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mini-platypus-scienceqa-two

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### Instruction: Guitar makers use a special kind of wood to build their instruments. But the trees that produce that kind of wood are running out. Over time, what will probably happen to the overall supply of new guitars? A: The supply will probably go up. B: The supply will probably go down. ### Response:

Wood is a resource that is used to make guitars. The trees that produce wood for guitars are running out, so this kind of wood will be harder to get. Since this kind of wood is becoming harder to get, it will be harder to make new guitars. So, over time, the supply of new guitars will probably go down.

### Instruction: Which sentence states a fact? A: Diamond Head crater in Hawaii attracts about 900,000 visitors annually. B: The hour-long hike up Diamond Head crater is too strenuous. ### Response:

The first sentence states a fact. It can be verified by looking up how many people visit Diamond Head crater every year. Diamond Head crater in Hawaii attracts about 900,000 visitors annually. The second sentence states an opinion. Too strenuous indicates a personal judgment. The hour-long hike up Diamond Head crater is too strenuous.

### Instruction: Where are the main offices of the federal government? A: in New York City B: in Washington, D.C. C: in Los Angeles, California D: in Chicago, Illinois ### Response:

The main offices of the federal government are in Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C., is the capital of the United States. A capital city is where the major government offices are. Washington, D.C., is on the East Coast, between Virginia and Maryland. The letters "D.C." stand for District of Columbia. The District of Columbia is a special area that is not a part of any state. Washington, D.C.

### Instruction: Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference? A: Colonel Tom Parker was Elvis Presley's manager until Presley's death in 1977. B: Colonel Tom Parker was Elvis Presley's manager until his death in 1977. ### Response:

The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun his could refer to Colonel Tom Parker or Elvis Presley. The second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. His has been replaced with Presley's. Colonel Tom Parker was Elvis Presley's manager until Presley's death in 1977.

### Instruction: Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference? A: When Brian tried to explain the complicated equation to Steven, his head started spinning. B: Steven's head started spinning when Brian tried to explain the complicated equation to him. ### Response:

The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun him could refer to Brian or Steven. When Brian tried to explain the complicated equation to Steven, his head started spinning. The second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear. Steven's head started spinning when Brian tried to explain the complicated equation to him.

### Instruction: Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference? A: Alice and her husband met Jill for lunch at a small café around the block from her office. B: Alice and her husband met Jill for lunch at a small café around the block from Jill's office. ### Response:

The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun her could refer to Alice or Jill. The first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. Her has been replaced with Jill's. Alice and her husband met Jill for lunch at a small café around the block from Jill's office.

### Instruction: What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below? Ellie anticipated that the free makeover her friend was promising would turn out to be a Trojan horse. A: British history B: Greek mythology ### Response:

The source of the allusion Trojan horse is Greek mythology. In Greek mythology, the Greek army tricks the Trojan army into taking a large wooden horse into their carefully guarded city. The horse turns out to be filled with Greek warriors who, once inside the city of Troy, open the gates to the Greek army waiting outside. The allusion Trojan horse means a deceptive or harmful offering.

### Instruction: Local governments serve which places? A: countries B: towns, cities, and counties C: states ### Response:

Local governments serve counties, cities, and towns. What is a county? Most states are divided into areas called counties. For example, here is a map of the counties in Florida: Two states have different names for counties. Louisiana is divided into parishes. Alaska is divided into boroughs. In most states, county governments are the highest level of local government. But some states do not have county governments at all. In these states, town and city governments are the highest level of local government.

### Instruction: Complete the statement. Ethane is (). A: an elementary substance B: a compound ### Response:

You can tell whether ethane is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of atomic symbols in its chemical formula. An atomic symbol consists of either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters. The chemical formula for ethane, C2 H6, contains two atomic symbols: C for carbon and H for hydrogen. So, the formula tells you that ethane is composed of two chemical elements bonded together. Since ethane is composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together, ethane is a compound.

### Instruction: Which sentence states a fact? A: The ancient Maya people believed that chocolate was the food of the gods. B: The ancient Maya people of Central America had some peculiar ideas about chocolate. ### Response:

The first sentence states a fact. The ancient Maya people believed that chocolate was the food of the gods. It can be proved by looking in books about Mayan beliefs. The second sentence states an opinion. The ancient Maya people of Central America had some peculiar ideas about chocolate. Peculiar shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what is peculiar.

### Instruction: Which sentence states a fact? A: The Grand Canyon was carved by the Colorado River. B: The Grand Canyon is the most breathtaking place the United States. ### Response:

The second sentence states a fact. The Grand Canyon was carved by the Colorado River. It can be proved by visiting the Grand Canyon National Park website. The first sentence states an opinion. The Grand Canyon is the most breathtaking place the United States. Most breathtaking shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what is breathtaking.

### Instruction: What does the allusion in this text suggest? Romeo, take me somewhere we can be alone. I'll be waiting; all that's left to do is run. —Taylor Swift, "Love Story" A: The speaker has been waiting for a long time. B: The speaker loves someone she is forbidden to see. ### Response:

The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known. The allusion Romeo suggests that the speaker loves someone she is forbidden to see. Shakespeare's Romeo is deeply in love with Juliet, but their warring families try to keep them apart.

