What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
Note that if an individual is listed by name, but their appearance in the case is as a government official, then they should be counted as a government rather than as a private person. For example, in the case "Billy Jones & Alfredo Ruiz v Joe Smith" where Smith is a state prisoner who brought a civil rights suit against two of the wardens in the prison (Jones & Ruiz), the following values should be coded: number of appellants that fall into the category "natural persons" =0 and number that fall into the category "state governments, their agencies, and officials" =2. A similar logic should be applied to businesses and associations. Officers of a company or association whose role in the case is as a representative of their company or association should be coded as being a business or association rather than as a natural person. However, employees of a business or a government who are suing their employer should be coded as natural persons. Likewise, employees who are charged with criminal conduct for action that was contrary to the company policies should be considered natural persons.
If the title of a case listed a corporation by name and then listed the names of two individuals that the opinion indicated were top officers of the same corporation as the appellants, then the number of appellants should be coded as three and all three were coded as a business (with the identical detailed code). Similar logic should be applied when government officials or officers of an association were listed by name.
Your specific task is to determine the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives". If the total number cannot be determined (e.g., if the appellant is listed as "Smith, et. al." and the opinion does not specify who is included in the "et.al."), then answer 99.

Opinion:
SHAW v. GREAT ATLANTIC & PACIFIC TEA CO. et al.
No. 4680.
Circuit Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit.
Nov. 18, 1940.
L. D. Jennings, of Sumter, S. C., for appellant.
R. D. Epps, of Sumter, S. C. (Epps & Epps and Geo. D. Levy, all of Sumter, S. C., on the brief), for appellees.
Before SOPER and DOBIE, Circuit Judges, and CHESNUT, District Judge.
PER CURIAM.
The action of the District Court in directing a verdict for the defendants in this case was amply justified by the facts. The plaintiff charged the Great Atlantic and Pacific Tea Company and one of its employees «with fraud and deceit, in that on divers occasions, when she was purchasing goods from a store of the corporation in Sumter, South Carolina, the defendants gave her a sales slip on which the total purchases were purposely overstated, whereby she was deceived and led to pay more than she owed. The proof shows that at the outside, the plaintiff was defrauded of the sum of six dollars, that is to say, two dollars in December, 1937, and one dollar each on four subsequent occasions in June, 1938. These amounts may be contrasted with the extraordinary claim on the part of the plaintiff that she be reimbursed in the sum of $25,000, basing her claim in this respect on the doctrine of the South Carolina courts that in cases of either contract or tort, punitive damages may be allowed if there is evidence of fraud or of wanton disregard of the rights of the injured party. Medlin v. Southern Ry. Co., 143 S.C. 91, 141 S.E. 185, 56 A.L.R. 767; Williams v. Commercial Casualty Ins. Co., 159 S.C. 301, 156 S.E. 871.
But in the pending case the plaintiff failed to present any substantial evidence that she had suffered any loss by reason of the deceit or fraud of the defendants. She testified that on each of the four occasions last above mentioned, the employee charged her one dollar more than the sum total of her purchases; and this testimony, although denied by the employee, must be accepted as true. Nevertheless, she suffered no loss by deceit or fraud, as charged in the complaint, because at the time she was suspicious of the employee and made no effort to ascertain the correctness of the bill at’the time that she paid it; but, on the contrary, willingly paid the sum charged for the purpose of securing evidence on which to base a suit for fraud against the defendants. It is well settled in South Carolina and elsewhere that a plaintiff may not recover on the charge of fraud and deceit unless it is shown that he was deceived by false representations, and relied upon them to his hurt. It follows that while the plaintiff might have recovered the sums due and owing her in a .proper suit, she was not entitled to recover the loss suffered on these occasions in an action for fraud and deceit.
The only other incident upon which the plaintiff relies took place in December, 1937, when, according to her testimony, the sales slip showed an aggregate of two dollars in excess of the listed items. The plaintiff at the time was conducting a boarding house or nursing home for which the supplies were bought, and when she returned to her home, the discrepancy was ■called to her attention; but she thought so little of it that she did not mention it to the defendants or ask for a refund, although she ■continued to deal at the store. Evidently she had reason to believe that no mistake had been made; and it may be that the discrepancy was brought about by a practice, which she followed from time to time, to include in the check given by her in payment for the goods a dollar or two more than the bill, so that she might have cash to spend for other purposes. Under the circumstances, the occurrence presented no such substantial evidence of fraud and deceit as to justify the submission of the issue to the jury.
The judgment of the District Court will be affirmed.

Question: What is the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives"? Answer with a number.

Choices:

Answer: 0