Opinion ID: 168665
Heading Depth: 2
Heading Rank: 3

Heading: Defendant’s Supplemental Pro Se Brief

Text: Defendant’s supplemental pro se brief raises the following additional issues: (1) the judgment is void for failure to comply with jurisdictional and constitutional mandates; (2) the Government failed to invoke 18 U.S.C. § 2 and 18 U.S.C. § 846 in relation to the underlying offense charged under 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1); (3) the lack of adversarial testing at the trial level deprived defendant of his Sixth Amendment right to hold the Government to its burden of proof; (4) the Government’s failure to prove cession of legislative and territorial jurisdiction by the union state of Utah over the location of the offenses renders the judgment void; (5) the probable cause determination relative to the search warrant was in error; and (6) the failure of the warrant and affidavit for the search w arrant to list the firearms and ammunition seized constituted an unconstitutional seizure of those items. Because defendant did not raise any of these issues in the district court, our review is limited to plain error. United States v. Burbage, 365 F.3d -7- 1174, 1180 (10th Cir. 2004). “Plain error occurs w hen there is (1) error, (2) that is plain, which (3) affects substantial rights, and which (4) seriously affects the fairness, integrity, or public reputation of judicial proceedings.” Id. (quotation omitted). Defendant has not shown plain error with respect to any of these six issues.