What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
Note that if an individual is listed by name, but their appearance in the case is as a government official, then they should be counted as a government rather than as a private person. For example, in the case "Billy Jones & Alfredo Ruiz v Joe Smith" where Smith is a state prisoner who brought a civil rights suit against two of the wardens in the prison (Jones & Ruiz), the following values should be coded: number of appellants that fall into the category "natural persons" =0 and number that fall into the category "state governments, their agencies, and officials" =2. A similar logic should be applied to businesses and associations. Officers of a company or association whose role in the case is as a representative of their company or association should be coded as being a business or association rather than as a natural person. However, employees of a business or a government who are suing their employer should be coded as natural persons. Likewise, employees who are charged with criminal conduct for action that was contrary to the company policies should be considered natural persons.
If the title of a case listed a corporation by name and then listed the names of two individuals that the opinion indicated were top officers of the same corporation as the appellants, then the number of appellants should be coded as three and all three were coded as a business (with the identical detailed code). Similar logic should be applied when government officials or officers of an association were listed by name.
Your specific task is to determine the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "natural persons". If the total number cannot be determined (e.g., if the appellant is listed as "Smith, et. al." and the opinion does not specify who is included in the "et.al."), then answer 99.

Opinion:
UNITED STATES of America and Raymond W. Carpenter, Revenue Agent of the Internal Revenue Service, Appellees, v. NATIONAL BANK OF SOUTH DAKOTA, by and through Lucille Crow, Vice-President, v. Denver B. CANFIELD, Appellant.
No. 79-2069.
United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit.
Submitted April 21, 1980.
Decided April 25, 1980.
Denver B. Canfield, pro se.
M. Carr Ferguson, Asst. Atty. Gen., Gilbert E. Andrews, Charles E. Brookhart, Philip I. Brennan, Attys., Tax Div., Dept, of Justice, Washington, D. C., filed brief for appellee.
Before HEANEY, ROSS and McMILLI-AN, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM.
This is an appeal from orders enforcing an IRS summons and denying taxpayer-in-tervenor’s motions for an evidentiary hearing. Pursuant to an investigation into taxpayer’s civil income tax liability, Internal Revenue Agent Raymond W. Carpenter issued a summons directing vice-president Lucille Crow of the National Bank of South Dakota to appear before him, testify, and produce bank records pertaining to taxpayer. The material sought was described with reasonable particularity, it was not already in the possession of the IRS, and it was deemed necessary to investigate taxpayer’s federal tax liability. At the time the summons was issued the revenue agent had not recommended taxpayer be prosecuted for any matter connected with the investigation, and the IRS did not abandon, in an institutional sense, its pursuit of taxpayer’s civil tax liabilities.
The IRS instituted the instant proceedings to obtain an order enforcing the summons. The district court issued a show cause order requiring the bank to explain why the summons should not be enforced, allowed taxpayer to intervene, denied taxpayer’s motion to dismiss, and ordered the summons enforced. The district court thereafter denied taxpayer’s motion for reconsideration and an evidentiary hearing, but stayed the order of enforcement until a final decision was reached on appeal or until the time for appeal had elapsed.
Taxpayer appeals.
The sole contention in taxpayer’s five-page pro se appellate brief appears to be that his constitutional rights have been lost in the mixing of this “quasi civil/criminal action.” As he concludes, “[T]he issues to be resolved by this Court of Appeals are (1) Jurisdiction under title 26 U.S.C., and (2) Whether any United States Court may combine civil and criminal in the same proceeding.”
The Commissioner of Internal Revenue has the power to summon books and records and take testimony to determine, inter alia, the correctness of a return and actual tax liability. 26 U.S.C. § 7602. The district courts have authority to compel compliance with those summonses. 26 U.S.C. §§ 7402(b), 7604(a). The constitutionality of the summons enforcement statutes, as well as the judicial power to enforce summonses, has been upheld by the Supreme Court. Couch v. United States, 409 U.S. 322, 93 S.Ct. 611, 34 L.Ed.2d 548 (1973); Donaldson v. United States, 400 U.S. 517, 91 S.Ct. 534, 27 L.Ed.2d 580 (1971). In this case the requirements of United States v. Powell, 379 U.S. 48, 85 S.Ct. 248, 13 L.Ed.2d 112 (1964), and United States v. LaSalle National Bank, 437 U.S. 298, 98 S.Ct. 2357, 57 L.Ed.2d 221 (1978), were met and taxpayer has not shown the summons was issued for an improper purpose. See Reisman v. Caplin, 375 U.S. 440, 449, 84 S.Ct. 508, 513, 11 L.Ed.2d 459 (1964). Thus the district court properly ordered the summons enforced.
On appeal the government seeks to contest the grant of the stay by the district court. Because the stay was issued pending this appeal and this court’s affirmance of the district court order enforcing the summons dissolves the stay, we need not and do not consider the propriety of the stay. The order of the district court enforcing the summons is affirmed and the stay pending appeal is dissolved.
It is so ordered.
. The Honorable Andrew W. Bogue, United States District Judge for the District of South Dakota.
. Taxpayer states,
In adjudicating this case, the Appeals Court should clear the air on some pertinent issues:
(1) Is Title 26 a civil code? Yes or No
(2) Is Title 26 a criminal code? Yes or No
(3) Is it legal for a United States Court to
mix civil and criminal prosecutions? Yes or No.
The answers to 1 and 2 are both yes because Title 26 contains both civil and criminal provisions. E. g., United States v. Russell, No. 79-1722 (8th Cir. Dec. 26, 1979) (unpublished order); United States v. Campbell, No. 79-1807 (8th Cir. Nov. 16, 1979) (unpublished order). Since the instant proceeding is civil, and no criminal charge is involved, resolution of the third issue is irrelevant to this case.
. The government claims the issue is raised by taxpayer in his notice of appeal, and indeed the notice does state that taxpayer is appealing, inter alia, the order granting the stay. Nevertheless, the taxpayer in his brief on appeal does not even mention the stay or the order granting the stay, much less contest that order.

Question: What is the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "natural persons"? Answer with a number.

Choices:

Answer: 1