What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
Note that if an individual is listed by name, but their appearance in the case is as a government official, then they should be counted as a government rather than as a private person. For example, in the case "Billy Jones & Alfredo Ruiz v Joe Smith" where Smith is a state prisoner who brought a civil rights suit against two of the wardens in the prison (Jones & Ruiz), the following values should be coded: number of appellants that fall into the category "natural persons" =0 and number that fall into the category "state governments, their agencies, and officials" =2. A similar logic should be applied to businesses and associations. Officers of a company or association whose role in the case is as a representative of their company or association should be coded as being a business or association rather than as a natural person. However, employees of a business or a government who are suing their employer should be coded as natural persons. Likewise, employees who are charged with criminal conduct for action that was contrary to the company policies should be considered natural persons.
If the title of a case listed a corporation by name and then listed the names of two individuals that the opinion indicated were top officers of the same corporation as the appellants, then the number of appellants should be coded as three and all three were coded as a business (with the identical detailed code). Similar logic should be applied when government officials or officers of an association were listed by name.
Your specific task is to determine the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "fiduciaries". If the total number cannot be determined (e.g., if the appellant is listed as "Smith, et. al." and the opinion does not specify who is included in the "et.al."), then answer 99.

Opinion:
CORDS v. COIL MFG. CO. et al.
No. 8554.
Circuit Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.
May 27, 1938.
A. W. Boyken, Mark Mohler, and Carroll A. Gordon, all of San Francisco, Cal., for appellant.
Lyon & Lyon, Frederick S. Lyon, and Richard F. Lyon, all,of Los Angeles, Cal., for appellees.
Before DENMAN, MATHEWS, and HEALY, Circuit Judges.
Rehearing denied Sept. 7, 1938.
MATHEWS, Circuit Judge.
This appeal is from a decree dismissing the bill of complaint in a suit by appellant against appellees for infringement of patent No. 1,919,584, issued to and owned by appellant.
The patent was applied for on February 4, 1931, and was issued on July 25, 1933. As stated in his application, appellant’s claimed invention “relates to methods and apparatus for conveniently making packing rings by hand from straight bands of metal.” The patent contains twelve claims. The bill does not state which claims were infringed, but the case was tried below and argued here upon the theory that claims 1, 3, 4, 5, 8, 10, 11 and 12 are the only ones involved. Claims 1, 3 and 4 read as follows :
“1. An apparatus for bending a thin relatively wide blank edgewise into an annular ring comprising a pair of feed rollers having toothed portions intermeshing and forming a groove designed to receive the blank, a roller bending die having a groove that may be disposed substantially in alinement with said roller groove, means to shift said die with respect to said rollers, and means to rotate said rollers to advance the blank and to cause it to be bent into annular form by said roller die during its advancement.”
“3. An apparatus for bending a substantially flat metal blank, having a width greatly in excess of its "thickness, edgewise into the form of an annular ring, said apparatus comprising a frame, a pair of rollers supported by said frame and having matched grooves cooperating to form a pass for receiving the blank with the lateral bounding planes of said pass normal to the roller axes and forming a space of a width greater than the thickness of the entering flat blank, bending means carried in predetermined position relative to said frame to impart a given final shape to the ring, and means for driving one of said rollers.
“4. An apparatus for bending a strip of relatively thin metal into the form of a light resilient piston ring, said apparatus comprising a set of cooperating feeding and shaping rollers, and means provided by said rollers for imparting a uniformly dished shape to the ring whereby the latter is given an overall thickness which is greater than the thickness of the metal which forms the said ring.”
Each of these claims describes an apparatus for bending a strip of metal into the form of a ring, meaning, we think, a single, individual ring. Appellees have not made, sold or used any such apparatus. Theirs is an apparatus for bending a strip of metal into a continuous spiral or coil of many convolutions. No such apparatus is described in any of the claims in suit.
Claim 5 reads: “In an apparatus for bending a strip of thin metal edgewise into the form of an annular ring, means forming a pass of greater width than the thickness of the metal for receiving the strip during its passage through the apparatus, and means for varying the width of said pass to cause more or less predetermined lateral distortion of the strip as said strip is being bent edgewise into annular form.” Here, also, the apparatus referred to is an apparatus for bending a strip of metal to form a single, individual ring. Appellees have not, in any such apparatus, made, sold or used the means described in claim 5, or any means whatever.
Claim 8 reads: “In subcombination, in an apparatus for reshaping an elongated piece of material, a rotatable member provided with an external set of teeth, and means disposed adjacent said teeth on said member for cooperation with one side of the set of teeth to form a pass for the piece of material, said means comprising a second set of teeth adjustable toward and from the first mentioned set to vary the size of said pass.” Appellees have not, in subcombination or otherwise, made, sold or used the means described in claim 8, or any equivalent means.
Claims 10, 11 and 12 read as follows:
“10. The method of making a dished piston ring from a band of metal of a width greatly in excess of its thickness which consists in bending the band of metal into annular form on lines transverse to the width of said band in a manner permitting the resultant compression of the metal adjacent the inside <of the ring and the resultant tension of the metal adjacent the outside of the ring to draw said band into a slightly dished form.
“11. The method of making a dished piston ring from a band of flat metal of a width greatly in excess of its thickness, .which consists in bending the band into annular form by application of pressure to the edge thereof to bend the band on lines normal to the width of the band while maintaining the other surfaces free of pressure so as to cause the band to assume a dished form as an incident to the bending operation.
“12. The method of making a dished piston ring from a band of metal of a width greatly in excess of its thickness, which consists in bending the band into annular form by application of pressure to the edge thereof to bend the ' band on lines normal to the width of the band while maintaining the other surfaces free of pressure so as to cause the band to assume a dished form as an incident to the bending operation, and in limiting the extent of lateral deflection of the strip so as to determine the extent of dishing of the ring.”
Appellees have not used any of the methods described in these claims. Their method of making piston rings is to cut into pieces of suitable length a spiral or coil formed from a metal strip, as mentioned above, and then to grind and reshape such pieces into piston rings. No such method is described in any of the claims in suit.
We hold, therefore, that, properly construed, the claims in suit have nót been infringed by appellees. Whether, when so construed, the claims are valid or invalid, we need not and do not decide. Compare Antonsen v. Hedrick, 9 Cir., 89 F.2d 149, 151.
If given the broader construction contended for by appellant, the claims would be invalid for the reasons stated in the trial court’s opinion (D.C., 15 F.Supp. 359), but we do not think such construction proper or permissible. Hence, we conclude, the bill should have been dismissed, not on the ground of invalidity, but on the ground of non-infringement only.
The decree is modified by striking therefrom the declaration that the claims in suit are invalid, and, as thus modified, is affirmed.
Packing rings, also called sealing rings, are used on pistons of internal combustion engines, and, when so used, are called piston rings,
Meaning, obviously, a metal blank.

Question: What is the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "fiduciaries"? Answer with a number.

Choices:

Answer: 0