Opinion ID: 1291207
Heading Depth: 1
Heading Rank: 4

Heading: Change of Permanent Custody.

Text: The court of appeals correctly noted that courts should only modify the custodial terms of a dissolution decree if it has been established that conditions since the decree have so materially and substantially changed that the children's best interests make it expedient to make the requested change. See In re Marriage of Frederici, 338 N.W.2d 156, 158 (Iowa 1983). This requires that the parent seeking to take custody from the other prove an ability to administer more effectively to the children's needs. Id.; In re Marriage of Whalen, 569 N.W.2d 626, 628 (Iowa Ct.App.1997). We have previously set forth the conclusions of the court of appeals, which stated that all of the reasons advanced by Tammara for awarding her physical care occurred after Michael was placed on active duty. We disagree. In ordering a change of the children's primary care, the district court found that, beginning almost immediately following the dissolution decree, Michael has maintained a persistent pattern of conduct that has served to diminish the children's relationship with their mother. He has refused to acknowledge her presence when he and the children are in her company. He has refused to allow the children to acknowledge her presence in public settings. He has inappropriately involved the children in communicating to their mother matters concerning the children's well-being that should have been discussed privately between their parents. Indeed, Michael has consistently refused to have any direct communication with Tammara throughout the period following the dissolution decree and openly avowed at trial that this behavior would continue. In In re Marriage of Bolin, 336 N.W.2d 441 (Iowa 1983), we observed: Even though the parents are not required to be friends, they owe it to the child to maintain an attitude of civility, act decently toward one another, and communicate openly with each other. One might well question the suitability as custodian of any parent unable to meet these minimum requirements. Bolin, 336 N.W.2d at 447. The district court correctly found that Michael's conduct in this regard has been a continuing blemish on his parental role. The record further reflects that, following the dissolution decree and prior to Michael's active military duty, the children's demeanor toward and respect of their mother was less than appropriate. That situation has improved substantially since their placement with their mother pursuant to the court's temporary order. In summary, as the district court concluded, circumstances have significantly changed since the entry of the decree and Tammy is presently the most effective parent to both children. We have considered all issues presented and conclude that the decision of the court of appeals should be vacated. The district court's decree is affirmed. The parties shall pay their own attorney fees on appeal. DECISION OF COURT OF APPEALS VACATED; DISTRICT COURT DECREE AFFIRMED.