What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
Note that if an individual is listed by name, but their appearance in the case is as a government official, then they should be counted as a government rather than as a private person. For example, in the case "Billy Jones & Alfredo Ruiz v Joe Smith" where Smith is a state prisoner who brought a civil rights suit against two of the wardens in the prison (Jones & Ruiz), the following values should be coded: number of appellants that fall into the category "natural persons" =0 and number that fall into the category "state governments, their agencies, and officials" =2. A similar logic should be applied to businesses and associations. Officers of a company or association whose role in the case is as a representative of their company or association should be coded as being a business or association rather than as a natural person. However, employees of a business or a government who are suing their employer should be coded as natural persons. Likewise, employees who are charged with criminal conduct for action that was contrary to the company policies should be considered natural persons.
If the title of a case listed a corporation by name and then listed the names of two individuals that the opinion indicated were top officers of the same corporation as the appellants, then the number of appellants should be coded as three and all three were coded as a business (with the identical detailed code). Similar logic should be applied when government officials or officers of an association were listed by name.
Your specific task is to determine the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives". If the total number cannot be determined (e.g., if the appellant is listed as "Smith, et. al." and the opinion does not specify who is included in the "et.al."), then answer 99.

Opinion:
UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Leroy GEORGE, Defendant-Appellant.
No. 90-10425.
United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.
Argued and Submitted Dec. 9, 1991.
Decided March 24, 1992.
David G. Alvarez, Asst. Federal Public Defender, Phoenix, Ariz., for defendant-appellant.
Darcy A. Cerow, Asst. U.S. Atty., Phoenix, Ariz., for plaintiff-appellee.
Before NORRIS, BEEZER and LEAYY, Circuit Judges.
WILLIAM A. NORRIS, Circuit Judge:
Leroy George appeals his conviction on three counts of sexual abuse. He contends that the admission of hearsay statements made by the victim to her examining physician and to a Navajo tribal investigator violated his rights under the Confrontation Clause of the Sixth Amendment. George also contends that the government improperly used impeachment testimony as substantive evidence against him and that the district court abused its discretion in denying his motion for a new trial. We affirm.
I
The indictment charged George with causing his 12-year-old stepdaughter to have sexual intercourse with him on three separate occasions in 1988. In her testimony, the victim identified George as her attacker and described the sexual attacks. She testified to the approximate date of the acts alleged in count III of the indictment. However, she was not able to recall the approximate dates of the acts alleged in counts I and II.
Dr. Ortiz-Pino examined the victim on February 22, 1989, approximately five months after the date of the last attack as alleged in the indictment. Over George’s objections, the trial court allowed Dr. Ortiz-Pino to testify to a hearsay statement identifying George as the assailant, which the victim made during the course of Dr. Ortiz-Pino’s examination of her. On February 28, 1989, investigator Akeah interviewed the victim. Over George’s objections, the trial court allowed Akeah to testify to the victim’s hearsay statements specifying the dates of the acts alleged in counts I and II.
After George’s conviction, the victim recanted her testimony against him and George moved for a new trial, which was denied after an evidentiary hearing. Appellant was sentenced to a term of 264 months and this appeal followed.
II
George contends that the admission of hearsay testimony from Dr. Ortiz-Pino and investigator Akeah violated his rights under the Confrontation Clause. Alleged violations of the Confrontation Clause are reviewed de novo. United States v. Jenkins, 884 F.2d 433, 435 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 1005, 110 S.Ct. 568, 107 L.Ed.2d 562 (1989).
The hearsay rule and the Confrontation Clause are not coextensive. Idaho v. Wright, 497 U.S. 805, 110 S.Ct. 3139, 3146, 111 L.Ed.2d 638 (1990). Hearsay testimony is barred by the Confrontation Clause in criminal cases unless, inter alia, it has “adequate indicia of reliability.” Id. (quoting Ohio v. Roberts, 448 U.S. 56, 66, 100 S.Ct. 2531, 2539, 65 L.Ed.2d 597 (1980)). The reliability requirement is satisfied if the statement falls within a “firmly rooted hearsay exception” or if it is supported by “particularized guarantees of trustworthiness.” Id. at 3147.
A
The trial court admitted Dr. Ortiz-Pino’s hearsay testimony pursuant to the hearsay rule’s medical examination exception, which permits hearsay testimony regarding:
Statements made for purposes of medical diagnosis or treatment and describing medical history, or past or present symptoms, pain, or sensations, or the inception or general character of the cause or external source thereof insofar as reasonably pertinent to diagnosis or treatment.
Fed.R.Evid. 803(4). The medical examination exception is a firmly rooted hearsay exception. White v. Illinois, — U.S. -, - n. 8, 112 S.Ct. 736, 742 n. 8, 116 L.Ed.2d 848 (1992); Wright, 110 S.Ct. at 3149. When hearsay testimony is properly admitted pursuant to this exception, no further guarantees of trustworthiness are required. Wright, 110 S.Ct. at 3147; Roberts, 448 U.S. at 66, 100 S.Ct. at 2539.
George contends that statements identifying an assailant do not fall within the medical examination exception. The advisory committee notes to Rule 803(4) observe that statements of fault will not ordinarily be admissible under the exception. However, other circuits have held that statements by a victim identifying her sexual abuser are admissible under the medical examination exception. See, e.g., Morgan v. Foretich, 846 F.2d 941, 948-50 (4th Cir.1988); United States v. Renville, 779 F.2d 430, 435-39 (8th Cir.1985). The critical inquiry is whether such statements are “made for purposes of medical diagnosis or treatment” and are “reasonably pertinent to diagnosis or treatment.” Fed. R.Evid. 803(4).
