What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals. Your task is to identify whether the opinion writter is identified in the opinion or whether the opinion was per curiam.

Opinion:
HARTFORD-EMPIRE COMPANY, Petitioner, v. Charles B. FARIS, District Judge.
No. 362.
Circuit Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit.
March 26, 1931.
A. C. Paxil, of Chicago, HI., for petitioner.
Lawrence C. Kingsland, of St. Louis, Mo., for respondent.
PER CURIAM.
Motion for leave to file petition for writ of mandamus and prohibition granted, and petition denied.

Question: Is the opinion writer identified in the opinion, or was the opinion per curiam?

Choices:
Signed, with reasons
Per curiam, with reasons
Not ascertained

Answer: 1