What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
Note that if an individual is listed by name, but their appearance in the case is as a government official, then they should be counted as a government rather than as a private person. For example, in the case "Billy Jones & Alfredo Ruiz v Joe Smith" where Smith is a state prisoner who brought a civil rights suit against two of the wardens in the prison (Jones & Ruiz), the following values should be coded: number of appellants that fall into the category "natural persons" =0 and number that fall into the category "state governments, their agencies, and officials" =2. A similar logic should be applied to businesses and associations. Officers of a company or association whose role in the case is as a representative of their company or association should be coded as being a business or association rather than as a natural person. However, employees of a business or a government who are suing their employer should be coded as natural persons. Likewise, employees who are charged with criminal conduct for action that was contrary to the company policies should be considered natural persons.
If the title of a case listed a corporation by name and then listed the names of two individuals that the opinion indicated were top officers of the same corporation as the appellants, then the number of appellants should be coded as three and all three were coded as a business (with the identical detailed code). Similar logic should be applied when government officials or officers of an association were listed by name.
Your specific task is to determine the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "natural persons". If the total number cannot be determined (e.g., if the appellant is listed as "Smith, et. al." and the opinion does not specify who is included in the "et.al."), then answer 99.

Opinion:
UNITED STATES of America, Appellee, v. Albert BRACER, Defendant-Appellant.
No. 325, Docket 29364.
United States Court of Appeals Second Circuit.
Argued Jan. 27, 1965.
Decided March 9, 1965.
Philip Segal, New York City (Samuel Segal, New York City, on the brief), for defendant-appellant.
R. Harcourt Dodds, Asst. U. S. Atty., Southern Dist. of New York (Robert M. Morgenthau, U. S. Atty., and Jack D. Samuels, Asst. U. S. Atty., Southern Dist. of New York, on the brief), for appellee.
Before WATERMAN, SMITH and ANDERSON, Circuit Judges.
J. JOSEPH SMITH, Circuit Judge:
After a trial by jury in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, McLean, J., the appellant Bracer was found to have violated 21 U.S.C. §§ 173-174 by receiving, concealing, selling, and facilitating the transportation, etc., of approximately 4 grams and 340 grams of heroin on two separate occasions on April 10, 1963, and to have conspired with co-defendants Torres and Solero to violate §§ 173-174. He received concurrent 7-year sentences on all counts. Bracer was arrested without a warrant on April 10, 1963 following the arrest on April 8 of Solero, who informed the agents that he had been obtaining his heroin from Bracer. At the time of his arrest, Bracer’s car was searched and a package of heroin discovered on the floor, and while being interrogated Bracer volunteered to the arresting agent that he had additional heroin stored in his apartment. Bracer then consented to a search of his apartment. Bracer now contends that the search of his home was without his consent and hence unlawful, that his arrest without a warrant was illegal, in that probable cause was lacking, and that the heroin obtained at the time of his arrest was hence inadmissible evidence, and that there was insufficient evidence to support the conspiracy conviction. He has failed to demonstrate error on either of the substantive counts, and we affirm the judgment on the substantive counts. We do not reach the conspiracy count.
In the first place, the arresting agent Bailey had probable cause to make the arrest and to search Bracer’s automobile. The evidence outlined below, obtained through the agents’ surveillance showed to a high degree of probability that the appellant was an integral part of the distribution scheme and further served to substantiate Sol-ero’s claim that Bracer was the source. When, on April 1, Solero ventured out to obtain an additional ounce of heroin for Bailey who was acting as a purchaser, Solero was seen by the agents to proceed directly to Bracer’s apartment and to return immediately to Bailey with the additional heroin. Furthermore, the files of the narcotics bureau showed that Bracer had previously been convicted for a narcotics violation, and information Bailey had received from a fellow agent disclosed that appellant was engaged in the narcotics trade. Finally, on April 3, Solero told Bailey that he was going to meet his connection. Agents watching Solero then saw him proceed to a street corner in the Bronx where, after waiting a short while, he twice motioned to Bracer who drove past him on two different occasions without stopping; and, when Solero returned to Bailey, he told Bailey that he had just seen his connection, but that his connection for some reason did not stop.
26 U.S.C.A. § 7607 empowers a narcotics officer to make arrests without a warrant for violations of the narcotics laws when he has “reasonable grounds to believe that the person to be arrested has committed or is committing such violation.” “Reasonable grounds” is construed to mean probable cause, and probable cause is defined to mean more than mere suspicion, but not that the arresting officer be in possession of evidence sufficient to result in the conviction of the suspect — it requires evidence which would “warrant a man of reasonable caution in the belief” that a felony has been committed. Wong Sun v. United States, 371 U.S. 471, 479, 83 S.Ct. 407, 413, 9 L.Ed.2d 441 (1963). Whether there was probable cause for the arrest is held to be a factual determination depending on the particular facts of the case. See United States v. Williams, 336 F.2d 183 (2 Cir. 1964); United States v. Wai Lau, 329 F.2d 310 (2 Cir. 1964). The facts here plainly presented such reasonable grounds for Bracer’s arrest. In United States v. Smith, 308 F.2d 657 (2 Cir. 1962), cert. den. 372 U.S. 906, 83 S.Ct. 717, 9 L.Ed.2d 716 (1963), this court held that probable cause existed for the defendant’s arrest where an informer said he had bought from her, she had been observed meeting the informer, the description given agents by the informer proved to be correct and she appeared at the appointed time and place at which a sale of narcotics was to be made to an undercover agent. If the court in Smith was able to find sufficient reliable evidence, additional to the word of the narcotics peddler, to establish the requisite probable cause, then clearly there was probable cause for arresting Bracer whose activities were scrutinized at least as closely as Smith’s.
Bracer next contends that the search of his home was without his consent and hence unlawful. According to the Government, after the agents arrested Bracer, they informed him that they would have to obtain a search warrant in order to search his apartment. Bracer, it was claimed, then freely consented to such a search and led two agents to his apartment where an additional supply of heroin was uncovered. At trial, appellant moved to suppress the evidence thus obtained on the ground that he had withdrawn his consent upon reaching his apartment door.
The trial court denied the motion to suppress, finding that the search was conducted by the agents with the consent and approval of Bracer. While it is true that the Government has the burden of proving by clear and positive evidence that such consent was given, Channel v. United States, 285 F.2d 217 (9 Cir. 1960), the finding whether the consent was voluntarily given is a finding of fact that should not be lightly overturned by the appellate court. Here, there was evidence that after the agents told Bracer that they were going to get a search warrant for his apartment, he volunteered to take them to the apartment if only two agents would go along, so as not to frighten his wife and mother, that Bracer told his wife to let them in and that she did so, whereupon Bracer led the agents to the cabinet containing the heroin. Moreover, the situation presented here bears a striking resemblance to that of United States v. Smith, supra. In both cases the defendant was arrested while in the possession of narcotics and prior to the obtaining of consent for the subsequent search, and the consent was with knowledge that the agents could and would obtain a warrant, quite unlike the search before the arrest issue posed by United States v. Como, 340 F.2d 891, 2 Cir., January 26, 1965, slip opinion pp. 957, 960. The denial of the motion to suppress was correct. The judgment of conviction is affirmed.

Question: What is the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "natural persons"? Answer with a number.

Choices:

Answer: 1