Sexual abuse involves more than physical injury; the physician must be attentive to treating the victim’s emotional and psychological injuries, the exact nature and extent of which often depend on the identity of the abuser. Renville, 779 F.2d at 437. Furthermore, depending upon the nature of the sexual abuse, the identity of the abuser may be pertinent to the diagnosis and treatment of sexually transmitted diseases. Dr. Ortiz-Pino testified that she asked about the assailant’s identity for the purpose of diagnosing and treating the victim. We hold, therefore, that the district court did not abuse its discretion in admitting Dr. Ortiz-Pino’s hearsay testimony pursuant to Fed.R.Evid. 803(4) and that George’s rights under the Confrontation Clause were not violated.
That the victim in this case was a 12-year-old child does not change our analysis. Focusing on the personal characteristics of the victim is inconsistent with the categorical approach to “firmly rooted” hearsay exceptions adopted by the Supreme Court. See Wright, 110 S.Ct. at 3147 (reliability requirement satisfied if statement falls within “firmly rooted” hearsay exception). For hearsay statements to be admissible under Rule 803(4), the district court need only determine that they were “made for purposes of medical diagnosis or treatment” and were “reasonably pertinent to diagnosis or treatment.” Fed.R.Evid. 803(4). As a general matter, the age of the child and her other personal characteristics go to the weight of the hearsay statements rather than their admissibility.
George’s reliance on Idaho v. Wright, 497 U.S. 805, 110 S.Ct. 3139, 111 L.Ed.2d 638 (1990), is misplaced. Although Wright involved statements from an abused child to a doctor, those statements were admitted pursuant to Idaho’s residual hearsay exception rather than a “firmly rooted” exception. Id. at 3147-48. The Court’s opinion was confined to what the Confrontation Clause requires when hearsay statements are admitted under an exception that is not “firmly rooted.” It did not purport to address the scope of the medical examination exception. Since neither the Court’s opinion nor the opinion of the Supreme Court of Idaho, State v. Wright, 116 Idaho 382, 775 P.2d 1224 (1989), reveals whether the statements would have been admissible under a medical examination exception, we will not read into the Supreme Court’s opinion any judgment regarding the admissibility of statement by a victim identifying her sexual abuser under Fed.R.Evid. 803(4).
B
We turn next to the hearsay testimony of investigator Akeah regarding the dates of the acts charged in counts I and II. The trial court admitted Akeah’s testimony pursuant to the residual hearsay exception. Fed.R.Evid. 803(24). Because the residual exception is not a “firmly rooted” hearsay exception, the Confrontation Clause requires that Akeah’s testimony be supported by “particularized guarantees of trustworthiness.” Wright, 110 S.Ct. at 3147. When the district court has failed to make particularized findings, the appellate court may review the record to determine if such guarantees exist. See id. at 3152 (reviewing record).
The Supreme Court has “decline[d] to endorse a mechanical test for determining ‘particularized guarantees of trustworthiness.’ ” Id. at 3150. “[Cjourts have considerable leeway in their consideration of appropriate factors.” Id. Here, we find that three guarantees of trustworthiness exist. First, there was no motive for the victim to lie about the dates of the attacks. See id. (citing this factor). If the victim had a motive to fabricate any part of her story, it would not have been the dates. Second, the victim referred to the dates by days of the week and months as would be expected of a child her age. See id. (citing this factor). Third, there was no evidence that Akeah used leading questions. We hold that the victim’s statements to Akeah about the dates of the acts alleged in counts I and II possessed guarantees of trustworthiness sufficient to satisfy the Confrontation Clause.
Ill
George also contends that Akeah’s testimony regarding the dates in counts I and II was impermissible impeachment of the victim’s testimony. Impeachment testimony may not be used to present substantive evidence that would otherwise be inadmissible. United States v. Crouch, 731 F.2d 621, 623 (9th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1105, 105 S.Ct. 778, 83 L.Ed.2d 773 (1985). However, Akeah’s testimony was admissible as substantive evidence pursuant to Fed.R.Evid. 803(24). Moreover, Akeah’s testimony was explicitly used to supplement the victim’s testimony rather than to impeach it. In short, there is nothing in the record to support George’s argument that the government was making improper use of impeachment testimony.
IV
Finally, George argues that the trial court erred in denying his motion for a new trial. We review the decision not to grant a new trial for abuse of discretion. United States v. Citro, 842 F.2d 1149, 1152 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 488 U.S. 866, 109 S.Ct. 170, 102 L.Ed.2d 140 (1988).
George’s motion was based on the victim’s recantation of her testimony several months after the trial when she had returned to live with her mother. The victim had previously told the court that her mother had instructed her to lie when she testified at trial. On July 3,1990, the court held an evidentiary hearing after which it found that the victim was subject to influence and manipulation by others, including members of her immediate family. We hold that the district court did not abuse its discretion in denying the motion for a new trial on the ground that the recantation was not credible.
AFFIRMED.
. If the victim is a child, the physician may also have an obligation under state law to prevent the child from being returned to an environment in which she cannot be adequately protected from abuse. Renville, 779 F.2d at 438.
. Although we think it proper to consider whether leading questions were used, we recognize that the use of leading questions does not necessarily render responses untrustworthy. Id. at 3148 (citing J. Myers, Child Witness Law and Practice § 4.6, pp. 129-34 (1987)).

Question: What is the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives"? Answer with a number.

Choices:

Answer: 0