What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals. Your task is to identify whether the opinion writter is identified in the opinion or whether the opinion was per curiam.

Opinion:
Charlotte MAYENCON, Debtor, Appellant, v. Eugene McCANDLESS, Creditor.
No. 12542.
Circuit Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit.
Feb. 23, 1943.
Farrington & Curtis, of Springfield, Mo., for appellant.
Frank B. Williams, of Springfield, Mo., for appellee.
PER CURIAM.
Appeal from District Court docketed and dismissed at the costs of appellants, on motion of appellee.

Question: Is the opinion writer identified in the opinion, or was the opinion per curiam?

Choices:
Signed, with reasons
Per curiam, with reasons
Not ascertained

Answer: 1