What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
Note that if an individual is listed by name, but their appearance in the case is as a government official, then they should be counted as a government rather than as a private person. For example, in the case "Billy Jones & Alfredo Ruiz v Joe Smith" where Smith is a state prisoner who brought a civil rights suit against two of the wardens in the prison (Jones & Ruiz), the following values should be coded: number of appellants that fall into the category "natural persons" =0 and number that fall into the category "state governments, their agencies, and officials" =2. A similar logic should be applied to businesses and associations. Officers of a company or association whose role in the case is as a representative of their company or association should be coded as being a business or association rather than as a natural person. However, employees of a business or a government who are suing their employer should be coded as natural persons. Likewise, employees who are charged with criminal conduct for action that was contrary to the company policies should be considered natural persons.
If the title of a case listed a corporation by name and then listed the names of two individuals that the opinion indicated were top officers of the same corporation as the appellants, then the number of appellants should be coded as three and all three were coded as a business (with the identical detailed code). Similar logic should be applied when government officials or officers of an association were listed by name.
Your specific task is to determine the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "fiduciaries". If the total number cannot be determined (e.g., if the appellant is listed as "Smith, et. al." and the opinion does not specify who is included in the "et.al."), then answer 99.

Opinion:
UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Kim M. LEE, Defendant-Appellant.
No. 86-1032.
United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.
Submitted July 22, 1986.
Decided Sept. 24, 1986.
Allen Turbyfill, Sp: Asst. U.S. Atty., Honolulu, Hawaii, for plaintiff-appellee.
H. Dean Steward, Asst. Federal Public Defender, Honolulu, Hawaii, for defendant-appellant.
Before BROWNING, Chief Judge, and MERRILL and KOELSCH, Circuit Judges.
The panel finds this case appropriate for submission without argument pursuant to 9th Cir. R. 3(f) and Fed.R.App.P. 34(a).
PER CURIAM:
Defendant Lee appeals an order affirming his conviction following a jury trial before a United States magistrate for assault in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 113(d) (1982), and disorderly conduct in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 13 (1982) and Hawaii Rev. Stat. § 711-1101. Defendant claims the magistrate erred by failing to grant a mistrial for an alleged violation of the witness exclusion rule, and by permitting an assault victim to display to the jury a scar where defendant had bitten the victim. We affirm.
Defendant was tried for his part in an altercation at a military base club. The presiding magistrate invoked the witness exclusion rule, pursuant to Fed.R.Evid. 615. During the trial, defendant’s counsel complained that the prosecutor’s assistant regularly went out of the courtroom and communicated with witnesses in violation of the court’s order. The magistrate conducted hearings to examine this conduct, and found the conduct was improper, but it did not prejudice the defendant.
Assuming arguendo the conduct was improper, it was not an abuse of discretion to hold it was not prejudicial. Since the sequestered witnesses presented conflicting testimony, their contact with the prosecutor’s assistant did not lead them to conform their accounts. Defendant’s other theories of possible prejudice are speculative at best.
We cannot say the magistrate abused his discretion in allowing display of the scar. An evidentiary ruling of this type is rarely disturbed on appeal. See, e.g., United States v. Brady, 579 F.2d 1121, 1129 (9th Cir.1978) (photograph of victim who was beaten to death admittedly “not for the faint hearted” but admissible). The location and size of the scar were directly probative of the severity of the wound the defendant inflicted and of the accuracy of the conflicting theories of the government and the defense as to how the altercation proceeded. Defendant made no showing that the scar was so gruesome that it tended unfairly to inflame the jury’s passions.
Defendant argues that his willingness to stipulate to the existence of the scar made it unnecessary, and therefore error, to admit the scar itself into evidence. A trial court had discretion to allow the proof despite defendant’s offer to stipulate. See, e.g., United States v. O’Shea, 724 F.2d 1514, 1516 (11th Cir.1984); United States v. Hearod, 499 F.2d 1003, 1004-05 (5th Cir.1974) (per curiam). As we have said, it was not an abuse of discretion to allow the display on the facts of this case.
AFFIRMED.

Question: What is the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "fiduciaries"? Answer with a number.

Choices:

Answer: 0