What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
Note that if an individual is listed by name, but their appearance in the case is as a government official, then they should be counted as a government rather than as a private person. For example, in the case "Billy Jones & Alfredo Ruiz v Joe Smith" where Smith is a state prisoner who brought a civil rights suit against two of the wardens in the prison (Jones & Ruiz), the following values should be coded: number of appellants that fall into the category "natural persons" =0 and number that fall into the category "state governments, their agencies, and officials" =2. A similar logic should be applied to businesses and associations. Officers of a company or association whose role in the case is as a representative of their company or association should be coded as being a business or association rather than as a natural person. However, employees of a business or a government who are suing their employer should be coded as natural persons. Likewise, employees who are charged with criminal conduct for action that was contrary to the company policies should be considered natural persons.
If the title of a case listed a corporation by name and then listed the names of two individuals that the opinion indicated were top officers of the same corporation as the appellants, then the number of appellants should be coded as three and all three were coded as a business (with the identical detailed code). Similar logic should be applied when government officials or officers of an association were listed by name.
Your specific task is to determine the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives". If the total number cannot be determined (e.g., if the appellant is listed as "Smith, et. al." and the opinion does not specify who is included in the "et.al."), then answer 99.

Opinion:
In re Melvin W. ALEXANDER, Patient.
No. 20366.
United States Court of Appeals District of Columbia Circuit.
Argued Dec. 21, 1966.
Decided Jan. 27, 1967.
Mr. William R. Stratton, Washington, D. C. (appointed by the District Court), for appellant.
Mr. Robert A. Ackerman, Atty., Dept, of Justice, with whom Messrs. David G. Bress, U. S. Atty., Frank Q. Nebeker and William M. Cohen, Asst. U. S. Attys., were on the brief, for appellee.
Before Edgerton, Senior Circuit Judge, and McGowan and Tamm, Circuit Judges.
TAMM, Circuit Judge:
After a jury determination that he was mentally ill and likely to injure himself or others if allowed to go free, appellant was committed to St. Elizabeths Hospital under the District of Columbia Hospitalization of the Mentally 111 Act. He attacks this commitment on two grounds: (1) that the District Court erred in instructing the jury that it could consider a mental defect to be a mental illness under the statute, and (2) that the District Court erred in ordering appellant’s hospitalization at St. Elizabeths in the absence of a showing that he would receive medical and psychiatric treatment there.
Two psychiatrists testified at appellant’s trial, one a staff physician from St. Elizabeths, the other a physician member of the Mental Health Commission. Both of these witnesses testified that appellant had a mental defect and that in addition he suffered behavioral reactions. The diagnosis of appellant was mentally deficient, idiopathic, moderate, with an I.Q. of 49. Testimony was also adduced that appellant has a history of antisocial behavior involving the same type of action which precipitated his present hospitalization. The psychiatrists concluded that appellant was mentally ill within the meaning of the statute and that as a result of such illness, he was likely to injure himself or others if allowed to go free.
Under appellant’s first assignment of error, he argues that to sustain a civil commitment of a mentally defective person, it is not enough to find simply that he is a mental defective, even when such condition is accompanied by danger-productive behavior; rather, appellant argues, there must be evidence in the record that his danger-productive behavior was the result of a mental illness, which illness may exist independently or interdependently with the mental deficiency. Appellant argues that the trial court’s instruction as to what constitutes mental illness under the statute left the jury free to commit appellant as a mental defective who has exhibited danger-productive behavior, without the jury finding that appellant was in fact mentally ill under the statute.
Although the government’s trial counsel argued to the jury and the District Court that a mental defect in and of itself is a mental illness under the statute, the government has apparently abandoned that contention upon appeal, arguing instead that commitment is justified under the statute where a mentally deficient person has a danger-productive mental illness which is related to the mental deficiency and of which the deficiency may be one component. It argues that there is ample evidence in the record to support a conclusion that appellant is suffering from a mental illness within this definition.
