What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
When coding the detailed nature of participants, use your personal knowledge about the participants, if you are completely confident of the accuracy of your knowledge, even if the specific information is not in the opinion. For example, if "IBM" is listed as the appellant it could be classified as "clearly national or international in scope" even if the opinion did not indicate the scope of the business. 

Your task concerns the first listed appellant. The nature of this litigant falls into the category "natural person (excludes persons named in their official capacity or who appear because of a role in a private organization)". Your task is to determine which of these categories best describes the income of the litigant. Consider the following categories: "not ascertained", "poor + wards of state" (e.g., patients at state mental hospital; not prisoner unless specific indication that poor), "presumed poor" (e.g., migrant farm worker), "presumed wealthy" (e.g., high status job - like medical doctors, executives of corporations that are national in scope, professional athletes in the NBA or NFL; upper 1/5 of income bracket), "clear indication of wealth in opinion", "other - above poverty line but not clearly wealthy" (e.g., public school teachers, federal government employees)." Note that "poor" means below the federal poverty line; e.g., welfare or food stamp recipients. There must be some specific indication in the opinion that you can point to before anyone is classified anything other than "not ascertained". Prisoners filing "pro se" were classified as poor, but litigants in civil cases who proceed pro se were not presumed to be poor. Wealth obtained from the crime at issue in a criminal case was not counted when determining the wealth of the criminal defendant (e.g., drug dealers).

