What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
When coding the detailed nature of participants, use your personal knowledge about the participants, if you are completely confident of the accuracy of your knowledge, even if the specific information is not in the opinion. For example, if "IBM" is listed as the appellant it could be classified as "clearly national or international in scope" even if the opinion did not indicate the scope of the business. 

Your task concerns the second listed appellant. The nature of this litigant falls into the category "natural person (excludes persons named in their official capacity or who appear because of a role in a private organization)". Your task is to determine the gender of this litigant. Use names to classify the party's sex only if there is little ambiguity (e.g., the sex of "Chris" should be coded as "not ascertained").

Opinion:
Leonard V. KRAUS and Florence M. Kraus, Husband and Wife, Appellants, v. CRETE STATE BANK, Thomas J. Aron and Jerome H. Haase, Appellees.
No. 84-2100.
United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit.
Submitted Jan. 8, 1985.
Decided Feb. 1, 1985.
Leonard V. Kraus and Florence M. Kraus, pro se.
Steven H. Nelsen, Cline, Williams, Wright, Johnson & Oldfather, Lincoln, Neb., for appellees.
Before HEANEY, BRIGHT and ROSS, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM.
Leonard V. Kraus and Florence M. Kraus appeal from a judgment of the United States District Court for the District of Nebraska dismissing their complaint for lack of jurisdiction. We affirm. The complaint shows on its face that no diversity exists between the appellants and the ap-pellees and no other basis of federal jurisdiction has been properly pleaded.
Affirmed pursuant to Eighth Circuit Rule 14.

Question: This question concerns the second listed appellant. The nature of this litigant falls into the category "natural person (excludes persons named in their official capacity or who appear because of a role in a private organization)". What is the gender of this litigant?Use names to classify the party's sex only if there is little ambiguity.

Choices:
not ascertained
male - indication in opinion (e.g., use of masculine pronoun)
male - assumed because of name
female - indication in opinion of gender
female - assumed because of name

Answer: 3