What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
Note that if an individual is listed by name, but their appearance in the case is as a government official, then they should be counted as a government rather than as a private person. For example, in the case "Billy Jones & Alfredo Ruiz v Joe Smith" where Smith is a state prisoner who brought a civil rights suit against two of the wardens in the prison (Jones & Ruiz), the following values should be coded: number of appellants that fall into the category "natural persons" =0 and number that fall into the category "state governments, their agencies, and officials" =2. A similar logic should be applied to businesses and associations. Officers of a company or association whose role in the case is as a representative of their company or association should be coded as being a business or association rather than as a natural person. However, employees of a business or a government who are suing their employer should be coded as natural persons. Likewise, employees who are charged with criminal conduct for action that was contrary to the company policies should be considered natural persons.
If the title of a case listed a corporation by name and then listed the names of two individuals that the opinion indicated were top officers of the same corporation as the appellants, then the number of appellants should be coded as three and all three were coded as a business (with the identical detailed code). Similar logic should be applied when government officials or officers of an association were listed by name.
Your specific task is to determine the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives". If the total number cannot be determined (e.g., if the appellant is listed as "Smith, et. al." and the opinion does not specify who is included in the "et.al."), then answer 99.

Opinion:
UNITED STATES for Use and Benefit of MARIO PANDOLF CO., Inc. v. NASSIF et al.
No. 4596.
United States Court of Appeals First Circuit.
March 6, 1952.
Reuben L. Lurie, Boston, Mass. (Lurie, Alper & Gorovitz, Boston, Mass., on the brief), for appellant.
James Charles Roy, Boston, Mass., for appellees.
Before CLARK, WOODBURY and HARTIGAN, Circuit Judges.
WOODBURY, Circuit Judge.
This is an appeal from a final judgment entered on a directed verdict for the defendants in an action brought under § 2 of the Miller Act, so called. 49 Stat. 794 ; 40 U.S.C.A. § 270b.
The use plaintiff, Mario Pandolf Company, Inc., is a Massachusetts corporation which in October, 1942, owned a gasoline shovel and a grease gun to go with it. On October 29 of that year by written agreement it leased the above property to a Massachusetts citizen named John Gallo for an indeterminate period of time at a stipulated monthly rental, Gallo agreeing to maintain the property in good working order and to return it “in the same condition as received, namely A-l condition, less reasonable wear and tear.” Gallo moved the property from its location in New Bedford, Massachusetts, to the military airfield in Bedford, Massachusetts, where Gallo expected to use it in performing work as a subcontractor under David Nassif, another Massachusetts citizen, who as the prime contractor with the United States was engaged in enlarging the field. Gallo and Nassif, however, never came to final terms, and Gallo never performed any work on the airfield as a subcontractor under Nassif. The property lay on the field unused until November 28 when an employee of Nassif began to use it in the prosecution of his employer’s contract. The property was so used until December 17 when the shovel suffered a major breakdown and it remained at the field thereafter until the plaintiff removed it in July 1943. Apparently Gallo knew that the shovel was being used, but did not know who was using it until after the breakdown.
In this action recovery under the Miller Act is sought against Nassif and his sureties for the fair rental value of the shovel, and also for the damage it is alleged to have sustained by reason of Nassif’s negligence. Concededly the procedural requirements for suit under the Act were complied with, so the sole question is whether the use plaintiff qualifies as one who is entitled to bring suit under the Act.
Undoubtedly property belonging to Pandolf contributed to the prosecution of the work called for in Nassif’s prime contract, and apparently Nassif never paid anyone for the use of that property. But, also undoubtedly, Pandolf never had any direct dealings with Nassif, and Gallo, with whom Pandolf dealt exclusively, was never a subcontractor under Nassif. And in Clifford F. MacEvoy Co. v. United States for Use and Benefit of Calvin Tomkins Co., 1944, 322 U.S. 102, 107, 64 S.Ct. 890, 894, 88 L.Ed. 1163, the Supreme Court said: “The proviso of Section 2(a), which had no counterpart in the Heard Act, makes clear that the right to bring suit on a payment bond is limited to- (1) those materialmen, laborers and subcontractors who deal directly with the prime contractor and (2) those materialmen, laborers and sub-contractors who, lacking express or implied contractual relationship with the prime contractor, have direct contractual relationship with a subcontractor and who give the statutory notice of their claims to the prime contractor. To allow those in more remote relationships to recover on the bond would be contrary to the clear language of the proviso and to the expressed will of the framers of the Act.”
Thus as we see it the present action cannot be maintained, and the use plaintiff herein must have resort to whatever remedies may be available to it aside from the Miller Act.
The judgment of the District Court is affirmed.

Question: What is the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives"? Answer with a number.

Choices:

Answer: 1