What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
Note that if an individual is listed by name, but their appearance in the case is as a government official, then they should be counted as a government rather than as a private person. For example, in the case "Billy Jones & Alfredo Ruiz v Joe Smith" where Smith is a state prisoner who brought a civil rights suit against two of the wardens in the prison (Jones & Ruiz), the following values should be coded: number of appellants that fall into the category "natural persons" =0 and number that fall into the category "state governments, their agencies, and officials" =2. A similar logic should be applied to businesses and associations. Officers of a company or association whose role in the case is as a representative of their company or association should be coded as being a business or association rather than as a natural person. However, employees of a business or a government who are suing their employer should be coded as natural persons. Likewise, employees who are charged with criminal conduct for action that was contrary to the company policies should be considered natural persons.
If the title of a case listed a corporation by name and then listed the names of two individuals that the opinion indicated were top officers of the same corporation as the appellants, then the number of appellants should be coded as three and all three were coded as a business (with the identical detailed code). Similar logic should be applied when government officials or officers of an association were listed by name.
Your specific task is to determine the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives". If the total number cannot be determined (e.g., if the appellant is listed as "Smith, et. al." and the opinion does not specify who is included in the "et.al."), then answer 99.

Opinion:
Robert M. LAYNE, Petitioner, Appellant, v. Frank O. GUNTER, Respondent, Appellee.
No. 76-1497.
United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit.
Argued April 5, 1977.
Decided Aug. 4, 1977.
Lois M. Lewis, West Newton, Mass., for appellant.
Joseph P. Gordon, Jr., Asst. Atty. Gen., Crim. Bureau, Boston, Mass., with whom Francis X. Bellotti, Atty. Gen., Stephen R. Delinsky, Asst. Atty. Gen., Chief, Criminal Bureau, and Barbara A. H. Smith, Asst. Atty. Gen., Chief, Crim. Appellate Section, Boston, Mass., were on brief, for appellee.
Before COFFIN, Chief Judge, CAMPBELL, Circuit Judge, and MILLER, Judge.
Hon. Jack R. Miller, U.S. Court of Customs and Patent Appeals, sitting by designation.
COFFIN, Chief Judge.
This is an appeal from an order of the district court dismissing without prejudice petitioner’s application for a writ of habeas corpus. Petitioner had sought the habeas relief on the ground that the Commonwealth of Massachusetts had denied him the right expeditiously to prosecute his appeal of several state court convictions. Although the district court agreed that petitioner’s due process rights had been violated, it held that, under the circumstances, there was no reason either to enter affirmative relief or to retain jurisdiction over the case, and it denied the petition without prejudice. We affirm.
On June 19,1972, following a jury trial in Massachusetts Superior Court, judgments of conviction were entered against petitioner on several indictments. Petitioner thereafter filed a claim of appeal and a motion for authorization of a transcript. Although this latter motion was made on July 12, 1972, it was not allowed until August 11, 1975 — after the present proceedings were instituted. Although the granting of this motion put the state court appeal — which was formally revived on June 25, 1976— back on track, petitioner became dissatisfied with his counsel and moved for his withdrawal and for a substitute assignment of errors. At petitioner’s request, his state court appeal has been stayed pending final disposition of these matters.
The district court placed the blame for the long delay in the processing of petitioner’s motion for authorization of transcript largely on the Superior Court clerk’s office and petitioner’s prior counsel Paño and partly on petitioner himself. It held, with ample support, that the delay violated due process. See, e. g., Odsen v. Moore, 445 F.2d 806 (1st Cir. 1971). But because the state appellate process had been moving forward when petitioner stayed it, the court thought the entry of any affirmative relief inappropriate.
