What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
Note that if an individual is listed by name, but their appearance in the case is as a government official, then they should be counted as a government rather than as a private person. For example, in the case "Billy Jones & Alfredo Ruiz v Joe Smith" where Smith is a state prisoner who brought a civil rights suit against two of the wardens in the prison (Jones & Ruiz), the following values should be coded: number of appellants that fall into the category "natural persons" =0 and number that fall into the category "state governments, their agencies, and officials" =2. A similar logic should be applied to businesses and associations. Officers of a company or association whose role in the case is as a representative of their company or association should be coded as being a business or association rather than as a natural person. However, employees of a business or a government who are suing their employer should be coded as natural persons. Likewise, employees who are charged with criminal conduct for action that was contrary to the company policies should be considered natural persons.
If the title of a case listed a corporation by name and then listed the names of two individuals that the opinion indicated were top officers of the same corporation as the appellants, then the number of appellants should be coded as three and all three were coded as a business (with the identical detailed code). Similar logic should be applied when government officials or officers of an association were listed by name.
Your specific task is to determine the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives". If the total number cannot be determined (e.g., if the appellant is listed as "Smith, et. al." and the opinion does not specify who is included in the "et.al."), then answer 99.

Opinion:
UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Jaime LARES-VALDEZ, Defendant-Appellant.
No. 90-50345.
United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.
Submitted Nov. 16, 1990.
Decided Jan. 25, 1991.
Shawn M. Hays, Federal Defenders of San Diego, Inc., San Diego, Cal., for defendant-appellant.
Melanie K. Pierson, Asst. U.S. Atty., San Diego, Cal., for plaintiff-appellee.
Before BROWNING, BEEZER and RYMER, Circuit Judges.
The panel finds this case appropriate for submission without oral argument pursuant to Ninth Circuit Rule 34-4 and Fed.R.App.P. 34(a).
PER CURIAM:
After a trial before the Honorable J. Lawrence Irving, District Judge, a jury convicted Jaime Lares-Valdez of possessing with intent to distribute and importing approximately 218 grams of heroin in violation of 21 U.S.C. §§ 841(a)(1), 952 & 960. Lares-Valdez challenges a pretrial ruling by the Honorable Judith N. Keep denying a motion to suppress his statements. He claims drug enforcement agents failed to apprise him adequately of his constitutional rights in violation of Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436, 86 S.Ct. 1602, 16 L.Ed.2d 694 (1966). We affirm.
I
On October 18, 1989, Lares-Valdez requested admission to the United States at the Calexico port of entry. A customs inspector noticed that Lares-Valdez’s hands were shaking and that he wore thick-soled shoes resembling types used for drug smuggling. The inspector referred Lares-Valdez to a secondary inspection area, where his search found heroin in the soles of Lares-Valdez’s shoes. A DEA agent arrived, placed Lares-Valdez under arrest and advised him of his rights in Spanish, reading from a DEA Form. Lares-Valdez indicated that he understood his rights and then admitted that he knew he was in possession of heroin and was intending to distribute it.
II
“The adequacy of a Miranda warning is a legal question reviewable de novo, although ‘ “the factual findings underlying the adequacy challenge, such as what a defendant was told, are subject to clearly erroneous review.” ’ ” United States v. Bland, 908 F.2d 471, 472 (9th Cir.1990) (quoting United States v. Connell, 869 F.2d 1349, 1351 (9th Cir.1989)). The factual basis of this challenge is undisputed, leaving us to consider the purely legal question of the adequacy of the warnings.
III
Lares-Valdez claims the warnings given to him were inadequate because the agent failed to apprise him of a right to cut off questioning at any time and of a right to answer some questions and refuse to answer others. He also claims the agent should have told him that the questions he was about to ask would call for incriminating responses.
We agree with the other federal courts that have ruled that a defendant need not be informed of a right to stop questioning after it has begun. See United States v. DiGiacomo, 579 F.2d 1211, 1214 (10th Cir.1978); United States v. Davis, 459 F.2d 167, 168-69 (6th Cir.1972); United States v. Alba, 732 F.Supp. 306, 309-10 (D.Conn.1990); Gandia v. Hoke, 648 F.Supp. 1425, 1432 (E.D.N.Y.1986), aff'd without opinion, 819 F.2d 1129 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 843, 108 S.Ct. 135, 98 L.Ed.2d 92 (1987); United States ex rel. Feliciano v. Lane, 548 F.Supp. 79, 81 (N.D.Ill.1982), aff'd without opinion, 714 F.2d 148 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 1010, 104 S.Ct. 532, 78 L.Ed.2d 713 (1983). The only warnings Miranda requires were those given to Lares-Valdez in this case, namely, that he had the. right to remain silent, that anything he said could be used against him in court, that he had the right to consult an attorney before being asked any questions, that the attorney could be present during questioning and that if he could not afford a lawyer, one would be appointed for him if he wished. See Miranda, 384 U.S. at 444, 86 S.Ct. at 1612, 16 L.Ed.2d at 706-07. “Once warnings have been given, the subsequent procedure is clear,” the Miranda Court wrote. “If the individual indicates in any manner, at any time prior to or during questioning, that he wishes to remain silent, the interrogation must cease.” Id. at 473-74, 86 S.Ct. at 1627, 16 L.Ed.2d at 723 (emphasis added). The Court thus contemplated the right to cease questioning and declined to include it among the warnings it deemed necessary to effect an accused’s fifth and sixth amendment rights. Miranda requires that Lares-Valdez understood the right to remain silent; when and how he then chose to exercise that right is up to him. See Alba, 732 F.Supp. at 310 (“Having advised of the essential rights, the officers are not obliged to warn of any or all of the circumstances or manners in which the right may be invoked”).
Likewise, there is nothing in Miranda to suggest that Lares-Valdez should have been advised of a right to answer some questions and refuse to answer others. As with the right to stop the questioning, this claimed “right” merely describes a manner in which he could have exercised the fifth amendment privilege the agent had adequately informed him was his. It need not be included in the warnings. See id.
Lares-Valdez’s final claim, that the agent should have cautioned him that the questions he was about to ask would provoke incriminating answers, also fails. Lares-Valdez was warned that anything he said could be used against him in court. He acknowledged that he understood that right and waived it. Anything he told the agent thereafter was said at his peril.
Because the warnings given to Lares-Valdez were sufficient to apprise him of his constitutional rights according to Miranda;, we
AFFIRM.
. DiGiacomo noted that, "[although there may be no express requirement to warn suspects of the right to terminate questioning, the government’s failure to so warn is certainly an important factor to be considered in determining the voluntariness of any statements made.” 579 F.2d at 1214. In this case, though, Lares-Valdez challenges only the adequacy of the warnings, not the voluntariness of his statements.

Question: What is the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives"? Answer with a number.

Choices:

Answer: 0