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mini-platypus-scienceqa-two

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### Instruction: Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference? A: Does the university directory list contact information for the head of the English department? B: Does it list contact information for the head of the English department? ### Response:

The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it is used without its antecedent. The first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with the university directory. Does the university directory list contact information for the head of the English department?

### Instruction: Which sentence uses a simile? A: Her laughter was like a bird's song. B: Her laughter was a bird's song. ### Response:

This sentence uses a simile: Her laughter was like a bird's song. The words laughter and bird's song are compared using the word like. This sentence uses a metaphor: Her laughter was a bird's song. The words laughter and bird's song are compared without the word like or as.

### Instruction: Which important period in American history began in 1929? A: World War II B: the Civil War C: the Great Depression D: the civil rights movement ### Response:

The Great Depression began in 1929 when the stock market crashed. A depression is a long period of time when the economy does much worse than usual. During a depression, businesses close, people lose their jobs, and life becomes harder. The Great Depression lasted for more than a decade.

### Instruction: Which sentence uses a simile? A: The bare tree's branches were as sharp as needles. B: The bare tree's branches were sharp needles. ### Response:

This sentence uses a simile: The bare tree's branches were as sharp as needles. The words branches and needles are compared using the word as. This sentence uses a metaphor: The bare tree's branches were sharp needles. The words branches and needles are compared without the word like or as.

### Instruction: Select the animal. A: Raspberry bushes have green leaves. B: Howler monkeys eat leaves, fruit, and nuts. ### Response:

A howler monkey is an animal. It eats leaves, fruit, and nuts. A howler monkey's tail can be longer than the rest of its body! A raspberry bush is a plant. It has green leaves. Most raspberries are red. But raspberries can also be purple or yellow.

### Instruction: What does the idiom in this text suggest? "Speak of the devil!" Alice declared when Richard strolled into the room. A: Alice thought Richard was a troublemaker. B: Alice had just been speaking about Richard. ### Response:

The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally. The idiom speak of the devil suggests that Alice had just been speaking about Richard. People say this when the person they've just been speaking about coincidentally arrives, as if summoned.

### Instruction: Which sentence states a fact? A: Summers in the United States are too hot. B: In North America, summer starts in late June. ### Response:

The second sentence states a fact. In North America, summer starts in late June. It can be proved by checking a calendar. The first sentence states an opinion. Summers in the United States are too hot. Too hot shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about how hot is too hot.

### Instruction: What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below? Before forwarding the email to my grandparents, my sister bowdlerized it. A: history B: Greek mythology ### Response:

The source of the allusion bowdlerized is history. During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, British physician Thomas Bowdler reworked Shakespearean plays in an attempt to make the language and subject matter more suitable for children. The allusion bowdlerized means sanitized.

### Instruction: Which is a complex sentence? A: Freedom of speech and trial by jury are two important rights in the United States Constitution. B: Kyle picked raspberries in the field until his fingertips were stained red. ### Response:

The second sentence is the complex sentence. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction until. Kyle picked raspberries in the field until his fingertips were stained red.

### Instruction: Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference? A: The nurse examined the patient as soon as she arrived. B: The nurse examined the patient as soon as the patient arrived. ### Response:

The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun she could refer to the nurse or the patient. The first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. She has been replaced with the patient. The nurse examined the patient as soon as the patient arrived.

### Instruction: Which is the bumpiest? A: rock wall B: gold ring C: silk necktie ### Response:

Bumpy is a property. A bumpy material is covered in lumps and bumps. It is not flat or smooth. Look at each picture, one at a time. Imagine touching the material shown in each picture. Of the choices, the rock wall is the bumpiest. If you touch a rock wall, it will feel bumpy and lumpy.

### Instruction: What does the metaphor in this text suggest? He reads incessantly; new ideas are food for his mind. A: He is never satisfied with what he reads. B: He is stimulated by new ideas. ### Response:

The text uses a metaphor, comparing two things that are not actually alike without using like or as. The metaphor ideas are food suggests that he is stimulated by new ideas. Food is energizing to the body, just as ideas are energizing to the mind.

