What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals. Your task is to identify whether the opinion writter is identified in the opinion or whether the opinion was per curiam.

Opinion:
J. A. RICHARDS, d. b. a. J. A. Richards Co. v. DUMORE COMPANY.
No. 5760.
Circuit Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit.
June 9, 1931.
Chappell & Earl, of Kalamazoo, Mich., for appellant.
Knappen, Uhl, Bryant & Snow, of Grand Rapids, Mich., and George Bayard Jones, of Chicago, Ill. (M. F. Cargill, of Chicago, Ill., of counsel), for appellee.
PER CURIAM.
Decree of District Court [52 F.(2d) 311] affirmed by court order.

Question: Is the opinion writer identified in the opinion, or was the opinion per curiam?

Choices:
Signed, with reasons
Per curiam, with reasons
Not ascertained

Answer: 1