What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
Note that if an individual is listed by name, but their appearance in the case is as a government official, then they should be counted as a government rather than as a private person. For example, in the case "Billy Jones & Alfredo Ruiz v Joe Smith" where Smith is a state prisoner who brought a civil rights suit against two of the wardens in the prison (Jones & Ruiz), the following values should be coded: number of appellants that fall into the category "natural persons" =0 and number that fall into the category "state governments, their agencies, and officials" =2. A similar logic should be applied to businesses and associations. Officers of a company or association whose role in the case is as a representative of their company or association should be coded as being a business or association rather than as a natural person. However, employees of a business or a government who are suing their employer should be coded as natural persons. Likewise, employees who are charged with criminal conduct for action that was contrary to the company policies should be considered natural persons.
If the title of a case listed a corporation by name and then listed the names of two individuals that the opinion indicated were top officers of the same corporation as the appellants, then the number of appellants should be coded as three and all three were coded as a business (with the identical detailed code). Similar logic should be applied when government officials or officers of an association were listed by name.
Your specific task is to determine the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "natural persons". If the total number cannot be determined (e.g., if the appellant is listed as "Smith, et. al." and the opinion does not specify who is included in the "et.al."), then answer 99.

Opinion:
CURTI et al. v. PACIFIC MTG. GUARANTY CO. et al.
No. 8194.
Circuit Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.
Dec. 17, 1936.
Carroll Allen, of Los Angeles, Cal., for appellants.
Edwin A. Meserve and William Larrabee, both of Los Angeles, Cal., for appellees.
Before MATHEWS and HANEY, Circuit Judges, and NETERER, District • Judge.
NETERER, District Judge.
Reversal is sought of a judgment of dismissal of a complaint challenging the sale of real estate hypothecated to secure payment of money at a stated time by virtue of a power of sale contained in the agreement of hypothecation pursuant to the provisions of section 2924 of the Civil Code of California, charging that said section violated the “due process” clause of the Constitution of the United States (Const. Amend. 14), the hypothecation being made for security only, and that the procedure to enforce the contract must be by judicial procedure and sale upon execution by decree of court. No contention is made that the power of sale was not in all things strictly pursued.
This section of the statute entered into and became a part of the deed of hypothecation as fully as if set out therein. It is not contended that the power of sale was not set out in the instrument, nor that the requirements of the section 2924, supra, were not in detail performed.
That the trustor has power to confer upon the trustee, who may be the obligee to the deed of trust, the power to sell in accordance with the terms of the power given and a sale so made passes good title to' the property so sold has long since been judicially determined. Fogarty v. Sawyer, 17 Cal. 589; Bell Silver & Copper Mining Co. v. First National Bank, 156 U.S. 470, 15 S.Ct. 440, 39 L.Ed. 497; Grant v. Burr, 54 Cal. 298; Bateman v. Burr, 57 Cal. 480. The “due process” clause is not violated by the provisions of section 2924, supra.
That valid title passed on execution of such contractural power is unquestionable. Scott v. Paisley, 271 U.S. 632, 46 S. Ct. 591, 70 L.Ed. 1123. This is a case where the constitutionality of a like statute of Georgia was attacked.
Aside from the power of sale conferred in the instrument and the provisions of section 2924, supra, section 2932, Civil Code of California, provides: “A power of sale may be conferred by a mortgage upon the mortgagee or any other person, to be exercised after a breach of the obligation for which the mortgage is a security.” There is no merit in this appeal from any viewpoint of approach.
Appellees urge that appellants should be penalized by an award of damages to appellees for the prosecution of a frivolous appeal, and cite the following authorities: Wagner Electric Manufacturing Company v. Lamar Lyndon et al., 262 U.S. 226, 43 S. Ct. 589, 67 L.Ed. 961; Deming v. Carlisle Packing Co., 226 U.S. 102, 109, 33 S.Ct. 80, 57 L.Ed. 140, 144; Ballou v. Davis (C. C.A.) 75 F.(2d) 138, writ of certiorari denied 295 U.S. 766, 55 S.Ct. 926, 79 L.Ed. 1708.
It may be said that the court has such power and that many cases are added to this court’s congested docket by appeal, wherein we feel if further examination were made in the interest of efficient service to a client, and in discharge of the oath of office of the lawyer, appeal would many times not be made. The court may find in the interest of economy of time and substantial justice that penalties at times should be assessed, and this may be done, but it will not be done in this case.
Affirmed with costs.

Question: What is the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "natural persons"? Answer with a number.

Choices:

Answer: 0