### Instruction: Which would stretch the most? A: nylon swim shorts B: soap bar C: glass cup ### Response:

Stretchy is a property. A stretchy material gets longer when you pull on it. Look at each picture, one at a time. Imagine pulling on the material shown in each picture. Of the choices, the nylon swim shorts would stretch the most. If you pull the leg opening on a pair of nylon swim shorts, it will get wider.

### Instruction: Select the animal. A: Ostriches run and walk. B: Maple trees have star-shaped leaves. ### Response:

An ostrich is an animal. It runs and walks. Ostriches are the largest living birds. They cannot fly, but they can run very fast. A maple tree is a plant. It has star-shaped leaves. Maple trees have green leaves in the spring and summer. In the fall, their leaves turn yellow, red, or brown.

### Instruction: Which figure of speech is used in this text? He that is of the opinion money will do everything may well be suspected of doing everything for money. —Benjamin Franklin, Poor Richard's Almanack A: chiasmus B: apostrophe ### Response:

The text uses chiasmus, an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words. The second half of the sentence reverses the order of the words money and everything relative to the first half.

### Instruction: Select the plant. A: Snowy owls eat small animals. B: Rosemary bushes have many thin leaves. ### Response:

A rosemary bush is a plant. It has many thin leaves. Rosemary has a strong smell. People use its leaves to give food flavor. A snowy owl is an animal. It eats small animals. Snowy owls live in cold places. Snowy owls have feathers on their feet to protect them from the cold.

### Instruction: What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below? Investors should have seen the writing on the wall. A: a fairy tale B: the Bible ### Response:

The source of the allusion the writing on the wall is the Bible. In the Bible, Daniel accurately translates mysterious writing that appears on a wall, and in doing so, he predicts the death of a king. The allusion the writing on the wall means a clear indication of how something will turn out.

### Instruction: Which is a complex sentence? A: I can review the draft of your story unless you're still editing it. B: Her dog happily fetched his tennis ball from the muddy puddle and eagerly waited for her to throw it again. ### Response:

The first sentence is the complex sentence. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction unless. I can review the draft of your story unless you're still editing it.

### Instruction: Does this passage describe the weather or the climate? Southern California usually gets strong winds in the fall and winter. People call them Santa Ana winds. A: climate B: weather ### Response:

Read the text carefully. Southern California usually gets strong winds in the fall and winter. People call them Santa Ana winds. This passage tells you about the usual wind pattern in Southern California. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.

### Instruction: Which sentence states a fact? A: Computers make life better for people. B: Bill Gates was a founder of Microsoft. ### Response:

The first sentence states a fact. Bill Gates was a founder of Microsoft. It can be proved by reading about the history of Microsoft. The second sentence states an opinion. Computers make life better for people. Better shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what makes life better or worse.

### Instruction: What does the idiom in this text suggest? "Speak of the devil!" Joy declared when Kenneth strolled into the room. A: Joy didn't trust Kenneth. B: Joy had just been speaking about Kenneth. ### Response:

The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally. The idiom speak of the devil suggests that Joy had just been speaking about Kenneth. People say this when the person they've just been speaking about coincidentally arrives, as if summoned.

### Instruction: Is this a run-on sentence? After playing an hour-long set for nearly one hundred cheering fans, Hunter's band returned to the stage and delivered a stellar encore performance. A: no B: yes ### Response:

This is not a run-on sentence. It is not formed from two sentences that have been run together without appropriate punctuation. After playing an hour-long set for nearly one hundred cheering fans, Hunter's band returned to the stage and delivered a stellar encore performance.

### Instruction: Which of these things did Susan B. Anthony fight for? A: freedom from the British B: the right to free education C: Native American rights D: women's right to vote ### Response:

Susan B. Anthony fought for women's right to vote. Susan B. Anthony was born in 1820. At that time, only men could vote. Women could not vote. Susan B. Anthony did not think that was fair. She believed that men and women should have equal rights.

### Instruction: Which sentence uses a simile? A: The wave was a towering wall rising from the sea. B: The wave rose from the sea like a towering wall. ### Response:

This sentence uses a simile: The wave rose from the sea like a towering wall. The words wave and wall are compared using the word like. This sentence uses a metaphor: The wave was a towering wall rising from the sea. The words wave and wall are compared without the word like or as.

