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Weight training is one of the world's most popular sporting activities. It is also a leading cause of sports injuries, especially among young people whose bodies are still developing. Learn in detail how to avoid injury when weight training, and what you should do if an injury occurs. Pre-training preparation is vital, and this book discusses everything from selecting the right gym and using equipment properly to mental training and proper warm-up routines. The causes and cures for weight-training injuries are clearly described, with a particular emphasis on developing good technique. Methods of self-treatment for injury are given priority, but the book is also clear about when you should see a doctor. Discover: • How to rehabilitate a shoulder injury. • How simple changes in posture can protect your back. • What type of weight training routine you should follow if you are under eighteen. • The importance of good nutrition. • The dangers of performance-enhancing drugs.

The scientists detail how inflammasomes act as integral components of mega-cell death complexes called PANoptosomes for host defense in live viral and bacterial infections. The immunologists have identified how immune sensors in infected cells organize and launch a multi-faceted innate immune response to infections with live viruses and bacteria. The discovery appears in Nature. The findings offer a new paradigm for understanding the functional and regulatory role that inflammasome sensors and cell death complexes play in infections. The work also highlights new therapeutic targets for treatment of diseases such as cancer and inflammatory autoimmune disorders that are associated with abnormal inflammasome sensor activation. Inflammasomes are protein complexes that form in infected cells or cells that sense damage. The complexes include sensors that recognize different viruses, bacteria and other pathogens or danger signals. Inflammasomes drive inflammatory signaling. Those signals activate inflammatory cell death pathways and eliminate the infection but can also contribute to pathological inflammation. Previous research has focused on inflammasomes working alone. “This new work builds on our quest to identify inflammasome regulation,” said corresponding author. “Our study highlights how inflammasomes and multiple cell death components can and do work together in a mega-protein complex called the PANoptosome to activate the innate immune response and unleash PANoptosis.” The laboratory showed that regulatory and molecular interactions among three inflammasome sensors, in concert with cell death proteins, drive formation of a mega-cell death complex called a PANoptosome. Rather than regulating one type of inflammatory programmed cell death, PANoptosomes control three - pyroptosis, apoptosis and necroptosis, referred to as PANoptosis. Investigators also determined that the AIM2 inflammasome sensor served as a master regulator of PANoptosome assembly in response to infections with herpes simplex virus 1 and the Francisella novicida bacterium. AIM2 also proved essential for helping mice survive the infections. “The findings address a central question in the fields of innate immunity, cell death and inflammasome biology,” the author said. The findings build on previous research from the laboratory, which is a pioneer in the field. The author identified one of the first inflammasome sensors and helped to establish inflammasome research. Researchers in the field have focused on how individual inflammasome sensors detect invading pathogens or other threats. Inflammasomes were historically thought to respond by activating one inflammatory cell death pathway. The laboratory has a longstanding interest in understanding regulation of inflammasomes and have identified redundancies among cell death pathways. In 2016, the researchers reported for the first time that influenza infections activated molecules in all three cell death pathways. The scientists called the process PANoptosis. Investigators also determined that a single innate immune sensor called ZBP1 regulated PANoptosis in flu-infected cells. This study laid the foundation for the development of the PANoptosis research area. Now, the group has identified AIM2 as the master regulator of a new PANoptosome. First author used immunoprecipitation, microscopy and other techniques to show that AIM2, other inflammasome sensors Pyrin and ZBP1, and cell death molecules were part of this AIM2-PANoptosome. The PANoptosome drove inflammatory cell death. “This was critical evidence that the inflammasome sensors and molecules from multiple cell death pathways are in the same complex and highlighted the PANoptosome’s role in protecting the host during live pathogenic infections,” the first author said. Live pathogens broadcast their presence more widely to the immune system, which helps to explain why the infections trigger PANoptosome assembly and a more robust immune response. Pathogens can also carry proteins that prevent activation of specific cell death pathways. PANoptosis provides an immune system workaround to protect the host. “Our working hypothesis is that while the sensors involved may vary, most infections will induce formation of these unique innate immune complexes called PANoptosomes to unleash inflammatory cell death, PANoptosis,” the senior author said. The PANoptosome assembly during infections! - 1,371 views

Acne is possibly the most common of all skin conditions, predominantly in young adults and teenagers. At the same time as acne is usually little more than an uncomfortable nuisance, severe cases of acne can outcome in several of the pimples becoming cystic, which can be to a certain extent painful. Acne is usually caused by excess oil creation and bacterial infectivity. Despite the fact that it was once believed that eating certain foods was also a cause of acne, this has been on the whole proven to be wrong. Acne is an inflammatory state of the skin in areas of the body where oil glands are on the whole widespread. The manifestations take account of all symptoms that are associated with a disorder in the oil glands. These take account of the proliferation of blackheads and whiteheads, the emergence of pimples and nodules. Pinheads and nodules are analogous in appearance to pimples but outsized and with the infectivity setting deeper into the skin. They can be very excruciating, in particular at what time found in areas of the body where strain is usually exerted. What Are The Causes of Acne? Regarding what is the cause of acne, the indirect causes of acne are the several changes occurring in the body as an individual reaches the age of teens. In both genders, this stage is marked by an increase in the discharge of the male hormones. These hormones inspire the growth of the organs of the human body over and above in the production of bigger and more many strands of hair; in the same way the sebaceous or oil glands of the skin are in the course of action of growth. The immediate cause of acne At what time looking at how to treat acne, you need to understand that it may be accompanied by infectivity or not. The creation of whiteheads and blackheads all through teenage years is owing to the fact that the pores of the skin are blocked by the emissions of the sebaceous or oil glands. On the other hand, most instances of acne are convoyed by infections of the skin. Very time and again, the quick increase of the hair produces tiny lesions in the skin where bacteria can penetrate. Under normal conditions, the bacteria are forced out all the way through the sweat pores of the skin. Nevertheless, at what time sebaceous glands are widespread; these can clog the pores such that the bacteria are ensnared underneath the skin. There they shape colonies which we make out as pimples, nodules and boils. Can acne be prevented? Keeping in view what is the cause of acne, the growth of the hair cannot be prevented in view of the fact that that is part of the cycle of human progress. What individuals can do to prevent the emergence of the many manifestations of acne is to reduce on their fatty eating. During the period of teenage years, young children should learn to consume green, leafy vegetables. Going time and again to steam baths is very good for softened the oils that have hardened beneath the skin and allowing the sweat to come all the way through. In most cases, activities wherein individuals sweat are recommendable for preventing the build up of fatty substances in the minute openings of the skin. How To Cure Acne Effectively First of all, we must know what is the cause of acne? The bacteria themselves can be eradicated by the precise topical solutions, creams or by the ingestion of anti-microbial drugs. On the other hand, it is not advisable for young those to take the freedom of buying antibiotics from drug stores devoid of a prescription from their family practitioner. Remember that the efficiency of antibiotics counts on how they are applied and only a certified physician will be in a position to establish the right dosage for individuals depending on their body weight. Those ointments and creams that are publicized as efficient to get rid of acne should also be employed with immense care. Even if they worked for acquaintances, keep in mind that the skin types of different individuals will be different from one another. The ointment that works for a buddy may not accomplish any results for you, may even be detrimental. Over and above medical treatments, there are a number of acne home treatments and remedies that, at the same time as never scientifically established to be effectual, are all the same generally used in combating the causes of acne. Even as some of these might in point of fact be useful, most are a bit doubtful. One common home cure is to merge ground nutmeg in the midst of milk and apply to the spot of the acne. Home remedies for acne have been something like for years, but not any have been found to be seriously useful. The best cure for acne is to consult with your general practitioner to find out which course of treatment would be most useful for your meticulous condition and combating the causes of acne.

Develop a plan for consumer participation and engagement in decisions about service provision Outline who you would collaborate with during this process (e.g., internal and external stakeholders) The program will include several internal stakeholders including the students, teachers and the school board. External stakeholder will consist of the religious leaders, parents, counsellors and the government representatives. What individual needs, rights, difference, and preferences do you need to consider Every individual has different needs. Therefore several considerations will be given priority during the process. Privacy, religion, age, beliefs, origin, and traditions are some of the critical issues that will be considered. Mode of communication is also important. What internal and external services do you need? In this case, internal services needed will include teachers providing counseling to the students to prepare them psychologically for the program. External service for the program may involve referring addicted students to rehabilitation centers. Additionally, the organization would need health services for the students in cases of any sexual abuse reported. Lastly, catering services would be required during the program, which can be an internal or external service. List the financial, human and physical resources required and create a budget. Government and organizational funding. Staff managing the program Payment of organization’s staff Payment of counsellors What supporting systems and procedures do you require? First, the organization should inform the school management of the program schedule. Second, the students, external stakeholders such as the parents and professional counsellors should also be informed of the primary goal of the program as well as its scheduled time. Systems to ensure confidentiality of students’ feedbacks should be in place as well. Lastly, the chain of reporting and communication should be known to everyone to achieve the set goals and objectives. - Develop a feedback form that is age appropriate. Please provide feedback on the following issues - Age __________________________________________ - In your view is sexting a good behavior? Why? ______________________________ - Do you think it should be discouraged and punished? Why? ____________________________________________________________________ - Do you think this kind of program is helpful? _______________________________ - Was the counsellor elaborate enough? _____________________________________ - If the same program was to be run what changes would want made? ___________________________________________________________________ - Provide a summary of the timelines, prorates and responsibilities of the program. Since the program is only allocated a single day, by 8:00 am, the venue will be ready and all the students seated. Depending on the circumstances, all stakeholders will be present by 9:00 am. The program will take approximately six hours between 30 and 60 minutes breaks. By the close of business hours, 5:00 pm it is expected that the process will be complete. The primary goal/responsibility of the program is, therefore, to make the students aware of their actions and try to educate them on their impacts. Since there would be a question time, the organization would be able to evaluate and know whether the program was successful as well as get feedback from the students afterward. - Outline the standards, codes, and legislation required to ensure your program is compliant with your organization's policies and procedures and service agreement. As an organization that deals with children, youth and family as a whole, there should be respect to every participant. Respecting the beliefs, cultural values and traditions, religion and mental status is paramount during the program. Furthermore, t freedom of thoughts for every student should be upheld. The students are allowed to make a complaint in case anything makes them uncomfortable as the program proceeds. - Outline possible risks, regulatory and sustainability considerations. Risks that can be encountered include disclosure of the student’s information. Therefore, the feedbacks should be based on anonymity, and no student should be subjected to ridicule by revealing his/her identity. On regulations, the content of the program needs to be ethical and age appropriate. To ensure sustainability, the teachers will be encouraged to hold such independent events more frequently. Implementation and monitoring of the program - Explain the roles and responsibilities of the relevant stakeholders. The students are the major stakeholders in this program because they are meant to benefit from this program. They are therefore responsible for showing cooperation and during the entire exercise. Parents have to be supportive of their children and avail them on the day of the program. The teachers are responsible for ensuring the environment is ample for holding the program. Finally, the government should provide all the required resources like finance and representatives. - Outline how you would monitor service delivery against agreed objectives and budgetary framework for the group. The questionnaire being the means of feedback used, it would assist in finding out whether objectives were met and students enlightened on the dangers of sexting. The parents would also help in finding out whether the program was successful since they can easily observe their children’s reactions and behaviors and provide feedback at a later date. Monitoring of the budget would be done by checking the expenditure against the available funds, both from the organization and the government. - Discuss the way you would monitor service delivery against the objective and budgetary framework Monitoring service delivery will be achieved through an evaluation of the feedback from the students as well as their level of engagement during the program. To cross-check service delivery against the objectives, attendance and compliance of the students in contributing during open forum sessions will be essential. Furthermore, after the program, the school’s administration can be tasked with reporting whether the sexting behavior have subsided. This will further be an indication that the program has met its agreed objectives. Monitoring the budget will be done through an evaluation of successfully delivered services against the costs. In this case, the allocations for the various categories of services will be monitored to ensure they stay within the limits and services provided optimally. - Explain how you would make feedback part of the monitoring process. Having discussed the issue of sexting and guidance given accordingly, the organization would get feedback from the students. The information will assist in finding out if the perception of the students has changed after the listening to various counsellors and speakers on the issue. Furthermore, combining the feedback and observation of their reactions during the process would assist the organization monitor the success of the program. - List the documentation required for the group and ways you would maintain these. The documentation needed for this program includes the following items: - A schedule for the program - Handouts on sexting behavior and its impact on students –to be availed to all stakeholders present during the event. - Feedback form designed for the students – to be given at the end of the program. - A report template to fill in the proceedings of the program. - Explain how your program meets the objectives of the organization. The organizations primary objective is to have program that guide the community on ways of maintaining a sound environment for all and address any other concern they may raise. Therefore, by carrying out the program, the organization’s mandate of intervening in youths’ issues will be met. Furthermore, by ensuring the funds they get from the government are used for a noble course as this, the organizational objectives of accountability and transparency will also be met. - Discuss how you would seek feedback and evaluate this. Feedback is essential since it assists the organization to evaluate whether it was able to meet the set goal and objectives. It also gives room for healthy criticism for future improvement and considerations. In this case, the organization would acquire feedback through the feedback forms as well as following up on the progress of the student behavior after the exercise. The compliments from other stakeholders would also be quite reliable in ascertaining the degree of effectiveness in management and accountability aspects of the organization. From this feedback, what modifications would you implement to meet the changing needs of the clients and budgetary frameworks? The organization should view the criticism as a way of learning. Documenting these concerns would assist the organization in ensuring the same mistakes are not repeated. Therefore to meet the needs and interests of the students in future, having more breaks the middle of the program would assist the students to concentrate and sit still. Additionally, an adjustment on the content to proactively involve the audience through presentations will solve the issue of monotony. Snacks can be offered during the breaks to tackle the issue food insufficiency. On size, there would be the need to have fewer people at each session. To stick to the budgetary allocations, areas with enormous costs will be strategically reduced to balance the deficits in some expenses without necessarily inflating the costs further. To export a reference to this article please select a referencing stye below: My Assignment Help. (2020). Implementing A Program To Address Sexting In Schools. Retrieved from https://myassignmenthelp.com/free-samples/chcccs007-develop-and-implement-service-programs-for-external-stakeholder. "Implementing A Program To Address Sexting In Schools." My Assignment Help, 2020, https://myassignmenthelp.com/free-samples/chcccs007-develop-and-implement-service-programs-for-external-stakeholder. My Assignment Help (2020) Implementing A Program To Address Sexting In Schools [Online]. Available from: https://myassignmenthelp.com/free-samples/chcccs007-develop-and-implement-service-programs-for-external-stakeholder [Accessed 24 February 2024]. My Assignment Help. 'Implementing A Program To Address Sexting In Schools' (My Assignment Help, 2020) <https://myassignmenthelp.com/free-samples/chcccs007-develop-and-implement-service-programs-for-external-stakeholder> accessed 24 February 2024. My Assignment Help. Implementing A Program To Address Sexting In Schools [Internet]. My Assignment Help. 2020 [cited 24 February 2024]. Available from: https://myassignmenthelp.com/free-samples/chcccs007-develop-and-implement-service-programs-for-external-stakeholder.

Socialism in 17th and 18th century France, pp. 750–862 in Die Vorläufer des neueren Sozialismus (ed. Kautsky, 1895) vol. 1, part 2. (+ a review by Bax) A review of it by Bax: Socialism in France in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries occupies the concluding section of the present instalment of the History of Socialism.1 After a brief characterisation of the conditions leading up to the “reforms” of Colbert, Dr. Hugo devotes a long chapter to an exhaustive discussion of the conditions and principal grievances of the peasantry under the “ancien régime.” France, in the period from Louis XIV to the Revolution, Dr. Hugo observes, underwent, agriculturally, and almost identical development to Germany. What in the latter case was accomplished by the thirty years’ war was just as thoroughly effected in France by the religious wars of the second half of the sixteenth century, by the Fronde, and by the glorious government of Louis XIV. (pp. 770–1) In spite of increased taxes, the general position of the peasant in the first half of the sixteenth century had rather improved than become essentially worse. From this time began, however, that desertion of the country for the towns on the part of the nobility which, less than two centuries later, ruined the French peasant under one of the most oppressive systems of absentee landlordism known to history. Accustomed to increased luxury, by the sudden change of economic conditions and the increase of wealth of all kinds at the close of the Middle Ages, the noble was little able to endure the ruin which the religious wars had in many cases brought upon him. The extravagant Court life of the period, to which he had accustomed himself, made demands upon him that could only be met by “squeezing” the peasant in ways and to a degree before unknown. This tendency which the economic development was pressing forward was forced to its utmost limits by the centralising policy of Louis XIV, whose aim it was to turn wealthy and powerful nobles entrenched in their castles into obsequious Court parasites dependent upon his royal bounty. After a short sketch of the industry and legislation of Colbert, Dr. Hugo proceeds to deal with one who may be regarded as the direct ancestor, longo intervallo, of the great Utopian Socialist writers (Owen, Fourier, St. Simon) of the beginning of the present century. Denis Vairasse was a Frenchman, who, after service in the Royal Army, came to England, apparently soon after the advent of Charles II to the throne, for the purpose, as he expressed it, “of penetrating the intrigues of the Court at London, and of investigating the maxims of the Government of this land.” He afterwards wrote a French grammar, “composed for the particular benefit and use of the English.” His great work was also first published in English [online here], and bears the following title-page:- The History of the Sevarites or Sevarambi, a Nation inhabiting Part of the third continent commonly called Terra Australes Incogitae, with an account of the admirable Government, Religion, Customs and Language written by one Captain Siden a worthy Person, who together with many others was cast upon these coasts and lived many years in that country. London, Printed for Henry Broome at the Gun at the West End of St. Paul’s Church Yard, 1675. A second part was published in 1679, “more wonderful and delightful than the first,” which is described, however, as a jejune composition from another hand. The book passed through several editions in France, besides being translated into Dutch, German, and Italian. The form of the narrative recalls More’s Utopia, and earlier works of the same character, but is distinguished from them by its more obviously didactic purpose, and it is this latter aspect which gives its transitional character as a cross between the earlier Utopian writers whose productions meant no more than literary jeux d’esprit, and the later earnest seekers after a “new moral world.” The work of Vairasse called forth numerous imitations even in the eighteenth century, the most important of which are shortly described by Dr. Hugo. 1. Die Klassengegesätze im 16. und 17. Jahrhundert I. Der Calvinismus und die Liga II. Die Zeit der Fronde III. Ludwig XIV IV. Die Getreidepolitik des Ancien Régime 2. Die Bauern und die Landgeistlichkeit I. Die Bauern II. Die Landgeistlichkeit 3. Jean Meslier 4. Die Industrie im 16. und 17. Jahrhundert 6. Die Staatsromane und Reisebeschreibungen des 17. und 18. Jahrhunderts I. La Terre Australe (de Foigny) II. Jacques Massé III. Die Republik der Philosophen (Fontenelle) IV. Restif's La découverte australe und Lettre d'un singe V. Fénelon's Telemach VI. Ramsay's Les Voyages de Cyrus VII. Pechméja's Télèphe. - 1Translated parts of this are e.g. Bernstein 1895: Cromwell and Communism, as well as the contribution of Kautsky (partly): Communism in Central Europe in the Time of the Reformation - 2The wiki-entry on Vairasse mentions that: The conflicts between Protestants and Catholics forced Vairasse into exile in England where he wrote his major work Histoire of Séverambes, a Utopian novel set in Australia. A travel story akin to Thomas More's Utopia and Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels. Authors such as Bayle, Rousseau, Kant and Cabet read it and were probably inspired by some of it and the book was directed referenced by Montesquieu in chapter VI of his book "Spirit of Laws". One of the originalities of this book, presented to the manner of the works of geography or anthropology, is the integration in the novel construction of a direct criticism of the revealed and imposed religions, and in particular of the Catholicism, as practised by the Christians in the 17th century.

