What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
Note that if an individual is listed by name, but their appearance in the case is as a government official, then they should be counted as a government rather than as a private person. For example, in the case "Billy Jones & Alfredo Ruiz v Joe Smith" where Smith is a state prisoner who brought a civil rights suit against two of the wardens in the prison (Jones & Ruiz), the following values should be coded: number of appellants that fall into the category "natural persons" =0 and number that fall into the category "state governments, their agencies, and officials" =2. A similar logic should be applied to businesses and associations. Officers of a company or association whose role in the case is as a representative of their company or association should be coded as being a business or association rather than as a natural person. However, employees of a business or a government who are suing their employer should be coded as natural persons. Likewise, employees who are charged with criminal conduct for action that was contrary to the company policies should be considered natural persons.
If the title of a case listed a corporation by name and then listed the names of two individuals that the opinion indicated were top officers of the same corporation as the appellants, then the number of appellants should be coded as three and all three were coded as a business (with the identical detailed code). Similar logic should be applied when government officials or officers of an association were listed by name.
Your specific task is to determine the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives". If the total number cannot be determined (e.g., if the appellant is listed as "Smith, et. al." and the opinion does not specify who is included in the "et.al."), then answer 99.

Opinion:
Burton Donald WOODS, Appellant, v. Jack DUGAN, Official Court Reporter, Appellee.
No. 81-1856.
United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit.
Submitted Sept. 25, 1981.
Decided Oct. 1, 1981.
Burton Donald Woods, pro se.
Donald J. Weyerich, Sp. Asst. County Counselor, Clayton, Mo., for appellee.
, Before HEANEY, HENLEY and McMIL-LIAN, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM.
Burton Donald Woods appeals the district court’s order granting defendant’s motion to dismiss his complaint, 519 F.Supp. 749. We vacate the order and remand to the district court for further proceedings.
Woods, a Missouri state prisoner whose conviction is on appeal in state court, brought an action under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 against the court reporter, alleging that the reporter’s eleven month delay in preparing a trial transcript violated his rights under the eighth and fourteenth amendments. Appellant sought damages and declaratory relief.
On June 29, 1981 defendant responded to the complaint by filing a motion to dismiss, alleging (1) failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted; (2) qualified immunity; (3) impropriety of declaratory relief; and (4) the commencement of a malicious and frivolous action, justifying dismissal under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(d). Defendant’s motion was accompanied by an affidavit to support the claim of qualified immunity.
In a July 6 letter to the district court, appellant stated that he had become aware that he should respond to the motion to dismiss, cited two cases on which he relied, and sought appointment of counsel to assist him in preparing a response. He also requested an extension of time within which to respond.
On August 3, 1981 the district court, without referring to the request for an extension of time, declined to appoint counsel and dismissed the complaint after concluding, on the basis of the affidavit filed in support of defendant’s motion to dismiss, that defendant was entitled to a qualified immunity. Woods now appeals from the district court’s order of dismissal.
Under Rule 12(b) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, a motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted must be treated as a motion for summary judgment when matters outside the pleadings are presented and not excluded by the trial court. Fed.R. Civ.P. 12(b); e. g., Mazaleski v. Treusdell, 562 F.2d 701 (D.C.Cir.1977); Abramson v. Mitchell, 459 F.2d 955 (8th Cir. 1972). Thus, if the defendant files an affidavit in support of his motion to dismiss, the district court must treat the motion as one for summary judgment-unless it decides to exclude the affidavit in considering the motion. E. g., Dayco Corp. v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., 523 F.2d 389 (6th Cir. 1975). Because the district court considered the supporting affidavit in ruling on the defense motion in the instant case, the motion for dismissal of the complaint was in effect converted to a motion for summary judgment, and we must review the order granting the motion as one granting summary judgment. E. g., Basel v. Knebel, 551 F.2d 395 (D.C.Cir.1977); Potrero Hill Community Action Committee v. Housing Authority, 410 F.2d 974 (9th Cir. 1969).
When a motion to dismiss is treated as a motion for summary judgment, Rule 12 provides for its disposition pursuant to Rule 56. Fed.R.Civ.P. 12(b). Rule 12 further provides that “all parties shall be given reasonable opportunity to present all material made pertinent to such a motion by Rule 56.” Id.; e. g., Jablon v. Dean Witter & Co., 614 F.2d 677 (9th Cir. 1980); Murphy v. Inexco Oil Co., 611 F.2d 570 (5th Cir. 1980).
From the record available to us, it appears that the district court may have granted the motion to dismiss without giving appellant adequate notice and opportunity to controvert the claims presented by defendant. Appellant’s discussion of the two cases cited in his letter of July 6 to the district court did not fall within the materials contemplated by Rule 56. See State v. Peterson, Lowry, Rail, Barber & Ross, 585 F.2d 454 (10th Cir. 1978). The “material made pertinent” by that rule includes, inter alia, opposing affidavits, but does not include mere discussion of cases cited in correspondence with the district court. See State v. Peterson, Lowry, Rail, Barber & Ross, supra, 585 F.2d at 457; Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(c). Because we are unable to find that appellant was given an opportunity to respond to the motion to dismiss, we vacate the district court’s order and remand the case for proceedings consistent with our decision.
Since we are remanding it is unnecessary to appoint counsel on appeal, and we decline to do so. Our decision in this regard, however, is without prejudice to appointment of counsel in subsequent proceedings in the district court if the court finds that appointment is indicated.

Question: What is the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives"? Answer with a number.

Choices:

Answer: 0