What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
When coding the detailed nature of participants, use your personal knowledge about the participants, if you are completely confident of the accuracy of your knowledge, even if the specific information is not in the opinion. For example, if "IBM" is listed as the appellant it could be classified as "clearly national or international in scope" even if the opinion did not indicate the scope of the business. 

Your task concerns the first listed appellant. The nature of this litigant falls into the category "natural person (excludes persons named in their official capacity or who appear because of a role in a private organization)". Your task is to determine the gender of this litigant. Use names to classify the party's sex only if there is little ambiguity (e.g., the sex of "Chris" should be coded as "not ascertained").

Opinion:
KOVACH v. UNITED STATES.
No. 5897.
Circuit Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit.
Nov. 13, 1931.
D. E. Rendinell, of Youngstown, Ohio, for appellant.
M. J. Wolpaw, of Cleveland, Ohio (W. J. Mahon, of Cleveland, Ohio, on the brief), for the United States.
Before DENISON, MOORMAN, and HICKENLOOPER, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM.
Appellant was convicted of violating tl(e National Prohibition Act (27 USCA). Before trial, he moved to- suppress certain evidence obtained on a search of his residence by prohibition officers. The officers had no search warrant, but claimed that the search was made with appellant’s consent. Upon this issue, the court found against appellant, and overruled the motion to suppress the evidence. Gatterdam v. United States, 5 F.(2d) 673 (6 C. C. A.). Error is assigned to this ruling.
The finding of the trial court on a question of fact upon which the admissibility of evidence depends has been held to he conclusive “unless clearly shown to be erroneous in matter of law.” Stillwell Mfg. Co. v. Phelps, 130 U. S. 521, 9 S. Ct. 601, 603, 32 L. Ed. 1035. It was said in Gila Ry. Co. v. Hall, 232 U. S. 94, 34 S. Ct. 229, 232, 58 L. Ed. 521, that such finding is not “subject to be reversed on appeal or error if it be fairly supported by the evidence.” Cf. Windsor v. United States (C. C. A.) 286 F. 51; Schutte V. United States (C. C. A.) 21 F.(2d) 830; Citizens’ Bank & Trust Co. v. Allen (C. C. A.) 43 F.(2d) 549; Poetter v. United States (C. C. A.) 31 F.(2d) 438; and Waxman v. United States (C. C. A.) 12 F.(2d) 775. Where officers making the search of a dwelling' were not acting under a search warrant, the burden is on the government to show that the owner voluntarily consented to the search, and the consent can not he deemed voluntary, unless it be made clearly to appear that it was freely and intelligently given. This burden is of course heavier where it appears that the owner is illiterate or a foreigner who does not readily speak and understand the English language. Wo cannot say that there was not a voluntary consent without duress in this case, even if the facts were reviewable as if in equity. But since the trial court may not have considered the evidence in the light of the burden carried by the government as indicated, the cause is remanded to the District Court with authority to grant a motion for a new trial, if, in its judgment, the government’s proofs did not fully meet the burden requirements. Upon the filing in this court of a certified copy of an order of the lower court ruling on any sueh motion that' may he made, appropriate action will he taken to give it effect, either by a dismissal of the appeal or an affirmance of the judgment.

Question: This question concerns the first listed appellant. The nature of this litigant falls into the category "natural person (excludes persons named in their official capacity or who appear because of a role in a private organization)". What is the gender of this litigant?Use names to classify the party's sex only if there is little ambiguity.

Choices:
not ascertained
male - indication in opinion (e.g., use of masculine pronoun)
male - assumed because of name
female - indication in opinion of gender
female - assumed because of name

Answer: 1