What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
Note that if an individual is listed by name, but their appearance in the case is as a government official, then they should be counted as a government rather than as a private person. For example, in the case "Billy Jones & Alfredo Ruiz v Joe Smith" where Smith is a state prisoner who brought a civil rights suit against two of the wardens in the prison (Jones & Ruiz), the following values should be coded: number of appellants that fall into the category "natural persons" =0 and number that fall into the category "state governments, their agencies, and officials" =2. A similar logic should be applied to businesses and associations. Officers of a company or association whose role in the case is as a representative of their company or association should be coded as being a business or association rather than as a natural person. However, employees of a business or a government who are suing their employer should be coded as natural persons. Likewise, employees who are charged with criminal conduct for action that was contrary to the company policies should be considered natural persons.
If the title of a case listed a corporation by name and then listed the names of two individuals that the opinion indicated were top officers of the same corporation as the appellants, then the number of appellants should be coded as three and all three were coded as a business (with the identical detailed code). Similar logic should be applied when government officials or officers of an association were listed by name.
Your specific task is to determine the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives". If the total number cannot be determined (e.g., if the appellant is listed as "Smith, et. al." and the opinion does not specify who is included in the "et.al."), then answer 99.

Opinion:
Peter HOLZ, Petitioner, v. IMMIGRATION AND NATURALIZATION SERVICE, Respondent.
No. 17657.
United States Court of Appeals Ninth Circuit.
Nov. 1, 1962.
David C. Marcus, Los Angeles, Cal., for appellant.
Francis C. Whelan, U. S. Atty., Donald A. Fareed, Asst. U. S. Atty., Chief, Civil Section, James R. Dooley, Asst. U. S. Atty., and Dzintra I. Janavs, Los An-geles, Cal., for appellee.
Before BARNES and HAMLIN, Circuit Judges, and PLUMMER, District Judge.
Under the new statute (Public Law 87-301, 75 Stat. 651, 8 U.S.C. § 1105a (a) (3)) actions of this type must be brought against the Immigration and Naturalization Service as Respondent. We have, therefore, changed the title of proceedings in this Oourt from “Peter IIolz, Petitioner v. George Rosenberg, District Director, Immigration and Naturalization, etc., et al., Respondents” to “Peter Holz, Petitioner v. Immigration and Naturalization Service, Respondent”.
BARNES, Circuit Judge.
This is a petition for judicial review of the Immigration and Naturalization Service’s (hereinafter referred to as “respondent”) denial of an application for stay of deportation made by Peter Holz (hereinafter referred to as “petitioner”) under Section 243(h) of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 (hereinafter referred to as the “Act”), 8 U.S.C. § 1253(h). The petition had originally been filed in the district court, and it was transferred to this court by an order of the district court pursuant to § 5(b) of Public Law 87-301 (75 Stat. 651, 8 U.S.C.A. § 1105a(a)).
There is no issue relating to the finality of respondent’s order of deportation, nor is there an issue relating to the validity of the order. Holz v. Del Guercio, 9 Cir., 1958, 259 F.2d 84. Nor is this a habeas corpus proceeding.
Thus, the issue here presented is whether respondent abused its discretion in denying petitioner’s application for stay of deportation under § 243(h) of the Act. Does this court have jurisdiction to hear petitioner?
This court has held that it has jurisdiction to determine if the Attorney General has given an alien procedural due process if the Attorney General purports to act under § 243(h). Cakmar v. Hoy, 1959, 265 F.2d 59, 62. But it also seems clear that the Attorney General’s decision on an application for stay of deportation under § 243(h) is not an administrative proceeding under § 242(b) of the Act. Ibid.
Here the Attorney General acted under § 243(h), but this is not a proceeding under § 242(b). Thus, the question is: Though this court has jurisdiction to determine whether an alien was afforded procedural due process when the Attorney General acts as he did here, does this court have original jurisdiction or merely appellate jurisdiction ? By transferring the petition to this court, the district court apparently was of the opinion that this court had original jurisdiction. There is, however, no indication that this question was brought specifically to the attention of the district court.
The pertinent language in § 1105a, as amended by Public Law 87-301 reads:
“ (a) The procedure prescribed by, and all the provisions of sections 1031-1042 of Title 5, shall apply to, and shall be the sole and exclusive procedure for, the judicial review of all final orders of deportation heretofore or hereafter made against aliens within the United States pursuant to administrative proceedings under section 1252(b) of this title or comparable provisions of any prior Act, * * *”