Have you ever deleted a bunch of text or graphics from a Word document but found that the words and text below it did not shift up. That can be quite annoying but the problem is easy to fix. What you need to do is turn on the Hidden Characters and Commands in MS Word and then delete the hidden page breaks. Page breaks are simply an instruction that is hidden in Microsoft Word that tell it to put all text and graphics below this point onto a separate page. To add a page break you simply click the INSERT tab on the MS Word ribbon and then click the PAGE BREAK icon. The problem is the Microsoft instructions on how to see and remove page breaks is incomplete, as it does not tell you or show you what to click on inside either the Microsoft Word Desktop application or the Microsoft Word Online app. The short answer is to click the HOME tab on the MS Word Ribbon and then click the old paragraph break icon: and then find the ——— PAGE BREAK ——– line and delete it. If you are still confused watch this 2 minute video tutorial on how to find and remove page breaks in Microsoft Word:

There can be a number of reasons why a voice becomes hoarse. If you remain hoarse for a long period of time you should always seek an opinion from a specialist and have your voice examined for a diagnosis. A medical voice specialist is known as a Laryngologist or Ear, Nose and Throat Surgeon specialising in voice problems or Phoniatrician. They should look at your vocal cords with either a small, rigid telescope introduced through the mouth or a fibre optic endoscope passed through the nose into the throat. It is really important that the specialist is able to examine the vibratory pattern of the vocal cords. To do this s/he must use stroboscopy, high speed digital imaging or videokymography. Most will use stroboscopy whereby a flashing light is used to examine the vibratory pattern of the vocal cords. You should ensure that your specialist uses one of these methods otherwise more subtle abnormalities may be missed. Most specialists should be able to record the images of your larynx onto a computer or video recorder so that you too can see the images if you wish. Some may be able to give you a photograph or digital image so it is worth taking a USB (memory) stick with you when you are seen in the clinic. Hoarseness does not necessarily mean the voice is so strained that you should not use it. In most cases it is caused by new uncontrolled constrictions that have affected the voice but no permanent damage to the voice has been done. The singer sounds hoarse but the voice is not damaged. This uncontrolled constriction can usually be released within a few hours. When this is done the voice is fine and sounds normal. The hoarseness can be due to: • too much or inappropriate muscle tension (i.e. muscle tension imbalance) leading to constriction due to: - singing or speaking with incorrect technique • inflammation due to: - irritation, such as smoke - drying of the vocal cords - acid reflux coming up from the stomach - some medications • structural changes in the vocal cords such as: - the early stages of nodules on the vocal cords - a cyst - a polyp - a bleed into the vocal cord • nerve damage (very rare) When the voice is strained If you have severe and long term uncontrolled constriction the mucous membranes of the vocal cords can become irritated and swell (medical term ‘oedema’). This makes it difficult for the vocal cords to vibrate as rapidly as before resulting in a lower pitch and a darker sound. The swelling also prevents the vocal cords from closing properly, allowing air to whistle through them, creating the hoarse, dark and breathy sound. Singing when the voice is hoarse If a singer sings despite having a hoarse voice (perhaps because of a scheduled concert) s/he must strain to make the vocal cords close properly. This puts large amount of pressure on the cords, especially at the point of the swelling. It takes a lot of strength to ‘squeeze out’ a clear sound from swollen vocal cords. It is, however, possible. Many singers complete concerts even though the high notes may fail. Singing with incorrect technique when the voice is hoarse usually makes your voice even more hoarse. The vocal cords may swell so much after a concert they are no longer able to vibrate normally and the voice simply goes. You often hear singers say, ‘How strange! I was hoarse before I went on stage. When I was singing it went all right but afterwards I couldn’t utter a sound’. This phenomenon is not so strange when you know the physiology of the voice. To sing, the performer has to ‘squeeze out’ notes from swollen vocal cords by constricting them uncontrolledly even more. The vocal cords react afterwards by swelling up even more. A vicious circle Many singers do not believe that singing with swollen vocal cords causes problems because the voice works when the cords are forced together, so the singer keeps on singing and uncontrolled constricting. But the swelling only gets worse the more the singer continues to irritate the vocal cords, especially at the area most affected by the uncontrolled constriction. Eventually this swollen part will stop the rest of the cords from closing properly. This sets up a vicious circle. Only the swollen areas come together which again increases the pressure on the swollen areas which again causes further swelling. At a certain time the vocal cords get a more or less permanent thickening opposite each other at the most swollen area. This thickening gets larger and larger and finally it stops the cords from working. Now the voice fails to the extent that the singer cannot continue her/his career. The singer sees a doctor who diagnoses ‘nodules on the vocal cords’ or ‘singer’s nodes’. By definition, you talk about nodules when there are swellings on both vocal cords opposite each other. Voice rest, speech therapy, or operation If you get nodules it is a sign that something is wrong with your technique. You can try a period of complete voice rest, i.e. no singing, speaking or whispering for 4 – 7 (sometimes 10) days after which most nodules will have disappeared all by themselves. This is usually the fastest way to solve the problem. You can also be referred to a speech therapist who assists the singer in performing exercises which either reduce the effect of the nodules on the voice or cause them to disappear. This is usually a prolonged process. The throat specialist might also suggest an operation where the nodules are removed from the vocal cords. About ten days after the operation the vocal cords are healed. The singer must not speak or sing during this period. As a starting point I always recommend singers to take the period of voice rest as it works fast, is cheap, and has no side effects. Whichever method is used, it is important the singer learns the correct technique so that s/he avoids damaging the voice in the future. Otherwise the singer will become hoarse again, continue to sing on the hoarse voice, get even more hoarse, and the voice fails yet again as the cycle is repeated. This may require another period of voice rest, more speech therapy or another operation. Hoarseness is the first sign that a singer is going wrong. If you continue to be hoarse or suspect the development of nodules, get a diagnosis from a specialist. If the specialist diagnoses nodules, whether they are early or permanent, there are plenty of things you can do and maybe avoid an operation. Prevention is better, give the voice a rest It is better to prevent damage before the voice gets misused and hoarse. If the voice is strained, the vocal cords need rest! Just like getting blisters, the voice needs rest for swelling to disappear. If you keep irritating the vocal cords they will remain swollen. To get rid of a blister on the foot you should give the foot a rest by not wearing the tight shoes that caused the problem. Treat your vocal cords the same way. Do not speak, let the voice rest and spend a few voiceless days without saying a single word – writing notes to the world. If you have been diagnosed with nodules on the vocal cords I recommend a period of total voice rest for 4 – 7 (sometimes 10), depending on how established the nodules are. By total voice rest I mean DO NOT MAKE A SINGLE SOUND! Do not whisper because that tires the voice even more than ordinary speech. Even avoid clearing your throat. Give the vocal cords a rest and write notes instead. This method is very effective and has no side effects. Many discover that it is actually a valuable experience not to speak for two weeks. You may find a whole new side to yourself. If it is absolutely necessary to speak, do so clearly and with conviction with plenty of support and no uncontrolled constriction. It is not a good idea to whisper or be ‘cautious’ because often singers put more uncontrolled constriction on the voice as a result. By doing this, singers often forget all about supporting the voice when they speak quietly, but it is difficult and requires good technique to speak quietly in a correct manner. It is better to add a bit more sound and remember to support well. Relax the voice You must avoid uncontrolled constriction in the throat even when you are not speaking or singing. This is also important when the voice is healthy. Try to relax, inhale deeply, and imagine that the throat is opening up during the inhalation. Hold on to this openness when you exhale and generally be careful not to tighten the muscles around the throat. It is important not to be too worried about the vocal cords. The throat instantly reacts to our emotions. You know the sensation when you are sad: you get an uncontrolled constriction or a ’lump’ in your throat and lose control of the voice. Try to think positively and send happy, warm thoughts to the vocal cords. Exercise while resting the voice You do not have to sit still during a voiceless period. You may use steam inhalations and it is a good idea to use the time to work on breathing and supporting exercises as these do not involve the cords directly. You can also work on body awareness and strengthening the muscles to supply you with the stamina to protect your vocal cords in the future. Be careful not to tighten the throat muscles during physical exercise. If you remain focused about your work throughout a voiceless period you will improve your singing technique more rapidly when you start singing again. After a week or two you should get reviewed by your specialist: - If the nodules are gone you can start to exercise the voice using correct technique to avoid problems in the future. - If small areas of the nodules or the swelling remain, you could try a further week of voice rest until they are completely gone. - In only a few cases, if nothing has changed, may an operation be necessary. But even if it is, the period of voice rest will not have been in vain if you had worked on your technique during the time. Avoid uncontrolled constriction When the vocal cords are back to normal, either due to the voice rest, speech therapy or an operation, you must learn to use the voice without the uncontrolled constriction that caused the problem in the first place. If you avoid this straining constriction it is possible to sing without ruining the voice again. Uncontrolled constriction can be avoided by using the three overall principles. Imagine that you are creating a circus ring, a large opening, or a fortress wall around the vocal cords so they have plenty of room to stretch. The vocal cords can cope with extensive use for long periods of time but CANNOT endure working under the extra strain of uncontrolled constriction. Too much mucus If a singer has too much mucous on the vocal cords, it may be because the mucous membranes of the vocal cords are being irritated. When the mucous membranes dry out or become irritated, mucous is automatically produced to protect the cords. You must find the reason for this irritation; it might be due to a slight infection, an allergy, or uncontrolled constriction. Constantly getting mucous on the vocal cords might be sign of incorrect technique. It is quite common for the voice to protect itself by producing large amounts of mucous, for example after a strenuous performance. If you suspect your technique might be wrong you must remember the three overall principles: use support, use necessary twang and avoid protruding the jaw and tightening the lips. At the initial stages of an infection you should avoid straining the voice. Sing and speak as little as possible and gather strength to fight the infection. Depending on how ill you are, you may need to see a doctor and get a prescription for antibiotics. If at all possible you should avoid singing when you have a fever. If the singing sounds as it should, if the singer does not feel any discomfort while singing, if s/he does not feel ill or have any pain in the throat, then too much mucous may be caused by an allergy. Try to find the cause of the allergy. Perhaps you already have a suspicion of what you may be allergic to? When did the symptoms start? What changes might be related to the symptoms? Try to eliminate whichever factor(s) you think may have caused the allergy and observe if your condition improves. Try to find out what your body is sensitive to and avoid it. Perhaps consult an allergy specialist who can test you for allergies. When you wake up in the morning the voice often sounds ‘woolly’. You have been drawing air back and forth over the mucous membranes all night, maybe you have even slept with an open mouth. This may have dried out the mucous membranes. When you wake up and speak, the dried out mucous membranes cannot make the rapid vibrations which produce a sonorous sound, causing the sound to be husky and irregular – known as the ‘morning voice’. You should let the natural production of mucous take its course. The mucous membranes will soon be moistened and the voice will sound normal again. If you start to clear your throat which dislodges the mucous off the membranes, they will only produce more to cover the exposed, dry area. This makes some singers clear their throat again, compelling the mucous membranes to produce yet more, which the singer dislodges again, and so on. The singer and the mucous membranes can keep each other occupied like this for the rest of the day. Clearing the throat When you clear your throat you dislodge the mucous off the mucous membranes of the vocal cords. It is not damaging to clear your throat. It can be a function of vital importance if mucous is entering the windpipe, but it might irritate the mucous membranes if you do it too often and too vigorously. Instead of clearing your throat to clear mucous let it remain there until it has covered the dry spots on the membranes. Go ahead and use your voice and disregard the woolly sound. Start by humming or speaking, carefully at first, and soon the rapid vibrations of the vocal cords will shake loose the excess mucous. There is another safe way of making excess mucous disappear. Closing your mouth and nasal passage (or block the nose) and at the same time suck inwards and swallow. This creates a partial vacuum that sucks the excess mucous off the vocal cords. Prevention and Emergency Aid Even though a singer’s voice might sound as if it is strained or that it has perhaps completely disappeared, it can often be repaired within a few hours. A large part of our work at Complete Vocal Institute is to give ‘Emergency Aid’. This means I am called out to recording studios or concert tours where singers needs help, either with technically difficult assignments or because they have acute vocal problems. What needs doing depends on the circumstances, but first I ask the singer to see a specialist who can make a diagnosis by looking at the vocal cords, using either a rigid or fibre-optic endoscope and ideally stroboscopy. - Often the report from the doctor is that s/he actually cannot see anything wrong, even though everyone can clearly hear the singer is hoarse and unable to go through with the concert. In this case, just a few hours of working on removing uncontrolled constriction restores the voice as if nothing happened. The support however, will require more physical strength. If the singer is strong and able to supply this extra strength there is no reason why the concert cannot go ahead. - Often the vocal cords are inflamed and irritated, but there are no distinct signs of damage. Also in this case releasing uncontrolled constriction may avoid further irritation to the vocal cords and allow the singer to fulfil the concert engagement. - Sometimes the vocal cords show sign of strain, perhaps with developing nodules. There is not much that can be done as the vocal cords need rest! These days, doctors can administer medicines to reduce the swelling for the singer to get through a concert. It is not always to be recommended as the vocal cords ideally need rest and the condition may be prolonged or may be worsened if the singer keeps on singing. Even very experienced singers can suddenly create uncontrolled constriction around the vocal cords, sometimes to such an extent that s/he can not utter a sound. Emergency Aid over the phone Sometimes there is not enough time to get to the singer before a concert so we have to work over the phone. In order to be able to give Emergency Aid over the phone it is helpful to have worked with the singer previously. The reason for vocal problems Dried out mucous membranes, too much mucous and bad monitoring systems (loudspeaker systems used on stage so the singer can hear her/himself) can give the impression that the voice is not working as it should and the singer can be knocked off course regarding the technique. When the voice does not respond normally, the singer often compensates with uncontrolled constriction. This uncontrolled constriction hinders the voice in working even more which again can lead to even more uncontrolled constriction. It is important not to go astray and start this vicious circle where good technique is replaced by uncontrolled constriction. The importance of physical strength Often problems occur because a singer runs out of strength. If a singer starts getting tired on tour or during extended recording sessions, s/he will lack the necessary strength to support the notes to avoid uncontrolled constriction. Many singers experience this at the end of a concert. With no more physical strength left the voice feels tired. The uncontrolled constriction puts a strain on the vocal cords and you have to use even more strength to sing with this uncontrolled constriction which is yet more tiring. Typically, the high notes are the first to fail and the volume decreases. If a singer does not remove uncontrolled constriction by having a good rest and gathering new strength, new uncontrolled constrictions develop. The singer begins to feel hoarse and the hoarseness grows worse over time. Finally, the voice might become so hampered by uncontrolled constriction that Emergency Aid is required to avoid cancelling the rest of the tour or recording sessions. It is essential to get enough sleep, especially on demanding tours. Without enough sleep the vocal cords do not get time to recover from the irritation that might have developed during the day. Sleep is also necessary for rebuilding physical strength vital to support. How much sleep a singer requires varies. You must know and respect your needs if you want to survive a demanding period. Eating and drinking Many singers are flooded with well-intentioned advice if they become hoarse, e.g. “a raw egg yolk with Tabasco”, “warm milk with honey (you know, honey lubricates so well)”, “a few drops of ink taken in a glass of water”, “definitely not chocolate”, “always something hot”, “always something cold” and so on. How is one supposed to know what advice works and what does not? It is not possible to try them all! If you are familiar with anatomy you will know the vocal cords are at the top of the windpipe (trachea) and that everything you eat and drink enters the gullet (oesophagus), not the windpipe. Food and drink, therefore, never come into contact with the vocal cords unless it goes down the wrong way and you choke. And I have heard many suggestions but I have never heard THAT suggestion! So it is not logical that food and drink should be used to lubricate the voice. On the other hand, certain foods and drinks can have an effect on some singers. It could just be comforting or have a psychological effect. You are the best judge of whether it helps to eat or drink something or not. If you feel that it helps, then carry on as long as it does no harm. Breathing in steam means that moisture goes straight to the mucous membrane of the vocal cords. If you are hoarse you may ‘steam’ your cords and mucous membranes by inhaling the steam from a bowl of hot water with camomile or other herbs such as thyme added. Experiment to find out what suits you best. Use a bowl, a large towel, and an alarm timer. Put a handful of camomile flowers into the bowl and pour boiling water over them. Set the timer for a maximum of ten minutes, put the towel over your head and inhale the steam. Be careful not to burn or scald yourself but do not let the water cool off before you put your head above it. Within the first ten minutes various essential oils are released into the steam which are beneficial to the mucous membranes. Inhale through the nose and mouth. You must wait at least thirty minutes before speaking after the inhalation as it is important to let the membranes rest. When you begin to speak, do it softly to start with. Do not clear the mucous off the membranes, i.e. by clearing your throat. Let it stay even though the voice may sound strange. When the membranes are ready, they will loosen the excess mucous. You may steam the vocal cords as often as you think is necessary, but remember not to speak for thirty minutes afterwards. Let the excess mucous remain until it loosens itself and stop the steaming approximately four hours before you have to sing. Alcohol can make singing more difficult as it dilates blood vessels. After a big ‘night out’ the whites of your eyes often turn red because blood vessels that are not usually visible dilate and become visible. The blood vessels in the mucous membranes of the vocal cords also dilate and the vocal cords become slightly swollen. Some singers will experience this as increasing difficulty and requires more strength to reach high notes. How much alcohol a singer can take before their mucous membranes swell varies from singer to singer. Some are aware of difficulties after just a couple of beers, while others seem to be able to drink inconceivable amounts without problems. You must get to know your limits and respect your body’s warning signals. When smoke is inhaled it comes into contact with the mucous membranes of the vocal cords causing them to become irritated and dry increasing the likelihood of developing uncontrolled constriction. Avoiding smoke is difficult in the music business. How different mucous membranes react to smoke varies a great deal. I know singers who cannot tolerate a single cigarette and others who inhale cigars all day long with no audible effect on their voices. You must know your limits and respect your body’s signals. I must emphasise that I do not recommend that singers smoke but if you are a smoker, you should be aware that it is not necessarily a good idea to stop just before an important assignment such as a studio recording or a tour because also the sudden ABSENCE of smoke may have an intense effect on the voice of a smoker. If the mucous membranes of the cords are continuously exposed to smoke they compensate by producing more mucous to counteract the drying effect of the smoke. As a result the balance of the smoker’s mucous membranes are maintained. If you then stop smoking the cords will continue to produce the same amount of mucous but this will now be too much as there is no drying effect from smoke. Therefore there will be too much mucous and the cords will be harder to control. This means that even though a singer may want to give the voice extra favourable conditions in preparation for a demanding job it may be counter-productive. All things being equal a non-smoker is generally healthier than a smoker, not only their voices, so there are definite advantages to quitting smoking. The voice’s adaptation to new conditions is variable and can take anywhere between a few weeks to three/four months. Stick to correct technique The best you can do as a singer, whatever challenges you are subjected to, is to stick to techniques you are familiar with and KNOW work. Even if the voice does not sound normal, keep using your technique. If you are becoming hoarse and the notes require double the normal amount of strength, give them double the support and maintain the sensation of singing without uncontrolled constriction. Likewise, if the monitoring conditions are bad, you should do as you usually do. Try not to sing more powerfully just because you cannot hear yourself. Get used to singing more on the basis of the physical sensation of correct singing rather than just on what you can hear. That way these hurdles will not lead you astray.

