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Analysis of iMG cells from a typical case with rapid cycling bipolar disorder. (A) Physical/mental activity of a patient with rapid cycling bipolar disorder for 3 months (case 1). (B) Gene profiling pattern of iMG cells from case 1 showed that M1 microglia is dominant in the manic state compared to the depressive state.

In vivo cryocatheter cardiac tissue ablation: (a) ICEolate cryocatheter with a 1.5-cm freeze zone was applied in a canine model to assess the in vivo performance of the SCN cryocatheter ablation system. (b) Canines were utilized and multiple spot and linear lesion sets were created endocardially via catheter introduction through the femoral vein and introduction into the right atria and ventricle. (c) ECG monitoring revealed the complete blockage of electrical conduction following ablation.

The new diagnosis of metastatic renal medullary carcinoma was discussed with the patient. Retrospective review of outpatient medical records did reveal microscopic hematuria dating eight months prior to her diagnosis. At this time her poor prognosis was discussed and she opted for systemic chemotherapy. She was started on carboplatin and gemcitabine and achieved a partial response after two cycles with regression of the kidney tumor and lung lesion. After four cycles she developed progressive osseous metastatic disease with stable systemic disease and required radiation to her right hip. She then developed spinal cord compression requiring radiation as well as systemic progression of disease. At this point she was switched to weekly paclitaxel and received four cycles before her performance status declined and she died of disease progression twelve months after initial diagnosis.

For the subcutaneous tissue implantation two incisions on either side of the midline of the rat’s back were made. A pocket underneath the skin was created by blunt dissection and the freshly mixed MTA was placed in contact with the connective tissue. The skin was sutured with 3-0 silk sutures.

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Table 2.Imaging modalities of gluteal muscle contracture.FeaturesPlain radiograph1. Iliac hyper-dense line sign along the lateral iliac cortex in anteroposterior (AP) view2. Pelvic obliquity Other signs 1. Increase in the neck shaft angle 2. Reduction in center-edge angle 3. External rotation of proximal femurMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Primary features 1. Marked atrophy of gluteus maximus2. Intramuscular fibrous band Secondary features 1. Medial retraction of the distal belly and tendon 2. Posteromedial retraction of the iliotibial tract at attachment 3. Depressed groove at the muscle-tendon junction 4. External rotation of proximal femurComputed tomography (CT) scan1. Atrophy of gluteal muscles2. Calcification and necrosis of the injection site3. Curly band of fascia4. Widened gluteal muscle clearance Ultrasonography (USG)1. Thinning of involved muscles2. Hyperechoic bands within the muscle bundles suggest fibrosis

Figure 5.Pre-operative vs. post-operative photograph of a patient with bilateral GMC who underwent endoscopic release using the two-portal technique. (A) The patient demonstrated an abducted and external rotation contracture of the right hip preoperatively where the patient was unable to cross his leg; whereas (B) immediate post-operative photograph: the patient was able to cross the legs.

Pre-operative vs. post-operative photograph of a patient with bilateral GMC who underwent endoscopic release using the two-portal technique. (A) The patient demonstrated an abducted and external rotation contracture of the right hip preoperatively where the patient was unable to cross his leg; whereas (B) immediate post-operative photograph: the patient was able to cross the legs.

Five patients (2.9%) showed signs of radiation necrosis at different times during the radiological follow-up. Only one had a “clinically significant” necrosis requiring temporal lobe resection due to mass effect; the rest were noticed on MRIs only and were totally asymptomatic.

Imaging and laboratory studies including CSF were repeatedly unremarkable. Routine genetic diagnostic testing revealed normal CGH array and no pathogenic variants were detected on the next-generation panel for 56 genes associated with CMT.2 Immunosuppressive therapy was tried without benefit.

Left eye of a 39-year-old man with acute retinal necrosis. a: Areas of confluent necrotizing retinitis and occlusive arteritis in a patient of acute retinal necrosis. b: Epimacular membrane with macular edema presenting 4 months after resolution of acute phase of ARN. c: Cystoid macular edema causing a later drop of vision to 6/24 six months after quiescence of ocular inflammation. d: Resolution of macular edema demonstrated in SD-OCT 3 weeks after dexamethasone ocular implant with oral antiviral treatment

X-ray taken for placement of a pelvic external fixator showing: disruption of pelvic ring by the force of an antipersonnel improvised explosive device. The arrow indicates combat gauze packing a severe perineal injury; silica laden soil injection by the explosion.

