What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
Note that if an individual is listed by name, but their appearance in the case is as a government official, then they should be counted as a government rather than as a private person. For example, in the case "Billy Jones & Alfredo Ruiz v Joe Smith" where Smith is a state prisoner who brought a civil rights suit against two of the wardens in the prison (Jones & Ruiz), the following values should be coded: number of appellants that fall into the category "natural persons" =0 and number that fall into the category "state governments, their agencies, and officials" =2. A similar logic should be applied to businesses and associations. Officers of a company or association whose role in the case is as a representative of their company or association should be coded as being a business or association rather than as a natural person. However, employees of a business or a government who are suing their employer should be coded as natural persons. Likewise, employees who are charged with criminal conduct for action that was contrary to the company policies should be considered natural persons.
If the title of a case listed a corporation by name and then listed the names of two individuals that the opinion indicated were top officers of the same corporation as the appellants, then the number of appellants should be coded as three and all three were coded as a business (with the identical detailed code). Similar logic should be applied when government officials or officers of an association were listed by name.
Your specific task is to determine the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives". If the total number cannot be determined (e.g., if the appellant is listed as "Smith, et. al." and the opinion does not specify who is included in the "et.al."), then answer 99.

Opinion:
UNITED STATES v. WILLIAMS.
No. 149.
Circuit Court of Appeals, Second Circuit.
Jan. 4, 1945.
John F. X. McGohey, U. S. Atty., of New York City (Harold J. McAúley, Asst. U. S. Atty., of New York City, of counsel), for plaintiff-appellee.
John A. Bolles, of New York City, for defendant-appellant.
Before CHASE, CLARK, and FRANK, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM.
The appellant was tried by jury in the District Court for the Southern District of Ne'w York on an indictment charging the use of the mail to defraud in violation of 18 U.S.C.A. § 338. After conviction and sentence he has appealed and seeks a reversal on the ground of error committed by the court when, just before the case was submitted, the jury was told in response to the request of the district attorney that “Of course, ignorance of the law is never any excuse. Good faith does not excuse.” After that the court asked counsel if there were any exceptions and none were taken.
The defense of the appellant had been largely put upon his honest and reasonable belief that the representations he made were true,- and standing alone this terse statement as to good faith did not adequately and correctly inform the jury as to the law applicable to the issues on trial. Gold v. United States, 8 Cir., 36 F.2d 16. But, even so, there is no reason to believe that the jury was confused. In the colloquial charge the jury had been correctly and sufficiently instructed as to the law on the subject, and had there been any reason to believe that what is now urged to be erroneous was likely to be misunderstood the judge should have' been given a chance to amplify or correct what he said by having his attention called to that at the time. United States v. Manton, 2 Cir., 107 F.2d 834, 848. We will exercise our discretion to notice only plain error where no exception has been taken. The brief remarks of the judge are to be considered in connection with his previous clear exposition of the subject, and when that is done it cannot be ’ reasonably thought that the appellant was harmed in any respect.
Judgment affirmed.

Question: What is the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives"? Answer with a number.

Choices:

Answer: 0