What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
Note that if an individual is listed by name, but their appearance in the case is as a government official, then they should be counted as a government rather than as a private person. For example, in the case "Billy Jones & Alfredo Ruiz v Joe Smith" where Smith is a state prisoner who brought a civil rights suit against two of the wardens in the prison (Jones & Ruiz), the following values should be coded: number of appellants that fall into the category "natural persons" =0 and number that fall into the category "state governments, their agencies, and officials" =2. A similar logic should be applied to businesses and associations. Officers of a company or association whose role in the case is as a representative of their company or association should be coded as being a business or association rather than as a natural person. However, employees of a business or a government who are suing their employer should be coded as natural persons. Likewise, employees who are charged with criminal conduct for action that was contrary to the company policies should be considered natural persons.
If the title of a case listed a corporation by name and then listed the names of two individuals that the opinion indicated were top officers of the same corporation as the appellants, then the number of appellants should be coded as three and all three were coded as a business (with the identical detailed code). Similar logic should be applied when government officials or officers of an association were listed by name.
Your specific task is to determine the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives". If the total number cannot be determined (e.g., if the appellant is listed as "Smith, et. al." and the opinion does not specify who is included in the "et.al."), then answer 99.

Opinion:
UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Noe Ervey GARCIA, Defendant, International Fidelity Insurance Company, Surety-Appellant.
No. 83-4265
Summary Calendar.
United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit.
Feb. 10, 1984.
Frances Baker Jack, Shreveport, La., C. Anthony Friloux, Jr., Houston, Tex., for surety-appellant.
Judith A. Lombardino, Asst. U.S. Atty., Shreveport, La., for plaintiff-appellee.
Before GEE, POLITZ and JOHNSON, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:
In August 1982, Noe Ervey Garcia was arrested pursuant to a federal grand jury indictment charging him with possession of marijuana with intent to distribute it (21 U.S.C. §§ 841(a), 846). He was released from custody after posting a $100,000 appearance bond on which appellant, International Fidelity Insurance Company (“International”), acted as surety.
When Garcia failed to appear at a pretrial conference on November 30, 1982, the district court ordered that an arrest warrant issue and that the bond be revoked. The court also ordered that an evidentiary hearing be set for the following day to reconsider its ruling on the bond revocation. At the hearing, Garcia testified that after speaking with his attorney at the courthouse prior to the pretrial conference he thought that his presence was no longer necessary and therefore he left to catch a plane to return to his home. Garcia and a United States marshal also testified that Garcia voluntarily surrendered at the airport. The court found that Garcia “did not willfully leave the courthouse prior to his scheduled court appearance” and therefore “the order of this court revoking ... Garcia’s bond is recalled and the defendant is released on the same bond that is now posted.”
On December 6, 1982, Garcia failed to appear for trial (and still remains at large). The government then made an oral motion to forfeit his bond, which was granted by the court. An “Appearance Bond Forfeiture Judgment Order” was subsequently filed by the court on January 11, 1983. International thereafter filed a motion to set aside the bond forfeiture, which the court denied on April 5. International filed a timely notice of appeal.
I. November 30 Bond Revocation
International initially argues that the district court erred in refusing to set aside the bond forfeiture because there was no valid bond in effect at the time of the forfeiture order. In support of this contention, appellant maintains that the court’s revocation of Garcia’s bond on November 30 terminated the surety’s liability and the bond could not be validly reinstated unilaterally by the court.
The government counters appellant’s argument by contending that the November 30 order was only a “temporary revocation” pending an evidentiary hearing to ensure that Garcia’s due process rights were protected, citing United States v. Bowdach, 561 F.2d 1160, 1166-67 (5th Cir.1977). The government states:
In the case before this Court, the Honorable Eugene Davis, following the procedures outlined in Bowdach, held a hearing on the issue of whether or not the defendant’s bond should be permanently revoked and found that Garcia’s absence from the pretrial conference was not willful [sic] and therefore was not a breach of the conditions of the bond. Therefore, it follows that without a breach of the conditions of the bond, the bond obligation between Garcia and the Appellant and the United States of America remained wholly in effect. The revocation of the bond under these circumstances and procedures operates as neither a forfeiture nor does it terminate the bond obligation.
The government’s argument is persuasive.
