Opinion ID: 318706
Heading Depth: 1
Heading Rank: 3

Heading: conspiracy to violate 656

Text: 18 Although the elements that must be proved to convict Bloom for conspiracy differ from thosenecessary to convict him for aiding and abetting, the deficiencies of the record that preclude conviction of aiding and abetting also prevent his conviction as a conspirator. To convict Bloom of conspiring with Cades, the Government must establish the existence of an agreement between them to defraud City Bank. See United States v. De Cavalcante, supra 440 F.2d at 1272. We realize that conspiratorial agreements generally are proved by circumstantial evidence; we have reviewed above the evidence that is relied upon by the Government. That evidence no more establishes criminal agreement between Bloom and Cades for conspiracy purposes, even by inference, than it does collaboration between them relevant to aiding and abetting. 19 The judgment of the district court will be reversed.