Although AI is a technology, its development and use are activities that require changes in human behavior. The challenges related to using AI are therefore the same as with any other organizational development and change management processes. The three pillars of AI 1. Business orientation – AI applications need to solve real business problems. 2. Competence – competence in the organization must be sufficient for the development of AI solutions. 3. Data – data must serve a purpose, be of high quality, and be systematically maintained. In order for the three pillars to support each other and work together, the right kind of organization and interaction are also required. In this section, we’ll examine the challenges related to organizations and interaction. The three pillars from the picture above – business, competence, and data – will be covered in Chapter 3. Managing AI projects and development work means continuous change management. As we’ll see with the industry-specific AI solutions presented later in this chapter, there is no single right way to structure an organization when it comes to AI development. An organization is a balance between hierarchical structures and self-guided ways of working, both of which have their advantages and disadvantages (see chart below). The challenge is to identify, design, and implement a model that supports the strengths of both approaches. Hierarchical structures support centralized management, while decentralized ones support self-guided. Some degree of centralization helps promote the development of competence. In a more decentralized model, internal networks can help achieve the same effect. Harvard Business Review’s article, “Building the AI-Powered Organization” in the “Organizing for Scale” section, illustrates the dynamics of decentralization and centralization. Tools for an agile organization Whether an organization’s model is centralized or decentralized, there are well-established ways of organizing teams and activities. There are a few principles, practices, and tools that work and some of these will be covered here. Virtual teams are usually decentralized and communicate digitally. However, virtual teams are not the only route to success. Regardless of the organization type, it’s essential to find the right combination when it comes to the distribution of the budget, the allocation of people's work, and the flow of information between different stakeholders. AI projects and development usually require technology and IT architecture changes that the IT department may not be able to implement in an agile way. The cure for this is the “dual IT solution”, where there is a software interface between new application development and traditional systems for necessary data transfer and use of server resources. The use of a ready-made agile development framework promotes cooperation and communication between relevant parties, as well as working towards a common goal. There are many useful frameworks and tools available. An example of this is the scaled agile framework. For AI development, it’s worth learning about the development of digital services, where cross-disciplinary teams and service design are commonplace. The development of AI is multidisciplinary and always requires several different perspectives. The composition of the team should also adapt to the different phases of the development project. In AI projects, interaction is often about managing expectations. AI projects are people-centered projects. Indeed, deficiencies in communication, building common understanding, and change management are the most common reasons where AI projects fail – not the technology itself. In the most successful projects, the teams responsible for AI development (technology) and exploitation (business) spend the time required to reach a clear common understanding of goals and metrics. Before starting a project, it’s only possible to create a superficial level of consensus. If participants do not deepen this during the project, the result can be a situation where goals and metrics mean different things to different participants. The time spent on careful goal definition and interaction therefore pays for itself many times over. The power of examples Often the same AI technology is suitable for many different uses. It’s therefore worth inviting people from different organizations to talk about their own AI solutions and applications. Concrete examples can inspire people to think about how a similar solution could be used for their own activities. One of the most effective ways to increase AI interest and knowledge is through internal events, where your own people talk about their development projects and their successes and potential failures. One day a year is too rare for this purpose. We recommend holding regular events on a quarterly or monthly basis, or even more frequently. As with staff training in general, systematic and long-term sharing of experiences produces the best results. In internal and inter-organizational events, demos are the most effective means of communication. Technically, simple demo versions tend to work better than just slideshows. Agile development of an AI solution There is a company that builds AI solutions based on an agile development model using two-week cycles. At the end of each development sprint, the developers organize a demo for a group of business representatives where they present the progress, discuss the outputs, and explain what happens next. AI projects are often on the edge of something new, and this is why it’s important to clarify the concepts in order to talk about them. You should also use concepts everyone can understand. A simple way to ensure a common language and understanding is to visualize the stages of the project by answering the questions: who, what, how, and when? In AI projects, the organizing and interaction do not depend too much on the industry or the size of the company – instead, they are based more on the company’s way of operating. These key factors should be kept in mind when planning development projects, as they are easily forgotten when implementing. Sign up to solve exercises In the first chapter, you learned about the following: How artificial intelligence is already a part of our everyday lives Examples of natural language and machine vision artificial intelligence applications as well as numerical artificial intelligence solutions Basic information on artificial intelligence and machine learning How to identify three categories of machine learning: supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning How artificial intelligence is currently narrow, and not yet the self-conscious, general artificial intelligence of science fiction The basic pillars of artificial intelligence utilization: business orientation, competence, and data Managing artificial intelligence projects involves continuous change management where organization and interaction are crucial factors

A 15-Year-Old Jack Andrake May Have Revolutionized How We Detect CancerA child-prodigy, 15-year old Jack Andrake may have changed the course of medicine. The school boy from Crownsville, Maryland, invented a simple test for detection of mesothelin, a biological indicator for early stage pancreatic cancer. This dangerous cancer killed Steve Jobs, and it kills 19 out of 20 patients after five years. (Image courtesy of the BBC)Pancreatic cancer is very difficult to detect, but Andrake may have unlocked the disease and in route to save millions. His test works in a similar way to diabetic tests. It uses paper and a drop of blood or urine to determine if patients carry the mesothelin. After early results, it is said that this almost instant test is 90 percent accurate. Incredibly it costs only 3 cents! Andraka says that these tests are “cool” because they are applicable to other diseases, like other forms of cancer, tuberculosis, HIV, and environmental contaminants like E Coli or salmonella. “Fabulous story. Very inspiring. I love this kid!! We need to hear more stories like this! Pancreatic cancer is a devastating killer and this brilliant young man may have found a way to detect it early! Sad to read that so many scientists blew him off, probably because of their lack of respect for a teenager’s mind’.”, said Manhattan Orthopedic Care physician, Dr. Armin Tehrany.Last month, Andraka, 15, won $75,000 in scholarship funds at the 2012 Intel Science Fair for his invention.

Most people are aware of the fact that fizzy drinks are not good for your teeth and health generally but did you know that a standard can of regular Coke contains over 9 teaspoons of sugar! That’s a lot of empty calories and potential tooth rotting capability. So, quite naturally people are choosing what they perceive to be healthier alternatives. However, new research by the Universities of Liverpool and London published in the online medical journal BMJ Open highlights the fact that some fruit juices and smoothies aimed at children contain free sugars which are still contributing between 2-4 teaspoons of sugar per drink. My advice is to check the labels first before buying – look out for labels such as “Fructose”, “Dextrose”, “Glucose” or “Dextrin’ and look at how much combined sugar is in the product. As a guide: High: more than 22.5g of total sugars per 100g Low: 5g of total sugars or less per 100g

“India is on a path towards sustainable development by achieving Energy Independence”, said Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, US Department of Energy. The whole world is stepping forward to make ambitious energy development infrastructure in their countries and In this race, India could be a winning horse, as predicted by the US Department of Energy in their research study. As the World’s largest economy, India is focusing on the development of Energy infrastructure. To fulfill its energy requirements for the upcoming decades and achieve self-reliance, India has set a target of investing $3 trillion in the development of its energy infrastructure as a part of the ‘Atma Nirbhar Bharat Mission’ reported PTI news. Becoming self dependent in the Energy sector, it is not as simple but as a leading economy, India’s priority lies in the growth and modernization of its energy industry. By achieving Energy independence, India would have had significant positive effects on its economy, as savings up to $240 billion, India’s 90% of yearly spending on fossil fuel imports, also this will save India’s $2.5 trillion by 2047. India’s unexpectedly rapid strides towards global competitiveness will enhance its position in the international market sooner than anticipated. “According to our research, India’s energy infrastructure is in need of a massive investment of $3 trillion in the upcoming decades, and it is imperative to prioritize the development of new energy assets that are both economically viable and environmentally sustainable to ensure long-term financial stability”, said Amol Phadke, Berkeley Lab staff Scientist. The Indian Government has already set a target to generate more than 500 GW of non-fossil electricity by 2030 to achieve energy independence through which 80% of the clean grid would regulate till 2040 and 90% of clean grid till 2047. Recently, India has discovered almost 6 million metric tons of lithium deposits in Indian-administered Kashmir and this could be used for the production of Lithium-ion batteries and new electric vehicles. According to the report, all the vehicles would be replaced with EV’s by 2035. Renewable hydrogen energy would also be use in most cases.” In upcoming decades, India will adopt a positive environment for the development of energy infrastructure”, said author and researcher at Berkeley Laboratory, Priyanka Mohanty. As a leading economy in the world, the Indian Industry must adapt the thought for clean technology such as production of electric vehicles and green steel. This will keep India driving towards its goal to accomplish self-dependence.

Can Ketamine Treat PTSD? Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating psychiatric condition caused by exposure to a terrifying or traumatic event. Individuals with PTSD may experience flashbacks, nightmares, severe anxiety, and uncontrollable or intrusive thoughts about the event. About eight percent of the population will experience PTSD over the course of their life. This condition is significantly more common among combat veterans, with nearly a quarter developing it during their lifetimes. The standard treatment involves some form of psychotherapy, oral anti-depressants, or some combination. Many psychotherapies (e.g., exposure therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, cognitive processing therapy, etc.) require patients to confront aspects of the traumatic event or how they think about it. While these therapies can be effective, they can also be stressful, causing many to stop treatment early. The FDA has approved two medications, sertraline, and paroxetine, for the treatment of PTSD. These medications have several drawbacks. They take four to six weeks to start working. They also come with many side effects that lead many to stop taking them. Even when patients stick with the medications, only around 30 percent achieve remission. While other medicines have been used, the evidence for their efficacy remains questionable. As a result, there is a desperate need for faster, more effective, and more tolerable treatments for PTSD. Why Test Ketamine for PTSD? Over the past few years, ketamine has been explored as a potential solution. Researchers have turned to this medication for several reasons. One reason has to do with how ketamine acts in the brain. Ketamine is an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA) receptor antagonist. This means that it increases the amount of glutamate (a chemical messenger in the brain) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which helps neurons grow and form new connections. Early animal studies indicate that glutamate and BDNF play important roles in PTSD. One study found low levels of glutamate in mice exhibiting PTSD-like behavior after exposure to stress. Other experiments have found that several brain regions associated with fear and mood regulation had shrunk in mice after similar stress tests, suggesting BDNF might help rebuild these atrophied areas. Ketamine is also well-established as a rapid-acting antidepressant. Since depression is a prominent symptom of PTSD, it should help with this part of the condition. With all this in mind, researchers turned theory into practice and began testing ketamine as a treatment for PTSD in human participants. In a 2013 study, an army veteran who was given a single infusion of ketamine experienced rapid and robust relief of his PTSD symptoms that lasted 15 days. Following this finding, another group of researchers conducted a randomized controlled trial (RCT), meaning they gave one group ketamine and another a placebo. They found that PTSD levels were significantly lower in the ketamine group 24 hours after the infusion, and the effects persisted for around seven days. Experimenters, hoping to extend the amount of time before symptoms returned, tried giving subjects repeated infusions of ketamine. In one study, patients received six infusions over two weeks. Eighty percent of patients achieved remission for 41 days on average. Ketamine With Psychotherapy While 41 days is a significant amount of time, more sustained relief would be ideal. Instead of using more ketamine treatments, some researchers have explored whether the effect could be extended when combined with psychotherapy. One of the commonly cited reasons for doing this is that PTSD is associated with deficits in what is known as “memory reconsolidation,” which occurs when a recalled memory is changed or altered in some way. Normal memories decay or degrade over time. Some theorists believe that for patients with PTSD, their trauma memories remain as clear and vivid as the day they were formed. Many therapies target this process of reconsolidation. Ketamine is associated with neurogenesis. Recent studies have found that neurogenesis is important in reconsolidation. As a result, researchers have tested whether therapy might extend the effects of ketamine. One study which combined ketamine with prolonged exposure therapy found that after 90 days, the ketamine group had lower PTSD symptoms when compared to the group that received a placebo. Prevention Vs. Treatment Aside from comparing ketamine with and without therapy, researchers have tested its effects on PTSD when administered at different stages in the PTSD process. A recent meta-analysis compiled all the research on combat veterans and found some surprising results. Most notably, they found that when given during the early stages of PTSD (1-3 months after the traumatic event), ketamine exacerbated their symptoms. However, when administered beyond this stage, ketamine was consistently helpful. Exactly why the timeline is so important is unclear. Ketamine appears to be a powerful treatment for PTSD. With that said, there are some caveats. When administered on its own, the effects are short-lasting. Repeated infusions can extend the benefits, but only to around 41 days. Psychotherapy may prolong the therapeutic results further, but more research will need to be done to confirm this. Lastly, the treatment may not work for all PTSD patients, especially those who experienced their trauma more recently. If you feel you need to see a mental health professional or could use help deciding which service is right for you, please give us a call at 805-204-2502 or fill out an appointment request here. We have a wide variety of providers, including therapists, psychiatrists, nurse practitioners, and nutritional therapists who can see you in as little as one day via teletherapy. Want to find out if Heading is right for you? Complete our consultation form and an intake specialist will get in touch.