“The burden of establishing grounds for setting aside ... a bond forfeiture rests on the party challenging it.” United States v. Roher, 706 F.2d 725, 727 (5th Cir.1983) (citation omitted). Moreover, the district court has wide discretion in deciding this issue, and its judgment will be disturbed only for clear abuse of that discretion. Id.
The precise question raised by International appears to be one of first impression in this Circuit, as well as the other circuits. Appellant concedes that the cases it relies upon are not directly on point. It is well settled, however, that “since sureties assume the duty to ensure appearance of their principals, they should advise themselves of scheduled appearances and the court need not notify them of their setting, ... or the principal’s failure to appear.” United States v. Roher, 706 F.2d at 727. Indeed, Rule 46(e) of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedures requires only that notice be given of a motion for judgment of forfeiture. See id.
In the alternative, International argues that “if this Court determines that a bond can be reinstated unilaterally, . .. the reinstatement in this instance subjected the surety to a more onerous undertaking than the one to which it first agreed. INTERNATIONAL FIDELITY did not agree to be surety for a principal who had absented himself at will.”
It is true that “[a]s a general rule the terms of a bail contract are to be construed strictly in favor of the surety, who may not be held liable for any greater undertaking than he has agreed to.” United States v. Miller, 539 F.2d 445, 447 (5th Cir.1976) (citation omitted). The facts in the instant case, however, do not indicate that International was subjected to any greater risk due to the district court’s recalling of the bond revocation order. In an analogous case, United States v. Jones, 719 F.2d 110, 111-12 (5th Cir.1983), the Court found that the surety’s obligation to secure the defendant’s appearance was unchanged by the government’s release of the defendant following his arrest for violating the conditions of his bond. That finding was based on the following facts:
While Jones’ appeal was pending, he violated the conditions of his bond by leaving Texas for Bolivia, where he was arrested in July 1978 for involvement in a drug transaction. He was immediately brought back to Texas by agents of the Drug Enforcement Agency (“DEA”). Jones agreed to work undercover for the DEA. Accordingly, the complaint against him for the 1978 violation was dismissed, and Jones was released — but once again he fled....
United States v. Jones, 719 F.2d at 111. In reliance upon United States v. Miller, the court concluded that the government’s release of Jones after his re-arrest did not by itself violate the terms of the bond or alter the surety’s liability. Id. at 112.
In the case sub judice, the trial judge found that Garcia’s absence from the pretrial conference was not willful and therefore he recalled the revocation order. This act by itself did not violate the terms of the bond or alter the surety’s liability. International has failed to establish a clear abuse of discretion by the district court.
II. 18 U.S.C. § 3142
International next argues that the district court’s recalling of the bond revocation order denied it its “right to arrest Garcia and surrender him into custody so as to obtain an exoneration on the bond” under the provisions of 18 U.S.C. § 3142. We are not persuaded. Appellant cites no authority in support of its contention that § 3142 confers an exclusive right upon a surety to arrest his principal. The statute provides that “[a]ny party charged with a criminal offense who is released on the execution of an appearance bail bond with one or more sureties, may, in vacation, be arrested by his surety... . ” 18 U.S.C. § 3142 (emphasis added). A plain reading of the statute reveals that the surety has the authority to arrest his bailee, but there is no language to the effect that the authority is exclusive.
III. Fed.R.Crim.P. 46(c)
Finally, appellant contends that the district court erred by failing to follow the “mandatory” provision of Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 46(e)(1). The rule provides: “If there is a breach of condition of a bond, the district court shall declare a forfeiture of the bail.” Fed.R.Crim.P. 46(e)(1) (emphasis added). Thus, reasons International, “[h]ad the District Court ordered forfeiture at the proper time — when Garcia first failed to appear and when a valid bond existed — the circumstances indicate that, under the guidelines provided by this Court, the District Court would have set aside the order or, at the least, remitted it in part” [because, among other factors, Garcia’s absence from the pretrial conference was not willful]. This argument is self-contradictory.
On the one hand appellant argues that Garcia’s failure to appear on November 30 was willful and therefore the court’s recall of the bond revocation order subjected it to a greater risk. On the other hand, appellant maintains that Garcia’s absence was not willful and that the court should have declared an immediate bond forfeiture which it would have later set aside.
Appellant cites no authority that would require the result it seeks. In any event, the district court found that there was no breach of condition of the bond that would warrant the declaration of a forfeiture when Garcia failed to appear at the pretrial conference. International has not demonstrated that a valid bond did not exist on December 6, 1982, nor has it demonstrated that the district court abused its wide discretion in refusing to set aside the forfeiture.
AFFIRMED.

Question: What is the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives"? Answer with a number.

Choices:

Answer: 1