What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
Note that if an individual is listed by name, but their appearance in the case is as a government official, then they should be counted as a government rather than as a private person. For example, in the case "Billy Jones & Alfredo Ruiz v Joe Smith" where Smith is a state prisoner who brought a civil rights suit against two of the wardens in the prison (Jones & Ruiz), the following values should be coded: number of appellants that fall into the category "natural persons" =0 and number that fall into the category "state governments, their agencies, and officials" =2. A similar logic should be applied to businesses and associations. Officers of a company or association whose role in the case is as a representative of their company or association should be coded as being a business or association rather than as a natural person. However, employees of a business or a government who are suing their employer should be coded as natural persons. Likewise, employees who are charged with criminal conduct for action that was contrary to the company policies should be considered natural persons.
If the title of a case listed a corporation by name and then listed the names of two individuals that the opinion indicated were top officers of the same corporation as the appellants, then the number of appellants should be coded as three and all three were coded as a business (with the identical detailed code). Similar logic should be applied when government officials or officers of an association were listed by name.
Your specific task is to determine the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "natural persons". If the total number cannot be determined (e.g., if the appellant is listed as "Smith, et. al." and the opinion does not specify who is included in the "et.al."), then answer 99.

Opinion:
Arthur J. WATSON, Appellant, v. Wayne K. PATTERSON, Warden, Colorado State Penitentiary, Appellee.
No. 8398.
United States Court of Appeals Tenth Circuit.
March 25, 1966.
Albert B. Wolf, Denver, Colo., for appellant.
John P. Moore, Asst. Atty. Gen. (Duke W. Dunbar, Atty. Gen., and Frank E. Hickey, Deputy Atty. Gen., on the brief), for appellee.
Before LEWIS, BREITENSTEIN and HILL, Circuit Judges.
HILL, Circuit Judge.
Appellant, an inmate of the Colorado State Penitentiary serving a life sentence for the crime of murder, appeals from an adverse decision of the court below which denied his petition for a writ of habeas corpus.
In his original pro se petition, Watson asserted three grounds of error committed by the state trial court. First, he contended that he. was denied due process when the court failed to appoint sufficient expert witnesses to aid in his defense, second, that he was denied access to statements made by eye witnesses to the crime which he desired for impeachment purposes, and third, that the trial court erroneously admitted evidence relating to a separate and distinct crime of auto theft which prejudiced the jury. All of these contentions have previously been presented to the Colorado Supreme Court in Watson’s direct appeal. Hence, no question of exhaustion of state remedies is involved.
Of the three issues raised by Watson in his petition and decided adversely to appellant where state remedies had been exhausted, only one is urged here on appeal for reversal. It relates to the state trial court’s refusal to appoint sufficient experts to aid Watson in his trial. In this regard, appellant’s petition discloses that he requested the trial court to appoint the following to aid in his defense: A psychiatrist, a private investigator and ballistic experts equal to those used by the state. The court did appoint one qualified ballistic expert to assist the appointed defense counsel but refused to appoint any others. It appears that the state used three ballistic experts at the trial. Appellant concedes that he has found no cases directly holding that the appointment of experts is a constitutional requisite ; nor has our search revealed any such cases. We agree with the court below on this matter. “Fundamental fairness” is the test of due process, Silva v. Cox, 10th Cir., 351 F.2d 61, and we see nothing so unfair here as to raise a federal constitutional issue.
After the pro se petition was filed, the court below appointed counsel for Watson and in a traverse to the respondent’s show cause answer, four additional grounds of error were alleged. These four latter errors asserted appellant was deprived of counsel in his state court appeal, that he was denied the right to represent himself in his state court trial, that the state trial judge was biased, and finally that the trial court erroneously admitted into evidence an incriminating admission concerning the theft of two automobiles which occurred on the night of the murder and that the admission was made by appellant to police officers without having been advised of his right to counsel. Of these four new allegations, only the issue of the trial judge’s bias had been presented to the Colorado courts, supra, note 1. The issue of the admissibility of appellant’s admission of auto theft during the murder trial has been presented to the Colorado Supreme Court but only upon a strict evidentiary question. It was not until the traverse that the contention was made that the admission of auto theft should not have been received in evidence because elicited from appellant before he was advised of his right to counsel.
The trial court recognized that three of the errors asserted in the traverse had not been previously presented to the state courts, but chose to consider all the issues raised rather than consider the contentions in a piece meal basis. We recognize the dilemma presented to a federal court in a habeas corpus proceeding where a state prisoner asserts a multitude of errors only some of which have been previously presented to the state courts. Yet, we are bound to the rule which requires a state prisoner to exhaust his state remedies where adequate, effective and available before seeking relief from the federal courts. Rule 35(b) of the Colorado Rules of Criminal Procedure is available to the appellant in Colorado to test the issues not previously presented to the state courts. That remedy has not been exhausted and there is no showing that it is inadequate.
Therefore, we must conclude that the trial court improperly proceeded to hear and determine the three new issues raised by appellant in his traverse. The trial court’s order denying the writ will not be disturbed but appellant is not precluded from pursuing his presently available Colorado state court remedies for a determination of these new issues.
Affirmed.
. Watson v. People, Colo., 394 P.2d 737 (1964).
. 28 U.S.C. § 2254; Fay v. Noia, 372 U.S. 391, 83 S.Ct. 822, 9 L.Ed.2d 837; Patterson v. Hampton, 10 Cir., 355 F.2d 470; Barber v. Page, 10 Cir., 355 F.2d 171; Burns v. Crouse, 10 Cir., 353 F.2d 489.

Question: What is the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "natural persons"? Answer with a number.

Choices:

Answer: 1