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["What is the main point in this Yelp review: I love coming here. This is seriously the only place in town that I trust to get my nails done. I always see Katie because she does an amazing job! She really takes her time and wants you to leave happy. The place is so cute and always friendly. Come check Katie out for some really beautiful nails!.", "Write a 5.0-star 58-words review on YELP for an example business called 'Legacy Nails and Spa' on behalf of 'Lindsey-Joy' focusing on the main point you found."] | two_step | Consumer Reviews & User Feedback | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/yelp-dataset/yelp-dataset | I love coming here. This is seriously the only place in town that I trust to get my nails done. I always see Katie because she does an amazing job! She really takes her time and wants you to leave happy. The place is so cute and always friendly. Come check Katie out for some really beautiful nails! | 562 |
["What is the main point in this Yelp review: WOW! I'd been hearing about this place since it opened, and finally got the chance to check it out. I ordered the brisket and pulled pork with potato salad and slaw, while my friend had the brisket sandwich Hogwood style with mac and cheese and grits. Meat was excellent quality, especially the brisket. The potato salad had a different texture, a cross between regular potato salad and mashed potatoes, while the slaw was super fresh and more like a little side salad. Both incredible. My friend also raved about her meal. Hidden gem of Franklin. Will definitely be back!.", "Write a 5.0-star 99-words review on YELP for an example business called 'Hogwood BBQ' on behalf of 'Brooke' focusing on the main point you found."] | two_step | Consumer Reviews & User Feedback | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/yelp-dataset/yelp-dataset | WOW! I'd been hearing about this place since it opened, and finally got the chance to check it out. I ordered the brisket and pulled pork with potato salad and slaw, while my friend had the brisket sandwich Hogwood style with mac and cheese and grits. Meat was excellent quality, especially the brisket. The potato salad had a different texture, a cross between regular potato salad and mashed potatoes, while the slaw was super fresh and more like a little side salad. Both incredible. My friend also raved about her meal. Hidden gem of Franklin. Will definitely be back! | 1,388 |
["What is the main point in this Yelp review: Steve and Joshua did a great job in replacing my three-car garage doors. The price was competitive, the ordering process was easy and my new doors are beautiful. They completed the job in less than one day and cleaned up perfectly. I highly recommend Master Garage Door and appreciate the excellent service. Thanks Steve!.", "Write a 5.0-star 54-words review on YELP for an example business called 'Master Garage Door' on behalf of 'Randy' focusing on the main point you found."] | two_step | Consumer Reviews & User Feedback | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/yelp-dataset/yelp-dataset | Steve and Joshua did a great job in replacing my three-car garage doors. The price was competitive, the ordering process was easy and my new doors are beautiful. They completed the job in less than one day and cleaned up perfectly. I highly recommend Master Garage Door and appreciate the excellent service. Thanks Steve! | 1,956 |
["What is the main point in this Yelp review: If I could give this zero Stars I would. The food was unseasoned, the biscuit was dry, and the syrup was pre-packaged and sugary with no flavor. Honestly, this tasted like the free food you get in public school. The coffee tasted like absolutely nothing. Do not waste your money. Do not go here. Don't do it to yourself..", "Write a 1.0-star 59-words review on YELP for an example business called 'Daisy Dukes - French Quarter' on behalf of 'Clarke' focusing on the main point you found."] | two_step | Consumer Reviews & User Feedback | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/yelp-dataset/yelp-dataset | If I could give this zero Stars I would. The food was unseasoned, the biscuit was dry, and the syrup was pre-packaged and sugary with no flavor. Honestly, this tasted like the free food you get in public school. The coffee tasted like absolutely nothing. Do not waste your money. Do not go here. Don't do it to yourself. | 2,274 |
["What is the main point in this Yelp review: Whoops! I didn't check Yelp before ordering here last week. Rookie mistake! For an area like Sparkman's Wharf, you expect the best of the best! Sadly, these tacos were super tiny and the duck didn't really taste like anything at all. If you do happen to give it a shot, the pork belly and the street corn were okay, but I just feel like the prices don't really lineup with the flavor or portion size..", "Write a 2.0-star 75-words review on YELP for an example business called 'Gallito @ Sparkman Wharf' on behalf of 'Vanessa' focusing on the main point you found."] | two_step | Consumer Reviews & User Feedback | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/yelp-dataset/yelp-dataset | Whoops! I didn't check Yelp before ordering here last week. Rookie mistake! For an area like Sparkman's Wharf, you expect the best of the best! Sadly, these tacos were super tiny and the duck didn't really taste like anything at all. If you do happen to give it a shot, the pork belly and the street corn were okay, but I just feel like the prices don't really lineup with the flavor or portion size. | 3,026 |
["What is the main point in this Yelp review: Super cute! Love the chill minimalist vibes and the plants look healthy and happy. They also have some fun posters and candles that would make great gifts for your planty friends. I would love to see more pots- bonus points if they're handmade or local! Follow on insta to see what new plants come in!.", "Write a 5.0-star 55-words review on YELP for an example business called 'Monon Plant' on behalf of 'Ashley' focusing on the main point you found."] | two_step | Consumer Reviews & User Feedback | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/yelp-dataset/yelp-dataset | Super cute! Love the chill minimalist vibes and the plants look healthy and happy. They also have some fun posters and candles that would make great gifts for your planty friends. I would love to see more pots- bonus points if they're handmade or local! Follow on insta to see what new plants come in! | 4,892 |
["What is the main point in this Yelp review: This man is a fraud! After reading all of the positive reviews online, I took a pair of clogs in to be cleaned. Four days later, I returned to pick them up, and they looked worse than when I had dropped them off! They had black streaks all over them, and the material was beginning to fray at the edges. When I told him that I was not happy with the result, he simply shrugged his shoulders and said that something like this had never happened before..", "Write a 1.0-star 87-words review on YELP for an example business called 'Villa's Shoe Repair' on behalf of 'Jennifer' focusing on the main point you found."] | two_step | Consumer Reviews & User Feedback | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/yelp-dataset/yelp-dataset | This man is a fraud! After reading all of the positive reviews online, I took a pair of clogs in to be cleaned. Four days later, I returned to pick them up, and they looked worse than when I had dropped them off! They had black streaks all over them, and the material was beginning to fray at the edges. When I told him that I was not happy with the result, he simply shrugged his shoulders and said that something like this had never happened before. | 6,332 |
["What is the main point in this Yelp review: You can't go wrong with this place! Whether you are looking for drinks or a nice dinner, Juniper is the place to go. I love their take on a good whiskey sour, and their chopped salad is to die for. I will always return here! I'm so glad that Boise is collecting more great spots like Juniper. The atmosphere is great, and I always leave feeling satisfied and with a good time. They have live music occasionally, which is fun!.", "Write a 5.0-star 80-words review on YELP for an example business called 'Juniper' on behalf of 'Shiloe' focusing on the main point you found."] | two_step | Consumer Reviews & User Feedback | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/yelp-dataset/yelp-dataset | You can't go wrong with this place! Whether you are looking for drinks or a nice dinner, Juniper is the place to go. I love their take on a good whiskey sour, and their chopped salad is to die for. I will always return here! I'm so glad that Boise is collecting more great spots like Juniper. The atmosphere is great, and I always leave feeling satisfied and with a good time. They have live music occasionally, which is fun! | 6,336 |
["What is the main point in this Yelp review: The walking path is paved so you don't have to worry about tripping over rocks or falling on your bike. It's a long trail going through beautiful woods and under bridges in the area. Lots of people frequent the trail so make sure you stay to the right side so anyone faster than you can pass without any problems. And if you like dogs, there are plenty of furry friends that walk the trails with their owners. It's also nice to walk on the trail on the way to different areas of Zionsville like the high school or even downtown..", "Write a 5.0-star 100-words review on YELP for an example business called 'Zionsville Rail Trail' on behalf of 'Marisa' focusing on the main point you found."] | two_step | Consumer Reviews & User Feedback | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/yelp-dataset/yelp-dataset | The walking path is paved so you don't have to worry about tripping over rocks or falling on your bike. It's a long trail going through beautiful woods and under bridges in the area. Lots of people frequent the trail so make sure you stay to the right side so anyone faster than you can pass without any problems. And if you like dogs, there are plenty of furry friends that walk the trails with their owners. It's also nice to walk on the trail on the way to different areas of Zionsville like the high school or even downtown. | 6,405 |
["What is the main point in this Yelp review: We were in Boise for a quick weekend trip and stumbled across Bittercreek Alehouse based on the recommendation from the front desk clerk at our hotel. This is an absolute gem in downtown Boise! The atmosphere is fun and exciting, the fish tacos were amazing and the poutine fries are on point! If you're looking for great food and a cool place to chill, this is the spot!.", "Write a 5.0-star 68-words review on YELP for an example business called 'Bittercreek Alehouse' on behalf of 'Mitchell' focusing on the main point you found."] | two_step | Consumer Reviews & User Feedback | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/yelp-dataset/yelp-dataset | We were in Boise for a quick weekend trip and stumbled across Bittercreek Alehouse based on the recommendation from the front desk clerk at our hotel. This is an absolute gem in downtown Boise! The atmosphere is fun and exciting, the fish tacos were amazing and the poutine fries are on point! If you're looking for great food and a cool place to chill, this is the spot! | 6,492 |
["What is the main point in this Yelp review: Similar to Pier One Imports and HomeGoods, Cost Plus World Market offers an eclectic collection of kitchen supplies, home decor, international food and wine, and accent furniture. Designs range from bohemian to contemporary, offering a little something for everyone. Though the name of the store implies savings, the prices aren't exactly cheap. I found most items were priced similarly or a little less than Pier One, and sale items were closer to HomeGoods..", "Write a 4.0-star 73-words review on YELP for an example business called 'World Market' on behalf of 'Mel' focusing on the main point you found."] | two_step | Consumer Reviews & User Feedback | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/yelp-dataset/yelp-dataset | Similar to Pier One Imports and HomeGoods, Cost Plus World Market offers an eclectic collection of kitchen supplies, home decor, international food and wine, and accent furniture. Designs range from bohemian to contemporary, offering a little something for everyone. Though the name of the store implies savings, the prices aren't exactly cheap. I found most items were priced similarly or a little less than Pier One, and sale items were closer to HomeGoods. | 6,579 |
["What is the main point in this Yelp review: Derek from Three Kings wrote to me via Yelp explaining that they will be reverting back to their original (presumably much better) portobello sandwich recipe, based on this and other feedback. I appreciate that this new biz is listening to comments and working to improve their offerings. While I think I'll steer clear of this particular sandwich in the future, I'd be willing to make a return lunch or dinner visit..", "Write a 2.0-star 71-words review on YELP for an example business called 'Three Kings Public House' on behalf of 'Jenny' focusing on the main point you found."] | two_step | Consumer Reviews & User Feedback | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/yelp-dataset/yelp-dataset | Derek from Three Kings wrote to me via Yelp explaining that they will be reverting back to their original (presumably much better) portobello sandwich recipe, based on this and other feedback. I appreciate that this new biz is listening to comments and working to improve their offerings. While I think I'll steer clear of this particular sandwich in the future, I'd be willing to make a return lunch or dinner visit. | 6,937 |
["What is the main point in this Yelp review: This is my favorite restaurant in New Orleans. The ambiance is amazing, the food delicious, and the service perfect. I always do the prixe fixed menu, and I would recommend it. I had the shrimp as an appetizer, fried soft shell crab as an entree, and the ice box cake for desert. It was all amazing. Our waiter recommended a bottle of wine that went perfectly with our meal. Highly recommend!.", "Write a 5.0-star 71-words review on YELP for an example business called 'Cafe Degas' on behalf of 'Alix' focusing on the main point you found."] | two_step | Consumer Reviews & User Feedback | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/yelp-dataset/yelp-dataset | This is my favorite restaurant in New Orleans. The ambiance is amazing, the food delicious, and the service perfect. I always do the prixe fixed menu, and I would recommend it. I had the shrimp as an appetizer, fried soft shell crab as an entree, and the ice box cake for desert. It was all amazing. Our waiter recommended a bottle of wine that went perfectly with our meal. Highly recommend! | 7,320 |
["What is the main point in this Yelp review: My kitten had cut his foot I called for an emergency appt. Not only did they give me an appt right away, but when my taxi dropped me off 20 minutes late, they still managed to fit us in. I could see the waiting room was busy, so I appreciated that. The vet tech, Jess, was great about answering all my questions, and Dr. Rozak really knows how to handle nervous cats. My kitten let her pick up his sore foot and do whatever she needed to. .. a miracle, since he's a pretty antsy guy! We just moved here, and I'm happy to have found a vet where my pets will be in good hands..", "Write a 5.0-star 116-words review on YELP for an example business called 'Rau Animal Hospital' on behalf of 'Ellen' focusing on the main point you found."] | two_step | Consumer Reviews & User Feedback | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/yelp-dataset/yelp-dataset | My kitten had cut his foot I called for an emergency appt. Not only did they give me an appt right away, but when my taxi dropped me off 20 minutes late, they still managed to fit us in. I could see the waiting room was busy, so I appreciated that. The vet tech, Jess, was great about answering all my questions, and Dr. Rozak really knows how to handle nervous cats. My kitten let her pick up his sore foot and do whatever she needed to. .. a miracle, since he's a pretty antsy guy! We just moved here, and I'm happy to have found a vet where my pets will be in good hands. | 7,427 |
