What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
Note that if an individual is listed by name, but their appearance in the case is as a government official, then they should be counted as a government rather than as a private person. For example, in the case "Billy Jones & Alfredo Ruiz v Joe Smith" where Smith is a state prisoner who brought a civil rights suit against two of the wardens in the prison (Jones & Ruiz), the following values should be coded: number of appellants that fall into the category "natural persons" =0 and number that fall into the category "state governments, their agencies, and officials" =2. A similar logic should be applied to businesses and associations. Officers of a company or association whose role in the case is as a representative of their company or association should be coded as being a business or association rather than as a natural person. However, employees of a business or a government who are suing their employer should be coded as natural persons. Likewise, employees who are charged with criminal conduct for action that was contrary to the company policies should be considered natural persons.
If the title of a case listed a corporation by name and then listed the names of two individuals that the opinion indicated were top officers of the same corporation as the appellants, then the number of appellants should be coded as three and all three were coded as a business (with the identical detailed code). Similar logic should be applied when government officials or officers of an association were listed by name.
Your specific task is to determine the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "fiduciaries". If the total number cannot be determined (e.g., if the appellant is listed as "Smith, et. al." and the opinion does not specify who is included in the "et.al."), then answer 99.

Opinion:
BENDER v. GOLDMAN.
No. 5960.
Circuit Court of Appeals, Third Circuit.
May 28, 1936.
George L. Reed, of Harrisburg, Pa., for appellant.
Thomas D. Caldwell and Caldwell, Fox & Stoner, all of Harrisburg, Pa., for appellee.
Before BUFFINGTON, DAVIS, and THOMPSON, Circuit Judges.
BUFFINGTON, Circuit Judge.
The question here involved is whether under the facts and pleadings it was incumbent upon the plaintiff to establish by a fair preponderance of evidence, first, that the bankrupts, both as a firm and as individuals, were insolvent at the time of the alleged preference; and, second, that the defendant knew, or had reasonable cause to believe, that the enforcement of the judgment would result in a preference.
From the proofs it appears that Abraham Goldman and Leo Berman started in business as a partnership under the name of Penn Wood Heel Company, which firm was engaged in making wooden heels for women’s shoes. Elizabeth B. Goldman worked for the company. The company, through Abraham Goldman, gave to her a judgment note for $2,500 for the firm’s indebtedness to her. The company became somewhat involved financially, and she entered up her judgment, sold the assets of the business, and paid all the debts of the firm, with the exception of one creditor. The petition in bankruptcy was filed against Goldman and Berman, individually and as copartners. Paragraphs 9 and 10 of the bill in equity filed in the court below are as follows:
“9. That the said defendant, Elizabeth B. Goldman, caused her judgment to be entered and execution to issue thereon knowing or having reasonable cause to believe that the said bankrupt was insolvent and that she would thereby secure a preference under the provisions of the Bankruptcy Act.
“10. That at the time of the entry of the judgment and the issuing of the wyit of execution aforesaid, the said bankrupts, being the defendants in the said judgment, were insolvent and they were known or believed by the defendant to be insolvent.”
The answers to paragraphs 9 and 10 are found on page 10 of the record, and are as follows:
“9. The defendant denies that she caused her judgment note to be entered and execution to be issued thereon, knowing or having reasonable cause to believe that the said bankrupt was insolvent and that she would thereby secure a preference under the provisions of the Bankruptcy Act.
“10. The defendant denies that at the time of the entry of the aforementioned judgment or the issuing of the execution thereon that she had any knowledge that the bankrupts were insolvent or that she had any reason to believe that the bankrupts were insolvent.”
It will be seen that the partners were declared against as a firm and not as individuals, and the failure to deny that they were insolvent as individuals did not, contrary to the contentions of the appellant, admit that they were insolvent individually. Accordingly, we hold with the appellee and the court below that it was not incumbent upon the appellee to prove that the members of the firm were insolvent individually.
Second, did the appellee know, or have reasonable cause to know, that the enforcement of the judgment would result in a preference? It was pointed out that she was not a bookkeeper and did not know of the real financial status of the firm. She was told only what it was necessary for her to know in doing the work she did, and there was no evidence that she knew the firm was insolvent. Having charged in the bill that she knew, or had reasonable cause so to know this, the burden was upon the appellant to prove that fact. We think the trustee in bankruptcy has failed to do that and that the finding of the court below must stand, because there is nothing in our judgment to invalidate her judgment. So holding, the decree of the court is affirmed.

Question: What is the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "fiduciaries"? Answer with a number.

Choices:

Answer: 1