Opinion ID: 3205371
Heading Depth: 1
Heading Rank: 2

Heading: jurisdiction

Text: [1] Before reaching the legal issues presented for review, it is the duty of an appellate court to determine whether it has jurisdiction over the matter before it.3 That is so even where, as here, no party has raised the issue.4 Neb. Rev. Stat. § 25-1911 (Reissue 2008) gives appellate courts jurisdiction to review “[a] judgment rendered or final order made by the district court . . . for errors appearing on the record.” In this appeal, whether we have jurisdiction to review the district court’s order depends on whether Essex has appealed from either a judgment or a final order. [2] The term “judgment” has a very specific statutory definition in the context of appellate jurisdiction. Under Neb. Rev. 2 See Molczyk v. Molczyk, 285 Neb. 96, 825 N.W.2d 435 (2013) (court treats motion to reinstate case after order of dismissal as motion to vacate the order). 3 Williams v. Baird, 273 Neb. 977, 735 N.W.2d 383 (2007); Webb v. American Employers Group, 268 Neb. 473, 684 N.W.2d 33 (2004). 4 Wilczewski v. Charter West Nat. Bank, 290 Neb. 721, 861 N.W.2d 700 (2015). - 580 - Nebraska A dvance Sheets 293 Nebraska R eports DEINES v. ESSEX CORP. Cite as 293 Neb. 577 Stat. § 25-1301(1) (Reissue 2008), “[a] judgment is the final determination of the rights of the parties in an action.” Here, the order vacating dismissal and reinstating the case is not a judgment. It does not address or decide the merits of the action and makes no final determination of the parties’ rights. The order merely returns the case to the court’s active docket for eventual resolution on the merits. Nor was the court’s earlier order dismissing the case for want of prosecution a judgment under § 25-1301. The order of dismissal was without prejudice to a future action,5 so it had no impact on the merits of the action. Although the order dismissed the action for failure to comply with the show cause order and thus effectively ended the case, it did so without finally determining the rights of the parties, and was not a judgment. [3] We next consider whether the order vacating dismissal and reinstating the case is a final order for purposes of interlocutory appeal under Neb. Rev. Stat. § 25-1902 (Reissue 2008). An order is final for purposes of appeal under § 25-1902 if it affects a substantial right and (1) determines the action and prevents a judgment, (2) is made during a special proceeding, or (3) is made on summary application in an action after judgment is rendered.6 [4] In Jarrett v. Eichler,7 we broadly stated that “an order vacating a dismissal made within the same term in which the dismissal was granted is a final and appealable order.” Our opinion in Jarrett, however, concluded the order was final and appealable only after determining it (1) was made in a special proceeding and (2) affected a substantial right. We therefore do not read Jarrett to adopt a blanket rule that every order vacating a dismissal and reinstating a case is final and appealable. Rather, the statutory criteria of § 25-1902 must be applied to determine whether the order appealed from is final. 5 See Neb. Rev. Stat. § 25-601 (Reissue 2008). 6 § 25-1902. 7 Jarrett v. Eichler, 244 Neb. 310, 313, 506 N.W.2d 682, 684 (1993). - 581 - Nebraska A dvance Sheets 293 Nebraska R eports DEINES v. ESSEX CORP. Cite as 293 Neb. 577 We recognize that determining whether an order fits within any of the three categories described in § 25-1902 is often challenging for practitioners and judges.8 However, in this appeal, it is not necessary to decide whether the order vacating dismissal and reinstating the case fits into any of the three categories, because the dispositive issue here is whether the order affects a substantial right in the action. [5,6] Numerous factors determine whether an order affects a substantial right for purposes of interlocutory appeal. Broadly, these factors relate to the importance of the right and the importance of the effect on the right by the order at issue.9 It is not enough that the right itself be substantial; the effect of the order on that right must also be substantial.10 Whether the effect of an order is substantial depends on “‘whether it affects with finality the rights of the parties in the subject matter.’”11 It also depends on whether the right could otherwise effectively be vindicated.12 An order affects a substantial right when the right would be significantly undermined or irrevocably lost by postponing appellate review.13 Stated another way, an order affects a substantial right if it “‘affects the subject matter of the litigation, such as diminishing a claim or defense that was available to the appellant prior to the order from which he or she is appealing.’”14 In Jarrett,15 we found the order vacating dismissal and reinstating the case affected a substantial right because it destroyed 8 See, generally, John P. Lenich, What’s So Special About Special Proceedings? Making Sense of Nebraska’s Final Order Statute, 80 Neb. L. Rev. 239 (2001). 9 See State v. Jackson, 291 Neb. 908, 870 N.W.2d 133 (2015). 10 See id. 11 Id. at 914, 870 N.W.2d at 138. 12 Id. 13 Id. 14 Id. 15 Jarrett v. Eichler, supra note 7. - 582 - Nebraska A dvance Sheets 293 Nebraska R eports DEINES v. ESSEX CORP. Cite as 293 Neb. 577 an affirmative defense that was available to the defendants once the action was dismissed for want of prosecution after the applicable statute of limitations had run. Here, unlike Jarrett, there is nothing in the record to suggest the order vacating dismissal and reinstating the action affects a substantial right of Essex. To the contrary, during oral argument, counsel for Essex agreed the order here did not diminish any claim or defense that was available before the case was reinstated. [7] The order vacating dismissal and reinstating the case merely put the parties back in the same posture as before the action was dismissed for want of prosecution—working toward eventual resolution on the merits. “The fact that an order . . . may move the case forward to trial does not mean that the order affects a substantial right of the opposing party. Ordinary burdens of trial do not necessarily affect a substantial right.”16 The order reinstating the case does not affect with finality the parties’ rights in this action, and nothing in the record suggests any party’s rights will be diminished, undermined, or lost by postponing appellate review.17 We conclude on this record that the order vacating dismissal and reinstating the action is not a final order under § 25-1902, because it does not affect a substantial right.