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Update SJP (LCI and Occlusion)

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by ninabaum - opened
README.md CHANGED
@@ -1,338 +1,843 @@
1
  ---
2
  pretty_name: Swiss-Judgment-Prediction
3
  annotations_creators:
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- - found
 
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  language_creators:
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- - found
7
  language:
8
- - de
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- - fr
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- - it
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- - en
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  license:
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- - cc-by-sa-4.0
14
  multilinguality:
15
- - multilingual
16
  size_categories:
17
- - 10K<n<100K
18
  source_datasets:
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- - original
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  task_categories:
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- - text-classification
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  task_ids: []
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  tags:
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- - judgement-prediction
 
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- ---
335
 
 
336
  # Dataset Card for "SwissJudgmentPrediction"
337
 
338
  ## Table of Contents
@@ -373,11 +878,16 @@ dataset_info:
373
 
374
  Swiss-Judgment-Prediction is a multilingual, diachronic dataset of 85K Swiss Federal Supreme Court (FSCS) cases annotated with the respective binarized judgment outcome (approval/dismissal), posing a challenging text classification task. We also provide additional metadata, i.e., the publication year, the legal area and the canton of origin per case, to promote robustness and fairness studies on the critical area of legal NLP.
375
 
 
376
  ### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
377
 
378
  SwissJudgmentPrediction can be used for the legal judgment prediction task.
379
 
380
- The dataset is not yet part of an established benchmark.
 
 
 
 
381
 
382
  ### Languages
383
 
@@ -385,7 +895,8 @@ Switzerland has four official languages with 3 languages (German, French and Ita
385
 
386
  ## Dataset Structure
387
 
388
- In version 2 we added machine translated data using [EasyNMT](https://github.com/UKPLab/EasyNMT) for all documents into German, French, Italian and English as an additional training set.
 
389
 
390
  ### Data Instances
391
 
@@ -446,11 +957,11 @@ The following data fields are provided for documents (`train`, `validation`, `te
446
  `language`: (**str**) one of (de, fr, it) \
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  `region`: (**str**) the region of the lower court \
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  `canton`: (**str**) the canton of the lower court \
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- `legal area`: (**str**) the legal area of the case
450
 
451
 
452
 
453
- **Monolingual use of the dataset**
454
 
455
  The following data fields are provided for documents (`train`, `validation`, `test`):
456
 
@@ -461,12 +972,45 @@ The following data fields are provided for documents (`train`, `validation`, `te
461
  `language`: (**str**) one of (de, fr, it) \
462
  `region`: (**str**) the region of the lower court \
463
  `canton`: (**str**) the canton of the lower court \
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- `legal area`: (**str**) the legal area of the case
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
465
 
466
 
467
  ### Data Splits
468
 
469
- | Language | Subset | Number of Documents (Training/Validation/Test) |
470
  |------------|------------|------------------------------------------------|
471
  | German | **de** | 35'452 / 4'705 / 9'725 |
472
  | French | **fr** | 21'179 / 3'095 / 6'820 |
@@ -476,18 +1020,36 @@ The following data fields are provided for documents (`train`, `validation`, `te
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  | MT French | **mt_fr** | 38'524 / 0 / 0 |
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  | MT Italian | **mt_it** | 56'631 / 0 / 0 |
478
  | MT All | **all+mt** | 238'818 / 8'208 / 17'357 |
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
479
 
480
  ## Dataset Creation
481
 
482
  ### Curation Rationale
483
 
484
- The dataset was curated by Niklaus et al. (2021).
485
 
486
  ### Source Data
487
 
488
  #### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
489
 
490
- The original data are available at the Swiss Federal Supreme Court (https://www.bger.ch) in unprocessed formats (HTML). The documents were downloaded from the Entscheidsuche portal (https://entscheidsuche.ch) in HTML.
491
 
492
  #### Who are the source language producers?
493
 
@@ -497,12 +1059,13 @@ Switzerland has four official languages with 3 languages (German, French and Ita
497
 
498
  #### Annotation process
499
 
500
- The decisions have been annotated with the binarized judgment outcome using parsers and regular expressions.
501
 
502
  #### Who are the annotators?
503
 
504
  Joel Niklaus and Adrian Jörg annotated the binarized judgment outcomes.
505
  Metadata is published by the Swiss Federal Supreme Court (https://www.bger.ch).
 
