What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
Note that if an individual is listed by name, but their appearance in the case is as a government official, then they should be counted as a government rather than as a private person. For example, in the case "Billy Jones & Alfredo Ruiz v Joe Smith" where Smith is a state prisoner who brought a civil rights suit against two of the wardens in the prison (Jones & Ruiz), the following values should be coded: number of appellants that fall into the category "natural persons" =0 and number that fall into the category "state governments, their agencies, and officials" =2. A similar logic should be applied to businesses and associations. Officers of a company or association whose role in the case is as a representative of their company or association should be coded as being a business or association rather than as a natural person. However, employees of a business or a government who are suing their employer should be coded as natural persons. Likewise, employees who are charged with criminal conduct for action that was contrary to the company policies should be considered natural persons.
If the title of a case listed a corporation by name and then listed the names of two individuals that the opinion indicated were top officers of the same corporation as the appellants, then the number of appellants should be coded as three and all three were coded as a business (with the identical detailed code). Similar logic should be applied when government officials or officers of an association were listed by name.
Your specific task is to determine the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives". If the total number cannot be determined (e.g., if the appellant is listed as "Smith, et. al." and the opinion does not specify who is included in the "et.al."), then answer 99.

Opinion:
PANAMA R. CO. v. DAVIES.
No. 7758.
Circuit Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit.
Feb. 19, 1936.
Herbert Lloyd Porter, of Balboa Heights, Canal Zone, and John O. Collins, of Ancon, Canal Zone, for appellant.
Richard G. Levy, Ancon, Canal Zone, for appellee.
Before SIBLEY, HUTCHESON, and WALKER, Circuit Judges.
Rehearing denied May 2, 1936.
SIBLEY, Circuit Judge.
This appeal is taken from a judgment for damages for a death caused by negligent injury inflicted on November 4, 1933, in the Canal Zone. The bill of exceptions contains no evidence and no general recital of the effect or tendency of it. The exceptions reserved and now insisted on relate only to instructions to the jury given and refused touching the negligence of the defendant and of the person for whose death the suit was brought. From the earliest times it has been held that abstract principles are not to be charged, but such charges only are to be given as are supported by the evidence and are appropriate to the case. Hamilton v. Russell, 1 Cranch, 309, 2 L.Ed. 118; Irvine v. Irvine, 9 Wall. 617, 618, 19 L.Ed. 800; Dwyer v. Dunbar, 5 Wall. 318, 18 L.Ed. 489; Merchants Insurance Co. v. Baring, 20 Wall. 159, 22 L.Ed. 250. Our rule X (2) limiting the evidence in a bill of exceptions to so much as may be necessary to present the questions of law involved does not dispense with all the evidence when trial rulings are challenged. Instructions requested may have been refused for some want of adjustment to the evidence. Those given, even if in some respects inaccurate, may have been harmless. Some statement of the evidence to which instructions relate is generally requisite to a consideration of error respecting them. Worthington v. Mason, 101 U.S. 149, 25 L.Ed. 848; Phoenix Life Ins. Co. v. Raddin, 120 U.S. 183, 184, 7 S.Ct. 500, 30 L.Ed. 644; New York, L. E. & W. R. Co. v. Madison, 123 U.S. 524, 8 S.Ct. 246, 31 L.Ed. 258. We would be well justified in affirming this judgment without further examination. One point, however, and the main one argued, we are urged to decide as fairly made, though without express certification of the evidence relating to it. The declaration alleges that the deceased stepped off the edge of the Panama Railroad Company’s pier in the Canal Zone wbjle looking after a loading by night of freight, and was killed, due wholly to the railroad company’s negligence in not sufficiently lighting the pier to make it safe. Ten thousand dollars damages were claimed. The answer denies nearly everything, and affirms that the pier was properly lighted and safe, and if deceased fell it was due entirely to his negligence. The verdict is for $7,000. The bill of exceptions shows that the court over objection charged in s,ub‘stance that if deceased was negligent and his negligence contributed to cause his death the suit would not be defeated, but the damages should be reduced in proportion to the negligence to be imputed to the deceased. Appellant contends that we must assume that there was evidence to show negligence on the part of the deceased, since the judge charged on that subject, and that having charged on it he was bound to charge correctly, the correct law being that contributory negligence bars recovery. In view of the nature of the case as disclosed by the pleadings and the amount of the verdict, we will examine the point of law, the more readily since no different judgment will be reached.
