What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
Note that if an individual is listed by name, but their appearance in the case is as a government official, then they should be counted as a government rather than as a private person. For example, in the case "Billy Jones & Alfredo Ruiz v Joe Smith" where Smith is a state prisoner who brought a civil rights suit against two of the wardens in the prison (Jones & Ruiz), the following values should be coded: number of appellants that fall into the category "natural persons" =0 and number that fall into the category "state governments, their agencies, and officials" =2. A similar logic should be applied to businesses and associations. Officers of a company or association whose role in the case is as a representative of their company or association should be coded as being a business or association rather than as a natural person. However, employees of a business or a government who are suing their employer should be coded as natural persons. Likewise, employees who are charged with criminal conduct for action that was contrary to the company policies should be considered natural persons.
If the title of a case listed a corporation by name and then listed the names of two individuals that the opinion indicated were top officers of the same corporation as the appellants, then the number of appellants should be coded as three and all three were coded as a business (with the identical detailed code). Similar logic should be applied when government officials or officers of an association were listed by name.
Your specific task is to determine the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives". If the total number cannot be determined (e.g., if the appellant is listed as "Smith, et. al." and the opinion does not specify who is included in the "et.al."), then answer 99.

Opinion:
A.J. CARLSON and Stener Carlson, Executors of the Estate of Ruth Evenson, Deceased, Appellants, v. Clifford PETERSON, d/b/a Cliffs Texaco, Appellee.
No. 84-1730.
United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit.
Submitted Oct. 11, 1984.
Decided March 5, 1985.
Steven C. Beardsley, Rapid City, S.D., for appellants.
Wayne Gilbert, Rapid City, S.D., for ap-pellee.
Before ARNOLD, FAGG, and BOWMAN, Circuit Judges.
FAGG, Circuit Judge.
A.J. and Stener Carlson, on behalf of the estate of their mother, Ruth Evenson, appeal a judgment entered on a jury verdict in favor of Clifford Peterson. Mrs. Even-son died after a fall at Peterson’s gasoline service station in April 1980. The Carlsons claim that the trial court committed several errors, including instructing the jury on the defense of assumption of the risk when no evidence supports such a charge. We affirm.
Cliff Peterson owned and operated a Texaco service station in Lemmon, South Dakota, until he retired shortly before trial. On April 10, 1980, a friend drove Ruth Evenson, in Evenson’s car, to Peterson’s station to have her snow tires removed. To do the job, Peterson raised the car or; a hoist about six inches, while Evenson remained in the passenger seat. Peterson finished the job, and Evenson and her friend drove away.
A short time later, Evenson and her friend returned to the station upon discovering a noise coming from underneath the car. Peterson said he would have to raise the car to check underneath and inquired whether Evenson would like to get out. She declined, expressing a desire to stay in the car and read the newspaper. Peterson raised the car over five feet in the air. As Peterson began work on a detached muffler, he saw Evenson tumble from the car to the ground. Evenson suffered head injuries from which she later died.
At trial, Peterson introduced into evidence testimony of a private investigator who rode up on the same hoist. The witness testified that the sights, sounds, and sensations surrounding the upward movement of the hoist made it obvious that he sat five or six feet above the ground. From that evidence, Peterson claims that Mrs. Evenson had constructive knowledge of her peril, yet chose to encounter it and thus assumed the risk of her injury. See Myers v. Lennox Co-op Ass’n, 307 N.W.2d 863, 864-65 (S.D.1981).
We agree. In South Dakota, the defense of assumption of the risk bars recovery if the injured party had knowledge, either actual or constructive, of the danger involved in a situation; appreciated the risk of that situation; and voluntarily accepted that risk. Id.; Stenholtz v. Modica, 264 N.W.2d 514, 517-18 (S.D.1978). One has constructive knowledge of a risk if the risk is so plainly observable that anyone of competent faculties will be charged with knowledge of it. E.g., Bartlett v. Gregg, 77 S.D. 406, 92 N.W.2d 654, 657 (S.D.1958); Prosser, Torts § 68, at 448 (4th ed. 1971). In addition, there are risks the appreciation of which no adult can deny, such as the danger of falling from a height. E.g., Prosser, supra, at 448; Restatement (Second) of Torts § 496D comment d (1965). Finally, voluntariness can be established by demonstrating that the injured party had enough time, knowledge and experience to make an intelligent choice. Myers, 307 N.W.2d at 864.
The Carlsons claim that the evidence does not support an instruction on assumption of the risk. They rely on Peterson’s failure to warn Mrs. Evenson of the precise height to which he planned to raise the car and on Mrs. Evenson’s experience one-half hour before the accident when Peterson raised her car only six inches. On the other hand, Peterson testified that he told Mrs. Evenson he was going to raise the car to check underneath. From the evidence of the sights, sounds, and sensations involved in riding up the hoist, a jury could find that Mrs. Evenson knew of and appreciated her peril. That she may have momentarily forgotten where she was does not preclude a finding of assumption of the risk. Prosser, supra, at 449. Mrs. Evenson was an alert individual, suffering from no infirmities, and nothing suggests she was forced to get out of the car. We are satisfied that the trial judge committed no error by submitting the defense of assumption of risk to the jury-
The Carlsons also claim that the trial judge committed error by instructing the jury that Peterson had a duty to exercise care for Mrs. Evenson’s safety and rejecting a proposed instruction that Peterson had a specific duty to warn his invitees of dangerous conditions. We do not consider this reversible error because the instruction given to the jury was a correct, albeit brief, statement of South Dakota law. See South Dakota Pattern Jury Instructions, Civil §§ 120.06A, 120.06B (1968).
We have carefully considered the other claims made by the Carlsons and find them lacking in merit. Accordingly, the judgment of the district court is affirmed.

Question: What is the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives"? Answer with a number.

Choices:

Answer: 0