What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals. Your task is to identify whether the opinion writter is identified in the opinion or whether the opinion was per curiam.

Opinion:
Gust BESTE v. UNITED STATES of America.
No. 5676.
Circuit Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit.
Dec. 3, 1930.
Edw. J. Dwyer and W. J. Hennes, both of Detroit, Mich., for appellant.
John R. Watkins, U. S. Atty., of Detroit, Mich.
PER CURIAM.
Judgment of District Court affirmed by court order.

Question: Is the opinion writer identified in the opinion, or was the opinion per curiam?

Choices:
Signed, with reasons
Per curiam, with reasons
Not ascertained

Answer: 1