What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
Note that if an individual is listed by name, but their appearance in the case is as a government official, then they should be counted as a government rather than as a private person. For example, in the case "Billy Jones & Alfredo Ruiz v Joe Smith" where Smith is a state prisoner who brought a civil rights suit against two of the wardens in the prison (Jones & Ruiz), the following values should be coded: number of appellants that fall into the category "natural persons" =0 and number that fall into the category "state governments, their agencies, and officials" =2. A similar logic should be applied to businesses and associations. Officers of a company or association whose role in the case is as a representative of their company or association should be coded as being a business or association rather than as a natural person. However, employees of a business or a government who are suing their employer should be coded as natural persons. Likewise, employees who are charged with criminal conduct for action that was contrary to the company policies should be considered natural persons.
If the title of a case listed a corporation by name and then listed the names of two individuals that the opinion indicated were top officers of the same corporation as the appellants, then the number of appellants should be coded as three and all three were coded as a business (with the identical detailed code). Similar logic should be applied when government officials or officers of an association were listed by name.
Your specific task is to determine the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "natural persons". If the total number cannot be determined (e.g., if the appellant is listed as "Smith, et. al." and the opinion does not specify who is included in the "et.al."), then answer 99.

Opinion:
Natalie A. DOUGLAS, Administratrix, Plaintiff, Appellant, v. Clayton E. BROWN, Defendant, Appellee.
No. 6663.
United States Court of Appeals First Circuit.
Heard April 6, 1966.
Decided April 13, 1966.
John Landfield, Boston, Mass., for appellant.
Sturtevant Burr, Boston, Mass., with whom Badger, Parrish, Sullivan & Frederick, Boston, Mass., was on brief, for appellee.
Before. ALDRICH, Chief Judge, McENTEE and COFFIN, Circuit Judges.
ALDRICH, Chief Judge.
The only question of consequence in this case, involving a collision between a motorcycle and a car, relates to a hospital record. There were two records, the Peter Bent Brigham, and the York. Both contained a statement as to the cause of the accident which conflicted, substantially, with plaintiff’s account. These statements were inadmissible under the Massachusetts hospital record statute, Mass.G.L. c. 233, § 79, and defendant appellee does not claim that they were otherwise admissible over objection. Plaintiff read the Peter Bent Brigham record to the jury, except for this statement. A recess was then called. The court instructed the witness, who had brought both records, that the Peter Bent Brigham record “be left.” According to the transcript, it added, “The York Hospital. Records are also admitted.” After the recess, the plaintiff read the York Hospital record to the jury, except for the statement as to the cause of the collision.
After a jury verdict for the defendant, and the exhibits were returned to counsel, plaintiff’s counsel discovered, allegedly for the first time, that the York Hospital record had gone to the jury, denominated as a plaintiff’s exhibit, as a result of what the court had said. Counsel asserted to the court, and to us, that he had not heard the court’s use of the words, “also admitted,” and thought it had said, “also left.” We do not doubt that counsel spoke the truth. We assume, of course, that the court said “admitted,” but we cannot think it was other than a slip of the tongue. Neither party had offered the York record. Not only was the court’s word not responsive to a request, but it made no sense to say “also admitted” after saying, correctly, that the other record embraced by the “also,” was “left,” not “admitted.”
Clearly, plaintiff’s 'counsel was, throughout, conscious of the objectionable statements, and carefully read both records, minus the statement, to the jury, instead of offering them himself. Inescapably, he would have reacted if he had heard that this record was being physically marked.
We do not question but that under proper circumstances, the court may offer its own exhibit. This record was marked plaintiff’s exhibit. Furthermore, at a minimum, a court cannot introduce its own exhibit without giving counsel clear notice that it is doing so.
The court disposed of plaintiff’s post trial motions by stating that, in its memory, the transcript was accurate, and there was “no error.” We are unable to avoid the conclusion that there was manifest error.
In an effort to support the court’s denial of plaintiff’s motion for new trial, defendant argues that the court is presumed to have found that the error was “not prejudicial.” This is not what the court found. It is not to be presumed to have found it because, on its ruling that there was no error, it did not reach that question. While we doubt very much whether the court would have found that the admission of the hospital record contradicting the plaintiff was not prejudicial, we believe it, rather than we, should pass on this question in the first instance.
Judgment will be entered vacating the judgment of the district court and remanding the action to that court to set aside the verdict and grant a new trial unless, after hearing, the court should find its error was not of prejudicial consequence.

Question: What is the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "natural persons"? Answer with a number.

Choices:

Answer: 0