What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
Note that if an individual is listed by name, but their appearance in the case is as a government official, then they should be counted as a government rather than as a private person. For example, in the case "Billy Jones & Alfredo Ruiz v Joe Smith" where Smith is a state prisoner who brought a civil rights suit against two of the wardens in the prison (Jones & Ruiz), the following values should be coded: number of appellants that fall into the category "natural persons" =0 and number that fall into the category "state governments, their agencies, and officials" =2. A similar logic should be applied to businesses and associations. Officers of a company or association whose role in the case is as a representative of their company or association should be coded as being a business or association rather than as a natural person. However, employees of a business or a government who are suing their employer should be coded as natural persons. Likewise, employees who are charged with criminal conduct for action that was contrary to the company policies should be considered natural persons.
If the title of a case listed a corporation by name and then listed the names of two individuals that the opinion indicated were top officers of the same corporation as the appellants, then the number of appellants should be coded as three and all three were coded as a business (with the identical detailed code). Similar logic should be applied when government officials or officers of an association were listed by name.
Your specific task is to determine the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "natural persons". If the total number cannot be determined (e.g., if the appellant is listed as "Smith, et. al." and the opinion does not specify who is included in the "et.al."), then answer 99.

Opinion:
Mary Frances JAYNES, Appellant, v. Manly W. JAYNES, Jr., et al., Appellees.
No. 801, Docket 73-2809.
United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit.
Argued April 3, 1974.
Decided April 22, 1974.
Mary Frances Jaynes, pro se.
Before HAYS and OAKES, Circuit Judges, and CHRISTIANSEN District Judge.
Of the United States District Court for the District of Utah, sitting by designation.
PER CURIAM:
This pro se complaint against individuals for acts allegedly done in Texas, Louisiana and Mississippi may be treated as one for violation of appellant’s civil rights or as one based upon diversity of citizenship. These individuals, appellees here, were neither served with process nor did they appear in this action. The district court treated the case as primarily a civil rights case and dismissed it on the ground of improper venue, 28 U.S.C. §§ 1391(b) & 1406(a). It did so correctly, since none of the acts alleged to have deprived appellant of her civil rights took place in the Northern District of New York, and none of the alleged perpetrators reside in the Northern District of New York.
Beyond this, even if jurisdiction were treated as being based solely on diversity of citizenship under 28 U.S.C. § 1391(a) — in which event venue in the Northern District would be proper — the appellant has never obtained service of process over any of the appellees within the territorial limits of New York State. Fed.R.Civ.P. 4. As has been held, “the presence of venue does not dispense with the necessity for service in order to acquire personal jurisdiction.” Rabiolo v. Weinstein, 357 F.2d 167, 168 (7th Cir. 1966), cert. denied, 391 U.S. 923, 88 S. Ct. 1816, 20 L.Ed.2d 659 (1968).
Appellant apparently did ask the district court to subpoena the defendants below, over 30 in number, to appear. True, the district court has such power as to witnesses if the witnesses in a civil case reside within the district or without the district but within 100 miles of the place of hearing or trial. Fed.R. Civ.P. 45(e)(1). Similarly, in a criminal case brought by the United States witnesses may be subpoenaed without regard to where they live in this country. Fed.R.Crim.P. 45(e)(1). But this is a civil case in which appellant seeks to have the district court subpoena parties who reside in Texas or other parts of the country more than 100 miles from any place within the Northern District of New York for the purpose of obtaining jurisdiction over them. The district court has no power to subpoena these parties and as such had no jurisdiction; accordingly, we have no choice but to affirm its judgment of dismissal. See, e. g., Shahmoon Industries, Inc. v. Imperato, 338 F.2d 449 (3d Cir. 1964).
Because there is no jurisdiction in this or the district court appellant’s various requests for relief such as instituting or causing to be instituted proceedings in Texas regarding the custody of her son or the conveyance of her real or personal property said to be in Texas are beyond our power to grant.
Judgment affirmed.

Question: What is the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "natural persons"? Answer with a number.

Choices:

Answer: 1