What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
Note that if an individual is listed by name, but their appearance in the case is as a government official, then they should be counted as a government rather than as a private person. For example, in the case "Billy Jones & Alfredo Ruiz v Joe Smith" where Smith is a state prisoner who brought a civil rights suit against two of the wardens in the prison (Jones & Ruiz), the following values should be coded: number of appellants that fall into the category "natural persons" =0 and number that fall into the category "state governments, their agencies, and officials" =2. A similar logic should be applied to businesses and associations. Officers of a company or association whose role in the case is as a representative of their company or association should be coded as being a business or association rather than as a natural person. However, employees of a business or a government who are suing their employer should be coded as natural persons. Likewise, employees who are charged with criminal conduct for action that was contrary to the company policies should be considered natural persons.
If the title of a case listed a corporation by name and then listed the names of two individuals that the opinion indicated were top officers of the same corporation as the appellants, then the number of appellants should be coded as three and all three were coded as a business (with the identical detailed code). Similar logic should be applied when government officials or officers of an association were listed by name.
Your specific task is to determine the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives". If the total number cannot be determined (e.g., if the appellant is listed as "Smith, et. al." and the opinion does not specify who is included in the "et.al."), then answer 99.

Opinion:
MORGAN v. HINES, Adm’r of Veterans Affairs.
No. 8890.
United States Court of Appeals District of Columbia.
Decided April 16, 1945.
Mr. Claude L. Dawson, of Washington, D. C., with whom Mr. Robert H. McNeill, of Washington, D. G, was on the brief, for appellant.
Mr. David A. Turner, Attorney, Department of Justice, of Washington, D. G, with whom Mr. Francis M. Shea, Assistant Attorney General, and Messrs. Wilbur C. Pickett, Acting Director, Bureau of War Risk Litigation, Edward M. Curran, United States Attorney, and Fendall Marbury, Attorney, Department of Justice, all of Washington, D. G, were on the brief, for appellee.
Before MILLER, EDGERTON, and ARNOLD, Associate Justices.
MILLER, Associate Justice.
Appellant sought in the District Court an order requiring appellee, as Administrator of Veterans Affairs, to perform what she called his ministerial duty to reinstate a policy of insurance. The Court granted appellee’s motion to dismiss the complaint. We conclude that the complaint was properly dismissed. The Regulation, upon which our decision turns, reads as follows: “The applicant for reinstatement of United States Government life insurance must furnish during his lifetime, and before becoming totally and permanently disabled, a written application signed by him which shall state that he is in as good health a9 at date of lapse, or that he is in good health, in accordance with the ■ requirements of • the particular case; and in addition the applicant shall furnish such evidence relative to his physical condition as may be required by the director on such forms as the director may prescribe: Provided, That if the insurance becomes a claim after tender of the amount of the premiums required but before full compliance with the requirements of this paragraph, and the applicant was in the required state of health at the date that he made the tender of the amount of prenñums, and that there is a satisfactory reason for his noncompliance, the director may, if the applicant be dead, waive any or all of the requirements of this paragraph, or if the applicant be living, allow compliance with this paragraph, as of the date the required amount of premiums was received in the bureau.” [Italics supplied] The proviso clearly contemplates the exercise of discretion by the Administrator. Appellant’s contention seems to be that the proviso means not that the Administrator may, but that he must waive the requirements. This is not a reasonable interpretation of the Regulation. Moreover, the proviso does not operate to permit waiver — under the circumstances of this case — unless, (1) the applicant is dead and (2) a satisfactory reason is given for his noncompliance. The only reason for noncompliance which appears from the complaint is that he is dead. If no more than this were required there would have been no reason for using the words “and that there is a satisfactory reason for his noncompliance.” The fact that he is dead, standing alone, far from constituting a satisfactory reason, may well indicate that he was not in the required state of health. If there had been a satisfactory reason for noncompliance, presumably it would have been made known to the Administrator and alleged in the complaint. The controlling rule is that the courts will not interfere to compel action by an executive officer unless his duty to act is clearly established and plainly defined, and the obligation to act is peremptory. No such showing was made in this case.
Affirmed.
Section 3080, Veterans’ Administration Regulations.

Question: What is the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives"? Answer with a number.

Choices:

Answer: 0