Opinion ID: 776026
Heading Depth: 3
Heading Rank: 3

Heading: Plaintiff Class

Text: 33 Class membership may also be relevant to show an immediate likelihood of future injury. Where a named plaintiff is a member of a plaintiff class, and [members of the class have repeatedly suffered personal injuries in the past that can fairly be traced to the [defendants'] standard . . . practices, the defendant's treatment of the class as a whole must be considered to determine whether the individual plaintiff has been and will continue to be aggrieved by the defendants' [illegal] pattern of conduct. LaDuke, 762 F.2d at 1326. Here, plaintiffs provided overwhelming evidence of discrimination against the named plaintiffs as well as other, individually identified class members. That discrimination stretches back, in some instances, over ten years, and at the time of trial showed no signs of abating. The injury suffered by the named plaintiffs is sufficiently similar to that endured by the rest of the class to establish a pattern of discrimination that threatens to recur. The district court made findings of fact, which have ample support in the record, that named plaintiffs suffered repeated acts of discrimination, whether in prison or on parole. Accordingly, based on past occurrences, the threat of future injury to the named plaintiffs as well as to the class itself is both real and immediate.