What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
Note that if an individual is listed by name, but their appearance in the case is as a government official, then they should be counted as a government rather than as a private person. For example, in the case "Billy Jones & Alfredo Ruiz v Joe Smith" where Smith is a state prisoner who brought a civil rights suit against two of the wardens in the prison (Jones & Ruiz), the following values should be coded: number of appellants that fall into the category "natural persons" =0 and number that fall into the category "state governments, their agencies, and officials" =2. A similar logic should be applied to businesses and associations. Officers of a company or association whose role in the case is as a representative of their company or association should be coded as being a business or association rather than as a natural person. However, employees of a business or a government who are suing their employer should be coded as natural persons. Likewise, employees who are charged with criminal conduct for action that was contrary to the company policies should be considered natural persons.
If the title of a case listed a corporation by name and then listed the names of two individuals that the opinion indicated were top officers of the same corporation as the appellants, then the number of appellants should be coded as three and all three were coded as a business (with the identical detailed code). Similar logic should be applied when government officials or officers of an association were listed by name.
Your specific task is to determine the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives". If the total number cannot be determined (e.g., if the appellant is listed as "Smith, et. al." and the opinion does not specify who is included in the "et.al."), then answer 99.

Opinion:
SHELLEY v. UNITED STATES.
No. 7670.
United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia.
June 9, 1941.
Rebecca Shelley, pro se.
Bernard Margolius, of Washington, D. C. (Edward M. Curran and Arthur B. Caldwell, both of Washington, D. C., on the brief), for appellee.
Before MILLER, EDGERTON, and RUTLEDGE, JJ.
EDGERTON, Justice.
This is an appeal from a decree denying appellant’s petition for naturalization. Appellant is a native born woman who- has always lived in the United States. In August, 1922, she married a German alien. Section 3 of the Expatriation Act of 1907 then provided that an American woman who married a foreigner took his nationality. Appellant therefore lost her citizenship. On September 22, 1922, Congress passed the Cable Act, which enacted that a woman citizen should not cease to be a citizen by reason of marriage after the passage of the Act, unless she formally renounced her citizenship-. This Act expressly repealed Section 3 of the Expatriation Act, but with the proviso that the repeal was not to restore citizenship already lost. It permitted an expatriated wife to regain citizenship by taking the oath of allegiance and complying with certain other requirements of the naturalization laws.
On April 10," 1940, the District Court denied appellant’s petition for naturalization because, although she was willing to take the oath o.f allegiance, she interpreted it as not implying a promise to bear arms. She was unwilling to bear arms because of pacifist and religious convictions. Previous petitions of appellant had been denied for the same reason by other courts, including the Circuit Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit.
Thereafter, on July 2, 1940, Congress enacted that a woman who married an alien before September 22, 1922, and afterwards lived continuously in this country, “shall be deemed to be a citizen of the United States to the same extent as though her marriage to said alien had taken place oil or after September 22, 1922: Provided, however, That no such woman shall have or claim any rights as a citizen of the United States until she shall have duly taken the oath of allegiance * * *.” The government contends that this statute made appellant a citizen at once. If that is true, her appeal is moot. But the government concedes that its construction of the statute “is not in harmony with the legislative intention expressed in the committee report and debates on the bill. It is apparent therefrom that it was the intention of the framers of the Act to defer repatriation until the oath of allegiance was taken.” The government asks us to ignore what it concedes to be the actual intent of Congress, on the theory that the statute clearly expresses a different intent. We are not prepared to assert that Congress clearly said the opposite o f what it meant. It is possible to interpret the statutory proviso as meaning “Provided that she shall first take the oath of allegiance.” The other interpretation, for which the government contends, would' involve this paradox, that Congress created a class of so-called “citizens” from whom, although they had committed no offense, it withheld all the rights of citizens. Resort to the usual evidence of congressional intent is proper. That evidence makes it clear that an expatriated wife does not become repatriated until she takes the oath of allegiance. This appeal, therefore, is not moot.
Although Congress has exempted expatriated wives from much of the naturalization procedure, it has prescribed for them the same oath as for other aliens who wish to become naturalized. This oath includes a promise to “support and defend the Constitution and laws of the United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic, and bear true faith and allegiance to the same.” Appellant is willing to take this oath but, as set forth above, is unwilling to bear arms. In 1931, in United States v. Macintosh and United States v. Bland, the Supreme Court held that the oath implied a promise to bear arms and that a man or woman who would not make that promise could not be naturalized. Justices Holmes, Brandéis and Stone joined Chief Justice Hughes in dissenting; but in view of the recent flag salute case, we cannot predict that the present Supreme Court will agree with them. Law is “prophecies of what the courts will do in fact.” We must therefore follow the Macintosh and Bland cases.
Affirmed.
34 Stat. 1228.
Mackenzie v. Hare, 239 U.S. 299, 36 S.Ct. 106, 60 L.Ed. 297, Ann.Cas.1916E, 648. Appellant’s .contention that woman suffrage overrules the statute and the Mackenzie case has no merit.
42 Stat. 1021, 1022, amended, 46 Stat. 854, 8 U.S.C.A. §§ 9. 10, 367 et seq.
Section 3, 8 U.S.C.A. § 9.
42 Stat. 1022, Sec. 7, 8 U.S.C.A. § 9.
42 Stat. 1022, Sec. 4, 46 Stat. 854, U.S.C.A. Tit. 8, § 369.
U.S.C.A. Tit. 8, § 381.
Shelley v. Jordan, 106 F.2d 1016.
Public No. 704, 76th Cong., 3d Sess., 54 Stat. 715, amending 49 Stat. 1917, U.S.C.A. Tit. 8, § 9a.
80 Congressional Record 9971; H. Rep. No. 2106, 74th Cong., 2d Sess.; H. Rep. No. 869, 76th Cong., 1st Sess.
53 Stat. 844, U.S.C.A. Tit. 8, § 381.
283 U.S. 605, 51 S.Ct. 570, 75 L.Ed. 1302. Cf. United States v. Sehwimmer, 279 U.S. 644, 49 S.Ct. 448, 73 L.Ed. 889, in which Justices Holmes, Brandéis and Sanford dissented.
283 U.S. 636, 51 S.Ct. 569, 75 L.Ed. 1319.
Minersville School District et al. v. Gobitis, 310 U.S. 586, 60 S.Ct. 1010, 84 L.Ed. 1375, 127 A.L.R. 1493. Mr. Justice Stone dissented.
Holmes, Collected Legal Papers, 173.

Question: What is the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives"? Answer with a number.

Choices:

Answer: 0