What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
Note that if an individual is listed by name, but their appearance in the case is as a government official, then they should be counted as a government rather than as a private person. For example, in the case "Billy Jones & Alfredo Ruiz v Joe Smith" where Smith is a state prisoner who brought a civil rights suit against two of the wardens in the prison (Jones & Ruiz), the following values should be coded: number of appellants that fall into the category "natural persons" =0 and number that fall into the category "state governments, their agencies, and officials" =2. A similar logic should be applied to businesses and associations. Officers of a company or association whose role in the case is as a representative of their company or association should be coded as being a business or association rather than as a natural person. However, employees of a business or a government who are suing their employer should be coded as natural persons. Likewise, employees who are charged with criminal conduct for action that was contrary to the company policies should be considered natural persons.
If the title of a case listed a corporation by name and then listed the names of two individuals that the opinion indicated were top officers of the same corporation as the appellants, then the number of appellants should be coded as three and all three were coded as a business (with the identical detailed code). Similar logic should be applied when government officials or officers of an association were listed by name.
Your specific task is to determine the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "natural persons". If the total number cannot be determined (e.g., if the appellant is listed as "Smith, et. al." and the opinion does not specify who is included in the "et.al."), then answer 99.

Opinion:
UNITED STATES of America, Appellant, v. Dale Paul GLUP, Appellee.
Crim. No. 72-1777.
United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit.
Submitted May 17, 1973.
Decided Aug. 13, 1973.
Thomas D. Thalken, Asst. U. S. Atty., Omaha, Neb., for appellant.
William M. Lamson, Jr., Omaha, Neb., for appellee.
Before VAN OOSTERHOUT, Senior Circuit Judge, HEANEY, Circuit Judge, and TALBOT SMITH
Hon. Talbot Smith, United States Senior District Judge, Eastern District of Michigan, sitting by designation.
TALBOT SMITH, Senior District Judge.
The case before us challenges the sufficiency of count one of the indictment. Such count alleges “that from on or about November 30, 1969 to on or about June 8, 1970, in the District of Nebraska, Dale Paul Glup willfully and knowingly engaged in the business of dealing in firearms in interstate commerce at 5608 Weir Street, Omaha, Nebraska, without having been licensed to do so under the provisions of Chapter 44, Title 18, United States Code.
“In violation of section 922(a)(1) and 924(a), Title 18, United States Code.”
The objection made is that the indictment “is vague and indefinite and fails to inform the accused of what acts he must defend against.” Reliance is had principally upon United States v. Cruikshank, 92 U.S. 542, 23 L.Ed. 588 (1875), Ex Parte Bain, 121 U.S. 1, 7 S.Ct. 781, 30 L.Ed. 849 (1886), and United States v. Hess, 124 U.S. 483, 8 S.Ct. 571, 31 L.Ed. 516 (1888).
There was a time in the history of our law when the indictment was an instrument of such archaic and arcane verbosity that it served more to confuse than to enlighten. Thus an indictment for “Selling a Diseased Cow in the Public Market” required three printed pages of fine print. Such exercises are now, happily, things of the past. As we held in Taylor v. United States, 332 F.2d 918 (8th Cir. 1964):
“Rule 7(c), Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, 18 U.S.C.A., provides in part:
“The indictment or the information shall be a plain, concise and definite written statement of the essential facts constituting the offense charged. * * * It need not contain * * * any other matter not necessary to such statement.”
The Supreme Court in United States v. Debrow, 1953, 346 U.S. 374, 376, 74 S.Ct. 113, 114, 98 L.Ed. 92, in construing Rule 7 (c), stated:
“ ‘The true test of the sufficiency of an indictment is not whether it could have been made more definite and certain, but whether it contains the elements of the offense intended to be charged, “and sufficiently apprises the defendant of what he must be prepared to meet, and, in case any other proceedings are taken against him for a similar offense, whether the record shows with accuracy to what extent he may plead a former acquittal or conviction.” ’ ” [Quotation marks as appearing in original.]