### Instruction: What does the simile in this text suggest? The president said that his belief in freedom of expression is as solid as the ground we stand on. A: The president's belief in freedom of expression is firm and unwavering. B: The president's belief in freedom of expression is recorded in a document. ### Response:

The text includes a simile, using like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike. The simile solid as the ground we stand on suggests that the president's belief in freedom of expression is firm and unwavering. The ground is solid and firm, which indicates that the president's belief is, too.

### Instruction: Complete the statement. Palladium is (). A: a compound B: an elementary substance ### Response:

You can tell whether palladium is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of symbols in its chemical formula. A symbol contains either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters. The chemical formula for palladium is Pd. This formula contains one symbol: Pd. So, the formula tells you that palladium is made of one chemical element. Substances made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. So, palladium is an elementary substance.

### Instruction: What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below? Jacob dropped out of college to travel the world, but a year later, the prodigal son returned home and re-enrolled. A: British history B: the Bible ### Response:

The source of the allusion prodigal son is the Bible. In a Biblical parable, the prodigal son irresponsibly spends the inheritance given to him by his father. When he returns home, he expects to be shamed, but his father forgives him. The allusion prodigal son means a person who behaves recklessly but later makes a repentant return.

### Instruction: Last year, canvas shoes were in style. This year, all the fashion magazines are showing leather shoes. What will probably happen to the overall supply of leather shoes over the next year? A: The supply will probably go up. B: The supply will probably go down. ### Response:

Producers know that consumers like to buy goods that are in style. They expect that leather shoes will be in style this year. So, there is an expected change in demand for leather shoes. Producers want to sell as many pairs of leather shoes as they can. So, the supply of leather shoes will probably go up.

### Instruction: The mom and dad push the strollers at the same speed. Which stroller is pushed with a larger force? A: a stroller with kid that weighs 22 pounds B: a stroller with kid that weighs 28 pounds ### Response:

Look for the stroller that is heavier. A stroller holding a kid that weighs 28 pounds is heavier than a stroller holding a kid that weighs 22 pounds. So, the stroller holding the kid that weighs 28 pounds needs to be pushed with a larger force to start moving forward at the same speed as the other other stroller.

### Instruction: Select the one substance that is not a mineral. A: Cheese is made by humans. It is a solid. B: Calcite is a pure substance. It is a solid. C: Biotite is formed in nature. It is a pure substance. ### Response:

Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of minerals. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of minerals. Calcite is a mineral. Cheese is made by humans. But minerals are not made by living things. So, cheese is not a mineral. Biotite is a mineral.

### Instruction: Which logical fallacy is used in the text? Of course you don't like rap or hip-hop music! You wear the same clothes every day and have zero fashion sense. A: circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself B: ad hominem: a personal attack against one's opponent ### Response:

The text argues that a person's clothing determines whether she will like rap or hip-hop music. This is a personal attack that isn't relevant to why someone would like or dislike a certain kind of music. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as ad hominem.

### Instruction: Is there a sentence fragment? When the Albuquerque International Balloon Fiesta began in 1972, only thirteen hot air balloons took to the sky. The festival drew more than five hundred ballooning teams in 2014. A: no B: yes ### Response:

There is not a sentence fragment. These are complete sentences because they express complete thoughts. When the Albuquerque International Balloon Fiesta began in 1972, only thirteen hot air balloons took to the sky. The festival drew more than five hundred ballooning teams in 2014.

### Instruction: Select the one substance that is not a rock. A: A computer processor is made by humans. It is not a pure substance. B: Slate is not a pure substance. It is a solid. C: Calcarenite is not a pure substance. It is formed in nature. ### Response:

Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of rocks. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of rocks. Calcarenite is a rock. Slate is a rock. A computer processor is made by humans. But rocks are not made by living things. So, a computer processor is not a rock.

### Instruction: Which sentence states a fact? A: The mummy of King Tut was discovered in 1922. B: King Tut was a weak and unimportant ruler. ### Response:

The first sentence states a fact. The mummy of King Tut was discovered in 1922. It can be proved by reading a book or an article about King Tut. The second sentence states an opinion. King Tut was a weak and unimportant ruler. Weak and unimportant shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what kind of ruler King Tut was.

### Instruction: Is this a run-on sentence? In 2014, researchers discovered forgotten satellite images of Earth from the early 1960s that, when compared with recent satellite photographs, reveal how humans have altered the face of the planet. A: no B: yes ### Response:

This is not a run-on sentence. It is not formed from two sentences that have been run together without appropriate punctuation. In 2014, researchers discovered forgotten satellite images of Earth from the early 1960 s that, when compared with recent satellite photographs, reveal how humans have altered the face of the planet.

### Instruction: What does the allusion in this text suggest? Al Gore had a long career in politics as a congressman and vice president, but he met his Waterloo in the 2000 presidential election, when he lost to George W. Bush. A: He suffered a crushing defeat. B: He had his finest moment. ### Response:

The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known. The allusion met his Waterloo suggests that he suffered a crushing defeat. It refers to the French emperor Napoleon, who suffered his final defeat at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815.

