What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
Note that if an individual is listed by name, but their appearance in the case is as a government official, then they should be counted as a government rather than as a private person. For example, in the case "Billy Jones & Alfredo Ruiz v Joe Smith" where Smith is a state prisoner who brought a civil rights suit against two of the wardens in the prison (Jones & Ruiz), the following values should be coded: number of appellants that fall into the category "natural persons" =0 and number that fall into the category "state governments, their agencies, and officials" =2. A similar logic should be applied to businesses and associations. Officers of a company or association whose role in the case is as a representative of their company or association should be coded as being a business or association rather than as a natural person. However, employees of a business or a government who are suing their employer should be coded as natural persons. Likewise, employees who are charged with criminal conduct for action that was contrary to the company policies should be considered natural persons.
If the title of a case listed a corporation by name and then listed the names of two individuals that the opinion indicated were top officers of the same corporation as the appellants, then the number of appellants should be coded as three and all three were coded as a business (with the identical detailed code). Similar logic should be applied when government officials or officers of an association were listed by name.
Your specific task is to determine the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives". If the total number cannot be determined (e.g., if the appellant is listed as "Smith, et. al." and the opinion does not specify who is included in the "et.al."), then answer 99.

Opinion:
STILZ v. BETHLEHEM SHIPBUILDING CORPORATION, Ltd.
No. 3744.
Circuit Court of Appeals, Third Circuit.
Argued Dec. 15, 1941.
Decided Dec. 29, 1941.
Appellant appeared on his own behalf.
No one appeared for appellee.
Before BIGGS, MARIS, and GOODRICH, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM.
The present application of the petitioner in this case is for a rehearing following the denial of the court of his petition for legal aid, filed July 17, 1941. The petitioner’s requests in this and other courts of the United States have been many. Their number should not and does not adversely affect his right to be patiently heard concerning the relief he quite evidently feels himself entitled to receive.
The petitioner is the owner of patents which have to do with oil burners, Nos. 945873 and 1066161. In Stilz v. United States, 1925, 269 U.S. 144, 46 S.Ct. 37, 70 L.Ed. 202 the Supreme Court affirmed a judgment of the Court of Claims, 59 Ct.Cl. 21, in which it was found that the United States had not infringed the petitioner’s patents. Following this litigation the petitioner sued other persons for alleged infringement in the District Court for the Southern District of New York and a decision adverse to his claims was affirmed by the Circuit Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit in Stilz v. Babcock & Wilcox Co., 1924, 5 F.2d 630. The next litigation was in the District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. Again the claim was infringement and again the decision was adverse to the petitioner. The District Court was affirmed by this court in Stilz v. Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corp., 3 Cir., 1928, 29 F.2d 156, certiorari denied 1929, 279 U.S. 834, 49 S.Ct. 254, 73 L.Ed. 983.
Since 1928 the petitioner has presented a series of applications to this court attacking both the action of the court in the decision last cited and the result in the litigation in the Second Circuit, as well as that in the Court of Claims and the Supreme Court of the United States. The chronological order of these attacks is as follows:
November 13, 1928 Petition for rehearing
November 21, 1928 Denied
December 5, 1928 Call for legal aid
January 11, 1929 Application for appeal to Supreme Court
January 14, 1929 Allowed
February 28, 1929 Supreme Court denied writ of certiorari
April 28, 1931 Motion for leave to file petition for rehearing
Permission granted
Petition for leave to file Bill of Review
Petition for rehearing
February 8, 1932 Order denying petition for rehearing and for leave to file Bill of Review
February 5, 1940 Petition for rehearing
February 8, 1940 February 20, 1940 Denied Petition to remand to District Court
February 24, 1940 Denied
March 18, 1940 Motion to amend petition for rehearing
Denied
Petition for investigation
March 19, 1940 Denied
April 2, 1940 Petition for review extraordinary
April 3, 1940 Dismissed
May 24, 1940 Petition for rehearing on petition for rehearing
June 5, 1940 Denied
June 11, 1941 Petition for reconsideration of petition for rehearing
July 9, 1941 Denied
July 17, 1941 Motion for legal aid
October 6, 1941 Supplementary motion for leave to prosecute further
October 91941 Application for legal aid denied
October 10, 1941 Supplementary motion denied
The petitioner is in error in so far as he suggests that adverse rulings against him in this long series of applications have been through any failure on the part of the court to consider his points. They were considered when presented; they have been reexamined upon the presentation of this motion. No one, so far as this court is advised, has attacked the petitioner’s patent. For all we know it may be highly valuable and, if used, might revolutionize industry and produce wide public benefit. The points presented in the litigation he has brought have been the alleged infringement of his patent by others. This is a question for each individual case. The responsibility for the decision is vested in the courts and in each instance that responsibility has been met by a careful examination of the claims and a decision upon the questions presented. The petitioner suggests that certain evidence, which he was told would be considered without being reprinted was not so considered. If taken literally this suggestion constitutes a serious charge against those who compose the court. We realize, however, that unsuccessful litigants are not apt to feel that the court has adequately considered their side of a case which they have lost. The petitioner also indicates the view that his case has not received adequate consideration because he presented it himself instead of having counsel to present it for him. We do not feel that there has been any failure to understand the points made by the petitioner. Indeed, so far back as the litigation in 1928, the opinion of this court specifically mentioned the fact that petitioner, although unlearned in the law, had presented his side of the controversy in clear and understandable fashion.
So long as questions in litigation have to be answered by fallible human beings there can be no guaranty against human mistakes. The most that courts can do is answer the questions presented as best they can. This consideration the petitioner has had throughout his long course of litigation. The courts are open to him if, in his judgment, other persons are thought to be infringing his patent. But so far as the litigation already engaged in is concerned the consideration already given concludes it.
The motion for reconsideration is denied.

Question: What is the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives"? Answer with a number.

Choices:

Answer: 0