What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
Your task is to determine or not there was any amicus participation before the court of appeals.

Opinion:
Ralph D. LAMBERT and Margot Lambert, Ernest J. Henley and Barbara M. Henley, Martha Henley, Petitioners, v. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, Respondent.
Nos. 79-81, Dockets 28983-28985.
United States Court of Appeals Second Circuit.
Argued Oct. 20, 1964.
Decided Oct. 30, 1964.
Raymond F. Garrity, Washington, D. C. (Garrity, Ferguson & Phillipps, Carl A. Phillipps, Washington, D. C., on brief), for petitioners.
Edward B. Greensfelder, Jr., St. Louis, Mo. (Louis F. Oberdorfer, Asst. Atty. Gen., Lee A. Jackson and David O. Walter, Attys., Dept. of Justice, Washington, D. C.), for respondent.
Edward Pesin, Newark, N. J., for S. Arthur Stern, filed a brief as amicus curiae.
Before FRIENDLY, KAUFMAN and ANDERSON, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:
We affirm the judgment of the Tax Court on the opinion of Judge Fay. Although the Commissioner might well have taken a more lenient view on the facts here presented, it is plain that the petitioners did not comply with requirements on which the Commissioner was entitled to insist.

Question: Was there any amicus participation before the court of appeals?

Choices:
no amicus participation on either side
1 separate amicus brief was filed
2 separate amicus briefs were filed
3 separate amicus briefs were filed
4 separate amicus briefs were filed
5 separate amicus briefs were filed
6 separate amicus briefs were filed
7 separate amicus briefs were filed
8 or more separate amicus briefs were filed
not ascertained

Answer: 1