What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
Note that if an individual is listed by name, but their appearance in the case is as a government official, then they should be counted as a government rather than as a private person. For example, in the case "Billy Jones & Alfredo Ruiz v Joe Smith" where Smith is a state prisoner who brought a civil rights suit against two of the wardens in the prison (Jones & Ruiz), the following values should be coded: number of appellants that fall into the category "natural persons" =0 and number that fall into the category "state governments, their agencies, and officials" =2. A similar logic should be applied to businesses and associations. Officers of a company or association whose role in the case is as a representative of their company or association should be coded as being a business or association rather than as a natural person. However, employees of a business or a government who are suing their employer should be coded as natural persons. Likewise, employees who are charged with criminal conduct for action that was contrary to the company policies should be considered natural persons.
If the title of a case listed a corporation by name and then listed the names of two individuals that the opinion indicated were top officers of the same corporation as the appellants, then the number of appellants should be coded as three and all three were coded as a business (with the identical detailed code). Similar logic should be applied when government officials or officers of an association were listed by name.
Your specific task is to determine the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials". If the total number cannot be determined (e.g., if the appellant is listed as "Smith, et. al." and the opinion does not specify who is included in the "et.al."), then answer 99.

Opinion:
NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD, Petitioner, v. PERKINS MACHINE COMPANY, Respondent.
No. 6182.
United States Court of Appeals First Circuit.
Jan. 23, 1964.
Peter M. Giesey, Washington, D. C., Atty., with whom Arnold Ordman, Gen. Counsel, Dominick L. Manoli, Assoc. Gen. Counsel, Marcel Mallet-Prevost, Asst. Gen. Counsel, and Solomon I. Hirsh, Washington, D. C., Atty., were on brief, for petitioner.
John H. Goewey, Worcester, Mass., with whom James S. Gratton and Bowditch, Gowetz & Lane, Worcester, Mass., were on brief, for respondent.
Before WOODBURY, Chief Judge, and HARTIGAN and ALDRICH, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM.
Respondent employer was found to have violated sections 8(a) (5) and (1) of the National Labor Relations Act by refusing to furnish the union with certain wage information and data (allegedly relevant to a grievance and/or arbitration proceeding) during the term of a collective bargaining contract which, unlike respondent’s previous agreement, had no express provision imposing such an obligation. Such an obligation, however, is normally implied as part of an employer’s general duties under the act, cf. Boston Herald-Traveler Corp. v. N. L. R. B., 1 Cir., 1955, 223 F.2d 58, and an employer cannot refuse unless there has been a “clear and unmistakable” waiver by the union. Timken Roller Bearing Co. v. N. L. R. B., 6 Cir., 1963, 325 F.2d 746; N. L. R. B. v. Item Co., 5 Cir., 220 F.2d 956, 958-59, cert. den. 350 U.S. 836, 76 S.Ct. 73, 100 L.Ed. 746; Tide Water Associated Oil Co., 1949, 85 N.L.R.B. 1096, 1098. In finding that the omission of the previous affirmative clause from the present agreement following negotiations during which respondent said it would not grant such rights was not such a waiver, the Board erroneously referred to statements (in our opinion ambiguous, at best) made by the union after the agreement had been entered into, and hence entirely immaterial. Nevertheless, we cannot say the Board’s decision was without substantial support. Where a provision would normally be implied in an agreement by operation of the act itself (but cf. Speidel Corp., 1958, 120 N.L.R.B. 733, when it is not), we think a waiver should be express, and that a mere inference, no matter how strong, should be insufficient. Cf. Timken Roller Bearing Co. v. N. L. R. B., supra. It is not necessary, to support the Board, for us to follow the case it now cites of N. L. R. B. v. Gulf Atlantic Warehouse Co., 5 Cir., 1961, 291 F.2d 475. We could not agree with the seeming suggestion in that opinion that the parol evidence rule required the waiver to be contained within the four corners of the written agreement. Cf. Rodriguez v. Secretary of the Treasury of Puerto Rico, 1 Cir., 1960, 276 F.2d 344, 349. Nor has this been the Board’s position. Speidel Corp., supra; Berkshire Corp., 1959, 123 N.L.R.B. 685.
A decree will be entered enforcing the order of the Board.

Question: What is the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officialss"? Answer with a number.

Choices:

Answer: 1