What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
Note that if an individual is listed by name, but their appearance in the case is as a government official, then they should be counted as a government rather than as a private person. For example, in the case "Billy Jones & Alfredo Ruiz v Joe Smith" where Smith is a state prisoner who brought a civil rights suit against two of the wardens in the prison (Jones & Ruiz), the following values should be coded: number of appellants that fall into the category "natural persons" =0 and number that fall into the category "state governments, their agencies, and officials" =2. A similar logic should be applied to businesses and associations. Officers of a company or association whose role in the case is as a representative of their company or association should be coded as being a business or association rather than as a natural person. However, employees of a business or a government who are suing their employer should be coded as natural persons. Likewise, employees who are charged with criminal conduct for action that was contrary to the company policies should be considered natural persons.
If the title of a case listed a corporation by name and then listed the names of two individuals that the opinion indicated were top officers of the same corporation as the appellants, then the number of appellants should be coded as three and all three were coded as a business (with the identical detailed code). Similar logic should be applied when government officials or officers of an association were listed by name.
Your specific task is to determine the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "natural persons". If the total number cannot be determined (e.g., if the appellant is listed as "Smith, et. al." and the opinion does not specify who is included in the "et.al."), then answer 99.

Opinion:
Richard J. DILLANE, Appellant, v. UNITED STATES of America, Appellee.
No. 20571.
United States Court of Appeals District of Columbia Circuit.
Argued May 10, 1967.
Decided Sept. 1, 1967.
Mr. Thomas J. Schwab, Washington, D. C. (appointed by this court), for appellant.
Mr. Albert W. Overby, Jr., Asst. U. S. Atty., with whom Messrs. David G. Bress, U. S. Atty., and Frank Q. Nebeker and William M. Cohen, Asst. U. S. Attys., were on the brief, for appellee.
Before Prettyman, Senior Circuit Judge, and Wright and Robinson, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:
This is the latest chapter in appellant’s quest for ultimate review of a 1964 conviction of housebreaking and assault with intent to commit rape. When the case was here previously, we upheld the District Court’s denial of leave to appeal in forma pauperis because the petition therefor was not presented within the ten-day period fixed mandatorily for the filing of a notice of appeal. However, with an emerging claim that appellant’s trial counsel had neglected to inform him either of his right to appeal or as to when that right had to be asserted, our affirmance was without prejudice to a motion pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2255 seeking vacation and reentry of sentence to provide anew the opportunity for timely steps in that direction.
Appellant thereafter exhibited such a motion, repeating his earlier allegations and charging ineffective assistance of counsel, and a hearing thereon was conducted. The District Judge denied the motion, finding that appellant was "ably and conscientiously” defended throughout the proceedings and, more specifically, that he was duly advised of his right to appeal but consciously decided to resort exclusively to a motion for reduction of his sentence.
In considering appellant’s challenge to this disposition we must honor these findings unless they are clearly erroneous, and we cannot say that they are. One of appellant’s trial advocates testified that, to the best of his recollection, he apprised appellant, after as well as before conviction, of his right to appeal and of the ten-day period for noticing it. He stated that appellant decided to forego appellate examination of the trial proceedings and to seek a paring of his sentence instead. Appellant, while denying that at any time after the trial began was the subject mentioned, admitted that there was pretrial discussion of a possible appeal. And two letters appellant wrote to his counsel — both after conviction, and one within hours after sentencing — lend support to the finding that a motion for reduction of sentence was to be the only post-sentence effort.