The law of the Canal Zone at the time of the occurrence in question is stated in section 595 of the Civil Code of the Canal Zone which became of force October 1, 1933, now appearing as section 977 of the Civil Code of the Canal Zone of 1934, as follows: “Want of ordinary care on the part of the injured person shall not bar a recovery, but the damages shall be diminished by the court or jury in proportion to the want of ordinary care attributable to such person.” The English common law that contributory negligence bars recovery has never been the law in the Canal Zone. Had the deceased been injured instead of killed, in his suit for damages his contributory negligence would not have defeated him but only reduced proportionately his recovery. In Panama R. Co. v. Rock, 266 U.S. 209, 45 S.Ct. 58, 69 L.Ed. 250, it was held that in the Canal Zone there was no civil liability for causing the death of a human. Congress then passed the Act of Dec. 29, 1926, 44 Stats, vol. 2, p. 927, material parts of which are copied in the margin, now embraced in Code of Civil Procedure of the Canal Zone 1934, § 131. This statute, applying only to the Canal Zone, distinctly says that the liability to an action for death shall exist whenever any wrongful act or neglect would, if death had not ensued, have entitled the injured person to maintain a suit and recover damages in respect thereof. The right of the injured person to recover had he lived is made the test of the right to recover for his death. Since in the Canal Zone the injured person’s contributory negligence would not defeat him, but would only reduce the recoverable damages, persons entitled to sue for his death would not be wholly defeated. But naturally and reasonably the damages for death ought to be affected by the contributory negligence of the deceased, and since it does not defeat recovery, it ought to reduce it according to the spirit of the law of the Canal Zone on that subject. The statute, Code Civ.Proc. § 131 (4), provides on the subject of damages that “The court or jury shall award such damages as it shall deem to be a fair and just compensation assessed with reference to pecuniary injury, resulting from such death. * * * ” We consider this to be the measure when full damages are recoverable, but that in cases of contributory negligence by the decedent there should be a proportionate reduction of the damages, as the court in this case instructed the jury. Compare Florida Central & P. R. Co. v. Foxworth, 41 Fla. 1, 25 So. 338, 339, 79 Am.St.Rep. 149; Stringfellow v. Atlantic Coast Line R. Co., 290 U.S. 322, 323, 54 S.Ct. 175, 78 L.Ed. 339; Id. (C.C.A.) 67 F.(2d) 1012; Artenberry v. Southern Ry. Co., 103 Tenn. 266, 52 S.W. 878.
Judgment affirmed.
In Nelson v. Jadrijevics (C.C.A.) 59 F.(2d) 25; Id. (C.C.A.) 68 F.(2d) 631, certiorari denied 292 U.S. 652, 54 S.Ct. 882, 78 L.Ed. 1501, we applied to a suit for personal injuries suffered in 1931 the substantially equivalent provision of article 2357 of the Civil Code of Panama which was repealed as to the Canal Zone by the Code of 1933, above mentioned.
“Section 7. (a) Whenever by any injury done or happening within the Canal Zone the death of a person shall be caused by wrongful act, neglect, or default, and the act, neglect, or default is such as would, if death had not ensued, have entitled the party injured (or, in the case of a married woman, have entitled her or her husband, either individually or jointly) to maintain an action and recover damages in respect thereof, the individual who or corporation, company, or association which would have been liable if death had not ensued shall be liable to an action for damages notwithstanding the death of the person injured, and even though the death shall have been caused under such circumstances as amount in law to a felony. * * *
“(d) In an action under this section the jury shall award such damages as it shall deem to be a fair and just compensation assessed with reference to the pecuniary injury, resulting from such death,” etc.

Question: What is the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives"? Answer with a number.

Choices:

Answer: 1