Opinion ID: 795316
Heading Depth: 3
Heading Rank: 1

Heading: Count I—Mail Fraud

Text: 63 To establish mail fraud, the government must prove that the defendant: 1) voluntarily and intentionally devised or participated in a scheme to defraud; 2) entered into the scheme with intent to defraud; 3) knew that it was reasonably foreseeable that the mails would be used; and 4) used the mails in furtherance of the scheme. United States v. Hively, 437 F.3d 752, 760 (8th Cir.2006). 64 Edelmann argues that Vaughn could not remember receiving a Federal Express package or what that package contained, indicating that the government failed to prove that Edelmann used the mails. However, the government presented the testimony of four witnesses to establish this element. First, Beard testified that he requested that Vaughn obtain a list of documentation from Edelmann and that the requested documentation be sent by Federal Express. In addition, he testified that Vaughn hand-delivered to him a packet of documents that were responsive to his request. 65 Second, Vaughn testified that she received via Federal Express further documentation that Beard had requested and that she hand-delivered the documents to Beard. According to Vaughn, in February 2001, she was unable to leave her residence, so a neighbor delivered the Federal Express envelope to her. She identified Government Exhibit 2 as the Federal Express envelope that she received and testified that she sent the original envelope to Agent Dawkins. 66 Third, the operations manager for Federal Express testified that the markings on Government Exhibit 2 showed that Edelmann sent the package to Vaughn. Additionally, he testified that the employee who generated the mailing label was based at the Little Rock station. 67 Fourth, Agent Dawkins introduced Edelmann's certified American Express credit card records showing that her American Express card had been charged for mailing the Federal Express envelope to Vaughn. Based on the witnesses' testimony, we hold that the evidence was sufficient to support the jury's verdict as to Count I.