What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
Note that if an individual is listed by name, but their appearance in the case is as a government official, then they should be counted as a government rather than as a private person. For example, in the case "Billy Jones & Alfredo Ruiz v Joe Smith" where Smith is a state prisoner who brought a civil rights suit against two of the wardens in the prison (Jones & Ruiz), the following values should be coded: number of appellants that fall into the category "natural persons" =0 and number that fall into the category "state governments, their agencies, and officials" =2. A similar logic should be applied to businesses and associations. Officers of a company or association whose role in the case is as a representative of their company or association should be coded as being a business or association rather than as a natural person. However, employees of a business or a government who are suing their employer should be coded as natural persons. Likewise, employees who are charged with criminal conduct for action that was contrary to the company policies should be considered natural persons.
If the title of a case listed a corporation by name and then listed the names of two individuals that the opinion indicated were top officers of the same corporation as the appellants, then the number of appellants should be coded as three and all three were coded as a business (with the identical detailed code). Similar logic should be applied when government officials or officers of an association were listed by name.
Your specific task is to determine the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives". If the total number cannot be determined (e.g., if the appellant is listed as "Smith, et. al." and the opinion does not specify who is included in the "et.al."), then answer 99.

Opinion:
POWELL et ux. v. WUMKES.
No. 10945.
Circuit Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.
June 6, 1945.
H. R. Griffin, of San Bernardino, Cal., for appellants.
Nichols, Cooper & Hickson, of Pomona, Cal., and C. P. Von Plerzen, of Los Angeles, Cal., for appellee.
Before MATHEWS, STEPHENS, and HEALY, Circuit Judges.
HEALY, Circuit Judge.
On a former appeal, Powell v. Wumkes, 9 Cir., 142 F.2d 4, we affirmed a decision of the bankruptcy court setting aside a referee’s valuation order and recommitting the matter for a further hearing. On the second hearing the referee fixed the value of the debtor’s property at $5,575. The secured creditor (appellee) again sought review, this time before Judge McCormick. On the review the judge set aside the referee’s valuation and recommitted the case once more. The debtor appeals.
The judge was of opinion that the referee had erred prejudicially in failing to consider evidence of sales of comparable property, as well as in rejecting evidence of a cash offer for the debtor’s property tendered by a witness for the creditor during the course of the hearing. It was thought that the unfair aspect of the referee’s determination was further manifested by affidavits received and considered on review.
We think the referee was right in ■rejecting evidence of cash offers. The purpose of a revaluation proceeding under the first proviso of § 75, sub. s(3) of the Bankruptcy Act, 11 U.S.C.A. § 203, sub. s(3), is not to effect a sale, but to determine the fair value at which the debtor may redeem Under such circumstances an offer to purchase is a meaningless gesture, if for no other reason than that there is no possibility of its being accepted. Cf. Sharp v. United States, 191 U.S. 341, 24 S.Ct. 114, 48 L.Ed. 211. However, there were other grounds upon which the judge might reasonably conclude that the hearing was unfair. For example, the debtor’s chief witness, on whose opinion the referee appears to have relied, fixed the value of the citrus grove in question at a figure in excess of $7,000 but arrived at a “net” value of $5,575 by the process of deducting a portion of the value of the growing crop. This was improper, since the unmatured crop was part of the real estate constituting the creditor’s security. Again, witnesses for the debtor were permitted to enlarge upon or explain their estimates of value by reference to their knowledge of sales of comparable property, whereas witnesses for the creditor were not allowed to do that. In their case the referee adhered to the altogether too narrow theory that such evidence is permissible only if developed on cross examination. Further, affidavits of competent persons, presented on review, fixed the reasonable 'value of the property at figures greatly in excess of that determined by the referee.
For the reasons given we are not disposed to disturb the judge’s order.
Affirmed.
Tile property is a citrus grove.
This witness was by profession an inheritance tax appraiser.

Question: What is the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives"? Answer with a number.

Choices:

Answer: 2