Opinion:
Orlando CORIZ, Jr., By and Through next friends Orlando CORIZ and Bernice D. Coriz, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. Arthur MARTINEZ and Carlos Guillen, in their individual capacities only, Defendants-Appellees.
No. 89-2313.
United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit.
Oct. 16, 1990.
John B. Roesler, Smith & Roesler, P.C., Santa Fe, N.M., for plaintiffs-appellants.
Daniel H. Friedman, Simons, Cuddy & Friedman, Santa Fe, N.M., for defendants-appellees.
Before ANDERSON, BARRETT, Circuit Judges, and CHRISTENSEN, District Judge.
The Honorable A. Sherman Christensen, Senior Judge, United States District Court for the District of Utah, sitting by designation.
STEPHEN H. ANDERSON, Circuit Judge.
Plaintiff-appellant Orlando Coriz Jr. appeals a summary judgment entered against him on his procedural due process claim on the grounds that the defendants were qual-ifiedly immune. We affirm.
In the fall of 1987, defendant Guil-len, an aide to defendant Martinez, a gym teacher at Española Valley High School, threw Coriz to the floor in an effort to maintain discipline. Coriz suffered a broken arm and filed suit under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, alleging, inter alia, that his right to procedural due process had been violated because he had no adequate post-deprivation remedy. The district court granted defendants’ motion for summary judgment on this claim, finding that they were quali-fiedly immune because the inadequacy of Coriz’s post-deprivation remedy was not clearly established.
In a situation such as this, “where the State is truly unable to anticipate and prevent a random deprivation of a liberty interest,” Zinermon v. Burch, — U.S. -, 110 S.Ct. 975, 987, 108 L.Ed.2d 100 (1990), “postdeprivation tort remedies are all the process that is due, simply because they are the only remedies the State could be expected to provide,” id. at 985. “[A]n unauthorized intentional deprivation ... by a state employee does not constitute a violation of the procedural requirements of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment if a meaningful postdeprivation remedy for the loss is available.” Hudson v. Palmer, 468 U.S. 517, 533, 104 S.Ct. 3194, 3204, 82 L.Ed.2d 393 (1984).
“[Gjovernment officials performing discretionary functions[ ] generally are shielded from liability for civil damages insofar as their conduct does not violate clearly established statutory or constitutional rights of which a reasonable person would have known.” Harlow v. Fitzgerald, 457 U.S. 800, 818, 102 S.Ct. 2727, 2738, 73 L.Ed.2d 396 (1982). “[Ojnce a defendant raises a qualified immunity defense the plaintiff assumes the burden of showing that the defendant has violated clearly established law.” Hannula v. City of Lakewood, 907 F.2d 129, 131 (10th Cir.1990).
Coriz has failed to show that it was clearly established that New Mexico did not provide an adequate post-deprivation remedy. As this court noted in Garcia by Garcia v. Miera, 817 F.2d 650, 656 (10th Cir.1987), cert. denied, 485 U.S. 959, 108 S.Ct. 1220, 99 L.Ed.2d 421 (1988), federal judges in New Mexico had split on the question of whether the state provided adequate post-deprivation remedies for students whose procedural due process rights were allegedly violated by excessive punishment.
Coriz argues that the Harlow inquiry into whether the law was clearly established should apply only to the defendants’ acts, not to the adequacy of the remedies available to redress those acts. We concede that this is an unusual application of qualified immunity, but we conclude that the district court applied the law correctly. The right Coriz claims the defendants violated is not simply to be free from random, unauthorized deprivations of liberty, but to be free from such deprivations in the absence of adequate post-deprivation remedies. See Parratt v. Taylor, 451 U.S. 527, 537, 101 S.Ct. 1908, 1914, 68 L.Ed.2d 420 (1981) (“Nothing in [the Fourteenth] Amendment protects against all deprivations of life, liberty or property by the State. The Fourteenth Amendment protects only against deprivations ‘without due process of law.’ ”); see also Hudson v. Palmer, 468 U.S. at 533, 104 S.Ct. at 3203 (“the state’s action is not complete until and unless it provides or refuses to provide a suitable postdeprivation remedy”). Because of the uncertain state of the law, the defendants’ “actions could reasonably have been thought consistent with the right[] they are alleged to have violated.” Anderson v. Creighton, 483 U.S. 635, 638, 107 S.Ct. 3034, 3038, 97 L.Ed.2d 523 (1987).
The judgment of the district court is AFFIRMED.
. Coriz’s substantive due process and other claims were tried to a jury, which found against him.
The defendants contend that the adverse verdict on the substantive due process claim "moots” Coriz’s procedural due process claim. We disagree. There are
three categories of corporal punishment. Punishments that do not exceed the traditional common law standard of reasonableness are not actionable; punishments that exceed the common law standard without adequate state remedies violate procedural due process rights; and, finally, punishments that are so grossly excessive as to be shocking to the conscience violate substantive due process rights, without regard to the adequacy of state remedies.
Garcia by Garcia v. Miera, 817 F.2d 650, 656 (10th Cir.1987), cert. denied, 485 U.S. 959, 108 S.Ct. 1220, 99 L.Ed.2d 421 (1988). The jury’s decision that the punishment in this case did not reach the third level in no way foreclosed a finding that the punishment reached the second level.
. Coriz, quoting our statement in Garcia that "conflict is relevant to the Harlow inquiry, but not controlling,” 817 F.2d at 658, contends that the district erred by relying solely upon this split within New Mexico in concluding that the law was not clearly established. The Garcia rule only applies to interjurisdictional conflicts. See Lum v. Jensen, 876 F.2d 1385, 1389 (9th Cir.1989), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 110 S.Ct. 867, 107 L.Ed.2d 951 (1990). When there is conflict within a jurisdiction, it cannot be doubted that the law there is not clearly established.
. The district court also could have certified to the New Mexico Supreme Court the question of whether Coriz had a state-law remedy. If the answer was affirmative, Coriz’s claim would fail, for the absence of an adequate post-deprivation remedy is an element of his claim.

Question: This question concerns the first listed appellant. The nature of this litigant falls into the category "natural person (excludes persons named in their official capacity or who appear because of a role in a private organization)". Which of these categories best describes the income of the litigant?

Choices:
not ascertained
poor + wards of state
presumed poor
presumed wealthy
clear indication of wealth in opinion
other - above poverty line but not clearly wealthy

Answer: 0