What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
Note that if an individual is listed by name, but their appearance in the case is as a government official, then they should be counted as a government rather than as a private person. For example, in the case "Billy Jones & Alfredo Ruiz v Joe Smith" where Smith is a state prisoner who brought a civil rights suit against two of the wardens in the prison (Jones & Ruiz), the following values should be coded: number of appellants that fall into the category "natural persons" =0 and number that fall into the category "state governments, their agencies, and officials" =2. A similar logic should be applied to businesses and associations. Officers of a company or association whose role in the case is as a representative of their company or association should be coded as being a business or association rather than as a natural person. However, employees of a business or a government who are suing their employer should be coded as natural persons. Likewise, employees who are charged with criminal conduct for action that was contrary to the company policies should be considered natural persons.
If the title of a case listed a corporation by name and then listed the names of two individuals that the opinion indicated were top officers of the same corporation as the appellants, then the number of appellants should be coded as three and all three were coded as a business (with the identical detailed code). Similar logic should be applied when government officials or officers of an association were listed by name.
Your specific task is to determine the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "fiduciaries". If the total number cannot be determined (e.g., if the appellant is listed as "Smith, et. al." and the opinion does not specify who is included in the "et.al."), then answer 99.

Opinion:
SHAW v. UNITED STATES
No. 4745.
United States Court of Appeals First Circuit.
Oct. 23, 1953.
Paul G. Hanna, Framingham, Mass., for appellant.
Thomas P. O’Connor, Asst. U. S. Atty. (Anthony Julian, U. S. Atty., both of Boston, Mass., on brief), for appellee.
Before MAGRUDER, Chief Judge, and WOODBURY and HARTIGAN, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM.
This is an appeal from a judgment for the defendant in a suit brought under the Federal Tort Claims Act. Title 28 U.S.C. § 2671 et seq., particularly § 2674. The jurisdiction of the court below rests upon Title 28 U.S.C. § 1346 (b); our jurisdiction rests upon Title 28 U.S.C. § 1291.
In 1918 the United States took title to the property of the Boston, Cape Cod and New York Canal Company, consisting of the Cape Cod Canal itself, a strip of land on either side of the actual waterway, and, among other bridges over the canal, one known as the Sagamore-Bourne Bridge which carried a Massachusetts State Highway known as the “Old Plymouth Road” across the canal. During the 1930’s the United States built a new bridge over the canal about a quarter of a mile away and soon thereafter it demolished the old Sagamore-Bourne Bridge. When this was done the United States erected a barricade across the “Old Plymouth Road,” then no longer usable to cross the canal, which consisted of a wooden fence, located close to the top of the bank of the canal, one end of which was approximately 5% feet and the other end approximately 141/2 feet inside the canal property line. The fence consisted of three plank rails spiked to three posts set in the ground. Some of the planks were painted in black and white stripes and there were also reflector-type stop signs mounted on and near the fence.
About eleven o’clock on the night of June 16, 1950, the plaintiff’s decedent, a young man of 18, was riding as a passenger in an automobile operated by his cousin, a young man of 21. The vehicle approached the canal over the “Old Plymouth Road,” apparently at high speed, plunged through the barricade and turning end over end sailed some eighty feet through the air into the canal. Both young men were killed.
Although the court below found that both the decedent and his cousin were intoxicated, it did not base its decision on a finding of contributory negligence. Instead it found that the United States through its officers and agents had taken reasonable precautions to warn the public not to drive over the old highway beyond its property line.
It is true that during the day preceding the accident the fence had been damaged to some extent by employees of the United States in dumping a truck load of loam over it to fill eroded areas on the bank of the canal. But nevertheless the court below found that one reflector-type sign remained attached to the barrier which could be seen in the glare of automobile headlights in ample time to halt a motor vehicle before it reached the fence, and that the damage done to the fence was non-causal for it made no markedly perceptible change in the appearance of the fence and its repair “would not have improved the ‘warning’ value of the structure to any great degree, nor could it have stopped the speeding vehicle from hurtling into the canal.”
Perhaps the United States might have done more than it did, but we are by no means prepared to say on the record before us that the District Court’s conclusion of due care on its part was clearly erroneous.
Other arguments advanced by the appellant have been considered but in our opinion they are not of sufficient moment to invite discussion.
The judgment of the District Court is affirmed.

Question: What is the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "fiduciaries"? Answer with a number.

Choices:

Answer: 1