Opinion ID: 197145
Heading Depth: 3
Heading Rank: 1

Heading: The First Flier. In July Winship distributed a

Text: 1. The First Flier. three-page flier, the first page of which asks rhetorically: WHAT WOULD YOU DO IF YOU GOT THE ATTACHED LETTERS? WOULD YOU BE ABLE TO FIND ANOTHER JOB? HOW WOULD YOU PAY YOUR BILLS? WOULD YOU WISH THAT THE MACHINISTS UNION HAD NEVER GOTTEN IN AT WINSHIP GREEN? The flier then advises recipients that IT'S NOT TOO LATE and implores them to GIVE [certain named managers] A CHANCE by VOT[ING] NO ON AUGUST 4. The letters, addressed individually to particular employees and dated one year after the scheduled election, comprise the second and third pages of the flier. One letter purports to be written on the Union's letterhead, complete with a reproduction of the IAM service mark (consisting of a set of machinist's tools surrounded by a gear and the IAM name)2 and the facsimile signature of an IAM plenipotentiary, Dale Hartford. 2Service marks and trademarks function to identify the source of services and goods, respectively. The difference between the two types of marks is not relevant here, and thus we will apply case law involving either form. See Star Fin. Servs., Inc. v. AASTAR Mortgage Corp., 89 F.3d 5, 8 n.1 (1st Cir. 1996); Volkswagenwerk Aktiengesellschaft v. Wheeler, 814 F.2d 812, 815 n.1 (1st Cir. 1987). 3 This missive suggests that the Union had notified Winship of its obligation, pursuant to an invented collective bargaining agreement, to terminate the recipient's employment because of her failure to pay certain assessments (e.g., union dues and an initiation fee). The other epistle, signed by Winship's director of operations, is also postdated. It acknowledges Winship's receipt of the notice and professes to inform the addressee that the company must honor the Union's request. 2. The Second Flier. The remaining piece of campaign