What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
Note that if an individual is listed by name, but their appearance in the case is as a government official, then they should be counted as a government rather than as a private person. For example, in the case "Billy Jones & Alfredo Ruiz v Joe Smith" where Smith is a state prisoner who brought a civil rights suit against two of the wardens in the prison (Jones & Ruiz), the following values should be coded: number of appellants that fall into the category "natural persons" =0 and number that fall into the category "state governments, their agencies, and officials" =2. A similar logic should be applied to businesses and associations. Officers of a company or association whose role in the case is as a representative of their company or association should be coded as being a business or association rather than as a natural person. However, employees of a business or a government who are suing their employer should be coded as natural persons. Likewise, employees who are charged with criminal conduct for action that was contrary to the company policies should be considered natural persons.
If the title of a case listed a corporation by name and then listed the names of two individuals that the opinion indicated were top officers of the same corporation as the appellants, then the number of appellants should be coded as three and all three were coded as a business (with the identical detailed code). Similar logic should be applied when government officials or officers of an association were listed by name.
Your specific task is to determine the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives". If the total number cannot be determined (e.g., if the appellant is listed as "Smith, et. al." and the opinion does not specify who is included in the "et.al."), then answer 99.

Opinion:
JABCZYNSKI et al. v. UNITED STATES.
No. 4588.
Circuit Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit.
Nov. 20, 1931.
William C. Henry, of South Chicago, Ill., and Albert S. O’Sullivan, of Chicago, Ill., for appellants.
George E. Q. Johnson, U. S. Atty., and Daniel Anderson, Asst. U. S. Atty., both of Chicago, Ill., for the United States.
Before EYANS and SPARKS, Circuit Judges, and BALTZELL, District Judge.
BALTZELL, District Judge.
The appellants herein are charged jointly, in a grand jury indictment in five counts with the violation of the National Prohibition Act (27 USCA). The first count charges them with the unlawful possession of intoxicating liquor; the second, third, and fourth counts each charge them with the unlawful sale of intoxicating liquor; and the fifth count charges them with the unlawful maintenance of a common nuisance at 3328 East Eighty-Ninth street, Chicago, Ill. A trial was had to the court without the intervention of a jury; both appellants were convicted, and both are now prosecuting this appeal.
While a number of errors are assigned by appellants, only two need be considered. Tbe first being whether or not there was a proper waiver of jury, and the second, if the jury was properly waived, whether or not there is evidence sufficient to sustain the finding of the court.
That a jury may he waived in the trial of a criminal'ease there is no doubt. Patton v. U. S., 281 U. S. 276, 50 S. Ct. 253, 74 L. Ed. 854, 70 A. L. R. 263.
Appellants do no't contend otherwise, but they do contend, however, that there should have been a written stipulation of waiver filed. There is no statute defining the method by which a jury may be waived in the trial of criminal cases, as there is in civil cases. While the Constitution of the United States gives every person charged with the commission of a crime (certain exceptions therein being contained) the right of a trial by jury [Const. art. 3, § 2, cl. 3, and Amend. 6], yet it has recently been held by tbe Supreme Court in Patton v. United States, supra, that such right may be waived. A careful analysis of that ease fails to disclose that such waiver must be in writing. Tbe record in the instant case discloses that the appellants were present in court; that they were represented by counsel; and that the cause was submitted to the court for trial without a jury. Furthermore, the bill of exceptions specifically states that the jury was orally waived. While it is highly preferable that a written waiver of jury in a criminal case, signed by the defendant or defendants personally, bo filed, yet, in the absence of a statute, such procedure is not mandatory. The fact that the waiver was made orally instead of being in writing does not in any manner deprive appellants of their constitutional right, and is no cause for complaint. Having thus waived such right, even though orally, they cannot now bo heard to complain.
The second question presented is whether or not there is evidence to support the finding of the trial court. Upon this question there can be no doubt. That there is a variance between the testimony of government’s witnesses and the appellants is conceded, but that fact alone does not necessarily mean that the appellants are right and that the government’s witnesses are in error. There is evidence tending to establish the guilt of the defendants, as charged in the indictment, and there is also evidence given by the defendants tending to establish their innocence of those charges.
No good purpose will be served by discussing at length the testimony of the various witnesses. A careful examination of all the testimony convinces us that there is evidence from which the trial judge was justified in arriving at the conclusion that the defendants are guilty as charged. Having thus determined, this eourfc cannot disturb such finding. Burton v. U. S., 202 U. S. 344, 26 S. Ct. 688, 50 L. Ed. 1057, 6 Ann. Cas. 362; Harley v. U. S. (C. C. A.) 269 F. 384; Allen v. U. S. (C. C. A.) 4 F.(2d) 688.
The judgment of the District Court is affirmed.

Question: What is the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives"? Answer with a number.

Choices:

Answer: 0