### Instruction: Which sentence uses a simile? A: The tired boy was as slow as a turtle. B: The tired boy was a slow turtle. ### Response:

This sentence uses a simile: The tired boy was as slow as a turtle. The words boy and turtle are compared using the word as. This sentence uses a metaphor: The tired boy was a slow turtle. The words boy and turtle are compared without the word like or as.

### Instruction: Complete the sentence. Sediment settling to the bottom of a muddy puddle is a (). A: physical change B: chemical change ### Response:

Loose matter such as sand and dirt is called sediment. Sediment settling to the bottom of a muddy puddle is a physical change. The sediment sinks, and the water above becomes clearer. This separates the water from the sediment. But separating a mixture does not form a different type of matter.

### Instruction: A drought has made this year's tomato harvest smaller than usual. What will probably happen to the overall supply of tomato sauce? A: The supply will probably go up. B: The supply will probably go down. ### Response:

Since the tomato harvest was smaller than usual, tomatoes will be harder to get. Because tomatoes are a resource for making tomato sauce, tomato sauce will be harder to make. So, the supply of tomato sauce will probably go down.

### Instruction: Select the plant. A: Pumpkin vines have large flat leaves. B: Bumble bees drink nectar from flowers. ### Response:

A bumble bee is an animal. It drinks nectar from flowers. A bumble bee is an insect. Bumble bees have soft hairs that make them look fuzzy. A pumpkin vine is a plant. It has large flat leaves. The largest pumpkins can be as big as a car!

### Instruction: Which sentence states a fact? A: Atlanta is the capital of Georgia. B: Atlanta is too hot in the summer. ### Response:

The second sentence states a fact. Atlanta is the capital of Georgia. It can be proved by looking at a map of Georgia. The first sentence states an opinion. Atlanta is too hot in the summer. Too hot shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about how hot is too hot.

### Instruction: What does the idiom in this text suggest? Jackie submitted her suggestions to Reid; now the ball is in his court. A: Reid needs to act next. B: Reid has some difficult work to do. ### Response:

The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally. The idiom the ball is in his court suggests that Reid needs to act next. In tennis, when the ball is in a player's court, it is that person's turn.

### Instruction: The shopper lifts each bag at the same speed. Which bag is lifted with a larger force? A: a bag holding 6 pounds of food B: a bag holding 3 pounds of food ### Response:

Look for the shopping bag that is heavier. A shopping bag holding 6 pounds of food is heavier than a shopping bag holding 3 pounds of food. So, the bag holding 6 pounds needs a larger force to start moving upward at the same speed as the other bag.

### Instruction: Which is a complex sentence? A: We discussed a variety of topics, including Mexican art, Canadian politics, and Japanese food. B: Although she left her house early, Nellie barely made it to the train station in time. ### Response:

The second sentence is the complex sentence. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction although. Although she left her house early, Nellie barely made it to the train station in time.

### Instruction: Does this passage describe the weather or the climate? The dry season in Emmett's hometown usually lasts from November to May. A: climate B: weather ### Response:

Read the text carefully. The dry season in Emmett's hometown usually lasts from November to May. This passage tells you about the usual precipitation pattern where Emmett is from. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.

### Instruction: Which figure of speech is used in this text? Would you mind lending me your pencil? I tried using mine, but it's pointless. A: metaphor B: pun ### Response:

The text uses a pun, a word or phrase that humorously suggests more than one meaning. It's pointless means that there is no purpose in doing something. It also means that the pencil won't work because it doesn't have a sharpened point.

### Instruction: Select the animal. A: Tulips have a green stem. B: Woodpeckers eat insects, fruit, and nuts. ### Response:

A woodpecker is an animal. It eats insects, fruit, and nuts. Woodpeckers have strong beaks. They use their beaks to drill into wood to hunt for food. A tulip is a plant. It has a green stem. Tulips grow best in cool, dry places.

