What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
Note that if an individual is listed by name, but their appearance in the case is as a government official, then they should be counted as a government rather than as a private person. For example, in the case "Billy Jones & Alfredo Ruiz v Joe Smith" where Smith is a state prisoner who brought a civil rights suit against two of the wardens in the prison (Jones & Ruiz), the following values should be coded: number of appellants that fall into the category "natural persons" =0 and number that fall into the category "state governments, their agencies, and officials" =2. A similar logic should be applied to businesses and associations. Officers of a company or association whose role in the case is as a representative of their company or association should be coded as being a business or association rather than as a natural person. However, employees of a business or a government who are suing their employer should be coded as natural persons. Likewise, employees who are charged with criminal conduct for action that was contrary to the company policies should be considered natural persons.
If the title of a case listed a corporation by name and then listed the names of two individuals that the opinion indicated were top officers of the same corporation as the appellants, then the number of appellants should be coded as three and all three were coded as a business (with the identical detailed code). Similar logic should be applied when government officials or officers of an association were listed by name.
Your specific task is to determine the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives". If the total number cannot be determined (e.g., if the appellant is listed as "Smith, et. al." and the opinion does not specify who is included in the "et.al."), then answer 99.

Opinion:
MILLER v. UNITED STATES.
No. 7428.
Circuit Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit
Dec. 20, 1940.
Rehearing Denied Feb. 3, 1941.
TREANOR, Circuit Judge, dissenting in part.
Keith L. Seegmiller, of Washington, D. C., and Wm. M. Lytle, U. S. Attorney, of Chicago, Ill., for appellant.
Eugene Bland, of Shelbyville, Ill., for appellee.
Before EVANS, TREANOR, and KERNER, Circuit Judges.
EVANS, Circuit Judge.
This is an appeal by the Government in a war risk “automatic” insurance case wherein the District Court entered a judgment on October 29, 1938, 24 F.Supp. 958, awarding to appellee a recovery for a limited period, to-wit, six years prior to filing of veteran’s claim in 1931.
This same litigation was before this court on the veteran’s appeal. See 114 F.2d 267.
After the Government had filed a notice of appeal (on February 3, 1939) from the October, 1938, judgment, it obtained a rehearing in the District Court, which resulted in a vacation of the 1938 judgment and a dismissal of the veteran’s suit. This action was taken on the authority of the subsequently decided Towery case. United States v. Towery, 306 U.S. 324, 59 S.Ct. 522, 83 L.Ed. 678. On May 5, 1939, the trial court granted the Government’s motion to dismiss its appeal from the 1938 judgment.
Thereupon (July 21, 1939) the veteran filed notice of appeal from the second— the dismissal of suit — judgment. On the veteran’s appeal from this second judgment, this court held: (1) (a) That the trial court was without jurisdiction to vacate a former judgment after notice of appeal therefrom had been filed. (1) (b) The trial court had no authority to dismiss an appeal pending in this court. 114 F.2d 267, 270.
This court in an obiter (made to “avoid future litigation”) considered the effect of the July 3, 1930 amendment, 38 U.S.C.A. § 445, extending the statute of limitations, upon automatic insurance. Sec. 401 of the War Risk Insurance Act, 40 Stat. 409. We concluded the extension was inapplicable to war risk automatic insurance and, a fortiori, this veteran was barred from all recovery. There was a dissent from this ruling.
We there stated that the District Court’s second judgment, of dismissal of the suit, must be reversed as of no efficacy, and the opinion added, “The appeal of defendant [the Government] from the first judgment is still pending but it is not before us at this time. The District Court’s order dismissing the appeal from the first judgment is of no force or effect.”
In August, 1940, this court granted the Government leave to docket its appeal from the first judgment. The veteran moved to dismiss this appeal, which motion was denied without prejudice to a renewal thereof at the hearing on the merits.
Validity of Appeal. The veteran moves to dismiss this appeal (which it must be conceded has had an “unusual” career), on the ground that no record on appeal was filed within fifty days from March 15, 1939 (May 4, 1939), as required by Rule 73 (g) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, 28 U.S.C.A. following section 723c.
Rule 73 (g) provides that the record “shall be filed with the appellate court and the- action there docketed within 40 days from the date of the notice of appeal; except that, when more than one appeal is taken from the same judgment to the same appellate court, the district court may prescribe the time for filing and docketing, which in no event shall be less than 40 days from the date of the first notice of appeal. In all cases, the district court in its discretion and with or without motion or notice may extend the time for filing the record on appeal and docketing the action, if its order for extension is made before the expiration of the period for filing and docketing as originally prescribed or as extended by a previous order; but the district court shall not extend the time to a day more than 90 days from the date of the first notice of appeal.”
We reach the conclusion that the appeal is properly and legally before us for our consideration, despite the mandatory statement in the Rule 73 (g) as to the requirement of time within which the record must be filed, for the following reasons:
(a) Rule 73 (g)’s mandatory requirement is alleviated in its rigidity by subsection (a) of the same rule which renders the failure to comply with subsection (g) non-jurisdictional. Subsection (a) reads:
“When an appeal is permitted by law from a district court to a circuit court of appeals and within the time prescribed, a party may appeal from a judgment by filing with the district court a notice of appeal. Failure of the appellant to take any of the further steps to secure the review of the judgment appealed from does not affect the validity of the appeal, but is ground only for such remedies as are specified in this rule or, when no remedy is specified, for such action as the appellate court deems appropriate, which may include dismissal of the appeal.”
The court in Burke v. Canfield, App.D.C., 111 F.2d 526, 527, held that the effect of subsection (a) of Sec. 73 of the Rules was to leave “the matter to this court’s discretion, and as the rules involved are new, * * * the appeal should not be dismissed. * * * the error was not necessarily fatal.”
(b) It was the purpose of these rules to expedite appeals and guard against dilatory tactics. In the instant case the parties were diligent, and it is perfectly apparent why the Government’s appeal was not prosecuted — it was proceeding along a course it deemed the most expedient, namely, correcting, in the District Court, that court’s erroneous decree. It was. confronted by a situation wherein a subsequently announced Supreme Court decision made its decision erroneous. In attempting to correct the mistake, the Government failed to appreciate the legal complication which occurred by reason of its pending appeal.
As soon as this court determined that after an appeal is taken all proceedings in the District Court are stayed, appellant so proceeded. Since we held that the District Court was also without jurisdiction to dismiss the appeal pending in this court, it followed that the appeal was still, and is still, validly pending here.
(c) The fact that the Government’s record on appeal was not filed within the prescribed, or extended, time is here immaterial, as a matter of fact. We have the complete record before us because of the appeal taken by the veteran in the previous appeal, and this record is complete so far as the issues here presented for determination are concerned. It is interesting in this connection to note Rule 75 (k) of the Rules of Civil Procedure, which provides:
“When more than one appeal is taken to the same court from the same judgment, a single record on appeal shall be prepared containing all the matter designated or agreed upon by the parties without duplication.”
We have heretofore permitted the printed record presented in the veteran’s appeal to stand as the record on this appeal, after having a “re-designation” of its contents and certification by the clerk of the District Court. This record was refiled on this appeal, August 16, 1940.
The Merits. We here adopt the obiter stated in the opinion on the veteran’s appeal, No. 7068, following the heading “Applicability of Statute of Limitations (Act of July 3, 1930) to ‘Automatic’ Insurance,” and as a consequence hold that the suit of the veteran should be dismissed because his claim was barred by the Statute.
The judgment of the District Court is reversed with directions to dismiss the action.

Question: What is the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "private business and its executives"? Answer with a number.

Choices:

Answer: 0