What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
Note that if an individual is listed by name, but their appearance in the case is as a government official, then they should be counted as a government rather than as a private person. For example, in the case "Billy Jones & Alfredo Ruiz v Joe Smith" where Smith is a state prisoner who brought a civil rights suit against two of the wardens in the prison (Jones & Ruiz), the following values should be coded: number of appellants that fall into the category "natural persons" =0 and number that fall into the category "state governments, their agencies, and officials" =2. A similar logic should be applied to businesses and associations. Officers of a company or association whose role in the case is as a representative of their company or association should be coded as being a business or association rather than as a natural person. However, employees of a business or a government who are suing their employer should be coded as natural persons. Likewise, employees who are charged with criminal conduct for action that was contrary to the company policies should be considered natural persons.
If the title of a case listed a corporation by name and then listed the names of two individuals that the opinion indicated were top officers of the same corporation as the appellants, then the number of appellants should be coded as three and all three were coded as a business (with the identical detailed code). Similar logic should be applied when government officials or officers of an association were listed by name.
Your specific task is to determine the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials". If the total number cannot be determined (e.g., if the appellant is listed as "Smith, et. al." and the opinion does not specify who is included in the "et.al."), then answer 99.

Opinion:
NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD v. J. FREEZER & SON, Inc.
No. 4239.
Circuit Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit.
April 5, 1938.
Before PARKER and SOPER, Circuit Judges, and CHESNUT, District Judge.
Charles Fahy, Gen. Counsel, National Labor Relations Board, of Washington, D. C. (Robert B. Watts, Associate Gen. Counsel, Thomas I. Emerson, and Lawrence Hunt, all of Washington, D. C., Attys., National Labor Relations Board, on the brief), for petitioner.
Albert F. Beasley and Wilson L. Townsend, both of Washington, D. C. (John B. Spiers, of East Radford, Va., and Brashears, Townsend, O’Brien & Beasley, of Washington, D. C., on the brief), for respondent.
PER CURIAM.
This is a petition for a decree enforcing an order of the National Labor Relations Board. Three questions are presented for our consideration: (1) Whether the respondent is subject to the provisions of the National Labor Relations Act, 29 U.S.C.A. § 151 et seq.; (2) whether there was evidence justifying the finding of the Board that respondent had discriminated against three employees on account of union membership and activities; and (3) whether the portion of the order is justified which directs respondent to withdraw recognition from an employees’ association and disestablish it as a bargaining agency. We think that all of these questions must be answered in the affirmative.
On the first question, it appears that respondent is a corporation engaged in the manufacture of men’s shirts at Radford, Va. It employs about 450 persons; and its sales in 1933 were $663,086.57; in 1934, $1,267,791.99; and in 1935, $847,164.00. About 80 per cent, of the raw materials which it uses come from states other than Virginia and practically all of its products are shipped outside the state and are sold through its New York office. We may say of it, as we did of the Jeffery-De Witt Insulator Company, that “both with respect to its purchase of raw materials and its sale of finished products, it is engaged in interstate commerce, and its share of this commerce would be substantially burdened and interfered with by strikes among its employees, even .though these employees are engaged in manufacturing.” It is therefore subject to the provisions of the act. Jeffery-De Witt Insulator Co. v. National Labor Relations. Board, 4 Cir., 91 F.2d 134, 112 A.L.R. 948; National Labor Relations Board v. Friedmann-Harry Marks Clothing Co., 301 U.S. 58, 57 S.Ct. 645, 630, 81 L.Ed. 921, 108 A.L.R. 1352.
On the second question, the evidence is conflicting as to whether the three employees, Daphene, Sylvia, and Grace Ridpath were discharged because of their union affiliations and activities; but the Board has so found and the finding has substantial support in the evidence. Without reviewing this in detail, it is sufficient to say that there was evidence tending to show that respondent’s officials were hostile to the establishment of a union among its employees, that employees were threatened with loss of jobs if they should join the union and if they should not join the employees’ association, that these three girls were the first to join the union and that they, with two other employees, were selected for questioning about union membership, that the reasons given for their discharge are not convincing, and that the foreman who discharged them was not examined upon the hearing. It is well settled that the findings of the Board, if supported by substantial evidence, are binding upon the courts. National Labor Relations Board v. Washington, Virginia & Maryland Coach Co., 4 Cir., 85 F.2d 990, affirmed 301 U.S. 142, 57 S.Ct. 648, 81 L.Ed. 965; National Labor Relations Board v. Pennsylvania Greyhound Lines, Inc., 58 S.Ct. 571, 576, 82 L.Ed. —.
On the third question, the Board has found that the respondent has dominated and interfered with the formation and administration of the employees’ association, and this finding is amply supported. There is evidence'that counsel for respondent obtained the charter for the association on a petition from the employees and that employees were solicited to sign the petition by one of _the foremen. There is evidence also that application cards were distributed to employees during working hours by a foreman, and that signatures were obtained in some cases under threats of discharge. The professed objectives of the association were to foster friendship, loyalty, and good will among the employees; but a shop committee was provided for and in fact appointed. There is no evidence, however, that it has ever functioned as a bargaining agency. The Board finds that the association was formed “for the purpose of canalizing the employees’ interest in collective action,” at a time when there was dissatisfaction growing out of an increase of working hours and a reduction of wages. Under the circumstances, we ’think that the order directing respondent to withdraw recognition from the association and disestablish it as a bargaining agency was justified. As said by the Supreme Court in the Pennsylvania Greyhound Lines case, supra:
“In view of all the circumstances the Board could have thought that continued recognition of the Association would serve as a means of thwarting the policy of collective bargaining by enabling the employer to induce adherence of employees to the Association in the mistaken belief that it was truly representative and afforded an agency for collective bargaining, and thus to prevent self-organization. The 'inferences to be drawn were for the Board and not the courts. Swayne & Hoyt, Ltd. v. United States [300 U.S. 297, 57 S.Ct. 478, 81 L.Ed. 659], supra. There was ample basis for its conclusion that withdrawal of recognition of the Association by respondents, accompanied by suitable publicity, was an appropriate way to give effect to the policy of the Act.
“As the order did not run against the Association it is not entitled to notice and hearing. Its presence was not necessary in order to enable the Board to determine whether respondents had violated the statute or to make an appropriate order against them. See General Investment Co. v. Lake Shore & M. S. R. Co., 260 U.S. 261, 285-286, 43 S.Ct. 106, 67 L.Ed. 244.”
Our conclusion is that the Board is entitled to a decree enforcing its order as entered.
Decree accordingly.

Question: What is the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officialss"? Answer with a number.

Choices:

Answer: 1