### Instruction: Which professional objective on a résumé is more formal? A: I want a job where I can travel a lot and hopefully manage people someday. B: I seek a position with opportunities for travel and advancement. ### Response:

The second professional objective on a résumé is more formal. It uses more elevated language (I seek a position, opportunities for travel and advancement). The other professional objective uses casual language (want a job, a lot) and sounds more conversational.

### Instruction: Does this passage describe the weather or the climate? Hanson enjoys the cool evening breezes that are common on summer evenings where he lives. A: weather B: climate ### Response:

Read the text carefully. Hanson enjoys the cool evening breezes that are common on summer evenings where he lives. This passage tells you about the usual wind patterns where Hanson lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.

### Instruction: Oranges do not grow well in cold temperatures. After an unusually cold winter, what will probably happen to the overall supply of oranges? A: The supply will probably go up. B: The supply will probably go down. ### Response:

Cold weather makes it more difficult to grow oranges. Fewer oranges will be grown, and there will probably be fewer oranges to sell. The overall supply of oranges will probably go down. The oranges, which are resources, are harder to get.

### Instruction: Select the plant. A: Flamingos walk and fly. B: Maple trees have star-shaped leaves. ### Response:

A maple tree is a plant. It has star-shaped leaves. Maple trees have green leaves in the spring and summer. In the fall, their leaves turn yellow, red, or brown. A flamingo is an animal. It walks and flies. Flamingos live in large groups. These groups are called flocks.

### Instruction: Which sentence uses a simile? A: The running children are a stampede of horses. B: The children ran by like a stampede of horses. ### Response:

This sentence uses a simile: The children ran by like a stampede of horses. The words children and stampede are compared using the word like. This sentence uses a metaphor: The running children are a stampede of horses. The words children and stampede are compared without the word like or as.

### Instruction: Select the plant. A: Koalas eat leaves. B: Lavender bushes have many purple flowers. ### Response:

A lavender bush is a plant. It has many purple flowers. Lavender has a sweet smell. Some people use the oil from lavender bushes for perfume. A koala is an animal. It eats leaves. Koalas spend most of their time in trees. They sleep for up to 20 hours a day!

### Instruction: The students start rolling their backpacks at the same speed. Which backpack is pulled with a larger force? A: a backpack carrying 8 pounds B: a backpack carrying 7 pounds ### Response:

Look for the backpack that is heavier. A backpack carrying 8 pounds is heavier than a backpack carrying 7 pounds. So, the backpack carrying 8 pounds needs to be pulled with a larger force to start rolling at the same speed as the other backpack.

### Instruction: Complete the sentence. An air freshener making a room smell nice is a (). A: chemical change B: physical change ### Response:

An air freshener making a room smell nice is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The matter in the air freshener is changing from solid to gas. This is called sublimation. The gas spreads to fill the room and changes the scent of the air. But it does not form a different type of matter.

### Instruction: Which is a complex sentence? A: Mr. Long's afternoon lecture was about art and culture in Germany before World War II. B: Bobby prepared a receipt for the customer while Eddie packaged her items for her. ### Response:

The second sentence is the complex sentence. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction while. Bobby prepared a receipt for the customer while Eddie packaged her items for her.

### Instruction: Which is a complex sentence? A: Akira and her sisters drew a map of the United States and hung it on the wall. B: Joe walked through Paris in a daze because he was still suffering from jet lag. ### Response:

The first sentence is the complex sentence. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction because. Joe walked through Paris in a daze because he was still suffering from jet lag.

### Instruction: Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference? A: Do the instructions say what these screws are used for? B: Do they say what these screws are used for? ### Response:

The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun they is used without its antecedent. The first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. They has been replaced with the instructions. Do the instructions say what these screws are used for?

### Instruction: Which figure of speech is used in this text? The bumper sticker on the fisherman's truck said, "I don't fish to live; I live to fish!" A: paradox B: chiasmus ### Response:

The text uses chiasmus, an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words. The second half of the expression reverses the order of the words fish and live relative to the first half.

### Instruction: Which is a complex sentence? A: The forecast for tomorrow calls for strong winds and light rain. B: Dancers will often bow or curtsy for the audience before the final curtain comes down. ### Response:

The first sentence is the complex sentence. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction before. Dancers will often bow or curtsy for the audience before the final curtain comes down.

