What follows is an opinion from the Supreme Court of the United States. Your task is to identify the federal agency involved in the administrative action that occurred prior to the onset of litigation. If the administrative action occurred in a state agency, respond "State Agency". Do not code the name of the state. The administrative activity may involve an administrative official as well as that of an agency. If two federal agencies are mentioned, consider the one whose action more directly bears on the dispute;otherwise the agency that acted more recently. If a state and federal agency are mentioned, consider the federal agency. Pay particular attention to the material which appears in the summary of the case preceding the Court's opinion and, if necessary, those portions of the prevailing opinion headed by a I or II. Action by an agency official is considered to be administrative action except when such an official acts to enforce criminal law. If an agency or agency official "denies" a "request" that action be taken, such denials are considered agency action. Exclude: a "challenge" to an unapplied agency rule, regulation, etc.; a request for an injunction or a declaratory judgment against agency action which, though anticipated, has not yet occurred; a mere request for an agency to take action when there is no evidence that the agency did so; agency or official action to enforce criminal law; the hiring and firing of political appointees or the procedures whereby public officials are appointed to office; attorney general preclearance actions pertaining to voting; filing fees or nominating petitions required for access to the ballot; actions of courts martial; land condemnation suits and quiet title actions instituted in a court; and federally funded private nonprofit organizations.

Opinion:
UNITED STATES v. 93.970 ACRES OF LAND et al.
No. 573.
Argued May 21, 1959.—
Decided June 22, 1959.
Ralph S. Spritzer; argued the cause for the United States. On the brief were Solicitor General Rankin, Assistant Attorney .General Morton, Roger P: Marquis and S. Billingsley Hill.
Leonard R. Hartenfeld argued the cause for respondent. With him on the brief was J. Herzl Segal.
Mr. Justice Black
delivered the opinion of the Court.
The basic question presented in this case is whether the United States can have adjudicated under one complaint (1) the claim by a third person of a valuable possessory interest in government property and (2) condemnation and value of that interest, if any. In 1947 the United States leased an airfield to respondent Illinois Aircraft Services & Sales Co. The preamble to the lease stated that because of the strategic value of the field the Government considered it essential to retain it “in a stand-by status for post-war use in connection with Naval Aviation activities . . . One paragraph of the lease provided:
“It is understood and agreed-that this lease will at all times be revocable at will'by the Government upon presentation of notice of cancellation to the Lessee, in writing, sixty (60) days prior to such termination, ... in event of a national emergency and a decision by the Secretary of the Navy that such revocation is essential.”
In 1954 the Army wanted to use the property for an aerial defense missile (NIKE) site. Timely notice of revocation was delivered to respondent under the signatures of the Secretaries of the Army and Navy, stating that a national emergency declared'by the President in 1950 was still in effect and that' both Secretaries deemed revocation of the lease essential.- Respondent declined to leave the land, claiming that the Government had gone beyond the authority granted by the lease in attempting to revoke it for use by the Army rather than in connection with Naval Aviation activities mentioned in the preamble to the lease.
In order to obtain possession and use of the land as soon as possible-^and without waiting to try out the validity of the prior revocation in a separate action or actions — the Government filed a complaint to condemn whatever possessory interest respondent might be adjudicated to have. Although the Government’s complaint alleged that it had revoked the lease and, in effect, .that respondent had no compensable interest1 in the property taken, the District Court ruled that by suing for condemnation the United States had “elected” to abandon its prior revocation. On this basis the court.found that respondent had a compensable interest and let a jury determine its value. Under instructions that the lease was revocable only if needed for “aviation purposes” and that a NIKE site was not such a purpose, the jury returned a $25,000 verdict for respondents. On appeal the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit affirmed this verdict by a divided court. 258 F. 2d 17. It held (1) that the doctrine of “election of remedies” applied and barred consideration of the revocation whether state or federal law governed and (2) that the lease could only be validly revoked under its terms if the ■ Government planned to use the land for “aviation purposes.” To review the severe restrictions the court’s holding places on the ability of the United States to get, quickly, land it may need for government purposes, .we granted certiorari. 358 U. S. 945.
