What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
Note that if an individual is listed by name, but their appearance in the case is as a government official, then they should be counted as a government rather than as a private person. For example, in the case "Billy Jones & Alfredo Ruiz v Joe Smith" where Smith is a state prisoner who brought a civil rights suit against two of the wardens in the prison (Jones & Ruiz), the following values should be coded: number of appellants that fall into the category "natural persons" =0 and number that fall into the category "state governments, their agencies, and officials" =2. A similar logic should be applied to businesses and associations. Officers of a company or association whose role in the case is as a representative of their company or association should be coded as being a business or association rather than as a natural person. However, employees of a business or a government who are suing their employer should be coded as natural persons. Likewise, employees who are charged with criminal conduct for action that was contrary to the company policies should be considered natural persons.
If the title of a case listed a corporation by name and then listed the names of two individuals that the opinion indicated were top officers of the same corporation as the appellants, then the number of appellants should be coded as three and all three were coded as a business (with the identical detailed code). Similar logic should be applied when government officials or officers of an association were listed by name.
Your specific task is to determine the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives". If the total number cannot be determined (e.g., if the appellant is listed as "Smith, et. al." and the opinion does not specify who is included in the "et.al."), then answer 99.

Opinion:
James GORDON and Edward L. Brown, Petitioners, Appellants, v. J. T. WILLINGHAM, Warden, United States Penitentiary, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, Respondent-Appellee.
No. 13557.
United States Court of Appeals Third Circuit.
Argued June 9, 1961.
Decided Aug. 30, 1961.
Alfred Avins, Chicago, 111., for appellants.
Janies C. Waller, Jr., Washington, D. C. (Daniel H. Jenkins, U. S. Atty., Phillip H. Williams, Asst. U. S. Atty., Scranton, Pa., Thomas A. Ryan, Lieutenant Colonel, JAGC, Office of The Judge Advocate Gen., Dept, of the Army, Washington, D. C., on the brief), for appellee.
Before BIGGS, Chief Judge, and HAS-TIE and FORMAN, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM.
Appellants are two of seven American soldiers who were tried together and convicted by a court-martial in West Germany for multiple rape upon a fifteen year old German girl. Appellant Gordon was sentenced by the court to life imprisonment and dishonorable discharge. Appellant Brown was sentenced to imprisonment for forty years and dishonorable discharge. In due course a Board of Review, acting pursuant to Article 66, Uniform Code of Military Justice, 10 U.S.C. § 866, considered various contentions, including these now in issue, and reduced the terms of imprisonment to thirty years in the case of Gordon and fifteen years in the case of Brown. Thereafter, the United States Court of Military Appeals reviewed the cases and affirmed the decision of the Board of Review. United States v. Carter et al., 1958, 9 U.S.C.M.A. 108. To serve their sentences the present appellants were confined within the Middle District of Pennsylvania where they filed this petition for habeas corpus. Relief was denied by the district court and the prisoners have appealed to us.
We have examined the record and have considered all of appellants’ contentions. We find no error in the decision of the district court.
Only one contention, which appellants’ capable counsel candidly designates as his strongest point, requires particular comment. It is argued that the members of the court-martial were impelled or inclined to impose very severe sentences upon appellants because of urgings by the convening authority and a still higher commander shortly before this trial that Draconian punishment be meted out to soldiers convicted of crimes of violence against German civilians. At the same time, there is no indication that anything said by commanders should have been understood or was in fact understood by members of this court-martial as urging that anyone be convicted without proper and convincing proof of guilt. Thus, the issue of command influence is limited to the question whether the appellants have been deprived of essential fairness and independence of judgment in sentencing.
Under military law the maximum sentence which could properly have been imposed pursuant to these convictions of rape was life imprisonment. As we already have stated, the court-martial sentenced appellants Gordon and Brown to imprisonment for life and for forty years, respectively. However, the Board of Review resentenced appellants to prison terms of thirty years and fifteen years, respectively. On the present record we think' this action by the Board of Review is decisive against appellants’ constitutional contention, regardless of the possibility that the court-martial may have been subjected to command influence in its fixing of penalties.
The Supreme Court recently pointed out in Jackson v. Taylor, 1957, 353 U.S. 569, 77 S.Ct. 1027, 1 L.Ed.2d 1045, affirming a decision of this court, 234 F.2d 611, that a Board of Review, acting under Article 66 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice, 10 U.S.C. § 866, is vested with plenary power to substitute for the original sentence of a court-martial whatever lesser sentence the Board may consider appropriate on the entire record and in all of the circumstances of the case. Indeed, the Supreme Court indicated that in the administration of military justice this procedure is a proper substitute for a remand for resentencing by a court-martial. Accord, Fowler v. Wilkinson, 1957, 353 U.S. 583, 77 S.Ct. 1035, 1 L.Ed.2d 1054. It is, therefore, the presently effective sentence imposed by the Board of Review, not the superseded more severe sentence of the court-martial, which we must consider in determining whether there has been essential fairness and freedom from undue influence in sentencing. We have found nothing which indicates that the Board of Review was influenced in any way by what the theatre commanders had said or that the Board did not make independent and unbiased determination of what constituted fair sentences in these cases. We are satisfied that due process of law in sentencing requires no more than competence and impartiality on the part of the authority which has imposed the sentence under which the prisoners are now confined. For due process purposes it is not important that the effective sentence was imposed by an authority other than the original trial tribunal.
The judgment will be affirmed.
. Co-defendants who have been committed to prisons elsewhere have also made unsuccessful collateral attacks upon their convictions and sentences. Kasey v. Goodwyn, 4 Cir., 1961, 291 F.2d 174; Chandler v. Markley, D.C.S.D.Ind., 191 F.Supp. 706.

Question: What is the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives"? Answer with a number.

Choices:

Answer: 0