### Instruction: Does this passage describe the weather or the climate? There was rain and sleet in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, last weekend. A: weather B: climate ### Response:

Read the text carefully. There was rain and sleet in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, last weekend. This passage tells you about the precipitation in Sioux Falls last weekend. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.

### Instruction: Select the plant. A: Mango trees have many leaves. B: Vultures eat mammals and birds. ### Response:

A vulture is an animal. It eats mammals and birds. Vultures usually do not hunt live animals. They eat animals that are already dead! This behavior is called scavenging. A mango tree is a plant. It has many green leaves. Mango trees can grow to over 100 feet tall!

### Instruction: Which is the scratchiest? A: nylon shorts B: asphalt road C: paper tissue ### Response:

Scratchy is a property. A scratchy material is rough and itchy against your skin. Look at each picture, one at a time. Imagine touching the material shown in each picture. Of the choices, the asphalt road is the scratchiest. If you touch an asphalt road, it will feel rough and itchy.

### Instruction: Which would stretch the most? A: cobalt B: rubber toy C: aluminum foil ### Response:

Stretchy is a property. A stretchy material gets longer when you pull on it. Look at each picture, one at a time. Imagine pulling on the material shown in each picture. Of the choices, the rubber toy would stretch the most. If you pull on the arms of a rubber stretch toy, they will get longer.

### Instruction: Which figure of speech is used in this text? When Donald finally agreed to let his daughter adopt the stray dog, she responded with a smile that was a mile wide. A: paradox B: hyperbole ### Response:

The text uses hyperbole, an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally. A smile that was a mile wide is an exaggeration, since it is physically impossible to have a smile that is actually a mile wide.

### Instruction: What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below? The dense crowd began to part like the Red Sea. A: the Bible B: a fairy tale ### Response:

The source of the allusion part like the Red Sea is the Bible. In the Bible, Moses parts the Red Sea with his staff, forming a clear, dry path for his people to walk along as they escape from Egypt. The allusion part like the Red Sea means to open up a path.

### Instruction: Based on this information, what is this Cepaea snail's phenotype for the shell banding trait? A: BB B: a banded shell ### Response:

An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. The Cepaea snail's observable version of the shell banding trait is a banded shell. So, the snail's phenotype for the shell banding trait is a banded shell.

### Instruction: Which figure of speech is used in this text? We were expecting twenty guests, but only ten came. We had enough extra food to feed the entire town! A: hyperbole B: euphemism ### Response:

The text uses hyperbole, an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally. Feed the entire town is an exaggeration, since it's unlikely that there would be enough food to feed the number of people who live in a town.

### Instruction: What does the idiom in this text suggest? In such an unfamiliar environment, Dirk was a fish out of water. A: Dirk felt out of place. B: Dirk had not visited that location before. ### Response:

The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally. The idiom a fish out of water suggests that Dirk felt out of place. A fish out of water is someone out of his or her usual, comfortable environment.

### Instruction: Which figure of speech is used in this text? I got hit in the head by a can of soda. Luckily it was a soft drink. A: pun B: onomatopoeia ### Response:

The text uses a pun, a word or phrase that humorously suggests more than one meaning. Soft drink refers to a carbonated beverage such as a soda. It also suggests that the can is soft and thus doesn't cause too much pain.

### Instruction: Select the animal. A: Catfish swim underwater. B: Oleander trees can grow colorful flowers. ### Response:

A catfish is an animal. It swims underwater. A catfish is a fish. Unlike most other fish, catfish do not have scales! They have slimy skin. An oleander tree is a plant. It can grow colorful flowers. There are over 400 different types of oleander plants.

### Instruction: Does this passage describe the weather or the climate? While at the park today, Elijah noticed that the wind was coming from the southwest. A: climate B: weather ### Response:

Read the text carefully. While at the park today, Elijah noticed that the wind was coming from the southwest. This passage tells you about the wind direction at the park today. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.

### Instruction: Which is the smoothest? A: asphalt road B: rock wall C: ceramic mug ### Response:

Smooth is a property. A smooth material is not rough or bumpy. Look at each picture, one at a time. Imagine touching the material shown in each picture. Of the choices, the ceramic mug is the smoothest. If you touch a piece of ceramic like this one, it will not feel rough.

