What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
Note that if an individual is listed by name, but their appearance in the case is as a government official, then they should be counted as a government rather than as a private person. For example, in the case "Billy Jones & Alfredo Ruiz v Joe Smith" where Smith is a state prisoner who brought a civil rights suit against two of the wardens in the prison (Jones & Ruiz), the following values should be coded: number of appellants that fall into the category "natural persons" =0 and number that fall into the category "state governments, their agencies, and officials" =2. A similar logic should be applied to businesses and associations. Officers of a company or association whose role in the case is as a representative of their company or association should be coded as being a business or association rather than as a natural person. However, employees of a business or a government who are suing their employer should be coded as natural persons. Likewise, employees who are charged with criminal conduct for action that was contrary to the company policies should be considered natural persons.
If the title of a case listed a corporation by name and then listed the names of two individuals that the opinion indicated were top officers of the same corporation as the appellants, then the number of appellants should be coded as three and all three were coded as a business (with the identical detailed code). Similar logic should be applied when government officials or officers of an association were listed by name.
Your specific task is to determine the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "natural persons". If the total number cannot be determined (e.g., if the appellant is listed as "Smith, et. al." and the opinion does not specify who is included in the "et.al."), then answer 99.

Opinion:
Leora J. BISHOP, Appellant, v. William F. McKEE, Administrator of Federal Aviation Agency; John W. Macy, Jr., Commissioner, Civil Service Commission; L. J. Andolsek, Commissioner, Civil Service Commission; Robert E. Hampton, Commissioner, Civil Service Commission; and the United States of America, Appellees.
No. 9545.
United States Court of Appeals Tenth Circuit.
Aug. 26, 1968.
Leora J. Bishop, pro se.
Robert L. Berry, Asst. U. S. Atty. (B. Andrew Potter, U. S. Atty., was with him on the brief), for appellees.
Before MILLER, Senior Circuit Judge, and LEWIS and SETH, Circuit Judges.
Of the District of Columbia Circuit, sitting by designation.
DAVID T. LEWIS, Circuit Judge.
Appellant, in 1966, was discharged and removed from civil service status as a civilian employee in the Aeronautical Center Medical Clinic of the Federal Aviation Agency at Oklahoma City. After termination of administrative proceedings she filed this action in the District Court for the Western District of Oklahoma and now appeals pro se from an adverse summary judgment entered by that court.
This case has been presented to us with the complete sincerity of one who believes she has been victimized by her fellow employees and agency superiors and with the typical broad scope of complaint that accompanies lack of legal expertise. From our examination of the voluminous record we find three issues that can survive within the jurisdictional limitations accorded judicial review in this court:
Did the Agency substantially comply with all required procedural steps in effectuating appellant’s removal? See Bailey v. Macy, 10 Cir., 378 F.2d 1021; Seebach v. Cullen, 9 Cir., 338 F.2d 663, cert, denied, 380 U.S. 972, 85 S.Ct. 1331, 14 L.Ed.2d 268; Brown v. Zuckert, 7 Cir., 349 F.2d 461, cert, denied, 382 U.S. 998, 86 S.Ct. 588, 15 L.Ed.2d 486.
Was appellant improperly denied a constitutional right to examine her accusers ?
Was the Agency action in imposing the remedy of removal so harsh as to reflect only caprice in view of the total circumstances ?
We can find nothing in this record to indicate that the action against appellant did not follow the required and regulatory steps provided in such cases. Mrs. Bishop was served notice of the Agency’s proposed action in compliance with 5 C.F.R. 752.202 and the proceedings developed with regularity to termination by decision of the Board of Appeals and Review in Washington. And although the application of somewhat comparable procedures has been considered and held to have prohibited constitutional overtones we can find no authority that the procedures contain an inherent denial of due process. However, we must note that these procedures have allowed appellant, accused of being a gossip, to have been found guilty of that charge through the legal gossip of affidavits and the ex parte statements of persons taken in interview by Security Officers. Although we feel bound to view this anomaly as not amounting to a constitutional prohibition we offer it no affirmative con-fort.
At the hearing conducted by an examiner for the Regional Office (Dallas) appellant was confronted by and cross-examined witnesses produced by the Agency. By letter addressed to the Chief of Personnel Relations at the Aeronautical Center appellant had requested that nine other employees of the Center be made available as witnesses at the hearing. At such time (1964) the applicable regulation provided:
“An appellant is entitled to appear at the hearing on his appeal personally or through or accompanied by his representative. The agency is also entitled to participate in the hearing. Both parties are entitled to produce witnesses but as the Commission is not authorized to subpoena witnesses the parties are required to make their own arrangements for the appearance of witnesses.” 5 C.F.R. 772.305(c).
The requested witnesses did not appear but there is nothing here to indicate that appellant made any subjective attempt to obtain their presence. Such was her initial burden under the regulation. Williams v. Zuckert (on rehearing), 372 U.S. 765, 83 S.Ct. 1102, 10 L. Ed.2d 136.
Finally, pointing to her prolonged and excellent record for competency as a civil servant, appellant contends that she should have been reassigned within rather than discharged from the service. The remedy necessary to promote the efficiency of the civil service is a matter peculiarly and necessarily within the discretion of the Civil Service and cannot be disturbed on judicial review absent exceptional circumstances not here present. Studemeyer v. Macy, 116 U.S.App.D.C. 120, 321 F.2d 386.
Affirmed.
. Mr. Justice Douglas, dissenting in Williams v. Zuckert, 371 U.S. 531, 533-536, 83 S.Ct. 403, 9 L.Ed.2d 486.
. Vitarelli v. Seaton, 359 U.S. 535, 79 S.Ct. 968, 3 L.Ed. 1012.

Question: What is the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "natural persons"? Answer with a number.

Choices:

Answer: 1