What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
Note that if an individual is listed by name, but their appearance in the case is as a government official, then they should be counted as a government rather than as a private person. For example, in the case "Billy Jones & Alfredo Ruiz v Joe Smith" where Smith is a state prisoner who brought a civil rights suit against two of the wardens in the prison (Jones & Ruiz), the following values should be coded: number of appellants that fall into the category "natural persons" =0 and number that fall into the category "state governments, their agencies, and officials" =2. A similar logic should be applied to businesses and associations. Officers of a company or association whose role in the case is as a representative of their company or association should be coded as being a business or association rather than as a natural person. However, employees of a business or a government who are suing their employer should be coded as natural persons. Likewise, employees who are charged with criminal conduct for action that was contrary to the company policies should be considered natural persons.
If the title of a case listed a corporation by name and then listed the names of two individuals that the opinion indicated were top officers of the same corporation as the appellants, then the number of appellants should be coded as three and all three were coded as a business (with the identical detailed code). Similar logic should be applied when government officials or officers of an association were listed by name.
Your specific task is to determine the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials". If the total number cannot be determined (e.g., if the appellant is listed as "Smith, et. al." and the opinion does not specify who is included in the "et.al."), then answer 99.

Opinion:
COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE v. FERREE.
No. 6005.
Circuit Court of Appeals, Third Circuit.
May 29, 1936.
Frank J. Wideman, Asst. Atty. Gen., and Howard P. Locke and Sewall Key, Sp. Assts. to the Atty. Gen., for appellant.
John J. Dougherty and John M. Marshall, both of Pittsburgh, Pa., for appellee.
Before BUFFINGTON, DAVIS, and THOMPSON, Circuit Judges.
BUFFINGTON, Circuit Judge.
In this case the majority of the Tax Board held with the taxpayer that he had a deductible loss in 1929. The minority held otherwise. Both sides filed enlightening opinions. We agree with the majority, and our reasons for so holding we now set forth.
Ferree, the petitioner, owned 1,000 shares of Continental Can, purchased in August, 1929, the certificates of which he kept in a safety deposit box. On December 19, 1929, he sold, through his broker, 200 shares and delivered the certificates for them the next day. On December 27, he instructed his broker to sell the 800 shares “represented by the certificates which remained in his safety deposit box.” On December 30, the broker sold 200 and on December 31, 600 shares, Ferree did not deliver the certificates, but left them where they were. On January 31, 1930, Ferree, through the same broker, bought 500 Continental Can shares, and on February 3, 1,000 shares. .The broker delivered certificates for 700 shares, which Ferree put in his box with the 800 shares remaining there.
In his income tax return Ferree deducted the loss amounting to $30,317. The Commissioner, however, claimed that the above transaction was a short sale not completed until the covering purchases in January and February of 1930, and that, therefore, the above loss was not deductible as of 1929. The Board of Tax Appeals upheld the contention of the petitioner that the transaction consisted of a completed sale during 1929 and as such the loss was deductible.
The contention of the Commissioner is based upon the fact that the petitioner did not deliver the 800 shares to the broker, and that the broker, to complete the sale, must have bought or “borrowed” other shares, to deliver to his customer. Thus if the broker did buy or borrow other shares, the Commissioner contends that he did not in fact sell the 800 shares in the petitioner’s safety deposit box, but 800 other shares. The Board assumes that the broker did make a delivery to the purchaser as required by the rules of the Stock Exchange.
Four members of the Board dissented from the finding that this was not a short sale.
There is no dispute that “a short sale is a contract for the sale of shares which the seller does not own or the certificates for which are not within his control so as to be available for delivery at the time when, under the rules of the Exchange, delivery must be made.” Provost v. United States, 269 U.S. 443, 46 S.Ct. 152, 153, 70 L.Ed. 352; Appleby v. Commissioner, 31 B.T.A. 533, points out that a sale of certain shares on December 30, 1930, existed as of that time, though the certificates were not delivered to the broker until January 6, 1931, and the loss was deductible in 1930.
Under the Sales Act of Pennsylvania, where the taxpayer lived, and the Uniform Sales Act, the intention of the parties governs. Section 19, rule 1 (69 P.S.Pa. § 143, rule 1) for ascertaining intention reads: “Where there is an unconditional contract to sell specific goods, in a deliverable state, the property in the goods passes to the buyer when the contract is made, and it is immaterial whether the time of payment or time of delivery, or both, be postponed.”
The broker, acting as agent of the petitioner, was authorized to sell the 800 shares identified and was not authorized to sell short. Upon completing the sale, he had a right to demand these identical shares. However, the broker substituted other shares of equal value which was in no way objectionable to the purchaser. The broker still had the right to demand the original 800 shares. However, when the petitioner purchased 1,500 shares of the same stock through him, he merely withheld 800 shares. As the original intention is controlling, these subsequent substitutions do not change the original transaction.
It would be meaningless formality to demand that the petitioner hand over the 800 and receive 800 identical shares. However, if the petitioner had handed over the original 800 shares to the broker in January or February and had taken the entire 1,500 shares he had recently purchased, he would have come within Appleby v. Commissioner, supra.
This petitioner intended to sell these shares in order to take" a loss. This is justifiable under the statutes. The broker intended to execute the petitioner’s order. The Sales Act allows delay of delivery. The Revenue Act does not prevent the petitioner from keeping 800 shares of stock which he owes to the broker when the broker owes him 800 shares of the same stock.
So holding, the judgment of the Tax Board is affirmed.

Question: What is the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officialss"? Answer with a number.

Choices:

Answer: 1