["What is the main point in this Yelp review: All the beers are served in long stem wine glasses. Not sure why they don't use pint glasses? Lol. Went to try out some Central state brews. Guess it's a tap house or something. Awkward environment with pro gay slogans and rainbow flags everywhere. Felt out of place, uncomfortable. Plus the bartender was kinda snobby. Service was mediocre, took forever to close me out like if she waited any longer I'd order another beer..", "Write a 1.0-star 74-words review on YELP for an example business called 'The Koelschip' on behalf of 'Justin' focusing on the main point you found."] | two_step | Consumer Reviews & User Feedback | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/yelp-dataset/yelp-dataset | All the beers are served in long stem wine glasses. Not sure why they don't use pint glasses? Lol. Went to try out some Central state brews. Guess it's a tap house or something. Awkward environment with pro gay slogans and rainbow flags everywhere. Felt out of place, uncomfortable. Plus the bartender was kinda snobby. Service was mediocre, took forever to close me out like if she waited any longer I'd order another beer. | 7,908 |
["What is the main point in this Yelp review: When we arrived, the place was closed for unexpected maintenance. Boy am I glad we waited. The food was delicious. I had the Plague Bringer, which was both yummy and deliciously spicy. My burning lips matched the heavy metal music perfectly! The decor is super cool and the wait staff were attentive and on point. I know we came at a time where the restaurant was literally serving 100 people at once, so we expected a bit of a wait. Luckily we live in the neighborhood and plan on coming back for more soon! Welcome to Ft Square, Kuma's Corner!.", "Write a 5.0-star 100-words review on YELP for an example business called 'Kuma's Corner' on behalf of 'Aja' focusing on the main point you found."] | two_step | Consumer Reviews & User Feedback | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/yelp-dataset/yelp-dataset | When we arrived, the place was closed for unexpected maintenance. Boy am I glad we waited. The food was delicious. I had the Plague Bringer, which was both yummy and deliciously spicy. My burning lips matched the heavy metal music perfectly! The decor is super cool and the wait staff were attentive and on point. I know we came at a time where the restaurant was literally serving 100 people at once, so we expected a bit of a wait. Luckily we live in the neighborhood and plan on coming back for more soon! Welcome to Ft Square, Kuma's Corner! | 8,570 |
["What is the main point in this Yelp review: Came in to grab some bagels as a surprise for my partner and panicked when they had olive cream cheese scratched off the menu! But I was pleasantly surprised when they offered to make a container for me right then and there. If that's not amazing service, I don't know what is. Thanks guys! I'll be back to see you!.", "Write a 5.0-star 60-words review on YELP for an example business called 'Bagelicious and More' on behalf of 'Ariana' focusing on the main point you found."] | two_step | Consumer Reviews & User Feedback | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/yelp-dataset/yelp-dataset | Came in to grab some bagels as a surprise for my partner and panicked when they had olive cream cheese scratched off the menu! But I was pleasantly surprised when they offered to make a container for me right then and there. If that's not amazing service, I don't know what is. Thanks guys! I'll be back to see you! | 8,653 |
["What is the main point in this Yelp review: Gabe came out to the house to inspect our garage door. You can tell when you're dealing with someone who knows what they're talking about vs. someone who doesn't, and Gabe really knows his stuff. He quickly diagnosed the problem, even with my, uh, less-than-perfect description of the problems we were having, and he had it fixed in no time. He was professional and courteous, and we'll most definitely be calling Music City Garage Doors the next time we need service. Thanks!.", "Write a 5.0-star 82-words review on YELP for an example business called 'Music City Garage Doors' on behalf of 'Paul' focusing on the main point you found."] | two_step | Consumer Reviews & User Feedback | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/yelp-dataset/yelp-dataset | Gabe came out to the house to inspect our garage door. You can tell when you're dealing with someone who knows what they're talking about vs. someone who doesn't, and Gabe really knows his stuff. He quickly diagnosed the problem, even with my, uh, less-than-perfect description of the problems we were having, and he had it fixed in no time. He was professional and courteous, and we'll most definitely be calling Music City Garage Doors the next time we need service. Thanks! | 9,085 |
["What is the main point in this Yelp review: This place is thoroughly amazing. No wonder the reviews are high. It's an intimate space with friendly staff and a menu full of selections. Their fish was super fresh and their miso soup was perfectly flavored. I was really impressed with the eel. It was plentiful and cooked crispy with not too much sauce. The white fish sushi was uniquely spicy and the shumai was topped with extra sauce. My favorite was probably the white fish sashimi, which was perfectly textured and tasted the best I've had. They definitely have a good thing going for them and I can't wait to go back..", "Write a 5.0-star 103-words review on YELP for an example business called 'Sake Don Sushi Bar' on behalf of 'Danielle' focusing on the main point you found."] | two_step | Consumer Reviews & User Feedback | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/yelp-dataset/yelp-dataset | This place is thoroughly amazing. No wonder the reviews are high. It's an intimate space with friendly staff and a menu full of selections. Their fish was super fresh and their miso soup was perfectly flavored. I was really impressed with the eel. It was plentiful and cooked crispy with not too much sauce. The white fish sushi was uniquely spicy and the shumai was topped with extra sauce. My favorite was probably the white fish sashimi, which was perfectly textured and tasted the best I've had. They definitely have a good thing going for them and I can't wait to go back. | 9,465 |
["What is the main point in this Yelp review: My friend and I had brunch here for the first time yesterday before catching a show at The Fox. We will absolutely be back. The ambiance was charming and quaint. The food was delicious - I had the hash with the braised pork and my friend had the biscuits and gravy. The bottomless mimosas are a must. Shout out to our server, Josh, who made sure our glasses were never empty. We're already planning our next outing to Polite Society..", "Write a 5.0-star 80-words review on YELP for an example business called 'Polite Society' on behalf of 'Kelsey' focusing on the main point you found."] | two_step | Consumer Reviews & User Feedback | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/yelp-dataset/yelp-dataset | My friend and I had brunch here for the first time yesterday before catching a show at The Fox. We will absolutely be back. The ambiance was charming and quaint. The food was delicious - I had the hash with the braised pork and my friend had the biscuits and gravy. The bottomless mimosas are a must. Shout out to our server, Josh, who made sure our glasses were never empty. We're already planning our next outing to Polite Society. | 9,607 |
["What is the main point in this Yelp review: Possibly the best burger in all of St. Pete. With a huge selection, you could come here every day for a month and still have more burgers to try. Perfect place for watching the game, throwing back a few cold ones, and chowing down on some tasty cows (RIP). Do something right in your life for once and stop in, you'll be glad you did..", "Write a 5.0-star 65-words review on YELP for an example business called 'Engine No 9' on behalf of 'Alex' focusing on the main point you found."] | two_step | Consumer Reviews & User Feedback | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/yelp-dataset/yelp-dataset | Possibly the best burger in all of St. Pete. With a huge selection, you could come here every day for a month and still have more burgers to try. Perfect place for watching the game, throwing back a few cold ones, and chowing down on some tasty cows (RIP). Do something right in your life for once and stop in, you'll be glad you did. | 10,353 |
["What is the main point in this Yelp review: Amore's pizza is solid. The crust isn't bad, and the ingredients are good too, but it doesn't stand out as pizza you'd keep going back for unless you're looking for something cheap because you're in college or are catering a party. That's not a bad thing; the pizza is good, it just doesn't strike you as memorable. I probably couldn't pick it out from a crowd of similar pizzas..", "Write a 3.0-star 69-words review on YELP for an example business called 'Amore Pizza & Restaurant' on behalf of 'Brandon' focusing on the main point you found."] | two_step | Consumer Reviews & User Feedback | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/yelp-dataset/yelp-dataset | Amore's pizza is solid. The crust isn't bad, and the ingredients are good too, but it doesn't stand out as pizza you'd keep going back for unless you're looking for something cheap because you're in college or are catering a party. That's not a bad thing; the pizza is good, it just doesn't strike you as memorable. I probably couldn't pick it out from a crowd of similar pizzas. | 10,601 |
["What is the main point in this Yelp review: Got kink? If you're into SM, Kink Shoppe has custom-made apparatuses and accessories for sale. For the uninitiated, the staff can help you find something that'll tickle your fancy. Their merchandise is geared for all experience levels, so there's something for everyone. Instead of being the Wal-Mart of sex stores (ahem, South Street), Kink narrows down the selection so you're not bogged down by the paradox of choice..", "Write a 4.0-star 68-words review on YELP for an example business called 'Kink Shoppe' on behalf of 'Dave' focusing on the main point you found."] | two_step | Consumer Reviews & User Feedback | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/yelp-dataset/yelp-dataset | Got kink? If you're into SM, Kink Shoppe has custom-made apparatuses and accessories for sale. For the uninitiated, the staff can help you find something that'll tickle your fancy. Their merchandise is geared for all experience levels, so there's something for everyone. Instead of being the Wal-Mart of sex stores (ahem, South Street), Kink narrows down the selection so you're not bogged down by the paradox of choice. | 10,845 |
["What is the main point in this Yelp review: I love this supermarket. My take? It offers the best of Wegman's without the crowds. Customer service gets an A+. The store is clean and well stocked. The parking lot is navigatable, and there is always ample parking. The sushi bar is my favorite spot in the store. The selection is outstanding and the gentleman who runs it takes good customer service to the next level. A++. Great store. Check it out..", "Write a 5.0-star 72-words review on YELP for an example business called 'McCaffrey's Supermarket' on behalf of 'Rod' focusing on the main point you found."] | two_step | Consumer Reviews & User Feedback | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/yelp-dataset/yelp-dataset | I love this supermarket. My take? It offers the best of Wegman's without the crowds. Customer service gets an A+. The store is clean and well stocked. The parking lot is navigatable, and there is always ample parking. The sushi bar is my favorite spot in the store. The selection is outstanding and the gentleman who runs it takes good customer service to the next level. A++. Great store. Check it out. | 11,188 |
["What is the main point in this Yelp review: Lowkey best coffee shop in the state? This place is awesome, its authentically hipster to the point its like a coffee speakeasy! Most people walk right by without realizing its there. Interior is freaking gorgeous, exposed brick walls galore! Service is top notch, their baristas never leave your froth undecorated. Prices are reasonable and the pastries are hardy!.", "Write a 5.0-star 58-words review on YELP for an example business called 'Commissary Barber & Barista' on behalf of 'Roger' focusing on the main point you found."] | two_step | Consumer Reviews & User Feedback | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/yelp-dataset/yelp-dataset | Lowkey best coffee shop in the state? This place is awesome, its authentically hipster to the point its like a coffee speakeasy! Most people walk right by without realizing its there. Interior is freaking gorgeous, exposed brick walls galore! Service is top notch, their baristas never leave your froth undecorated. Prices are reasonable and the pastries are hardy! | 11,452 |
["What is the main point in this Yelp review: The Mondo Pupu platter as an appetizer for 4 was pretty good, but the menu was lacking and the prices were too high for the lack of quality. I ordered the scallops with risotto and they were awful. The bar and atmosphere are nice for a casual evening, but your money and time are better spent somewhere else..", "Write a 2.0-star 58-words review on YELP for an example business called 'Reef' on behalf of 'Andrew' focusing on the main point you found."] | two_step | Consumer Reviews & User Feedback | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/yelp-dataset/yelp-dataset | The Mondo Pupu platter as an appetizer for 4 was pretty good, but the menu was lacking and the prices were too high for the lack of quality. I ordered the scallops with risotto and they were awful. The bar and atmosphere are nice for a casual evening, but your money and time are better spent somewhere else. | 12,051 |
["What is the main point in this Yelp review: I had a great experience with them! Tried to book online first, but they quickly followed up via text and helped me schedule an appointment within a week. I was pleased they could accommodate me so quickly. I just needed 1 large commercial refrigerator moved from Old City to South Philly. The guys were super helpful and efficient and everything went perfectly. Will definitely keep them in mind for future moves! Highly recommend!.", "Write a 5.0-star 73-words review on YELP for an example business called 'I Like To Move It' on behalf of 'Bernadette' focusing on the main point you found."] | two_step | Consumer Reviews & User Feedback | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/yelp-dataset/yelp-dataset | I had a great experience with them! Tried to book online first, but they quickly followed up via text and helped me schedule an appointment within a week. I was pleased they could accommodate me so quickly. I just needed 1 large commercial refrigerator moved from Old City to South Philly. The guys were super helpful and efficient and everything went perfectly. Will definitely keep them in mind for future moves! Highly recommend! | 12,088 |
["What is the main point in this Yelp review: Terra was great! I work in the medical field and didn't want anything too dramatic. Her lash extensions didn't disappoint. Her lash artistry was superb and took my look to the next level for graduation. Her studio is clean, comfortable, and cute. I can't wait to go back for my next lash install!.", "Write a 5.0-star 53-words review on YELP for an example business called 'Terra Mone Beauty' on behalf of 'Kristyn' focusing on the main point you found."] | two_step | Consumer Reviews & User Feedback | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/yelp-dataset/yelp-dataset | Terra was great! I work in the medical field and didn't want anything too dramatic. Her lash extensions didn't disappoint. Her lash artistry was superb and took my look to the next level for graduation. Her studio is clean, comfortable, and cute. I can't wait to go back for my next lash install! | 12,640 |
Write a 3.0-star 89-words review on YELP for an example business called 'Salon Oko' on behalf of 'Sam'. | gen_full_metadata | Consumer Reviews & User Feedback | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/yelp-dataset/yelp-dataset | It feels strange writing a negative review, as everyone is raving about their experience here. However, mine was just so-so. The cost was outrageous (80 for a trim and blow dry? ), and the service was apathetic, belittling, and dismissive. I was barely asked questions or given any prompts, it was just a "let me just take care of your hair and be done with it. " Overall, I left feeling blah, with my bangs sheared within an inch of their life. Basically sticking straight out of my head. | 12,970 |
Write a 5.0-star 68-words review on YELP for an example business called 'The Met Philadelphia' on behalf of 'Karl'. | gen_full_metadata | Consumer Reviews & User Feedback | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/yelp-dataset/yelp-dataset | This was my first time at the Met and I was absolutely blown away. Every single staff member was professional, courteous, and very helpful. The entire establishment was exceptionally clean, even the restrooms. The live performance was phenomenal, and I can't wait to visit again in the future. If you're going to see a live performance, you can't go wrong with The Met. I highly recommend this establishment. | 13,320 |