Runes to text→ Text to Runes * Paste in some rune text or use the keyboard below Text to runes Want to translate a regular text into runes instead? Then check out the rune converter! It currently features three futharks - elder, younger, anglo-saxon and can be used to turn text into either of those Good to know about the runes Meaning that each rune symbolizes a certain noise that you can make with your mouth - instead of having a one to one conversion between a latin letter and rune letter. For example the rune ᚦ makes a noise that is similar to the english written "th" and you can see we need two letter to express that sound. Similar differences occur even nowadays between different languages, for example the English letter A and Estonian letter A - even though they are written the same way they express a different sound. So this is something to keep in mind when using runes, they transfer better when using phonetically. The translator on here I've used the most common and agreed upon way of transfering runes to the English sounding alphabet. The runic alphabet is called a futhark Our current collection of letters is called an alphabet because alpha-beta are the two first letters. It's the same for runes, the first six letters are F U Th A R K. There is no agreed reason or evidence why it's so different from all the other writing systems where always an alphabet is used. The main speculated reasons are that it's an alternate greek alphabet that was written this way or that the futhark sequence we know nowadays is some magical/cryptic sequence instead of the regular ABC sequence and that for unknown reasons it became the widely used version. Runes were used to write different languages As you can see here - there are three different futharks, they each symbolize a different language. There are actually more futharks in the world with one of the oldest being a Portugese one, if you're interested in that look up on youtube Arith Härger as he has done an amazing job exploring that. There's also a gothic futhark and numerous others as well. With the futharks depicted on here the oldest is the Elder Futhark and that was used to write the proto-norse language. The Younger Futhark was used to write Old Norse and was the one in common use during the Viking age. The Anglo-Saxon futhark was used in England by the inhabitants of that land to write Old English. The runes have names At least the Anglo-Saxon and Younger Futhark ones do. We know these from old poems that were used to remember the runes - similar to some of the childrens songs you see today where they sing something along the lines of "a is for apple, b is for bee, c is for cat and d is for dog". The rune poems we know are from Icelandic, Old Norwegian and English backgrounds and you can find them on the interenet, I believe wikipedia has them all listed out as well. The runes did have magical purposes even in the old days Now it's some-what debated if the runes were only used to write a language or for magical purpose as well. I think it's very clear they had magical meanings to them, as you can see from for example the Kragehul spear shaft or Lindholm amulet that they feature sequences of runes that make no sense. Now unless the person was having a seizure while writing these things it's pretty clear they are some kind of chants. For example the lindholm amulet that was likely created around the years 100-400 AD reads "ᛖᚲᛖᚱᛁᛚᚨᛉᛋᚨ[ᚹ]ᛁᛚᚨᚷᚨᛉᚺᚨᛏᛖᚲᚨ᛬ | ᚨᚨᚨᚨᚨᚨᚨᚨᛉᛉᛉᚾᚾ[ᚾ]ᛒᛗᚢᛏᛏᛏ᛬ᚨᛚᚢ᛬" and as you can see features a row of ᚨ runes. We know this rune means "god" in the rune poems so it's speculated it's calling upon a certain god (Odin perhaps?) or a number of gods. It's very clear that the magical purpose of the runes is not a medieval/modern creation but was already at play back then - of course there is a lot of new age nonsense attributed to the runes as well. Bindrunes were a thing back in the day A lot of the runic inscriptions we find feature some kind of a bindrune. Meaning two runes are written as one. If this was done for some magical purpose or to save space is unknown - perhaps both. They do look beautiful though, some examples are: The Kragehul spearshaft (ᚷᚨ written as one rune), Kylver runestone (Stacked tiwaz runes, these could actually indicate to the 3 aetts), The rök runestone(ᛅᚦ written as one) and so on

Throughout the growing season, farmers utilize stewardship practices for proper pesticide use while protecting crops from insect pests and also protecting pollinators. NCGA supports the BeSure! campaign as one way to support farmers, protect bees and other wildlife. Some of the other groups we work with include: - Honey Bee Health Coalition - Farmers for Monarchs - EDF Monarch Butterfly Habitat Exchange - Bee and Butterfly Habitat Fund You can find a wealth of information on protecting pollinators in NCGA’s publication Best Management Practices for Pollinator Protection in Field Corn at https://cdn.ncga.com/file/133/HBHC_Corn_030119.pdf. Keystone Monarch Collaborative also offers an excellent resource called the Insect Pollinators and Pesticide Product Stewardship guide. Knowing and following label instructions is a key step to protect all pollinators. Farmers and applicators know that reading and following labels are the first and most important consideration when handling any pesticide. Cooperation and communication among farmers, landowners, applicators, crop advisors, and local officials greatly increase successfully protecting insect pollinators and habitats. Here are a few additional factors to consider for integrated pest management: - Understand Pollinator Habits: Pollinators are most at risk from pesticides applied to crops or other plants that are blooming. Before applying pesticides, be aware of the crop’s bloom stage, and nearby pollinator habitat. - Evaluate the Weather: Applying pesticides before hot weather can lead to vapor drift, which could impact neighboring pollinator habitat. Farmers should also assess wind strength and direction to avoid drift. - Nozzle Selection: Adjust your nozzle(s) and pressure to make bigger droplets. Bigger droplets fall faster, so they are less likely to drift with the wind. - Buffer Regions: Develop buffer regions beyond the field or land that are designated to be free of pesticide application. - Choose appropriate chemicals: Look for chemistries that are softer and have lower residual toxicity values, compare labels, and look for and understand the EPA symbols on labels. - Apply only when needed: Scout regularly to ensure that you are only treating crops when necessary when they meet or exceed the recommended thresholds for pests or contamination.

Ever wondered what those adorable little axolotls munch on in the wild? Well, get ready to dive into the fascinating world of their diet. These aquatic creatures have quite the appetite for meaty treats, gobbling up insects, worms, slugs, snails, and even small crustaceans. They’re like underwater hunters with their rudimentary teeth that allow them to snap down on their prey. But here’s the interesting part: they can’t chew or tear their food! Instead, they open wide and suck in water along with their meal, swallowing it whole. Now, if you’re thinking of keeping an axolotl as a pet (which I highly recommend because they’re just too cute), you need to know how to replicate their natural diet. Earthworms, daphnia, bloodworms – these live food sources are way more nutritious than boring old pellets or freeze-dried options. So stick around as we explore everything from hunting techniques to seasonal changes affecting these critters’ meals. Trust me, it’s going to be a wild ride! - Axolotls in the wild have a varied diet that includes insects, worms, slugs, snails, small crustaceans, crickets, mosquito larvae, small fish, and other small animals. - They have rudimentary teeth and cannot chew or tear their food, so they swallow it whole. - In captivity, axolotls should be fed a similar diet to what they eat in the wild, including live food sources like earthworms, daphnia, bloodworms, blackworms, brine shrimp, and tubifex. - Live food sources are more nutritious than pellets or freeze-dried options, and offering a variety of meat-based foods is important because not all axolotls enjoy the same types of food. The Diet of Axolotls in the Wild To ensure the nutritional needs and overall health of axolotls in the wild, it’s important to understand their diet. Axolotls are carnivorous predators. They feed on a variety of animals, including worms, insects, tadpoles, brine shrimp, and small fish. Their diet should consist of live food sources that provide essential nutrients for their growth and development. By meeting their specific dietary requirements, axolotls can maintain optimal health and thrive in their natural habitat. According to research by the Amphibian Foundation, axolotls, being carnivorous, enjoy a smorgasbord of aquatic invertebrates, small fish, and even fellow amphibian larvae. An eclectic mix, indeed! |Frequency of Consumption Nutritional Needs and Health A balanced diet is the cornerstone of any organism’s health and well-being, and axolotls are no exception. Their diet in the wild is an intricate interplay of nutritional needs and environmental availability, fostering their fascinating physiology and quirky feeding habits. An axolotl’s diet must be rich in protein, as they are carnivorous creatures by nature. Live foods like earthworms, brine shrimp, and small fishes offer a wellspring of essential nutrients. Proteins, rich in earthworms and brine shrimp, are essential for tissue repair and growth. They also play a crucial role in enzymatic reactions within the axolotl’s body. Then, there are vitamins and minerals, essential micronutrients obtained from their diverse diet. For instance, Calcium, abundant in snails, contributes to the robustness of their skeletal structure. A study in the “Journal of Experimental Zoology” underscores the importance of a balanced intake of these nutrients for the axolotl’s overall health. |Provide a rich source of protein and essential nutrients |Earthworms, brine shrimp, small fishes |Should form the majority of an Axolotl’s diet |Vitamins and Minerals |Essential for overall health and robustness |Obtained from a variety of live foods |Regular part of an Axolotl’s diet |To cater to individual dietary preferences |Invertebrates, snails, small fishes |Mix of different food types should be given regularly |Useful supplement when live foods are not available |Axolotl-specific pellets, frozen brine shrimp |Can be given occasionally but should not replace live foods |Size of Prey |Suitable size is crucial for Axolotls to ‘snap and swallow’ |Foods not larger than the space between their eyes |Always consider when feeding Axolotls Feeding Behavior of Axolotls Ever watched an axolotl eat? It’s a sight to behold! Unlike us humans, axolotls lack the ability to chew or tear their food. Instead, they have a fascinating ‘snap and swallow’ technique where they snap down on their prey and gulp it whole. This behavior emphasizes the importance of appropriately sized food items in their diet. Natural Habitat of Axolotls The natural habitat of the axolotl plays a crucial role in determining its diet. The specific environment in which they live influences the availability and types of food sources they have access to. As a result, the diet of axolotls can vary across different habitats, depending on factors such as water temperature, vegetation, and the presence of other organisms. Understanding these variations in diet is important for studying their ecological niche and ensuring proper care in captivity. Role of the Axolotl’s Habitat in Determining Its Diet In the wild, the axolotl’s habitat plays a crucial role in shaping its diet. Diet adaptations of axolotls are influenced by various environmental factors, including prey availability and foraging behavior. Axolotls are opportunistic feeders, meaning they will consume whatever food sources are readily accessible to them. Their ability to capture and consume live prey is dependent on the composition of their natural environment. Environmental factors such as water temperature, water quality, and vegetation cover can impact the abundance and diversity of potential prey items for axolotls. Additionally, nutritional diversity is important for axolotls to obtain all the necessary nutrients for their growth and development. Therefore, the availability of different types of prey in their habitat directly affects their dietary choices and overall health in the wild. Diet Variations Across Different Habitats Across various habitats, axolotls may have different dietary preferences and adaptations based on the availability of prey items and environmental factors. Their diet variations are influenced by their foraging behavior, prey selection, seasonal changes, and the impact of pollution. Here are some factors that contribute to diet variations in axolotls: - Prey availability: Axolotls will consume prey that is abundant in their specific habitat. - Foraging behavior: Axolotls may exhibit different foraging strategies depending on their environment. - Prey selection: They may selectively choose certain types of prey based on taste or nutritional value. - Seasonal changes: The availability of certain prey species may vary throughout the year, leading to changes in axolotl diets. - Impact of pollution: Pollution can affect the abundance and composition of prey species, indirectly influencing the diet of axolotls. These factors highlight the adaptability of axolotls to different environments and emphasize the importance of understanding their natural habitats when considering their dietary needs. Main Food Sources: Typical Prey Items for Axolotls Axolotls feast on a veritable smorgasbord of critters in their natural habitats. Their diets stretch beyond the usual aquatic invertebrates and small fish, revealing a diverse palette befitting these unique creatures. Aquatic Invertebrates: The Primary Component of an Axolotl’s Diet Aquatic invertebrates form the cornerstone of the axolotl’s diet. Consider these the axolotls’ go-to grub, a consistent source of nutrition available in ample quantities within their environment. Different Types of Aquatic Invertebrates Consumed by Axolotls Axolotls don’t hold back when it comes to the varieties of invertebrates they consume. From Daphnia, or “water fleas,” to arthropods and annelids, axolotls relish a range of invertebrate dishes. - Daphnia: These water fleas are akin to the axolotl’s favorite snack. Abundant and nutritious, Daphnia forms a substantial part of the axolotl’s diet. - Mollusks and Insects: Mollusks and insects like chironomid larvae, colloquially known as “bloodworms,” and various crustaceans frequently end up on axolotl’s menu. - Arthropods and Annelids: These lesser-known critters might not be an axolotl’s top pick, but they do add a touch of variety and additional nutrients to their diet. Hunting Strategies For Aquatic Invertebrates Mealtime for axolotls showcases a fascinating mix of skill and strategy. They employ a unique suction mechanism, akin to a built-in vacuum cleaner, swiftly inhaling unsuspecting prey with a quick mouth movement. It’s a spectacle that underscores their predatory efficiency. Small Fish and Amphibian Larvae: Additional Sources of Nutrition When the invertebrate population dwindles, axolotls expand their menu to include small fish and amphibian larvae. These secondary food sources ensure that axolotls receive a balanced mix of nutrients, vital for their growth and survival. As opportunistic predators, axolotls are prepared to pounce on any small fish or tadpole within their reach. Their specialized teeth and suction strategy enable them to snag and swallow their prey whole, contributing to their success in their aquatic ecosystems. Both small fish and tadpoles are protein-rich, a crucial element for axolotls’ growth and development. By diversifying their diet, axolotls not only ensure optimal nutrition but also help maintain the equilibrium of their habitats. Worms And Crustaceans Worms and crustaceans fulfill a significant role in an axolotl’s diet, furnishing essential nutrients crucial for their overall growth and health. Axolotls have specific nutritional needs, and these tiny creatures, teeming with proteins, vitamins, and minerals, meet those dietary requirements effectively. How Axolotls Hunt And Capture Their Food In The Wild Axolotls employ unique strategies to capture their prey in the wild. With their primitive teeth and wide mouths, they latch onto their prey and rapidly suck it into their mouths, water and all. They have evolved this distinct way of hunting to effectively navigate their dietary habits and natural environment. Opening their mouths wide, axolotls create a strong suction that pulls in both water and their targeted prey. This specialized method of feeding allows axolotls to swallow their prey whole as they lack the ability to chew or tear food. The way axolotls hunt does come with certain risks, though. When capturing larger prey, they can become susceptible to predation themselves. Still, these salamanders continue to thrive in the wild, their survival testament to the effectiveness of their hunting strategies throughout their lifespan. Frequency and Timing of Feeding in the Wild Wild axolotls exemplify opportunistic feeding behavior, consuming food as per its availability rather than adhering to a specific schedule. The frequency of their meals can fluctuate, influenced by factors such as prey accessibility and their metabolic demands. They may feast multiple times a day when food sources are abundant or go several days, even weeks, without eating during times of scarcity. Understanding Axolotl Feeding Frequency in the Wild Axolotls, leading a laid-back lifestyle in the wild, do not follow a strict feeding regimen. Prey availability and metabolic needs shape their feeding patterns, and they demonstrate an impressive ability to sustain extended periods without food. This adaptability permits them to navigate fluctuations in prey availability effectively, consuming any small live creature they encounter opportunistically. Axolotl Feeding Times: A Matter of Opportunity In terms of feeding times, axolotls don’t operate on a clock. Instead, they capitalize on opportunities, deploying their keen senses to detect and capture a variety of small prey like insects, worms, slugs, snails, small crustaceans, and even smaller fish. Although the frequency of their meals may vary, axolotls can comfortably endure longer intervals without food, flexibly adjusting their feeding patterns in response to the ebb and flow of prey availability in their habitats. Comparing the Diets of Wild and Captive Axolotls Axolotls, whether wild or kept in captivity, are predominantly carnivorous creatures. Their feeding habits differ significantly due to environmental factors and food availability. Here’s an in-depth comparison of their diets, focusing on nutritional value, food sourcing, feeding frequency, and the importance of dietary variety. |Their natural diet consists of a variety of small invertebrates, crustaceans, fish, and amphibian larvae, which are rich in essential nutrients. |Standard fare includes specially formulated pellets, and frozen or freeze-dried food options that are often enriched with necessary nutrients. |Sourcing Live Food |They are active hunters, preying on small animals like insects, worms, snails, and small crustaceans. |Owners often provide live earthworms (nightcrawlers) which can be sourced from chemical-free gardens or bred at home. |They are opportunistic feeders, eating whenever food is available, adapting to the ebb and flow of the food supply in their habitat. |Adult axolotls in captivity are fed 1-2 earthworms every other day, while juveniles require daily feedings due to their faster growth rates. |Importance of Variety |In the wild, axolotls enjoy a diverse diet due to the multitude of small animals present in their ecosystem. |Owners are encouraged to provide a range of food to captive axolotls to mimic the dietary diversity they would experience in the wild. The wild and captive diets of axolotls differ significantly in terms of their nutritional content. - Wild Axolotls: Their natural diet consists of a variety of small invertebrates, crustaceans, fish, and amphibian larvae. The high-protein content and diversity of these food sources offer a balanced diet, rich in essential nutrients. - Captive Axolotls: The standard fare for captive axolotls includes specially formulated pellets, and frozen or freeze-dried food options. While these are often enriched with necessary nutrients, they typically don’t match the nutritional value of fresh, live food. Sourcing Live Food The way axolotls source their food is influenced by their habitat: - Wild Axolotls: They are active hunters, preying on whatever small animals they can catch, including insects, worms, snails, and small crustaceans. - Captive Axolotls: Owners often provide live earthworms (nightcrawlers), a highly nutritious option. These can be sourced from gardens free of chemicals or bred at home. Feeding frequency is another critical aspect of axolotls’ dietary habits: - Wild Axolotls: Being opportunistic feeders, they eat whenever food is available, adapting their feeding habits to the ebb and flow of the food supply in their habitat. - Captive Axolotls: Adult axolotls in captivity are typically fed 1-2 earthworms every other day, while juveniles require daily feedings due to their faster growth rates. Importance of Variety Regardless of their habitat, dietary variety is essential for axolotls: - Wild Axolotls: In the wild, axolotls enjoy a diverse diet thanks to the multitude of small animals present in their ecosystem. This variety ensures they receive a balanced intake of nutrients. - Captive Axolotls: Owners are encouraged to provide a range of food to captive axolotls to mimic the dietary diversity they’d experience in the wild. This also helps cater to individual food preferences. While captive diets strive to mimic those in the wild, the nutritional value of live food sources in the wild remains superior. Therefore, sourcing live food carefully and providing a diverse diet are crucial elements for maintaining the health of captive axolotls. Impact of Seasonal Changes on the Diet of Axolotls Axolotls, as ectothermic animals, are heavily influenced by seasonal changes, particularly temperature fluctuations. These changes can impact their metabolism, which in turn affects their feeding behavior and diet. Influence of Seasonal Variations on Prey Availability Seasonal changes can have a significant effect on the availability of certain prey species. For example, some aquatic invertebrates that axolotls consume may breed more prolifically in certain seasons, leading to an increase in prey availability. Conversely, other food sources may be scarce during colder periods. Axolotls adapt to these changes by shifting their diet accordingly. They are opportunistic predators and will consume a wide range of prey species available in their habitat. In periods of plenty, axolotls may feed more frequently and grow at a faster rate, while during lean periods, they may slow down their feeding and growth. Studies have shown that axolotls’ growth rate can vary significantly with seasonal changes. For instance, during warmer months when more food is available, axolotls tend to grow at a faster pace. However, during colder months, their growth rate slows down due to reduced metabolic rates and decreased food availability. Adaptations of Axolotls to Seasonal Changes in Food Supply To cope with these seasonal variations in food supply, axolotls have developed several adaptive strategies. Axolotls have the ability to adjust their metabolic rate based on the ambient temperature and the availability of food. During colder seasons when food is scarce, they can reduce their metabolic rate, which slows down their growth but conserves energy and reduces the need for frequent feeding. Another remarkable adaptation of axolotls is their ability to store energy in the form of lipids. During periods of abundant food supply, axolotls can accumulate lipids which can be used to fuel metabolism when food is scarce. So, seasonal changes significantly influence the diet of axolotls. Their ability to adjust their feeding behavior, metabolic rate, and energy storage based on seasonal variations in prey availability plays a critical role in their survival in the wild. Threats to Axolotl’s Natural Diet One of the major threats to the natural diet of axolotls is habitat degradation and pollution. As their natural habitats are being destroyed or polluted, axolotls face challenges in finding their preferred food sources. The impact of pollution on the water quality can disrupt the availability of insects, worms, snails, and other small animals that axolotls rely on for nutrition. Additionally, competition for food resources with invasive species can further hinder their ability to find suitable prey. Habitat destruction caused by human activities such as urban development and agriculture also limits the availability of food for axolotls. Moreover, climate change effects like changes in water temperature and precipitation patterns can influence the distribution and abundance of their prey species. Overall, these threats pose significant challenges to maintaining a healthy and diverse diet for axolotls in the wild. Frequently Asked Questions Can Axolotls Eat Fruits And Vegetables? Ironically, axolotls have no nutritional requirement for fruits and vegetables. Their diet should consist of meaty foods like insects, worms, and small crustaceans. Plant-based foods can’t be effectively digested by axolotls due to their digestive system. Do Axolotls Need To Eat Live Food In Order To Survive? Live food is important for axolotls’ survival as it provides essential nutrients and mimics their natural diet. However, providing live food can be challenging in captivity. Alternatives like freeze-dried options may lack nutritional value and impact their health and behavior. Are There Any Specific Types Of Insects That Axolotls Prefer To Eat In The Wild? Axolotls in the wild have a dietary variety that includes insects. While they do not have specific preferences, they rely on their hunting strategies to capture and consume small insects. This dietary variety is important for meeting their nutritional needs and has an impact on the ecosystem. How Do Axolotls Find Their Food In Their Natural Habitat? Axolotls find their food in their natural habitat through their feeding habits and hunting strategies. They rely on their keen sense of smell and vision to locate prey. Their natural diet consists of a variety of meaty foods, including insects, worms, crustaceans, and small fish. Axolotls have adapted by having rudimentary teeth that allow them to snap down on their food and swallow it whole. However, environmental factors can impact the availability of food for axolotls in the wild. Is It Possible To Overfeed Axolotls In The Wild? Overfeeding can have negative effects on axolotl health. It can lead to digestive issues, obesity, and poor water quality. Signs of overfeeding include bloating, decreased activity, and excess waste production. Axolotls should be fed in the wild 1-2 earthworms every other day. In conclusion, understanding the diet of axolotls in the wild is crucial for their overall health and well-being. These fascinating creatures rely on a varied diet consisting of insects, worms, crustaceans, and small animals to meet their nutritional needs. Interestingly, did you know that live food sources are more nutritious for axolotls compared to pellets or frozen options? This fact emphasizes the importance of providing them with natural prey items in captivity. By sourcing food from reliable places and maintaining a proper diet, we can contribute to the longevity and vitality of these unique amphibians.

