What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
Note that if an individual is listed by name, but their appearance in the case is as a government official, then they should be counted as a government rather than as a private person. For example, in the case "Billy Jones & Alfredo Ruiz v Joe Smith" where Smith is a state prisoner who brought a civil rights suit against two of the wardens in the prison (Jones & Ruiz), the following values should be coded: number of appellants that fall into the category "natural persons" =0 and number that fall into the category "state governments, their agencies, and officials" =2. A similar logic should be applied to businesses and associations. Officers of a company or association whose role in the case is as a representative of their company or association should be coded as being a business or association rather than as a natural person. However, employees of a business or a government who are suing their employer should be coded as natural persons. Likewise, employees who are charged with criminal conduct for action that was contrary to the company policies should be considered natural persons.
If the title of a case listed a corporation by name and then listed the names of two individuals that the opinion indicated were top officers of the same corporation as the appellants, then the number of appellants should be coded as three and all three were coded as a business (with the identical detailed code). Similar logic should be applied when government officials or officers of an association were listed by name.
Your specific task is to determine the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives". If the total number cannot be determined (e.g., if the appellant is listed as "Smith, et. al." and the opinion does not specify who is included in the "et.al."), then answer 99.

Opinion:
John J. GRAHAM and Warren H. Graham, Appellants, v. TRIANGLE PUBLICATIONS, INC. (counterclaimants) (Appellee), v. John J. GRAHAM et al. (counter-defendants), and Delaware Valley Newsdealers’ Association (additional counterdefendant).
No. 15090.
United States Court of Appeals Third Circuit.
Argued April 9, 1965.
Decided April 26, 1965.
Richard C. Bull, White & Williams, Philadelphia, Pa. (W. Wilson White and Michael H. Malin, Philadelphia, Pa., on the brief), for appellants.
William T. Coleman, Jr., Dilworth, Pax-son, Kalish, Kohn & Dilks, Philadelphia, Pa. (Harold E. Kohn, David H. Marion, Philadelphia, Pa., on the brief), for ap-pellee.
Before GANEY and FREEDMAN, Circuit Judges, and KIRKPATRICK, District Judge.
PER CURIAM.
Plaintiffs, home delivery carriers, brought this antitrust action to enjoin the defendant, Triangle Publications, Inc., from refusing to sell and deliver the Philadelphia Inquirer to them and to recover treble damages. Defendant counterclaimed against the plaintiffs and a number of other suburban newsdealers and a newsdealer’s association, whom they joined, claiming that they conspired to fix the resale price of the Inquirer in violation of the antitrust law.
On plaintiffs’ application for a'preliminary injunction a number of questions were presented to the court below. Was the defendant’s alleged refusal to deal with the plaintiffs or others who violated the fixed retail dealer price of the Inquirer a unilateral refusal to deal or was it a subject of agreement with other dealers? What is the effect of the McGuire Act (15 U.S.C. § 45) and the Pennsylvania Fair Trade Act (Act of June 5, 1935, P.L. 266, § 1, as amended, 73 P.S. § 7) on such practices? What meaning is to be given in the present circumstances to the provisions of these statutes limiting their coverage to products in “free and open competition with commodities of the same general class produced or distributed by others” (15 U.S.C. § 45; see also 73 P.S. § 7) in the light of the construction which they have received by the Federal and Pennsylvania courts? See especially Gillette Co. v. Master, 408 Pa. 202, 212-213, 182 A.2d 734 (1962); Gulf Oil Corp. v. Mays, 401 Pa. 413, 418, 164 A.2d 656 (1960); Schering Corp. v. Martin Wholesale Distributors, Inc., 212 F. Supp. 325 (E.D.Pa. 1962).
In the present preliminary stage of the controversy we shall refrain from expressing any opinion on the merits of these questions. For what is before us is an appeal from the refusal of the District Judge to grant a preliminary injunction. In such circumstances our review is limited to the determination whether the court below abused its discretion. Industrial Electronics Corp. v. Cline, 330 F.2d 480, 483 (3 Cir. 1964); Joseph Bancroft & Sons Co. v. Shelley Knitting Mills, Inc., 268 F.2d 569, 573 (3 Cir. 1959).
No clear showing has been made to us of such an imminent threat of irreparable damage that it may be said that the refusal of the court below to grant a preliminary injunction amounted to an abuse of discretion. For it is clear that any loss the plaintiffs may suffer during the pendency of the proceedings is readily ascertainable. Indeed, the record indicates that such loss is a matter of simple arithmetical calculation based upon the number of newspapers sold and the profit per sale. This is not a case of the claimed destruction of a business enterprise containing such speculative elements that they are not susceptible to ready ascertainment in damages.
We do not, of course, here determine any questions of damages as they may be presented to the court below for final decision, just as we express no op in* ion on the legal issues presented to the court below. We hold merely that there has not been shown such an imminent danger of irreparable harm that the court below committed an abuse of discretion in refusing to award a preliminary in* junction pending final hearing.

Question: What is the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives"? Answer with a number.

Choices:

Answer: 2