Write a 5.0-star 74-words review on YELP for an example business called 'The Industry' on behalf of 'Jessica'. | gen_full_metadata | Consumer Reviews & User Feedback | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/yelp-dataset/yelp-dataset | I love The Industry! It's one of my favorite date places, because they always have tables available and it's spacious, but cozy. They have a great selection of beers on tap, and the servers are always super friendly. Brunch is my favorite meal there, but I've also had the fish and chips, which were delish! I'd highly recommend checking this place out if you're looking for a new bar to try in South Philly! | 13,584 |
Write a 4.0-star 75-words review on YELP for an example business called 'Drago's Seafood Restaurant' on behalf of 'Kristie'. | gen_full_metadata | Consumer Reviews & User Feedback | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/yelp-dataset/yelp-dataset | The wait can be pretty long here, but worth it! Overall, the food is actually pretty average. Service is also a bit slow, but you can always go to the oyster bar if all you want to get are oysters. The only reason I come here is for the charbroiled oysters. They're sooo buttery and good! One whole dozen may be too rich for one person though, so I'd recommend sharing. Definitely a must try! | 14,036 |
Write a 5.0-star 55-words review on YELP for an example business called 'The Greyhound Cafe' on behalf of 'Anela'. | gen_full_metadata | Consumer Reviews & User Feedback | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/yelp-dataset/yelp-dataset | Great vegan comfort food with amazing staff. This cute little restaurant will surprise you. My server was friendly, quick, and super knowledgeable about the menu. He gave me great recommendations and made sure I felt welcome. Try out their chicken wings, they'll surprise you! They also have impossible burgers if you're looking to try one! | 14,305 |
Write a 5.0-star 59-words review on YELP for an example business called 'The Stone House Cafe' on behalf of 'Courtney'. | gen_full_metadata | Consumer Reviews & User Feedback | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/yelp-dataset/yelp-dataset | Stephen makes this experience amazing! He's hilarious, jovial and delivers exceptional service. The food, as always, is over the top with unique flavors and a huge variety of entree options. Definitely choose the special. Try your best to overlook the hostess/owner as she has a bad attitude and lacks customer service. Focus on Stephen and the amazing cocktail menu! | 14,325 |
Write a 3.0-star 89-words review on YELP for an example business called 'Gullifty's Restaurant' on behalf of 'Sam'. | gen_full_metadata | Consumer Reviews & User Feedback | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/yelp-dataset/yelp-dataset | Gullifty's used to be a 4-5 star Main Line threat. Now, they straddle the line between the 3 and 4-star zone. Here's why: They changed their menu awhile back and got rid of some ace items, while modifying others. The cheese fries are no longer covered in real cheese, because apparently homemade whiz is a better option (even though it often tastes pasty af). Ditto for the nachos. Grilled cheese on Texas toast is gone, but you can get an ill-conceived Cajun mac 'n cheese if you want. Whaaat? | 15,394 |
Write a 4.0-star 85-words review on YELP for an example business called 'La Bella's Catering' on behalf of 'Rebecca'. | gen_full_metadata | Consumer Reviews & User Feedback | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/yelp-dataset/yelp-dataset | Labella's recently catered a special event of approximately 200 people for my office. Not only did they deliver delicious food, but also a high-level of professionalism--along with a great attitude to boot! Jenny, Nancy, and staff immediately made me feel very confident in my decision to hire them, and they did not disappoint. Our guests complimented the food often throughout the event, and the ice-cream Sunday bar was a hit! I definitely recommend Labella's catering, and will be utilizing their services again in the future. | 17,446 |
Write a 5.0-star 85-words review on YELP for an example business called 'Kitty Kingdom' on behalf of 'Carter Jane'. | gen_full_metadata | Consumer Reviews & User Feedback | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/yelp-dataset/yelp-dataset | Vivan at Kitty Kingdom is truly a life saver! What an incredible woman, and she loves our Noodle so much! Traveling when you have a cat can be tricky, and we don't trust ours to be alone in the apartment for days on end yet. Enter Kitty Kingdom, the amazing cat boarding facility you didn't know you needed! We never have to worry about Noodle when we are out of town now, and Vivian always keeps us updated with texts and photos of her antics. | 17,483 |
Write a 1.0-star 81-words review on YELP for an example business called 'Hon's Wok' on behalf of 'Sonia'. | gen_full_metadata | Consumer Reviews & User Feedback | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/yelp-dataset/yelp-dataset | How do you mess up pork chow mein? Oh, I know how you can. Don't include any noodles. How incompetent is this place? They just try to cover it up by loading up with a crapload of vegetables. The only thing close to resembling noodles are the bean sprouts, and the whole dish itself is terrible. I'm assuming they've been in business so long because of how cheap they are, but believe me, you don't even get what you pay for. | 17,647 |
Write a 4.0-star 63-words review on YELP for an example business called 'Amigo Joe's' on behalf of 'Valerie'. | gen_full_metadata | Consumer Reviews & User Feedback | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/yelp-dataset/yelp-dataset | OMG the fried chicken at this place is the bomb! Best fried chicken I've had in years, maybe even ever. I definitely recommend it if you're a fried chicken lover. They somehow managed to keep the breast meat really moist and juicy. The seasoning is flavorful and the skin is extra crispy. The choriqueso app is also delicious! Will be back for sure. | 18,014 |
Write a 5.0-star 63-words review on YELP for an example business called 'Turkey and the Wolf' on behalf of 'Kristopher'. | gen_full_metadata | Consumer Reviews & User Feedback | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/yelp-dataset/yelp-dataset | Thank you for the best sandwich ever! The country fried chicken sandwich was incredible. The tacos were fire and the fried pot pie still has my stomach smiling. The Sunny D margarita was awesome. The vibe is just what you need and Lauren Holton, the owner, is a stud. Do yourself a favor and feed your soul with some Turkey and the Wolf. | 18,102 |
Write a 5.0-star 59-words review on YELP for an example business called 'Affordable Inspections' on behalf of 'Eerb'. | gen_full_metadata | Consumer Reviews & User Feedback | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/yelp-dataset/yelp-dataset | Michael is amazing! He's honest and super friendly. I felt like he was genuine in giving me an estimate and truly cared about making my experience easy and painless. I ended up hiring him for the job and I have nothing but great things to say about the company. . Highly recommend his company for all your inspection services! | 18,228 |
Write a 5.0-star 61-words review on YELP for an example business called 'Starland Vintage & Unusual' on behalf of 'Christine'. | gen_full_metadata | Consumer Reviews & User Feedback | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/yelp-dataset/yelp-dataset | Such a fun store! Great selection of mostly vintage clothes and so many fun pieces of jewelry. Some cool local Nashville pieces, plenty of Dolly Parton memorabilia, and a good collection of furniture. While it's pricier than your average "big box" thrift store, the pieces are super unique and seemed in good shape. Highly recommend for a slightly upscale thrifting experience. | 18,793 |
Write a 4.0-star 52-words review on YELP for an example business called 'Surly Wench Pub' on behalf of 'Ramin'. | gen_full_metadata | Consumer Reviews & User Feedback | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/yelp-dataset/yelp-dataset | The Surly Wench has an interesting atmosphere, as you might guess from the name. Apparently they have burlesque there sometimes, which I'm curious about but haven't seen yet. Their beer is good, and they usually have specials. They also have a couple pool tables. It's a fun bar to hang out in. | 19,857 |
Write a 5.0-star 92-words review on YELP for an example business called 'Stay Golden' on behalf of 'Carissa'. | gen_full_metadata | Consumer Reviews & User Feedback | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/yelp-dataset/yelp-dataset | Let's call this place the immaculately groomed love child of Jony Ive and Amy Sedaris. The minimalist interior features tons of natural light, green plants, and tropical colors. I ordered the "savory waffle" special, which featured two eggs over medium atop a spicy leavened waffle and a couple strips of bacon. The mix of sweet-spicy-savory was unbeatable. Coffee was prepared with such great care that I almost felt guilty adulterating it with cream and sugar. If I lived in Nashville, I'd surely become a nuisance here, ordering brunch every day. Highly recommended. | 20,912 |
Write a 4.0-star 65-words review on YELP for an example business called 'Seed' on behalf of 'Heena'. | gen_full_metadata | Consumer Reviews & User Feedback | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/yelp-dataset/yelp-dataset | It's a solid vegan spot. We stopped here on our way back to the French Quarter and it didn't disappoint. We ordered the tofu southern fried poboy, coconut burger, kale salad, and a side of fries. The food was delicious and it came out quickly. The server could have been friendlier, but other than that, no real complaints. We would definitely return to this place. | 21,623 |
Write a 4.0-star 53-words review on YELP for an example business called 'Middle Grounds Grill' on behalf of 'Denice'. | gen_full_metadata | Consumer Reviews & User Feedback | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/yelp-dataset/yelp-dataset | A family member turned me on to this restaurant. The food was great. I definitely recommend the sea bass, if available. The key lime pie was also delicious. The service was wonderful. Our waiter, Miles, was very attentive and professional. If you are in the Treasure Island area, it is worth trying out. | 21,821 |
Write a 5.0-star 59-words review on YELP for an example business called 'Break Through Reno' on behalf of 'Tee'. | gen_full_metadata | Consumer Reviews & User Feedback | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/yelp-dataset/yelp-dataset | What a blast! Our team of four didn't quite make it out but we were super close. I highly recommend this. What a great team-building exercise and such a unique thing to do with friends, family, coworkers, etc. Major kudos to Christian (unsure on spelling) who developed the puzzle. Very nice guy. Go do this now; you'll love it! | 23,107 |
Write a 5.0-star 75-words review on YELP for an example business called 'Coast to Coast Imports - Fishers' on behalf of 'Jazz'. | gen_full_metadata | Consumer Reviews & User Feedback | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/yelp-dataset/yelp-dataset | Wow the customer service at this place is incredible! We came in having a max budget, they worked with us to help us get exactly what we wanted without going over our price. All of the cars are super clean inside and out. Feels like you're getting a brand new car. Loved the service, they weren't pushy at all, and treated you like family. Totally check this place out if you're looking for a car! | 23,951 |
Write a 2.0-star 72-words review on YELP for an example business called 'Dolce Vita' on behalf of 'Michael'. | gen_full_metadata | Consumer Reviews & User Feedback | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/yelp-dataset/yelp-dataset | Pleasant atmosphere and good service, but the food just wasn't good. The fried zucchini and mushroom appetizer was bland, the salads were basic, and the red sauce in my pasta tasted too strongly of celery. To top it off, the noodles were fairly overcooked (not al dente). The prices did not accurately reflect the quality in our opinion. Perhaps other dishes justify this restaurant's average rating but we did not leave impressed. | 25,123 |
Write a 5.0-star 100-words review on YELP for an example business called 'The Sultans of Schlep' on behalf of 'Joe'. | gen_full_metadata | Consumer Reviews & User Feedback | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/yelp-dataset/yelp-dataset | We just hired the Sultans for a neighborhood move yesterday. It was Mothers Day, and these guys still came out and were working hard. Malik, Ethan, and Elijah were awesome. They told me to relax and play coordinator, which was really kind of them. And they busted their butts to get it done. I really appreciated them working hard and also showing care and compassion for us and our stuff. Moving is stressful, but these guys made it super easy. For the price, I think its fair and its much easier than trying to coordinate friends and family into helping. | 25,135 |
Write a 4.0-star 81-words review on YELP for an example business called 'Pod' on behalf of 'Annie'. | gen_full_metadata | Consumer Reviews & User Feedback | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/yelp-dataset/yelp-dataset | Pod was a great spot for our conversational 2+ hour lunch! The extensive menu made for a relaxing, multiple course meal, and I was impressed by the number of vegetarian options. The vegan stephen roll was delicious, and the tofu lettuce wraps flavorful and crunchy. The wasabi vegetable rice had a nice level of spice, and the vegetable udon noodles were well-seasoned. The atmosphere had a casual but upscale vibe, and the service was friendly and attentive. Great place for groups! | 25,238 |
Write a 1.0-star 80-words review on YELP for an example business called 'Ballyhoo Grill' on behalf of 'Shannon'. | gen_full_metadata | Consumer Reviews & User Feedback | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/yelp-dataset/yelp-dataset | I ordered the blackened chicken flatbread and it was just disgusting! The cheese was congealed and the chicken was totally inedible. It tasted rubbery and gamey like it had been reheated in the microwave. I tried to eat around the chicken but the whole thing was awful. This was my first visit and I will never be back. There's only one chance to make a first impression and Ballyhoo has certainly left a lasting one, in the worst possible way. | 25,365 |
Write a 5.0-star 75-words review on YELP for an example business called 'FORMATION sauna + wellness' on behalf of 'Melissa'. | gen_full_metadata | Consumer Reviews & User Feedback | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/yelp-dataset/yelp-dataset | my sister booked a prenatal massage for me with Neanta and it was honestly awesome. i was a little nervous b/c i'm in my 8th month, but this woman works magic. she used firm pressure, which is so rare with massage, let alone prenatal. it felt amazing. the loft itself is really pretty and full of plants. .. nothing fancy, but calming. i highly suggest booking with Neanta if you don't want to leave disappointed. | 25,403 |
Write a 5.0-star 77-words review on YELP for an example business called 'Oceana Grill' on behalf of 'Jillian'. | gen_full_metadata | Consumer Reviews & User Feedback | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/yelp-dataset/yelp-dataset | Our first night we stopped here and had the gumbo and blackened shrimp fettuccine. We were floored by the food, especially the shrimp fettuccine! The sauce was cheesy with just enough spice! We decided to go back for dinner again the next night. We had the crab cakes and again the blackened shrimp fettuccine! The staff was awesome, especially Fatima. She was friendly and offered suggestions. I'd definitely be back for crab cakes and shrimp fettuccine again! | 25,507 |