After getting valuable information about hang gliding, the adventure sport in our previous two articles, now it is time to know some interesting facts about hang gliding. As the name suggest hang gliding means hanging while gliding. Hang gliding can be very interesting flying adventure so let us know some of the interesting facts about it as well. Interesting Facts about Hang Gliding - The idea of hang gliding is as old as the imagination of the humans to fly in the air someday like a bird. Otto Lilienthal built the first ever controllable gliders in the year 1890 by using wood and fabric. His first try to fly was by using a spring board. - Thermals, ridge lifts, mountain waves and convergence along with thermal lifters are used by the hang gliders especially during their launch. - The thermal lifts take place only when the air is heated by the sun and thus it makes a rise. - This kind of lift is also known or called as slope soaring because a vertical slope is used for the lift and it redirects the hang gliders in the air. - The Aussie hang gliders use a rare lift phenomenon which is called ‘the Morning Glory’. - When a group of pilots fly together a specific term is used which is called ‘the Gaggle’. - All the hang gliders carry a Varometer which helps them to perceive acceleration forces when they catch thermals. This gadget also enables the gliders to determine the sink and climb rates as it beeps each time. - The open distance hang gliding world record is 700 km which was achieved by Manfred Ruhmer when he hang glided from Zapata to Lamesa in Texas, USA. - A cross country hang gliding requires an Altimeter which helps the gliders to decide the distance. - The first ever foot launched hang gliding was done in Australia in the year 1972. - The modern hang gliding blue print for the Rogallo wing was found by Francis Melvin Rogallo in the year 1948. - The American Space agency NASA has also made significant research in Hang Gliding which has made the professional hang gliders feeling more safer as they are well equipped with the technology now. - It is also believed that the idea of making of an air craft was actually came from the success of hang gliding in early 1900s. Relative search terms: hang gliding facts, facts about gliders, hang glider facts, facts about hang gliders, hang gliding information, gliders facts, otto lilienthal facts, used hang gliders, 10 facts about gliders, hand gliding or hang gliding, hang glider fabric, about hang gliding, hang glider for kids, hang glided, information about hang gliding, wooden hang glider

Where did coffee come from? How are coffee beans grown today? How do the beans get from the coffee plantations into the roaster at Trees Organic Coffee & Roasting House — and ultimately, into your cup? Well, it’s a long story. Here it goes… Kaldi the Ethiopian Goat Herder and the Coffee Tree Legend has it that coffee was accidentally discovered by Kaldi, a goat herder who lived in Ethiopia. One day, Kaldi observed his herd of goats chewing on red cherries from a tree he had never noticed before. The goats started to dance. Astonished, Kaldi tried the cherries himself and felt energized. He brought the cherries to a local monastery to see what the wise men might say. However, the monks tossed them in the fire as they disapproved of the idea of using the strange fruit. Instead of burning the beans, it actually roasted them. Those roasted beans were used to create the first coffee. (There is no word on whether Kaldi subsequently opened up a pleasant little cafe for his fellow goat-herders, but we like to think that might have happened). From Ethiopia, coffee cultivation and consumption spread over centuries to the Arabic world and India. Europeans began drinking coffee in the 1600s (the first coffee house in Europe opened in 1645 in Italy), but they were essentially locked out of the coffee growing regions by geopolitics and the sad fact that coffee doesn’t grow well in northern climates. As European nations began colonizing territories around the world, they succeeded in creating coffee plantations to generate a secure supply from their Caribbean holdings, the East Indies and South America. Coffee farms in the New World and in other areas that are now independent from Europe are descended from those pioneering efforts. As with many other sectors, the Industrial Revolution and later innovations of mass production and supply-chain management was good and bad for coffee markets and consumers. On the one hand, coffee became accessible to millions upon millions of people around the world. For a nickel, you could get that zip in your step that Kaldi had first experienced in Ethiopia from just about anywhere. You could buy a tin of coffee and make it yourself from home. Convenience was king. But this convenience came with a downside. As in other commodified industries, a race to the bottom developed in which quality was sacrificed for quantity. Growers and manufacturers cared less about the taste of beans than how many bags they could ship to a growing market. The typical coffee drinker never knew what he was missing, even though true coffee aficionados could tell what was happening. Meanwhile, coffee farmers were often exploited by big corporations who only cared about the bottom line. There were plenty of people who still craved a great cup of coffee. They understood that if we changed the process for how we got our coffee, starting with the coffee growers, we could get out of this rut that the chase for pure profit had led us into. They kept the dream alive… The coffee you drink today at our cafes is an evolved product. We use only fair trade organic beans from places like Ethiopia (thanks, Kaldi!), Bolivia, Peru, Colombia, Sumatra, Mexico and Guatemala. We pay growers what they deserve and ensure that the growing and packaging process is sustainable, ensuring a safe future for the coffee we love so much. While it’s true that you can’t get a cup of coffee (or much else) for a nickel like in the 1930s, you’re getting much better value in terms of taste, aroma and texture than past generations have experienced. We like to think that the true Old World coffee lovers of the past, who helped keep this dream alive, would be proud of our cafe and the coffee drinks that we serve in the New World of Vancouver. Did you like this story? Are you a coffee aficionado with some interesting facts about the history of coffee? Leave a comment!

Managers of businesses have become more aware of the potential for workplace bias due to the Starbucks incident back in April. This prompted Starbucks to close 8,000 of their stores to address an underlying bias issue, which then caused other companies to reevaluate how they solve major bias issues in their own workplaces. A common approach many firms take is called diversity training – programs devoted to increasing diversity and reducing bias through employee education. These initiatives are generally well-intentioned, and in high profile cases such as Starbucks, can serve to raise awareness for very important issues. There’s only one problem with them: They don’t work. When it comes to influencing how people act toward one another in the workplace, behavioral science gives us a general rule of thumb: Information doesn’t change behavior. Restaurants ,may include calorie labels on their menus, yet people eat even more. Despite the millions annually spent on financial literacy programs, people are no better at saving. And sadly, when firms “teach diversity” through corporate education programs, people show no change in attitude, let alone in action. The cognitive biases our unconscious brains use to make automatic decisions and judgements on our behalf are just too deeply ingrained. Instead, we humans are much more influenced by our environment, including the programs and policies we use to guide and implement our workplace decisions. To cultivate a culture that embraces diversity, don’t bother appealing to reason or attempting to change implicit bias. Focus on de-biasing the system, instead. With that in mind, here are five behaviorally informed solutions managers can implement to address workplace bias: 1. Blind yourself — As a hiring manager, check your own biases at the front door, with behaviorally informed hiring policies. Organizations can learn from orchestras, who use blind auditions to eliminate gender bias. By shifting auditions from the open stage to behind a curtain, the orchestra world welcomed a dramatic increase in female musicians, from less than 5% in 1970, to over 40% today. Before reviewing resumes, try removing the names on them. There are several tools available today that will do that. Several go further and remove other elements that could give away gender or ethnicity. 2. Give your gut a break — When it comes to hiring decisions, structure is crucial. To reduce bias in evaluating candidates, start by identifying necessary skills, and an objective scale for each. Immediately after each candidate interview, rate them on each of those skills. When it’s time to make your decision, compare the candidates “horizontally,” one trait at a time, down the list, and make your decision based on an objective overall score. Another way to reduce gut feel bias is to give the candidates a sample work task to complete as a test. Whatever you do, stop going with your gut! Free-flowing chats are useless for evaluation, and unfairly favor memorable story-teller candidates over those most likely to succeed. 3. Mind the self-promoters — Performance evaluations are a notorious platform for bias. For example, women are 1.4 times more likely to receive critical subjective feedback, than are men. If you incorporate self-evaluation feedback in your evaluation of employee performance, remember that order matters. Thanks to the anchoring effect, we tend to skew our personal evaluation of something in the direction of the first value we hear. When we hear an employee’s rating of themselves before we make our own decision, we can’t help but skew our review accordingly. One big problem with this is that men are more likely to overrate their own performance than women, so anchoring on self-reviews can create an unfair evaluation ground. The lesson: ask for employee self-reviews after you write yours down – and check their subjective evaluation against more objective measures. Research suggests that conducting more frequent and objective feedback reviews may also help dramatically. 4. Establish diverse role models — One of the biggest barriers toward a thriving diverse community is stereotype threat, an unconscious tendency people have to fulfill the prophecy of stereotypes held against them. Combat stereotype threat by showcasing aspirational individuals of diverse identities. Encourage a diverse range of leaders to speak at company events, and make sure that commemorative hallway portraits are broadly representative. One study found that women who were shown a picture of Hillary Clinton or Angela Merkel before giving a public speech performed better than those who were shown a photo of Bill Clinton or no photo at all. Seeing is believing. 5. Lead like a scientist — Don’t just do it – test it! Any new policy or program change should be carefully designed and measured, to know whether it had the intended effect. Identify up front, exactly what outcome you intend to influence with the new program, how you plan to measure it, and where that metric stands now. Then pilot the concept in a random sample of offices, measure the results, and decide whether and how to implement across the whole organization. Even data driven organizations like MIT are finding that in addressing workplace bias, as in all things, measurement is the first step toward progress. The university doubled their number of female faculty in STEM disciplines in 12 years, following a more focused analysis of gender bias. Best of all, share your journey with the world, by publishing your findings. Business leaders are waking up to the pervasive problem of bias in the workplace. Behavioral science shows us that the greatest levers for change, are already in our hands. We can use behavioral insights, and our own company data, to transform our workplace for a more inclusive and thriving future.

Food allergies can cause a lot of problems You could have food allergies and not realize it unless you have had a serious reaction to food, such as peanut products or tree nuts. Even with these foods, if your reaction was subtle, like a slight tingling in your mouth or you developed diarrhea later in the day, you may not associate these symptoms with the peanuts or tree nuts that you ate. The one way to know for sure if you have food allergies is to get tested by an allergist or immunologist. These doctors are specialists that are able to find the cause of your allergic reaction. An allergist is a specialist who treats allergies If you have had a serious reaction to peanuts or to tree nuts, you have probably been told to see an allergist as soon as possible. Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening reaction to only a few foods, and peanuts and tree nuts are two of them. If you have experienced this serious allergic reaction from a peanut allergy, your allergist will probably want to test you to see if you are also allergic to tree nuts. According to the National Peanut Board, the most common food allergies are to cow’s milk, eggs, soy, wheat, peanuts, tree nuts, fish, and crustacean shellfish. Your allergist will probably test you to see if you are allergic to these foods Pollen allergies can make a person very sick and miserable, but they are not a cause of death like anaphylaxis can be from peanuts or tree nuts. For this reason, if an allergy to these foods is suspected, your allergist will want to test you to see if you need to avoid foods that contain any kind of peanut product or nuts. There is no known cure for allergies to these, and children seldom outgrow their allergy to peanuts or tree nuts, although they do often outgrow allergies to milk, eggs, and other foods. You will probably be told to stop taking antihistamines before your appointment for testing People with allergies often take non-drowsy Benadryl or another antihistimine to prevent allergic reactions, but they are not effective in preventing life-threatening allergic reactions to peanuts or tree nuts. When you arrive at the doctor’s office for your appointment, you may be given one of several types of tests. If a peanut allergy is suspected, you may be injected with a tiny amount of peanut or nut under your skin. The medical staff will observe you, and if you are allergic you will be in a safe place where medication is available to treat you if your reaction is severe. Other types of food allergy tests The allergist may also draw a vial of blood that will be sent to a lab. If you are allergic to peanuts or tree nuts, antibodies will be present in your blood. Antibodies are made by the body in response to the food that you are allergic to, and they are what causes allergy symptoms like a rash, hives, trouble breathing, wheezing, or other symptoms of a peanut or nut allergy. Meet with your doctor for the results You may discover what you are allergic to the day that you are tested, but you may need to wait a few weeks for your blood work to get back from the lab if you had a blood test. Your allergist or immunologist will tell you which foods to avoid, and you may be referred to a nutritionist or dietitian who can help you eliminate the foods that are causing a problem from your diet. If you’re allergic to peanuts, they are hidden in many different foods that you may not realize. You will also need to carry epinephrine with you wherever you go. It is medication that you can inject if you accidentally eat some food with peanuts or tree nuts in it.

About this course Computer Engineering is a very dynamic discipline and its impact is all pervasive. Data science is the creation and application of powerful new methods to collect, curate, analyze, and make discoveries from large-scale data. Big data often refers to the massive amounts of complex information that are difficult to manipulate and understand using traditional processing methods. Data science is focused on the concepts, methods, and applications for extracting meaning from big data—it has become one of the key emerging disciplines of the 21st century. This new Program, Artificial Intelligence (AI) & Data Science has a dual objective: provide solid foundations in Computer Engineering and introduce Data Science and the new tools it provides to manage huge amounts of data to lead us to better understand and, ideally, solve some of the greatest challenges facing the world today in medicine and health, energy and the environment, economics and politics, and many other areas. The employment potential and career options are huge as data science impacts all sciences, business, and our everyday lives. · High Market Acceptance · Higher Studies: Students are also highly accepted by foreign Universities for Higher Education. · High Demand: For professionals in this domain for Software Developer, Consultancy, Business Analysist, Data Scientist, AI developer etc. also demand for skills among Automation industry players.Vision & Mission PEO PSO

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Hindi Kshitij With the help of the solutions, you can anticipate the type of questions asked in the exam. It gets easy to understand the subject with the help of these solutions. The NCERT Solutions are divided into different topics/chapters according to the CBSE Question Paper. You get to know a deeper comprehension of the topics in a simple and understandable language. The solutions provided are well analysed and well designed for the students. Students can easily download Class 9 Hindi Kshitij NCERT Solutions pdf for free. A list of chapters provided in Class 9 Hindi Kshitij NCERT Solutions free pdf.

