What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
When coding the detailed nature of participants, use your personal knowledge about the participants, if you are completely confident of the accuracy of your knowledge, even if the specific information is not in the opinion. For example, if "IBM" is listed as the appellant it could be classified as "clearly national or international in scope" even if the opinion did not indicate the scope of the business. 
Your task is to determine the nature of the first listed respondent.

Opinion:
Rafael CASTILLO-MAGALLON and Martha Ismelda Naranjo de Castillo, Petitioners, v. IMMIGRATION AND NATURALIZATION SERVICE, Respondent.
No. 83-7006.
United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.
Argued and Submitted Feb. 8, 1984.
Decided April 4, 1984.
Paul D. Edmondson, Yakima, Wash., for petitioners.
Joan E. Smiley, Washington, D.C., for respondent.
Before WRIGHT and HUG, Circuit Judges, and MACBRIDE, District Judge.
The Honorable Thomas J. MacBride, Senior United States District Judge for the Eastern District of California, sitting by designation.
HUG, Circuit Judge:
Petitioners Rafael Castillo-Magallon and his wife Martha Ismelda Naranjo de Castillo seek review of a Board of Immigration Appeals (“BIA”) decision dismissing their appeal from a decision of the Immigration Judge (“U”) ordering them excluded from the United States pursuant to section 212(a)(20) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (“INA”), 8 U.S.C. § 1182(a)(20). Petitioners contend that the IJ erred in refusing to consider their application for suspension of deportation under section 244(a)(1) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. § 1254(a)(1). The INS contends that this appeal must be dismissed on the ground that this court lacks jurisdiction to review exclusion proceedings.
FACTS
Both petitioners entered the United States from Mexico without inspection, she in June, 1973, and he in February, 1974. Apparently they were subjected to deportation proceedings at some point. The IJ’s decision mentions only that “[o]n August 27, 1977, both applicants were notified that due to the court order in Silva v. Levi, ... no action would be taken in their cases until further action by the Court.” The Silva case had been brought to “recapture” Western Hemisphere visa numbers previously given to Cuban refugees. See Silva v. Bell, 605 F.2d 978 (7th Cir.1979). On July 2, 1980, petitioners were issued Form 1-512, Authorization for Parole or Conditional Entry, on which it was noted that they were presently in the United States pursuant to the Silva order and permitted to leave and return to the United States pending a filial resolution of that order. Petitioners then left the United States for two weeks to visit an ailing parent in Mexico, returning on July 26, 1980, as “parolees.”
When the Silva case was resolved in a way that offered petitioners no relief, the INS initiated exclusion proceedings against them. At a hearing on July 26, 1982, petitioners were found excludable as charged. They sought to apply for suspension of deportation, but the IJ ruled that they were not entitled to do so. The BIA affirmed, holding that petitioners were clearly ex-cludable and that it had no jurisdiction to consider suspension of deportation in exclusion proceedings.
ANALYSIS
This court would have jurisdiction to hear this direct appeal from the BIA if the IJ’s order were a final order of deportation. 8 U.S.C. § 1105a(a). An alien against whom a final order of exclusion has been made, however, “may obtain judicial review of such order by habeas corpus proceedings and not otherwise.” 8 U.S.C. § 1105a(b). Since the record in this case leaves no doubt that the IJ intended to issue an order of exclusion, this court lacks jurisdiction to hear the appeal.
That the IJ refused to consider the petitioners’ application for suspension of deportation does not change the result. At an exclusion proceeding an alien is not entitled to seek a suspension of deportation. 8 U.S.C. § 1252(e); Landon v. Plasencia, 459 U.S. 21, 103 S.Ct. 321, 326, 74 L.Ed.2d 21 (1982). In any case, the IJ’s refusal occurred in the course of an exclusion proceeding. Even if the IJ had erred, we would lack jurisdiction to hear a direct appeal.
Petitioners may be understood to contend that they were entitled to a deportation proceeding rather than an exclusion proceeding. Their argument is that the Silva injunction gave them the status of permanent resident aliens and, therefore, that the issue of whether their return from Mexico in 1980 was an “entry” for purposes of section 101(a)(13) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(13), can be litigated only in deportation proceedings. If a permanent resident alien has not “meaningfully departed” the United States, then he cannot be said to “enter” the United States when he returns, and he is thus not subject to exclusion proceedings under section 236(a), 8 U.S.C. § 1226(a). The Supreme Court has held, however, that the issue of “entry” may indeed be decided at an exclusion hearing. Landon v. Plasencia, 103 S.Ct. at 328-29. Whether there was “entry” is a jurisdictional fact. Id. at 328.
In the present ease, the IJ did not specifically address this issue but simply assumed that an exclusion proceeding was appropriate. If he erred in that tacit assumption, he did so in the course of determining his jurisdiction to hold an exclusion proceeding. Review of an exclusion proceeding, even one in which the IJ’s jurisdiction is challenged, is available only in a habeas corpus proceeding in the district court.
This appeal is DISMISSED for lack of jurisdiction.

Question: What is the nature of the first listed respondent?

Choices:
private business (including criminal enterprises)
private organization or association
federal government (including DC)
sub-state government (e.g., county, local, special district)
state government (includes territories & commonwealths)
government - level not ascertained
natural person (excludes persons named in their official capacity or who appear because of a role in a private organization)
miscellaneous
not ascertained

Answer: 2