Opinion ID: 747234
Heading Depth: 2
Heading Rank: 2

Heading: Montalvo-Dominguez.

Text: 23 As the government concedes, there was insufficient evidence to convict Montalvo-Dominguez of Count 26, charging a violation of 18 U.S.C. § 924(c), in light of Bailey v. United States, 516 U.S. 137, 116 S.Ct. 501, 133 L.Ed.2d 472 (1995). Accordingly, we vacate his conviction on that count and his sentence. We remand for resentencing. 24 Montalvo-Dominguez argues that the evidence was insufficient to support his conviction as a manager in a continuing criminal enterprise under 21 U.S.C. § 848, because the government provided no evidence that Montalvo had supervised five or more people. The defendant must exercise some sort of managerial responsibility, not just engage in a business relationship, United States v. Jerome, 942 F.2d 1328, 1331 (9th Cir.1991), though he need not necessarily be able to control those whom he organizes, United States v. Delgado, 4 F.3d 780, 785 (9th Cir.1993), nor be the ringleader of the organization. United States v. Baker, 10 F.3d 1374, 1409 (9th Cir.1993). The government did not argue to the jury that its own undercover operatives be counted as supervisees. 25 There was sufficient evidence for the jury to find that Montalvo organized Herrera and Blood to track down and kill two people in San Diego. Montalvo-Dominguez is incorrect in his contention that customers cannot count as supervisees under United States v. Delgado, 4 F.3d 780, 785 (9th Cir.1993). That case establishes that customers are not supervisees by reason of that fact alone, but does not exclude the possibility that a person could be both a customer and a supervisee. But we are unable to glean from either the evidence or the government's explanation of it in its brief in what way Montalvo-Dominguez was the organizer, supervisor or manager of any of the others on its list. All we can see is that he worked with them. That is not enough. Accordingly, Montalvo-Dominguez's CCE conviction is vacated. 26 Additionally, the government concedes that Rutledge v. United States, 517 U.S. 292, 116 S.Ct. 1241, 134 L.Ed.2d 419 (1996), holds that double jeopardy bars convictions for both continuing criminal enterprise under 21 U.S.C. § 848 and conspiracy to commit a lesser included offense of CCE under 21 U.S.C. § 846. Rutledge, 517 U.S. at ---- - ----, 116 S.Ct. at 1245-51. Because we hold that the CCE conviction must be vacated, the double jeopardy argument is moot. 27