What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
Note that if an individual is listed by name, but their appearance in the case is as a government official, then they should be counted as a government rather than as a private person. For example, in the case "Billy Jones & Alfredo Ruiz v Joe Smith" where Smith is a state prisoner who brought a civil rights suit against two of the wardens in the prison (Jones & Ruiz), the following values should be coded: number of appellants that fall into the category "natural persons" =0 and number that fall into the category "state governments, their agencies, and officials" =2. A similar logic should be applied to businesses and associations. Officers of a company or association whose role in the case is as a representative of their company or association should be coded as being a business or association rather than as a natural person. However, employees of a business or a government who are suing their employer should be coded as natural persons. Likewise, employees who are charged with criminal conduct for action that was contrary to the company policies should be considered natural persons.
If the title of a case listed a corporation by name and then listed the names of two individuals that the opinion indicated were top officers of the same corporation as the appellants, then the number of appellants should be coded as three and all three were coded as a business (with the identical detailed code). Similar logic should be applied when government officials or officers of an association were listed by name.
Your specific task is to determine the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives". If the total number cannot be determined (e.g., if the appellant is listed as "Smith, et. al." and the opinion does not specify who is included in the "et.al."), then answer 99.

Opinion:
SOUTHERN TRANSP. CO. v. ASHFORD.
No. 6071.
Circuit Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit.
April 1, 1931.
D. A. Frank, of Dallas, Tex., John B. Files, of Shreveport, La., and W. P. Bondies, of Dallas, Tex. (D. A. Frank, of Dallas, Tex., and John B. Files, of Shreveport, La., on the brief), for appellant.
Geo. T. McSween, of Shreveport, La., for appellee.
Before FOSTER, SIBLEY, and HUTCHESON, Circuit Judges.
SIBLEY, Circuit Judge.
The Southern Transportation Company appeals from a judgment for $4,000' obtained by Elmore Ashford, for personal injuries sustained by him in a collision of the automobile in which he was riding as a guest, with a truck of appellant.
Glover, a witness for appellee, was confronted with an affidavit which he admitted signing, and which was somewhat at variance with his testimony. He was allowed to testify in explanation that he had, at the request of an agent of appellant, signed it, but did not swear to it, in order to get the truck driver out of jail, and under promise that the paper should not come up in court. The objection was that the witness was estopped by his affidavit. A party to a civil suit may sometimes be estopped from changing his claims or his contentions because of his pleadings, his solemn admissions, a previous judgment, or statements or conduct by which others have been misled. But a witness as such, if allowed to testify at all, is never cut off from, but is always under the duty of, telling the full truth as he really knows it.- A previous contrary statement whether under oath or not is no estoppel, but is admissible in impeachment of the present testimony of the witness. He may state the circumstances under which it was made, or may explain what he meant by it, or may deny that it was made at all. The very purpose of the rule requiring the impeaching writing to be called to the attention of-the witness before it can be introduced as an impeachment is to give the opportunity to deny or explain it, or exculpate himself if he can. The Charles Morgan, 115 U. S. 77, 5 S.Ct. 1172, 29 L. Ed. 316. The jury are then to determine under all the circumstances the real force of the impeachment, and the credit to be given the present testimony of the witness.
The numerous assignments of error touching instructions to the jury given or refused cannot be considered because the record fails to show that any exception was taken to them at the time. A main function of an exception is to call the attention of the court pointedly to the error which it is thought has been committed, that he may have opportunity to reconsider it and correct it, and avoid miscarriage of justice or a new trial. United States v. U. S. Fidelity Co., 236 U. S. 512, 529, 35 S. Ct. 298, 59 L. Ed. 696. Exception timely taken to a. charge or refusal to charge is indispensable to a review on appeal. Lindsay v. Burgess, 156 U. S. 208, 15 S. Ct. 208, 39 L. Ed. 399. State statutes and practices to the contrary make no difference. St. Clair v. United States, 154 U. S. 134, 14 S. Ct. 1002, 38 L. Ed. 936.
The complaint that the verdict was excessive was for the trial court alone on motion for a new trial. Refusal of the new trial is not ground for reversal on appeal. Lincoln v. Power, 151 U. S. 436, 14 S. Ct. 387, 38 L. Ed. 224; Waters-Pierce Co. v. Deselms, 212 U. S. 160, 29 S. Ct. 270, 53 L. Ed. 453.
Affirmed.

Question: What is the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives"? Answer with a number.

Choices:

Answer: 1