Write a 265-words sample abstract on the following topic based on following author highlights 'PHNO PET is used for the first time in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients. Post-traumatic changes in dopamine D2/D3 receptors were observed. Patients with major depression showed more prominent reductions in PHNO BPND. Non-depressed TBI patients had greater PHNO BPND in the Amygdala. These findings suggest a potential role of D2/D3 changes in post-TBI depression.' and title 'Dopamine D2/D3 receptor abnormalities after traumatic brain injury and their relationship to post-traumatic depression'; ['MEDI', 'NEUR'] | gen_full_metadata | Peer-Reviewed Research | https://huggingface.co/datasets/orieg/elsevier-oa-cc-by | Objective: To investigate dopamine D2/D3 receptor availability following traumatic brain injury (TBI) and their relationship to the presence of DSM-IV Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and patterns of axonal injury. Methods: Twelve moderate-severe TBI patients and 26 controls were imaged using PHNO positron emission tomography (PET) and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). TBI patients and a second group of 32 controls also underwent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and neuropsychological assessment. Patients included six with post-injury MDD (TBI-MDD) and six without (TBI-NON). Non-displaceable binding potential (BPND) PHNO values were used to index D2/D3 receptor availability, and were calculated using a reference region procedure. Differences in BPND were examined using voxelwise and region-of-interest analyses. White matter microstructure integrity, quantified by fractional anisotropy (FA), was assessed and correlated with BPND. Results: Lower PHNO BPND was found in the caudate across all TBI patients when compared to controls. Lower PHNO BPND was observed in the caudate of TBI-MDD patients and increased PHNO BPND in the Amygdala of TBI-NON patients compared to controls. There were no significant differences in PHNO BPND between TBI-MDD and TBI-NON patients. Furthermore, DTI provided evidence of axonal injury following TBI. The uncinate fasciculus and cingulum had abnormally low FA, with the uncinate particularly affected in TBI-MDD patients. Caudate PHNO BPND correlated with FA within the nigro-caudate tract. Conclusions: PHNO BPND is abnormal following TBI, which indicates post-traumatic changes in D2/D3 receptors. Patterns of PHNO BPND seen in patients with and without MDD suggest that further research would be beneficial to determine whether the use of dopaminergic treatment might be effective in the treatment of post-traumatic depression. | 26,009 |
Enhance the following text to be more professional in tone: For over a decade, it has been debated whether the concordance LCDM model is consistent with the observed abundance of giant arcs in clusters. While previous theoretical studies have focused on properties of the lens and source populations, as well as cosmological effects such as dark energy, the impact of initial conditions on the giant-arc abundance is relatively unexplored. Here, we quantify the impact of non-Gaussian initial conditions with the local bispectrum shape on the predicted frequency of giant arcs. Using a path-integral formulation of the excursion set formalism, we extend a semi-analytic model for calculating halo concentrations to the case of primordial non-Gaussianity, which may be useful for applications outside of this work. We find that massive halos tend to collapse earlier in models with positive f_NL, relative to the Gaussian case, leading to enhanced concentration parameters. The converse is true for f_NL 0. In addition to these effects, which change the lensing cross sections, non-Gaussianity also modifies the abundance of supercritical clusters available for lensing. These combined effects work together to either enhance (f_NL 0) or suppress (f_NL 0) the probability of giant-arc formation. Using the best value and 95 confidence levels currently available from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe, we find that the giant-arc optical depth for sources at z_s2 is enhanced by 20 and 45 for f_NL 32 and 74 respectively. In contrast, we calculate a suppression of 5 for f_NL -10. | enhance | Peer-Reviewed Research | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/Cornell-University/arxiv/data | For over a decade, it has been debated whether the concordance LCDM model is consistent with the observed abundance of giant arcs in clusters. While previous theoretical studies have focused on properties of the lens and source populations, as well as cosmological effects such as dark energy, the impact of initial conditions on the giant-arc abundance is relatively unexplored. Here, we quantify the impact of non-Gaussian initial conditions with the local bispectrum shape on the predicted frequency of giant arcs. Using a path-integral formulation of the excursion set formalism, we extend a semi-analytic model for calculating halo concentrations to the case of primordial non-Gaussianity, which may be useful for applications outside of this work. We find that massive halos tend to collapse earlier in models with positive f_NL, relative to the Gaussian case, leading to enhanced concentration parameters. The converse is true for f_NL 0. In addition to these effects, which change the lensing cross sections, non-Gaussianity also modifies the abundance of supercritical clusters available for lensing. These combined effects work together to either enhance (f_NL 0) or suppress (f_NL 0) the probability of giant-arc formation. Using the best value and 95 confidence levels currently available from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe, we find that the giant-arc optical depth for sources at z_s2 is enhanced by 20 and 45 for f_NL 32 and 74 respectively. In contrast, we calculate a suppression of 5 for f_NL -10. These differences translate to similar relative changes in the predicted all-sky number of giant arcs. | 26,359 |
Enhance the following text to be more professional in tone: We derive inner dark matter halo density profiles for a sample of 165 low-mass galaxies using rotation curves obtained from high-quality, long-slit optical spectra assuming minimal disks and spherical symmetry. For ho(r) sim r-lpha near the galaxy center we measure median inner slopes ranging from lpha_m 0. 22 pm 0. 08 to 0. 28 pm 0. 06 for various subsamples of the data. This is similar to values found by other authors, and in stark contrast to the intrinsic cusps (lpha_intsim1) predicted by simulations of halo assembly in cold dark matter (CDM) cosmologies. To elucidate the relationship between lpha_m and lpha_int in our data, we simulate long-slit observations of model galaxies with halo shapes broadly consistent with the CDM paradigm. Simulations with lpha_int1/2 and 1 recover both the observed distribution of lpha_m and correlations between lpha_m and primary observational parameters such as distance and disk inclination, whereas those with lpha_int5/4 are marginally consistent with the data. Conversely, the hypothesis that low-mass galaxies have lpha_int3/2 is rejected. While the simulations do not imply that the data favor intrinsic cusps over cores, they demonstrate that the discrepancy between lpha_m and lpha_intsim1 for our sample does not necessarily imply a genuine conflict between our results and CDM predictions: rather, the apparent cusp/core problem may be reconciled by considering the impact of observing and data processing techniques on rotation curves derived from long-slit spectra. | enhance | Peer-Reviewed Research | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/Cornell-University/arxiv/data | We derive inner dark matter halo density profiles for a sample of 165 low-mass galaxies using rotation curves obtained from high-quality, long-slit optical spectra assuming minimal disks and spherical symmetry. For ho(r) sim r-lpha near the galaxy center we measure median inner slopes ranging from lpha_m 0. 22 pm 0. 08 to 0. 28 pm 0. 06 for various subsamples of the data. This is similar to values found by other authors, and in stark contrast to the intrinsic cusps (lpha_intsim1) predicted by simulations of halo assembly in cold dark matter (CDM) cosmologies. To elucidate the relationship between lpha_m and lpha_int in our data, we simulate long-slit observations of model galaxies with halo shapes broadly consistent with the CDM paradigm. Simulations with lpha_int1/2 and 1 recover both the observed distribution of lpha_m and correlations between lpha_m and primary observational parameters such as distance and disk inclination, whereas those with lpha_int5/4 are marginally consistent with the data. Conversely, the hypothesis that low-mass galaxies have lpha_int3/2 is rejected. While the simulations do not imply that the data favor intrinsic cusps over cores, they demonstrate that the discrepancy between lpha_m and lpha_intsim1 for our sample does not necessarily imply a genuine conflict between our results and CDM predictions: rather, the apparent cusp/core problem may be reconciled by considering the impact of observing and data processing techniques on rotation curves derived from long-slit spectra. | 26,402 |
Enhance the following text to be more casual in tone: This paper studies the graph-theoretic conditions for stability of positive monotone systems. Using concepts from input-to-state stability and network small-gain theory, we first establish necessary and sufficient conditions for the stability of linear positive systems described by Metzler matrices. Specifically, we derive two sets of stability conditions based on two forms of input-to-state stability gains for Metzler systems, namely max-interconnection gains and sum-interconnection gains. Based on the max-interconnection gains, we show that the cyclic small-gain theorem becomes necessary and sufficient for the stability of Metzler systems; based on the sum-interconnection gains, we obtain novel graph-theoretic conditions for the stability of Metzler systems. All these conditions highlight the role of cycles in the interconnection graph and unveil how the structural properties of the graph affect stability. Finally, we extend our results to the nonlinear monotone system and obtain similar sufficient conditions for global asymptotic stability. | enhance | Peer-Reviewed Research | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/Cornell-University/arxiv/data | This paper studies the graph-theoretic conditions for stability of positive monotone systems. Using concepts from input-to-state stability and network small-gain theory, we first establish necessary and sufficient conditions for the stability of linear positive systems described by Metzler matrices. Specifically, we derive two sets of stability conditions based on two forms of input-to-state stability gains for Metzler systems, namely max-interconnection gains and sum-interconnection gains. Based on the max-interconnection gains, we show that the cyclic small-gain theorem becomes necessary and sufficient for the stability of Metzler systems; based on the sum-interconnection gains, we obtain novel graph-theoretic conditions for the stability of Metzler systems. All these conditions highlight the role of cycles in the interconnection graph and unveil how the structural properties of the graph affect stability. Finally, we extend our results to the nonlinear monotone system and obtain similar sufficient conditions for global asymptotic stability. | 26,508 |
Enhance the following text to be more casual in tone: A real polynomial f is called local nonnegative at a point p, if it is nonnegative in a neighbourhood of p. In this paper, a sufficient condition for determining this property is constructed. Newton's principal part of f (denoted as f_N) plays a key role in this process. We proved that if every F-face, (f_N)_F, of f_N is strictly positive over (mathbbRsetminus 0)n, then f is local nonnegative at the origin O. | enhance | Peer-Reviewed Research | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/Cornell-University/arxiv/data | A real polynomial f is called local nonnegative at a point p, if it is nonnegative in a neighbourhood of p. In this paper, a sufficient condition for determining this property is constructed. Newton's principal part of f (denoted as f_N) plays a key role in this process. We proved that if every F-face, (f_N)_F, of f_N is strictly positive over (mathbbRsetminus 0)n, then f is local nonnegative at the origin O. | 26,601 |
Enhance the following text to be more professional in tone: We report the observation of a stepwise "melting" of the low-temperature Na-vacancy order in the layered transition metal oxide Na0. 7CoO2. High-resolution neutron powder diffraction indicates the existence of two first-order structural transitions, one at T1 290 K, followed by a second at T2 400 K. Detailed analysis reveals that both transitions are linked to changes in the Na mobility. Our data are consistent with a two-step disappearance of Na-vacancy order through the successive opening of first quasi-1D (T1 T T2) and then 2D (T T2) Na diffusion paths. These results shed new light on previous, seemingly incompatible, experimental interpretations regarding the relationship between Na-vacancy order and Na dynamics in this material. They also represent an important step towards the tuning of physical properties and the design of tailored functional materials through an improved control and understanding of ionic diffusion. | enhance | Peer-Reviewed Research | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/Cornell-University/arxiv/data | We report the observation of a stepwise "melting" of the low-temperature Na-vacancy order in the layered transition metal oxide Na0. 7CoO2. High-resolution neutron powder diffraction indicates the existence of two first-order structural transitions, one at T1 290 K, followed by a second at T2 400 K. Detailed analysis reveals that both transitions are linked to changes in the Na mobility. Our data are consistent with a two-step disappearance of Na-vacancy order through the successive opening of first quasi-1D (T1 T T2) and then 2D (T T2) Na diffusion paths. These results shed new light on previous, seemingly incompatible, experimental interpretations regarding the relationship between Na-vacancy order and Na dynamics in this material. They also represent an important step towards the tuning of physical properties and the design of tailored functional materials through an improved control and understanding of ionic diffusion. | 26,940 |
Enhance the following text to be more casual in tone: The Milestoning algorithm created by Ron Elber et al. is a method for determining the time scale of processes too complex to be studied using brute force simulation methods. The fundamental objects implemented in the Milestoning algorithm are the first passage time distributions between adjacent protein configuration milestones. The method proposed herein aims to further enhance Milestoning by employing an artificial applied force, akin to wind, which pushes the trajectories from their initial states to their final states, and subsequently re-weights the trajectories to yield the true first passage time distributions in a fraction of the computation time required for unassisted calculations. The re-weighting method, rooted in Ito's stochastic calculus, was adapted from previous work by Andricioaei et al. The theoretical basis for this technique and numerical examples are presented. | enhance | Peer-Reviewed Research | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/Cornell-University/arxiv/data | The Milestoning algorithm created by Ron Elber et al. is a method for determining the time scale of processes too complex to be studied using brute force simulation methods. The fundamental objects implemented in the Milestoning algorithm are the first passage time distributions between adjacent protein configuration milestones. The method proposed herein aims to further enhance Milestoning by employing an artificial applied force, akin to wind, which pushes the trajectories from their initial states to their final states, and subsequently re-weights the trajectories to yield the true first passage time distributions in a fraction of the computation time required for unassisted calculations. The re-weighting method, rooted in Ito's stochastic calculus, was adapted from previous work by Andricioaei et al. The theoretical basis for this technique and numerical examples are presented. | 26,970 |
Enhance the following text to be more technical in tone: The theme here is category-measure duality, in the context of a topological group. One can often handle the (Baire) category case and the (Lebesgue, or Haar) measure cases together, by working bi-topologically: switching between the original topology and a suitable refinement (a density topology). This prompts a systematic study of such density topologies, and the corresponding sigma-ideals of negligibles. Such ideas go back to Weil's classic book, and to Hashimoto's ideal topologies. We make use of group norms, which cast light on the interplay between the group and measure structures. The Steinhaus-Weil interior-points theorem (on AA-1') plays a crucial role here; so too does its converse, the Simmons-Mospan theorem. | enhance | Peer-Reviewed Research | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/Cornell-University/arxiv/data | The theme here is category-measure duality, in the context of a topological group. One can often handle the (Baire) category case and the (Lebesgue, or Haar) measure cases together, by working bi-topologically: switching between the original topology and a suitable refinement (a density topology). This prompts a systematic study of such density topologies, and the corresponding sigma-ideals of negligibles. Such ideas go back to Weil's classic book, and to Hashimoto's ideal topologies. We make use of group norms, which cast light on the interplay between the group and measure structures. The Steinhaus-Weil interior-points theorem (on AA-1') plays a crucial role here; so too does its converse, the Simmons-Mospan theorem. | 27,385 |