Hemothorax is a fatal but fortunately rare occurrence following thoracentesis. It usually results from laceration of the intercostal artery. A high index of suspicion after intervention is crucial for early detection and subsequent treatment to achieve hemostasis. Ultrasound findings of early loculated fluid reaccumulation should prompt further investigation and intervention. We will present a case of hemothorax after thoracentesis in a high risk patient and discuss the role of ultrasound in diagnosis.

Hemothorax is a rare fatal complication of thoracentesis. Population at risk can develop bleeding complications despite operator's adherence to proper technique. This case report emphasizes the role of bedside chest ultrasound as a simple screening tool for early detection of pleural fluid features suggestive of hemothorax. These findings should prompt further investigation and possible intervention to achieve hemostasis.

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. There were a 33-mm-diameter multilocular cystic lesion in the pancreatic head (arrow) and a 5-mm-diameter monolocular cyst in the pancreatic tail (head of arrow). The main pancreatic duct was slightly dilated at 4.5 mm

Palatal OMIs were loaded within 3 days after placement as the attached appliance had to be manufactured in a dental laboratory. All OMIs were used for direct anchorage. All biomechanics applied to the OMIs produced a force of >2 N and all palatal appliances worked bilaterally therefore exerting equal forces to both implants.

The NVBs were detectable in five patients on non-contrast-enhanced MRI scans and in one patient on a dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. The accessory pudendal arteries (APAs) were detectable in all patients on dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and in three patients on non-contrast-enhanced sequences. Identification of NVBs and APAs on MRI is shown in Table 2. A 3D model of Case 6 is shown in Figure 2.

The patient was discharged on oral ciprofloxacin 500 mg every 12 h for 10 additional days after intravenous hospital therapy and recovered without complications. Follow-up blood cultures became negative after 7 days of treatment. No additional cultures of the pleural fluid after drainage were performed.

Postinterventional CT images of the spleen in (a) transverse orientation with demarcation of parenchymal infarction (arrow) at the level of coil embolization (arrow head) and (b) in coronal orientation showing the demarcation zone (arrows) in correlation with the angiographic image (Fib 1b).

Each patient was followed at least six months after partial SE for events of clinically significant UGIB which was defined by typical symptoms (melaena or hematemesis) with necessity of endoscopic treatment via UGE or red blood cell transfusions. In most patients UGE for surveillance of high-risk esophageal or gastric varices was routinely performed during six months after partial SE.

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy showing (a) large-sized esophageal varices before partial splenic embolization (SE) and (b) distinct regression of varices (arrows) with scarring of the squamous epithelium eight months after partial SE in combination with endoscopic variceal ligation.

Gastric polyp. Endoscopic examination revealed a a pedunculated polyp of the gastric antrum that fit into the pylorus and b a pedunculated polyp of the gastric antrum. c Polypectomy was performed using a detachable snare over the base of the stalk. d Pathological examination revealed a hyperplastic polyp with intestinal metaplasia without malignancy

The split skin paddle technique was utilized. (A) Preoperative view: the wound located on the right leg. (B) Elevation of the ALT flap based on the oblique branch. (C) The split skin paddle technique. (D) Early postoperative view of the flap placement. (E) The appearance of the donor site after direct suturing 5 months postoperatively. (F) The appearance of the flap 5 months postoperatively. ALT = anterolateral thigh.

An adjacent perforator flap. (A) Preoperative view: the ulcerated scar located on the back of the right hand. (B) Elevation of the 2 ALT flaps. (C) Early postoperative view of the flap placement on the right hand. (D) Early postoperative view of the flap placement at the donor site. (E) The appearance of the flap 7 months postoperatively. (F) The appearance of the donor site 7 months postoperatively. ALT = anterolateral thigh.

An ipsilateral groin flap. (A) Preoperative view: the wound located on the left leg. (B) Elevation of the ALT flap based on the oblique branch. (C) Elevation of the ipsilateral groin flap. (D) Early postoperative view of the flap placement. (E) The appearance of the donor site 3 months postoperatively. (F) The appearance of the flap 3 months postoperatively. ALT = anterolateral thigh.

(A) Contrast-enhanced CT performed before steroid therapy showed increased density of mesentery (arrow head). (B) Single-balloon enteroscopy showed white villi in the jejunal mucosa. (C) Contrast-enhanced CT performed after steroid therapy showed improvement of contrast enhancement of mesentery (arrow head).

We report a case of a 64-year-old Sri Lankan Sinhalese man from North Central Province referred to Peradeniya Teaching Hospital with a history of fever of 1 month’s duration. He was a paddy farmer by profession. He had had type 2 diabetes mellitus for 10 years with poor glycemic control and was receiving mixtard insulin.

