What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
Note that if an individual is listed by name, but their appearance in the case is as a government official, then they should be counted as a government rather than as a private person. For example, in the case "Billy Jones & Alfredo Ruiz v Joe Smith" where Smith is a state prisoner who brought a civil rights suit against two of the wardens in the prison (Jones & Ruiz), the following values should be coded: number of appellants that fall into the category "natural persons" =0 and number that fall into the category "state governments, their agencies, and officials" =2. A similar logic should be applied to businesses and associations. Officers of a company or association whose role in the case is as a representative of their company or association should be coded as being a business or association rather than as a natural person. However, employees of a business or a government who are suing their employer should be coded as natural persons. Likewise, employees who are charged with criminal conduct for action that was contrary to the company policies should be considered natural persons.
If the title of a case listed a corporation by name and then listed the names of two individuals that the opinion indicated were top officers of the same corporation as the appellants, then the number of appellants should be coded as three and all three were coded as a business (with the identical detailed code). Similar logic should be applied when government officials or officers of an association were listed by name.
Your specific task is to determine the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "natural persons". If the total number cannot be determined (e.g., if the appellant is listed as "Smith, et. al." and the opinion does not specify who is included in the "et.al."), then answer 99.

Opinion:
Michael BUONO, Appellant, v. JONES & LAUGHLIN STEEL CORP.
No. 71-1795.
United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit.
Submitted Under Third Circuit Rule 12(6) Sept. 8, 1972.
Decided Oct. 25, 1972.
Hymen Schlesinger, Schlesinger & Schlesinger, Pittsburgh, Pa., for appellant.
Loyal H. Gregg, Jones, Gregg, Creehan & Geraee, Daniel R. Minnick, Pittsburgh, Pa., for appellee.
Before SEITZ, Chief Judge, and VAN DUSEN and ALDISERT, Circuit Judges.
OPINION OF THE COURT
PER CURIAM:
This appeal challenges the judgment entered for the defendant after the jury verdict in defendant’s favor. The plaintiff, a seaman, alleged that he was injured when he and two fellow deckhands were pulling up a wire cable which rested on the bottom of the Ohio River in order to attach some empty barges to it. Plaintiff contended that “the wire slipped, and it was released by the deckhands, giving plaintiff a big jerk and pulling him down, causing his back to be wrenched . . . .” (Appellant’s brief at 3). He claimed this alleged injury was thus attributable to defendant’s negligence under the Jones Act, 46 U.S.C. § 688 (1970), and unseaworthiness under the maritime common law.
Careful consideration of the record and the trial court’s charge as a whole discloses that the trial judge accurately and adequately charged the jury on negligence and unseaworthiness. In particular, the instructions sufficiently explained the need for a fit and adequately constructed barge and for proper and fit equipment, appliances, and personnel (N.T. 260-61).
Plaintiff contends that, because the trial judge’s summary of both parties’ arguments included the statement that the defendant “maintains that the method used to secure the empty barges to the shore was a safe and customary one,” (Appendix II at 257), the trial judge should have given the instructions plaintiff requested on the issue of custom. However, plaintiff’s requests were too brief and did not adequately explain the applicable law. Furthermore, it is not clear that the defendant’s evidence as to the use of similar cables at some places on the Ohio River to secure barges necessarily established the existence of a custom. Consequently, we reject plaintiff’s argument on this point.
We have carefully reviewed plaintiff’s other contentions and have concluded that refusal to vacate, modify, or disturb the judgment is not “inconsistent with substantial justice.” See F.R.Civ.P. 61.
The judgment of the district court will be affirmed.
. Ely v. Reading Company, 424 F.2d 758, 760-61 (3d Cir. 1970).
. Although there was testimony that the captain maneuvered the tow so that plaintiff was forced to work off the outside gunnel, two members of the crew testified that they were working from the end deck, which was 26 feet by 10 to 12 feet.
. Any custom must be tested against the standard of reasonable care under all the circumstances. As stated in Texas & Pacific Ry. Co. v. Behymer, 189 U.S. 468, 470, 23 S.Ct. 622, 47 L.Ed. 905 (1903):
“What usually is done may be evidence of what ought to be done, but what ought to be done is fixed by a standard of reasonable prudence, whether it usually is complied with or not.”
See, also, W. Prosser, Law of Torts (4th ed. 1971), pp. 166-168.
. In order to establish that the defendant is conforming to the community’s idea of reasonable behavior, there must be evidence and a finding of the usual and customary conduct of others under similar circumstances. See W. Prosser, Law of Torts (4th ed. 1971), pp. 166-167.

Question: What is the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "natural persons"? Answer with a number.

Choices:

Answer: 1