Opinion ID: 2654019
Heading Depth: 3
Heading Rank: 5

Heading: Supreme Court Review

Text: The Supreme Court reversed this court’s reliance on Summers to affirm the judgment of conviction. See Bailey III, 133 S. Ct. 1031. The Court explained that Summers was a “categorical” rule with a “spatial dimension.” Id. at 1040, 1042. In short, a “spatial or geographical boundary can be used to determine the area within which both the search and detention incident to that search may occur.” Id. at 1042. Thus, a detention incident to search is limited “to the area in which an occupant poses a real threat to the safe and efficient execution of a search warrant.” Id. Whatever the outer limit of that area, the Supreme Court concluded that Bailey had crossed it when he traveled a mile from the subject premises. See id. (“[T]he decision to detain must be acted upon at the scene of the search and not at a later time in a more remote place.”). The Supreme Court observed that this did not mean that Bailey’s off‐site detention was necessarily unlawful. Rather, it meant that the detention’s lawfulness was “controlled by other standards, including, of course, a brief stop for questioning based on reasonable suspicion under Terry.” Id. Noting that the district court, “as an alternative ruling,” had held that Bailey was lawfully stopped under Terry, the Supreme Court “express[ed] no view on that issue,” 16 and left the matter for further consideration by this court on remand: “It will be open, on remand, for the Court of Appeals to address the matter and to determine whether, assuming the Terry stop was valid, it yielded information that justified the detention the officers then imposed.” Id. at 1043.5 We now explain why we conclude that Terry v. Ohio supported Bailey’s initial stop, but not the police actions in placing him in handcuffs.