Opinion ID: 539182
Heading Depth: 3
Heading Rank: 1

Heading: The Standing of Berrio and Cortez

Text: 29 A defendant has no right to have evidence suppressed on Fourth Amendment grounds unless the breached privacy expectation was his own rather than that of a third party. See, e.g., Rakas v. Illinois, 439 U.S. 128, 133-34, 99 S.Ct. 421, 425-26, 58 L.Ed.2d 387 (1978). The defendant may demonstrate the infringement of his own legitimate expectation of privacy by showing that he owned the premises or that he occupied them and had dominion and control over them by leave of the owner. See Jones v. United States, 362 U.S. 257, 267, 80 S.Ct. 725, 734, 4 L.Ed.2d 697 (1960), overruled on other grounds, United States v. Salvucci, 448 U.S. 83, 85, 100 S.Ct. 2547, 2549, 65 L.Ed.2d 619 (1980); Rakas v. Illinois, 439 U.S. at 140-48, 99 S.Ct. at 428-33. A defendant who, at the time of the search, neither owned nor occupied the premises nor had any dominion or control over them has no standing to contest a search of the premises. 30 Berrio, far from claiming any ownership interest in or control over Johnnycake farm, contended that he was brought to the farm three days before the July 14 arrests and forced to stay there under duress (see Part II.D. below). Berrio made no showing that he was at the farm or even had any knowledge of it prior to July 11. He thus showed no expectation of privacy in the Johnnycake farm premises in May 1987. 31 Cortez fares no better. When the agents entered on May 12, they found no evidence that anyone was then in residence there. There were no clothes in the closets and no linens on the beds or in the drawers. When arrested on July 14, Cortez told the agents he had been at Johnnycake farm for 30 days. Thus there was no basis for finding that Cortez had any privacy expectation in the premises in May 1987. 32 Accordingly, we agree with the district court's ruling that only Villegas had standing to challenge the May 12 warrant.