Enhance the following text to be more casual in tone: The results provide evidence that FIBS effectively represents IBTSs for classification algorithms, which contributes to similar or significantly better accuracy compared to state-of-the-art competitors. It also suggests that the feature selection strategy is beneficial to FIBS's performance. | enhance | Peer-Reviewed Research | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/Cornell-University/arxiv/data | We study the problem of classifying interval-based temporal sequences (IBTSs). Since common classification algorithms cannot be directly applied to IBTSs, the main challenge is to define a set of features that effectively represents the data such that classifiers can be applied. Most prior work utilizes frequent pattern mining to define a feature set based on discovered patterns. However, frequent pattern mining is computationally expensive and often discovers many irrelevant patterns. To address this shortcoming, we propose the FIBS framework for classifying IBTSs. FIBS extracts features relevant to classification from IBTSs based on relative frequency and temporal relations. To avoid selecting irrelevant features, a filter-based selection strategy is incorporated into FIBS. Our empirical evaluation on eight real-world datasets demonstrates the effectiveness of our methods in practice. The results provide evidence that FIBS effectively represents IBTSs for classification algorithms, which contributes to similar or significantly better accuracy compared to state-of-the-art competitors. It also suggests that the feature selection strategy is beneficial to FIBS's performance. | 27,800 |
Enhance the following text to be more academic in tone: We present rotational velocities for individual components of eleven very low mass (VLM) binaries with spectral types between M7 and L7. 5. These results are based on observations taken with the near-infrared spectrograph, NIRSPEC, and the Keck II laser guide star adaptive optics (LGS AO) system. We find that the observed sources tend to be rapid rotators (vsini 10 km/s), consistent with previous seeing-limited measurements of VLM objects. The two sources with the largest vsini, LP 349-25B and HD 130948C, are rotating at 30 of their break up speed, and are among the most rapidly rotating VLM objects known. Furthermore, five binary systems, all with orbital semi-major axes 3. 5 AU, have component vsini values that differ by greater than 3sigma. To bring the binary components with discrepant rotational velocities into agreement would require the rotational axes to be inclined with respect to each other, and that at least one component is inclined with respect to the orbital plane. Alternatively, each component could be rotating at a different rate, even though they have similar spectral types. Both differing rotational velocities and inclinations have implications for binary star formation and evolution. | enhance | Peer-Reviewed Research | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/Cornell-University/arxiv/data | We present rotational velocities for individual components of eleven very low mass (VLM) binaries with spectral types between M7 and L7. 5. These results are based on observations taken with the near-infrared spectrograph, NIRSPEC, and the Keck II laser guide star adaptive optics (LGS AO) system. We find that the observed sources tend to be rapid rotators (vsini 10 km/s), consistent with previous seeing-limited measurements of VLM objects. The two sources with the largest vsini, LP 349-25B and HD 130948C, are rotating at 30 of their break up speed, and are among the most rapidly rotating VLM objects known. Furthermore, five binary systems, all with orbital semi-major axes 3. 5 AU, have component vsini values that differ by greater than 3sigma. To bring the binary components with discrepant rotational velocities into agreement would require the rotational axes to be inclined with respect to each other, and that at least one component is inclined with respect to the orbital plane. Alternatively, each component could be rotating at a different rate, even though they have similar spectral types. Both differing rotational velocities and inclinations have implications for binary star formation and evolution. We also investigate possible dynamical evolution in the triple system HD 130948A-BC. The close binary brown dwarfs B and C have significantly different vsini values. We demonstrate that components B and C could have been torqued into misalignment by the primary star, A, via orbital precession. Such a scenario can also be applied to another triple system in our sample, GJ 569A-Bab. Interactions such as these may play an important role in the dynamical evolution of very low mass binaries. Finally, we note that two of the binaries with large differences in component vsini, LP 349-25AB and 2MASS 0746+20AB, are also known radio sources. | 27,810 |
Enhance the following text to be more casual in tone: We designed and demonstrate a fiber-based amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) source with low spatial coherence, low temporal coherence, and high power per mode. ASE is produced by optically pumping a large gain core multimode fiber while minimizing optical feedback to avoid lasing. The fiber ASE source provides 270 mW of continuous wave emission, centered at lambda1055 nm with a full-width half-maximum bandwidth of 74 nm. The emission is distributed among as many as 70 spatial modes, enabling efficient speckle suppression when combined with spectral compounding. Finally, we demonstrate speckle-free full field imaging using the fiber ASE source. The fiber ASE source provides a unique combination of high power per mode with both low spatial and low temporal coherence, making it an ideal source for full-field imaging and ranging applications. | enhance | Peer-Reviewed Research | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/Cornell-University/arxiv/data | We designed and demonstrate a fiber-based amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) source with low spatial coherence, low temporal coherence, and high power per mode. ASE is produced by optically pumping a large gain core multimode fiber while minimizing optical feedback to avoid lasing. The fiber ASE source provides 270 mW of continuous wave emission, centered at lambda1055 nm with a full-width half-maximum bandwidth of 74 nm. The emission is distributed among as many as 70 spatial modes, enabling efficient speckle suppression when combined with spectral compounding. Finally, we demonstrate speckle-free full field imaging using the fiber ASE source. The fiber ASE source provides a unique combination of high power per mode with both low spatial and low temporal coherence, making it an ideal source for full-field imaging and ranging applications. | 27,953 |
Enhance the following text to be more casual in tone: The interelectronic-interaction effect on the transition probabilities in high-Z He-like ions is investigated within a systematic quantum electrodynamic approach. The calculation formulas for the interelectronic-interaction corrections of first order in 1/Z are derived using the two-time Green function method. These formulas are employed for numerical evaluations of the magnetic transition probabilities in heliumlike ions. The results of the calculations are compared with experimental values and previous calculations. | enhance | Peer-Reviewed Research | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/Cornell-University/arxiv/data | The interelectronic-interaction effect on the transition probabilities in high-Z He-like ions is investigated within a systematic quantum electrodynamic approach. The calculation formulas for the interelectronic-interaction corrections of first order in 1/Z are derived using the two-time Green function method. These formulas are employed for numerical evaluations of the magnetic transition probabilities in heliumlike ions. The results of the calculations are compared with experimental values and previous calculations. | 28,148 |
Enhance the following text to be more professional in tone: Emerging applications involving device-to-device communication among wearable electronics require Gbps throughput, which can be achieved by utilizing millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency bands. When many such communicating devices are indoors in close proximity, like in a train car or airplane cabin, interference can be a serious impairment. This paper uses stochastic geometry to analyze the performance of mmWave networks with a finite number of interferers in a finite network region. Prior work considered either lower carrier frequencies with different antenna and channel assumptions, or a network with an infinite spatial extent. In this paper, human users not only carry potentially interfering devices, but also act to block interfering signals. Using a sequence of simplifying assumptions, accurate expressions for coverage and rate are developed that capture the effects of key antenna characteristics like directivity and gain, and are a function of the finite area and number of users. The assumptions are validated through a combination of analysis and simulation. The main conclusions are that mmWave frequencies can provide Gbps throughput even with omni-directional transceiver antennas, and larger, more directive antenna arrays give better system performance. | enhance | Peer-Reviewed Research | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/Cornell-University/arxiv/data | Emerging applications involving device-to-device communication among wearable electronics require Gbps throughput, which can be achieved by utilizing millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency bands. When many such communicating devices are indoors in close proximity, like in a train car or airplane cabin, interference can be a serious impairment. This paper uses stochastic geometry to analyze the performance of mmWave networks with a finite number of interferers in a finite network region. Prior work considered either lower carrier frequencies with different antenna and channel assumptions, or a network with an infinite spatial extent. In this paper, human users not only carry potentially interfering devices, but also act to block interfering signals. Using a sequence of simplifying assumptions, accurate expressions for coverage and rate are developed that capture the effects of key antenna characteristics like directivity and gain, and are a function of the finite area and number of users. The assumptions are validated through a combination of analysis and simulation. The main conclusions are that mmWave frequencies can provide Gbps throughput even with omni-directional transceiver antennas, and larger, more directive antenna arrays give better system performance. | 28,232 |
Enhance the following text to be more academic in tone: These notes are intended to provide a brief primer in plasma physics, introducing common definitions, basic properties, and typical processes found in plasmas. These concepts are inherent in contemporary plasma-based accelerator schemes, and thus provide a foundation for the more advanced expositions that follow in this volume. No prior knowledge of plasma physics is required, but the reader is assumed to be familiar with basic electrodynamics and fluid mechanics. | enhance | Peer-Reviewed Research | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/Cornell-University/arxiv/data | These notes are intended to provide a brief primer in plasma physics, introducing common definitions, basic properties, and typical processes found in plasmas. These concepts are inherent in contemporary plasma-based accelerator schemes, and thus provide a foundation for the more advanced expositions that follow in this volume. No prior knowledge of plasma physics is required, but the reader is assumed to be familiar with basic electrodynamics and fluid mechanics. | 28,296 |
Enhance the following text to be more professional in tone: Given that Yangian algebras are the hallmark of integrability, these identifications should pave the way towards uncovering the relation between the integrable and the higher spin symmetries. | enhance | Peer-Reviewed Research | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/Cornell-University/arxiv/data | The relation between the bosonic higher spin cal W_infty algebra, the affine Yangian of mathfrakgl_1, and the SHc algebra is established in detail. For generic lambda we find explicit expressions for the low-lying cal W_infty modes in terms of the affine Yangian generators, and deduce from this the precise identification between lambda and the parameters of the affine Yangian. Furthermore, for the free field cases corresponding to lambda0 and lambda1 we give closed-form expressions for the affine Yangian generators in terms of the free fields. Interestingly, the relation between the cal W_infty modes and those of the affine Yangian is a non-local one, in general. We also establish the explicit dictionary between the affine Yangian and the SHc generators. Given that Yangian algebras are the hallmark of integrability, these identifications should pave the way towards uncovering the relation between the integrable and the higher spin symmetries. | 28,660 |
Enhance the following text to be more technical in tone: Recent work in Dialogue Act classification has treated the task as a sequence labeling problem using hierarchical deep neural networks. We build on this prior work by leveraging the effectiveness of a context-aware self-attention mechanism coupled with a hierarchical recurrent neural network. We conduct extensive evaluations on standard Dialogue Act classification datasets and show significant improvement over state-of-the-art results on the Switchboard Dialogue Act (SwDA) Corpus. We also investigate the impact of different utterance-level representation learning methods and show that our method is effective at capturing utterance-level semantic text representations while maintaining high accuracy. | enhance | Peer-Reviewed Research | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/Cornell-University/arxiv/data | Recent work in Dialogue Act classification has treated the task as a sequence labeling problem using hierarchical deep neural networks. We build on this prior work by leveraging the effectiveness of a context-aware self-attention mechanism coupled with a hierarchical recurrent neural network. We conduct extensive evaluations on standard Dialogue Act classification datasets and show significant improvement over state-of-the-art results on the Switchboard Dialogue Act (SwDA) Corpus. We also investigate the impact of different utterance-level representation learning methods and show that our method is effective at capturing utterance-level semantic text representations while maintaining high accuracy. | 28,702 |
Enhance the following text to be more technical in tone: The optical selection rules for inter-band transitions in WSe2, WS2 and MoSe2 transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers are investigated by polarization-resolved photoluminescence experiments with a signal collection from the sample edge. These measurements reveal a strong polarization-dependence of the emission lines. We see clear signatures of the emitted light with the electric field oriented perpendicular to the monolayer plane, corresponding to an inter-band optical transition forbidden at normal incidence used in standard optical spectroscopy measurements. The experimental results are in agreement with the optical selection rules deduced from group theory analysis, highlighting the key role played by the different symmetries of the conduction and valence bands split by the spin-orbit interaction. These studies yield a direct determination on the bright-dark exciton splitting, for which we measure 40 pm 1 meV and 55 pm 2 meV for WSe2 and WS2 monolayer, respectively. | enhance | Peer-Reviewed Research | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/Cornell-University/arxiv/data | The optical selection rules for inter-band transitions in WSe2, WS2 and MoSe2 transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers are investigated by polarization-resolved photoluminescence experiments with a signal collection from the sample edge. These measurements reveal a strong polarization-dependence of the emission lines. We see clear signatures of the emitted light with the electric field oriented perpendicular to the monolayer plane, corresponding to an inter-band optical transition forbidden at normal incidence used in standard optical spectroscopy measurements. The experimental results are in agreement with the optical selection rules deduced from group theory analysis, highlighting the key role played by the different symmetries of the conduction and valence bands split by the spin-orbit interaction. These studies yield a direct determination on the bright-dark exciton splitting, for which we measure 40 pm 1 meV and 55 pm 2 meV for WSe2 and WS2 monolayer, respectively. | 29,499 |
