What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
Note that if an individual is listed by name, but their appearance in the case is as a government official, then they should be counted as a government rather than as a private person. For example, in the case "Billy Jones & Alfredo Ruiz v Joe Smith" where Smith is a state prisoner who brought a civil rights suit against two of the wardens in the prison (Jones & Ruiz), the following values should be coded: number of appellants that fall into the category "natural persons" =0 and number that fall into the category "state governments, their agencies, and officials" =2. A similar logic should be applied to businesses and associations. Officers of a company or association whose role in the case is as a representative of their company or association should be coded as being a business or association rather than as a natural person. However, employees of a business or a government who are suing their employer should be coded as natural persons. Likewise, employees who are charged with criminal conduct for action that was contrary to the company policies should be considered natural persons.
If the title of a case listed a corporation by name and then listed the names of two individuals that the opinion indicated were top officers of the same corporation as the appellants, then the number of appellants should be coded as three and all three were coded as a business (with the identical detailed code). Similar logic should be applied when government officials or officers of an association were listed by name.
Your specific task is to determine the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives". If the total number cannot be determined (e.g., if the appellant is listed as "Smith, et. al." and the opinion does not specify who is included in the "et.al."), then answer 99.

Opinion:
CLIFT et al. v. UNITED STATES.
Circuit Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit.
November 18, 1927.
No. 4980.
I. Criminal law <§=1168(1) — Judgment will not be reversed because one charge is not supported by evidence, if another is, and sentence is not greater than might be imposed on that alone.
Where defendants were convicted generally under an indictment charging conspiracy to commit two different offenses, as to one of which there was sufficient evidence, and the other not, the judgment will not be reversed, if the sentence was not greater than might be imposed on either separate charge.
2. Criminal Law <§=>388 — Test of alcoholic content by “ebuliiometer” held admissible.
On trial on charge of conspiracy to manufacture, possess, and sell intoxicating liquor, test of alcoholic contents by means of ebuliiometer, held admissible; an “ebuliiometer” being apparatus by which, through obtaining boiling temperature of -water and of liquid tested, and thereby the specific gravities, the alcoholic percentage could be ascertained.
In Error to the District Court of the United States for the Eastern District of Tennessee; Xenophon Hicks, Judge.
Bruce Clift and Gray Clift were convicted under an indictment charging conspiracy to manufacture, possess, and sell intoxicating liquor, and they bring error.
Affirmed.
Fred C. Houk, of Knoxville, Tenn., and O. L. McMahon, of Morristown, Tenn., for plaintiffs in error.
Geo. C. Taylor, U. S. Atty., of Knoxville, Tenn.
Before DENISON and MOORMAN, Circuit Judges, and RAYMOND, District Judge.
DENISON, Circuit Judge.
The two plaintiffs in error, father and son, were convicted under an indictment which in general terms charged a conspiracy to manufacture, possess, and sell intoxicating liquor. Interpreting the general terms of tho indictment hy the overt acts alleged and by tho proofs, it is clear that the intention was to prosecute the defendants for two separable plans .to violate the law, although the two might he said in a vague way to be branches of orfe general conspiracy. It is the theory of the prosecution that the defendants were guilty of forming and executing a scheme to manu-' facture and sell at retail moonshine whisky, and a scheme to make and sell at retail home brew. From the general course of tho trial it is fairly evident that the jury intended to convict the defendants, of both of these somewhat related transactions.
So far as concerns the whisky) we are 'satisfied that the evidence was not sufficient to go to the jury. While there was proof tending to show that the manufacture was at least aided and abetted by the father, and that the son, a minor, made some retail sales, there is nothing substantially supporting the inference that the selling was connected with the manufacture, or that the father had to do with the sales, or that the son had to do with the manufacture. Hence there was no proof of this part of the conspiracy.
Including permissible inferences, there was sufficient proof to support a conviction of carrying on a common plan to make and sell home brew. In this branch of the case the only point requiring comment is the defendants’ claim that there was no proof of the necessary alcoholic content of the beverage sold. Even without the aid of the test to be mentioned, we are not sure that the evidence would be deficient in this respect. It was shown that the fermentation of this liquid was finished, and that the resulting scum had been skimmed off, and the liquid bottled. It is familiar knowledge that in the regular manufacture of beer the fermentation develops a substantial alcoholic percentage, and that in the now permitted making of nonalcoholic beer, it is necessary to go through a distilling operation in order to get rid of the inevitable alcohol in excess of one-half of 1 per cent. If there were doubt as to whether a liquid manufactured by the process in this record described, and surreptitiously sold as home brew at a relatively high price, contained more than one-half of 1 per cent, of alcohol, we are not sure that it could rightly be called a reasonable doubt. However that might be, the prohibition officer here describes his test, which indicated, he says, between 3 and 4 per cent, of alcohol. He made the test by using the instrument called the “ebulliometer.” This is merely a convenient vessel for boiling a liquid. By using it and a specially graduated thermometer, he obtained the boiling temperature, first of water, and then, under the same conditions, of the liquid being tested. The differences in the boiling temperatures, indicating differences in specific gravity, were then translated into percentage of alcohol. This was done by reference to a table or chart purporting merely to state and formulate the scientific knowledge on this subject. We understand the evidence to be that this chart, along with the instrument and the thermometer, were furnished to the witness by the prohibition department and are in general use throughout the country by the representatives of the department for such tests — in other words, that they constitute a commonly recognized standard. In the absence of any challenge as to the accuracy of the standard, we think it may be accepted as some substantial proof that the scientific conclusions therein stated are correct. It seems to be equivalent, so far as it goes, to a standard scientific text-book.
We have, then, a ease where a verdict is in some aspects of the prosecution supported by sufficient evidence and in other aspects is not. The situation is legally the’ same as if there had been two counts, a general sentence not greater than permitted on either count, and a finding by the appellate court that one count was bad. The sentence would not ordinarily be reversed. Claassen v. United States, 142 U. S. 140, 146, 12 S. Ct. 169, 35 L. Ed. 966.
Judgment affirmed.

Question: What is the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives"? Answer with a number.

Choices:

Answer: 0