What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
Note that if an individual is listed by name, but their appearance in the case is as a government official, then they should be counted as a government rather than as a private person. For example, in the case "Billy Jones & Alfredo Ruiz v Joe Smith" where Smith is a state prisoner who brought a civil rights suit against two of the wardens in the prison (Jones & Ruiz), the following values should be coded: number of appellants that fall into the category "natural persons" =0 and number that fall into the category "state governments, their agencies, and officials" =2. A similar logic should be applied to businesses and associations. Officers of a company or association whose role in the case is as a representative of their company or association should be coded as being a business or association rather than as a natural person. However, employees of a business or a government who are suing their employer should be coded as natural persons. Likewise, employees who are charged with criminal conduct for action that was contrary to the company policies should be considered natural persons.
If the title of a case listed a corporation by name and then listed the names of two individuals that the opinion indicated were top officers of the same corporation as the appellants, then the number of appellants should be coded as three and all three were coded as a business (with the identical detailed code). Similar logic should be applied when government officials or officers of an association were listed by name.
Your specific task is to determine the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives". If the total number cannot be determined (e.g., if the appellant is listed as "Smith, et. al." and the opinion does not specify who is included in the "et.al."), then answer 99.

Opinion:
Merritt B. HYATT, Plaintiff, Appellant, v. Carol Esther JURCZYK, etc., Defendant, Appellee.
No. 6775.
United States Court of Appeals First Circuit.
Heard Oct. 5, 1966.
Decided Nov. 16, 1966.
Rowland H. Long, Monson, Mass., for appellant.
James R. Harper, Atlanta, Ga., with whom Jerome P. Facher and Hale & Dorr, Boston, Mass., were on brief, for appellee.
Before ALDRICH, Chief Judge, Mc-ENTEE and COFFIN, Circuit Judges.
ALDRICH, Chief Judge.
The testatrix, a resident of the state of Georgia, died seized of two pieces of real estate in the city of Pittsfield, Massachusetts. One was a lot on Housatonic Street, recorded in Berkshire Deeds, Book 525, Page 423. The other consisted of four parcels on Green Street, recorded in Berkshire Deeds, Book 557, Page 145. The material portions of her will were as follows:
“Item Two
“I give and devise in fee simple to my son, Merritt Bert Hyatt, the following real property which is located in Pittsfield County of Berkshire, Massachusetts, and recorded on July 11, 1949, in Deed Book 557, Page 145, etc.”
******
“Item Five
“I give, bequeath, and devise in fee simple to my son, Arthur Albert Hyatt, Jr., four (4) lots located on Green Street, Pittsfield, Massachusetts, as well as the amount in a Tentative Trust Account.”
Thus article Two made the record reference, and article Five the street reference, to the same piece of property.
By another article the testatrix named her daughter Carol her residuary legatee. Carol, a Georgia resident, was appointed ancillary administratrix in Massachusetts.
Plaintiff-appellant, Merritt B. Hyatt, the legatee named in article Two, is a citizen of Massachusetts. He commenced the instant proceedings in the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts for a declaratory judgment that he is the lawful owner of the property on Housatonic Street. Carol was named the sole defendant. Plaintiff makes no claim to the Green Street property, and, accordingly, has not named Arthur as a defendant, recognizing that under Massachusetts law if a will contains totally repugnant provisions “the latter clause * * * is the final determination of the testator.” Dawes v. Swan, 1808, 4 Mass. 208, 215. See Fruh v. Fruh, 1944, 316 Mass. 590, 55 N.E.2d 790; Poor v. Hodge, 1942, 311 Mass. 312, 41 N.E.2d 21. Plaintiff’s contention it that although, because of the book and page reference, article Two may purport to describe the Green Street property, in fact it was intended to describe the Housatonic Street property. Carol resists, and claims that the Housatonic Street property, not being the subject of any specific devise, passed to her as residuary legatee.
Even in the light of the circumstance that the testatrix owned two pieces of land in Pittsfield, it is impossible to construe this will as devising the Housatonic Street property to the plaintiff. Concededly a will is to be construed, if it reasonably can be construed, to avoid an apparent repugnancy. Fruh v. Fruh, supra; Poor v. Hodge, supra. We will accept, too, for present purposes plaintiff’s argument that some weight, where appropriate, might attach to the fact that if he does not receive the Housatonic Street property, he will be the only member of the family disinherited. See Hayden v. Inhabitants of Stoughton, 1828, 5 Pick. (Mass.) 528, 536. The difficulty is that even if it be assumed in plaintiff’s favor that the will was open to question on its face, there is no available remedy.
In the district court plaintiff endeavored to support his position with parol testimony which, if admitted, would tend to show a declared intention on the part of the testatrix to leave him the Housatonic Street property, and a mistake on her part in furnishing the lawyer who drew the will an erroneous registry reference. The court ruled that such evidence was inadmissible, and dismissed the complaint.
The court’s action was correct. Parol evidence has a very limited function. When it is admissible at all, it is to aid in the construction of language already present; “the words which he has used.” Sanger v. Bourke, 1910, 209 Mass. 481, 487, 95 N.E. 894, 895. Even those words, so strong is the policy of the statute of wills, cannot be construed by use of the testator’s extra-testamentary statements as to their intended meanings; parol evidence is limited to acts and circumstances known to him. Watson v. Goldthwaite, 1962, 345 Mass. 29, 33-34, 184 N.E.2d 340; Gray v. McCausland, 1943, 314 Mass. 743, 747, 51 N.E.2d 441, 149 A.L.R. 1059; Smith v. Livermore, 1937, 298 Mass. 223, 241 et seq., 10 N.E.2d 117; Sanderson v. Norcross, 1922, 242 Mass. 43, 46, 136 N.E. 170. Manifestly, acts and circumstances, whatever light they may cast on the words used, cannot add new provisions out of whole cloth.
In the present case, even if we are to regard repugnancy not as a presumed intention to revoke, but as indicating a mistake in the earlier clause, the circumstance that a mistake may appear on the face of the will, instead of aliunde, does not alter the fact that to introduce new and totally contradictory language is not construction, but reformation. For the purpose of ascertaining the meaning of unclear language the Massachusetts court may allow explanatory amplification, or even modification, Smith v. Livermore, supra, but it does not permit the substitution of a completely different provision.
Affirmed.
No ambiguity, or reason for construction, can be created in the first instance by circumstances dehors the will. Tucker v. Seaman’s Aid Society, 1843, 7 Metc. (Mass.) 188; cf. Mahoney v. Grainger, 1933, 283 Mass. 189, 186 N.E. 86.

Question: What is the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives"? Answer with a number.

Choices:

Answer: 0