Unveiling the Netherlands in Spanish Eyes: A Cultural Medley The Netherlands’ Spanish Legacy: More Than Just a Historical Footnote Oh, how the mighty Habsburg Empire left its indelible ink on the canvas of Europe! The Netherlands, known as ‘Países Bajos’ in Spanish, is no exception. Way back in the 16th century, it was under Spanish rule, a time that has stitched intricate patterns into Dutch culture. You might think, “Surely, that was ages ago,” but ah! History has a funny way of lingering, doesn’t it? The Eighty Years’ War wasn’t just a tiff over turf or faith—it was a clash of cultures, crafting a Netherlands that knew how to say ‘hey’—or should we say ‘hola’—to Spanish influences. A Lingual Fiesta: Tracing Spanish Influence on Dutch Vocabulary It’s uncanny how languages can mingle, adopting elements from each other like old friends swapping stories. Dutch is no couch potato, and through its interactions with Spanish, we’ve seen a few words pop up that’ll make you do a double-take. ‘Coche’ zooms in as ‘auto’ and ‘bebé’ crawls its way to ‘baby’—a mini but mighty representation of two cultures that have danced the language tango for centuries. The Spanish Pacific, A Reader of Primary Sources (Connected Histories in the Early Modern World) “The Spanish Pacific, A Reader of Primary Sources” is an invaluable collection that dives deep into the history of the Spanish Empire’s influence in the Pacific region during the early modern period. This anthology provides an array of primary sources, including letters, official documents, and personal accounts, to offer an authentic perspective on the connected histories of regions under Spanish rule or influence. Researchers, students, and history enthusiasts can immerse themselves in firsthand accounts that shed light on the political maneuvers, cultural exchanges, and economic trends that shaped the era. By bridging the gap between past and present, these documents allow readers to critically analyze the complexities of colonial dynamics spanning from the Philippines to the Americas. Expertly curated to represent a wide range of voices, the reader offers insights into the experiences of colonizers, indigenous peoples, and those of mixed heritage, highlighting the diversity of narratives that stem from the Spanish Pacific. The book’s editors have meticulously annotated the collection, providing context and commentary that helps interpret the significance and impact of each document within the broader tapestry of global history. This scholarly work serves to unravel the multi-layered relationships established during the period, offering clarity on how these relationships evolved to form the modern geopolitical landscape of the Pacific. As a resource, it is indispensable for understanding the transcultural interactions and legacy of Spanish colonialism. Crafted for an academic audience yet accessible to a broader readership, “The Spanish Pacific, A Reader of Primary Sources” is an essential tome for libraries and individual collectors alike. Each primary source within the reader is introduced by a short essay that situates it within the time period and explains its relevance, making the material approachable even for those new to the subject. The collection not only advances the scholarship on the Spanish Empire’s role in world history but also encourages critical thinking about the enduring effects of colonial encounters. It is a cornerstone text that enriches the dialogue on the connected histories of the Early Modern World, especially within the vast and complex oceanic expanse of the Pacific. Netherlands in Spanish: ‘Países Bajos’ through the Lens of Spanish Culture The Warmth of Two Suns: ‘Hot in Spanish’ – ‘Caliente’ – in Dutch Summer Days When the Dutch sun graces the skies, it’s ‘caliente’, baby! It’s a fiesta of sunbeams reminiscent of the Spanish ‘sol’. And let’s be real, basking in the glow on those vibrant summer days can send anyone into a daydream of Spanish shores, no matter if you’re chilling in Amsterdam or Alicante. Indulgence Without Borders: From ‘Dinner in Spanish’ to Dutch Banquets From the hearty hug of a traditional ‘stamppot’ to the smoky whispers of ‘salsa roja’ drizzled on tapas, you’ll find the Spanish soul of ‘cena’ nestling into the Dutch dinner experience. There’s a shared love for good food and company that makes every meal feel like a feast that knows no boundaries. |Holanda, Países Bajos |Kingdom of the Netherlands |Holland (refers only to two provinces: Noord-Holland and Zuid-Holland) |“Lower Countries” due to low elevation and flat topography |Known for beer and biking culture |Average -40 meters; 26% below sea level |From the Netherlands, born in the Netherlands, citizen of the Netherlands |July 18, 2017 Daily Life in the Netherlands: A Spanish Perspective All the Colors of the Rainbow: From ‘Black in Spanish’ to ‘Purple in Spanish’ Even something as universal as colors take on special hues under the influence of another culture. The Dutch landscapes, with ‘negro’ and ‘morado’ peeking through historical architecture or nature’s own artwork—think of the regal tulip fields—are a testament to this visual blend. Tastes and Traditions: A Hispanic Spin on Dutch Classics Picture this: a Spaniard sitting in a quaint Dutch café might order a slice of ‘queso’ or a plate of ‘huevos’, drawing a delicious line between familiar tastes and new surroundings. These simple pleasures connect the ‘Países Bajos’ to the warmth of Spanish kitchens and hearts. LEVLO Netherlands Map Iconic Traditional Souvenir Gift Holland Travel Pouch Bag Netherlands Vacation Gift Netherlands Zipper Pouch Bag (Netherlands) Introducing the LEVLO Netherlands Map Iconic Traditional Souvenir Gift, an exquisite travel pouch that captures the essence of Holland’s rich cultural tapestry. Each bag showcases a meticulously designed map of the Netherlands, adorned with iconic symbols and landmarks that are synonymous with Dutch heritage. Crafted from durable materials, this versatile zipper pouch is an ideal companion for securing your travel essentials, whether you’re wandering through the tulip fields of Keukenhof or exploring the historic canals of Amsterdam. This travel pouch is not only a functional accessory but also a perfect sentimental keepsake for anyone who holds the Netherlands dear. With its vibrant colors and detailed illustrations, it serves as a constant reminder of memorable experiences in this charming country. The high-quality zipper ensures your belongings are safely tucked away, while the compact design makes it easy to slip into a suitcase or carry-on bag. The LEVLO Netherlands Zipper Pouch Bag isn’t just for travelers but also makes a thoughtful gift for friends and family who appreciate Dutch culture or are planning a visit to the Netherlands. It’s an exceptional choice for special occasions, such as birthdays, holidays, or as a farewell present for someone embarking on a Dutch adventure. Owning this travel pouch means carrying a piece of the Netherlands with you wherever you go, making every journey a little more special. Celebrations and Observances: Uniting Cultures and Festivities ‘Day of the Dead in Spanish’ Meets Dutch Memorial Traditions The sacred ‘Día de los Muertos’ may don different garb as it mingles with the Dutch custom of remembrance. Yet, both honor the past with a richness that transcends borders, showing that in the Netherlands, Spanish traditions can intertwine with local customs in a beautiful mosaic. The Pulse of Celebration: ‘Basketball in Spanish’ and the Netherlands’ Sports Fervor Basketball, or should I say ‘baloncesto’, brings its energetic pulse to the Netherlands, unifying crowds with reverb laden with expectancy and exhilaration. It’s proof that the love for the game is as infectious as a rhythm that gets everyone on their feet. Intimate Spain: Personal Effects and Fashion Fused with Dutch Sensibilities From ‘Beach Bags’ to ‘Hat in Spanish’ – A Blend of Style and Utility When you think ‘sombrero’, you might picture a sunny Spanish plaza, but that same hat finds its way onto sandy Dutch beaches. Whether it’s beach bags or elegant attire, the palpable blend of Spanish flair with Dutch practicality marks every seaside escape. Bilingual Love and Life: ‘Queen in Spanish’, ‘Bride of Chucky Cast’, and Pop Culture Mashups The Dutch cultural milieu soaks up Spanish zest, with terms like ‘reina’ flowing off the tongues, while on-screen, a cast as eclectic as the ‘Bride of Chucky’s’ could enthrall audiences no matter the language. It’s a pop culture smorgasbord that serves a cocktail of shared excitement. Unique Interactions: Adapting to the Netherlands through Spanish Prisms Describing Dutch Scenes with Spanish Flair: From ‘Rain in Spanish’ to Urban Landscapes The ‘lluvia’ might pour down on the cobblestone streets of Amsterdam, but to Spanish eyes, it adds a layer of enchantment. Every raindrop, every canal, every cycling lane is observed through a Spanish lens, translating everyday moments into scenes rich with intercultural poetry. The Language of Compassion: ‘Hungry in Spanish’, ‘Tired in Spanish’, and the Power of Words Whether it’s ‘hambre’ or ‘cansancio’, the language might change, but the sentiment remains universal. These are the little threads of familiarity that bind the communities within the ‘Países Bajos’, empathizing and bonding over shared human experiences. The Army of Flanders and the Spanish Road, The Logistics of Spanish Victory and Defeat in the Low Countries’ Wars (Cambridge Studies in Early Modern History) “The Army of Flanders and the Spanish Road, 1567-1659,” part of Cambridge Studies in Early Modern History, is an in-depth scholarly examination of the logistical framework that underpinned Spanish military campaigns in the Low Countries during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. This detailed study, penned by historian Geoffrey Parker, explores the complexities of the Spanish Road the artery of supply that connected Spanish-held territories in Italy with their forces operating in the Netherlands. Parker’s work meticulously delves into the factors that contributed to the success and eventual decline of Spanish military power in the region, bringing to light the significance of military logistics in early modern warfare. This comprehensive tome outlines the innovative administrative and operational logistics that allowed Spain to maintain its armies so far from their native bases. It further investigates the role of geography, climate, and local politics, serving not just as a military history but also a geo-political analysis. Parker employs an impressive array of sources, including archival materials and contemporaneous accounts, to provide readers with a nuanced understanding of how Spain managed to project its power across the treacherous terrain of the Low Countries. “The Army of Flanders and the Spanish Road” constitutes essential reading for history enthusiasts and academics specializing in military logistics, the Spanish Empire, or the Early Modern Period. The book not only illuminates the oft-overlooked aspects of supply, recruitment, and funding which are crucial to any military endeavor but also serves as a testament to the importance of logistical considerations in the outcomes of wars. Parker’s blend of rigorous scholarship and accessible writing ensures that this study remains an authoritative and engaging contribution to the field of early modern European history. Conclusion: Celebrating a Tapestry of Connections Between the Netherlands and Spain The Netherlands, or ‘Países Bajos’ in Spanish, presents a dazzling tapestry, interwoven with threads of Spanish heritage. It’s more than just coexistence; it’s a partnership where every ‘hola’ and ‘tot ziens’ adds another stitch to this cultural quilt. As we gaze into the future, one can only imagine the beautiful patchwork that will emerge as these bond within the ‘Países Bajos’ continue to deepen and flourish—a melding of heritages that colors daily life with a vibrancy found only in the heart of such a unique and interconnected community. Discovering the Netherlands in Spanish When you think about the fusion of cultures, the blend of the Netherlands and Spanish heritage sure has a fascinating tale to it, right? Let’s dive into some quirky trivia and entertaining facts that tie these two vibrant cultures together. Grab a stroopwafel, kick back, and let’s embark on this cultural mash-up journey, exploring the Netherlands in Spanish! The Legacy of Spanish Influence First off, let’s time travel a bit, shall we? Did you know that from 1556 to 1648, the Netherlands was a part of the mighty Spanish Empire? Yup, that’s when the Dutch said “Hasta la vista” to Spanish rule during the Eighty Years’ War. This period left a mark on Dutch culture, architecture, and even language. The Spanish word Ñoño, which translates to something like ‘dull’ or ‘boring, probably wasn’t how the Dutch felt after gaining independence, considering they kicked off that Golden Age of theirs! A Language Mash-Up Now, fast-forward to modern times. When you want to say When in Spanish, there’s a nifty phrase “cuándo, and the Dutch have a similar word “wanneer. Language is a hoot like that, sharing little bits, right? Speaking of which, on a side note, I stumbled upon this curious read about in porn Movies why do men cum Himself, and, lo and behold, even in the adult industry, language plays a tricky role! Speaking of influence, did you know that the Spanish-born King of Netherlands, Willem II, was quite the character? And let’s not forget the artists! For instance, in the Duluth Trading Co ads, you might catch a whiff of that practical, no-nonsense Dutch design flair, a distant cousin to Spanish utilitarian yet stylish fashion sense. Pop Culture Crossovers Now, here’s a twist—imagine if we had a series focusing on the high-stakes drama of the Dutch-Spanish cultural exchanges, kind of like Swat Season 7, but with more tulips and flamenco. Now that’s what we call a spicy cultural crossover, don’t you think? And we can’t talk about the Netherlands in Spanish without mentioning young talents blending cultures. Take Walker Scobell, the actor known for “The Adam Project. If he were to star in a film about a time-traveling hero bouncing between Spain and the Netherlands, how cool would that be? From learning arts in Barcelona to cycling through Amsterdam—talk about a performance-worthy trip! Today’s Language Blends Lastly, let’s get down to the nitty-gritty—the language blend. You’ve probably heard of “Spanglish,” but have you heard of “Dutchlish”? Okay, it might not be a thing (yet), but there’s something charming about mashing up languages. Sometimes it sounds as eccentric as Whoe, which, by the way, is one funky way of typing ‘who’ with extra pizzazz. So, there you have it, amigos and vrienden! The Netherlands in Spanish heritage is a cultural cocktail that’s as rich and entertaining as it is historically significant. Next time you’re sipping on some sangria or munching on Gouda, remember, these two distinct worlds have more in common than you might think. ¡Salud, of zoals ze in Nederland zeggen, proost! What is Netherlands called in Spain? Oh, if you’re in Spain and feeling chatty with the locals, you’d call the Netherlands “Países Bajos”. It’s their go-to for what we know as the Netherlands, and boy, does it roll off the tongue! Is Holland same as Netherlands? Alright, let’s settle this once and for all: Holland is to the Netherlands as a slice is to the whole pizza. Holland actually refers just to two provinces in the Netherlands, but hey, it’s often used to mean the whole country. Not exactly the same, but close enough for jazz. Why is Netherlands called Países Bajos? Let’s take a quick trip to Europe – the Netherlands is called “Países Bajos” because it literally means “Low Countries,” and no joke, it’s super flat there. Makes sense, right? The majority of the land is at or below sea level. Go figure! What does Netherlands translate to? You know, “Netherlands” translates into “Low Countries” in English. And, nope, it’s not because they’re into limbo dancing; it’s simply ’cause much of the land is as flat as a pancake and low-lying. Why was it called Spanish Netherlands? Ah, the Spanish Netherlands! It was a bit of a throwback to the 16th century when a chunk of what we now call Belgium, Luxembourg, and, yep, the Netherlands was all cozied up under Spanish rule. Kinda has a ring to it, doesn’t it? What country is called the Netherlands? So, “what country is called the Netherlands?” you ask. Well, let me tell you, it’s that teeny-tiny powerhouse of a country in northwestern Europe, well-known for its canals, tulips, windmills, and bicycles. And, not to forget – the epic cheese! What 4 countries make up the Netherlands? Now, this one’s a bit tricky! The Netherlands itself is one country, but hold your horses, it’s also part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which has a total of four countries: the Netherlands itself, plus Aruba, Curacao, and Sint Maarten. Who knew, right? Should I say Holland or Netherlands? Hey there, word nerd! So, should you say Holland or Netherlands? Well, the Netherlands is the official name of the country, but Holland, that’s like a nickname for just parts of it. Stick to the Netherlands to be on the safe side and not ruffle any feathers. What language is spoken in Netherlands? Dutch is the word! That’s right, Dutch is what people speak in the Netherlands. It’s their mother tongue, and they’re pretty proud of it, too. So, if you swing by, maybe learn a phrase or two. It’ll be a hoot! Is it OK to call the Netherlands Holland? Is it OK to call the Netherlands Holland? Well, it’s not the end of the world, but it’s kinda like calling your vacuum cleaner a Hoover when it’s not. People will get what you mean, but for the full picture, it’s the Netherlands – Holland’s just part of the whole shebang. What do the Dutch call themselves? The Dutch call themselves “Nederlanders,” and hey, they love their bikes, their orange color during sports, and their gezelligheid – that’s coziness for us non-Dutch speakers. What is Netherlands famous for? Oh, the Netherlands is famous for a bagful of goodies: stretches of tulips, windmills, mind-boggling bike paths, legal pot cafés, stroopwafels, and not to mention, a little painter you might’ve heard of – Vincent van Gogh. What do I call someone from the Netherlands? If you bump into someone from the Netherlands, just call them Dutch – simple as that. Sure beats saying “Netherlandian” or something equally tongue-twisting, don’t you think? What do the Dutch call the Netherlands? So, what do the Dutch call the Netherlands in their own lingo? It’s “Nederland”, my friend – rolls off the tongue after a stroopwafel or two. What are people from Holland called? If you’re hanging out in Holland (I mean, the provinces), you’d be chillin’ with the “Hollanders.” But remember, that’s just part of the crew from the Netherlands! What is the other name for Netherlands? Looking for the other name for the Netherlands? Say no more; it’s the “Low Countries”. But honestly, keep it simple and just stick with the Netherlands. Why complicate life? What was Netherlands previously called? Back in the day, before it was the Netherlands, it was known as the “Republic of the Seven United Netherlands.” A bit of a mouthful, and let’s face it, times change! When did Spain lose the Netherlands? History time! Spain waved goodbye to the Netherlands in 1581 when the northern territories said “adios” and declared their independence. It was quite the historical mic drop. Where do Dutch go in Spain? Whenever Dutch folks need some sun and fun, they jet off to Spain. Spots like Costa del Sol, Mallorca, and Ibiza are like magnets for them – beach, sun, and sandal-ready weather, they’ve got it all.

A tool to increase the utility of ocean observations Life in the ocean is the focus for the major new EU project BioEcoOcean. One main task will be developing a working method for supporting the development and coordination of ocean observations and measurements to make them comparable from one country, research group and management agency to the next. The project will last four years and has a budget of SEK 67.5 million. “Today, marine organisms are observed and monitored in various ways around the world. Nor is there any well-developed overall strategy for doing so,” says Lina Mtwana Nordlund, who is coordinating the project from Uppsala University. The lack of standardised methods makes it difficult to unequivocally answer questions about how organisms and ecosystems are responding to, for example, climate change. “I work a great deal with seagrass. But what should I be measuring? Someone might measure coverage – i.e., how large an area the plants cover – another how many plants there are and a third something else entirely. Globally standardised and coordinated measurements will allow us to compare our measurements with one another wherever one is on Earth, as one does with temperature for example,” explains Nordlund. Development of a tool The main task of the project, which is part of the European Commission’s key funding programme for research and innovation, Horizon Europe, will be to build a system that facilitates equivalent and more useful marine observations. Work will begin in earnest in early 2024. “We will be developing a tool to facilitate cooperation between planners, researchers, managers, data analysts and policymakers, among others. Development will take place in a co-creative process involving many different stakeholders. It is intended to support everyone involved with ocean observations in communicating with one another and thinking bigger,” says Nordlund. It is particularly important to standardise measurements of what are known as essential ocean variables, i.e., things that are measurable and considered particularly important to understanding populations and ecosystems. This may, for example, be a matter of the distribution or quantity of fish and submerged aquatic vegetation. Understanding natural variations and what causes them is necessary if we are to create better models of future scenarios. Studies of living organisms Aside from developing the tool, the project will also encompass a number of studies of living organisms at several locations around Europe. The aim is to work on many different types of ocean observations while simultaneously testing, adapting and developing the tool together with stakeholders. “I have what is known as a living lab on Gotland where I work with seagrass, fish and invertebrates. Among other things, we will see whether measurements can be taken more effectively. Aside from what we’re already measuring, what else can we measure in order to understand both positive and negative changes?” ponders Nordlund, for whom the organisation of marine environment observations on a global scale is nothing new. Since last year, she has been a member of the expert panel on biology and ecosystems for the Global Ocean Observing System, a programme led by the UNESCO Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC).

A lottery is a gambling game where people pay for a chance to win a prize, such as money. In the United States, state governments run lotteries. These lotteries have a large profit margin, which they use to fund public projects, such as schools, roads, and bridges. There are also private lotteries that raise money for private organizations. Lotteries have a long history, and have been used by many cultures throughout the world to determine ownership of land, property, or other rights. In colonial America, lotteries played a vital role in raising funds for towns, wars, colleges, and canals. While most players think that they are simply playing for fun, the reality is that lotteries make billions of dollars every year. This money gets distributed among the retailers, overhead for the lottery system itself, and the state government. The state governments then use these funds to support infrastructure, education, and gambling addiction initiatives. However, some of this money is also spent on advertising to lure people to buy tickets. Super-sized jackpots are one way that lottery marketers get people to play, and they are also a great way to earn free publicity on news sites and television. Despite the high odds of winning, many people still play the lottery. This is because people want to be rich and it is a human instinct. Some people play the lottery for the money, but most do it because they believe that it will change their life for the better. The big problem with this is that people who win the lottery often spend all of their money on bad investments and end up in financial ruin. Most states allow people to purchase lottery tickets online, but many do not regulate the process. As a result, some of these sites may not be safe for you to use. To protect yourself, you should always check the site’s security policies before submitting any personal information. You should also check whether the website is secure before making a payment. In the United States, there are forty-four state lotteries and the District of Columbia. In fiscal year 2006, they took in $17.1 billion. Some of this money goes to educating children, while others go toward state government budgets, and some is even earmarked for fighting gambling addiction. Some of the state governments that began lotteries did so in order to raise money for social safety net programs. They saw the lottery as a way to expand those programs without having to increase taxes on the middle class and working class. They believed that the lottery could be a permanent source of revenue and would allow them to get rid of taxes altogether. This arrangement lasted for a while, but it eventually collapsed because of inflation and the cost of the Vietnam War. In addition, some states began to view the lottery as a form of hidden tax.

