviewed for clear error. See id.; United States v. Dupree, 323 F.3d 480, 490 (6th Cir. 2003).