What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
Note that if an individual is listed by name, but their appearance in the case is as a government official, then they should be counted as a government rather than as a private person. For example, in the case "Billy Jones & Alfredo Ruiz v Joe Smith" where Smith is a state prisoner who brought a civil rights suit against two of the wardens in the prison (Jones & Ruiz), the following values should be coded: number of appellants that fall into the category "natural persons" =0 and number that fall into the category "state governments, their agencies, and officials" =2. A similar logic should be applied to businesses and associations. Officers of a company or association whose role in the case is as a representative of their company or association should be coded as being a business or association rather than as a natural person. However, employees of a business or a government who are suing their employer should be coded as natural persons. Likewise, employees who are charged with criminal conduct for action that was contrary to the company policies should be considered natural persons.
If the title of a case listed a corporation by name and then listed the names of two individuals that the opinion indicated were top officers of the same corporation as the appellants, then the number of appellants should be coded as three and all three were coded as a business (with the identical detailed code). Similar logic should be applied when government officials or officers of an association were listed by name.
Your specific task is to determine the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "natural persons". If the total number cannot be determined (e.g., if the appellant is listed as "Smith, et. al." and the opinion does not specify who is included in the "et.al."), then answer 99.

Opinion:
James Earl YOUNG, Sr., Appellant, v. STATE OF ARKANSAS et al., Appellees.
No. 75-1784.
United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit.
Submitted April 15, 1976.
Decided April 22, 1976.
James Earl Young, pro se.
Jim Guy Tucker, Atty. Gen., and Gary Isbell, Asst. Atty. Gen., State of Ark., Little Rock, Ark., for appellees.
Before HEANEY, BRIGHT and ROSS, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM.
•- James Earl Young, Sr., an Arkansas state prisoner, appeals from the District Court’s dismissal of his petition for habeas corpus for failure to exhaust state remedies. We affirm.
The appellant was convicted in an Arkansas state court of possession of stolen property of a value greater than $35.00, in violation of Ark.Stat.Ann. § 41-3938. He was sentenced to thirty-one years imprisonment, under the Arkansas Habitual Offender Statute, Ark.Stat.Ann. § 43-2328.
íl'
From his conviction, the appellant filed a direct appeal to the Arkansas Supreme Court raising two issues: (1) that he had not been brought to trial within one hundred and eighty days of demand, as required by the Arkansas version of the Interstate Agreement on Detainers, Ark.Stat. Ann. § 43-3201, and (2) that certain evidence used at trial was the fruit of an illegal search. The Arkansas Supreme Court found both of these contentions to be without merit and affirmed the conviction.
In his petition for habeas corpus under 28 U.S.C. § 2254 below, the appellant asserted two grounds for relief: (1) that he was denied his Sixth Amendment right to a speedy trial; and (2) that there was insufficient evidence that the stolen property found in his possession exceeded the statutory amount required for a conviction under Ark.Stat.Ann. § 41-3938.
The District Court dismissed his speedy trial argument finding that the appellant had asserted in his direct appeal to the Arkansas Supreme Court only the alleged violation of Ark.Stat.Ann. § 43-3201 and not the Sixth Amendment argument now raised. As to the second ground, the District Court found that the appellant had not raised the issue at all in state court. The court, therefore, denied the petition for failure to exhaust available state remedies.
The record discloses that the appellant did not raise in state court either the Sixth Amendment argument or the insufficient evidence of the value of the stolen goods claim raised in federal court. Until the appellant raises these issues in state court, he has not exhausted his available state remedies. The District Court was correct in denying the appellant’s petition on that ground. Picard v. Connor, 404 U.S. 270, 92 S.Ct. 509, 30 L.Ed.2d 438 (1971); Blunt v. Wolff, 501 F.2d 1138 (8th Cir. 1974).
The appellant also contends on appeal that the evidence used at trial was the fruit of an unlawful search. While this argument was exhausted in state court, it was not presented to the District Court. It cannot be considered for the first time here. United States v. Sappington, 527 F.2d 508 (8th Cir. 1975).
We affirm.
. We note, as did the District Court, that the appellant has not yet availed himself of post-conviction relief available to him under Rule 37 of the Arkansas Rules of Criminal Procedure.

Question: What is the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "natural persons"? Answer with a number.

Choices:

Answer: 1