What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
Your task is to determine or not there was any amicus participation before the court of appeals.

Opinion:
MARICOPA COUNTY, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. AMERICAN PIPE AND CONSTRUCTION CO. et al., DefendantsAppellants.
No. 24737.
United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.
Aug. 28, 1970.
Rehearing Denied Oct. 26, 1970.
Hamley, Circuit Judge, dissented in part and filed opinion.
Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher, Los Ange-les, Cal., for Smith Scott & United Concrete Pipe.
Pierce T. Selwood (argued), of Sheppard, Mullin, Richter & Hampton, Los Angeles, Cal., for Martin-Marietta Corp.
Paul, Hastings, Janofsky & Walker, Los Angeles, Cal., for U.S. Indus.
Jesse O’Malley (argued), of Musick, Peeler & Garrett, Los Angeles, Cal., for U.S. Steel.
George Jansen, Wayne Pitluck, of Sullivan, Marinos, Augustine & Delafield, San Diego, Cal., for American Pipe & Constr. and Am. Concrete.
Gordon Johnson (argued), of Thelen, Marrin, Johnson & Bridges, San Francisco, Cal., for Kaiser Steel Corp.
Evans, Kitchel & Jenckes, Phoenix, Ariz., for O’Malley Gannaway Concrete Pipe.
Dominic B. King, Pittsburgh, Pa., for U.S. Steel.
Ronald W. Meyer (argued), Deputy County Atty., Moise Berger, Maricopa County Atty., R. E. Johnson, of Johnson, Bebeau & Timbanard, Phoenix, Ariz., for plaintiff-appellee.
O’Melveny & Myers, Los Angeles, Cal., Van Cott, Bagley, Cornwall & McCarthy, Salt Lake City, Utah, Olmstead, Stine & Campbell, Ogden, Utah, amicus curiae.
Before HAMLEY and BROWNING, Circuit Judges, and THOMPSON, District Judge.
Honorable Bruce R. Thompson, United States District Judge for the District of Nevada, sitting by designation.
PER CURIAM:
We affirm the order of the district court denying appellants’ motion for summary judgment. We affirm on the grounds stated in the district court’s opinion, except that we do not pass upon the soundness of the district court’s dictum that a government antitrust proceeding filed more than one year subsequent to the termination of a prior government antitrust proceeding could not toll the running of the statute of limitations on private treble damage actions. Nor do we pass upon the contention, made for the first time in a reply brief in this court, that a partial summary judgment should have been granted because American Pipe and Construction Company was not named as a defendant in two of the five civil actions commenced by the government. We see no reason to depart from the general rule that a district court judgment should not be reversed on grounds not raised below. Our affirmance is without prejudice, however, to the filing in the district court by appellants of a motion for partial summary judgment raising this new issue.

Question: Was there any amicus participation before the court of appeals?

Choices:
no amicus participation on either side
1 separate amicus brief was filed
2 separate amicus briefs were filed
3 separate amicus briefs were filed
4 separate amicus briefs were filed
5 separate amicus briefs were filed
6 separate amicus briefs were filed
7 separate amicus briefs were filed
8 or more separate amicus briefs were filed
not ascertained

Answer: 8