What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
Note that if an individual is listed by name, but their appearance in the case is as a government official, then they should be counted as a government rather than as a private person. For example, in the case "Billy Jones & Alfredo Ruiz v Joe Smith" where Smith is a state prisoner who brought a civil rights suit against two of the wardens in the prison (Jones & Ruiz), the following values should be coded: number of appellants that fall into the category "natural persons" =0 and number that fall into the category "state governments, their agencies, and officials" =2. A similar logic should be applied to businesses and associations. Officers of a company or association whose role in the case is as a representative of their company or association should be coded as being a business or association rather than as a natural person. However, employees of a business or a government who are suing their employer should be coded as natural persons. Likewise, employees who are charged with criminal conduct for action that was contrary to the company policies should be considered natural persons.
If the title of a case listed a corporation by name and then listed the names of two individuals that the opinion indicated were top officers of the same corporation as the appellants, then the number of appellants should be coded as three and all three were coded as a business (with the identical detailed code). Similar logic should be applied when government officials or officers of an association were listed by name.
Your specific task is to determine the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "state governments, their agencies, and officials". If the total number cannot be determined (e.g., if the appellant is listed as "Smith, et. al." and the opinion does not specify who is included in the "et.al."), then answer 99.

Opinion:
UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Alan Devore FIELDS, Defendant-Appellee.
No. 83-1425.
United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit.
Argued Feb. 21, 1984.
Decided March 23, 1984.
Leonard R. Gilman, U.S. Atty., Detroit, Mich., James L. McCarthy Asst. U.S. Atty. (argued), Detroit Mich., for plaintiff-appellant.
Duane A. Elston, Detroit, Mich., Federal Defenders Office, Detroit, Mich., K. Preston Oade, Jr., Southfield, Mich., Dennis M. Furman (argued), Rochester, Mich., for defendant-appellee.
Before LIVELY, Chief Judge; JONES and CONTIE, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM.
This is an appeal by the government from an order of the district court granting a reduction in sentence to the defendant-appellee Fields. Fields pled guilty to a charge of conspiracy to possess with intent to distribute and distribution of controlled substances in violation of 21 U.S.C. §§ 841(a)(1) and 846. The plea was entered pursuant to a plea agreement under Rule 11, Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, which provided for a maximum term of imprisonment of ten years and a maximum fine of $25,000. The district court sentenced Fields to a term of ten years’ imprisonment on October 8, 1982,.but did not impose a fine.
On January 25, 1983, 109 days after sentencing, Fields filed a motion for reduction of sentence pursuant to Rule 35, Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure. Rule 35(b) provides in pertinent part: “The court may reduce a sentence within 120 days after the sentence is imposed____” The district court denied the motion for reduction of sentence on February 28, 1983 and Fields filed a second motion for reduction of sentence on March 3, 1983, 145 days after the imposition of sentence.
After scheduling a hearing on the second motion of Fields, the district court held a hearing on a motion for reduction of sentence filed by a co-defendant of Fields and in disposing of that motion reduced the sentence of Fields along with that of the co-defendant. Fields’ sentence was reduced from ten years to four. The district court found no justification for a severe disparity between the sentence of Fields and this co-defendant and others of equal culpability convicted for their participation in the conspiracy. The district court concluded that it had not been properly informed of the role of the various participants in the drug conspiracy when it sentenced Fields and the co-defendant whose motion for reduction was then before it.
The issue presented by this appeal is one of jurisdiction. The government argues that the district court had no jurisdiction to reduce the sentence of Fields under the circumstances of this case. In United States v. Hetrick, 644 F.2d 752 (9th Cir. 1981), the court held that after a district court has passed on a timely motion to reduce sentence it did not have jurisdiction to entertain a subsequent, untimely motion and the second motion would not be deemed to relate back to the first. A similar conclusion was reached in United States v. Inendino, 655 F.2d 108 (7th Cir. 1981), where the court pointed out that the time limit in Rule 35 is jurisdictional and may not be extended at the discretion of the district court. Senior Circuit Judge Luther Swygert, writing for the court, explained the reasons for strict adherence to the time limits of Rule 35 as follows:
The purpose of the rule is to protect the district court from recurrent requests from defendants to reconsider their sentence and to prevent the courts from becoming an alternative to the Parole Commission as a means of release from custody. The rule also recognizes the natural tendency of judges to become more lenient as the evidence of wrongdoing presented at trial becomes more remote.
Id. at 109 (footnote omitted).
We agree with the interpretation of Rule 35 by the two courts of appeals and with the rationale for strict application enunciated by Judge Swygert. Accordingly, it is necessary to reverse the judgment of the district court in the present ease. We note, however, that in her memorandum opinion the district judge found an equal protection violation in the disparity of sentences in the present case and our determination that the order pursuant to Rule 35 was not authorized in no way limits the right of the defendant-appellee to seek relief pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2255.
The judgment of the district court is reversed.

Question: What is the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "state governments, their agencies, and officials"? Answer with a number.

Choices:

Answer: 0