Opinion ID: 4154236
Heading Depth: 2
Heading Rank: 1

Heading: “As A Result Of/In Response To”

Text: There was no dispute at trial that the term “as a re- sult of/in response to” requires a causal relationship between corrective action and the discovered vulnerability. McAfee’s expert Dr. Rubin testified that Program Updates installs software updates regardless of whether a vulnerability exists and that the only requirement for update installation is the availability of an update. J.A. 2444 (“The only determining factor whether Program Updates will update software is if there’s an update available.”). In other words, the presence of a vulnerability is irrelevant to whether Program Updates installs a software update. As a result, with Program Updates 10 TVIIM, LLC v. MCAFEE, INC. there is no causal relationship between corrective action and the discovered vulnerability. We find Dr. Rubin’s testimony on this point to be substantial evidence supporting the jury’s non-infringement verdict. We also find that substantial evidence supports the jury verdict of invalidity based on anticipation. Dr. Rubin testified that the prior art anticipated the ’168 patent by initiating corrective action in response to a detected vulnerability. See, e.g., J.A. 2476 (explaining how HostGUARD discloses the “as a result of any vulnerabilities” limitation of claim 11); J.A. 2494 (concluding that S3 anticipates claim 1). TVIIM insists that the jury failed to distinguish “all” vulnerabilities from “potential” vulnerabilities. But TVIIM failed to clarify its position during claim construction. Moreover, the jury was free to credit Dr. Rubin’s testimony that HostGUARD and S3 anticipate claims 1 and 11, even in the face of opposing arguments from TVIIM. We thus find Dr. Rubin’s testimony to be substantial evidence supporting the jury’s invalidity determination.