What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
Note that if an individual is listed by name, but their appearance in the case is as a government official, then they should be counted as a government rather than as a private person. For example, in the case "Billy Jones & Alfredo Ruiz v Joe Smith" where Smith is a state prisoner who brought a civil rights suit against two of the wardens in the prison (Jones & Ruiz), the following values should be coded: number of appellants that fall into the category "natural persons" =0 and number that fall into the category "state governments, their agencies, and officials" =2. A similar logic should be applied to businesses and associations. Officers of a company or association whose role in the case is as a representative of their company or association should be coded as being a business or association rather than as a natural person. However, employees of a business or a government who are suing their employer should be coded as natural persons. Likewise, employees who are charged with criminal conduct for action that was contrary to the company policies should be considered natural persons.
If the title of a case listed a corporation by name and then listed the names of two individuals that the opinion indicated were top officers of the same corporation as the appellants, then the number of appellants should be coded as three and all three were coded as a business (with the identical detailed code). Similar logic should be applied when government officials or officers of an association were listed by name.
Your specific task is to determine the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "natural persons". If the total number cannot be determined (e.g., if the appellant is listed as "Smith, et. al." and the opinion does not specify who is included in the "et.al."), then answer 99.

Opinion:
Robert H. HERNDON, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. The CITY OF MASSILLON et al., Defendants-Appellees.
No. 79-3458.
United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit.
Argued Dec. 19, 1980.
Decided Jan. 26, 1981.
Rehearing Denied Feb. 27, 1981.
Robert H. Herndon, pro se.
Michael F. Vaccaro, Massillon, Ohio, Gene Barnhart, Randolph L. Snow, Black, McCuskey, Sauers & Arbaugh, Dale T. Evans, Asst. Prosecuting Atty., Canton, Ohio, Lawrence J. Whitney, Akron, Ohio, Sanders J. Mestel, Canton, Ohio, for different defendants-appellees.
Before JONES, Circuit Judge, PECK, Senior Circuit Judge, and NIXON , District Judge.
Honorable John T. Nixon, United States District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee, sitting by designation.
PER CURIAM.
Plaintiff Robert H. Herndon brought an action under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, alleging that defendants, acting under color of state law, knowingly submitted false information to the Common Pleas Court of Stark County, Ohio, for the purpose of obtaining a search warrant of Herndon’s place of business. After a verdict was directed in favor of two of the defendants, the case against defendant Bruce A. Wilson was submitted to a jury.
During the course of deliberations, the jury asked the court to repeat its instructions to the jury. The court reporter was apparently unable to reproduce the original instructions, at least at that time. Therefore, with the consent of the parties, or at least without objection of either party, the district judge gave the jury new instructions. Unknown to both the court and the parties, this second set of instructions was not recorded by the court reporter.
Herndon filed a notice of appeal with this Court, but did not avail himself of Fed.R. App.Pro. 10(c), whereby he might have prepared and submitted a statement of the unrecorded proceedings to the district court for settlement and inclusion in the record on appeal. The district court, noting that the plaintiff had failed to act under Rule 10(c), prepared a statement of the charges given to the jury the second time, based on the judge’s recollection. This statement was then certified to this Court.
On appeal, Herndon makes two assignments of error, each directed at the state of the record concerning the second jury instruction. He alleges no specific error in the instructions as they were given to the jury, either initially or upon the jury’s request for a repetition of the instructions. Herndon’s first argument is that his right to appeal is made illusory where there is no record sufficient to permit an examination for error. He concludes that the absence of a record so insulates errors that a new trial is required to insure the proper administration of justice.
In Illinois Central Railroad Co. v. Riley, 392 F.2d 787 (6th Cir. 1968), this Court addressed the question of the proper relief where a trial court’s jury instructions were unrecorded. In that case, plaintiffs failed to submit a statement reconstructing the unrecorded instructions, as they were permitted to do under Fed.R.Civ.Pro. 75(c), the predecessor to Fed.R.App.Pro. 10(c). We affirmed the judgment against those plaintiffs, holding that their failure to avail themselves of the procedure designed to reconstruct unrecorded proceedings left them with no objection based on the missing record. This general proposition has been affirmed by other Circuit Courts. E. g., United States v. Mills, 597 F.2d 693 (9th Cir. 1979); Stout v. Jefferson County Bd. of Educ., 489 F.2d 97 (5th Cir. 1974); Hydramotive Manufacturing Corp. v. SEC, 355 F.2d 179 (10th Cir. 1966); Murphy v. St. Paul Fire & Marine Insurance Co., 314 F.2d 30 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 375 U.S. 906, 84 S.Ct. 197, 11 L.Ed.2d 146 (1963). The clear lesson of these cases is that a party may not seek a new trial simply because matters occurring in the district court are not reflected in the transcript. Rather, that party must at least attempt to cure the defect by reconstructing the record as provided by Fed.R.App.Pro. 10(c). In certain cases this effort may unavoidably fall short of the precision necessary for a record amenable to review, and a new trial may be necessary. E. g., United States v. Knox, 456 F.2d 1024 (8th Cir. 1972). However, a new trial is not appropriate where the lack of a record is the only error charged and where the appellant made no effort to reconstruct the missing record nor to give any cause for that failing. Accordingly, Herndon’s first assignment of error must fail.
Herndon’s second argument is that it was error for the district court to certify its version of the unrecorded proceedings to this Court. Herndon argues that this version of the instructions serves only to further prejudice his rights on appeal by substituting a carefully considered set of instructions, created expressly for review on appeal, for the instructions as they were actually given.
Whether the district judge’s recollection of the unrecorded jury instructions could be properly considered on appeal in the absence of any Rule 10(c) statement of proceedings by Herndon is an issue that we need not reach. That question has no relevance to our conclusion that the fact that the jury instructions were not recorded does not in and of itself constitute reversible error. Furthermore, Herndon has not alleged any error, or indeed insufficiency of any kind, in the instructions given to the jury. Therefore, we have no occasion to consider the trial judge’s reconstruction of the second jury instruction.
For the reasons set forth above, the judgment of the district court is affirmed.

Question: What is the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "natural persons"? Answer with a number.

Choices:

Answer: 1