What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
Note that if an individual is listed by name, but their appearance in the case is as a government official, then they should be counted as a government rather than as a private person. For example, in the case "Billy Jones & Alfredo Ruiz v Joe Smith" where Smith is a state prisoner who brought a civil rights suit against two of the wardens in the prison (Jones & Ruiz), the following values should be coded: number of appellants that fall into the category "natural persons" =0 and number that fall into the category "state governments, their agencies, and officials" =2. A similar logic should be applied to businesses and associations. Officers of a company or association whose role in the case is as a representative of their company or association should be coded as being a business or association rather than as a natural person. However, employees of a business or a government who are suing their employer should be coded as natural persons. Likewise, employees who are charged with criminal conduct for action that was contrary to the company policies should be considered natural persons.
If the title of a case listed a corporation by name and then listed the names of two individuals that the opinion indicated were top officers of the same corporation as the appellants, then the number of appellants should be coded as three and all three were coded as a business (with the identical detailed code). Similar logic should be applied when government officials or officers of an association were listed by name.
Your specific task is to determine the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives". If the total number cannot be determined (e.g., if the appellant is listed as "Smith, et. al." and the opinion does not specify who is included in the "et.al."), then answer 99.

Opinion:
BEACH v. UNITED STATES.
No. 8561.
United States Court of Appeals District of Columbia
On Mandate of the Supreme Court.
Decided June 18, 1945.
Mr. James R. Kirkland, of Washington, D. G, with whom Mr. Nathan M. Lubar, of Washington. D. G, was on the brief, for appellant.
Mr. Bernard Margolins, Assistant United States Attorney, of Washington, D. C., with whom Messrs. Edward M. Curran, United States Attorney, and Charles B. Murray, Assistant United States Attorney, both of Washington, D. G, were on the brief, for appellee.
Before GRONER, Chief Justice, and EDGERTON and ARNOLD, Associate Justices.
GRONER, C. J.
Appellant was indicted and convicted of a violation of the Mann Act, 18 U.S.C.A. § 397 et seq. On appeal to this court we held that the Act was inapplicable to transportation wholly within the District of Columbia (144 F.2d 533). On certiorari the Supreme Court reversed and remanded to us to pass upon the other grounds for reversal urged by appellant. The grounds so urged, and not previously passed upon, are as follows:
That the trial court erred: 1. In instructing the jury on the question of the testimony of accomplices;
2. In refusing to permit adequate examination of prosecuting witness to show the promise of Government immunity;
3. In the admission of prejudicial evidence in relation to the character of appellant’s husband;
4. In the improper admission of evidence of an arrest of the defendant for violation of the traffic laws;
5. In permitting an improper statement by Government counsel to the jury in his closing address;
6. In the Judge’s charge to the jury;
7. ' In allowing unfair and prejudicial cross-examination of the defendant; and
8. In the failure of the evidence to show the commission of the crime.
We have carefully examined the record in relation to the several matters urged as error in the respects above mentioned and are of opinion that they are all without merit. With relation to Nos. 1 and 6, it is enough to say that the record shows no objection made at the trial to the court’s charge to the jury, and the charge itself does not appear in the Bill of Exceptions. Similarly with respect to No. 7, no exceptions to the rulings of the court on cross-examination were taken or preserved in the Bill. Moreover, an examination of the charge and the questioning, which we have made to safeguard the substantial rights of the appellant, convinces us that these contentions are without merit.
No, 2, concerning the restriction of cross-examination of the prosecuting witness, appears to us to be without substance. The Government witness, an F. B. I. agent, had interviewed prosecuting witness while she was being detained in Baltimore by Maryland authorities, in connection with another case, and had obtained from her information that presumably later led to the arrest of appellant. Appellant’s counsel sought to obtain from this witness a statement that the agent had promised her immunity in consideration of her agreement to testify against appellant. The question was entirely proper and a frank answer should have been returned to it. But our reading of the Bill of Exceptions shows that the court had on at least three or four occasions advised counsel and the witness that the question could be asked and should be answered. But for some reason which is not apparent counsel was not willing to ask the precise question, and much of the colloquy which ensued appears to us to have been wholly unnecessary and the limitations imposed by the court in the circumstances entirely proper.
No. 3 charges that after appellant’s husband had testified the Government attorney in cross-examination attacked his character in an unfair and prejudicial manner. The basis of this is that Government counsel asked the witness if he had not lived with appellant when she was still married to another man. The witness had already testified, without objection, that he had lived with appellant in New York City prior to their own marriage. The question whether she was then unmarried or married to another, it seems to us, was immaterial, as was also the question whether the witness had been named corespon•dent in the divorce suit which resulted. The question asked by counsel for appellant had really no relation to the issue on trial. Witness was a sailor in the service of the Navy, and it is not unlikely that the purpose in calling him was that knowledge of that fact by the jury would create a favorable impression, just as the effort of the Government to discredit him was to avoid that effect. Probably he should not have been called at all, but having been called and having testified to his illegal relations with appellant prior to his marriage to her, it was not going too far to ask him if he had been named as corespondent in the divorce action brought by her former husband. We find nothing in the episode which was prejudicial.
No. 4. As a witness in her own behalf appellant was asked by her counsel if she had ever been arrested for any offense, and she testified she had not. Government counsel on cross-examination asked her if she had not been arrested for disorderly conduct, to which she replied she had not. Clearly, this was within the scope of the direct examination. We see nothing in this either prejudicial or improper.
No. 5 calls our attention to a statement said to have been made by Government counsel in his closing address. If the statement was in fact made, it was highly improper, and should have been met with a rebuke from the court, but we are wholly unable to say whether the statement was in fact made, or to know the circumstances under which it was made, for there is nothing in the Bill of Exceptions in relation to the subject, and an inspection of the transcript, which we have made, shows clearly that the arguments of counsel were not stenographically reported, and in bringing this matter to our attention counsel relied upon defendant’s affidavit and also newspaper statements, which of course we cannot consider.
No. 8. There was enough evidence to warrant the verdict — even if that question were before us, though we think it is not.
Accordingly, on the whole case the conviction and judgment of the trial court must be and are affirmed.
Affirmed.
65 S.Ct. 602.
See Rule IX, Supreme Court, Rules of Practice and Procedure in Criminal Cases, 18 U.S.C.A. following- section 688, 292 U. S. 660, 664; cf. Moder v. United States, 61 App.D.C. 300, 62 F.2d 462, certiorari denied, 288 U.S. 599, 53 S.Ct. 317, 77 L.Ed. 975; Feinberg v. United States, 8 Cir., 2 F.2d 955, 956; Gantz v. United States, 8 Cir., 127 F.2d 498; Buessel v. United States, 2 Cir., 258 F. 811; Davis v. United States, 10 Cir., 38 F.2d 631; Smith v. United States, 10 Cir., 38 F.2d 632; Metzler v. United States, 9 Cir., 64 F.2d 203, 209; Hood v. United States, 10 Cir., 43 F.2d 353.
Cf. Gantz v. United States, supra, 127 F.2d at page 504. See Judicial Code § 269, 28 U.S.C.A. § 391; Feinberg v. United States, supra.
Morris v. District of Columbia, 75 U.S.App.D.C. 82, 124 F.2d 284; Moder v. United States, supra, note 2; Lucking v. United States, 7 Cir., 14 F.2d 881, 883, certiorari denied, 273 U.S. 749, 750, 47 S.Ct. 455, 71 L.Ed. 872, 873; Gantz v. United States, supra, note 2.

Question: What is the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives"? Answer with a number.

Choices:

Answer: 0