### Instruction: Does this passage describe the weather or the climate? On May 5, 1964, in central Nebraska, there was a tornado with wind speeds over 200 miles per hour! A: climate B: weather ### Response:

Read the text carefully. On May 5, 1964, in central Nebraska, there was a tornado with wind speeds over 200 miles per hour! This passage tells you about the wind speed in central Nebraska on May 5, 1964. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.

### Instruction: Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference? A: Rachel and her sister posed for a photograph, but when the flash went off, Rachel blinked. B: Rachel and her sister posed for a photograph, but when the flash went off, she blinked. ### Response:

The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun she could refer to Rachel or her sister. The first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. She has been replaced with Rachel. Rachel and her sister posed for a photograph, but when the flash went off, Rachel blinked.

### Instruction: What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below? "Michael's personality is very Jekyll and Hyde," Carrie told her brother. A: U.S. history B: literature ### Response:

The source of the allusion Jekyll and Hyde is literature. Robert Louis Stevenson's popular Victorian novella Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde tells the story of a man with two distinct personalities. Known to the world as a kind and highly respected doctor, at night he transforms into a monstrous person. The allusion Jekyll and Hyde means kind then cruel.

### Instruction: Compare the motion of two runners. Which runner was moving at a lower speed? A: a runner who moved 35miles in 5hours B: a runner who moved 25miles in 5hours ### Response:

Look at the distance each runner moved and the time it took to move that distance. One runner moved 25 miles in 5 hours. The other runner moved 35 miles in 5 hours. Notice that each runner spent the same amount of time moving. The runner who moved 25 miles moved a shorter distance in that time. So, that runner must have moved at a lower speed.

### Instruction: Complete the statement. Assume that the car's mass did not change. The gravitational potential energy stored between the car and Earth () as the car slowed to a stop. A: decreased B: stayed the same C: increased ### Response:

Think about how the distance between the car and the center of Earth changed. Because the road was flat, each point on the road was the same distance from the center of Earth. As the car slowed to a stop, the distance between the car and the center of Earth stayed the same. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between the car and Earth stayed the same as the car slowed to a stop.

### Instruction: Which sentence states a fact? A: Rainforests supply one out of every four ingredients used in modern medicine. B: People rely too heavily on the resources that rainforests provide. ### Response:

The second sentence states a fact. Rainforests supply one out of every four ingredients used in modern medicine. It can be proved by looking up where medicines come from. The first sentence states an opinion. People rely too heavily on the resources that rainforests provide. Too heavily shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about how much people should rely on these resources.

### Instruction: Which sentence uses a metaphor? A: Our boots were muddy pig's hooves. B: Our boots were as muddy as a pig's hooves. ### Response:

This sentence uses a metaphor: Our boots were muddy pig's hooves. The words boots and pig's hooves are compared without the word like or as. This sentence uses a simile: Our boots were as muddy as a pig's hooves. The words boots and pig's hooves are compared using the word as.

### Instruction: Which sentence states a fact? A: A shark's skeleton is made of cartilage, not bone. B: Sharks are the most savage hunters in all of nature. ### Response:

The second sentence states a fact. A shark's skeleton is made of cartilage, not bone. It can be proved by reading a book about sharks. The first sentence states an opinion. Sharks are the most savage hunters in all of nature. Most savage shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what makes an animal savage.

### Instruction: Complete the statement. Assume that the sled's mass did not change. The gravitational potential energy stored between the sled and Earth () as Michelle rode down the hill. A: stayed the same B: decreased C: increased ### Response:

Think about how the distance between the sled and the center of Earth changed. The bottom of the hill was lower than the point where Michelle started sledding. As Michelle rode toward the bottom of the hill, the distance between the sled and the center of Earth decreased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between the sled and Earth decreased as Michelle rode down the hill.

### Instruction: Last year, 50,000 people lived in the city of Belmont. But since then, 8,000 people have moved away. What probably happened to the overall supply of houses for sale in Belmont? A: The supply probably went up. B: The supply probably went down. ### Response:

The population of Belmont fell by 8,000 people. Many of the people who have left are probably trying to sell their houses. Since more people are trying to sell their houses, the number of suppliers of houses for sale in Belmont has gone up. So, the supply of houses for sale probably went up, too.

### Instruction: What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below? By the time Sarah had finished explaining to Mr. Kramer what had happened, her friends were laughingly referring to her as Scheherazade. A: ancient legend B: the Bible ### Response:

The source of the allusion Scheherazade is ancient legend. The Arabian Nights presents the ancient legend of how Scheherazade successfully postpones her imminent death by mesmerizing her captor with a thousand and one fascinating tales. The allusion Scheherazade means a person who uses his or her arts to distract someone and avoid consequences.

### Instruction: Judaism (JU-dee-izm) is a religion that has existed for thousands of years. What are people who practice Judaism called? A: Jains B: Christians C: Jews D: Hindus ### Response:

Today, people who practice Judaism, or actively follow its teachings and traditions, are called Jews. But there are also many Jews who don't take part in religious practices. These people may still think of themselves as Jews because of their ancestry, or family history. Early in Jewish history, ancestors of the first Jews were known as Hebrews and then Israelites.

