What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
Note that if an individual is listed by name, but their appearance in the case is as a government official, then they should be counted as a government rather than as a private person. For example, in the case "Billy Jones & Alfredo Ruiz v Joe Smith" where Smith is a state prisoner who brought a civil rights suit against two of the wardens in the prison (Jones & Ruiz), the following values should be coded: number of appellants that fall into the category "natural persons" =0 and number that fall into the category "state governments, their agencies, and officials" =2. A similar logic should be applied to businesses and associations. Officers of a company or association whose role in the case is as a representative of their company or association should be coded as being a business or association rather than as a natural person. However, employees of a business or a government who are suing their employer should be coded as natural persons. Likewise, employees who are charged with criminal conduct for action that was contrary to the company policies should be considered natural persons.
If the title of a case listed a corporation by name and then listed the names of two individuals that the opinion indicated were top officers of the same corporation as the appellants, then the number of appellants should be coded as three and all three were coded as a business (with the identical detailed code). Similar logic should be applied when government officials or officers of an association were listed by name.
Your specific task is to determine the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "fiduciaries". If the total number cannot be determined (e.g., if the appellant is listed as "Smith, et. al." and the opinion does not specify who is included in the "et.al."), then answer 99.

Opinion:
GOLDSTONE v. PAYNE.
No. 207.
Circuit Court of Appeals, Second Circuit.
Feb. 14, 1938.
MANTON, Circuit Judge, dissenting.
De Forest, Cullom & Elder, of New York City (Neil P. Cullom and Henry W. Steingarten, both of New York City, of counsel), for appellant.
Schenker & Schenker, of New York City (Benjamin Schenker, of New York' City, John J. Francis, of Newark, N. J., and Irving Schiller, of New York City, of counsel), for appellee.
Before MANTON, SWAN, and AUGUSTUS N. HAND, Circuit Judges.
SWAN, Circuit Judge. ...
This appeal raises a single question, namely, whether the District Court had jurisdiction to enter the judgment appealed from. The plaintiff is a resident of Idaho, the defendant a resident of New York, and the action is upon a promissory note for $5,000, dated July 23, 1929, and payable on demand to the order of the payee, by whom it was assigned to the plaintiff for some $2,-000 in December, 1929. When the note was executed and when this action was commenced in June, 1935, both the maker and the payee were residents of New York. Thus the action fell squarely within the “assignee clause” of section 24(1) of the Judicial Code, 28 U.S.C.A. § 41(1), and the District Court was without jurisdiction to entertain it. Parker v. Ormsby, 141 U.S. 81, 11 S.Ct. 912, 35 L.Ed. 654; see also, Judicial Code § 37, 28 U.S.C.A. § 80. But, the jurisdictional defect having been overlooked, issues were framed by the pleadings and the case went to trial, resulting in a verdict for the plaintiff in the sum of $2,-625, plus interest from the date of suit. The defendant then moved for dismissal for lack of jurisdiction. This motion was overruled on the ground that the court had acquired jurisdiction by virtue of a counterclaim pleaded by the defendant.
The defendant’s original answer to the amended complaint set up as a first “defense, counterclaim and set-off” that the note was void for usury, and prayed judgment against the plaintiff for $2,375, the aggregate of sums alleged to have been paid by the defendant to the plaintiff’s assignor on account of the note in ignorance of its invalidity. By an amended answer the defendant repeated the allegations of its first “defense, counterclaim and set-off” and added a second, which alleged a breach of contract by the plaintiff’s assignor in failing to pay the purchase price of stock which he had agreed to buy from the defendant for $3,000 as part of the transaction pursuant to which the note in suit was given. The amended answer contained no prayer for affirmative judgment against the plaintiff.
The amended answer superseded the original answer and thus took out of the pleadings any prayer by the defendant for an affirmative judgment. Millard v. Delaware, L. & W. R. Co., 204 App.Div. 80, 197 N.Y.S. 747; New York Wire Co. v. Westinghouse Co., 85 Hun 269, 32 N.Y.S. 1127. Hence the defendant’s counterclaims assert simply by way of recoupment to defeat recovery by the plaintiff (1) payment of $2,375 to the plaintiff’^ assignor on account of the note, and (2) a breach of contract by the plaintiff’s assignor to the damage of the defendant in the sum of $3,000. It is urged, however, that withdrawal of the affirmative prayer of the original answer could not divest the District Court of jurisdiction because of the doctrine that, the jurisdiction of a federal court having once attached, no subsequent event may divest it. The cases enunciating this doctrine are readily distinguishable. In Kirby v. American Soda Fountain Co., 194 U.S. 141, 24 S.Ct. 619, 48 L.Ed. 911; Kanouse v. Martin, 15 How. 198, 14 L.Ed. 660, and Roberts v. Nelson, 20 Fed.Cas. p. 900, No. 11,907, C.C., S.D.N.Y., it was held that, after motion to remove to the appropriate federal court, the complaint could not be amended to reduce the amount claimed below the requisite jurisdictional sum, nor withdrawn so as to thwart jurisdiction. The doctrine is inapplicable to