† RHC performed in 2005; first echocardiography 5 months before: PH suspected on sPAP 50 mmHg (45+5). Effort PH diagnosed (sPAP 53 mmHg /dPAP 19 mmHg /mPAP 35 mmHg after exercise) but the echocardiographic follow-up confirmed the group 2 PH suspicion. No further RHC was performed.

( A) Family pedigree marked with progressive phenotypes. ( B) Secondary structure of HSD11B2 marked with major domains and the p.R337C amino acid position. ( C) Capillary sequencing chromatogram representation of p.R337C variation in the family; arrow and asterisks marks depict the variation loci and affected individuals respectively.

A very interesting study. It highlights the increasing use of WES in diagnosing rare diseases. The authors confirm the findings of ES with Sangers and sequence both the parent and the proband. The manuscript needs editing and rearrangement of text. The paragraph on SME and AME needs/can probably be put together as the introduction. Minor grammar corrections.

Genetic analysis of the family. Mutations analysis: the patient carries two mutations (a and b) of SMARCAL1 gene. The mother carries the c.1933C > T mutation (c and d) and the father carries the c.2450G > A mutation (e and f). Arrows indicate the position of the mutations

On the floor of the nose we could extend our dissection to a limit that gives enough space for the insertion of the speculum hence creating a bilateral sub mucosal tunnel spaces (Fig. 3).Fig. 3Site of entry (blue arrows) after a bilaterally non opposing anterior septal incisions and flaps elevation

There is a possibility of a mucosal flap tear during flap elevation and silastic sheath advancement. This complication happened in 4 out of 28 cases and managed by coaptation absorbable sutures with application of a silicone septal airway splints for 2 weeks to hold both septal flaps against the underlying septum.

a Coronal CT scan shows involvement of the petrous part of the right temporal bone. The superior semicircular canal is surrounded by dysplasia. b Axial CT scan shows erosion of the labyrinth and involvement of the posterior semicircular canal. c Axial CT scan shows massive changes in the petrous part and a fistula of the superior semicircular canal

A 16-year-old girl was admitted to the neurology department because of severe headaches and skull asymmetry. The patient had begun to notice hearing loss approximately 1 year earlier. An audiogram at that time demonstrated conductive hearing loss in the right ear; the air-bone gap was 60 dB.

a Magnetic resonance imaging. T1-weighted image. b T2-weighted image. c Contrast-enhanced T1-weighted image shows a heterogeneous mass with contrast enhancement. The radiographic features of the lesion did not allow an experienced radiologist to establish the diagnosis

a Axial CT scan at the level of the cochlea demonstrates extensive involvement of the left temporal bone by fibrous dysplasia. b Axial CT scan at the level of the stylomastoid foramen demonstrates extensive involvement of the left temporal bone by fibrous dysplasia

a Axial CT scan of the temporal bone shows massive destruction of the mastoid area with external osteolysis and a fistula in the temporal area. b Axial CT scan at the level of the oval window shows massive fibrous dysplasia involving the temporal bone as well as opacification of the mastoid and middle ear cavity with ossicles destruction and stenosis of the external auditory canal

(a) Axial CT image showing the left common femoral vein appearing thread-like in size and unopacified due to suspected chronic thrombosis. Note the asymmetry with the average right size. (b) Curved reconstructed CT image showing the exact course of the collateral vein which is seen connecting the two common femoral veins. Note is made of the freely floating thrombus occupying the whole extent of the collateral and partially the common femoral vein lumen (arrow). (c) Three-dimensional (3D) volume rendering reconstructed CT image showing the collateral vein and the common femoral veins in three dimensions. (d) Virtual reconstruction of arterial phase.

A panoramic X-ray showed a large unilocular osteolytic lesion extending from her right mandibular first molar to the ascending ramus. Images also showed displacement of her right mandibular third molar and involvement of the mandibular bone base (Fig. 1).Fig. 1Initial radiography with radiolucent image located at the right side of the ascending branch of the mandible

Ameloblastoma in the presented case follows the pattern of other cases described in the literature. What makes this case report relevant is the development of ameloblastoma at week 12 of pregnancy. This fact suggests that hormones released during pregnancy are probably able to influence growth and development of odontogenic tumors.

This is the first case report in which colchicine has been used to treat AOSD refractory to biologics treatment. Colchicine treatment resulted in clinical remission of refractory AOSD and allowed a large reduction of steroid doses in this case. Colchicine should be considered as one of the therapeutic options for AOSD refractory to anti-cytokines treatment.

