What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
Note that if an individual is listed by name, but their appearance in the case is as a government official, then they should be counted as a government rather than as a private person. For example, in the case "Billy Jones & Alfredo Ruiz v Joe Smith" where Smith is a state prisoner who brought a civil rights suit against two of the wardens in the prison (Jones & Ruiz), the following values should be coded: number of appellants that fall into the category "natural persons" =0 and number that fall into the category "state governments, their agencies, and officials" =2. A similar logic should be applied to businesses and associations. Officers of a company or association whose role in the case is as a representative of their company or association should be coded as being a business or association rather than as a natural person. However, employees of a business or a government who are suing their employer should be coded as natural persons. Likewise, employees who are charged with criminal conduct for action that was contrary to the company policies should be considered natural persons.
If the title of a case listed a corporation by name and then listed the names of two individuals that the opinion indicated were top officers of the same corporation as the appellants, then the number of appellants should be coded as three and all three were coded as a business (with the identical detailed code). Similar logic should be applied when government officials or officers of an association were listed by name.
Your specific task is to determine the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives". If the total number cannot be determined (e.g., if the appellant is listed as "Smith, et. al." and the opinion does not specify who is included in the "et.al."), then answer 99.

Opinion:
Robert Malvais BRADY, Appellant, v. UNITED STATES of America, Appellee.
No. 216-70.
United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit.
Oct. 26, 1970.
Carl N. Kelly, Wichita, Kan. (Leo H. Smith, Denver, Colo., on the brief), for appellant.
John A. Babington, Asst. U. S. Atty. (Victor R. Ortega, U. S. Atty., with him on the brief), for appellee.
Before BREITENSTEIN, SETH, Circuit Judges, and TEMPLAR, District Judge.
PER CURIAM.
This is a direct appeal from the District of New Mexico where appellant, charged with escape in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 751(a), was convicted by a jury.
In 1959 appellant pled guilty to a kidnapping charge and was sentenced to a long term of imprisonment. In a prior 28 U.S.C. § 2255 proceeding, this court affirmed the holding that the plea of appellant was voluntary, Brady v. United States, 404 F.2d 601 (10th Cir.), and the Supreme Court affirmed, 397 U.S. 742, 90 S.Ct. 1463, 25 L.Ed.2d 747.
In August 1969 appellant Brady was taken to Albuquerque, New Mexico, under a writ of habeas corpus adtestificandum to testify in a State case. He there escaped from the county jail and was recaptured a few days later. He was charged for this escape in this action and upon conviction he was sentenced to a five year term to be served consecutively to the kidnapping sentence he was serving.
As a defense to the escape charge appellant sought to show that a fellow inmate at Leavenworth Penitentiary, who was a convicted murderer, had threatened him, and appellant feared for his life to such an extent that he escaped rather than face the return to Leavenworth. Defendant did not testify himself, but a fellow inmate did so and related the story and the threat. The defendant the day of the trial wished to have another inmate testify, and asked a continuance to have a writ issue to have him brought from Leavenworth to Albuquerque. This request was refused.
Appellant’s first point on appeal is that the trial court abused its discretion in refusing to issue a writ of habeas corpus ad testificandum for the second witness, and in denying the motion for continuance. The granting of an application for a writ of habeas corpus ad testificandum rests in the sound discretion of the trial court. United States v. Reed, 413 F.2d 338 (10th Cir. 1969). While the witness that defendant did not produce might have been persuasive, his testimony could have done no more than provide the same information as testified to by the first witness. Under the circumstances it was not an abuse of discretion for the trial judge to deny the continuance on the ground that the testimony of the proposed witness would be cumulative.
Defendant’s second point is that he was denied effective assistance of counsel. The requirement of effective assistance of counsel does not mean merely the presence of counsel. Brubaker v. Dickson, 310 F.2d 30 (9th Cir. 1962). On the other hand, it does not mean victorious or flawless counsel. The complaint as to counsel here concerns the question whether arrangements should have been made at an earlier date to have a writ issue for the second witness when a letter was received by the attorney relating to the willingness of the witness to testify. Taking the record as a whole, the other testimony available, and noting the diligence of counsel in pursuing the defense despite the absence of a crucial element in defendant’s case, it certainly cannot be said that this trial was a sham or a farce.
Accordingly, we affirm.

Question: What is the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives"? Answer with a number.

Choices:

Answer: 0