506
 
507
  ### Personal and Sensitive Information
508
 
@@ -568,6 +1131,17 @@ and the new citation
568
  }
569
  ```
570
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
571
  ### Contributions
572
 
573
- Thanks to [@joelniklaus](https://github.com/joelniklaus) for adding this dataset.
 
1
  ---
2
  pretty_name: Swiss-Judgment-Prediction
3
  annotations_creators:
4
+ - found
5
+ - expert-generated
6
  language_creators:
7
+ - found
8
  language:
9
+ - de
10
+ - fr
11
+ - it
12
+ - en
13
  license:
14
+ - cc-by-sa-4.0
15
  multilinguality:
16
+ - multilingual
17
  size_categories:
18
+ - 100K<n<1M
19
  source_datasets:
20
+ - original
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  task_categories:
22
+ - text-classification
23
  task_ids: []
24
  tags:
25
+ - judgement-prediction
26
+ - explainability-judgment-prediction
27
  dataset_info:
28
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+ num_examples: 28375
 
 
 
 
839
 
840
+ ---
841
  # Dataset Card for "SwissJudgmentPrediction"
842
 
843
  ## Table of Contents
 
878
 
879
  Swiss-Judgment-Prediction is a multilingual, diachronic dataset of 85K Swiss Federal Supreme Court (FSCS) cases annotated with the respective binarized judgment outcome (approval/dismissal), posing a challenging text classification task. We also provide additional metadata, i.e., the publication year, the legal area and the canton of origin per case, to promote robustness and fairness studies on the critical area of legal NLP.
880
 
881
+
882
  ### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
883
 
884
  SwissJudgmentPrediction can be used for the legal judgment prediction task.
885
 
886
+ OcclusionSwissJudgmentPrediction can be used for performing the occlusion in the legal judgment prediction task.
887
+
888
+ LowerCourtInsertionSwissJudgmentPrediction can be used for performing the LowerCourtInsertion in the legal judgment prediction task.
889
+
890
+ The dataset is part of the [LEXTREME benchmark](https://huggingface.co/datasets/joelito/lextreme)
891
 
892
  ### Languages
893
 
 
895
 
896
  ## Dataset Structure
897
 
898
+ In version 2 we added machine translated data using [EasyNMT](https://github.com/UKPLab/EasyNMT) for all documents into German, French, Italian and English as an additional training set. With Occlusion-Swiss-Judgment-Prediction we extended part of the test set by adding sentence splitting with explainability labels. The Lower-Court-Insertion-Swiss-Judgment-Prediction extends part of the test set with lower court insertion. Note that both the test set for the Lower Court Insertion and Occlusion should be used in combination with the
899
+ Swiss-Judgment-Prediction training and validation sets.
900
 
901
  ### Data Instances
902
 
 
957
  `language`: (**str**) one of (de, fr, it) \
958
  `region`: (**str**) the region of the lower court \
959
  `canton`: (**str**) the canton of the lower court \
960
+ `legal area`: (**str**) the legal area of the case
961
 
962
 
963
 
964
+ **Monolingual use of the dataset SwissJudgmentPrediction**
965
 
966
  The following data fields are provided for documents (`train`, `validation`, `test`):
967
 
 
972
  `language`: (**str**) one of (de, fr, it) \
973
  `region`: (**str**) the region of the lower court \
974
  `canton`: (**str**) the canton of the lower court \
975
+ `legal area`: (**str**) the legal area of the case
976
+
977
+ **Monolingual use of the dataset OcclusionSwissJudgmentPrediction**
978
+
979
+
980
+ The following data fields are provided for documents (occ_test):
981
+
982
+ id: (**int**) a unique identifier of the for the document
983
+ year: (**int**) the publication year
984
+ label: (**str**) the judgment outcome: dismissal or approval
985
+ language: (**str**) one of (de, fr, it)
986
+ region: (**str**) the region of the lower court
987
+ canton: (**str**) the canton of the lower court
988
+ legal area: (**str**) the legal area of the case
989
+ explainability_label (**str**): the explainability label assigned to the occluded text: Supports judgment, Opposes judgment, Neutral, Baseline
990
+ occluded_text (**str**): the occluded text
991
+ text: (**str**) the facts of the case w/o the occluded text except for cases w/ explainability label "Baseline" (contain entire facts)
992
+
993
+ Note that Baseline cases are only contained in version 1 of the occlusion test set, since they do not change from experiment to experiment.
