What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
Note that if an individual is listed by name, but their appearance in the case is as a government official, then they should be counted as a government rather than as a private person. For example, in the case "Billy Jones & Alfredo Ruiz v Joe Smith" where Smith is a state prisoner who brought a civil rights suit against two of the wardens in the prison (Jones & Ruiz), the following values should be coded: number of appellants that fall into the category "natural persons" =0 and number that fall into the category "state governments, their agencies, and officials" =2. A similar logic should be applied to businesses and associations. Officers of a company or association whose role in the case is as a representative of their company or association should be coded as being a business or association rather than as a natural person. However, employees of a business or a government who are suing their employer should be coded as natural persons. Likewise, employees who are charged with criminal conduct for action that was contrary to the company policies should be considered natural persons.
If the title of a case listed a corporation by name and then listed the names of two individuals that the opinion indicated were top officers of the same corporation as the appellants, then the number of appellants should be coded as three and all three were coded as a business (with the identical detailed code). Similar logic should be applied when government officials or officers of an association were listed by name.
Your specific task is to determine the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives". If the total number cannot be determined (e.g., if the appellant is listed as "Smith, et. al." and the opinion does not specify who is included in the "et.al."), then answer 99.

Opinion:
UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Harold BROWN, Defendant-Appellant.
No. 26934
Summary Calendar.
United States Court of Appeals Fifth Circuit.
Oct. 2, 1969.
Samuel S. Jacobson (Ct.Apptd.), Jacksonville, Fla., for appellant.
Edward F. Boardman, U. S. Atty., Samuel S. Forman, Asst. U. S. Atty., Jacksonville, Fla., for appellee.
Before GEWIN, GOLDBERG and DYER, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:
Brown appeals from a judgment entered on a jury conviction of six counts of knowingly transporting in interstate commerce falsely made and forged securities in violation of 18 U.S. C.A. § 2314. He urges reversal on the grounds that the instruments he negotiated were not falsely made and forged securities within the meaning of the statute, and that the refusal of the District Judge to allow his trial counsel to withdraw and testify in his behalf denied him evidence which was vital to his defense. We affirm.
No detailed elaboration of the evidence at trial is necessary to resolve the issues presented in this appeal. Brown candidly admits that there was substantial evidence from which the jury could have convicted him. The money orders identified in the six count indictment came from three separate thefts of American Express Money Orders. The money orders were stolen in blank. Two alleged accomplices of Brown testified that he filled out and cashed the money orders. We proceed to Brown’s contentions in the order in which they were raised.
Brown first argues that a traveler’s check, stolen in blank and later filled in and cashed, is not a forged or falsely made security within the meaning of the Act. This argument has no merit. United States v. Franco, 5 Cir. 1969, 413 F.2d 282; cf. Castle v. United States, 5 Cir. 1961, 287 F.2d 657; Berry v. United States, 5 Cir. 1959, 271 F.2d 775. See also United States v. Duran, 5 Cir. 1969, 411 F.2d 275.
Brown’s second point, that he was denied a fair trial because the Trial Court would not permit his attorney to withdraw during the latter stages of the trial (which would have necessitated a mistrial) is also without merit. On two occasions Brown's attorney, Jacobson, interviewed Cole, an alleged accomplice and a prosecution witness. On the first occasion three other prisoners were present. On the second occasion Jacobson took a court reporter, but Cole refused to talk in the presence of the reporter. During the trial a proffer of Cole’s direct testimony was made out of the presence of the jury. Admittedly Jacobson knew that Cole was hostile, but he made no effort to cross-examine him during the proffer. The jury returned and Cole testified. On cross-examination Jacobson inquired about the interviews he had with Cole. Cole testified that Jacobson had attempted to convince him to plead the Fifth Amendment and not testify against Brown. The next day after five more witnesses had testified, Jacobson recalled Cole and cross-examined him further. After finishing with Cole, Jacobson moved to withdraw and have a mistrial declared so that he could testify in rebuttal of Cole at a new trial. The motion was denied.
Courts are reluctant to allow advocates participating in a trial to take the witness stand. Gajewski v. United States, 8 Cir. 1963, 321 F.2d 261; United States v. Alu, 2 Cir. 1957, 246 F.2d 29. Whether or not a participating attorney may testify is in the sound discretion of the trial judge. Travelers Insurance Co. v. Dykes, 5 Cir. 1968, 395 F.2d 747. Here there was no abuse of discretion. Jacobson knew that Cole was hostile, yet when he had the opportunity during the proffer he failed to cross-examine him out of the presence of the jury. Had he done so he might have thought twice before he brought out the “hurtful” and “inconsistent” testimony during cross-examination. Having failed to avail himself of the opportunity presented by the proffer to ascertain, in the absence of the jury, what Cole’s responses would be to cross-examination, the District Court was well within its discretion to deny Jacobson’s later motion to withdraw and to have a mistrial declared so that at a subsequent trial Jacobson could testify in an attempt to impeach Cole on essentially a collateral matter.
Affirmed.
. Pursuant to new Rule 18 of the Rules of this Court, we have concluded on the merits that this case is of such character as not to justify oral argument and have directed the clerk to place the case on the Summary Calendar and to notify the parties in writing. See Murphy v. Houma Well Service, 5 Cir. 1969, 409 F.2d 804.

Question: What is the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives"? Answer with a number.

Choices:

Answer: 0