What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
Note that if an individual is listed by name, but their appearance in the case is as a government official, then they should be counted as a government rather than as a private person. For example, in the case "Billy Jones & Alfredo Ruiz v Joe Smith" where Smith is a state prisoner who brought a civil rights suit against two of the wardens in the prison (Jones & Ruiz), the following values should be coded: number of appellants that fall into the category "natural persons" =0 and number that fall into the category "state governments, their agencies, and officials" =2. A similar logic should be applied to businesses and associations. Officers of a company or association whose role in the case is as a representative of their company or association should be coded as being a business or association rather than as a natural person. However, employees of a business or a government who are suing their employer should be coded as natural persons. Likewise, employees who are charged with criminal conduct for action that was contrary to the company policies should be considered natural persons.
If the title of a case listed a corporation by name and then listed the names of two individuals that the opinion indicated were top officers of the same corporation as the appellants, then the number of appellants should be coded as three and all three were coded as a business (with the identical detailed code). Similar logic should be applied when government officials or officers of an association were listed by name.
Your specific task is to determine the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives". If the total number cannot be determined (e.g., if the appellant is listed as "Smith, et. al." and the opinion does not specify who is included in the "et.al."), then answer 99.

Opinion:
In re M.S.V., INC., Martin Specialty Vehicles, Inc., Debtors. M.S.V., INC., Plaintiff, Appellant, v. BANK OF BOSTON—WESTERN MASSACHUSETTS, N.A., Defendant, Appellee.
No. 89-1341.
United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit.
Heard Nov. 6, 1989.
Decided Dec. 15, 1989.
David M. Nickless, with whom Nickless and Phillips, Fitchburg, Mass., was on brief, for plaintiff, appellant.
Francis H. Fox with whom Lawrence S. Buonomo, Bingham, Dana & Gould, Boston, Mass., Maurice M. Cahillane and Egan Flanagan & Egan, P.C., Springfield, Mass., were on brief, for defendant, appellee.
Before BREYER, Circuit Judge, VAN GRAAFEILAND, Senior Circuit Judge, and SELYA, Circuit Judge.
Of the Second Circuit, sitting by designation.
BREYER, Circuit Judge.
M.S.V., Inc., the appellant, borrowed money from the appellee, the Bank of Boston. It gave the Bank a secured interest in company assets as collateral. In early 1986 the Bank foreclosed, seized the collateral, sold it, and eventually placed the proceeds — about $20,000 — in escrow. M.S.V. filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy, sued the Bank in state court, and brought a similar suit in federal bankruptcy court. It basically claimed that the Bank, in foreclosing, broke its contract and violated a host of state tort and unfair business practice laws; it also asked the federal bankruptcy court to order the Bank to turn over the $20,000 collateral proceeds, which, it said, belonged to it. The bankruptcy court decided it lacked jurisdiction to hear most of the state claims, but it heard the “breach of contract” claim and awarded M.S.V. about $560,000 in damages.
The Bank appealed the $560,000 award to the federal district court. 97 B.R. 721 (1989). 28 U.S.C. § 158(a). That court noted that the damage award rested upon a state law (breach of contract) cause of action that arose before M.S.V.’s bankruptcy; it found that the Bank had not consented to the bankruptcy court hearing that claim; and it held that the bankruptcy court therefore lacked jurisdiction to award the damages. See In re Arnold Print Works, Inc., 815 F.2d 165, 167 (1st Cir.1987) (state law claims arising prior to bankruptcy filing are typically “non-core” proceedings that a bankruptcy court can hear only with the parties' consent). M.S.V. now appeals this district court determination to us.
We must dismiss this appeal because the district court order from which M.S.V. appeals is not “final.” 28 U.S.C. § 158(d); 28 U.S.C. § 1291. The district court order remands the case to the bankruptcy court, and the parties have stipulated that the bankruptcy court must now decide at least two related matters:
1) whether the Bank or M.S.V. is entitled to the $20,000 proceeds from the sale of the collateral, and
2) whether the Bank’s claim against M.S.V. should be equitably subordinated to the claims of other M.S.V. creditors. See 11 U.S.C. § 510(c).
These further matters are part of, or closely related to, M.S.V.’s basic dispute with the Bank; they do not involve the totally unrelated claim of some other creditor to M.S.V. assets; and they require significantly more than simply “ministerial” bankruptcy court activity. Thus, prior case law in this circuit makes clear that M.S.V. cannot now appeal. See In re Saco Local Development Corp., 711 F.2d 441, 445-46 (1st Cir.1983) (“a 'proceeding’ within a bankruptcy case,” not the entire case, is “the relevant ‘judicial unit’ for purposes of finality;” judgment is “final” when it “conclusively determines [such] a separable dispute over a creditor’s claim or priority”); Tringali v. Hathaway Machinery Co., 796 F.2d 553, 558 (1st Cir.1986) (same); In re American Colonial Broadcasting Corp., 758 F.2d 794, 801 (1st Cir.1985) (same); In re Gould & Eberhardt Gear Machinery Corp., 852 F.2d 26, 29 (1st Cir.1988) (district court determination in respect to such a separable dispute is not “final” when the court remands the case for “further proceedings” that are “significant” and not “only ministerial”). The district court determination about the $562,000 damage award is not appealable as a “collateral” order under Cohen v. Beneficial Industrial Loan Corp., 337 U.S. 541, 69 S.Ct. 1221, 93 L.Ed. 1528 (1949), because it is neither “completely separate from the merits” of M.S.V.’s bankruptcy court action against the Bank, nor “effectively unreviewable on appeal from a final judgment.” Coopers & Lybrand v. Livesay, 437 U.S. 463, 468, 98 S.Ct. 2454, 2457, 57 L.Ed.2d 351 (1978).
M.S.V. also asks us to order the district court to assess sanctions against the Bank for having filed a district court brief of maximum permitted length (50 pages), but which contained “eighty-five lineal inches of single spaced footnotes and no true statement of facts.” We agree with the Bank that whether or not to assess such sanctions is a matter for the district court. We also note, however, that the Bank (after obtaining permission) filed an overly long (sixty instead of fifty) page brief in this court. Having studied that brief, we can find no reason for its unusual length; indeed, despite that length it failed to explain clearly to us just what had happened in the courts below. We have learned, through experience, that it is typically the shorter briefs that are the most helpful, perhaps because the discipline of compression forces the parties to explain clearly and succinctly what has happened, the precise legal issue, and just why they believe the law supports them. Be that as it may, we believe it appropriate to discourage the filing of excessively lengthy briefs in this court. Although it is difficult to determine whether length is excessive before we hear a case, we have a more educated view thereafter. Consequently, whether or not we grant permission to file an overly long brief, we may assess special costs if we subsequently conclude that the extra length was unnecessary and did not help. Since M.S.V.’s request for sanctions and the district court’s adverse comments should have alerted the Bank’s counsel to his briefing problem, we shall assess double costs in this case against the Bank.
Appeal dismissed without prejudice.

Question: What is the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives"? Answer with a number.

Choices:

Answer: 1