The South African Constitution as a Role Model for the United States 9 Pages Posted: 15 Feb 2011 Date Written: January 24, 2011 This article emphasizes the opportunity Americans have for considering whether the United States can push for constitutional amendments or statutory reform based upon lessons learned from South Africa. Adrien Wing was an adviser for several years to the African National Congress Constitutional Committee during the time period leading up to the adoption of the first democratic South African constitution. The 1996 permanent South African Constitution has provided equality on a much more sophisticated basis than the U.S. Constitution, overcoming a legacy of very recent de jure discrimination similar to, but also different from, the discrimination prevalent in the U.S. context. In this article Adrien Wing advocates for the U.S. to consider passing an amendment reinventing the U.S. Constitution equality clause along the lines of the South African equality clause. She also advocates, on a smaller scale, reestablishing a national dialogue on the defeated Equal Rights Amendment could successfully add gender into the U.S. Constitution. Additionally or in lieu of this approach, if the political process rejects it, this article calls for an intersectional approach to race and other identities in U.S. statutory law along the lines of South Africa Keywords: South African Constitution, Gender, Dialogue, Overcoming Discrimination, South Africa, Lessons Learned, U.S. Fourteenth Amendment, Reform, Critical Race Femenism, LGBT, Lesbian, Gay Constitutional Rights JEL Classification: K10, K49, K30, K39 Suggested Citation: Suggested Citation

There is plenty of noise surrounding the conversation of hip-hop and harmony. Part of the confusion is rooted in the way hip-hop is defined but this is something we’ll talk about later. I remember reading a newspaper report a long time ago where the writer appeared to insinuate that hip-hop and rap, at their core, weren’t even music because they didn’t have harmony or melody. It’s a really funny thing to read if you know anything about the genre, or if you’ve even listened to it for more than 30 minutes at a time. However, what the writer argued was actually kind of true – in a way – because of what I’m about to explain to you now. Hip-hop and rap music, in their simplest form, do not have harmony because there has to be more than one melody to create harmony. However, once there is more than one rapper or a musical context such as a beat, then hip-hop and rap can be as harmonically rich as any other genre. The fact of the matter is you need more than one melody at a time for harmony to exist, and the same thing can be said about singers as well – not just rappers. A great singer without instrumentation or backup singers doesn’t have harmony either. It’s melodic, not harmonic. Moving on though, let’s talk more about when hip-hop, rap, and other genres do have harmony. Why Hip-Hop and Rap Music Contain Harmony Every type of music contains harmony, of course, but some people ask the question of whether it does or not because one single rapper, on their own, technically can’t create harmony. As I said before, there needs to be more than one melody at once, by definition, for harmony to exist. It helps to understand what melody is in the context of rap and hip-hop, so we’ll briefly explore that without making the whole article about it. Melody is that part of the song that gets stuck in your head when you listen to a track over and over again. Fundamentally, hip-hop melody can embody the piano, the MC, or any other instrument in the composition. In hip-hop and rap what happens is that the melody and harmony often take a backseat while the rapper and the rhythm act more as the centerpiece. This was especially true for the 1990s-era style hip-hop where rappers hadn’t started singing melodically as they do now. Someone like Nas, or DMX, for example, both of those guys are rappers in the traditional sense. New artists have blurred this line between rapping and singing. Regardless, there were still harmonies in hip-hop/rap of the 1990s too for a simple reason which is what I’ll talk about right now. By the way, Mark Sarnecki’s Complete Elementary Rudiments and then the Answer Book are a great start to some of these basic theory concepts. I talked about it in this video down below: 1) Hip-Hop Artists Rap Over ‘Beats’ Which Consist of Harmonies (By Definition) When producers and rappers talk about beats, they’re talking about the actual music. It’s the part of the song with the drums, the piano, synths, guitars, flutes, saxophones, and so on and so forth. Rappers get their hands on one of these beats and then they record their performance over it. This, by definition, is harmony. Try not to overthink it. The definition of harmony is different notes and sounds played together at the same time in a way that sounds good. And that’s precisely what rappers are doing when they rap over a beat that has a piano and a flute in it. They’re creating harmonies. Here’s a beat that I made that I think has some pretty nice harmonies in it: One of the cool things about rap and hip-hop is that it’s fairly versatile and adaptable. In other words, it’s easy to combine other genres with it like Middle Eastern sounds, maybe Chinese instrumentation like the Erhu, and so on. So rap beats can often include harmonies that would normally be associated with a different culture or style of music. Rap music can be melodic, although according to Eric Bernsen from Sonic Bids – a professional music journalist and specialist in the genre – hip-hop has a whole sub-genre known as melodic rap. Although hip-hop dates back to the 60s and 70s New York scene, it’s amazing how over the decades it has circulated throughout the known world and been infused with new flavors. These influences change and influence hip-hop harmonies all of the time. Check out Algerian hip-hop artist Soolking infusing elements of raï (Algerian folk music) into his productions. He is just one of many artists around the world who are influenced by hip-hop harmonies. People like this are introducing a new wave of harmonic sounds into mainstream hip-hop. 2) Harmonies Contain 2 or More Melodies – And Most Hip-Hop Songs Have This As I stated earlier, the presence of 2 or more melodies creates harmony in hip-hop. Harmonies can be made up of chords and chord progressions in the beat. An example that comes to mind is the aforementioned track “a lot” by 21 Savage ft. J. Cole. What do we hear in this sample? The rapper 21 Savage flows while a female voice produces a floating melody in the background. Another hip-hop track that demonstrates harmony and counterpoint is the track, “What’s Poppin,” featuring DaBaby, Tory Lanez, Lil Wayne, and Jack Harlow. You can hear how the vocal melodies move independently while complementing each other at the same time. Another song playing in my head that reminds me of great melody is James Blake’s “Life Round Here” featuring Chance the Rapper. The song is packed with harmony. Take a listen to the various textures the melodies and the harmonies create. Hip-hop culture is known for beatboxing. Technically a form of a cappella music, these people are gems who can imitate musical instruments to create the beat. Rappers then use this beat as musical context to deliver their verses and hooks. I recommend you listen to artists like Juice WRLD, Doja Cat, Post-Malone, slowTHAI, and Nas for more rich harmony. This is not an exhaustive list, by any means, but only a starting place. You’ll develop a palette for hip-hop harmonies that appeal most to you. 3) Rap and Hip-Hop Use Samples There are thousands of hip-hop and rap songs that use samples of harmonically rich music like jazz, soul, funk, R&B, and blues (here’s my guide on how to sample, by the way). Drake’s “Nice For What” uses the loop of Ms. Lauryn Hill’s “Ex-Factor” from her album Miseducation of Lauryn Hill. There are jazz and blues harmonies in Kanye West’s “Drive Slow” from a sample of Hank Crawford’s 1973 track “Wildflower.” Let’s not forget Kanye West’s “All Falls Down.” This track lights up the harmony in Lauryn Hill’s melodic sample “Mystery of Iniquity.” Sampling is what makes hip-hop harmonies sound fresh. Most listeners don’t know that a song is sampled unless they are familiar with the source. For example, Motown and Diana Ross fans may catch the sample of the “I Thought It Took a Little Time (But Today I Fell in Love)” in 21 Savage and Metro Boomin’s “Runnin.” Doja Cat’s song “Streets” starts off with a nostalgic sample from Paul Anka’s “Put Your Head on My Shoulder.” 4) Modern Rappers such As Drake Sing More in Their Songs Drake is the kind of rapper that sings more than other rappers. He even sings when he is featured in other rappers’ songs. When you listen to a song like “Sicko Mode,” it is easy to pick up on Drake’s part among the multiple harmonies. Drake’s singing has become very much a part of his signature style. Drake is featured in the Migos hit “Walk It Talk It.” Listen to how you can clearly pick up that it is Drake’s part when he sings. 6LACK and J. Cole’s “Pretty Little Fears” is another great example of singing in harmony. Notice 6LACK is more of a singer than J. Cole. 6LACK harmonizes so well with the aid of the percussion set. The point is that the song consists of chord progressions and 6LACK sings melody over them. In its most practical form, this is the definition of harmony. Another great example of singing in harmony that comes to mind is Travis Scott’s “Can’t Say,” produced by Saint Laurent. And let’s not forget how Travis Scott and James Blake harmonize with each other in “Mile High.” This collaboration between Metro Boomin, James Blake, and Travis Scott is among my favorites in hip-hop harmony. Modern rappers choose to sing to diversify the kind of harmonies and melodies found in their songs. This creates space for the listener to experience the emotions of the song in between harmonies. In the sentimentally-charged harmony of “Ride Slow,” Russ’ tenor vocals harmonize to the beat, creating ballad-like drumming and humming patterns. 5) Beat Makers Use Arpeggiator and Soundscape Instruments Which Have Harmony By Definition In some songs, it may be challenging for certain parts to stand out as different from one another. It helps to introduce pads and other tools to spice up the harmonies in a song while still honoring what makes each part unique. Let’s explore creative ways beatmakers use technology in their favor to create harmony in hip-hop tracks. Tools like arpeggiator and soundscape instruments are popular in synthesizing hip-hop harmonies. All you have to do is play a C in an arpeggiator instrument, and it’ll play all kinds of notes and sounds that are in harmony with each other. This makes using these tools both fun and relatively easy. Using an arpeggiator instrument gives beat makers options to play chords in various patterns (i.e., think ascending, ascending and descending, random). LANDR gives a shortlist of how to get started on using arpeggiators in your tracks. Similarly, soundscape instruments offer a comparable luxury to beatmakers. Since chords and chord progressions are the foundations of hip-hop harmony, technology like this, with built-in harmony, supports beatmakers in creating more captivating loops. Given these digital instruments have harmony by definition, it keeps the – sometimes – arduous creative process simple. In the song “What They Want,” Russ plays with funky beats that are reminiscent of a dancehall-like rhythm. The harmony created here highlights accented claps, and the rapping reminds me of listening to a dancehall rhythm. This feeling comes from the way his raps harmonize with the kick. 6) 808 and Bass Patterns Are Made in Harmony With the Instrument and Vocal Melodies This is self-explanatory but worth mentioning on its own. Whenever a producer makes a beat, they have to make sure their 808 pattern is in the same key as the rest of the song. Metro Boomin’ is really good at making 808 patterns that sound great (here’s my guide on how to make sure your 808s are in tune, by the way). Metro Boomin-produced bangers “Space Cadet” and “No Complaints” are good examples of his classic 808 patterns. And we can’t forget the 808s in Rich the Kid’s “Plug Walk.” I also like the 808 patterns on Post Malone’s “Zack and Codeine.” They are well defined and you can almost hear a reverb-like quality to them. When a producer wants to round out the sound of the kick they actually increase the attack time on the kick. According to Anthony Albanese from LANDR, this is a good way to help your 808 bass pop from the other low-bass elements in your track. Let’s listen to an example of these bass patterns harmonizing with the vocal melodies of Kanye West in ScHoolboy Q “That Part.” Contrast this harmony to the aesthetic in the well-defined kick sound of Post Malone’s “Motley Crew.” Each time the 808 and bass patterns hit, they’re are aligned with the harmony and other instruments and vocal melodies. Important Things to Note About Hip-Hop and Harmony 1) Some People View Hip-Hop As One Giant Culture Which Rap Is Merely A Part Of I didn’t want to make this article about semantics, so I added this section down here. There is a lot of variation in the genre due to personal style and preference. For instance, you could say that one rapper, on their own, actually can create harmony because they can just rap over a recording of a beat – which many of them do. I’m thinking of Dreamville “Sacrifices” featuring EarthGang, J. Cole, Smino, and Saba. Rap by itself, or rap with only a beatboxer, is not as harmonically rich as other kinds of rap. Viewing hip-hop as a cultural phenomenon, and rap as its musical expression pushes us to approach and appreciate harmony in a new and interesting way. It can include dance, rap, music, style, fashion, etc., whereas rap almost exclusively refers to rap music. According to MIDI Nation, the differences between rap and hip-hop do exist. In this view, while rap is a music genre, it is born from hip-hop. Hip-hop, in turn, is more than merely a musical genre. It is also a lifestyle and a way of life.

Lake Titicaca is not only the highest navigable lake in the world, it’s also the place where you’ll discover the incredible Uros islands. These unique islands made of totora reeds hold historical and cultural value. In this blog post, we’ll learn more about the floating islands of Uros, as well as the locals that live there for more than hundreds of years already. Let’s get started and explore the unique connection between nature and culture in this post. What are the Uros Islands and How are They Built? A visit of the Uros Islands is one of the top things to do in Puno. They are not your typical islands, because they are artificially created from totora reeds, a local species that is widely available on Lake Titicaca. These reeds are skillfully woven by the Uros people, who produce floating platforms for their homes, schools and community spaces. The totora reeds that exist in the lake is used to create and maintain their floating islands. Reeds are placed in layers, anchored to the lakebed, and attached to stop them from moving. Fresh layers of reeds must be added to existing layers on a regular basis to maintain the islands’ stability and durability. There are around 60 to 70 islands in total. The number might vary yearly, though, due to the possibility of one island disappearing or merging with another island. History and Culture of the Uros People Origins of the Uros People The Uros people, whose history spans thousands of years, are thought to have started close to Lake Titicaca. Historical legend says that they retreated to the lake in search of safety in its great expanse of waters after encountering battles with nearby tribes. On the floating reed islands, their unique culture was created as a result of this movement. Lifestyle of the Uros People On the Uros Islands, a close relationship with nature and a sustainable way are central to daily life. They are very dependent on fishing and traditional crafts made from totora reeds. The inhabitants have developed complex weaving processes, creating beautiful crafts that serve as both a means of generating money and a way to maintain their cultural legacy. Nevertheless, you’ll find many fascinating buildings that reflect the unique lifestyle and architectural excellence of the Uros people. Some of the most impressive buildings are: Champa Houses: Serve as the Uros community’s homes and are located in the center of the Uros Islands. Community Meeting Halls: On the Uros Islands, important meetings and social events, such as weddings or other celebrations take place in these halls. Watchtowers: Watchtowers that rise above the floating islands offer breath-taking views of Lake Titicaca and the surrounding area. These tall buildings are used as observation posts to keep an eye on the shifting weather patterns and any dangers Handicraft Workshops: There are a number of small buildings dedicated to weaving and producing exquisite handicrafts spread out across the Uros Islands. Beautiful baskets, textiles, boats, and other distinctive objects are expertly crafted from totora reeds by Uros artisans. Next to these unique buildings, you’ll also find schools, hospitals and even a community radio station. Preservation of Local Traditions The Uros people have made impressive attempts to maintain their traditional way of life despite the effects of modernity. The Uros communities have successfully preserved their traditions, language, and distinctive attire while some islands have embraced tourism. During your visit to the islands, you will have the opportunity to participate in and observe local customs, such as their typical weaving or the unique fishing techniques they use to catch trout and other fish, as well as a boat ride on Lake Titicaca. The tribe of the Uros are an example of adaptability and resilience since they have survived for many years in a strange and difficult environment. Around 2000 Uros still live in Peru today, and 1200 of them do so on floating islands of Lake Titicaca. The Pukaras (1500 B.C.) were one of the earliest communities in America, and they left behind descendants who now live on the Islands of Uros. Furthermore, very little is known about this mystery society because there are no written records of it. For instance, we are aware that the Pukaras’ mythological “Pukina” language was spoken by the inhabitants of Uros. But when they started to trade and engage with the Aymara people, residents of the Titicaca lake borders, 500 years ago, they lost this and began to speak another ancient tongue known as Aymara. The Uros currently speak in their native Aymara tongue. The majority of their original culture is still present, despite the fact that they no longer speak their mother tongue. Journey to the Uros Islands How to Get to Lake Titicaca By plane: You can take a flight from Lima to Juliaca that takes 1:30 hours. By bus: The bus ride takes 20 to 24 hours, making it a lengthy trip. To make the journey more enjoyable, many bus companies provide cozy seats and onboard extras like meals and entertainment. By plane: There are only 1-stop flights via Lima that take 3.5 – 6 hours. The direct flights have been suspended for now. By bus: Depending on the route and rest stops, the bus trip takes about 6-7 hours. By plane: There only 1-stop flights via Lima that take 4 – 5 hours. By bus: Depending on the route and rest stops, the bus trip takes about 5 to 6 hours. For more information, have a read at our ultimate guide to exploring Lake Titicaca and its Islands. Uros Island Homestay Experience with Exploor Peru Once you arrive in Puno you’ll take a boat journey across the glimmering waters of Lake Titicaca to the Uros Islands. During your time on the island, you will be able to see firsthand the amazing craftsmanship and determination of the Uros people to build and maintain the island. The homestay is not luxurious, but includes a level of comfort that you won’t find on any other island. Apart from enjoying the beautifully decorated rooms with a view of Lake Titicaca, you can also try some traditional activities like fishing or canoeing, to truly immerse yourself in the local culture of the Uros. Before the first day ends, you will enjoy an unforgettable sunset on the highest navigable lake and enjoy regional food. Last but not least, you get to gaze at the sky full of stars at night. You’ll start your second day quite early to embrace a romantic sunrise before it’s time for breakfast and a tour to various Uros islands. After this adventure, you’ll continue your journey to the breathtaking Taquile Island. There, you can learn more about the local culture and the customs of the island’s people with the enormous lake in the back. This inaccessible island is one of the reasons to visit Lake Titicaca in Peru. As you can already see from our tour on Lake Titicaca, you will experience a unique adventure where you will embrace the beauty of the surroundings while learning more about the rich history of the locals. All of our local guides speak great English and will make your time unforgettable. These two incredible days are part of our 16-day tour through Peru. Best Time to Visit Uros Islands Lake Titicaca is a unique destination that is home to several islands and a must-visit during your time in Peru. The best time to visit Uros Islands is during the dry season, which lasts from May to September. In this season, temperatures range from 15°C to 20°C (59°F to 68°F) in the day and as low as 5°C to 0°C (41°F to 32°F) at night. Around this time, the weather is frequently bright and mild, with clear sky and little chance of rain. However, the temperature can drop at night, so be careful to pack thick clothing. Due to intense rainfall and regular flooding, traveling during the rainy season, which lasts from October to April, can be more difficult. During the rainy season (October to April), temperatures can drop as low as 0°C to -5°C (32°F to 23°F) at night. Daytime temperatures typically range from 10°C to 15°C (50°F to 59°F). Generally, it’s recommended to visit in the dry season, but the rainy season also has its advantages as there as less people and prices tend to be lower. Don’t Miss Out on this Must-See Destination The trip to the Uros Islands is a truly amazing experience that leaves a lasting impression with you. A privilege that shows the determination, creativity, and rich tradition of this unique group is to set foot on these floating reed islands and to immerse oneself in the lively culture of the Uros people. We highly recommend our readers to visit the Uros Islands on their own so they can see the breathtaking scenery, interact with the kind locals, and give back to the community. If you are interested in including this unique place to your itinerary then feel free to contact us.