### Instruction: Last year, 50,000 people lived in the city of Westford. But since then, 8,000 people have moved away. What probably happened to the overall supply of houses for sale in Westford? A: The supply probably went up. B: The supply probably went down. ### Response:

The population of Westford fell by 8,000 people. Many of the people who have left are probably trying to sell their houses. Since more people are trying to sell their houses, the number of suppliers of houses for sale in Westford has gone up. So, the supply of houses for sale probably went up, too.

### Instruction: Which sentence states a fact? A: Katharine Graham deserved to win a Pulitzer Prize in 1998. B: Katharine Graham was the first female CEO of a Fortune 500 company. ### Response:

The second sentence states a fact. It can be verified by looking up the history of CEOs of Fortune 500 companies. Katharine Graham was the first female CEO of a Fortune 500 company. The first sentence states an opinion. Deserved indicates a personal judgment. Katharine Graham deserved to win a Pulitzer Prize in 1998.

### Instruction: Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference? A: After Annie scolded Amy for missing the deadline, she felt awful. B: Annie felt awful after she scolded Amy for missing the deadline. ### Response:

The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun she could refer to Annie or Amy. After Annie scolded Amy for missing the deadline, she felt awful. The second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear. Annie felt awful after she scolded Amy for missing the deadline.

### Instruction: Suppose Haley decides to see the leopards. Which result would be a cost? A: Haley will spend more time walking to the leopards. They are on the other side of the zoo, but the elephants are close by. B: Haley will enjoy seeing the leopards more than she would have enjoyed seeing the elephants. ### Response:

This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Haley wants or needs: Haley will spend more time walking to the leopards. They are on the other side of the zoo, but the elephants are close by.

### Instruction: Which sentence states a fact? A: Jackie Robinson is the greatest baseball player in modern major league baseball history. B: Jackie Robinson was the first African American baseball player in modern major league baseball. ### Response:

The first sentence states a fact. Jackie Robinson was the first African American baseball player in modern major league baseball. It can be proved by reading a book about the history of baseball. The second sentence states an opinion. Jackie Robinson is the greatest baseball player in modern major league baseball history. Greatest shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what makes a baseball player great.

### Instruction: Which sentence states a fact? A: Brazil's flag is green with a yellow diamond and a blue circle. B: The design of Brazil's flag reflects a lack of imagination. ### Response:

The second sentence states a fact. Brazil's flag is green with a yellow diamond and a blue circle. It can be proved by looking at a Brazilian flag. The first sentence states an opinion. The design of Brazil's flag reflects a lack of imagination. Lack of imagination shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about how imaginative the design is.

### Instruction: What does the personification in this text suggest? There was never a sound beside the wood but one, And that was my long scythe whispering to the ground. —Robert Frost, "Mowing" A: The scythe gently touched the ground. B: The scythe made a soft swishing sound. ### Response:

The text uses personification, giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. Whispering suggests that the scythe made a soft swishing sound. A whisper is a quiet way of speaking, and a scythe cutting through grass would make a gentle swishing sound similar to a whisper.

### Instruction: Which logical fallacy is used in the text? Vincent, you didn't vote in the last election, so you clearly have no regard for the democracy in which we live. A: false dichotomy: an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist B: ad hominem: a personal attack against one's opponent ### Response:

The text argues that Vincent must not care about democracy, because he didn't vote in the election. However, there may be a number of reasons why Vincent didn't vote in the election. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a false dichotomy.

### Instruction: What does the allusion in this text suggest? Liam seems to have the Midas touch. Without any special experience or training, he launched a thriving business and then established a well-respected charity. A: Liam is successful at all that he does. B: Liam has a hands-on approach to his work. ### Response:

The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known. The allusion the Midas touch suggests that Liam is successful at all that he does. In Greek mythology, King Midas has the power to turn anything he touches into gold, easily creating value from nothing.

### Instruction: When was Harriet Tubman born? A: the 1820s B: the 1610s C: the 1910s D: the 1490s ### Response:

Harriet Tubman was born in the 1820 s. She was born about 40 years before the Civil War. The Civil War was fought from 1861 to 1865. During the 1820 s, slavery was still allowed. It was also spreading into new parts of the country. Many people worried that it might last forever.

### Instruction: Complete the statement. Assume that the gecko's mass did not change. The gravitational potential energy stored between the gecko and Earth () as the gecko crawled on the window. A: stayed the same B: decreased C: increased ### Response:

Think about how the distance between the gecko and the center of Earth changed. The top of the window is higher than the bottom of the window. As the gecko crawled toward the top of the window, the distance between the gecko and the center of Earth increased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between the gecko and Earth increased as the gecko crawled on the window.

### Instruction: Which sentence states a fact? A: The First World War was waged for no good reason. B: The First World War began in 1914 and ended in 1918. ### Response:

The first sentence states a fact. The First World War began in 1914 and ended in 1918. It can be proved by reading a book about the First World War. The second sentence states an opinion. The First World War was waged for no good reason. Good shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about whether or not reasons are good.

