What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
Note that if an individual is listed by name, but their appearance in the case is as a government official, then they should be counted as a government rather than as a private person. For example, in the case "Billy Jones & Alfredo Ruiz v Joe Smith" where Smith is a state prisoner who brought a civil rights suit against two of the wardens in the prison (Jones & Ruiz), the following values should be coded: number of appellants that fall into the category "natural persons" =0 and number that fall into the category "state governments, their agencies, and officials" =2. A similar logic should be applied to businesses and associations. Officers of a company or association whose role in the case is as a representative of their company or association should be coded as being a business or association rather than as a natural person. However, employees of a business or a government who are suing their employer should be coded as natural persons. Likewise, employees who are charged with criminal conduct for action that was contrary to the company policies should be considered natural persons.
If the title of a case listed a corporation by name and then listed the names of two individuals that the opinion indicated were top officers of the same corporation as the appellants, then the number of appellants should be coded as three and all three were coded as a business (with the identical detailed code). Similar logic should be applied when government officials or officers of an association were listed by name.
Your specific task is to determine the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives". If the total number cannot be determined (e.g., if the appellant is listed as "Smith, et. al." and the opinion does not specify who is included in the "et.al."), then answer 99.

Opinion:
SOUTHERN INDIANA BROADCASTING, LTD., Appellant, v. FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION, Appellee, Posey County Broadcasting Corporation, Intervenor.
No. 90-1492.
United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit.
Argued May 16, 1991.
Decided June 21, 1991.
James A. Kline, IV, with whom Donald J. Evans, Washington, D.C., was on the brief for appellant.
Roberta L. Cook, Counsel, F.C.C., with whom Robert L. Pettit, Gen. Counsel, and Donald M. Armstrong, Associate Gen. Counsel, F.C.C., Washington, D.C., were on the brief for appellee.
Harry C. Martin and Troy F. Tanner, Washington, D.C., entered appearances for intervenor.
Before EDWARDS, BUCKLEY, and RANDOLPH, Circuit Judges.
Opinion for the Court filed by Circuit Judge RANDOLPH.
RANDOLPH, Circuit Judge:
Southern Indiana Broadcasting seeks review of a Federal Communications Commission order granting Posey County Broadcasting Company authority to construct a new FM broadcast station. Southern challenges the AU’s refusal to admit certain deposition testimony and the Commission’s decision that if the AU erred in this respect, the error was harmless. Southern also objects to the AU’s refusal to consider whether Posey violated Commission rules prohibiting ex parte communications with decision-making staff.
When more than one person seeks a construction permit for a new FM station, the Commission chooses among the applicants in light of its goals of providing “the best practicable service to the public” and maximizing “diffusion of control of the media of mass communications.” See Policy Statement on Comparative Broadcast Hearings, 1 F.C.C.2d 393, 394 (1965). The Commission considers it important if an applicant will participate actively in the daily management of the proposed radio station. The Commission will enhance the credit given for such integration of ownership with management if the applicant possesses certain other characteristics, such as broadcast experience, civic participation or minority status. Policy Statement, 1 F.C. C.2d at 396. The Commission also may enhance the credit if the applicant is the licensee of a “daytime-only AM station,” WBEN, Inc. v. United States, 396 F.2d 601, 605-06 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 393 U.S. 914, 89 S.Ct. 238, 21 L.Ed.2d 200 (1968), provided the applicant has spent more than 20 hours each week for the past three years participating in the daily management of the AM station and satisfies four other criteria not relevant here. See National Black Media Coalition v. FCC, 822 F.2d 277, 279-80 (2d Cir.1987).
Much of the dispute in this case centers on the AU’s exclusion of evidence relating to whether Posey should receive enhanced credit for owning and managing AM station WPCO in Mount Vernon. Ann M. Nussel, who owns Posey with her husband, testified during the comparative hearing that she had participated in the day-to-day management of WPCO. To impeach this testimony, Southern sought to introduce into evidence the deposition of Richard Grogg, station manager at WPCO. The ALJ sustained Posey’s hearsay objection to the deposition on the ground that Grogg was not going to testify and therefore would not be available for cross-examination by Posey.
Southern argues that the Grogg deposition was admissible under 47 C.F.R. § 1.321(d)(2). That subsection, when read in conjunction with 47 C.F.R. § 1.321(b), generally tracks the language of Rule 32(a)(2), Fed.R.Civ.P. Rule 32(a)(2) states that at trial, a deposition “so far as admissible under the rules of evidence applied as though the witness were then present and testifying,” may be used against a party if that party was present at the taking of the deposition or had reasonable notice of it. The quoted language represents an exception to the hearsay rule; it means that a party cannot properly object to admission of a deposition on the ground that the deponent is absent and that his out-of-court statement is being introduced. 8 C. Wright & A. Miller, Federal Practice and Procedure § 2143, at 453 (1970). Southern may be correct that section 1.321(d)(2) has the same meaning as Rule 32(a)(2), but the Commission did not resolve that issue. It assumed that section 1.321(d)(2) would have rendered Grogg’s deposition admissible and that Southern had properly relied on this ground although it did not mention the section to the AU (cf. United States v. Peak, 856 F.2d 825, 832-33 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, 488 U.S. 969, 109 S.Ct. 499, 102 L.Ed.2d 535 (1988)). We shall make the same assumptions, which brings us to Southern’s argument against the Commission’s determination that the error, if there was one, was harmless.
On this score Southern makes the rather feeble claim that the deposition was not formally part of the record for decision, that it did not anticipate the Commission’s looking at the deposition (which was part of the official correspondence file), and that the Commission should not have done so. Southern does not say how the Commission could have decided whether the deposition’s exclusion affected the outcome without reviewing the deposition itself. Aside from that, the Commission never passed on the argument Southern makes in this court. Southern could have, but did not, raise the argument in a petition for reconsideration. Yet when a party seeking judicial review “relies on questions of fact or law upon which the Commission ... has been afforded no opportunity to pass, that party must file a petition for reconsideration as “a condition precedent to judicial review.” 47 U.S.C. § 405(a). Although we have treated this as an “exhaustion” requirement, rather than a jurisdictional prerequisite, and have allowed exceptions, Action for Children’s Television v. FCC, 564 F.2d 458, 469 (D.C.Cir.1977), there is no reason to do so here. Had Southern raised its objection on reconsideration, the Commission could have held that the deposition was part of the record since it was in the official correspondence file (47 C.F.R. § 3.318(f)). Cf. National Ass’n for Better Broadcasting v. FCC, 830 F.2d 270, 274 (D.C.Cir.1987). Or it could have responded to Southern’s argument by supplementing the formal record with the deposition, as Southern had asked the AU to do. See 47 C.F.R. § 1.203. In either event, on a petition for reconsideration the Commission might have satisfied Southern’s problem; at the least, the Commission would have had an opportúnity to respond. 830 F.2d at 274 & n. 30. Southern’s failure to comply with 47 U.S.C. § 405(a) therefore forecloses judicial review of this question of law.
Southern’s remaining claim is that the AU should have determined whether Po-sey improperly initiated ex parte communications with the Commission, or solicited and encouraged others to do so on its behalf (see 47 C.F.R. §§ 1.1202, 1.1208 & 1.1210). Southern did not assert this claim before the Commission and it is therefore not properly before us for review. Rogers Radio Communications Services v. FCC, 751 F.2d 408, 413 n. 14 (D.C.Cir.1985).
The petition for review therefore is denied.

Question: What is the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives"? Answer with a number.

Choices:

Answer: 1