What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals. Your task is to identify the state or territory in which the case was first heard. If the case began in the federal district court, consider the state of that district court. If it is a habeas corpus case, consider the state of the state court that first heard the case. If the case originated in a federal administrative agency, answer "not applicable". Answer with the name of the state, or one of the following territories: District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Panama Canal Zone, or "not applicable" or "not determined".

Opinion:
ST. PAUL HOSPITAL AND CASUALTY COMPANY and Mutual Benefit Health and Accident Association, Appellants, v. Walter HELSBY, Appellee.
No. 16886.
United States Court of Appeals Eighth Circuit.
June 30, 1962.
Donald B. Smith, of Randall, Smith & Blomquist, St. Paul, Minn., for appellants; John P. Vitko, St. Paul, Minn., and Hugh V. Plunkett, Jr., Austin, Minn., ■on the brief.
Irvin E. Schermer, of Schermer & Gensler, Minneapolis, Minn., for appel-lee.
Before VOGEL and RIDGE, Circuit Judges, and DEVITT, District Judge.
PER CURIAM.
Walter Helsby, plaintiff-appellee, instituted this action against the defendants-appellants to recover damages for breach of an agency contract, claiming that the appellants wrongfully, unlawfully and unjustifiedly breached the contract, to his damage in the amount of $400,000. The case was tried to a jury, which found in favor of the appellee and assessed his damages at $156,000. In considering a motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict or, in the alternative, for a new trial, the District Court first denied the motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict. As to the alternative motion for a new trial, the District Court denied it also, but with the provision that within thirty days thereof the appellee enter a remittitur to the extent of $101,000. Ap-pellee consented to the remittitur, thus reducing the jury verdict from $166,000 to $55,000. Thereupon appeal was taken to this court.
In denying appellants’ motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict or, in the alternative, for a new trial, the District Judge wrote a carefully detailed and fully considered opinion, Helsby v. St. Paul Hospital & Casualty Co. et al., 1961, 195 F.Supp. 385. We believe that each of appellants’ points or claimed errors which might possibly present any substance whatsoever has been meticulously covered by Judge Henley in his published opinion. To restate the facts indicated by the record here, to rephrase the issues of law and rewrite Judge Henley’s conclusions, with which conclusions we fully concur, would serve no useful purpose. We have carefully considered each error claimed by the appellants and find no merit therein.
The very most that can be said for the appellants’ contentions is that they may have raised doubtful questions of state law. We have said many times that the rule is not whether the trial court reached a correct conclusion as to a doubtful question of state law, but whether it reached a permissible one. Homolla v. Gluck, 8 Cir., 1957, 248 F.2d 731, 733-734, and cases discussed therein. We have applied the rule where a district judge is deciding a doubtful question of the law of another state, Luther v. Maple, 8 Cir., 1958, 250 F.2d 916, 922; Perfection Oil Co. v. Saam, 8 Cir., 1959, 264 F.2d 835, 839-840, as well as where an assigned judge (as here) is determining doubtful questions as to the law of the jurisdiction to which he has been assigned. Village of Brooten v. Cudahy Packing Co., 8 Cir., 1961, 291 F.2d 284, 289.
Being convinced of the correctness of Judge Henley’s conclusions, we affirm on the basis of his opinion.

Question: In what state or territory was the case first heard?

Choices:
not
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachussets
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New
New
New
New
North
North
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode
South
South
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Virgin
Puerto
District
Guam
not
Panama

Answer: 23