We cannot agree that the lease permitted revocation only if the Government wanted the land for “aviation purposes.” It- is true that the preamble to the agreement states that the airfield was leased, rather than sold, because it was needed in stand-by status for naval aviation activities. It is also true that immediately following the preamble there is a statement, common in many contracts,’ that “Now Therefore, in consideration of the foregoing, and of the covenants hereinafter mentioned, the Government” leases the airport. There is no indication, however, either in the lease itself or as far as we have been shown in :the history of the agreement, that this preamble and the formal legal statement immediately, following it meant to limit the express and unequivocal clause of the lease allowing revocation at the will of the. Secretary of the Navy in the event of a national emergency. Instead the preamble can be easily understood; in view of the Surplus Property Act of 1944, which required all surplus property to be disposed of, as a mere statement of why the property was not considered surplus. In. addition the statute which authorized the airport lease provided that such leases shall be revocable “at any time, unless the Secretary shall determine that the omission of such provision from the lease will promote the national defense or will be in the public interest. In any event each such lease shall be revocable by the Secretary . . . during a national emergency declared by the President.” Under the circumstances, we cannot and will not assume that an explicit revocation clause in the lease means any less than it seems to mean. We therefore hold that the revocation was valid and effective.
It follows necessarily from this that application of the doctrine of “election of remedies” would put the Government in an impossible situation. For under the'doctrine, the Government must choose either to abandon its power to revoke the leasg or to give up its right to immediate possession under condemnation law, a right which is not. here questioned. We see no reason either in justice Or authority why such a Hobson’s choice should'be imposed and why the Government should be forced t.o pay for property which it rightfully owns merely because it attempted to avoid delays which the applicable laws seek to prevent. Such a strict rule against combining different causes of action would certainly be out of harmony with modern legislation and rules designed to make trials as efficient, expeditious and inexpensive as fairness will permit.
Respondents argue, however, that election of remedies is part of the law of Illinois and that Illinois law applies here. We cannot agree with this view. Condemnation involves essential governmental functions. See Kohl v. United States, 91 U. S. 367. We have often held that where essential interests of the Federal Government are concerned, federal law rules unless Congress chooses to make' state laws applicable. It is- apparent that no such choice has been made here.
The judgment of the Court of Appeals is
Reversed.,
The preamble reads:
“Whereas, because of its strategic value, it is considered essential that the said airfield and the facilities thereon, comprising the said United States Naval Outlying Airfield, be retained in a stand-by status for post-war use in connection with Naval Aviation activities; and
“Whereas, the use of the airfield and facilities- by the Lessee . . . will in no wise be detrimental to the present activities of the Navy Department, but is on the contrary deemed to be in the'best interest of the Government.”
The decision of the court below is also'in apparent conflict with United States v. San Geronimo Dev. Co., 154 F. 2d 78 (C. A. 1st Cir.), and United States v. Turner, 175 F. 2d 644 (C. A. 5th Cir.).
58 Stat. 767-770, 777, as amended, 50 U. S. C. App. (1946 ed.) §§ 1612 (e), 1613, 1620, 1632.
61 Stat. 774, 34 U. S. C. § 522a. The current version of this statute is found in 10 U. S. C. (Supp. V) § 2667. We assume without deciding that this statute is applicable although an argument can be made for the applicability of a prior statute. That law provided that leases must be “revocable at any time.” 39 Stat. 559, 34 U. S. C. (1946 ed.) § 522.
Cf. Conley v. Gibson, 355 U. S. 41, 48. See also Fed. Rules Civ. Proc., 1, 2, 18.
See, e. g., Kohl v. United States, 91 U. S. 367, 374; United States v. Miller, 317 U. S. 369, 380; Clearfield Trust Co. v. United States, 318 U. S. 363; Bank of America Nat. T. & S. Assn. v. Parnell, 352 U. S. 29.
Respondents rely on 26 Stat. 316, as amended, 50 U. S. C. § 171, which provided that condemnation’ proceedings like the one here involved were “to be prosecutéd in accordance with the laws relating to suits for the condemnation of property of the States wherein the proceedings may be instituted.” But it is settled that this language required conformity in procedural matters only. See United States v. Miller, 317 U. S. 369, 379-380 (citing 25 Stat. 94); Kanakanui v. United States, 244 F. 923; Nebraska v. United States, 164 F. 2d 866, affirming United States v. 19,573.59 Acres of Land, 70 F. Supp. 610. And insofar as it required such procedural conformity it was clearly repealed by Rule 71A, Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, at the time this suit was brought. It follows that federal law was wholly applicable to this case. In reaching this conclusion we express no opinion on the possible effect on other cases of the re-enactment of this conformity- clause in 70A Stat. 148, 10 U. S. C. (Supp. V) § 2663 (a) (1956), or its subsequent repeal, retroactive to the time of re-enactment, by the Act of September 2, 1958. 72 Stat. 1565, 1568.

