What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
When coding the detailed nature of participants, use your personal knowledge about the participants, if you are completely confident of the accuracy of your knowledge, even if the specific information is not in the opinion. For example, if "IBM" is listed as the appellant it could be classified as "clearly national or international in scope" even if the opinion did not indicate the scope of the business. 

Your task concerns the first listed appellant. The nature of this litigant falls into the category "natural person (excludes persons named in their official capacity or who appear because of a role in a private organization)". Your task is to determine the gender of this litigant. Use names to classify the party's sex only if there is little ambiguity (e.g., the sex of "Chris" should be coded as "not ascertained").

Opinion:
UNITED STATES of America, Appellee, v. Sanford J. MOORE, Sherwood Schwach and Allen Kerner, Defendants-Appellants.
No. 364, Docket 26909.
United States Court of Appeals Second Circuit.
Argued April 11, 1961.
Decided May 18, 1961.
George Becker, New York City, for defendants-appellants.
Averill M. Williams, Asst.' U. S. Atty., E. D. N. Y., Brooklyn, N. Y. (Elliott Kahaner, U. S. Atty., Brooklyn, N. Y., on the brief), for appellee.
Before CLARK, MEDINA, and FRIENDLY, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM.
Defendants appeal from a judgment denying their motions to withdraw pleas of guilty to a three-count indictment charging them with fraudulently concealing the assets of a bankrupt estate and with conspiring to do so. 18 U.S.C. §§ 2, 152, 371. The pleas in question were entered against the advice of counsel on March 9, 1961, before Judge Ray-fiel, who set March 30, 1961, as the date for sentencing. When defendants appeared in court for sentencing on that day, they moved under F.R.Crim.Proc. 32 (d) to withdraw their pleas of guilty. Denying the motions, Judge Rayfiel sentenced the defendants to prison terms of three years, two years, and fifteen months, respectively.
A motion to withdraw a plea of guilty is addressed to the sound discretion of the district court. Before pleading guilty, defendants were carefully questioned by the clerk in the presence of the court, and acknowledged they understood that they had the right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury, that they were entitled to compulsory process to obtain witnesses in their behalf and to be confronted by the witnesses against them, that they could be sentenced to imprisonment, and that they were pleading guilty voluntarily, without any threat or promise to induce them so to plead. On this appeal, defendants make no attempt to deny that they entered their pleas knowingly and voluntarily, and with full knowledge of the possible consequences. Furthermore, their counsel does not offer any direct affidavits from them, but advances only his own assertions and hearsay belief in his clients. We do not think this case shows any abuse of discretion. See United States v. Panebianco, 2 Cir., 208 F.2d 238, certiorari denied Panebianco v. United States, 347 U.S. 913, 74 S.Ct. 478, 98 L.Ed. 1069.
Judgment affirmed.

Question: This question concerns the first listed appellant. The nature of this litigant falls into the category "natural person (excludes persons named in their official capacity or who appear because of a role in a private organization)". What is the gender of this litigant?Use names to classify the party's sex only if there is little ambiguity.

Choices:
not ascertained
male - indication in opinion (e.g., use of masculine pronoun)
male - assumed because of name
female - indication in opinion of gender
female - assumed because of name

Answer: 2