Enhance the following text to be more academic in tone: Equal access to voting is a core feature of democratic government. Using data from millions of smartphone users, we quantify a racial disparity in voting wait times across a nationwide sample of polling places during the 2016 U. S. presidential election. Relative to entirely-white neighborhoods, residents of entirely-black neighborhoods waited 29 longer to vote and were 74 more likely to spend more than 30 minutes at their polling place. This disparity holds when comparing predominantly white and black polling places within the same states and counties, and survives numerous robustness and placebo tests. We shed light on the mechanism for these results and discuss how geospatial data can be an effective tool to both measure and monitor these disparities going forward. | enhance | Peer-Reviewed Research | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/Cornell-University/arxiv/data | Equal access to voting is a core feature of democratic government. Using data from millions of smartphone users, we quantify a racial disparity in voting wait times across a nationwide sample of polling places during the 2016 U. S. presidential election. Relative to entirely-white neighborhoods, residents of entirely-black neighborhoods waited 29 longer to vote and were 74 more likely to spend more than 30 minutes at their polling place. This disparity holds when comparing predominantly white and black polling places within the same states and counties, and survives numerous robustness and placebo tests. We shed light on the mechanism for these results and discuss how geospatial data can be an effective tool to both measure and monitor these disparities going forward. | 29,713 |
Enhance the following text to be more casual in tone: These notes comprise the first of two articles devoted to the construction of exact solutions of noncommutative gauge theory in two spacetime dimensions. This first part deals solely with the classical theory on a noncommutative torus. Topics covered include a mathematical introduction to the geometry of the noncommutative torus, the definition, properties and symmetries of noncommutative Yang-Mills theory, and the complete solution of the classical field equations. | enhance | Peer-Reviewed Research | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/Cornell-University/arxiv/data | These notes comprise the first of two articles devoted to the construction of exact solutions of noncommutative gauge theory in two spacetime dimensions. This first part deals solely with the classical theory on a noncommutative torus. Topics covered include a mathematical introduction to the geometry of the noncommutative torus, the definition, properties and symmetries of noncommutative Yang-Mills theory, and the complete solution of the classical field equations. | 29,828 |
Enhance the following text to be more casual in tone: We show that a formalism for analyzing the near-horizon conformal symmetry of Schwarzschild black holes using a scalar field probe is capable of describing black hole decay. The equation governing black hole decay can be identified as the geodesic equation in the space of black hole masses. This provides a novel geometric interpretation for the decay of black holes. Moreover, this approach predicts a precise correction term to the usual expression for the decay rate of black holes. | enhance | Peer-Reviewed Research | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/Cornell-University/arxiv/data | We show that a formalism for analyzing the near-horizon conformal symmetry of Schwarzschild black holes using a scalar field probe is capable of describing black hole decay. The equation governing black hole decay can be identified as the geodesic equation in the space of black hole masses. This provides a novel geometric interpretation for the decay of black holes. Moreover, this approach predicts a precise correction term to the usual expression for the decay rate of black holes. | 29,923 |
Enhance the following text to be more academic in tone: Natural-gradient methods enable fast and simple algorithms for variational inference, but due to computational difficulties, their use is mostly limited to emphminimal exponential-family (EF) approximations. In this paper, we extend their application to estimate emphstructured approximations such as mixtures of EF distributions. Such approximations can fit complex, multimodal posterior distributions and are generally more accurate than unimodal EF approximations. By using a emphminimal conditional-EF representation of such approximations, we derive simple natural-gradient updates. Our empirical results demonstrate a faster convergence of our natural-gradient method compared to black-box gradient-based methods with reparameterization gradients. Our work expands the scope of natural gradients for Bayesian inference and makes them more widely applicable than before. | enhance | Peer-Reviewed Research | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/Cornell-University/arxiv/data | Natural-gradient methods enable fast and simple algorithms for variational inference, but due to computational difficulties, their use is mostly limited to emphminimal exponential-family (EF) approximations. In this paper, we extend their application to estimate emphstructured approximations such as mixtures of EF distributions. Such approximations can fit complex, multimodal posterior distributions and are generally more accurate than unimodal EF approximations. By using a emphminimal conditional-EF representation of such approximations, we derive simple natural-gradient updates. Our empirical results demonstrate a faster convergence of our natural-gradient method compared to black-box gradient-based methods with reparameterization gradients. Our work expands the scope of natural gradients for Bayesian inference and makes them more widely applicable than before. | 29,977 |
Enhance the following text to be more technical in tone: During 2015 and 2016, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) conducted a three-month observing campaign. These observations delivered the first direct detection of gravitational waves from binary black hole mergers. To search for these signals, the LIGO Scientific Collaboration uses the PyCBC search pipeline. To deliver science results in a timely manner, LIGO collaborated with the Open Science Grid (OSG) to distribute the required computation across a series of dedicated, opportunistic, and allocated resources. To deliver the petabytes necessary for such a large-scale computation, our team deployed a distributed data access infrastructure based on the XRootD server suite and the CernVM File System (CVMFS). This data access strategy grew from simply accessing remote storage to a POSIX-based interface underpinned by distributed, secure caches across the OSG. | enhance | Peer-Reviewed Research | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/Cornell-University/arxiv/data | During 2015 and 2016, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) conducted a three-month observing campaign. These observations delivered the first direct detection of gravitational waves from binary black hole mergers. To search for these signals, the LIGO Scientific Collaboration uses the PyCBC search pipeline. To deliver science results in a timely manner, LIGO collaborated with the Open Science Grid (OSG) to distribute the required computation across a series of dedicated, opportunistic, and allocated resources. To deliver the petabytes necessary for such a large-scale computation, our team deployed a distributed data access infrastructure based on the XRootD server suite and the CernVM File System (CVMFS). This data access strategy grew from simply accessing remote storage to a POSIX-based interface underpinned by distributed, secure caches across the OSG. | 30,206 |
Enhance the following text to be more technical in tone: MSSM Higgs bosons are the most promising way to discover Higgs physics at hadronic colliders since their cross section is enhanced compared to that of the Standard Model. We will present theoretical predictions for their production and decay in the Higgs o au au channel at the Tevatron and the LHC, focusing on the theoretical uncertainties that affect them. The inferred SUSY Higgs bounds on the plane and the impact of these uncertainties will also be discussed. | enhance | Peer-Reviewed Research | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/Cornell-University/arxiv/data | MSSM Higgs bosons are the most promising way to discover Higgs physics at hadronic colliders since their cross section is enhanced compared to that of the Standard Model. We will present theoretical predictions for their production and decay in the Higgs o au au channel at the Tevatron and the LHC, focusing on the theoretical uncertainties that affect them. The inferred SUSY Higgs bounds on the plane and the impact of these uncertainties will also be discussed. | 30,325 |
Enhance the following text to be more academic in tone: A small degree of curvature in the first-moment maps indicates that the disks are slightly curved in the manner expected for bow shocks moving away from the IRAS source. A simple geometrical model confirms that this scenario fits the main emission features. Conclusions. The emission peaks in the IRAS 04166+2706 jet likely represent internal bow shocks where material is being ejected laterally away from the jet axis. While the linear momentum of the ejected gas is dominated by the component in the jet direction, the sideways component is not negligible, and can potentially affect the distribution of gas in the surrounding outflow and core. | enhance | Peer-Reviewed Research | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/Cornell-University/arxiv/data | Aims. We study the relation between the jet and the outflow in the IRAS 04166+2706 protostar. This Taurus protostar drives a molecular jet that contains multiple emission peaks symmetrically located from the central source. The protostar also drives a wide-angle outflow consisting of two conical shells. Methods. We have used the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) interferometer to observe two fields along the IRAS 04166+2706 jet. The fields were centered on a pair of emission peaks that correspond to the same ejection event, and were observed in CO(2-1), SiO(5-4), and SO(65-54). Results. Both ALMA fields present spatial distributions that are approximately elliptical and have their minor axes aligned with the jet direction. As the velocity increases, the emission in each field moves gradually across the elliptical region. This systematic pattern indicates that the emitting gas in each field lies in a disk-like structure that is perpendicular to the jet axis and is expanding away from the jet. A small degree of curvature in the first-moment maps indicates that the disks are slightly curved in the manner expected for bow shocks moving away from the IRAS source. A simple geometrical model confirms that this scenario fits the main emission features. Conclusions. The emission peaks in the IRAS 04166+2706 jet likely represent internal bow shocks where material is being ejected laterally away from the jet axis. While the linear momentum of the ejected gas is dominated by the component in the jet direction, the sideways component is not negligible, and can potentially affect the distribution of gas in the surrounding outflow and core. | 30,561 |
Enhance the following text to be more technical in tone: Using fully reconstructed B_s mesons, we measure exclusive branching fractions for the decays B_s to D_s(*)+D_s(*)-. The results are cal B(B0_sra D+_s D-_s)(0. 58, +0. 11_-0. 09, pm 0. 13), cal B(B0_sra D*pm_s Dmp_s)(1. 8, pm 0. 2, pm 0. 4), and cal B(B0_sra D*+_s D*-_s)(2. 0, pm 0. 3, pm 0. 5); the sum is cal B(B0_sra D(*)+_s D(*)-_s)(4. 3, pm 0. 4, pm 1. 0). Assuming these decay modes saturate decays to CP-even final states, the branching fraction determines the relative width difference between the B_s CP-odd and CP-even eigenstates. Taking cp violation to be negligibly small, we obtain dgs/gs 0. 090, pm 0. 009, rm(stat. ), pm 0. 022, rm (syst. ), where gs is the mean decay width. The results are based on a data sample collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB e+ e- collider running at the Upsilon(5S) resonance with an integrated luminosity of 121. 4 fb-1. | enhance | Peer-Reviewed Research | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/Cornell-University/arxiv/data | Using fully reconstructed B_s mesons, we measure exclusive branching fractions for the decays B_s to D_s(*)+D_s(*)-. The results are cal B(B0_sra D+_s D-_s)(0. 58, +0. 11_-0. 09, pm 0. 13), cal B(B0_sra D*pm_s Dmp_s)(1. 8, pm 0. 2, pm 0. 4), and cal B(B0_sra D*+_s D*-_s)(2. 0, pm 0. 3, pm 0. 5); the sum is cal B(B0_sra D(*)+_s D(*)-_s)(4. 3, pm 0. 4, pm 1. 0). Assuming these decay modes saturate decays to CP-even final states, the branching fraction determines the relative width difference between the B_s CP-odd and CP-even eigenstates. Taking cp violation to be negligibly small, we obtain dgs/gs 0. 090, pm 0. 009, rm(stat. ), pm 0. 022, rm (syst. ), where gs is the mean decay width. The results are based on a data sample collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB e+ e- collider running at the Upsilon(5S) resonance with an integrated luminosity of 121. 4 fb-1. | 30,587 |
Enhance the following text to be more academic in tone: We investigate the enhancement of the Kondo effect in quantum dots with an even number of electrons, using a scaling method and a mean field theory. We evaluate the Kondo temperature T_K as a function of the energy difference between spin-singlet and triplet states in the dot, Delta, and the Zeeman splitting, E_Z. If the Zeeman splitting is small, E_Z ll T_K, the competition between the singlet and triplet states enhances the Kondo effect. T_K reaches its maximum around Delta0 and decreases with Delta obeying a power law. If the Zeeman splitting is strong, E_Z gg T_K, the Kondo effect originates from the degeneracy between the singlet state and one of the components of the triplet state at -Delta sim E_Z. We show that T_K exhibits another power-law dependence on E_Z. The mean field theory provides a unified picture to illustrate the crossover between these regimes. The enhancement of the Kondo effect can be understood in terms of the overlap between the Kondo resonant states created around the Fermi level. These resonant states provide the unitary limit of the conductance Gsim 2e2/h. | enhance | Peer-Reviewed Research | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/Cornell-University/arxiv/data | We investigate the enhancement of the Kondo effect in quantum dots with an even number of electrons, using a scaling method and a mean field theory. We evaluate the Kondo temperature T_K as a function of the energy difference between spin-singlet and triplet states in the dot, Delta, and the Zeeman splitting, E_Z. If the Zeeman splitting is small, E_Z ll T_K, the competition between the singlet and triplet states enhances the Kondo effect. T_K reaches its maximum around Delta0 and decreases with Delta obeying a power law. If the Zeeman splitting is strong, E_Z gg T_K, the Kondo effect originates from the degeneracy between the singlet state and one of the components of the triplet state at -Delta sim E_Z. We show that T_K exhibits another power-law dependence on E_Z. The mean field theory provides a unified picture to illustrate the crossover between these regimes. The enhancement of the Kondo effect can be understood in terms of the overlap between the Kondo resonant states created around the Fermi level. These resonant states provide the unitary limit of the conductance Gsim 2e2/h. | 31,008 |