Question: What is the agency involved in the administrative action?

Choices:
Army and Air Force Exchange Service
Atomic Energy Commission
Secretary or administrative unit or personnel of the U.S. Air Force
Department or Secretary of Agriculture
Alien Property Custodian
Secretary or administrative unit or personnel of the U.S. Army
Board of Immigration Appeals
Bureau of Indian Affairs
Bureau of Prisons
Bonneville Power Administration
Benefits Review Board
Civil Aeronautics Board
Bureau of the Census
Central Intelligence Agency
Commodity Futures Trading Commission
Department or Secretary of Commerce
Comptroller of Currency
Consumer Product Safety Commission
Civil Rights Commission
Civil Service Commission, U.S.
Customs Service or Commissioner or Collector of Customs
Defense Base Closure and REalignment Commission
Drug Enforcement Agency
Department or Secretary of Defense (and Department or Secretary of War)
Department or Secretary of Energy
Department or Secretary of the Interior
Department of Justice or Attorney General
Department or Secretary of State
Department or Secretary of Transportation
Department or Secretary of Education
U.S. Employees' Compensation Commission, or Commissioner
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
Environmental Protection Agency or Administrator
Federal Aviation Agency or Administration
Federal Bureau of Investigation or Director
Federal Bureau of Prisons
Farm Credit Administration
Federal Communications Commission (including a predecessor, Federal Radio Commission)
Federal Credit Union Administration
Food and Drug Administration
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
Federal Energy Administration
Federal Election Commission
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
Federal Housing Administration
Federal Home Loan Bank Board
Federal Labor Relations Authority
Federal Maritime Board
Federal Maritime Commission
Farmers Home Administration
Federal Parole Board
Federal Power Commission
Federal Railroad Administration
Federal Reserve Board of Governors
Federal Reserve System
Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation
Federal Trade Commission
Federal Works Administration, or Administrator
General Accounting Office
Comptroller General
General Services Administration
Department or Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare
Department or Secretary of Health and Human Services
Department or Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
Administrative agency established under an interstate compact (except for the MTC)
Interstate Commerce Commission
Indian Claims Commission
Immigration and Naturalization Service, or Director of, or District Director of, or Immigration and Naturalization Enforcement
Internal Revenue Service, Collector, Commissioner, or District Director of
Information Security Oversight Office
Department or Secretary of Labor
Loyalty Review Board
Legal Services Corporation
Merit Systems Protection Board
Multistate Tax Commission
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Secretary or administrative unit or personnel of the U.S. Navy
National Credit Union Administration
National Endowment for the Arts
National Enforcement Commission
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
National Labor Relations Board, or regional office or officer
National Mediation Board
National Railroad Adjustment Board
Nuclear Regulatory Commission
National Security Agency
Office of Economic Opportunity
Office of Management and Budget
Office of Price Administration, or Price Administrator
Office of Personnel Management
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission
Office of Workers' Compensation Programs
Patent Office, or Commissioner of, or Board of Appeals of
Pay Board (established under the Economic Stabilization Act of 1970)
Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation
U.S. Public Health Service
Postal Rate Commission
Provider Reimbursement Review Board
Renegotiation Board
Railroad Adjustment Board
Railroad Retirement Board
Subversive Activities Control Board
Small Business Administration
Securities and Exchange Commission
Social Security Administration or Commissioner
Selective Service System
Department or Secretary of the Treasury
Tennessee Valley Authority
United States Forest Service
United States Parole Commission
Postal Service and Post Office, or Postmaster General, or Postmaster
United States Sentencing Commission
Veterans' Administration or Board of Veterans' Appeals
War Production Board
Wage Stabilization Board
State Agency
Unidentifiable
Office of Thrift Supervision
Department of Homeland Security
Board of General Appraisers
Board of Tax Appeals
General Land Office or Commissioners
NO Admin Action
Processing Tax Board of Review

Answer: 23