Opinion ID: 1751551
Heading Depth: 1
Heading Rank: 3

Heading: did the trial court err when it considered a physician's affidavit as evidence of the david's health?

Text: In support of his motion for reduction of alimony, David attached a one page affidavit from his physician. In this affidavit, the doctor summarized David's past medical history and his present medical condition. The doctor also recited his advice to David: to try to refrain from any strenuous activity, not to engage in any type of activity which would be more stressful to him, to take life easy, and to continue his medications. Barbara claims that the physician's affidavit should not have been admitted and that the physician's testimony should have been by deposition because Barbara was denied an opportunity for cross-examination. Both attorneys made reference to the affidavit during the examination of David at the hearing. On direct examination, David's attorney referred to the affidavit in asking David whether he had some heart problems at the beginning of 1988. David was then asked, without objection, about his current condition. On cross-examination, David was questioned in more detail about his medical condition. He was then asked by Barbara's attorney if his condition was about the same as in 1987 when the parties were last in court. David testified his condition was worse. He was then asked if he had a doctor saying that. David testified that he did and made reference to the affidavit. He was then cross-examined about the affidavit and whether he had been told by his doctor not to do strenuous activity. David testified that he had been told by his doctor to slow down because that is where the stress was coming from. At this point in the cross-examination of David, Barbara objected to the use of the physician's affidavit claiming it put the court in a position it shouldn't be in by taking an affidavit of a doctor without any explanation by testimony or cross-examination as to what is meant. The trial court did not sustain the objection. Barbara's attorney then questioned David about his physical activities and whether his health was essentially the same between 1987 and 1991. David testified that part of his heart was now completely blocked. He also testified as to the higher doses of medication he now required. Later in the hearing, before presenting her evidence, Barbara again objected to the use of the physician's affidavit on the basis of lack of foundation and lack of opportunity to cross-examine. The trial court overruled the objection. A careful review of the record reveals that the affidavit was never offered as an exhibit in the case. It was never admitted in evidence. But since it was attached to David's motion in support thereof we will assume that the trial court considered it in reaching a decision. Given the facts in this case, we do not find that the trial court erred in considering the affidavit. It is clear that the rules of evidence apply at a hearing on a motion for the reduction of alimony. SDCL 19-9-14. The rules of evidence afford three methods of taking testimony of witnesses: (1) by affidavit; (2) by deposition; or (3) by oral examination. SDCL 19-3-1. The use of affidavits is covered by SDCL 19-4-2: An affidavit may be used to verify a pleading, to prove the service of a summons, notice, or other process in an action, to obtain a provisional remedy, an examination of a witness, a stay of proceedings, or upon a motion, and in any other case permitted by law. In addition, SDCL 15-6-43(e) provides: When a motion is based on facts not appearing of record the court may hear the matter on affidavits presented by the respective parties, but the court may direct that the matter be heard wholly or partly on oral testimony or depositions. In Dixon v. Dixon, 423 N.W.2d 507, 510 (S.D.1988), we considered the provisions of SDCL 15-6-43(e) and concluded that the admissibility of affidavits rests within the trial court's discretion. We noted that modification of support issues, which generally involve a showing of change in need or ability to pay, may properly be heard by affidavit. Id. at 512. For the same reasons, issues dealing with alimony and attorney fees may be determined in such manner. Id. citing McAlister v. McAlister, 14 N.C.App. 159, 187 S.E.2d 449 (1972); Miller v. Miller, 270 N.C. 140, 153 S.E.2d 854 (1967). We concluded that it is within the trial court's discretion to admit depositions or oral testimony in addition to affidavits. 56 Am.Jur.2d Motions, Rules, and Order §§ 22-25 (1971). However, while we conclude that the trial court is vested with this discretion, we again caution, as we did in Dixon, that a trial court would probably abuse its discretion if it used affidavits as a means of determining contested facts. As we stated in Dixon, Affidavits are unsatisfactory as forms of evidence; they are not subject to cross-examination, combine facts and conclusions and, unintentionally or sometimes even intentionally, may omit important facts or give a distorted picture of them. Dixon, 423 N.W.2d at 510, citing Brewster v. F.C. Russell Co., 78 S.D. 129, 99 N.W.2d 42 (1959). In exercising this discretion, a trial court must be cautious to prevent a circumvention of justice. Dixon, 423 N.W.2d at 510. Here the trial court did not abuse its discretion by considering the physician's affidavit because (1) the matters set forth in the physician's affidavit did not involve contested facts, and (2) the trial court's findings on the disputed facts arose solely and exclusively from live testimony. Fairly summarized, the physician's affidavit only described David's 1979 heart bypass, the failed 1986 angioplasty, David's medication and the physician's statement to David to refrain from strenuous activity and to take life easy. The affidavit did not state that David's medical condition had substantially changed since the 1987 divorce settlement. In addition, in Barbara's written resistance to the affidavit, she did not dispute any fact in the physician's affidavit. [1] The two findings of fact made by the trial court concerning David's medical condition did not involve findings of disputed fact arising from the affidavit. In its findings of fact, the trial court found that David's physical condition had continued to deteriorate since alimony was first set and that David had been told to slow down by his doctor. These findings are supported by David's testimony alone without reference to the physician's affidavit. The affidavit in this case simply supplemented David's own testimony as to his health. The trial court's consideration of the physician's affidavit in this case was not an abuse of discretion.