What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
When coding the detailed nature of participants, use your personal knowledge about the participants, if you are completely confident of the accuracy of your knowledge, even if the specific information is not in the opinion. For example, if "IBM" is listed as the appellant it could be classified as "clearly national or international in scope" even if the opinion did not indicate the scope of the business. 

Your task concerns the first listed appellant. The nature of this litigant falls into the category "natural person (excludes persons named in their official capacity or who appear because of a role in a private organization)". Your task is to determine which of these categories best describes the income of the litigant. Consider the following categories: "not ascertained", "poor + wards of state" (e.g., patients at state mental hospital; not prisoner unless specific indication that poor), "presumed poor" (e.g., migrant farm worker), "presumed wealthy" (e.g., high status job - like medical doctors, executives of corporations that are national in scope, professional athletes in the NBA or NFL; upper 1/5 of income bracket), "clear indication of wealth in opinion", "other - above poverty line but not clearly wealthy" (e.g., public school teachers, federal government employees)." Note that "poor" means below the federal poverty line; e.g., welfare or food stamp recipients. There must be some specific indication in the opinion that you can point to before anyone is classified anything other than "not ascertained". Prisoners filing "pro se" were classified as poor, but litigants in civil cases who proceed pro se were not presumed to be poor. Wealth obtained from the crime at issue in a criminal case was not counted when determining the wealth of the criminal defendant (e.g., drug dealers).

Opinion:
Kenneth William CRANFORD, Appellant, v. Felix RODRIGUEZ, Acting Warden, New Mexico State Penitentiary, Appellee.
No. 9050.
United States Court of Appeals Tenth Circuit.
Feb. 10, 1967.
Forrest S. Smith, Santa Fe, N. M., for appellant.
L. D. Harris, Special Asst. Atty. Gen., Albuquerque, N. M. (Boston E. Witt, Atty. Gen., Santa Fe, N. M., with him on the brief), for appellee.
Before PICKETT and SETH, Circuit Judges, and BROWN, United States District Judge.
WESLEY E. BROWN, District Judge.
Appellant Cranford was convicted in a New Mexico state court of obtaining property with intent to cheat or defraud. He appeared without counsel and entered a plea of guilty. He contends that there was no intelligent and competent waiver of counsel, that he did not waive his constitutional right to a preliminary hearing, and lastly, that the totality of circumstances show that his plea of guilty was not competently made.
The court below held a hearing at which Cranford was present and testified. The transcript of the arraignment proceedings was introduced. It discloses that Cranford waived possession of a copy of the information for 24 hours, appointment of counsel, preliminary hearing, and his right to a jury, and entered his plea of guilty. The trial judge’s inquiry of Cranford was careful and extended, and the record thereof contradicts his contentions made here.
The burden upon the trial judge to assure that a defendant’s waiver of counsel is intelligently and understandingly made is outlined in Shawan v. Cox, 350 F.2d 909 (10th Cir. 1965): “He must investigate to the end that there can be no question about the waiver, which should include an explanation of the charge, the punishment provided by law, any possible defenses to the charge or circumstances in mitigation thereof and explain all other facts of the case essential for the accused to have a complete understanding.”
The sentencing court’s inquiry meets the standards of Shawan, supra. The explanation of the charge was full and unambiguous: it set forth the facts alleged to constitute the offense, the articles obtained, the date thereof, the use of a credit card belonging to another, and identified the offense as obtaining property with intent to cheat or defraud. No possible defense or mitigating circumstance was apparent to the court. He explained the possible punishment in clear and precise terms.
Nonetheless, Cranford contends that under the “totality of circumstances,” his guilty plea was not understandingly made. However, the only circumstance to which our attention is directed is a statement by appellant to the court before sentencing:
“I don’t know whether she stole it or it was given her.
Q. (By the Court) * * * Now it’s true that the girl involved was not picked up. I don’t know why. But she is just as guilty as you are, if I understand the situation correctly. She is the one that stole the card.
A. I don’t know whether she stole it or it was given to her.
Q. But she had the card?
A. Yes.
Q. But you knowingly bought this stuff knowing the card didn’t belong to you?
A. Yes, sir, and I give it back to her.”
Cranford asserts that this exchange indicates the existence of a possible defense of lack of intent, and that the court failed to inquire further, thereby vitiating his waiver of counsel at arraignment. We cannot overlook the fact that the single criminal element in the entire transaction as alleged in the information and described to Cranford was that the use of the credit card was accompanied by an intent thereby to cheat or defraud. The words “intent to cheat or defraud” or “fraudulent deception” were used four separate times in identifying the offense at the arraignment and plea. It is clear Cranford understood and intended to and did fraudulently use the credit card as charged in the information.
Cranford waived his right to a preliminary examination when he competently, understandingly and voluntarily pled to an information, without challenging the information on the ground that he had not been accorded a valid preliminary examination. Pearce v. Cox, 354 F.2d 884 at 891 (10th Cir. 1965).
Affirmed.

Question: This question concerns the first listed appellant. The nature of this litigant falls into the category "natural person (excludes persons named in their official capacity or who appear because of a role in a private organization)". Which of these categories best describes the income of the litigant?

Choices:
not ascertained
poor + wards of state
presumed poor
presumed wealthy
clear indication of wealth in opinion
other - above poverty line but not clearly wealthy

Answer: 0