What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
Note that if an individual is listed by name, but their appearance in the case is as a government official, then they should be counted as a government rather than as a private person. For example, in the case "Billy Jones & Alfredo Ruiz v Joe Smith" where Smith is a state prisoner who brought a civil rights suit against two of the wardens in the prison (Jones & Ruiz), the following values should be coded: number of appellants that fall into the category "natural persons" =0 and number that fall into the category "state governments, their agencies, and officials" =2. A similar logic should be applied to businesses and associations. Officers of a company or association whose role in the case is as a representative of their company or association should be coded as being a business or association rather than as a natural person. However, employees of a business or a government who are suing their employer should be coded as natural persons. Likewise, employees who are charged with criminal conduct for action that was contrary to the company policies should be considered natural persons.
If the title of a case listed a corporation by name and then listed the names of two individuals that the opinion indicated were top officers of the same corporation as the appellants, then the number of appellants should be coded as three and all three were coded as a business (with the identical detailed code). Similar logic should be applied when government officials or officers of an association were listed by name.
Your specific task is to determine the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives". If the total number cannot be determined (e.g., if the appellant is listed as "Smith, et. al." and the opinion does not specify who is included in the "et.al."), then answer 99.

Opinion:
Charles W. MABRA, Petitioner-Appellant, v. Ramon L. GRAY, Respondent-Appellee.
No. 74-1690.
United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit.
Argued April 25, 1975.
Decided July 3, 1975.
Rehearing Denied Aug. 11, 1975.
Charles F. Crutchfield, Dennis Mulshine, law student, Notre Dame Law School, Notre Dame, Ind., Joseph P. Bauer, Notre Dame, Ind., for petitioner-appellant.
William A. Platz, Asst. Atty. Gen., Madison, Wis., for respondent-appellee.
Before CUMMINGS, STEVENS and TONE, Circuit Judges.
STEVENS, Circuit Judge.
The question presented is whether appellant’s Fourth Amendment rights were violated by a custodial search of his wife’s purse and person. Currency, identified as the proceeds of a tavern holdup allegedly committed by appellant Mabra, was obtained during the search.
The appeal is from the denial of a petition for a writ of habeas corpus; appellant’s conviction of armed robbery while masked and first degree murder had previously been affirmed by the Wisconsin Supreme Court. State v. Mabra, 61 Wis.2d 613, 213 N.W.2d 545 (1974). Mabra and his wife were apprehended about four hours after the crime, the police investigation having revealed that Mrs. Mabra had borrowed the getaway car from her brother that morning and had not yet returned it. After what was apparently a cursory search for weapons at the time of arrest, Mr. and Mrs. Mabra were taken to the police station in separate vehicles. Thereafter a custodial search of Mrs. Mabra’s purse revealed $40.20, including sixteen $1 bills and the balance in change; a search of her person disclosed an additional $539 in currency; this evidence was admitted over objection at Mabra’s trial. On appeal from the denial of a motion for a new trial, the state Supreme Court held that Mabra had standing to challenge the validity of the search but that since Mrs. Mabra’s arrest was supported by probable cause, the search was proper.
As a matter of federal law, appellant may not assert an alleged violation of his wife’s Fourth Amendment rights as a basis for suppressing the evidence taken from her person. Alderman v. United States, 394 U.S. 165, 171-175, 89 S.Ct. 961, 22 L.Ed.2d 176; Jones v. United States, 362 U.S. 257, 261, 80 S.Ct. 725, 4 L.Ed.2d 697. Appellant argues that his rights were violated because the search of his wife was intended to uncover evidence that could be used against him; therefore, in the language used by Mr. Justice Frankfurter for the Court in Jones, he was “one against whom the search was directed.” 362 U.S. at 261, 80 S.Ct. at 731.