### Instruction: What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below? When I learned the details of Lillian's Faustian bargain, I was in disbelief. A: literature B: Roman mythology ### Response:

The source of the allusion Faustian bargain is literature. In a play by Christopher Marlowe based on the legend of Faust, a man strikes a deal with the devil. Disregarding the long-term consequences of his actions, he sells his soul in exchange for power. The allusion Faustian bargain means a compromise of one's values for personal gain.

### Instruction: Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference? A: Right after Martina bought the book for her literature class, she dropped it. B: Right after she bought it, Martina dropped the book for her literature class. ### Response:

The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it could refer to the book or the class. Right after Martina bought the book for her literature class, she dropped it. The second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear. Right after she bought it, Martina dropped the book for her literature class.

### Instruction: Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference? A: For many sitcoms, sound engineers use a laugh track to simulate the laughter of a live studio audience. B: For many sitcoms, they use a laugh track to simulate the laughter of a live studio audience. ### Response:

The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun they is used without its antecedent. The second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. They has been replaced with sound engineers. For many sitcoms, sound engineers use a laugh track to simulate the laughter of a live studio audience.

### Instruction: Select the one substance that is not a rock. A: Brass is made by humans. It is not a pure substance. B: Shale is a solid. It is not a pure substance. C: Granodiorite is not a pure substance. It is a solid. ### Response:

Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of rocks. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of rocks. Brass is made by humans. But rocks are not made by living things. So, brass is not a rock. Granodiorite is a rock. Shale is a rock.

### Instruction: Which logical fallacy is used in the text? Right after Edgar moved into the apartment, our washing machine broke. He'd better tell us how he broke it. A: ad hominem: a personal attack against one's opponent B: false causation: the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other ### Response:

The text argues that Edgar is responsible for the broken washing machine. However, the fact that the machine stopped working soon after Edgar moved in doesn't necessarily mean that he caused the machine to break. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as false causation.

### Instruction: Select the living thing. A: echidna B: flower pot ### Response:

An echidna is a living thing. Echidnas grow and respond to the world around them. They need food and water. Echidnas are mammals. Most mammals give birth to live young, but echidnas lay eggs! Egg-laying mammals are called monotremes. A flower pot is not a living thing. Flower pots do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to the world around them. They do not need food or water.

### Instruction: Which type of sentence is this? We can watch the presidential debate, which will be broadcast at nine o'clock, or we can view the documentary about the greatest innovations of the twenty-first century. A: compound B: simple C: complex D: compound-complex ### Response:

The sentence is compound-complex. It is made up of two independent clauses and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the relative pronoun which. We can watch the presidential debate, which will be broadcast at nine o'clock, or we can view the documentary about the greatest innovations of the twenty-first century.

### Instruction: Ken starts to pull the wagon across the yard. To move the wagon at the same speed each time, which friend does Ken need to pull with a larger force? A: a friend who weighs 32 pounds B: a friend who weighs 25 pounds ### Response:

Look for the friend who is heavier. A friend who weighs 32 pounds is heavier than a friend who weighs 25 pounds. So, to move the wagon at the same speed each time, Ken needs to use a larger force to start moving the wagon with a friend who weighs 32 pounds.

### Instruction: Suppose Cameron decides to plant the amaryllises. Which result would be a cost? A: Cameron will give up the chance to look at the magnolia tree. He thinks it would have looked more beautiful than the amaryllises. B: He will save some space. The amaryllises will use up less space than the magnolia tree would have used up. ### Response:

This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Cameron wants or needs: Cameron will give up the chance to look at the magnolia tree. He thinks it would have looked more beautiful than the amaryllises.

### Instruction: Which sentence uses a simile? A: Mr. Dotson's long legs were sunflower stalks. B: Mr. Dotson's legs were as long as sunflower stalks. ### Response:

This sentence uses a simile: Mr. Dotson's legs were as long as sunflower stalks. The words legs and sunflower stalks are compared using the word as. This sentence uses a metaphor: Mr. Dotson's long legs were sunflower stalks. The words legs and sunflower stalks are compared without the word like or as.

### Instruction: Suppose Alec decides to join the Theater Club. Which result would be a cost? A: Alec will save some time. He would have spent more time in the Photography Club than in the Theater Club. B: Alec will give up the chance to be in the Photography Club. He would have had more fun in the Photography Club than in the Theater Club. ### Response:

This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Alec wants or needs: Alec will give up the chance to be in the Photography Club. He would have had more fun in the Photography Club than in the Theater Club.

### Instruction: Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference? A: Lisa asked Annie to volunteer at the event, so her absence today is a surprise. B: Lisa asked Annie to volunteer at the event, so Annie's absence today is a surprise. ### Response:

The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun her could refer to Lisa's or Annie's. The second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. Her has been replaced with Annie's. Lisa asked Annie to volunteer at the event, so Annie's absence today is a surprise.

### Instruction: Which sentence states a fact? A: Alexander Graham Bell invented the electric telephone in the 1870s. B: The telephone was the greatest invention of its time. ### Response:

The first sentence states a fact. Alexander Graham Bell invented the electric telephone in the 1870 s. It can be proved by reading a book about Alexander Graham Bell. The second sentence states an opinion. The telephone was the greatest invention of its time. Greatest shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what the greatest invention was.