### Instruction: Which is the scratchiest? A: sandpaper B: rubber balloons C: ceramic tea cup ### Response:

Scratchy is a property. A scratchy material is rough and itchy against your skin. Look at each picture, one at a time. Imagine touching the material shown in each picture. Of the choices, the sandpaper is the scratchiest. If you touch a piece of sandpaper, it will feel rough and itchy.

### Instruction: Does this passage describe the weather or the climate? Doug complained that the air was too humid today. A: weather B: climate ### Response:

Read the text carefully. Doug complained that the air was too humid today. Humidity is the amount of water in the air. This passage tells you about the humidity today where Doug lives. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.

### Instruction: Which is the softest? A: nylon swim shorts B: glass bottle C: clay tile ### Response:

Soft is a property. A soft material changes shape when pressed or squeezed. Look at each picture, one at a time. Imagine touching the material shown in each picture. Of the choices, the nylon swim shorts are the softest. Nylon fabric changes shape when you press on it.

### Instruction: Select the animal. A: Redwood trees have small leaves. B: Bald eagles walk and fly. ### Response:

A redwood tree is a plant. It has small leaves. Redwood trees have fuzzy reddish-brown bark. Their bark helps protect redwood trees from fires. A bald eagle is an animal. It walks and flies. Bald eagles live in trees near water. They eat mostly fish.

### Instruction: Is this a sentence fragment? The number of tornadoes recorded in the United States over the past few decades. A: yes B: no ### Response:

This is a sentence fragment. It does not express a complete thought. The number of tornadoes recorded in the United States over the past few decades. Here is one way to fix the sentence fragment: The number of tornadoes recorded in the United States over the past few decades has not increased.

### Instruction: Select the part whose main job is to sort and package proteins and other substances in an animal cell. A: chromosomes B: Golgi C: nucleus D: vacuoles ### Response:

The Golgi sorts and packages proteins and other substances for the cell. The Golgi sends some of these substances to parts of the cell where they are needed. It sends other substances to the cell membrane, where they are released from the cell.

### Instruction: Which correctly shows the title of a movie? A: Winnie the Pooh and a Day for Eeyore B: winnie the Pooh and a Day for Eeyore ### Response:

Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The words the, and, a, and for are not important, so they should not be capitalized. The correct title is Winnie the Pooh and a Day for Eeyore.

### Instruction: Does this passage describe the weather or the climate? Jeffrey lives in a town with hot summers and freezing cold winters. A: weather B: climate ### Response:

Read the text carefully. Jeffrey lives in a town with hot summers and freezing cold winters. This passage tells you about the usual temperatures where Jeffrey lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.

### Instruction: Does this passage describe the weather or the climate? In Miami, Florida, afternoon thunderstorms are common in the late summer months. A: weather B: climate ### Response:

Read the text carefully. In Miami, Florida, afternoon thunderstorms are common in the late summer months. This passage tells you about the usual precipitation in Miami. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.

### Instruction: Complete the sentence. A piece of apple turning brown is a (). A: physical change B: chemical change ### Response:

A piece of apple turning brown is a chemical change. The apple reacts with oxygen in the air and turns into a different type of matter. If you scrape off the brown layer of the apple, the inside is still white. The inside hasn't touched the air. So the chemical change didn't happen to that part of the apple.

### Instruction: Select the vertebrate. A: poison frog B: bess beetle ### Response:

A bess beetle is an insect. Like other insects, a bess beetle is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has a hard outer cover. A poison frog is an amphibian. Like other amphibians, a poison frog is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.

### Instruction: Complete the sentence. Saliva breaking down a piece of bread is a (). A: chemical change B: physical change ### Response:

Saliva breaking down a piece of bread is a chemical change. Bread is made up mostly of a chemical called starch. Saliva breaks the bonds between atoms in the starch molecules. The atoms then link together to form smaller, simpler molecules of sugar. The sugar is a different type of matter than the starch.