the present case, because jurisdiction of the counterclaim containing the affirmative prayer never vested in the court since the recovery sought was less than the jurisdictional amount. Even so, the plaintiff asserts, relying upon Merchants Heat & Light Co. v. Clow & Sons, 204 U.S. 286, 27 S.Ct. 285, 51 L.Ed. 488, a demand in recoupment is recognized as a cross-demand, the pleading of which invokes the jurisdiction of the court in the defendant’s behalf. In that case it was held that by pleading in recoupment the defendant waived any defect in the service of process upon it. This decision is plainly' inapplicable to the facts at bar. Where a court has jurisdiction over the subject matter of an action, a defendant may submit himself to the court and thereby confer upon it jurisdiction over his person. But, where the court lacks jurisdiction over the subject matter of a case, the defect is not cured by getting personal jurisdiction of the defendant. Such a want of jurisdiction cannot be waived by pleading or any other form of consent — not even by going to trial. Mexican National Railroad Co. v. Davidson, 157 U.S. 201, 15 S.Ct. 563, 39 L.Ed. 672; Home Ins. Co. v. Sipp, 3 Cir., 11 F.2d 474; United States v. New York & O. S. S. Co., 2 Cir., 216 F. 61, 67.
The appellee relies also upon two decisions of this court. The first, O. J. Lewis Mercantile Co. v. Klepner, 2 Cir., 176 F. 343, at page 346, certiorari denied 216 U.S. 620, 30 S.Ct. 575, 54 L.Ed. 641, cites Merchants Co. v. Clow & Sons, supra, for the following statement: “Again, the defendant interposed a counterclaim and, having invoked the jurisdiction of the court for its own benefit, is now estopped from denying it.” If this be construed as meaning that a defendant by filing a counterclaim can give a court jurisdiction of a case over which a statute denies it jurisdiction, the statement is certainly not supported by the authority cited and must be deemed1 erroneous, as Judge Wooley demonstrated in Home Ins. Co. v. Sipp, 3 Cir., 11 F.2d 474, at page 476.
The other decision of this court upon which the plaintiff places great reliance is Ginsburg v. Pacific Mutual Life Ins. Co., 2 Cir., 69 F.2d 97. That was an appeal from a dismissal on the ground that the complaint disclosed that the controversy involved less than the jurisdictional amount. In a per curiam opinion we said that it was unnecessary to consider the jurisdictional controversy as to the amount sued for by the plaintiff because the counterclaim established the jurisdiction of the district court. The only authorities cited were Merchants Co. v. Clow & Sons, supra, and the Klepner Case, supra. The statement would appear to be a dictum, for the opinion had previously stated that the complaint set forth three causes of action, one of which claimed damages of more than $25,000. But, assuming it to be true that, where the requisite diversity, of citizenship appears between the parties and the amount in controversy on the counterclaim is more than $3,000, a complaint seeking recovery of less than that amount will not be dismissed, that principle does not control the case at bar.
While there was diversity of citizenship between the plaintiff and the defendant, there was none between the defendant and the plaintiff’s assignor against whom alone the defendant alleged affirmative causes of action. Nothing was pleaded in the counterclaims to indicate liability on the part of the plaintiff to pay to the defendant the $2,375 received by the plaintiff’s assignor on account of the note, or to make good the assignor’s failure to purchase the stock. We are unable to find allegations in the counterclaims sufficient to support federal jurisdiction over them. Where a court has jurisdiction of the original suit, a cross-complaint or counterclaim is treated1 as ancillary, and the court will entertain the ancillary suit, although it could not have entertained it as an independent suit. In Brooks v. Laurent, 5 Cir., 98 F. 647, 652. this principle was applied with respect to the “assignee clause” of section 24 of the Judicial Code. But plainly, when jurisdiction is lacking over the primary suit, the defect cannot be cured by a counterclaim of which the court also lacks jurisdiction.
Moreover, even if, contrary to our view, it be assumed that the court had jurisdiction of the counterclaim, we do not think that this would support jurisdiction over the primary suit, which the statute expressly forbids it to entertain when there is no diversity of citizenship between the maker of the note and the plaintiff’s -assignor. The argument of hardship is pressed upon us; but it is a hardship for which the plaintiff seems to be at least as responsible as the defendant, since she chose the forum. However that may be, considerations of hardship can play no part in the decision where the court clearly lacks jurisdiction.
The appellee’s argument that the assignee clause does not apply to a holder in due course was satisfactorily answered by the court below, and is here mentioned merely to indicate that it has not been overlooked.
The judgment must be reversed and the cause remanded for dismissal for want of jurisdiction. It is so ordered. -
MANTON, Circuit Judge, dissents.
“No district court shall have cognizance of any suit (except upon foreign bills of exchange) to recover upon any promissory note or other chose in action ‘in favor of any assignee, or of any subsequent holder if such instrument be pay- - able to bearer and be not made by any corporation, unless such suit might have been prosecuted in such court to recover upon said note or other chose in action if no assignment had been made.”

Question: What is the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "fiduciaries"? Answer with a number.

Choices:

Answer: 1