What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
Note that if an individual is listed by name, but their appearance in the case is as a government official, then they should be counted as a government rather than as a private person. For example, in the case "Billy Jones & Alfredo Ruiz v Joe Smith" where Smith is a state prisoner who brought a civil rights suit against two of the wardens in the prison (Jones & Ruiz), the following values should be coded: number of appellants that fall into the category "natural persons" =0 and number that fall into the category "state governments, their agencies, and officials" =2. A similar logic should be applied to businesses and associations. Officers of a company or association whose role in the case is as a representative of their company or association should be coded as being a business or association rather than as a natural person. However, employees of a business or a government who are suing their employer should be coded as natural persons. Likewise, employees who are charged with criminal conduct for action that was contrary to the company policies should be considered natural persons.
If the title of a case listed a corporation by name and then listed the names of two individuals that the opinion indicated were top officers of the same corporation as the appellants, then the number of appellants should be coded as three and all three were coded as a business (with the identical detailed code). Similar logic should be applied when government officials or officers of an association were listed by name.
Your specific task is to determine the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives". If the total number cannot be determined (e.g., if the appellant is listed as "Smith, et. al." and the opinion does not specify who is included in the "et.al."), then answer 99.

Opinion:
RAPID TRANSIT COMPANY, a corporation, Appellant, v. UNITED STATES of America, Appellee.
No. 6679.
United States Court of Appeals Tenth Circuit.
Oct. 10, 1961.
Rehearing Denied Nov. 13, 1961.
H. Gordon Angwin, Pittsburg, Kan., and Clifford L. Malone, Wichita, Kan. (Charles E. Jones, Wichita, Kan., and Ben W. Weir, Pittsburg, Kan., were with them on the brief), for appellant.
Raymond N. Zagone, Washington, D. C. (Ramsey Clark, Asst. Atty. Gen., Newell A. George, U. S. Atty., Milton P. Beach, Asst. U. S. Atty., Kansas City, Kan., and Roger P. Marquis, Washington, D. C., were with him on the brief), for appellee.
Before PICKETT, LEWIS and BREITENSTEIN, Circuit Judges.
LEWIS, Circuit Judge.
The United States initiated this action in the United States District Court for the District of Kansas to condemn for its use some 5.21 acres of land located within the city of Lawrence, Kansas. 28 U.S.C.A. § 1358. The sole original and now continuing issue was and is the ascertainment of just compensation to the owner, Rapid Transit Company, appellant. The government estimated the value of the acreage to be $16,000 and deposited such sum with the court, which sum was repudiated by the owner as being inadequate. The trial court then appointed commissioners to appraise and fix the value of the property taken. After full hearing the commissioners set the fair market value of the property to be $17,500 as of the time of taking and the trial court, although indicating some personal dissatisfaction with the amount set, approved and adopted the report of the commissioners as capable of support under the evidence and therefore binding upon the court.
The trial court’s recognition that the findings of the commissioners must be upheld unless clearly erroneous is manifestly a correct limitation upon that court’s review of such findings. Leader Clothing Co. v. Fidelity & Casualty Co. of N. Y., 10 Cir., 237 F.2d 7. And, in turn, we recognize the same limitation upon appellate review. This court will not set aside the judgment of a trial court, based upon findings, unless a review of the evidence results in a definite and firm conviction that substantial justice has been defeated by a manifest mistake. H. F. Wilcox Oil & Gas Co. v. Diffie, 10 Cir., 186 F.2d 683; Onego Corporation v. United States, 10 Cir., 1961, 295 F.2d 461.
Although the form of the landowner’s appeal has several facets it is essentially an attack upon the commissioners’ finding that
“ * * * the landowner did not sustain the burden of establishing the fact that there was reasonable probability a change could be made in the Zoning Ordinance of the City of Lawrence, permitting the tract taken to be used for multiple dwelling purposes in the near future.”
and the conclusion that
“At the time of taking the land by the United States of America on February 6, 1958, the best and most advantageous use of said land was * * * for single family residences in Zone A as described by the Zoning Ordinances of the City of Lawrence. * *
At the time of actual taking the land was zoned as “A” restricting its then use to single family residences; an attempt to rezone to “D” had failed and no other efforts to obtain reclassification had been made. However the landowner called several witnesses who were familiar with the policy and attitude of the Lawrence zoning commission each of whom expressed the opinion that an application to rezone to “C” (multiple dwellings) would be favorably considered and that the land had a higher potential for successful development as a site for two and four unit housing. This opinion evidence indicating a reasonable probability that a favorable rezoning classification could be obtained was not directly contradicted and was a proper and indeed necessary factor for the trier of the facts to consider in determining the value of the condemned land. McCandless v. United States, 298 U.S. 342, 56 S.Ct. 764, 80 L.Ed. 1205. The uncontradicted nature of this testimony leads the landowner to his contention that the basic finding and conclusion of the Commissioners that the highest use of the subject acreage was zone “A” are clearly erroneous. We agree that the correct rule in such regard is stated by the Supreme Court of Kansas in Gibbs v. Central Surety and Ins. Corporation, 163 Kan. 252, 181 P.2d 498, as follows:
“Ordinarily the trier of the fact is not required to believe the testimony of any witness merely because there is no direct testimony to controvert it, but where plaintiff produces two witnesses who testify on every material element of plaintiff’s cause of action, and such testimony is not inherently improbable or uncandid, and the cross-examination does not develop any conflict, and the defendant produces no testimony in opposition, the trier of the fact is not justified in arbitrarily or capriciously disregarding such testimony.”
We cannot say that the findings and conclusions of the commissioners are arbitrary or capricious as a matter of law for the record indicates that the first report of the commissioners was rejected by the trial judge as not “sufficiently comprehensive” and that the matter was resubmitted to the commissioners with correct and specific instructions to consider the force of the testimony relating to the possibility of rezoning and also the testimony relating to a comparable sale. The findings and conclusions now questioned show that such consideration was given to the landowner’s contentions but that the burden of persuasion was not met. The ultimate award, however, was greater than the amount asserted by government witnesses to be adequate compensation for “A” land and may reflect a view that rezoning, while not sufficiently imminent to substantially increase the pertinent market price of the land, was a remote consideration in the amount of compensation. Since the award was well within the range of credible testimony this court may not reweigh the evidence or retry the facts, Stephens v. United States, 5 Cir., 235 F.2d 467, for as we said in Buena Vista Homes, Inc. v. United States, 10 Cir., 281 F.2d 476, 480:
“ * * * This court will not assume the function of retrying the facts. A finding based on sharply conflicting evidence is conclusively binding here. In the case at bar there is substantial evidence of value both lower and higher than that fixed by the commission. We may not reweigh that evidence in a de novo review or reverse because the commission adopted a value nearer that of the Government experts than that of the appraisers for Buena Vista. * * *»
Affirmed.
. The trial court stated that “while I have the utmost confidence in the integrity, ability and experience of the members of the Commission, it is quite likely that on the same evidence I would have found the value of the tract to have been greater than that found by the Commissioners; but since I do not and cannot hold that their findings are dearly erroneous I am not permitted to substitute my conclusion for theirs.”
. Class “D” allows commercial development. Apparently the “D” zoning was refused because of an informal but pre-existing agreement between officials of the City of Lawrence and officials of the University of Kansas. The subject acreage is near the property of that institution.
. The report of the commissioners indicated that a personal view of the lands had played an important part in arriving at what constituted a proper award. The weight to be given to this factor as against opinion evidence is exclusively for the trier of the facts,

Question: What is the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives"? Answer with a number.

Choices:

Answer: 1