Enhance the following text to be more casual in tone: We study state transfer in quantum walk on graphs relative to the adjacency matrix. Our motivation is to understand how the addition of pendant subgraphs affect state transfer. For two graphs G and H, the Frucht-Harary corona product G circ H is obtained by taking G copies of the cone K_1 + H and by connecting the conical vertices according to G. Our work explores conditions under which the corona G circ H exhibits state transfer. We also describe new families of graphs with state transfer based on the corona product. Some of these constructions provide a generalization of related known results. | enhance | Peer-Reviewed Research | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/Cornell-University/arxiv/data | We study state transfer in quantum walk on graphs relative to the adjacency matrix. Our motivation is to understand how the addition of pendant subgraphs affect state transfer. For two graphs G and H, the Frucht-Harary corona product G circ H is obtained by taking G copies of the cone K_1 + H and by connecting the conical vertices according to G. Our work explores conditions under which the corona G circ H exhibits state transfer. We also describe new families of graphs with state transfer based on the corona product. Some of these constructions provide a generalization of related known results. | 31,142 |
Enhance the following text to be more casual in tone: Neutron diffraction and bulk measurements are used to determine the nature of the low-temperature ordered state in LiCu_2O_2, a S1/2 spin-chain compound with competing interactions. The magnetic structure is found to be helimagnetic, with a propagation vector (0. 5, zeta, 0), zeta0. 174. The nearest-neighbor exchange constant and frustration ratio are estimated to be J5. 8 meV and J_2/J_10. 29, respectively. For idealized spin chains these parameter values would signify a gapped spin-liquid ground state. Long-range ordering is attributed to intrinsic non-stoichiometry. | enhance | Peer-Reviewed Research | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/Cornell-University/arxiv/data | Neutron diffraction and bulk measurements are used to determine the nature of the low-temperature ordered state in LiCu_2O_2, a S1/2 spin-chain compound with competing interactions. The magnetic structure is found to be helimagnetic, with a propagation vector (0. 5, zeta, 0), zeta0. 174. The nearest-neighbor exchange constant and frustration ratio are estimated to be J5. 8 meV and J_2/J_10. 29, respectively. For idealized spin chains these parameter values would signify a gapped spin-liquid ground state. Long-range ordering is attributed to intrinsic non-stoichiometry. | 31,230 |
Enhance the following text to be more academic in tone: We explore the application of deep residual learning and dilated convolutions to the keyword spotting task, using the recently-released Google Speech Commands Dataset as our benchmark. Our best residual network (ResNet) implementation significantly outperforms Google's previous convolutional neural networks in terms of accuracy. By varying model depth and width, we can achieve compact models that also outperform previous small-footprint variants. To our knowledge, we are the first to examine these approaches for keyword spotting, and our results establish an open-source state-of-the-art reference to support the development of future speech-based interfaces. | enhance | Peer-Reviewed Research | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/Cornell-University/arxiv/data | We explore the application of deep residual learning and dilated convolutions to the keyword spotting task, using the recently-released Google Speech Commands Dataset as our benchmark. Our best residual network (ResNet) implementation significantly outperforms Google's previous convolutional neural networks in terms of accuracy. By varying model depth and width, we can achieve compact models that also outperform previous small-footprint variants. To our knowledge, we are the first to examine these approaches for keyword spotting, and our results establish an open-source state-of-the-art reference to support the development of future speech-based interfaces. | 31,321 |
Enhance the following text to be more academic in tone: Across the sciences, the statistical analysis of networks is central to the production of knowledge on relational phenomena. Because of their ability to model the structural generation of networks, exponential random graph models are a ubiquitous means of analysis. However, they are limited by an inability to model networks with valued edges. We solve this problem by introducing a class of generalized exponential random graph models capable of modeling networks whose edges are valued, thus greatly expanding the scope of networks applied researchers can subject to statistical analysis. | enhance | Peer-Reviewed Research | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/Cornell-University/arxiv/data | Across the sciences, the statistical analysis of networks is central to the production of knowledge on relational phenomena. Because of their ability to model the structural generation of networks, exponential random graph models are a ubiquitous means of analysis. However, they are limited by an inability to model networks with valued edges. We solve this problem by introducing a class of generalized exponential random graph models capable of modeling networks whose edges are valued, thus greatly expanding the scope of networks applied researchers can subject to statistical analysis. | 32,313 |
Enhance the following text to be more academic in tone: We define the notion of a partially additive Kleene algebra, which is a Kleene algebra where the + operation need only be partially defined. These structures formalize a number of examples that cannot be handled directly by Kleene algebras. We relate partially additive Kleene algebras to existing algebraic structures, by exhibiting categorical connections with Kleene algebras, partially additive categories, and closed semirings. | enhance | Peer-Reviewed Research | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/Cornell-University/arxiv/data | We define the notion of a partially additive Kleene algebra, which is a Kleene algebra where the + operation need only be partially defined. These structures formalize a number of examples that cannot be handled directly by Kleene algebras. We relate partially additive Kleene algebras to existing algebraic structures, by exhibiting categorical connections with Kleene algebras, partially additive categories, and closed semirings. | 32,604 |
Enhance the following text to be more casual in tone: The strong factorization conjecture states that a proper birational map between smooth algebraic varieties over a field of characteristic zero can be factored as a sequence of smooth blowups followed by a sequence of smooth blowdowns. We prove a local version of the strong factorization conjecture for toric varieties. Combining this result with the monomialization theorem of S. D. Cutkosky, we obtain a strong factorization theorem for local rings dominated by a valuation. | enhance | Peer-Reviewed Research | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/Cornell-University/arxiv/data | The strong factorization conjecture states that a proper birational map between smooth algebraic varieties over a field of characteristic zero can be factored as a sequence of smooth blowups followed by a sequence of smooth blowdowns. We prove a local version of the strong factorization conjecture for toric varieties. Combining this result with the monomialization theorem of S. D. Cutkosky, we obtain a strong factorization theorem for local rings dominated by a valuation. | 32,990 |
Enhance the following text to be more professional in tone: We investigate the dependence of friction forces on normal load in incommensurate micrometer size contacts between atomically smooth single-crystal graphite surfaces under ambient conditions. Our experimental results show that these contacts exhibit superlubricity (super-low friction), which is robust against the application of normal load. The measured friction coefficients are essentially zero and independent of the external normal load up to a pressure of 1. 67 MPa. The observation of load-independent superlubricity in micro-scale contacts is a promising result for numerous practical applications. | enhance | Peer-Reviewed Research | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/Cornell-University/arxiv/data | We investigate the dependence of friction forces on normal load in incommensurate micrometer size contacts between atomically smooth single-crystal graphite surfaces under ambient conditions. Our experimental results show that these contacts exhibit superlubricity (super-low friction), which is robust against the application of normal load. The measured friction coefficients are essentially zero and independent of the external normal load up to a pressure of 1. 67 MPa. The observation of load-independent superlubricity in micro-scale contacts is a promising result for numerous practical applications. | 33,398 |
Enhance the following text to be more academic in tone: Recent studies of athermal systems such as dry grains and dense, non-Brownian suspensions have shown that shear can lead to solidification through the process of shear jamming in grains and discontinuous shear thickening in suspensions. The similarities observed between these two distinct phenomena suggest that the physical processes leading to shear-induced rigidity in athermal materials are universal. We present a non-equilibrium statistical mechanics model, which exhibits the phenomenology of these shear-driven transitions: shear jamming and discontinuous shear thickening in different regions of the predicted phase diagram. Our analysis identifies the crucial physical processes underlying shear-driven rigidity transitions, and clarifies the distinct roles played by shearing forces and the density of grains. | enhance | Peer-Reviewed Research | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/Cornell-University/arxiv/data | Recent studies of athermal systems such as dry grains and dense, non-Brownian suspensions have shown that shear can lead to solidification through the process of shear jamming in grains and discontinuous shear thickening in suspensions. The similarities observed between these two distinct phenomena suggest that the physical processes leading to shear-induced rigidity in athermal materials are universal. We present a non-equilibrium statistical mechanics model, which exhibits the phenomenology of these shear-driven transitions: shear jamming and discontinuous shear thickening in different regions of the predicted phase diagram. Our analysis identifies the crucial physical processes underlying shear-driven rigidity transitions, and clarifies the distinct roles played by shearing forces and the density of grains. | 33,494 |
Enhance the following text to be more academic in tone: In classical physics, the familiar sine and cosine functions appear in two forms: (1) geometrical, in the treatment of vectors such as forces and velocities, and (2) differential, as solutions of oscillation and wave equations. These two forms correspond to two different definitions of trigonometric functions, one geometrical using right triangles and unit circles, and the other employing differential equations. Although the two definitions must be equivalent, this equivalence is not demonstrated in textbooks. In this manuscript, the equivalence between the geometrical and the differential definition is presented assuming no a priori knowledge of the properties of sine and cosine functions. We start with the usual length projections on the unit circle and use elementary geometry and elementary calculus to arrive to harmonic differential equations. This more general and abstract treatment not only reveals the equivalence of the two definitions but also provides an instructive perspective on circular and harmonic motion as studied in kinematics. This exercise can help develop an appreciation of abstract thinking in physics. | enhance | Peer-Reviewed Research | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/Cornell-University/arxiv/data | In classical physics, the familiar sine and cosine functions appear in two forms: (1) geometrical, in the treatment of vectors such as forces and velocities, and (2) differential, as solutions of oscillation and wave equations. These two forms correspond to two different definitions of trigonometric functions, one geometrical using right triangles and unit circles, and the other employing differential equations. Although the two definitions must be equivalent, this equivalence is not demonstrated in textbooks. In this manuscript, the equivalence between the geometrical and the differential definition is presented assuming no a priori knowledge of the properties of sine and cosine functions. We start with the usual length projections on the unit circle and use elementary geometry and elementary calculus to arrive to harmonic differential equations. This more general and abstract treatment not only reveals the equivalence of the two definitions but also provides an instructive perspective on circular and harmonic motion as studied in kinematics. This exercise can help develop an appreciation of abstract thinking in physics. | 33,650 |
Enhance the following text to be more professional in tone: We derive the nonlinear sigma model as a peculiar dimensional reduction of Yang-Mills theory. In this framework, pions are reformulated as higher-dimensional gluons arranged in a kinematic configuration that only probes cubic interactions. This procedure yields a purely cubic action for the nonlinear sigma model which exhibits a symmetry enforcing color-kinematics duality. Remarkably, the associated kinematic algebra originates directly from the Poincare algebra in higher dimensions. Applying the same construction to gravity yields a new quartic action for Born-Infeld theory and, applied once more, a cubic action for the special Galileon theory. Since the nonlinear sigma model and special Galileon are subtly encoded in the cubic sectors of Yang-Mills theory and gravity, respectively, their double copy relationship is automatic. | enhance | Peer-Reviewed Research | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/Cornell-University/arxiv/data | We derive the nonlinear sigma model as a peculiar dimensional reduction of Yang-Mills theory. In this framework, pions are reformulated as higher-dimensional gluons arranged in a kinematic configuration that only probes cubic interactions. This procedure yields a purely cubic action for the nonlinear sigma model which exhibits a symmetry enforcing color-kinematics duality. Remarkably, the associated kinematic algebra originates directly from the Poincare algebra in higher dimensions. Applying the same construction to gravity yields a new quartic action for Born-Infeld theory and, applied once more, a cubic action for the special Galileon theory. Since the nonlinear sigma model and special Galileon are subtly encoded in the cubic sectors of Yang-Mills theory and gravity, respectively, their double copy relationship is automatic. | 33,683 |
Enhance the following text to be more professional in tone: Sudden cardiac arrest is a significant public health concern. Successful treatment of cardiac arrest is extremely time sensitive, and use of an automated external defibrillator (AED) where possible significantly increases the probability of survival. Placement of AEDs in public locations can improve survival by enabling bystanders to treat victims of cardiac arrest prior to the arrival of emergency medical responders. However, since the exact locations of future cardiac arrests cannot be known a priori, AEDs must be placed strategically in public locations to ensure their accessibility in the event of an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest emergency. In this paper, we propose a data-driven optimization model for deploying AEDs in public spaces while accounting for uncertainty in future cardiac arrest locations. Our approach involves discretizing a continuous service area into a large set of scenarios, where the probability of cardiac arrest at each location is itself uncertain. We model uncertainty in the spatial risk of cardiac arrest using a polyhedral uncertainty set that we calibrate using historical cardiac arrest data. We propose a solution technique based on row-and-column generation that exploits the structure of the uncertainty set, allowing the algorithm to scale gracefully with the total number of scenarios. | enhance | Peer-Reviewed Research | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/Cornell-University/arxiv/data | Sudden cardiac arrest is a significant public health concern. Successful treatment of cardiac arrest is extremely time sensitive, and use of an automated external defibrillator (AED) where possible significantly increases the probability of survival. Placement of AEDs in public locations can improve survival by enabling bystanders to treat victims of cardiac arrest prior to the arrival of emergency medical responders. However, since the exact locations of future cardiac arrests cannot be known a priori, AEDs must be placed strategically in public locations to ensure their accessibility in the event of an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest emergency. In this paper, we propose a data-driven optimization model for deploying AEDs in public spaces while accounting for uncertainty in future cardiac arrest locations. Our approach involves discretizing a continuous service area into a large set of scenarios, where the probability of cardiac arrest at each location is itself uncertain. We model uncertainty in the spatial risk of cardiac arrest using a polyhedral uncertainty set that we calibrate using historical cardiac arrest data. We propose a solution technique based on row-and-column generation that exploits the structure of the uncertainty set, allowing the algorithm to scale gracefully with the total number of scenarios. Using real cardiac arrest data from the City of Toronto, we conduct an extensive numerical study on AED deployment public locations. We find that hedging against cardiac arrest location uncertainty can produce AED deployments that outperform a intuitive sample average approximation by 9 to 15, and cuts the performance gap with respect to an ex-post model by half. Our findings suggest that accounting for cardiac arrest location uncertainty can lead to improved accessibility of AEDs during cardiac arrest emergencies and the potential for improved survival outcomes. | 33,967 |