We agree with the parties that it is not enough to commit a person under the Act to find that he is mentally deficient, even when such condition is accompanied by some antisocial behavior. To commit a mentally deficient person under the Act, it is necessary for the government to prove by a preponderance of the evidence that the individual involved suffers from a mental illness, whether related or unrelated to the mental deficiency, and that the danger-productive behavior of the individual results from the mental illness.
Although it is true that the psychiatrists in this case were reluctant to label appellant’s illness a psychosis, or in fact to attempt to fit it specifically into any of the various classes of mental illness recognized by the American Psychiatric Association, the thrust of their testimony was that appellant was suffering from a condition which substantially impaired his mental health, that this condition was interrelated with his mental deficiency, and that his antisocial behavior occurred as a result and manifestation of this underlying mental illness. We are satisfied, after a complete review of the record, and after a thorough consideration of appointed-counsel’s well-reasoned arguments, that there was sufficient evidence for the jury to find that, in addition to being mentally deficient, appellant was suffering from a mental illness. To the extent that the District Court’s instruction reflected the government trial counsel’s view that a mental deficiency in and of itself constitutes a mental illness, such instruction was improper and not to be followed. Despite some ambiguity created by the reference to this theory, we believe that the court’s charge, taken in its entirety, made it clear to the jury that many mentally deficient persons get along perfectly well in society and that the jury could not commit appellant simply because of his mental deficiency.
With regard to appellant’s second assignment of error that an individual may not be civilly committed without a showing by the government at trial that he will receive treatment while so committed — we do not believe it is necessary to decide that question here since it is apparent from the record that treatment will be available to appellant at St. Elizabeths. The staff psychiatrist from St. Elizabeths testified that the hospital offered custodial care and a controlled environment and that this would include “treatment, guidance, and therapy.” In addition, there is testimony in the record that appellant’s objectionable behavior did not manifest itself while he was in the hospital. Under these circumstances, we believe that whatever the abstract merits of appellant’s contention may be on this point, the availability of treatment has in fact been demonstrated in the present case. The decision of the District Court is therefore
Affirmed.
. P.L. 88-597, 78 Stat. 944 (1964), revised and codified, P.L. 89-183, 79 Stat. 751 (1965), 21 D.C.Code § 501 et seq., 1961 Ed. (Supp. V. 1966).
Title 21, Section 501, District of Columbia Code, provides in pertinent part:
Definitions.
As used in the chapter:
♦ sH * >}:
“mental illness” means a psychosis or other disease which substantially impairs the mental health of a person; “mentally ill person” means a person who has a mental illness * * *
Title 21, Section 545(b), District of Columbia Code, provides in pertinent part:
(b) If the court or jury, as the case may be, finds that the person is not mentally ill, the court shall dismiss the petition and order his release. If the court or jury finds that the person is mentally ill and, because of that illness, is likely to injure himself or other persons if allowed to remain at liberty, the court may order his hospitalization for an indeterminate period, or order any other alternative course of treatment which the court believes will be in the best interests of the person or the pub-líe»
Title 21, Section 562, District of Columbia Code, provides:
Medical and psychiatric care and treatment; records. A person hospitalized in a public hospital for a mental illness shall, during his hospitalization, be entitled to medical and psychiatric care and treatment. The administrator of each public hospital shall keep records detailing all medical and psychiatric care and treatment received by a person hospitalized for a mental illness and the records shall be made available, upon that person’s written authorization, to his attorney or personal physician. The records shall be preserved by the administrator until the person has been discharged from the hospital.
. This conclusion is more than adequately demonstrated by reference to the legislative history of the Hospitalization of the Mentally 111 Act. The initially proposed definition of mental illness expressly excluded persons who were mentally deficient, but this exclusion was subsequently deleted in response to the overwhelming expert testimony that mental illness and mental deficiency often coexist in an individual and that such persons should not be excluded from the protections of the Act. See, e. g., Hearings on S. 935 Before the Subcommittee on Constitutional Rights of the Senate Committee on the Judiciary, 88th Cong., 1st Sess., 75, 77, 82, 87, 128, 133 (1963).

Question: What is the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives"? Answer with a number.

Choices:

Answer: 0