What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
Note that if an individual is listed by name, but their appearance in the case is as a government official, then they should be counted as a government rather than as a private person. For example, in the case "Billy Jones & Alfredo Ruiz v Joe Smith" where Smith is a state prisoner who brought a civil rights suit against two of the wardens in the prison (Jones & Ruiz), the following values should be coded: number of appellants that fall into the category "natural persons" =0 and number that fall into the category "state governments, their agencies, and officials" =2. A similar logic should be applied to businesses and associations. Officers of a company or association whose role in the case is as a representative of their company or association should be coded as being a business or association rather than as a natural person. However, employees of a business or a government who are suing their employer should be coded as natural persons. Likewise, employees who are charged with criminal conduct for action that was contrary to the company policies should be considered natural persons.
If the title of a case listed a corporation by name and then listed the names of two individuals that the opinion indicated were top officers of the same corporation as the appellants, then the number of appellants should be coded as three and all three were coded as a business (with the identical detailed code). Similar logic should be applied when government officials or officers of an association were listed by name.
Your specific task is to determine the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials". If the total number cannot be determined (e.g., if the appellant is listed as "Smith, et. al." and the opinion does not specify who is included in the "et.al."), then answer 99.

Opinion:
NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD v. INTER-CITY ADVERTISING CO. OF CHARLOTTE, N. C., Inc. et al.
No. 6226.
United States Court of Appeals Fourth Circuit.
Argued June 11, 1951.
Decided July 16, 1951.
Frederick U. Reel, Atty., National Labor Relations Board, Washington, D. C. (George J. Bott, General Counsel; David P. Findling, Associate General Counsel; A. Norman Somers, Assistant General Counsel, and Melvin Pollack, Attorney, National Labor Relations Board, Washington, D. C., on brief), for petitioner.
Whiteford S. Blakeney, Charlotte, N. C. (Pierce & Blakeney, Charlotte, N. C., on brief), for respondents.
Before PARKER, Chief Judge, and SO-PER and DOBIE, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM.
This is a petition to enforce an order of the National Labor Relations Board finding that respondent had restrained and coerced its employees with respect to union activities, had discriminatorily discharged certain of them and had refused to bargain with the union which they had chosen as bargaining representative. It requires respondent to recognize the union as bargaining agent of the employees, to cease and desist from anti-union activities and to restore with back pay employees discrimin-atorily discharged or shifted to less desirable positions. The order is attacked on the ground that it is not supported by substantial evidence.
The evidence is set forth and analyzed in the Board’s order and the Intermediate Report of the Trial Examiner and need not be repeated here. It fully sustains the findings of the Board as to the anti-union activities of respondent, the discriminatory discharge of nonsupervisory employees and the refusal to bargain. It is argued that the refusal to bargain was justified because respondent did not know that the bargaining units were proper or that the union had achieved a majority status; but the propriety of the bargaining units was a matter for the Board and the union unquestionably had a majority status in each of the units involved. Respondent, moreover, made no attempt to ascertain whether or not the union represented a majority of employees in an appropriate unit but declined to bargain when request was made by the union and engaged in unfair labor practices in an attempt to get rid of it as a bargaining representative. In dealing with this matter the Board said:
“In justification of its conduct, the Respondent contends, in part, that it reasonably believed it could await certification of the Union before bargaining. We find no merit in this contention. As we have previously held, an employer may insist on a Board election as proof of a union’s majority if it is motivated by a bona fide doubt of that majority. In this case, however, the Respondent, after learning that the Union had filed a representation petition, engaged in unfair labor practices, including the discriminatory discharge of union adherents, clearly designed to make a free election impossible. We are convinced, therefore, that the Respondent’s failure to reply to the Union’s requests for bargaining was not motivated by any bona fide doubt as to its majority, but by a desire to gain further time in which to undermine its support. Under these circumstances, the fact that petition had been filed furnishes no defense to the refusal to bargain.”
A similar defense to refusal to bargain was rejected by this court in N. L. R. B. v. Clarksburg Pub. Co., 4 Cir., 120 F.2d 976, 980, where we said:
“The company contends that its action in this respect should be excused on the grounds (1) that the Guild offered no ‘reasonable proof’ that it represented a majority of the editorial employees, and (2) that the unit represented by the Guild was inappropriate for the purposes of collective bargaining in view of the peculiar character of the company’s business. Neither of these defenses is tenable. The evidence indicates and the Board found that the Guild represented a majority of the editorial employees; and it is obvious that the refusal of the company, acting through Highland, to bargain with the Guild was not due to any doubt as to the number of employees in the union, but was due to a positive rejection by the company of the principle of collective bargaining. Where the real attitude of an employer is that he will not bargain collectively with his employees under any conditions, he cannot excuse himself on the ground that sufficient proof of a majority status was not furnished him. [National] Labor [Relations] Board v. Remington Rand, Inc., 2 Cir., 94 F.2d 862, certiorari denied 304 U.S. 576, 58 S.Ct. 1046, 85 L.Ed. 1540; [National] Labor [Relations] Board v. Biles Coleman Lumber Co., 9 Cir., 98 F.2d 18, 22. This holding applies with equal force to the second excuse of the company that the Guild constituted an inappropriate unit for bargaining purposes.”
With respect to the finding as to the discharge of the supervisory employee Peeler, however, and the order of reinstatement thereon, we do not think that the Board’s action is sustained by the record. On the contrary, we think it perfectly clear that Peeler was discharged because of his connection with the organization of the union and we agree with the dissenting opinion of Member Reynolds that there is no substantial evidence to support the finding that he was discharged because he would not engage in the unfair labor practice of spying upon other employees. As he was a supervisory employee, he was not protected from discharge because of union membership or activities. 29 U.S.C.A. § 152(3).
The order of the Board will accordingly be modified by eliminating therefrom section 2(b) which directs the reinstatement of Peeler with back pay; and, as so modified, it will be enforced.
Modified and Enforced.

Question: What is the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officialss"? Answer with a number.

Choices:

Answer: 1