### Instruction: Which logical fallacy is used in the text? Animals tread softly upon the earth without shoes, so all other living beings should follow suit. A: appeal to nature: the assumption that natural things are always good B: false causation: the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other ### Response:

The text argues that people shouldn't wear shoes, because animals don't wear shoes. However, even though animals don't wear shoes, that doesn't necessarily mean that people shouldn't, either. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as an appeal to nature.

### Instruction: Which figure of speech is used in this text? I was helpless. I did not know what in the world to do. I was quaking from head to foot, and I could have hung my hat on my eyes, they stuck out so far. —Mark Twain, Old Times on the Mississippi A: hyperbole B: euphemism ### Response:

The text uses hyperbole, an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally. Could have hung my hat on my eyes, they stuck out so far is an exaggeration, since the speaker probably could not have literally hung his hat on his eyes.

### Instruction: Which sentence states a fact? A: Zebras look funny when they chew grass. B: A zebra's teeth keep growing as long as the zebra lives. ### Response:

The first sentence states a fact. A zebra's teeth keep growing as long as the zebra lives. It can be proved by looking up information about zebras. The second sentence states an opinion. Zebras look funny when they chew grass. Funny shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about how zebras look when they eat.

### Instruction: Suppose Toby decides to see the eagles. Which result would be a cost? A: Toby will spend more time walking to the eagles. They are on the other side of the zoo, but the baboons are close by. B: Toby will enjoy seeing the eagles more than he would have enjoyed seeing the baboons. ### Response:

This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Toby wants or needs: Toby will spend more time walking to the eagles. They are on the other side of the zoo, but the baboons are close by.

### Instruction: Which sentence states a fact? A: During the summer months, volleyball is more fun to play than basketball. B: A physical fitness teacher came up with the idea for volleyball. ### Response:

The second sentence states a fact. A physical fitness teacher came up with the idea for volleyball. It can be proved by reading a book about volleyball. The first sentence states an opinion. During the summer months, volleyball is more fun to play than basketball. More fun shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about which game is more fun.

### Instruction: Which type of sentence is this? Lorraine Hansberry wrote the widely acclaimed 1959 Broadway play A Raisin in the Sun, and her accomplishment opened the door for other African American playwrights. A: compound B: complex C: simple D: compound-complex ### Response:

The sentence is compound. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction and. Lorraine Hansberry wrote the widely acclaimed 1959 Broadway play A Raisin in the Sun, and her accomplishment opened the door for other African American playwrights.

### Instruction: Complete the statement. Xenon is (). A: an elementary substance B: a compound ### Response:

You can tell whether xenon is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of symbols in its chemical formula. A symbol contains either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters. The chemical formula for xenon is Xe. This formula contains one symbol: Xe. So, the formula tells you that xenon is made of one chemical element. Substances made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. So, xenon is an elementary substance.

### Instruction: Complete the statement. Assume that the robin's mass did not change. The gravitational potential energy stored between the robin and Earth () as the robin flew to the tree branch. A: increased B: decreased C: stayed the same ### Response:

Think about how the distance between the robin and the center of Earth changed. The tree branch is higher than the land below the tree. As the robin flew toward the tree branch, the distance between the robin and the center of Earth increased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between the robin and Earth increased as the robin flew to the tree branch.

### Instruction: Which sentence states a fact? A: Lions deserve to live in the wild and not in zoos. B: In the wild, lions hunt zebra and other large prey. ### Response:

The first sentence states a fact. In the wild, lions hunt zebra and other large prey. It can be proved by reading a book about lions. The second sentence states an opinion. Lions deserve to live in the wild and not in zoos. Deserve shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what lions deserve.

### Instruction: Which sentence states a fact? A: Dragonflies look like giant wasps, but creepier. B: Dragonflies have lived on earth for three hundred million years. ### Response:

The first sentence states a fact. Dragonflies have lived on earth for three hundred million years. It can be proved by looking up information about dragonflies. The second sentence states an opinion. Dragonflies look like giant wasps, but creepier. Creepier shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about whether dragonflies look creepy.

### Instruction: Which sentence states a fact? A: The giant anteater uses its sticky tongue to grab insects. B: The eating habits of the giant anteater are disgusting. ### Response:

The first sentence states a fact. The giant anteater uses its sticky tongue to grab insects. It can be proved by looking up information about anteaters. The second sentence states an opinion. The eating habits of the giant anteater are disgusting. Disgusting shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what is disgusting.

### Instruction: Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference? A: Scott washed the windshield of his car even though he knew it would just get dirty again. B: Scott washed the windshield of his car even though he knew the car would just get dirty again. ### Response:

The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it could refer to the windshield or the car. The first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with the car. Scott washed the windshield of his car even though he knew the car would just get dirty again.

### Instruction: Which sentence states a fact? A: Rattlesnakes are the most dangerous reptiles. B: Rattlesnakes use their rattles to warn other animals. ### Response:

The second sentence states a fact. Rattlesnakes use their rattles to warn other animals. It can be proved by looking up information about rattlesnakes. The first sentence states an opinion. Rattlesnakes are the most dangerous reptiles. Most dangerous shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about which reptiles are the most dangerous.