The patient received no antibiotics for the treatment of this left bartholinitis and the clinical course was favourable. She went home a few days later with only local care and analgesics. A cold resection was recommended by the surgeon who operated on her to prevent any recurrence but could not have been done.

69-year-old woman at the time of diagnosis with CLL. a Axial CT image of the neck obtained during arterial phase demonstrates bilaterally enlarged supraclavicular lymph nodes (thin white arrow). b Axial CT images of the chest obtained during arterial phase show multiple enlarged bilateral axillary lymph nodes (arrowheads) and mildly prominent prevascular lymph nodes (white arrow). c Coronal reconstructed CT image of the abdomen shows mild splenomegaly

76-year-old woman with chronic lymphocytic leukemia with 11q deletion and unmutated IGHV. a Axial CT images of the chest acquired during arterial phase at the time of initial presentation shows a large anterior mediastinal mass measuring up to 10 cm in its largest dimension with bilateral moderate pleural effusions. b Axial CT image of the chest obtained during arterial phase 4 months after initiating R-CHOP demonstrates significant decrease in size of the anterior mediastinal mass and improvement of bilateral pleural effusion. c Axial CT image of the chest obtained during arterial phase 4 years later demonstrates a new mass in the right sub pectoral region measuring up to 3.5 cm in its largest dimension suspicious for CLL (arrowheads). The lesion was biopsied and was consistent for recurrence of CLL

55-year-old woman with CLL treated with rituximab with pain abdomen and fatigue. a Coronal reconstructed contrast enhanced CT image of the abdomen and pelvis acquired 4 months before developing new symptoms reveals perihepatic implant with no focal liver or splenic lesions. b Coronal reconstructed images of the abdomen and pelvis reveal new focal hypodense lesions in the liver and the spleen with increase in the perihepatic implant and new pulmonary masses. Liver lesion was biopsied and histologic evaluation showed transformation into diffuse large B cell lymphoma

54-year-old man with CLL on maintenance with Rituximab with new onset pain abdomen. a Axial CT images of the abdomen obtained during portal venous phase show small focus of air under the left hemidiaphragm (white arrow). b Axial CT images of the pelvis obtained during portal venous phase show a focus of air in the mesentery (white arrow) (c). Axial CT images of the pelvis obtained during portal venous phase demonstrate thickening of the small bowel loop with a filling defect in the left internal iliac artery (white arrow). Findings were compatible with small bowel perforation

59-year-old male with follicular lymphoma was observed initially for 6 months after diagnosis but he progressed with increasing left axillary lymphadenopathy. a Axial CT images of the chest acquired during arterial phase reveal left axillary lymphadenopathy with the largest lymph node measuring 5 cm in short axis (white arrow). b Axial CT images of the chest acquired during arterial phase after 1 year on Ofatumumab demonstrate decrease in the size of left axillary lymph node which now measures less than 1 cm in short axis

68-year-old male patient with relapsed CLL on Obinitizumab. a Axial CT images of the abdomen obtained in portal venous phase demonstrates prominent left para aortic lymph node measuring 3.4 × 1.6 cm (white arrow). b Axial CT images of the abdomen obtained 6 months after therapy demonstrate complete response with the lymph node measuring 1.7 × 0.9 cm (white arrow)

A 68-year-old female with CLL with 13q deletion on watchful waiting with progression of CLL a Axial CT of the chest obtained in arterial phase demonstrates bilateral axillary lymphadenopathy with the largest left axillary lymph node measuring 2 cm in short axis (white arrow). b Axial CT of the chest obtained 3 months after initiating Ibrutinib therapy reveals significant decrease in the lymphadenopathy with the axillary node now measuring less than a centimeter in short axis (white arrow). c Axial CT of the chest obtained in arterial phase as a part of restaging examination in the same patient reveals focal ground glass opacity in the right upper lobe (double arrows) raising concern for Ibrutinib pneumonitis

Pedigree of the two families. a Family 1. b Family 2. Arrow indicates the proband. Slash lines indicate dead individuals. Squares are males and circles are females. Filled symbols represent affected subjects and empty symbols unaffected subjects. c Family 1 - NEFH C-terminal sequence showing nucleotides 2982 to 3041 (reference transcript NM_021076.3). Top: control sequence. Bottom: frameshift mutation c.3008_3009del (p.Lys1003Argfs*59). d Family 2 - NEFH C-terminal sequence from nucleotides 3006 to the stop codon of the normal transcript (reference transcript NM_021076.3) Top: control sequence. Bottom: frameshift mutation c.3043_3044del (p.Lys1015Glyfs*47)

