What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
When coding the detailed nature of participants, use your personal knowledge about the participants, if you are completely confident of the accuracy of your knowledge, even if the specific information is not in the opinion. For example, if "IBM" is listed as the appellant it could be classified as "clearly national or international in scope" even if the opinion did not indicate the scope of the business. 

Your task concerns the first listed appellant. The nature of this litigant falls into the category "natural person (excludes persons named in their official capacity or who appear because of a role in a private organization)". Your task is to determine which of these categories best describes the income of the litigant. Consider the following categories: "not ascertained", "poor + wards of state" (e.g., patients at state mental hospital; not prisoner unless specific indication that poor), "presumed poor" (e.g., migrant farm worker), "presumed wealthy" (e.g., high status job - like medical doctors, executives of corporations that are national in scope, professional athletes in the NBA or NFL; upper 1/5 of income bracket), "clear indication of wealth in opinion", "other - above poverty line but not clearly wealthy" (e.g., public school teachers, federal government employees)." Note that "poor" means below the federal poverty line; e.g., welfare or food stamp recipients. There must be some specific indication in the opinion that you can point to before anyone is classified anything other than "not ascertained". Prisoners filing "pro se" were classified as poor, but litigants in civil cases who proceed pro se were not presumed to be poor. Wealth obtained from the crime at issue in a criminal case was not counted when determining the wealth of the criminal defendant (e.g., drug dealers).

Opinion:
PON v. UNITED STATES.
No. 4315.
Circuit Court of Appeals, First Circuit.
May 25, 1948.
Michael Carchia, of Boston, Mass., for appellant.
W. Arthur Garrity, Jr., Asst. U. S. Atty., of Boston, Mass. (William T. McCarthy, U. S. Atty., of Boston, Mass., on the brief), for appellee.
Before MAHONEY and WOODBURY, Circuit Judges, and PETERS, District Judge.
PETERS, District Judge.
The defendant has appealed from a judgment of conviction after a trial by jury upon his plea of not guilty to an indictment charging him with a violation of Section 174, Title 21 U.S.C.A., by receiving and concealing narcotic drugs.
At the conclusion of the evidence defendant’s counsel moved for an acquittal on the ground that the arrest of the defendant was illegal. This motion was renewed after a verdict of guilty was taken, accompanied by a motion for a new trial. The motions were denied.
The defendant attacks the jurisdiction of the court over his person on the ground that the officers, who arrested him without a warrant, had no reasonable cause to believe that he had committed a felony. The motion for a new trial was based on the claim that the verdict was not supported by substantial evidence.
We are impressed by neither of these contentions.
The defendant went to trial on his plea of not guilty without objecting to the jurisdiction of the court over his person and thereby waived such objection. He cannot question the legality of his arrest at a later stage in the proceeding. This has long been the rule .and the practice.
“While the competency of any court to adjudicate the subject matter may always be questioned, jurisdiction of the person, if not challenged upon appearance, is equivalent to consent.” Chapman v. Scott, D.C., 10 F.2d 156, 159, Affirmed 2 Cir., 10 F.2d 690; Ford v. United States, 273 U.S. 593-606, 47 S.Ct. 531, 71 L.Ed. 793.
Rule 12(b) (2) of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, 18 U.S.C.A. following section 723c, provides that “Defenses and objections based on defects in the institution of the prosecution or in the indictment or information other than that it fails to show jurisdiction in the court or to charge an offense may be raised only by motion before trial. The motion shall include all such defenses and objections then available to the defendant. Failure to present any such defense or objection as herein provided constitutes a waiver thereof, but the court for cause shown may grant relief from the waiver”.
The same rule also provides that, “Lack of jurisdiction or the failure of the indictment or information to charge an offense shall be noticed by the court at any time during the pendency of the proceeding”.
The “lack of jurisdiction” referred to in this part of the rule obviously refers to jurisdiction over the subject matter, which a defendant has no power to waive. But even if the point had been seasonably raised it does not appear that the defendant would be any better off. The validity of his arrest is to be determined by the law of Massachusetts (United States v. Di Re, 332 U.S. 581, 68 S.Ct. 222) under which an arrest by an officer without a warrant is authorized if the officer has reasonable grounds to believe that a felony was committed by the defendant. Commonwealth v. Carey, 12 Cush. 246; Commonwealth v. Phelps, 209 Mass. 396, 95 N.E. 868, Ann.Cas.1912B, 566; Wax v. McGrath, 255 Mass. 340, 151 N.E. 317.
Although the question of “reasonable grounds” was not made an issue at the trial it is reasonably clear from the record that officers familiar with this class of crimes and with the devious methods of the violators of the narcotic acts could properly conclude from the information in their possession that the defendant, in all probability, had committed a felony, and that they acted lawfully in arresting him on his attempt to elude them.
An examination of the record of the trial satisfies us that there was substantial evidence warranting the verdict of the jury.
The judgment of the District Court is affirmed.

Question: This question concerns the first listed appellant. The nature of this litigant falls into the category "natural person (excludes persons named in their official capacity or who appear because of a role in a private organization)". Which of these categories best describes the income of the litigant?

Choices:
not ascertained
poor + wards of state
presumed poor
presumed wealthy
clear indication of wealth in opinion
other - above poverty line but not clearly wealthy

Answer: 0