Opinion ID: 210871
Heading Depth: 2
Heading Rank: 2

Heading: Events After Remand

Text: 15 After we remanded the action against 3Com, E-Pass filed two new infringement actions in the district court. It filed the first new action, Case No. 03-CV-4747, on October 22, 2003, against Visa U.S.A., Inc., and Visa International Service Association (collectively, Visa). In that action, E-Pass alleged that Visa had infringed the '311 patent by using a Palm V PDA in two demonstrations in 2001. E-Pass filed the second new action, Case No. 04-CV-0528, against PalmSource, Inc., palmOne, Inc., and Handspring, Inc., on February 9, 2004. In the second new action, it made claims of direct, induced, and contributory infringement of the '311 patent based on three new PDA product lines—the Tungsten, Zire, and Treo lines—that had been introduced since the filing of the initial action. 16 On March 17, 2006, the district court granted summary judgment of noninfringement as to all defendants. SJ Order. It rested its finding of noninfringement on two independent grounds. First, it held that even under a broader construction of card, none of the accused devices could infringe the electronic multi-function card limitation. Id., slip op. at 25-34. Second, it held that E-Pass had failed to adduce sufficient evidence to support a finding that any of the defendants or their customers had practiced all of the steps of the claimed method. Id., slip op. at 17-25. Having demonstrated no instances of direct infringement, E-Pass could not prove liability for induced or contributory infringement. 17 E-Pass appeals. We have jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1295(a)(1).