What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
When coding the detailed nature of participants, use your personal knowledge about the participants, if you are completely confident of the accuracy of your knowledge, even if the specific information is not in the opinion. For example, if "IBM" is listed as the appellant it could be classified as "clearly national or international in scope" even if the opinion did not indicate the scope of the business. 

Your task concerns the first listed appellant. The nature of this litigant falls into the category "natural person (excludes persons named in their official capacity or who appear because of a role in a private organization)". Your task is to determine which of these categories best describes the income of the litigant. Consider the following categories: "not ascertained", "poor + wards of state" (e.g., patients at state mental hospital; not prisoner unless specific indication that poor), "presumed poor" (e.g., migrant farm worker), "presumed wealthy" (e.g., high status job - like medical doctors, executives of corporations that are national in scope, professional athletes in the NBA or NFL; upper 1/5 of income bracket), "clear indication of wealth in opinion", "other - above poverty line but not clearly wealthy" (e.g., public school teachers, federal government employees)." Note that "poor" means below the federal poverty line; e.g., welfare or food stamp recipients. There must be some specific indication in the opinion that you can point to before anyone is classified anything other than "not ascertained". Prisoners filing "pro se" were classified as poor, but litigants in civil cases who proceed pro se were not presumed to be poor. Wealth obtained from the crime at issue in a criminal case was not counted when determining the wealth of the criminal defendant (e.g., drug dealers).

Opinion:
Harold KONIGSBERG, Appellant, v. Austin F. SHUTE.
No. 18821.
United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit.
Submitted on Briefs Dec. 1, 1970.
Decided Dec. 22, 1970.
Frank A. Lopez, Brooklyn, N. Y., for appellant.
Gerald W. Conway, Schreiber & Lancaster, Newark, N. J., for appellee.
Before KALODNER, SEITZ and ALDISERT, Circuit Judges.
OPINION OF THE COURT
PER CURIAM:
We are reversing a summary judgment of the district court which dismissed a complaint filed in the district of New Jersey served on a defendant in the state of Missouri on the ground that “the defendant has not had sufficient minimum contact with the state of New Jersey to make him amenable to process under F.R.C.P. 4(e).” We hold that appellee waived his right to assert the defense of lack of jurisdiction over the person or insufficiency of process. Fed.R.Civ.Proc. 12(h) (1).
A complaint based on diversity was filed August 19, 1969, in the district of New Jersey. After being served with process in the state of Missouri, the defendant moved for a change of venue to which the plaintiff filed a reply opposing the change. Thereafter, on September 11 defendant filed an answer denying the allegations on the merits.
On October 9, 1969, the defendant moved for leave to file an amended answer which for the first time asserted the defense that the court lacked jurisdiction over the person of the defendant. An amended answer was then filed on December 18, pursuant to a court order dated December 15, 1969, granting leave.
Rule 12(h) (1) provides that “a defense of lack of jurisdiction over the person, improper venue, insufficiency of process, or insufficiency of service of process is waived * * if it is neither made by motion under this rule nor included in a responsive pleading or an amendment thereof permitted by Rule IS (a) to be made as a matter of course.” (emphasis supplied)
Rule 15(a) provides that “a party may amend his pleading once as a matter of course at any time before a responsive pleading is served or, if the pleading is one to which no responsive pleading is permitted and the action has not been placed upon the trial calendar, he may so amend it at any time within 20 days after it is served. Otherwise a party may amend his pleading only by leave of court or by written consent of the adverse party; and leave shall be freely given when justice so requires.” (emphasis supplied)
Defendant-appellee’s original answer was served by mailing to his adversary on September 9, and was filed September 11. Under Rule 15(a) he had 20 days after service upon plaintiff-appellant to file an amendment as of course. This period expired before October 9, 1969, when application was made to the court for leave to file an amended answer; a fortiori the time period had long expired before December, when the amended answer was in fact filed. He therefore was no longer entitled to file an amended answer as a matter of course. He ' required leave of court, which he sought and received.
His court-authorized amended answer did not qualify as one described in waiver Rule 12(h) (1) as “an amendment thereof permitted by Rule 15(a) to be made as a matter of course.”
In Orange Theatre Corp. v. Rayherstz Amusement Corp., 139 F.2d 871, 874 (3 Cir., 1944) this court, speaking through Judge Maris stated:
If the defense of lack of jurisdiction of the person is not raised by motion before answer or in the answer itself it is by the express terms of paragraph (h) of Civil Procedure Rule 12 to be treated as waived, not because of the defendant’s voluntary appearance but because of his failure to assert the defense within the time prescribed by the rules.
The judgment of the district court in favor of the defendant will be reversed and the cause remanded for further proceedings.

Question: This question concerns the first listed appellant. The nature of this litigant falls into the category "natural person (excludes persons named in their official capacity or who appear because of a role in a private organization)". Which of these categories best describes the income of the litigant?

Choices:
not ascertained
poor + wards of state
presumed poor
presumed wealthy
clear indication of wealth in opinion
other - above poverty line but not clearly wealthy

Answer: 0