What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
Note that if an individual is listed by name, but their appearance in the case is as a government official, then they should be counted as a government rather than as a private person. For example, in the case "Billy Jones & Alfredo Ruiz v Joe Smith" where Smith is a state prisoner who brought a civil rights suit against two of the wardens in the prison (Jones & Ruiz), the following values should be coded: number of appellants that fall into the category "natural persons" =0 and number that fall into the category "state governments, their agencies, and officials" =2. A similar logic should be applied to businesses and associations. Officers of a company or association whose role in the case is as a representative of their company or association should be coded as being a business or association rather than as a natural person. However, employees of a business or a government who are suing their employer should be coded as natural persons. Likewise, employees who are charged with criminal conduct for action that was contrary to the company policies should be considered natural persons.
If the title of a case listed a corporation by name and then listed the names of two individuals that the opinion indicated were top officers of the same corporation as the appellants, then the number of appellants should be coded as three and all three were coded as a business (with the identical detailed code). Similar logic should be applied when government officials or officers of an association were listed by name.
Your specific task is to determine the total number of respondents in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives". If the total number cannot be determined (e.g., if the respondent is listed as "Smith, et. al." and the opinion does not specify who is included in the "et.al."), then answer 99.

Opinion:
Sam TOMLIN, Appellant, v. POPE & TALBOT, INC., Appellee.
No. 16664.
United States Court of Appeals Ninth Circuit.
Aug. 2, 1960.
Rehearing Denied Sept. 15, 1960.
Baily, Lezak, Swink & Gates, Sidney I. Lezak, Don G. Swink, Portland, Or., for appellant.
Mautz, Souther, Spaulding, Kinsey & Williamson, Portland, Or., for appellee.
Before BARNES, HAMLEY and MERRILL, Circuit Judges.
HAMLEY, Circuit Judge.
This is an action to recover damages for personal injuries. Jurisdiction in the district court rests upon diversity of citizenship. The defense was that the claim was barred by virtue of the execution of a release subsequent to the injury. Plaintiff asserted that the execution of the release is invalid because it was induced by false representations on the part of defendant’s agent. The issue of the validity of the release was set down for trial as a segregated issue. The issue was tried to the court and resulted in the entry of a decree upholding the release and therefore dismissing the action.
Appealing to this court, plaintiff contends that the trial court erred in failing to grant a jury trial on the issue of the validity of the release executed by plaintiff.
No demand for a jury trial was made within ten days after the service of the last pleading directed to the issue concerning the validity of the release. The failure to make such a demand within the time indicated constituted a waiver by plaintiff of trial by jury. Rule 38 (b), (d), Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, 28 U.S.C.A.; Moore v. United States, 5 Cir., 196 F.2d 906.
It is provided in Rule 39(b), Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, supra, however, that notwithstanding the failure of a party to demand a jury in an action in which such a demand might have been made of right, the court in its discretion upon motion may order a trial by a jury of any or all issues. See Roth v. Hyer, 5 Cir., 142 F.2d 227, 228.
Appellant made such a motion on January 6, 1959. This motion was considered by the trial judge on the day of the trial. In this connection a discussion between the court and counsel for appellant took place, after which the court announced that the motion would be denied.
Indicating its reason for this ruling, the court stated that “until the Court of Appeals has ruled on it,” it would follow the policy and practice of former judges of that court in treating the issue concerning the validity of the release as an equitable matter to be tried to the court. The attorney for appellant then sought further clarification as to the reason for denying the motion, and a colloquy followed which is quoted in the margin. No separate order denying the motion was entered. In the findings of fact, conclusions of law and decree thereafter entered, however, it was recited that the court had refused appellant a trial of the issue by a jury.
As expressly stated in Rule 39(b), supra, the granting or denial of such a motion rests within the discretion of the court to which it is addressed. The view has been stated that as a matter of judicial administration discretion ought rarely to be exercised to grant a trial by a jury in default of a timely request for it. Mason v. British Overseas Airways Corp., D.C., 20 F.R.D. 213.
The denial of a motion made under this rule is to be sustained unless an abuse of judicial discretion is shown. See Johnson v. Gardner, 9 Cir., 179 F.2d 114, 118. For this reason appellate courts normally refuse to interfere. 5 Moore’s Federal Practice, 2d ed., § 39.09, page 715.
In this case, however, appellant takes the position that the court in the exercise of its discretion would have
granted the motion but for the court’s view that it was without power to grant a jury trial on the issue concerning the validity of the release. Appellant then proceeds to argue that the trial court was mistaken in believing that the issue to be tried was of such a kind that a jury trial could not be had.
In our opinion the record does not support the premise on which appellant proceeds. The court did not state that it would grant the motion if it had power to do so. On the contrary, the court indicated in effect that the excuse given for a tardy jury demand was inadequate. The judge stated: “I could very well say it wasn’t timely made, period.” Had it done so, the denial would have to stand because no abuse of discretion has been shown. But the court went on to state that it chose to deny the motion for a different reason because a ruling might then be obtained from this court on that other reason.
We are not certain that the trial court entertained the view that it was without power to grant a jury trial in such a case. It did not categorically say so, and what it did say is open to the inference that the court simply preferred the “policy” and “practice” of the former judges. But even if the court did have this view, and assuming without deciding that it was a mistaken view, there is still no basis for reversal. This is true because, as the trial court indicated, there was another adequate ground for denying the motion.
A determination of the question upon which the trial court hoped to get a ruling of this court will have to await a case in which such a ruling is necessary to the disposition of the case. Under the circumstances of the instant case, anything we might undertake to say on the question would be dictum.
Affirmed.
. “Mr. Lezak: I see. I wanted tMs, your Honor, because of the possibility of a question existing in tbe record. Apparently, as I gather it, this is tbe essence of the reason for the Court’s deciding to hear this as a court matter at the time.
“The Court: Tes. I won’t stay on the fence. I could very well say it wasn’t timely made, period.
“Mr. Lezak: Thank you. X certainly appreciate that.
“The Court: But I won’t hide behind that. I will face the question squarely.
“Mr. Lezak: Fine. Thank you very much, your Honor.
“The Court: If it develops that it goes to the Court of Appeals, then we can get a ruling.”

Question: What is the total number of respondents in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives"? Answer with a number.

Choices:

Answer: 1