The clinical features of family 1 and 2 are summarized in Table 1.Table 1Clinical features of patients with NEFH mutationsFamily/Patient Gender/Age (years)Age at onset (years)Initial symptomsPattern of muscle weaknessScoliosisSensory involvementPyramidal signsAdditional clinical signsAmbulationUL (prox)UL (dist.)LL (prox.)LL (dist.)ULLL1 / II – 1F/7040Waling difficulties++++++++++−++YesBrisk achilean reflexesNoBedridden1 / II – 5M/6838Walking difficulties−++++−−+NoAreflexia 4 limbsNoAmbulant without help1 / III – 2F/5530Walking difficulties−−++++−−+NoAchilles tendon areflexiaNoAmbulant without help1 / III – 3F/5115Feet dysesthesiaWalking difficulties at age 27−++++++−−+NoHypophoniaAmbulant With a walker1 / III – 4M/5030Walking difficulties−+++++−−+Vibration hypoesthesiaNoNoAmbulant without helpI / III - 5M/4943Walking difficulties−+++−−+NoAchilles tendon areflexiaNoAmbulant without help1 / III - 6F/4640Walking difficulties−−+++−−NoNoLL areflexiaNoAmbulant without help1 / III - 7F/4434Walking difficulties−−+++++−−Distal pinprick hypoesthesiaYesSpread of patellar reflexesNoAmbulant with one can1 / IV - 1M/2315Running difficulties−−−+−−−YesBrisk reflexes in 4 limbsNoAmbulant without help1 / IV – 5F/23−Asymptomatic−−−−−−−NoLL areflexiaNoAmbulant1 / IV - 6M/17−Asymptomatic−−−−−−−NoAchilles tendon areflexiaNoAmbulant2 / II - 1M/235Walking difficulties++++++++−+NoAreflexiaGastroparesisAmbulant without helpM = male. F = female. Y = years. - = absent. + = mild. ++ = moderate. +++ = severe. UL = upper limb. LL = lower limb. Prox = proximal. Dist = distal

Nerve biopsy of patient II-1 of family 1 showed signs of chronic denervation with no inflammatory infiltrates or vascular abnormalities. There was evidence of metachromatic staining of the Schwann cells. Muscle biopsy of patient III-3 of family 1 showed signs of chronic denervation associated with reinnervation. Some mitochondrial abnormalities were observed with mitochondrial loading in some fibers and three muscle fibers were Cox negative. Muscle biopsy of patient III-4 of family 1 showed muscle fiber atrophy with signs of chronic denervation and reinnervation. Cox staining was normal. Nerve biopsy of the same patient showed the rarefaction of large myelinated fibers and some fibers with thin myelin sheath (Additional file 1: Figure S1). There were no signs of inflammatory deposits or Congo red staining. Muscle biopsy of patient III-7 of family 1 showed muscle atrophy with signs of denervation following a fascicular distribution. Muscle biopsy of patient II-1 of family 2 showed atrophy and grouping of muscle fibers suggestive of neurogenic pattern. There were no mitochondrial abnormalities. Cox staining was normal.

Superficial peroneal sensory nerve biopsy (case III4): Semi-thin section. A. Note the rarefaction of large myelinated fibers. B. Several fibers have a thin myelin sheath (arrowhead) and some of them present myelin sweling (arrow). (Original magnification ×100). (PNG 947 kb)

Intraoperative aspect and histopathology of the posterior mitral valve leaflet. a. Intraoperative aspect of the MVA on the posterior mitral leaflet (arrow). b. The excised MVA was a part of the mid-posterior leaflet (P2). c. The excised MVA measured 6 mm in diameter

A 61-year-old female patient with lumbosacral tuberculosis with L5–S1 intervertebral lesion who also underwent posterior intervertebral space debridement with annular bone graft fusion and fixation. a-f Preoperative images. Preoperative computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging showed bone destruction and extensive flow abscess (c–f). g-j Postoperative radiographs. Postoperative CT in the coronal and sagittal planes at 18 months showed a good position of internal fixation and excellent intervertebral bone fusion

Patient 3 was a sporadic case in which a heterozygous G to C transition at nucleotide position 557 was identified in exon 2 of RUNX2 (Fig 3A). This mutation resulted in arginine 186 convert to threonine. Patient 4 was also a sporadic case. A heterozygous mutation 673C to T in exon 3 of RUNX2 gene was detected in this patient (Fig 3A). This mutation resulted in arginine to tryptophan transition at amino acid position 225 in the Runt domain.