and:
“(c) * * * No petition for review or for habeas corpus shall be entertained if the validity of the order has been previously determined in any civil or criminal proceeding, unless the petition presents grounds which the court finds could not have been presented in such prior proceeding, or the court finds that the remedy provided by such prior proceeding was inadequate or ineffective to test the validity of the order.”
This language states that the procedures set forth in Public Law 87-301 apply only to the judicial review of final orders of deportation issued pursuant to § 242(b) of the Act.
It might well be argued from the legislative history of Public Law 87-301 (87th Cong., 1st Sess., 1961, U.S.Cong. & Adm. News, pp. 2966-2970), that the purpose of the Law was “to create a single, separate, statutory form of judicial review of administrative orders for the deportation and exclusion of aliens” and, therefore, this court should assume original jurisdiction of cases such as that which is presently before us. On the other hand, the legislative history refers to judicial review of orders of deportation; not to the judicial review of the entirely different administrative act contained in § 243(h).
Perhaps Congress would be pleased if this court were to assume jurisdiction in the case at bar. But ours is a court of limited jurisdiction. Congress would not be pleased if this court assumed that which had never been granted. We hold, therefore, that we are required to dismiss the petition on the ground that this court is without jurisdiction. Giova v. Rosenberg, 308 F.2d 347 (9th Cir., decided June 15, 1962, rehearing denied, October 23, 1962), and Mai Kai Fong v. Immigration and Naturalization Service, 9 Cir. 1962, 305 F.2d 239. We must await a clear statement from ■ Congress if it desires this court to hear petitions brought solely under § 243(h) of the Act; i. e., to hear petitions such as that here presented under the procedures set forth in Public Law 87-301 when there are no grounds for this court to exercise ancillary jurisdiction. We disagree, in other words, with the holding of the Seventh Circuit in Blagaic v. Flagg, 1962, 304 F.2d 623, and Roumeliotis v. Immigration and Naturalization Service, 1962, 304 F.2d 453, and agree with Zupicich v. Esperdy, S.D.N.Y.1962, 207 F.Supp. 574, and Foti v. Immigration and Naturalization Service, 2 Cir., 308 F.2d 779.
But were we to assume this court has jurisdiction, we would reach an equivalent result on the merits. This is because the facts as set forth by petitioner show that respondent has ordered him to be deported to (West) Germany and, because he is a native of Rumania, he fears the German government might, in turn, send him to Rumania. And, contends petitioner, if he is sent to Rumania he will be subjected to physical persecution because of his personal anti-Communistic history. If he were sent to Rumania, petitioner probably would be subjected to physical persecution. But there is no evidence that Germany would send him to Rumania.
Petitioner does not fear physical persecution in Germany. Indeed, he had learned his trade there, has been issued a certificate of German citizenship, and was issued a German passport by the German Consulate at Los Angeles on December 4, 1958.
We conclude that the record shows that petitioner was given a fair— and complete — hearing. As was stated by this court in Kalatjis v. Rosenberg, 1962, 305 F.2d 249:
“The discretionary powers established by the legislative branch of our government have been duly and properly exercised by those entrusted by law to so exercise them. No power rests in us to interfere, nor can we substitute our discretion for that of the Attorney General, or his lawful delegate.” (atp. 253.)
But for the reason hereinbefore stated, the petition is dismissed.
. This court there affirmed respondent’s final order of deportation. To understand fully the facts of this case, the earlier decision of this court should he read; the facts there set forth are not here reiterated.
. Petitioner’s speculation on the future course of conduct of foreign governments —while not to the same degree of acidity —has a flavor similar to the petitioner’s fears in Cakmar v. Hoy, 9 Cir., 265 F.2d 59.
. The certificate is dated February 8, 1954. However, petitioner contends that he is no longer a German citizen, alleging that his certificate of German citizenship expired on February 9, 1959. It must be noted, however, that counsel for petitioner stated at the bearing that he was going to obtain information from the German Embassy in Washington showing that petitioner was no longer considered a German citizen. Respondent’s Special Inquiry Officer gave petitioner’s counsel sixty days to obtain the information; no such information was ever submitted to respondent.

Question: What is the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives"? Answer with a number.

Choices:

Answer: 0