### Instruction: Which is smoother? A: plastic water pitcher B: sandpaper ### Response:

Smooth is a property. A smooth material is not rough or bumpy. Look at each picture, one at a time. Imagine touching the material shown in each picture. Of the choices, the plastic water pitcher is smoother. If you touch the side of a plastic water pitcher, it will not feel rough or bumpy.

### Instruction: Does this passage describe the weather or the climate? The wind is blowing in from the east in Newark, New Jersey, tonight. A: weather B: climate ### Response:

Read the text carefully. The wind is blowing in from the east in Newark, New Jersey, tonight. This passage tells you about the wind direction in Newark tonight. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.

### Instruction: Complete the sentence. Mixing carbon and iron to make steel is a (). A: physical change B: chemical change ### Response:

Mixing carbon and iron to make steel is a physical change. To make steel, a furnace melts the carbon and iron so that they can be mixed easily. Solid steel forms when the mixture cools. The carbon and iron are now combined as steel. But they are still made of the same types of matter as before.

### Instruction: Select the animal. A: Cherry trees can grow white or pink flowers. B: Tortoises eat plants. ### Response:

A tortoise is an animal. It eats plants. A tortoise's shell protects it from predators. A cherry tree is a plant. It can grow white or pink flowers. Many types of cherry trees come from Japan. Some of these trees have flowers, but no cherries!

### Instruction: Does this passage describe the weather or the climate? Caleb lives in a city that is often covered by thick stratus clouds. A: climate B: weather ### Response:

Read the text carefully. Caleb lives in a city that is often covered by thick stratus clouds. This passage tells you about the usual clouds where Caleb lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.

### Instruction: Select the vertebrate. A: giraffe B: saturn butterfly ### Response:

A saturn butterfly is an insect. Like other insects, a saturn butterfly is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has a hard outer cover. A giraffe is a mammal. Like other mammals, a giraffe is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.

### Instruction: What does the idiom in this text suggest? In such an unfamiliar environment, Johnny was a fish out of water. A: Johnny felt out of place. B: Johnny didn't have any friends. ### Response:

The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally. The idiom a fish out of water suggests that Johnny felt out of place. A fish out of water is someone out of his or her usual, comfortable environment.

### Instruction: The movers lift the boxes at the same speed. Which box is lifted with a larger force? A: a box holding 21 pounds B: a box holding 31 pounds ### Response:

Look for the box that is heavier. A box holding 31 pounds is heavier than a box holding 21 pounds. So, the box holding 31 pounds needs a larger force to start moving upward at the same speed as the other box.

### Instruction: Select the plant. A: Loons walk, fly, and swim. B: Magnolia trees have many leaves. ### Response:

A loon is an animal. It walks, flies, and swims. A loon is a bird. Loons live near lakes and dive in the water to hunt for food. A magnolia tree is a plant. It has many green leaves. Magnolia trees have red seeds.

### Instruction: Which organizational structure does this text primarily use? A: problem-solution B: sequential ### Response:

The text uses a sequential structure to show the evolution of the bicycle. In the text, certain words and phrases help to organize ideas in a sequential structure. Notice the phrases in 1818, in 1863, a few years later, over the next decade, and in 1899.

### Instruction: Select the living thing. A: hummingbird B: yo-yo ### Response:

A yo-yo is not a living thing. Yo-yos do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to the world around them. They do not need food or water. A hummingbird is a living thing. Hummingbirds grow and respond to the world around them. They need food and water.

### Instruction: Select the living thing. A: hockey puck B: cane toad ### Response:

A hockey puck is not a living thing. Hockey pucks do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to the world around them. They do not need food or water. A cane toad is a living thing. Cane toads grow and respond to the world around them. They need food and water.

### Instruction: Which correctly shows the title of an article? A: "Rules of Thumb for Choosing a baby Name" B: "Rules of Thumb for Choosing a Baby Name" ### Response:

Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The words of, for, and a are not important, so they should not be capitalized. The correct title is "Rules of Thumb for Choosing a Baby Name."

### Instruction: Is a pair of sunglasses a good or a service? A: a good B: a service ### Response:

To decide whether a pair of sunglasses is a good or a service, ask these questions: Is a pair of sunglasses something you can touch? Yes. Is a pair of sunglasses a job you might pay someone else to do? No. So, a pair of sunglasses is a good.