The interface between the connector and the tube during 60 min of blood circulation was observed after a careful rinse with phosphate-buffered saline (Fig. 3).Fig. 3Observation of thrombus formation at the connector interfaces. The lumen was washed 3 times with phosphate-buffered saline after 1 h of blood circulation. Black arrows indicate the direction of blood flow. a Connector without tapers. b Connector with tapers

Observation of thrombus formation at the connector interfaces. The lumen was washed 3 times with phosphate-buffered saline after 1 h of blood circulation. Black arrows indicate the direction of blood flow. a Connector without tapers. b Connector with tapers

CHEK2 mutation. (A) Sanger sequencing of p.R474C mutation from patient siblings. (B) Structure of inactive CHK2 homodimer (PDB code: 3i6w). Most residues in the activation segment are disordered and invisible. (C) Enlarged view of the salt bridge between p.R474 and p.E394. (D) Structure of active CHK2 homodimer with ADP (PDB code: 2cn5). The activation segment is visible and swapped. (E) Enlarged view of the interchain salt bridge between p.R474 and p.E394. The molecular graphics were generated with UCSF Chimera (Pettersen et al. 2004).

Photomicrograph (hematoxylin and eosin ×200). Left panel shows bland spindle-shaped cells with oval vesicular nuclei and cytoplasmic processes arranged in sheets and swirls. Right panel shows nuclear and cytoplasmic positivity for S100 on immunohistochemical staining

Surgical handling revealed both materials to readily hydrate with BMA which improved handling. The defects were easily filled with the graft materials. All animals recovered uneventfully and were healthy throughout the study. All wounds healed without complication and no adverse reactions were noted during harvest of the femurs.

(A) CA 19‐9 and radiologic response in a patient with metastatic pancreatic cancer found to have BRCA2 mutation and treated with irinotecan and cisplatin; (B) CA 19‐9 and radiologic response in a patient with metastatic pancreatic cancer treated with ALK inhibitors crizotinib and ceritinib; (C) CA 19‐9 and radiologic response in a patient with unresectable cholangiocarcinoma treated with pembrolizumab. Pre and Post indicate pretherapy and posttherapy scans. Arrows mark the index lesions that were most easy to demonstrate and compare on the scans.

The hypofibrinogenemia was observed on repeated coagulometric measurements as well as by physical measurement using the Millar heat-precipitation method based on the ability of fibrinogen to precipitate at 56 °C . This method confirmed the severe hypofibrinogenemia with an almost undetectable fibrinogen precipitation band.

Ideas for new treatment options for BRAF-mutated CRCs concentrate on targeting the BRAF mutation because this mutation is blamed for the bad prognosis. Oncologists specializing in gastrointestinal tumors were lucky because the emerging therapy that they were seeking had already been invented to treat BRAF-mutated malignant melanoma under the name of “BRAF inhibitors.” Even the BRAF inhibitor treatment for CRCs is being debated currently and many clinical trials with preclinical studies are ongoing; this treatment is not approved by any authorized association. This case report presents our experience with a multidisciplinary treatment approach based on the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib in a 59-year-old male with metastatic BRAF V600E mutant right colon adenocarcinoma.

a Hysteroscopic image of an undifferentiated embryo in the cervical canal suggesting cervical pregnancy. b Hysteroscopic image immediately after the curettage of the products of conception in the uterus. c Hysteroscopic image after completion of the curettage procedure showing the uterine cavity

G‐banded chromosome analysis of the cultured amniotic fluid cells. The karyotype demonstrated an unbalanced 10q;17q translocation with the formation of a derivative chromosome 10. Note the terminal 17q trisomy (17q22–17qter) at the bottom of the derivative chromosome 10 (arrow).

Histopathology of the primary gastric tumor. a Hematoxylin and eosin stain; original magnification ×100. Atypical cells with cytoplasmic mucin are diffusely invading the gastric mucosa. b Hematoxylin and eosin stain; original magnification ×400. Round-shaped cells with cytoplasmic mucin vacuoles and eccentrically placed nuclei are components of signet-ring-cell carcinoma (rectangle). Cells with a high nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio are components of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (oval)

Medical history of patientAge of patient at the time of bone harvestingHistory of periodontal diseaseSmoking statusSite of augmentation Dental situation at the site of augmentation (tooth gap or free dental arch)Intra-operative complicationsPost-operative complicationsManagement of complications Date of implant placement

The indication for augmentation of the alveolar ridge defect was evaluated on the basis of a careful clinical examination with oral inspection and the use of dental casts and a radiological examination using panoramic radiographs to observe the height of the alveolar ridge and to identify structures of risk like the mandibular canal or the maxillary sinus. All the patients were informed in advance that bone grafting was necessary prior to implant placement.