### Instruction: Which logical fallacy is used in the text? I'm not surprised, frankly, that someone who gets lost in his own neighborhood would argue that New York has better pizza than Chicago. A: ad hominem: a personal attack against one's opponent B: circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself ### Response:

The text argues that people who like New York pizza are likely to have a poor sense of direction. This is a personal attack that isn't relevant to which type of pizza is better. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as ad hominem.

### Instruction: What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below? Vince's remark about your new car is clearly a case of sour grapes. A: a fable B: Greek mythology ### Response:

The source of the allusion sour grapes is a fable. In the fable "The Fox and the Grapes," a fox tries unsuccessfully to reach a bunch of grapes. Because he cannot reach them and therefore cannot eat them, he tells himself that they must be sour. The allusion sour grapes means criticizing something because you can't have it.

### Instruction: Select the one substance that is not a rock. A: Syenite is a solid. It is not a pure substance. B: Phyllite is not a pure substance. It is a solid. C: Burlap is made in a factory. It is a solid. ### Response:

Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of rocks. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of rocks. Syenite is a rock. Burlap is made in a factory. But all rocks are formed in nature. So, burlap is not a rock. Phyllite is a rock.

### Instruction: Suppose Owen decides to plant the daffodils. Which result would be a cost? A: He will save some space. The daffodils will use up less space than the elm tree would have used up. B: Owen will give up the chance to look at the elm tree. He thinks it would have looked more beautiful than the daffodils. ### Response:

This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Owen wants or needs: Owen will give up the chance to look at the elm tree. He thinks it would have looked more beautiful than the daffodils.

### Instruction: Complete the statement. Fluorine is (). A: a compound B: an elementary substance ### Response:

You can tell whether fluorine is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of atomic symbols in its chemical formula. An atomic symbol consists of either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters. The chemical formula for fluorine, F2, contains one atomic symbol: F. So, the formula tells you that fluorine is composed of only one chemical element. Since fluorine is composed of only one chemical element, fluorine is an elementary substance.

### Instruction: Which sentence states a fact? A: It was a bad idea for the British to fight in North America during the Revolution. B: During the American Revolution, North American colonists fought against British soldiers. ### Response:

The second sentence states a fact. During the American Revolution, North American colonists fought against British soldiers. It can be proved by researching the American Revolution. The first sentence states an opinion. It was a bad idea for the British to fight in North America during the Revolution. Bad shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about whether an idea is good or bad.

### Instruction: What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below? The mayoral candidate was widely viewed as quixotic, so it was no surprise that he lost by a substantial margin. A: Greek mythology B: literature ### Response:

The source of the allusion quixotic is literature. Don Quixote is the main character in Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra's novel of the same name. Quixote cannot see the world as it truly is; in his overly romanticized view, inns are castles and windmills are giants. The allusion quixotic means naively idealistic.

### Instruction: Which sentence states a fact? A: Monarch butterflies have orange wings with black and white markings. B: It is wrong to catch monarch butterflies or any other insect. ### Response:

The first sentence states a fact. Monarch butterflies have orange wings with black and white markings. It can be proved by observing monarch butterflies. The second sentence states an opinion. It is wrong to catch monarch butterflies or any other insect. Wrong shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what is right or wrong.

### Instruction: Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference? A: Olivia took the memory card out of the digital camera and put the card in her desk drawer. B: Olivia took the memory card out of the digital camera and put it in her desk drawer. ### Response:

The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it could refer to the memory card or the digital camera. The first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with the card. Olivia took the memory card out of the digital camera and put the card in her desk drawer.

### Instruction: Which sentence states a fact? A: Hurricane Rita was the worst storm in history. B: Hurricanes are tropical storms with strong winds and heavy rains. ### Response:

The second sentence states a fact. Hurricanes are tropical storms with strong winds and heavy rains. It can be proved by looking up hurricane in the dictionary. The first sentence states an opinion. Hurricane Rita was the worst storm in history. Worst shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what makes one storm worse than others.

### Instruction: Which sentence states a fact? A: The Canadian national anthem is difficult to sing. B: "O Canada," the Canadian national anthem, was written in 1880. ### Response:

The first sentence states a fact. "O Canada," the Canadian national anthem, was written in 1880. It can be proved by looking up when "O Canada" was written. The second sentence states an opinion. The Canadian national anthem is difficult to sing. Difficult shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what makes a song difficult to sing.

### Instruction: Which sentence states a fact? A: Harriet Tubman is the most important person in American history. B: Harriet Tubman led enslaved people to freedom. ### Response:

The second sentence states a fact. Harriet Tubman led enslaved people to freedom. It can be proved by reading a history book about Harriet Tubman. The first sentence states an opinion. Harriet Tubman is the most important person in American history. Most important shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what makes people important.

### Instruction: Suppose Isabelle decides to see the storks. Which result would be a cost? A: Isabelle will enjoy seeing the storks more than she would have enjoyed seeing the cranes. B: Isabelle will spend more time walking to the storks. They are on the other side of the zoo, but the cranes are close by. ### Response:

This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Isabelle wants or needs: Isabelle will spend more time walking to the storks. They are on the other side of the zoo, but the cranes are close by.