True it is that the evidence was not fully harmonious, and that it contributed something to appellant’s side of the case. In particular, a letter from counsel to appellant, dated eight days after imposition of sentence, suggests that an appeal was not completely out of the picture, an inference other evidence did not necessarily eradicate. But it was the trial judge’s responsibility to assess the conflicts, and it is now ours to abide his evaluation if not plainly wrong, however we might be inclined were we at liberty to make a de novo determination. Adverting to what we have characterized as the “classic formulation of the test” by which our action is to now be guided, we are not, as to the findings mentioned, “on the entire evidence * * * left with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been committed.”
There remains appellant’s contention, rebutted by his counsel, that appellant was never told about the ten-day limitation on appealing — an issue, as we read the record, the judge was unable to resolve. This question, however, is rendered academic by the finding that appellant concluded that his interests would be served better by undertaking to ameliorate the sentence without endeavoring to win reversal of the conviction. With this finding unimpeachable, any omission to inform him of the period for noting the unwanted appeal is inconsequential.
Affirmed.
. Dillane v. United States, 121 U.S.App.D.C. 354, 350 F.2d 732 (1965).
. F.R.Crim.P. 37 (a) (2). See also United States v. Robinson, 361 U.S. 220, 80 S.Ct. 282, 4 L.Ed.2d 259 (1960); Kirksey v. United States, 94 U.S.App.D.C. 393, 219 F.2d 499 (1954), cert. denied 358 U.S. 848, 79 S.Ct. 74, 3 L.Ed.2d 82 (1958).
. Appellant was represented at his trial by two attorneys, both retained, other than counsel appointed for this appeal.
. We said: “In the record before us there appear to be allegations that appellant’s counsel, retained for his defense at the trial, never apprised him of his right to file a notice of appeal, or of the time within which that right must be exercised. If true, and if unexplained, this impresses us as such an extraordinary inattention to a client’s interests as to amount to ineffective assistance of counsel cognizable under Section 2255. A motion under that statute containing such allegations, and otherwise entertain-able by the court, would entitle appellant to a hearing. If the court should find the facts to be as alleged, it should, by the expedient of vacating and resentencing, restore appellant to the status of one on whom sentence has just been imposed and who has 10 days in which to institute a direct appeal. Whether there are in fact grounds for such an appeal seems to us a subject to which appellant is entitled to address himself once he has been restored to the aforementioned status.” 121 U.S.App.D.C. at 355, 350 F.2d at 733.
. This appeal is governed by F.R.Civ.P. 52(a) providing that “[findings of fact shall not be set aside unless clearly erroneous, and due regard shall be given to the opportunity of the trial court to judge of the credibility of the witnesses.” Jackson v. United States, 122 U.S.App.D.C. 324, 327 n. 4, 353 F.2d 862, 865 n. 4 (1965), and cases cited therein. See also United States v. Hayman, 342 U.S. 205, 209 n. 4, 72 S.Ct. 263, 96 L.Ed. 232 (1952). The same standard would obtain for review of the issue presented here even if the proceedings were to be considered criminal in character. Campbell v. United States, 373 U.S. 487, 493-495, 83 S.Ct. 1356, 10 L.Ed.2d 501 (1965); Jackson v. United States, supra, 122 U.S.App.D.C. at 326-327, 353 F.2d at 864-865.
. “It is not enough that we might give the facts another construction, resolve the ambiguities differently, and find a more sinister cast to actions which the District Court apparently deemed innocent. * * * We are not given those choices, because our mandate is not to set aside findings of fact ‘unless clearly erroneous.’ ” United States v. National Ass’n of Real Estate Bds., 339 U.S. 485, 495-496, 70 S.Ct. 711, 717, 94 L.Ed. 1007 (1950). Compare Jackson v. United States, supra note 5, 122 U.S.App.D.C. at 327, 353 F.2d at 865.
. Id. at 327 n. 5, 353 F.2d at 865 n. 5.
. United States v. United States Gypsum Co., 333 U.S. 364, 395, 68 S.Ct. 525, 542, 92 D.Ed. 746 (1948).
. The trial judge made a finding that appellant “was informed of his right to appeal from his conviction * * * within the period of ten days from the entry of the final judgment of conviction.” This could mean either that within the ten-day period appellant was informed only of his right to appeal, or that he was told that this was the period during which the appeal must be taken. We take it that the latter was not intended because the judge, at the conclusion of the hearing and prior to filing formal findings, stated that he was unable to determine whether appellant was enlightened as to the ten-day period for initiating the appeal.

Question: What is the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "natural persons"? Answer with a number.

Choices:

Answer: 1