We may assume, even though the record is unclear on the point, that the police hoped to find evidence tending to incriminate Mabra when they searched his wife. Nevertheless, apart from that hope, they had two legitimate reasons for searching her that did not concern him. First, in connection with temporary incarceration at the police station, routine procedure includes a search to determine whether weapons or other dangerous instrumentalities are being brought inside. Second, since the police knew that Mrs. Mabra had procured the getaway car, they had reason to believe that she was involved in the robbery herself. Thus, if the search was designed to obtain evidence relating to the robbery, it was reasonable to expect that such evidence would be used against her. It is not accurate, therefore, to characterize the search as directed against her husband.
This is not a case in which Mabra can argue that there was an illegal invasion of his wife’s privacy for the sole purpose of obtaining evidence against him. We therefore need not squarely hold that he would not have standing to challenge the search in such circumstances, although we note respectable authority for a reading of the phrase “one against whom the search was directed” as merely another way of describing “a victim of a search or seizure,” rather than as an additional category of persons having standing to make the Fourth Amendment objection. See especially Chief Judge Murrah’s opinion in Sumrall v. United States, 382 F.2d 651, 654-655 (10th Cir. 1967), cert. denied, 389 U.S. 1055, 88 S.Ct. 806, 19 L.Ed.2d 853, a case remarkably similar to this one on its facts. See also W. White & R. Greenspan, “Standing to Object to Search and Seizure,” 118 U.Pa.L.Rev. 333, 346-348 & n. 81 (1970). But see Judge Swygert’s concurring opinion in United States v. Lisk, No. 75-1033, 522 F.2d 228 (7th Cir. 1975).
M Neither the custodial search of Mrs. Mabra, nor the seizure from her person of the proceeds of the armed robbery violated Mabra’s Fourth Amendment rights. Cf. United States v. Lisk, No. 75-1033, 522 F.2d 228 (7th Cir. 1975). Accordingly, as a matter of federal law, he had no right to object to the admissibility of that evidence.
. Appellant’s counsel has correctly pointed out that a number of states have held that the deterrent purpose of the exclusionary rule justifies a defendant’s vicarious reliance on a violation of another person’s Fourth Amendment rights as a basis for objecting to the admissibility of illegally seized evidence. The leading case is Judge Traynor’s opinion in People v. Martin, 45 Cal.2d 755, 290 P.2d 855 (1955). See also Wing v. State, 490 P.2d 1376 (Okl.Cr.App.1971), cert. denied, 406 U.S. 919, 92 S.Ct. 1772, 32 L.Ed.2d 119. The Wisconsin Supreme Court also noted that the Model Code of PreArraignment Procedure, Official Draft No. 1, recommended by the American Law Institute on July 15, 1972, has recommended that the existing standing rules be relaxed to accord standing to a spouse of the person searched. See 61 Wis.2d at 621-622 n. 4, 213 N.W.2d 545. However, we are, of course, bound by the decisions of the United States Supreme Court; and it is perfectly clear that in a collateral attack on a state conviction, a federal court may only consider alleged violations of the petitioner’s federal constitutional rights as a basis for relief.
. The relevant sentence in Mr. Justice Frankfurter’s opinion reads as follows:
“In order to qualify as a ‘person aggrieved by an unlawful search and seizure’ one must have been a victim of a search or seizure, one against whom the search was directed, as distinguished from one who claims prejudice only through the use of evidence gathered as a consequence of a search or seizure directed at someone else.”
362 U.S. at 261, 80 S.Ct. at 731. The descriptions of (1) “a victim of a search”, and (2) “one against whom the search was directed” may be read as appositive.
. Nor do we believe there is any merit to Ma-bra’s contention that he was denied due process by the failure of the prosecutor to specify in the information which of the three paragraphs in Wis.Stat. § 939.05(2) (Parties to Crime) he was relying upon. State v. Cydzik, 60 Wis.2d 683, 688, 211 N.W.2d 421, 425 (1973).

Question: What is the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives"? Answer with a number.

Choices:

Answer: 0