An analysis of the indictment, supra, in the light of the applicable statutes, set forth hereinabove, makes clear that it contains the elements of the offense charged. Our conclusion, as we noted in United States v. Anderson, 447 F.2d 833 (8th Cir. 1971), is strengthened by the fact that the indictment substantially follows those found in the Appendix of Forms attached to the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure. It is true that the indictment before us is not replete with the details formerly thought necessary for a complete indictment. Thus appellant points out that he is not informed by the indictment whether he is to be tried as a seller of “bombs or grenades; rockets or missiles,” or is a “pawnbroker.” Such arguments, if accepted, would have no end as we proceeded next to what kind of a bomb was meant, or what was the category of missile or rocket. This is not to say that such questions may not be material. But what we must distinguish, in the issue before us, are those matters constitutionally essential from those informative only.
Such discovery as is authorized by the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure may be obtained by utilization, in part, of Rule 7(f), of a motion for a bill of particulars, its grant or denial remaining within the sound discretion of the trial court.
The dismissal of the indictment is reversed and the case remanded.
. 18 U.S.O., § 922. Unlawful acts (a) It shall be unlawful—
(1) for any person, except a licensed importer, licensed manufacturer, or licensed dealer, to engage in the business of importing, manufacturing, or dealing in firearms or ammunition, or in the course of such business to ship, transport, or receive any firearm or ammunition in interstate or foreign commerce; 18 U.S.C. § 924. Penalties
(a) Whoever violates any provision of this chapter or knowingly makes any false statement or representation with respect to the information required by the provisions of this chapter to be kept in the records of a person licensed under this chapter, or in applying for any license or exemption or relief from disability under the provisions of this chapter, shall be fined not more than $5,000, or imprisoned not more than five years, or both, and shall become eligible for parole as the Board of Parole shall determine.
See, also, 18 U.S.C. §§ 921(a)(3) and (11) defining “firearm” and “dealer” respectively :
18 U.S.C. § 921. Definitions (a) As used in this chapter—
(3) The term “firearm” means (A) any weapon (including a starter gun) which will or is designed to or may readily be converted to expel a projectile by the action of an explosive; (B) the frame or receiver of any such weapon; (C) any firearm muffler or firearm silencer; or (D) any destructive device. Such term does not include an antique firearm.
(11) The term “dealer” means (A) any person engaged in the business of selling firearms or ammunition at wholesale or retail, (B) any person engaged in the business of repairing firearms or of making or fitting special barrels, stocks, or trigger mechanisms to firearms, or (O) any person who is a pawnbroker. The term “licensed dealer” means any dealer who is licensed under the provisions of this chapter.
. Joyce, Indictments (1908), pp. 834-837.
. “The [Rules] were designed to eliminate technicalities in criminal pleading and are to be construed to secure simplicity of procedure.” United States v. Debrow, 346 U.S. 374, 74 S.Ct. 113, 98 L.Ed. 92 (1953), reversing the dismissal of a perjury indictment for failure to state the name of the person administering the oath. See, also, Committee Notes on Rule 7(c), 8 Moore’s Federal Practice § 7.01 [2]:—“This rule introduces a simple form of indictment, illustrated by Forms 1 to 11 in the ‘Appendix of Forms’.”
. See United States v. Bagdasian, 291 F.2d 163 (4th Cir. 1961), cert. den. 368 U. S. 834, 82 S.Ct. 60, 7 L.Ed.2d 36 (1961); Martin v. United States, 285 F.2d 150 (10th Cir. 1960), cert. den. 365 U.S. 853, 81 S.Ct. 818, 5 L.Ed.2d 816 (1961); Cf. Form 5, Fed.R.Crim.Proc.App. of Forms, indicting John Doe, in that “On or about the -- day of -, 19 — , in the - District of -, [he] carried on the business of a distiller without having given bond as required by law.”
. “The specificity formerly held necessary to charge an offense is no longer required or sanctioned.” Donnelly v. United States, 185 F.2d 559 (10th Cir. 1950), cert. den. 340 U.S. 949, 71 S.Ct. 528, 95 L.Ed. 684 (1950).

Question: What is the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "natural persons"? Answer with a number.

Choices:

Answer: 0