994
+
995
+ **Monolingual use of the dataset LowerCourtInsertionSwissJudgmentPrediction**
996
+
997
+ The following data fields are provided for documents (lci_test):
998
+
999
+ id: (**int**) a unique identifier of the for the document
1000
+ year: (**int**) the publication year
1001
+ label: (**str**) the judgment outcome: dismissal or approval
1002
+ language: (**str**) one of (de, fr, it)
1003
+ region: (**str**) the region of the lower court
1004
+ canton: (**str**) the canton of the lower court
1005
+ legal area: (**str**) the legal area of the case
1006
+ explainability_label: (**str**) the explainability label assigned to the occluded text: Lower court, Baseline
1007
+ text: (**str**) the facts of the case w/o the occluded text except for cases w/ explainability label "Baseline" (contain entire facts)
1008
+ lower_court: (**str**) the inserted lower_court (for Baseline there is no insertion)
1009
 
1010
 
1011
  ### Data Splits
1012
 
1013
+ | Language | Subset | Number of Documents (Training/Validation/Test) |
1014
  |------------|------------|------------------------------------------------|
1015
  | German | **de** | 35'452 / 4'705 / 9'725 |
1016
  | French | **fr** | 21'179 / 3'095 / 6'820 |
 
1020
  | MT French | **mt_fr** | 38'524 / 0 / 0 |
1021
  | MT Italian | **mt_it** | 56'631 / 0 / 0 |
1022
  | MT All | **all+mt** | 238'818 / 8'208 / 17'357 |
1023
+ LCI German| **lci_de** | 35'452 / 4'705 / 378 |
1024
+ LCI French | **lci_fr** | 21'179 / 3'095 / 414 |
1025
+ LCI Italian | **lci_it** | 3'072 / 408 / 335 |
1026
+ LCI All | lci+all | 59'709 / 8'208 / 1127 |
1027
+ OCC German| **occ_de_1** | 35'452 / 4'705 / 427 |
1028
+ OCC German| **occ_de_2** | 35'452 / 4'705 / 1366 |
1029
+ OCC German| **occ_de_3**| 35'452 / 4'705 / 3567 |
1030
+ OCC German| **occ_4** | 35'452 / 4'705 / 7235 |
1031
+ OCC French | **occ_1** | 21'179 / 3'095 / 307 |
1032
+ OCC French | **occ_2** | 21'179 / 3'095 / 854 |
1033
+ OCC French | **occ_3** | 21'179 / 3'095 / 1926 |
1034
+ OCC French | **occ_4** | 21'179 / 3'095 / 3279 |
1035
+ OCC Italian | **occ_1** | 3'072 / 408 / 299 |
1036
+ OCC Italian | **occ_2** | 3'072 / 408 / 919 |
1037
+ OCC Italian | **occ_3** | 3'072 / 408 / 2493 |
1038
+ OCC Italian | **occ_4** | 3'072 / 408 / 5733 |
1039
+ OCC All | **occ+all** | 59'709 / 8'208 / 28375 |
1040
+
1041
 
1042
  ## Dataset Creation
1043
 
1044
  ### Curation Rationale
1045
 
1046
+ The dataset was curated by Niklaus et al. (2021) and Nina Baumgartner.
1047
 
1048
  ### Source Data
1049
 
1050
  #### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
1051
 
1052
+ The original data are available at the Swiss Federal Supreme Court (https://www.bger.ch) in unprocessed formats (HTML). The documents were downloaded from the Entscheidsuche portal (https://entscheidsuche.ch) in HTML.
1053
 
1054
  #### Who are the source language producers?
1055
 
 
1059
 
1060
  #### Annotation process
1061
 
1062
+ The decisions have been annotated with the binarized judgment outcome using parsers and regular expressions. In addition a subset of the test set (27 cases in German, 24 in French and 23 in Italian spanning over the years 2017 an 20200) was annotated by legal experts, splitting sentences/group of sentences and annotated with one of the following explainability label: Supports judgment, Opposes Judgment, Neutral and Lower Court. For the occlusion the test sets have each sentence/group of sentence once occluded, enabling an analysis of the changes in the model's performance. The lower court annotations were used the insert each lower court into each case once (instead of the original lower court). Allowing an analysis of the changes in the models performance for each inserted lower court, giving insight into a possible bias among them. The legal expert annotation were conducted from April 2020 to August 2020.
1063
 
1064
  #### Who are the annotators?
1065
 
1066
  Joel Niklaus and Adrian Jörg annotated the binarized judgment outcomes.
1067
  Metadata is published by the Swiss Federal Supreme Court (https://www.bger.ch).
1068
+ The group of legal experts consists of Thomas Lüthi (lawyer), Lynn Grau (law student at master's level) and Angela Stefanelli (law student at master's level).
1069
 
1070
  ### Personal and Sensitive Information
1071
 
 
1131
  }
1132
  ```
1133
 