When dealing with forward and futures contracts, calculating the implied interest rate is a necessary step in assessing the rate of returns across assets. Whether you deal with exchange rates, commodity prices or stock prices, you may need to calculate the implied interest rate. If you have a financial advisor, they may be able to assist you in determining the implied interest rate on your assets. This concept can be a bit complicated for novice investors to calculate on their own. What Are Implied Interest Rates? An implied interest rate conveys the difference between a forward/future rate and the spot rate. It's used most often when comparing returns across multiple assets and situations involving a forward or futures contract. Video of the Day When calculating the implied interest rate, the three values to know are the forward or future rate, representing the expected future value of the asset; the spot rate, which is the asset's current market value; and the amount of time until the contract matures. A positive implied rate indicates that future borrowing rates will increase. Conversely, a negative implied rate means that future borrowing rates will decrease. What Are Forward and Futures Contracts? Implied interest rates are most often used any time a forward or futures contract is involved. Investors use both contracts to hedge against risks by locking a specific price for an asset in place. While very similar, there are a few differences in terms of when each contract is used. Forward contracts are used to ensure the buying or selling of a specific asset at a set price, known as the forward price, and at a specified time, known as the contract maturity or expiration date. While similar, futures contracts, more commonly referred to as "futures," are settled daily, not at maturity. This allows futures to be bought or sold at any time. According to the team at the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC), most futures are liquidated prior to contract maturity. Futures also differ from forward contracts in the parties who make them. While forward contracts are private agreements made between two parties, futures are traded on public exchanges. Used in trading, futures are agreements between individuals or corporations to buy or sell a specific commodity at a future date, most often between hedgers and speculators, or those who profit from price changes in futures contracts, the CFTC writes. In a futures contract, the commodity price and amount are fixed at the time of the agreement. Additionally, some contracts allow a cash settlement instead of delivering the commodity. Calculating Implied Interest Rates Once you have the forward/futures, the spot rate values and the length of time, you can calculate the implied interest rate. The formula is as follows: Implied Rate = (Forward or Futures rate / Spot rate)1/Time - 1 For example, suppose you're calculating the implied interest rate on a stock that is currently trading for $100 and have a forward contract trading at $150 with a two-year maturity. The values for the equation are as follows: the forward rate is 150, the spot rate is 100 and the time is 2. Implied Interest Rate = (150/100)(1/2) - 1 = 22.5% Divide the futures rate of 150 by the current spot rate of 100. Since the contract matures in two years, raise the value to the power of 1/2, since the formula calls for 1 to be divided by the amount of time. Finally, subtract 1 from the value to find the implied interest rate. Consider also: Definition of Implicit Interest Rate

How Automated Software Testing Helps to Speed Up Delivery Automation testing is not new to the software industry. Innovators have used automation to create more efficient, intelligent, and personalized software products, ranging from chatbots to data analysis solutions. Development teams have implemented internal automation to streamline critical aspects of the software development lifecycle (SDLC). For example, automated software testing simplifies repetitive, time-consuming, and laborious manual testing. Increasing the speed and accuracy of each test case reduces overall testing effort and cost. This approach is discussed in depth in our quick guide to automated software testing and its importance in modern software delivery. Manual Testing vs. Automated Testing Services Manual software testing is when a tester runs the application and verifies the results. Manual testers document any flaws they discover. They may also determine the root cause of defects, recommend solutions, and validate fixes. Automation testing is the execution of test scripts using an automated software testing tool. The tool runs pre-recorded test cases or scripts that the user specifies. These tools automate much of the manual effort required to perform functional tests. Automated testing services can perform pre-defined tasks, compare results to expected behaviour, and report status. The tool can run single or multiple tests in a single environment. It can also manage the life cycle of automated tests, such as data management, script creation, and test execution. Read more: Different Types of Software Testing Automated software testing yields faster feedback. Automated software testing provides the team with immediate feedback to resolve issues before releasing code to production. The team can use automation to run scripts multiple times in a row. Furthermore, the test software automatically starts when the developer checks their code. Automated feedback at code check-in Automation software takes a snapshot of the test environment before running tests. A testing snapshot is a record of the test environment’s current state. It keeps track of which tests were run, passed and failed and optionally stores the actual test results in a database or spreadsheet. Snapshots are also known as “test passes” or “test runs.” If something goes wrong, developers receive immediate feedback. This allows them to address the issue quickly. This is especially useful in large teams, where a developer can run all their tests before checking in their code, allowing them to see if any other developers have broken anything. Allows teams to carry out testing early in SDLC Once development is complete, teams typically perform manual testing. There are two issues with this approach. To begin, waiting until development is complete necessitates the team mass testing the entire software at once. The second disadvantage of deferring until the end of development is that testers will almost certainly have a large backlog of issues. Automated testing services enable teams to evaluate software earlier in the SDLC, allowing them to catch issues sooner. The combination of Development and Operations (DevOps) is the key to testing earlier in the SDLC. The goal is collaborating with DevOps teams to deliver high-quality software more quickly. Teams can integrate automated testing software into the DevOps process in practice. As a result, the DevOps tools will run the tests automatically as part of the building and deploying code. Automation testing reduces delivery bottlenecks. According to a GitLab study, software testing is the most significant bottleneck in software delivery. These bottlenecks frequently cause delays as teams scramble to fix issues, lengthening time to market or resulting in sparse releases as features are cut due to bugs. So, what are the most common causes of bottlenecks? Teams are frequently forced to revisit unclear or outdated tests, update the test cases, and re-run them due to tester inconsistency. When testing must scale to meet the growth of a software product, manual testing becomes inefficient because each tester is limited by bandwidth. Automation simplifies testing. Machines, unlike humans, require precision and specificity in test cases, implying that testing is consistent and exact. Automation, similarly, enables teams to scale their testing efforts. They can add an unlimited number of tests and run them in parallel without hiring additional personnel. Furthermore, automation can run tests repeatedly, providing feedback early and frequently in the SDLC. These benefits enable teams to address issues before delivery, avoiding a bug bottleneck. Automated software testing allows for better test coverage Software test coverage is the percentage of a program’s code executed by one or more tests. The more code that is tested, the less likely it is that a program will contain errors. However, automation testing allows for more granular testing than manual testing. Additional types of testing include: Functional testing verifies the functionality of a software application by utilizing its user interface. Unit testing is a type of evaluation that examines the functionality or code within individual units, modules, and methods. This method can be applied to a single class at a time, or it can be applied to multiple classes with different input parameters. Assume a method is used to calculate the total cost of a purchase order. The method is called several times with different arguments in a unit test. If one of the calls fails, both the test and the code have failed. Integration testing ensures that all components of the system function properly. Integration testing is software testing that ensures that all of a system’s components work together. Integration testing is more complicated than unit and functional testing and may involve multiple components. Because the integration of new features can have an impact on the existing system, integration testing is a continuous process. Why Choosing Bestarion as Your Software Testing Partner Bestarion, leading software development and consulting firm, can provide your organization with the appropriate test environment and test automation tools to ensure that your company delivers the highest quality software product to the market. Bestarion evaluates your existing platform and collaborates with you to create a custom automation strategy using agile methodology and proven best-in-class test automation tools. Our software development pioneers help pave the way for a faster product release for your company by leveraging automation earlier in the delivery cycle.

While Christmas is an enjoyable time, there’s no doubt that food is a central component. This can make it a challenging time if you struggle around food or have a difficult relationship with foods. Learning to eat more mindfully and intuitively can help you feel more in control around food, feel less guilt about food choices and is a valuable skill to practice throughout the year, not just at Christmas. Learning to eat mindfully takes time, however, here are our top tips for getting started: Eat foods that make you feel good – physically and mentally. For some people, this could be a creamy hot chocolate while watching your favourite Christmas movie or a mince pie with a friend. These foods might nourish our mind and our mood. Other times you might crave a piece of fruit, an extra helping of veg with your dinner or an alcohol-free day because you feel like your body is craving this. There are no ‘good or bad’ foods, just food. Same as we are not ‘good or bad’ depending on the foods we eat. Removing feelings of shame or guilt around food gives us so much more freedom and ultimately, we are more likely to choose a balanced diet. Check in with your hunger and fullness signals. Sometimes we can become out of touch with our hunger and fullness signals and not trust ourselves to know when we are hungry or full. This can often be a result of years of dieting, following restrictive meal plans and being told exactly what and when to eat. No wonder we can be scared to trust ourselves. However, we can learn to connect with these signals again. You can do this by regularly using the hunger scale (right). Ideally you would like to be around a 4 before a meal and 6 after a meal. Look out for hunger signals like stomach grumbling, constant thoughts about food, low energy levels, feeling faint or irritable. It’s also important to check in with your fullness signals, particularly at Christmas when we tend to be surrounded by endless supplies of food. We can override the feeling of fullness and intentionally eat more, sometimes to the point of feeling uncomfortably full. Check in with yourself while you are eating and if you’re starting to feel satisfied, stop. You an always come back and finish the meal later if you are still hungry. Check in with your mood. If you are craving something to eat, but you don’t actually feel hungry, check to see if this is more of an emotional hunger rather than a physical hunger. Often, we crave certain foods in response to emotions such as stress, boredom, loneliness, tiredness etc. Ask yourself ‘What emotion am I feeding?’. Over time this helps us to separate physical and emotional hunger and can help us to learn other ways of coping with our emotions. Some things that can help would be to include some gentle movement of exercise, getting stuck into your favourite hobby or taking 10 minutes to practice some mindfulness. Ditch the weighing scales. Your value is not measured by a number on the scales. Your health cannot be measured by a number on the scales. If, like a lot of people I work with, you find the scales can affect your mood and your behaviours then get rid of it. Focus on measuring your progress in other ways – are you noticing an improvement in your mood, energy levels, sleep, fitness? Do you feel like you are developing a better routine and healthier habits? Have you noticed improvements in your blood pressure, cholesterol or diabetes control? These are the ways you should measure your progress, not by a number on a weighing scales. Don’t plan to start a diet in January. You may be familiar with the cycle – restrict in November, go all out in December, and then come January 1st clear out the cupboards and go cold turkey. Only to eventually fall back into old habits after a few weeks. This approach doesn’t work long term. Finding a way of eating and exercising that is sustainable, that doesn’t restrict foods and doesn’t make us feel guilty or ashamed when we inevitably go ‘off plan’ is a much healthier and more effective approach. Why not try set goals that are realistic and achievable? For example, aim to start eating 3 meals per day and not skipping lunch, try to get one less takeaway per week and aim to go for at least 3 half hour walks each week. These are much more realistic goals than ones like saying you will cut out all sweets, chocolate, takeaways, cook all meals from scratch and exercise every day for the next year. Don’t set yourself up to fail. If you would like to find out more about mindful and intuitive eating, Croí will be running intuitive eating group programmes in 2024. Please click here for more information. Written by Aisling Harris, Croí Cardiac and Weight Management Dietitian

Whether you’re a middle-aged thrill seeker or a senior that has trouble walking up the stairs, as you age through life, you likely become more aware that your body isn’t as durable as it once was. Bruises that used to fade within a couple of days can last for weeks and appear much more quickly than they used to. Also, as you age, your bones become more brittle. Falling off of a bike as a ten-year-old is often no big deal, but as a middle-aged person or a senior, such a fall is no joke. It’s not always wise to swear off physical activities that bring you enjoyment — like biking or hiking. Injuries can happen in our home, from a slip in the shower to falling down the stairs. The good news is, there are some ways you can prevent injuries as you age. Staying fit is essential to preventing injury, especially for people over the age of 40. As you age, it becomes more difficult to maintain muscle mass, so it’s imperative that you continue to exercise to keep your body strong and resilient. Consider exercises that focus on strength training, flexibility, and balance. Warm Up Before Physical Activity If you are still staying active and enjoy playing sports, exercising, or engaging in other physical activities, as you age the need to warm up your body becomes more apparent. Warming prepares the body for physical exertion by increasing your heart rate and increasing blood flow to your muscles. This is a great way to prevent injury while exercising, playing sports, or doing any other physical activity. After you warm up, your muscles will become more flexible and it will make stretching easier. Stretching will prepare your body for the exercise and prevent injury to your muscles, tendons, and joints. If you’re going on a run or a walk, start off slow and gradually increase your speed until you’re at a comfortable pace. The same goes for other forms of exercise and physical therapy. This will prevent you from over-exerting yourself and sustaining any injury. Cooling down after your exercise will help prevent sore muscles and bring your body back to its natural resting state. Cool down with some light cardiovascular exercise and some stretching. If you’re the type of person who likes to stay active 7 days a week, consider choosing one day to rest and recover. Resting will prevent you from overworking your body and will help to prevent injury while maximizing gains. A good diet is a great way to prevent injury. Try replacing processed foods with whole foods and cutting down on your sugar intake. Pay attention to your protein and nutrient intake. A healthy diet will make your body stronger and more resilient, while a poor diet may contribute to muscle weakness. Also, make sure to stay hydrated. A healthy body needs plenty of water and electrolytes to stay healthy and resilient. So whenever you engage in physical activity, make sure to bring enough water. Check In With Your Body If you have any chronic pain or physical problems, it’s best to get it checked out early. Sometimes, chronic pain in our body may be caused by an injury elsewhere. An early diagnosis and treatment are always the most effective, so check in with your body to make sure you aren’t ignoring any warning signs. While we don’t want to recommend that anybody completely abandon their favorite hobbies, if you are someone who engages in dangerous activities, such as rock climbing, mountain biking, or downhill skiing, as you get older, it’s wise to scale back for injury prevention. Rather than challenging yourself and taking big risks, consider taking a more leisurely approach. To learn more about preventing injuries as you age, contact your physical therapist at ProFizix in Los Angeles at 310-742-2230.

Yet not all is rosy with the lander, apparently — it last communicated with Rosetta two weeks ago (on July 9). Part of the problem appears to be in establishing a solid link between the two spacecraft. The task has become harder as the comet approaches the Sun and becomes more active, forcing mission controllers to move Rosetta farther from the nucleus and making communications between the two probes difficult. The comet’s activity should peak around its closest approach to the Sun, which arrives August 12/13. ESA scientists hope to reestablish consistent contact with Philae so that it will be able to monitor the surface during this critical period. But in any case, Rosetta will continue its daring reconnaissance from above as scientists strive to learn more about these visitors from the solar system’s depths. Here we present some of the best recently released images from Rosetta showing many incredible landforms on Comet 67P’s surface.

One day inventor Dean Kamen saw a young man in a wheelchair struggling to get over a sidewalk. He realized that the problem wasn’t an ineffective wheelchair, it was that the world was built for people who could balance. Subsequently, he and his team created the Independence IBOT Mobility System, a self-balancing mobility device that enables users to climb stairs and negotiate uneven surfaces. After that, the thought arose that a balance machine had far-reaching possibilities for people with full mobility as well. Our inspiration for the name Segway came from the word segue, which is defined as transitioning smoothly from one state to another. Segway transforms a person into an empowered pedestrian, allowing him/her to go farther, move more quickly and carry more.

A lottery togel pulsa is a game where people pay for tickets to win prizes. The winnings can be anything from a small prize to a big jackpot. The odds of winning are very low, but many people play for fun or as a way to improve their lives. In the United States, lotteries generate billions of dollars each year. A popular example of a lottery is the state-run contest where people buy tickets and hope to win money. However, a lottery can also refer to any type of contest where the winners are chosen at random. These can include things like selecting students for a school or choosing units in a housing project. Regardless of how the lottery is run, there are a few important things to keep in mind. While there are no guarantees, you can increase your chances of winning by choosing numbers that appear less frequently. This will reduce the competition you have to face. Mathematically, the best tool you have to win a lottery is to understand the probability of each number pattern and choose combinations that have an adequate chance of winning. The word “lottery” comes from the Latin “loterie,” meaning the drawing of lots. Its first recorded use was in the Roman Empire, where it was used as an amusement at dinner parties or other social events. Prizes were usually fancy items such as tableware. Increasingly, the lottery became popular throughout Europe as an alternative to paying taxes or buying goods with cash. Publicly organized lotteries began to raise money for various purposes, including building colleges such as Harvard, Dartmouth, and Yale. Privately organized lotteries were also common in America. Lottery profits are often claimed to benefit some public good such as education, but research shows that this is not always the case. In fact, lotteries have become even more popular when state government budgets are tight. This is because the profits of a lottery are often perceived as an alternative to raising taxes or cutting essential services. As with any business, lottery operations are designed to maximize revenue through advertising and the promotion of gambling. This has led to controversy over whether or not the lottery is in the public interest. Some critics argue that it promotes gambling by encouraging people to spend more than they can afford, and it may have negative consequences for poorer populations or problem gamblers. Others point to the fact that state lotteries tend to evolve incrementally with little or no oversight, making it difficult to ensure that their policies are consistent with the general public interest. Ultimately, it’s up to each individual to decide whether or not to play the lottery. If you’re lucky enough to have a winning combination, you’ll be happy you did! However, remember that luck and persistence are key factors in any successful lottery strategy. If you don’t have any of the latter, you might find it helpful to consult a mathematical expert like Stefan Mandel, who has won the lottery 14 times.