### Instruction: What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below? Denise told her friends that Cole was a typical Peter Pan type. A: literature B: a song ### Response:

The source of the allusion Peter Pan is literature. In a J. M. Barrie novel, the character Peter Pan retreats to Neverland and refuses to grow up. The allusion Peter Pan means a person who won't take on adult responsibilities.

### Instruction: Which is the softest? A: metal trombone B: cotton shirt C: bone ### Response:

Soft is a property. A soft material changes shape when pressed or squeezed. Look at each picture, one at a time. Imagine touching the material shown in each picture. Of the choices, the cotton shirt is the softest. If you squeeze cotton fabric, it will change shape.

### Instruction: Does this passage describe the weather or the climate? Seattle, Washington, has over 200 cloudy days every year. A: weather B: climate ### Response:

Read the text carefully. Seattle, Washington, has over 200 cloudy days every year. This passage tells you about the usual pattern of clouds in Seattle. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.

### Instruction: Which would stretch more? A: cotton shirt B: ceramic plate ### Response:

Stretchy is a property. A stretchy material gets longer when you pull on it. Look at each picture, one at a time. Imagine pulling on the material shown in each picture. Of the choices, the cotton shirt would stretch more. If you pull the sleeve of a cotton T-shirt, it will get longer.

### Instruction: The donkeys move the carts at the same speed. Which cart is pulled with a larger force? A: a cart holding 61 pounds B: a cart holding 66 pounds ### Response:

Look for the cart that is heavier. A cart holding 66 pounds is heavier than a cart holding 61 pounds. So, the cart holding 66 pounds needs a larger force to start moving at the same speed as the other cart.

### Instruction: Is there a surplus or a shortage of apple juice? A: shortage B: surplus ### Response:

At the current price, there are too many bottles of apple juice for sale. There are 80 bottles for sale, but only 50 people want to buy one. So, there is a surplus of apple juice. The grocery store will not get any money for the leftover bottles.

### Instruction: Which is the hardest? A: silk kimono B: wood canoe C: rubber gloves ### Response:

Hard is a property. A hard material keeps its shape when you press on it with your finger. Look at each picture, one at a time. Imagine pushing on the material shown in each picture. Of the choices, the wood canoe is the hardest. If you press on wood, it will not change shape.

### Instruction: Which would stretch the most? A: gold nugget B: aluminum foil C: gum ### Response:

Stretchy is a property. A stretchy material gets longer when you pull on it. Look at each picture, one at a time. Imagine pulling on the material shown in each picture. Of the choices, the gum would stretch the most. If you pull on soft chewing gum, it will get longer.

### Instruction: Does this passage describe the weather or the climate? Where Jackson lives, winds blowing from the northeast are rare in July. A: climate B: weather ### Response:

Read the text carefully. Where Jackson lives, winds blowing from the northeast are rare in July. This passage tells you about the usual wind pattern where Jackson lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.

### Instruction: Does this passage describe the weather or the climate? Many tropical rain forests get about 15 feet of rain each year. A: climate B: weather ### Response:

Read the text carefully. Many tropical rain forests get about 15 feet of rain each year. This passage tells you about the usual precipitation in a tropical rain forest. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.

### Instruction: Is the following statement true or false? Animal cells do not have chloroplasts. A: false B: true ### Response:

Animal cells do not have chloroplasts. This statement is true. Plant cells have chloroplasts, but animal cells do not. Chloroplasts help plant cells make their own food. This food is a type of sugar called glucose. Animal cells cannot make their own food.

### Instruction: Does this passage describe the weather or the climate? Hassan noticed that the wind was blowing in from the ocean this afternoon. A: climate B: weather ### Response:

Read the text carefully. Hassan noticed that the wind was blowing in from the ocean this afternoon. This passage tells you about the wind direction where Hassan was this afternoon. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.

### Instruction: Which figure of speech is used in this text? I wasted time, and now doth time waste me. —Shakespeare, Richard II A: apostrophe B: chiasmus ### Response:

The text uses chiasmus, an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words. The second half of the sentence reverses the order of the words waste and time relative to the first half.