1134
+ ```
1135
+ @misc{baumgartner_nina_occlusion_2019,
1136
+ title = {From Occlusion to Transparancy – An Occlusion-Based Explainability Approach for Legal Judgment Prediction in Switzerland},
1137
+ shorttitle = {From Occlusion to Transparancy},
1138
+ abstract = {Natural Language Processing ({NLP}) models have been used for more and more complex tasks such as Legal Judgment Prediction ({LJP}). A {LJP} model predicts the outcome of a legal case by utilizing its facts. This increasing deployment of Artificial Intelligence ({AI}) in high-stakes domains such as law and the involvement of sensitive data has increased the need for understanding such systems. We propose a multilingual occlusion-based explainability approach for {LJP} in Switzerland and conduct a study on the bias using Lower Court Insertion ({LCI}). We evaluate our results using different explainability metrics introduced in this thesis and by comparing them to high-quality Legal Expert Annotations using Inter Annotator Agreement. Our findings show that the model has a varying understanding of the semantic meaning and context of the facts section, and struggles to distinguish between legally relevant and irrelevant sentences. We also found that the insertion of a different lower court can have an effect on the prediction, but observed no distinct effects based on legal areas, cantons, or regions. However, we did identify a language disparity with Italian performing worse than the other languages due to representation inequality in the training data, which could lead to potential biases in the prediction in multilingual regions of Switzerland. Our results highlight the challenges and limitations of using {NLP} in the judicial field and the importance of addressing concerns about fairness, transparency, and potential bias in the development and use of {NLP} systems. The use of explainable artificial intelligence ({XAI}) techniques, such as occlusion and {LCI}, can help provide insight into the decision-making processes of {NLP} systems and identify areas for improvement. Finally, we identify areas for future research and development in this field in order to address the remaining limitations and challenges.},
1139
+ author = {{Baumgartner, Nina}},
1140
+ year = {2022},
1141
+ langid = {english}
1142
+ }
1143
+ ```
1144
+
1145
  ### Contributions
1146
 
1147
+ Thanks to [@joelniklaus](https://github.com/joelniklaus) and [@ninabaumgartner](https://github.com/ninabaumgartner) for adding this dataset.
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