Enhance the following text to be more academic in tone: We study photoinduced ultrafast coherent oscillations originating from orbital degrees of freedom in the one-dimensional two-orbital Hubbard model. By solving the time-dependent Schr"odinger equation for the numerically exact many-electron wave function, we obtain time-dependent optical response functions. The calculated spectra show characteristic coherent oscillations that vary with the frequency of probe light. A simple analysis for the dominant oscillating components clarifies that these photoinduced oscillations are caused by the quantum interference between photogenerated states. The oscillation attributed to the Raman-active orbital excitations (orbitons) clearly appears around the charge-transfer peak. | enhance | Peer-Reviewed Research | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/Cornell-University/arxiv/data | We study photoinduced ultrafast coherent oscillations originating from orbital degrees of freedom in the one-dimensional two-orbital Hubbard model. By solving the time-dependent Schr"odinger equation for the numerically exact many-electron wave function, we obtain time-dependent optical response functions. The calculated spectra show characteristic coherent oscillations that vary with the frequency of probe light. A simple analysis for the dominant oscillating components clarifies that these photoinduced oscillations are caused by the quantum interference between photogenerated states. The oscillation attributed to the Raman-active orbital excitations (orbitons) clearly appears around the charge-transfer peak. | 34,136 |
Enhance the following text to be more academic in tone: Particle accelerators represent an indispensable tool in science and industry. However, the size and cost of conventional radio-frequency accelerators limit the utility and reach of this technology. Dielectric laser accelerators (DLAs) provide a compact and cost-effective solution to this problem by driving accelerator nanostructures with visible or near-infrared (NIR) pulsed lasers, resulting in a 104 reduction of scale. Current implementations of DLAs rely on free-space lasers directly incident on the accelerating structures, limiting the scalability and integrability of this technology. Here we present the first experimental demonstration of a waveguide-integrated DLA, designed using a photonic inverse design approach. These on-chip devices accelerate sub-relativistic electrons of initial energy 83. 4 keV by 1. 21 keV over 30 um, providing peak acceleration gradients of 40. 3 MeV/m. This progress represents a significant step towards a completely integrated MeV-scale dielectric laser accelerator. | enhance | Peer-Reviewed Research | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/Cornell-University/arxiv/data | Particle accelerators represent an indispensable tool in science and industry. However, the size and cost of conventional radio-frequency accelerators limit the utility and reach of this technology. Dielectric laser accelerators (DLAs) provide a compact and cost-effective solution to this problem by driving accelerator nanostructures with visible or near-infrared (NIR) pulsed lasers, resulting in a 104 reduction of scale. Current implementations of DLAs rely on free-space lasers directly incident on the accelerating structures, limiting the scalability and integrability of this technology. Here we present the first experimental demonstration of a waveguide-integrated DLA, designed using a photonic inverse design approach. These on-chip devices accelerate sub-relativistic electrons of initial energy 83. 4 keV by 1. 21 keV over 30 um, providing peak acceleration gradients of 40. 3 MeV/m. This progress represents a significant step towards a completely integrated MeV-scale dielectric laser accelerator. | 34,339 |
Enhance the following text to be more technical in tone: The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centre in diamond is emerging as a promising platform for solid-state quantum information processing and nanoscale metrology. Of interest in these applications is the manipulation of the NV charge, which can be attained by optical excitation. Here we use two-color optical microscopy to investigate the dynamics of NV photo-ionization, charge diffusion, and trapping in type-1b diamond. We combine fixed-point laser excitation and scanning fluorescence imaging to locally alter the concentration of negatively charged NVs, and to subsequently probe the corresponding redistribution of charge. We uncover the formation of spatial patterns of trapped charge, which we qualitatively reproduce via a model of the interplay between photo-excited carriers and atomic defects. Further, by using the NV as a probe, we map the relative fraction of positively charged nitrogen upon localized optical excitation. These observations may prove important to transporting quantum information between NVs or to developing three-dimensional, charge-based memories. | enhance | Peer-Reviewed Research | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/Cornell-University/arxiv/data | The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centre in diamond is emerging as a promising platform for solid-state quantum information processing and nanoscale metrology. Of interest in these applications is the manipulation of the NV charge, which can be attained by optical excitation. Here we use two-color optical microscopy to investigate the dynamics of NV photo-ionization, charge diffusion, and trapping in type-1b diamond. We combine fixed-point laser excitation and scanning fluorescence imaging to locally alter the concentration of negatively charged NVs, and to subsequently probe the corresponding redistribution of charge. We uncover the formation of spatial patterns of trapped charge, which we qualitatively reproduce via a model of the interplay between photo-excited carriers and atomic defects. Further, by using the NV as a probe, we map the relative fraction of positively charged nitrogen upon localized optical excitation. These observations may prove important to transporting quantum information between NVs or to developing three-dimensional, charge-based memories. | 34,507 |
Enhance the following text to be more professional in tone: Strong optical laser fields modify the way x rays interact with matter. This allows us to use x rays to gain deeper insight into strong-field processes. Alternatively, optical lasers may be utilized to control the propagation of x rays through a medium. Gas-phase systems are particularly suitable for illustrating the basic principles underlying combined x-ray and laser interactions. Topics addressed include the impact of spin-orbit interaction on the alignment of atomic ions produced in a strong laser field, electromagnetically induced transparency in the x-ray regime, and laser-induced alignment of molecules. | enhance | Peer-Reviewed Research | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/Cornell-University/arxiv/data | Strong optical laser fields modify the way x rays interact with matter. This allows us to use x rays to gain deeper insight into strong-field processes. Alternatively, optical lasers may be utilized to control the propagation of x rays through a medium. Gas-phase systems are particularly suitable for illustrating the basic principles underlying combined x-ray and laser interactions. Topics addressed include the impact of spin-orbit interaction on the alignment of atomic ions produced in a strong laser field, electromagnetically induced transparency in the x-ray regime, and laser-induced alignment of molecules. | 34,540 |
Enhance the following text to be more academic in tone: We establish a precise connection between discrete wavelet transforms (WTs) and entanglement renormalization (ER), a real-space renormalization group transformation for quantum systems on the lattice, in the context of free particle systems. Specifically, we employ Daubechies wavelets to build approximations to the ground state of the critical Ising model, then demonstrate that these states correspond to instances of the multi-scale entanglement renormalization ansatz (MERA), producing the first known analytic MERA for critical systems. | enhance | Peer-Reviewed Research | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/Cornell-University/arxiv/data | We establish a precise connection between discrete wavelet transforms (WTs) and entanglement renormalization (ER), a real-space renormalization group transformation for quantum systems on the lattice, in the context of free particle systems. Specifically, we employ Daubechies wavelets to build approximations to the ground state of the critical Ising model, then demonstrate that these states correspond to instances of the multi-scale entanglement renormalization ansatz (MERA), producing the first known analytic MERA for critical systems. | 34,769 |
Enhance the following text to be more casual in tone: This is a brief review of some of the basic concepts of perturbative QCD, including infrared safety and factorization, relating them to more familiar ideas from quantum mechanics and relativity. It is intended to offer perspective on methods and terms whose use is commonplace, but whose physical origins are sometimes obscure. | enhance | Peer-Reviewed Research | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/Cornell-University/arxiv/data | This is a brief review of some of the basic concepts of perturbative QCD, including infrared safety and factorization, relating them to more familiar ideas from quantum mechanics and relativity. It is intended to offer perspective on methods and terms whose use is commonplace, but whose physical origins are sometimes obscure. | 34,886 |
Enhance the following text to be more academic in tone: In this article, we present a Bayesian hierarchical model for predicting a latent health state from longitudinal clinical measurements. Model development is motivated by the need to integrate multiple sources of data to improve clinical decisions about whether to remove or irradiate a patient's prostate cancer. Existing modeling approaches are extended to accommodate measurement error in cancer state determinations based on biopsied tissue, clinical measurements possibly not missing at random, and informative partial observation of the true state. The proposed model enables estimation of whether an individual's underlying prostate cancer is aggressive, requiring surgery and/or radiation, or indolent, permitting continued surveillance. These individualized predictions can then be communicated to clinicians and patients to inform decision-making. | enhance | Peer-Reviewed Research | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/Cornell-University/arxiv/data | In this article, we present a Bayesian hierarchical model for predicting a latent health state from longitudinal clinical measurements. Model development is motivated by the need to integrate multiple sources of data to improve clinical decisions about whether to remove or irradiate a patient's prostate cancer. Existing modeling approaches are extended to accommodate measurement error in cancer state determinations based on biopsied tissue, clinical measurements possibly not missing at random, and informative partial observation of the true state. The proposed model enables estimation of whether an individual's underlying prostate cancer is aggressive, requiring surgery and/or radiation, or indolent, permitting continued surveillance. These individualized predictions can then be communicated to clinicians and patients to inform decision-making. We demonstrate the model with data from a cohort of low risk prostate cancer patients at Johns Hopkins University and assess predictive accuracy among a subset for whom true cancer state is observed. Simulation studies confirm model performance and explore the impact of adjusting for informative missingness on true state predictions. R code and simulated data available at | 34,889 |
Enhance the following text to be more technical in tone: Two novel computing models based on an infinite tessellation of space-time are introduced. They consist of recursively coupled primitive building blocks. The first model is a scale-invariant generalization of cellular automata, whereas the second one utilizes self-similar Petri nets. Both models are capable of hypercomputations and can, for instance, "solve" the halting problem for Turing machines. These two models are closely related, as they exhibit a step-by-step equivalence for finite computations. On the other hand, they differ greatly for computations that involve an infinite number of building blocks: the first one shows indeterministic behavior whereas the second one halts. Both models are capable of challenging our understanding of computability, causality, and space-time. | enhance | Peer-Reviewed Research | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/Cornell-University/arxiv/data | Two novel computing models based on an infinite tessellation of space-time are introduced. They consist of recursively coupled primitive building blocks. The first model is a scale-invariant generalization of cellular automata, whereas the second one utilizes self-similar Petri nets. Both models are capable of hypercomputations and can, for instance, "solve" the halting problem for Turing machines. These two models are closely related, as they exhibit a step-by-step equivalence for finite computations. On the other hand, they differ greatly for computations that involve an infinite number of building blocks: the first one shows indeterministic behavior whereas the second one halts. Both models are capable of challenging our understanding of computability, causality, and space-time. | 34,999 |
Enhance the following text to be more academic in tone: The effect of pressure on acceptor levels and hole scattering mechanisms in p-GaSe is investigated through Hall effect and resistivity measurements under quasi-hydrostatic conditions up to 4 GPa. The pressure dependence of the hole concentration is interpreted through a carrier statistics equation with a single (nitrogen) or double (tin) acceptor whose ionization energies decrease under pressure due to the dielectric constant increase. The pressure effect on the hole mobility is also accounted for by considering the pressure dependencies of both the phonon frequencies and the hole-phonon coupling constants involved in the scattering rates. | enhance | Peer-Reviewed Research | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/Cornell-University/arxiv/data | The effect of pressure on acceptor levels and hole scattering mechanisms in p-GaSe is investigated through Hall effect and resistivity measurements under quasi-hydrostatic conditions up to 4 GPa. The pressure dependence of the hole concentration is interpreted through a carrier statistics equation with a single (nitrogen) or double (tin) acceptor whose ionization energies decrease under pressure due to the dielectric constant increase. The pressure effect on the hole mobility is also accounted for by considering the pressure dependencies of both the phonon frequencies and the hole-phonon coupling constants involved in the scattering rates. | 35,178 |
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