What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
Note that if an individual is listed by name, but their appearance in the case is as a government official, then they should be counted as a government rather than as a private person. For example, in the case "Billy Jones & Alfredo Ruiz v Joe Smith" where Smith is a state prisoner who brought a civil rights suit against two of the wardens in the prison (Jones & Ruiz), the following values should be coded: number of appellants that fall into the category "natural persons" =0 and number that fall into the category "state governments, their agencies, and officials" =2. A similar logic should be applied to businesses and associations. Officers of a company or association whose role in the case is as a representative of their company or association should be coded as being a business or association rather than as a natural person. However, employees of a business or a government who are suing their employer should be coded as natural persons. Likewise, employees who are charged with criminal conduct for action that was contrary to the company policies should be considered natural persons.
If the title of a case listed a corporation by name and then listed the names of two individuals that the opinion indicated were top officers of the same corporation as the appellants, then the number of appellants should be coded as three and all three were coded as a business (with the identical detailed code). Similar logic should be applied when government officials or officers of an association were listed by name.
Your specific task is to determine the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives". If the total number cannot be determined (e.g., if the appellant is listed as "Smith, et. al." and the opinion does not specify who is included in the "et.al."), then answer 99.

Opinion:
Joseph K. MAJKO, Petitioner-Appellant, v. UNITED STATES of America, Respondent-Appellee.
No. 71-1357.
United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit.
March 16, 1972.
Joseph K. Majko, pro se.
Stanley B. Miller, U. S. Atty., Charles Goodloe, Jr., Asst. U. S. Atty., Indianapolis, Ind., for respondent-appellee.
Before KILEY, STEVENS and SPRECHER, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM.
On April 24, 1970, petitioner pleaded guilty to violations of 18 U.S.C. §§ 7 and 13. The date is important, because it was more than one year after the Supreme Court’s decision setting out guidelines for the acceptance of guilty pleas per Rule 11, Fed.R.Crim.P. McCarthy v. United States, 394 U.S. 459, 89 S.Ct. 1166, 22 L.Ed.2d 418 (1969).
We believe it is our duty to review the record for compliance with Rule 11, although petitioner did not specifically raise the McCarthy issue in his pro se § 2255 petition (nor did the U.S. Attorney call it to our attention). United States v. Briscoe, 428 F.2d 954 (8th Cir. 1970); cf. Boykin v. Alabama, 395 U.S. 238, 89 S.Ct. 1709, 23 L.Ed.2d 274 (1969). Contra, Fields v. United States, 438 F.2d 205 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 403 U.S. 907, 91 S.Ct. 2214, 29 L.Ed.2d 684 (1971). This duty is a corollary to the “plain-error” rule enunciated in Screws v. United States, 325 U.S. 91, 107, 65 S. Ct. 1031, 89 L.Ed. 1495 (1945), that a reviewing court must take note of fundamental errors on its own motion.
At the plea hearing, the district judge questioned the petitioner on the following topics: whether he understood that he was choosing between entering a guilty plea in Indiana and standing trial in California, where the information and indictment had been returned; whether he had read the information and indictment ; and whether he had discussed the nature of the offenses and the maximum penalties with his appointed lawyer. The judge told petitioner what his rights would be if he stood trial in California, informed him of the maximum penalties, and explained that a guilty plea would be an admission of what was stated in the charges against him. The judge then accepted petitioner’s pleas of guilty to all 12 counts against him and pronounced an executed sentence.
The judge made no inquiry as to petitioner’s understanding of the nature of the charges, as McCarthy requires. Nor did he meet a second McCarthy requirement, investigating the factual basis of the plea. Reading the indictment and asking whether a defendant has discussed the charge with his attorney does not satisfy McCarthy. United States v. Cody, 438 F.2d 287 (8th Cir. 1971). The judge also failed to question petitioner as to the voluntariness of his plea, whether it was the result of threats or promises.
Petitioner in his § 2255 petition attacked his guilty plea on the basis that his attorney promised he would get probation, and that a probation officer told him most defendants in situations like his got probation if they pleaded guilty. We need not consider this somewhat dubious claim, however, because the transcript of the hearing reveals that the dictates of McCarthy were not followed and that petitioner must have a second opportunity to plead to these charges.
We therefore reverse the dismissal of the § 2255 petition and set aside petitioner’s guilty pleas. Following the McCarthy procedure, we remand the case for a hearing at which petitioner may plead anew.

Question: What is the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives"? Answer with a number.

Choices:

Answer: 0