What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
Note that if an individual is listed by name, but their appearance in the case is as a government official, then they should be counted as a government rather than as a private person. For example, in the case "Billy Jones & Alfredo Ruiz v Joe Smith" where Smith is a state prisoner who brought a civil rights suit against two of the wardens in the prison (Jones & Ruiz), the following values should be coded: number of appellants that fall into the category "natural persons" =0 and number that fall into the category "state governments, their agencies, and officials" =2. A similar logic should be applied to businesses and associations. Officers of a company or association whose role in the case is as a representative of their company or association should be coded as being a business or association rather than as a natural person. However, employees of a business or a government who are suing their employer should be coded as natural persons. Likewise, employees who are charged with criminal conduct for action that was contrary to the company policies should be considered natural persons.
If the title of a case listed a corporation by name and then listed the names of two individuals that the opinion indicated were top officers of the same corporation as the appellants, then the number of appellants should be coded as three and all three were coded as a business (with the identical detailed code). Similar logic should be applied when government officials or officers of an association were listed by name.
Your specific task is to determine the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives". If the total number cannot be determined (e.g., if the appellant is listed as "Smith, et. al." and the opinion does not specify who is included in the "et.al."), then answer 99.

Opinion:
The MIHALEK CORPORATION and Lawrence Patrick Mihalek, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. The STATE OF MICHIGAN, Governor James J. Blanchard, the Dept. of Commerce of the State of Michigan, Ralph J. Gerson, Director, Ross Roy, Inc., Defendants-Appellees.
Nos. 84-1851, 84-1854, 85-1593 and 84-1986.
United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit.
June 8, 1987.
Before MERRITT, WELLFORD, and NORRIS, Circuit Judges.
ORDER
We filed an opinion in this cause on March 18,1987, 814 F.2d 290, affirming the decision of the district court and denying plaintiffs the relief sought for alleged misappropriation of their copyrighted and trademark materials and ideas in the advertising plan in controversy. The petition for rehearing asserts that we failed to reach two issues in our prior opinion. First, the misappropriation claim included the contention that defendants, through governmental and state action, had taken their property without compensation within the meaning of the fifth amendment. Our opinion does not specifically mention the fifth amendment claim. It is clear, however, that our holding was to the effect that as a matter of law there was no “taking” of plaintiffs’ materials and concepts and those utilized by defendants. We found no error in the district court’s conclusion that defendants had not used, appropriated, or benefitted from plaintiffs’ property in the form of ideas, materials, or advertising concepts. There was, then, no violation of plaintiffs’ claimed fifth amendment rights.
Plaintiffs also assert that we failed to address their claims of “direct photocopying by defendants” of “copyrighted advertising program plan at the direction of two of the highest officials in the Michigan Department of Commerce.” This contention involves the statement made in (plaintiffs’ brief that two state officials had kept two photocopies of some of the copyrighted material. This photocopying was assertedly discovered during plaintiffs’ Michigan Freedom of Information Act investigation following selection by defendants of another advertising program.
It is not clear whether defendants asserted “fair use” as an affirmative defense in this case, nor whether there may have been a technical, although possibly de minimis non curat lex violation of 17 U.S.C. § 106 in the alleged retention of photocopies by two state officials. This question was not specifically addressed by the district court in his decision nor does it appear that this failure to address this issue was called to his attention by the parties. We believe it is best for the district court in the first instance to address this contention. We therefore REMAND the question of alleged photocopying by state officials and whether, if it occurred, this constituted a violation of plaintiffs’ claimed rights in any respect in light of the record made by the parties.

Question: What is the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives"? Answer with a number.

Choices:

Answer: 1