### Instruction: What does the simile in this text suggest? A simple change of scenery can be like an ice-cold lemonade on a warm summer day. A: Spending time in a different place is refreshing. B: A cold climate is invigorating. ### Response:

The text includes a simile, using like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike. The simile like an ice-cold lemonade suggests that spending time in a different place is refreshing. An ice-cold lemonade can make you feel better, and so can a change of scenery.

### Instruction: What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below? Much to our shock, Erik chose to turn the other cheek when Cora insulted him in a meeting. A: a song B: the Bible ### Response:

The source of the allusion turn the other cheek is the Bible. In the Bible, Jesus counsels his followers to resist retaliation. He says that if they are struck on the right cheek, they shouldn't lash out; instead, they should turn the other cheek toward their attacker. The allusion turn the other cheek means to respond without aggression.

### Instruction: What does the simile in this text suggest? Samantha rubbed coconut oil on her hands, which were like the parched earth during a drought. A: Samantha's hands were dry and cracked. B: Samantha was baking something. ### Response:

The text includes a simile, using like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike. The simile like the parched earth during a drought suggests that Samantha's hands were dry and cracked. A drought is a period without rain; the ground during a drought can become hard and cracked.

### Instruction: Which sentence states a fact? A: Tomatoes can be red, pink, yellow, purple, white, or black. B: Red tomatoes taste better when they are cooked. ### Response:

The first sentence states a fact. Tomatoes can be red, pink, yellow, purple, white, or black. It can be proved by checking a website about tomatoes. The second sentence states an opinion. Red tomatoes taste better when they are cooked. Better shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about whether cooked red tomatoes taste better.

### Instruction: A recent news story said a healthy diet is the key to living longer. It said people should eat less meat and more vegetables. What will probably happen to the overall supply of vegetables over the next year? A: The supply will probably go down. B: The supply will probably go up. ### Response:

Most people want to live longer, healthier lives. The news story said that it is healthier to eat less meat and more vegetables. So, there is an expected change in demand for vegetables. Producers will want to sell as many vegetables as they can. So, the supply of vegetables will probably go up.

### Instruction: Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference? A: Moray eels look like snakes, but snakes belong to a different class of the animal kingdom. B: Moray eels look like snakes, but they belong to a different class of the animal kingdom. ### Response:

The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun they could refer to moray eels or snakes. The first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. They has been replaced with snakes. Moray eels look like snakes, but snakes belong to a different class of the animal kingdom.

### Instruction: Which sentence states a fact? A: The Jamestown colony was founded in 1607. B: Life was harder in Jamestown than in Plymouth. ### Response:

The first sentence states a fact. The Jamestown colony was founded in 1607. It can be proved by looking up when the Jamestown colony was started. The second sentence states an opinion. Life was harder in Jamestown than in Plymouth. Hard shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what makes life easy or hard.

### Instruction: Complete the statement. Titanium is (). A: a compound B: an elementary substance ### Response:

You can tell whether titanium is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of symbols in its chemical formula. A symbol contains either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters. The chemical formula for titanium is Ti. This formula contains one symbol: Ti. So, the formula tells you that titanium is made of one chemical element. Substances made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. So, titanium is an elementary substance.

### Instruction: Complete the statement. Rhenium is (). A: a compound B: an elementary substance ### Response:

You can tell whether rhenium is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of symbols in its chemical formula. A symbol contains either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters. The chemical formula for rhenium is Re. This formula contains one symbol: Re. So, the formula tells you that rhenium is made of one chemical element. Substances made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. So, rhenium is an elementary substance.

### Instruction: What does this Works Cited entry indicate about the cited work? 2015 Scholarship Handbook. New York: The College Board, 2014. Print. A: New York is the web page title. B: The College Board is the publisher. C: It is an article. ### Response:

Look closely at the Works Cited entry: 2015 Scholarship Handbook. New York: The College Board, 2014. Print. You can tell that The College Board is the publisher by looking at the publisher name, which appears after the place of publication.

### Instruction: Which sentence states a fact? A: When the U.S. government borrows money, the national debt grows. B: The United States borrows too much money from foreign countries. ### Response:

The first sentence states a fact. When the U.S. government borrows money, the national debt grows. It can be proved by reading a book or an article about economics. The second sentence states an opinion. The United States borrows too much money from foreign countries. Too much shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about how much is too much.

### Instruction: Is there a sentence fragment? We called a taxi for Mr. Wells. Whose car was towed from the no-parking zone in front of the firehouse. A: yes B: no ### Response:

There is a sentence fragment that does not express a complete thought. We called a taxi for Mr. Wells. Whose car was towed from the no-parking zone in front of the firehouse. Here is one way to fix the sentence fragment: We called a taxi for Mr. Wells, whose car was towed from the no-parking zone in front of the firehouse.

### Instruction: Which sentence states a fact? A: Frogs have the strangest feet of any animal. B: A horse's foot contains a part known as the "frog." ### Response:

The second sentence states a fact. A horse's foot contains a part known as the "frog." It can be proved by checking a drawing of a horse's foot. The first sentence states an opinion. Frogs have the strangest feet of any animal. Strangest shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about which animal has the strangest feet.