Opinion ID: 708223
Heading Depth: 4
Heading Rank: 1

Heading: Standard of Review for a Permanent Injunction

Text: 89 The district court's grant of a permanent injunction is reviewed for an abuse of discretion or application of erroneous legal principles. United States v. Yacoubian, 24 F.3d 1, 3 (9th Cir.1994) (quoting Dexter v. Kirschner, 984 F.2d 979, 982 (9th Cir.1992)). Questions of law or mixed questions of law and fact implicating constitutional rights are reviewed de novo. LaDuke, 762 F.2d at 1322. The requirements for the issuance of a permanent injunction are the likelihood of substantial and immediate irreparable injury and the inadequacy of remedies at law. Id. at 1330 (citations omitted). 90