Petitioner appears to concede that the district court was not here obliged to remedy the due process violation by releasing petitioner on bail pending final adjudication of the state court appeal. Compare Rivera v. Concepcion, 469 F.2d 17 (1st Cir. 1972). A claimant who has been denied due process, who has a present opportunity to secure appellate review, but who has now moved for and received a stay of the appeal pending further proceedings is scarcely in a position to insist on release pending the final state appellate decision. See Morales Roque v. The People of Puerto Rico, 558 F.2d 606, at 607 (1st Cir. 1976).
Petitioner’s principal contention is that the district court should have remedied the due process violation by permitting petitioner to attack his conviction as contrary to federal law, notwithstanding his failure to exhaust his state court remedies under 28 U.S.C, § 2254(b). While such a remedy is often proper, see e. g., Smith v. Kansas, 356 F.2d 654 (10th Cir. 1966); Odsen v. Moore, supra; United States ex rel. Senk v. Brierley, 471 F.2d 657 (3d Cir. 1973); Rheuark v. Wade, 540 F.2d 1282 (5th Cir. 1976), we agree it was not appropriate here where the state court appellate processes were presently available to the petitioner.
Petitioner argues that to allow the state court to proceed with his appeal is to “countenance” the delay. He cites our words in Rivera v. Concepcion, supra, 469 F.2d at 20. “Nor is [the past delay] to be overcome by a present exercise of diligence and treated as if it had not occurred. Any such rule would mean that a defendant may be freely given improper consideration until the system, or the parties at fault, are caught out.” We remain of the view that a rule of exoneration by state expedition initiated only after a federal court has blown the due process whistle would be unwise. Equally unwise, however, would be a rule that ignored any attempts by a state to remedy its procedural oversight once a petition for habeas corpus was filed. If the former rule deprives federal habeas corpus of any sanction, the latter deprives states of any incentive to remedy grievous wrongs at the earliest moment.
It seems to us in any event that in this delicate area of comity, bright line rules are not the answer. The objective is not for one judicial system to score points against the other, but to assure expeditious justice to individuals and to retain all incentives for both the state and federal systems to labor toward that end. Here, quite obviously, nothing was happening in the state system until the petition was filed in July, 1975. But by the time of the final hearings on the petition, in August of 1976, the transcript had been prepared and delivered to counsel, and the appeal was ready for processing in the Appeals Court. Progress was halted at the instance of petitioner, who was not satisfied with counsel or the designation of errors and who wished to proceed pro se. At this point the federal court could give petitioner no more prompt service than the Appeals Court, if, indeed, as prompt consideration. The court’s action in dismissing the petition, and in doing so without prejudice, reflected a sensitive appreciation of both the demonstrated availability of the state forum and the guarantee of access to federal court if, for any reason, the state forum again proved unresponsive to petitioner’s desire for a prompt disposition of the appeal.
The district court’s decision is similar to those reached by other courts under similar circumstances, see United States ex rel. Senk v. Brierley, supra; Parker v. Texas, 464 F.2d 572 (5th Cir. 1972); Reynolds v. Wainwright, 460 F.2d 1026 (5th Cir. 1972); Dozie v. Cady, 430 F.2d 637 (7th Cir. 1970), and fully consistent with our Odsen v. Moore, supra. In Odsen, we prefaced our discussion of the appropriate remedy by expressing our hope that by the time of our decision both “the state court and/or counsel would have taken effective action.” 445 F.2d at 807. Failing such action, the district court would “no longer stay its hand in the interests of comity.” Id. By contrast, in Rivera v. Concepcion, supra, there was not only no past progress in the state proceedings, but no expected decision for almost another year.
Affirmed.
. By denying the petition without prejudice, the district court left no doubt that petitioner may institute a second action if, following the dissolution of the state court stay, there is further interference with petitioner’s right to a prompt disposition of his appeal.
. Petitioner also urges that the district court should have granted bail as an incident to a decision whether his conviction violated federal law. Quite apart from the fact this aspect of petitioner’s claim was properly dismissed, see infra, petitioner has failed to make the extraordinary kind of showing which would lead us to order petitioner’s release on bail. See Woodcock v. Donnelly, 470 F.2d 93 (1st Cir. 1972).

Question: What is the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives"? Answer with a number.

Choices:

Answer: 0