What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
Note that if an individual is listed by name, but their appearance in the case is as a government official, then they should be counted as a government rather than as a private person. For example, in the case "Billy Jones & Alfredo Ruiz v Joe Smith" where Smith is a state prisoner who brought a civil rights suit against two of the wardens in the prison (Jones & Ruiz), the following values should be coded: number of appellants that fall into the category "natural persons" =0 and number that fall into the category "state governments, their agencies, and officials" =2. A similar logic should be applied to businesses and associations. Officers of a company or association whose role in the case is as a representative of their company or association should be coded as being a business or association rather than as a natural person. However, employees of a business or a government who are suing their employer should be coded as natural persons. Likewise, employees who are charged with criminal conduct for action that was contrary to the company policies should be considered natural persons.
If the title of a case listed a corporation by name and then listed the names of two individuals that the opinion indicated were top officers of the same corporation as the appellants, then the number of appellants should be coded as three and all three were coded as a business (with the identical detailed code). Similar logic should be applied when government officials or officers of an association were listed by name.
Your specific task is to determine the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "natural persons". If the total number cannot be determined (e.g., if the appellant is listed as "Smith, et. al." and the opinion does not specify who is included in the "et.al."), then answer 99.

Opinion:
Mauro GADALETA, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. NEDERLANDSCH-AMEREKAANSCHE STOOMVART, etc., a/k/a Holland America Line, Defendant-Respondent and Third-Party Plaintiff-Appellant, v. International Terminal Operating Co., Inc., Third-Party Defendant-Respondent.
No. 391, Docket 26874.
United States Court of Appeals Second Circuit.
Argued May 10, 1961.
Decided June 6, 1961.
Bernard Chazen, Hoboken, N. J. (Baker, Garber & Chazen, and Nathan Baker, Hoboken, N. J., on the brief), for plaintiff-appellant.
Edmund F. Lamb, New York City (William E. Fay III, Lawless & Lynch, Purdy, Lamb & Catoggio, New York City, on the brief), for defendant-respondent and third party plaintiff-appellant.
Nicholas Milano, New York City, for third party defendant-respondent.
Before FRIENDLY and SMITH, Circuit Judges, and WATKINS, District Judge.
U. S. District Judge for the Northern and Southern Districts of West Virginia, sitting by designation.
SMITH, Circuit Judge.
Plaintiff, a longshoreman, was injured August 31, 1956 while handling barrels •of pickled skins which had been unloaded from defendant’s vessel and stacked on defendant’s pier on August 23 and 24, 1956. Plaintiff’s claim was that he had .slipped on brine, which had leaked from broken barrels, while loading one of the heavy barrels on the plate of a hi-lo, and that he suffered a herniated intervertebral disc. Defendant introduced reports tending to show that plaintiff had •sprained his back while lifting a barrel, not because of having slipped, and some testimony that there was no brine on the pier.
The jury found for the defendant. The court dismissed the non-jury third party action over against the stevedore, plaintiff’s employer. Plaintiff appeals from judgment entered on the verdict, ■defendant, third party plaintiff, from the dismissal of the third party action.
Plaintiff bases his appeal on two grounds, exclusion from evidence of defendant’s answers to interrogatories propounded by the third party defendant, and refusal of the court to charge on a claim of negligence of defendant in unloading its vessel.
Answers to interrogatories clearly may be utilized as admissions. 4 Moore Fed.Prac. 2d Ed. p. 1190. F.R. Civ.P. Rule 33, Rule 26(d) (2), 28 U.S.C.A.; Lumbermen’s Mutual Ins. Co. of Mansfield, Ohio v. Cantex Mfg. Co., 5 Cir., 1958, 262 F.2d 63. The answers here, however, through the reference to the third party complaint in the interrogatories, were conditional on the prior establishment of the existence of the wet condition of the pier, which was not admitted by defendant. They would have been misleading to the jury under the circumstances. The court was therefore correct in excluding them.
Charge No. 3 rejected by the court was as follows:
“3. The defendant owed the duty to the plaintiff longshoreman to exercise reasonable care in discharging the cargo from the vessel to the pier and in stacking the cargo on the pier and in inspecting the cargo upon its discharge to the pier.”
If negligence in discharging or stacking or in failing to inspect created a condition which caused injury, the pier owner might well be liable under New Jersey law. The difficulty with plaintiff’s position here, however, is that the record reveals no evidence as to the manner of discharge, stacking or inspection from which a finding of negligence could have been made. There was therefore no error in refusing the charge. We need not determine whether the charge as given would have been sufficient had such evidence been presented.
Since judgment for defendant on the principal action must be affirmed, the appeal from the dismissal of the third party action becomes academic.
Judgment affirmed.
. The charge given included the following:
“The defendant owed the duty to plaintiff, as invitee upon the pier, to exercise reasonable care to provide him with a place to work which is safe.
“The defendant’s duty was not limited to warning plaintiff of dangers known to defendant, but included the affirmative duty to exercise reasonable care to make provision for the plaintiff’s safety even if the dangers were apparent.
“If you find that the defendant, in the exercise of reasonable care, knew or should have known that the cargo was ■defective or leaking so as to become unsafe to longshoremen handling the cargo on the pier, then you may find that it was the duty of the defendant to take measures to protect the longshoremen from the dangers. If it failed in that duty, you may find that defendant was negligent.
“If you find that the pier was in fact unreasonably slippery as plaintiff claims and if you find that the condition existed for a period of time sufficient for the defendant to have learned of and corrected it, you may find that the defendant had constructive knowledge that the pier was dangerously slippery due to the wetness on the pier. If you so find and if you find that defendant failed to use reasonable care to remedy the condition, you may then find that defendant was negligent.
“If you find that Holland-America Line was not thus actually or constructively notified of the condition complained of, you must find for the defendant, Holland-America Line.”
. Stark v. Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co., 1926, 102 N.J.L. 694, 133 A. 172 (failure to inspect).

Question: What is the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "natural persons"? Answer with a number.

Choices:

Answer: 1