Cortical steroids were administered for the first two postoperative days. A postoperative 10-day cycle of antibiotic therapy (amoxicillin 1000 mg TID) was administered. Analgesics were administered as required. Sutures were removed 15 days after surgery. A soft diet was recommended for the first 2 weeks.

Figure 1Noncalcified plaque with zero calcium score. Thirty-eight-year old woman; A and B) multiplanar reconstructions showing considerable lumen reduction in anterior descending artery (DA); C) Tridimensional reconstruction showing impairment in DA (yellow arrow).

Noncalcified plaque with zero calcium score. Thirty-eight-year old woman; A and B) multiplanar reconstructions showing considerable lumen reduction in anterior descending artery (DA); C) Tridimensional reconstruction showing impairment in DA (yellow arrow).

Graft and conducted healing on a rabbit of group 2. A. Conducted healing (arrow) and graft covered with a tie-over dressing (*). B. Conducted healing (large arrow) and removed scab (strait arrow) after seven days. C. Conducted healing (arrow) showing complete skin regeneration with signs of contraction and circumscriptive radial extremities (35 days). D. Skin graft (arrow) with a clear scar and open radial extremities (35 days)

Sublingual/submandibular space abscess. Axial contrast-enhanced CT image through the floor of the mouth demonstrates extensive subcutaneous fat stranding and inflammatory changes centred within the right submandibular and sublingual spaces. A well-circumscribed fluid-attenuating collection is present within the right sublingual space consistent with early abscess formation (*)

The study was a retrospective case series in which 305 patients (47 males and 258 females) treated between December 2011 and June 2014 were measured for vertebral rotation by a ScolioGold Therapist using the Scoliometer in a standardised forward-bend position at the beginning and end of a 4-week intensive course of ScolioGold treatment.

After a six-month treatment period the kyphosis Cobb angle was reduced to 70° and lordosis improved to 57°. A recent x-ray (October 2015) showed another improvement in the sagittal plane with thoracic kyphosis measuring 640 and lumbar lordosis 550. Lumbar curvature decreased to 120 and vertebral rotation to 1. The quality-of-life score showed improvement with a score of 4.5 on the SRS 22. Pain score diminished to 2. Trunk deviation improved by 2.2 cm.

A Caucasian male aged 14 years attending an orthodontic clinic for a routine assessment presented with an incidental radiographic finding. A well-defined calcified mass was visible at the apex of the maxillary right permanent canine on the orthopantomogram (OPG) radiograph (Figure 1).

Radiological and endoscopic ultrasonographic findings for case 1. a CECT revealed a hypovascular tumor in the uncus of the pancreas (red circle). b PET-CT revealed that 18 F-FDG accumulation was within normal range. c EUS revealed a 22-mm hypoechoic lesion in the uncus of the pancreas (red arrows)

After psychiatric review in our emergency department he was transferred to a closed seclusion room on the psychiatric ward. He scored maximally on the Dynamic Appraisal of Situational Aggression (DASA) scale . Droperidol 25 mg and lorazepam 2 mg were administered intramuscularly four times a day under physical restraint. His vital signs were measured every 4 hours; they remained within normal limits and no extrapyramidal side effects were observed.

Results of Microarray CGH analysis were confirmed by FISH. FISH analysis of metaphase cells using BAC probes from 7p21.1 (RP11-5G13) and 7p2.1 (RP11-425P5) confirmed the presence of a duplication in the 7p22.1p21.1 region. Metaphase FISH excluded unbalanced translocation. Additional FISH analysis of interphase nuclei using a BAC probe from 15q24.1 (RP11-414J4) confirmed a duplication of the 15q24.1 region.

Conventional AP (A) and lateral (B) radiographs taken 6 years after extraarticular resection for an osteosarcoma of the distal femur in a 46-year-old female patient. The defect was reconstructed with an uncemented HA-coated MUTARS® distal femoral replacement with a PEEK-OPTIMA® locking mechanism. The postoperative course was uncomplicated and no further procedures were undertaken.

