Opinion ID: 795993
Heading Depth: 3
Heading Rank: 3

Heading: Count Two—Service in a Movement Hostile to the U.S.

Text: 37 Firishchak next contends that the government failed to prove that he served in a movement hostile to the United States, which would render him ineligible for a visa under § 13 of the DPA. Again, Firishchak stipulated to this legal conclusion, so he waived the issue. PIE Nationwide, 894 F.2d at 892. Even if the argument had not been waived, courts considering the issue have held that service in a Nazi-sponsored police unit constitutes membership in a hostile movement under the DPA. United States v. Kowalchuk, 773 F.2d 488 (3d Cir.1985) (holding that UAP service amounts to membership in a hostile movement); United States v. Koziy, 540 F.Supp. 25, 34 (S.D.Fla.1982) (same); United States v. Osidach, 513 F.Supp. 51 (E.D.Pa.1981) (same). 38 Firishchak relies on United States v. Kwoczak, 210 F.Supp.2d 638, 652-53 (E.D.Pa.2002), to argue that his UAP membership did not disqualify him under the DPA because the UAP was not named in a list of organizations considered hostile under the DPA (the Inimical List). Although Kwoczak initially held that ineligibility under § 13 of the DPA was limited to members of groups on the Inimical List, the court issued an amended opinion holding that inclusion on the list was not a prerequisite to disqualification. United States v. Kwoczak, No. Civ.A. 97-5632, 2002 WL 32137688, at -3 (E.D.Pa.2002). Moreover, Mario DeCapua, former head of the Displaced Persons Commission Security Investigations Division, testified that the Inimical List was not exhaustive, and membership in an organization that did not appear on the list could be disqualifying under the DPA, depending on the nature of the group's activities. Given the trial court's findings regarding the activities of the UAP, its conclusion that Firishchak participated in an organization hostile to the United States was proper. 39