What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
When coding the detailed nature of participants, use your personal knowledge about the participants, if you are completely confident of the accuracy of your knowledge, even if the specific information is not in the opinion. For example, if "IBM" is listed as the appellant it could be classified as "clearly national or international in scope" even if the opinion did not indicate the scope of the business. 

Your task concerns the first listed appellant. The nature of this litigant falls into the category "natural person (excludes persons named in their official capacity or who appear because of a role in a private organization)". Your task is to determine which of these categories best describes the income of the litigant. Consider the following categories: "not ascertained", "poor + wards of state" (e.g., patients at state mental hospital; not prisoner unless specific indication that poor), "presumed poor" (e.g., migrant farm worker), "presumed wealthy" (e.g., high status job - like medical doctors, executives of corporations that are national in scope, professional athletes in the NBA or NFL; upper 1/5 of income bracket), "clear indication of wealth in opinion", "other - above poverty line but not clearly wealthy" (e.g., public school teachers, federal government employees)." Note that "poor" means below the federal poverty line; e.g., welfare or food stamp recipients. There must be some specific indication in the opinion that you can point to before anyone is classified anything other than "not ascertained". Prisoners filing "pro se" were classified as poor, but litigants in civil cases who proceed pro se were not presumed to be poor. Wealth obtained from the crime at issue in a criminal case was not counted when determining the wealth of the criminal defendant (e.g., drug dealers).

Opinion:
UNITED STATES of America, Appellee, v. Earl COPLON, Appellant.
No. 16288.
United States Court of Appeals Sixth Circuit.
Dec. 10, 1964.
Stanley Schwartz, Jr., Columbus, Ohio, Timothy S. Hogan, Cincinnati, Ohio, for appellant.
Brian Gettings, William Lynch, Attys., Dept, of Justice, Washington, D. C., Joseph P. Kinneary, U. S. Atty., Arnold Morelli, First Asst. U. S. Atty., Cincinnati, Ohio, for appellee.
Before WEICK, Chief Judge, and CECIL and PHILLIPS, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM.
Appellant Coplon refused to answer certain questions that were directed to him as a witness before a grand jury, pleading privilege against self-incrimination. On December 9, 1964, he was brought before the Honorable John W. Peck, U. S. District Judge for the Southern District of Ohio, who explained to him that pursuant to 47 U.S.C. § 409(0 he would be immune from any prosecution, federal or state, by reason of any testimony that he might give. Appellant persisted in his refusal to answer the questions.
Judge Peck gave the following direction to appellant:
“It being the determination of this Court, Mr. Coplon, that full immunity from prosecution under state and Federal law is provided to you under the provisions of 47 United States Code, Section 409 (Í), you are ordered and directed to answer the questions which you have heretofore refused to answer on the ground of possible self-incrimination. You are further directly and specifically informed that any further refusal to answer these questions will result in immediate contempt proceedings.”
Appellant categorically refused to obey the command of the district court, still relying upon his privilege against self-incrimination.
The court thereupon held him to be in civil contempt and ordered him committed to prison until he should purge himself by obeying the court and answering the questions.
On the same day, appellant appealed to this court and filed a motion for admission to bail pending appeal
At an oral hearing before this court the government opposed the allowance of bail pending appeal, asserting that appellant is assured of full immunity from either federal or state prosecution by reason of any testimony that he might give before the grand jury, and that the appeal is frivolous and designed to thwart and delay the grand jury investigation since the investigation will be completed and the grand jury discharged before the appeal could be heard on its merits.
Appellant, on the other hand, contends that his appeal is not frivolous and that if he answers the propounded questions before the grand jury, it might result in state prosecution.
We find appellant’s contention as to self-incrimination to be completely without merit. He clearly will be immune from both federal and state prosecution. His immunity is co-extensive with his constitutional privilege not to incriminate himself. Murphy v. Waterfront Commission, 378 U.S. 52, 79, 84 S.Ct. 1594, 12 L.Ed.2d 678; Brown v. United States, 359 U.S. 41, 79 S.Ct. 539, 3 L.Ed.2d 609; United States v. Harris, 334 F.2d 460 (C.A. 2); United States v. Testa, 326 F.2d 730 (C.A. 3), cert, denied, 376 U.S. 931, 84 S.Ct. 701, 11 L.Ed. 2d 652; Marcus v. United States, 310 F.2d 143 (C.A. 3), cert, denied, 372 U.S. 944, 83 S.Ct. 933, 9 L.Ed.2d 969.
As said in Marcus v. United States, supra:
“Appellant’s position is utterly without merit. It is elementary that a grand jury is an arm of the court, and that refusal to comply with an order of court directing a witness to answer proper questions before the grand jury is a contempt of court.” 310 F.2d at 146
In his dissenting opinion in Brown v. United States, supra, Chief Justice Warren drew a distinction between criminal and civil contempt proceedings, and made the following pronouncement of what we understand to be the clear rule in civil contempt cases:
“After petitioner refused to answer the questions the judge might very properly have summarily committed the petitioner to jail for civil contempt until he answered the questions. Oriel v. Russell, 278 U.S. 358, 363, 49 S.Ct. 173, 174, 73 L.Ed. 419. See Gompers v. Bucks Stove & Range Co., 221 U.S. 418, 442, 31 S.Ct. 492, 498, 55 L.Ed. 797. This is not disputed. In such a proceeding the recalcitrant witness although summarily committed is said to carry the keys to the jail in his own pocket. See In re Nevitt, 8 Cir., 117 F. 448, 461.”
We conclude that appellant’s contention as to self-incrimination is so clearly without merit that his appeal can be for no other purpose than to delay the disposition of this matter beyond the termination of the current grand jury proceedings. It is the practice of this court to be liberal in granting bail pending appeal, but we are not willing to grant bail in a case where the appeal is clearly frivolous and taken for delay. Carbo v. United States, 82 S.Ct. 662, 7 L.Ed.2d 769.
The motion for allowance of bail pending appeal is denied.

Question: This question concerns the first listed appellant. The nature of this litigant falls into the category "natural person (excludes persons named in their official capacity or who appear because of a role in a private organization)". Which of these categories best describes the income of the litigant?

Choices:
not ascertained
poor + wards of state
presumed poor
presumed wealthy
clear indication of wealth in opinion
other - above poverty line but not clearly wealthy

Answer: 0