What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
Your task is to determine or not there was any amicus participation before the court of appeals.

Opinion:
In the Matter of ST. CHARLES HOTEL Co., Debtor, Edward S. Ladin, appellant.
No. 8937.
Circuit Court of Appeals, Third Circuit.
Argued June 9, 1945.
Decided June 13, 1945.
David M. Palley, of New York City (Annetta Brof-Quinn, of Jersey City, N. J., on the brief), for appellant.
George Zolotar, of New York City (Roger S. Foster, Sol., of Philadelphia, Pa., and Richard V. Bandler, of New York City, on the brief), for Securities and Exchange Commission.
Charles Gottlieb, of New York City (Thomas H. Munyan, of Atlantic City, N. J., on the brief), for appellees.
I. Emanuel Sauder, of Philadelphia, Pa., for amici curiae.
Before MARTIN and McLAUGHLIN, Circuit Judges, and KALODNER, District Judge.
PER CURIAM.
The orders of the District Court, the first of which was entered on March 26, 1945 and the remaining two on April 30, 1945, are affirmed for the reasons set forth in the excellent opinion of Judge Forman, 60 F.Supp. 322.

Question: Was there any amicus participation before the court of appeals?

Choices:
no amicus participation on either side
1 separate amicus brief was filed
2 separate amicus briefs were filed
3 separate amicus briefs were filed
4 separate amicus briefs were filed
5 separate amicus briefs were filed
6 separate amicus briefs were filed
7 separate amicus briefs were filed
8 or more separate amicus briefs were filed
not ascertained

Answer: 1