Computed tomography scans and CA19-9 serum level evaluation during treatment. a Basal computed tomography scan evaluation; spleen and lung lesions are evident. b Computed tomography evaluation after six courses of cisplatin-gemcitabine; no significant changes in lung and spleen lesion were observed. c Computed tomography evaluation after 4 months of gemcitabine maintenance therapy revealed a complete remission of spleen lesions and a significant regression of lung metastases. d Computed tomography evaluation showing disease progression after 10 months of maintenance therapy. e CA19-9 serum levels through time since first diagnosis

We present here the case of a 37-year-old primigravida who went to high-risk obstetrics consultations at our centre because of having a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) in an opportune cytology screening during the first three months of her pregnancy. There was no medical history of interest.

We report a unique case of MRT in an adult renal allograft recipient after kidney transplantation with characteristic histologic features and loss of INI1 expression. This report highlights the importance of the criteria for selection of donors to screen possible malignant tumors transmission in living and dead donor transplants.

(A) CT imaging showing irregular prostate margins with possible extracapular spread. (B) Octreotide SPECT showing the presence of octreotide-avid pulmonary metastases. (C) Diffusion-weighted MRI imaging with ADC at 550 mm2/s. (D) T2-weighted MRI showing extensive signal abnormality of the prostate with extracapsular spread.

Gross pathology. a Macroscopic findings showed a right ovarian tumor with cystic and solid portion measuring 18 × 15 × 11 cm. b Microscopic findings showed moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma in both ovaries on hematoxylin and eosin staining (magnification ×200)

The two parents were further subjected to WGRS. Paired-end sequencing libraries with an insert size of 600 bp were prepared as described . The nucleotide sequences were determined using massively parallel sequencing by synthesis on an Illumina HiSeq2000 (Illumina) in paired-end 93 bp mode.

Five patients with NSCLC were enrolled on this pilot study. An additional patient was screened but did not enroll on the protocol secondary to progression of disease. There were four males and one female. Median age was 61 years old (range from 54–70). Four patients had stage IIIA NSCLC and one patient had stage I NSCLC. The median dose of radiotherapy received was 68 Gy (range from 54–70). Four patients received concurrent chemotherapy together with radiation therapy. All patients completed their prescribed dose of therapy. All imaging tests and PFTs were completed in all five patients at pretreatment and immediately following completion of therapy.

She was referred to the cardiology unit of LRH for further evaluation. At LRH contrast echocardiogramme was performed which showed evidence of pulmonary arteriovenous fistula. The finding at cardiac catheterization was compatible with bilateral diffuse pulmonary AVMs. Due to the diffuse nature of the pulmonary AVM she was managed conservatively.

MRI abdomen (Fig. 1) showed changes of chronic parenchymal liver disease with multiple nodules in both lobes of the liver. The nodules were hyperplastic with low T2 signal intensity. A 47 × 45 mm size nodule was seen in the right lobe of the liver. A liver biopsy was not done due to the risk of bleeding in the presence of multiple AVMs. MRI brain done to identify any cerebral vascular malformation was normal.Fig. 1Magnetic resonance imaging showing multiple nodules in the liver

This is a classical case of HHT with hyperandrogenaemic features. This probably could be the first reported case with hyperandrogenaemia secondary to hepatic AVM leading to shunting of blood leading to underclearance of proandrogenic metabolites from the circulation.

All surgeries were performed via laparotomy through a midline incision and under general anesthesia; they were all performed by the same medical staff. Mechanic bowel preparation was not used; all patients were asked to keep an oral liquid diet for five days prior to surgery. All rectal stumps were assessed by barium enema and the remaining of the colon screened by colonoscopy. No protective colostomy or ileostomy was performed in this series.

We experienced a rare case of CAE associated with penetrating lung injury. The clinical course suggested that the PPV in the intensive care unit was strongly involved in the occurrence of CAE. A definitive diagnosis of CAE is often delayed. Clinicians should note that mechanical ventilation can potentially result in delayed‐onset CAE in penetrating lung injury.

To the best of our knowledge our case is the first reported case of SCCOHT which developed after two months of ovarian stimulation for IVF and had a grave prognosis with the patient passing away within one-month after first symptom and three months after ovarian stimulation for IVF.

MRI of a patient with siderosis showing hemosiderin deposition along the vestibulocochlear nerves. The image on the left is an axial gradient-echo (GRE) T2*-weighted sequence. The image on the right is an axial T2-weighted image. Both figures are through the internal auditory canals. The study was performed on a 1.5-Tesla strength MR.

We describe herein an 8-year-old patient with bilateral SCFE. He was diagnosed with hypothyroidism during the examination for possible SCFE after 4 years of slow growth. We also reviewed the literature for other cases of SCFE with hypothyroidism versus those with SCFE alone.

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