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Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Sometimes referred to as corporate responsibility or corporate citizenship, CSR is a broad concept that can take many forms depending on the company and industry. In general, it is a self-regulating business model that helps a company be socially accountable to itself, its stakeholders and the public. Also, the practices put in place by a corporation to manage the social, environmental, and economic effects of its operations while promoting sustainability. Some aspects may be required by law, such as the requirement of banks to protect people’s private information, while other aspects are voluntary. Generally, CSR encompasses all the practices put in place by companies in order to uphold the principles of sustainable development. Also, what it means to be a sustainable or responsible organization – that to be economically viable, the organisation must also have a positive impact on society, and respect and preserve the environment. Some institutions provide more specific definitions of CSR: The European Union, in an attempt to offer a framework for companies wishing to invest in sustainable development, published in 2001 a Green Paper on Corporate Social Responsibility defining CSR as: “The voluntary integration of companies’ social and ecological concerns into their business activities and their relationships with their stakeholders. Being socially responsible means not only fully satisfying the applicable legal obligations but also going beyond and investing ‘more’ in human capital, the environment, and stakeholder relations.” The ISO 26000 international standard defines CSR as: “The responsibility of an organization for the impacts of its decisions and activities on society and the environment, resulting in ethical behavior and transparency which contributes to sustainable development, including the health and well-being of society; takes into account the expectations of stakeholders; complies with current laws and is consistent with international standards of behavior; and is integrated throughout the organization and implemented in its relations.”

This chapter focuses on the works of Karl Marx from 1845 onwards, because it is in those works that the theories and concepts for which he is best known were developed. It begins by explaining Marx’s materialist conception of history, mainly through the manuscripts published posthumously as The German Ideology (originally co-authored 1845–1846 with Friedrich Engels) and the 1859 ‘Preface’. The chapter explores some of Marx’s main concepts, including mode of production, class struggle, and ideology. The chapter then turns to Marx’s critical analysis of the capitalist mode of production, especially as found in the Communist Manifesto (1848, with Engels) and Capital Volume One (1867). Finally, it examines Marx’s views on the state and contrasts them with those of his anarchist contemporaries. While acknowledging Marx’s weaknesses, especially with respect to the analysis of race and gender, the chapter defends his continuing relevance.

In an age of tax revolts and soaring deficits, many state governments rely on lottery revenues to fill the gaps in their budgets. But the proliferation of these games raises the question whether promoting gambling should be an appropriate function for government at any level. Lottery advertisements target specific groups — notably youth and middle-age people who might not be able to afford to play otherwise — and imply that winning the lottery will provide them with a better life. This is a powerful message that sways some people to gamble, even though the odds of winning are very low. In the earliest lottery games, players bought tickets for a drawing at some future date, often weeks or months away. But innovations in the 1970s transformed state lotteries, allowing them to sell instant games that offered smaller prizes but higher frequencies of winners. These games, combined with a dramatic increase in advertising, led to an explosion of lottery revenues. Today, lottery games are so popular that it seems hard to imagine a world without them. Almost every state offers one, and they contribute billions to state coffers. But the popularity of these games raises some troubling questions about what role they should play in society, writes James H. Cohen, a professor of economics at Michigan State University and co-director of the Institute for Research on Poverty. Cohen’s book, The Lottery, is a history of the modern American lottery. It starts in the nineteen-sixties, when the popularity of lotteries collided with a crisis in state finances. As population growth, inflation and war expenses soared, it became increasingly difficult for states to balance their budgets without raising taxes or cutting services. To address this issue, the government launched lotteries to provide revenue and stimulate the economy. But in many cases, these programs have proven to be a costly failure. The most significant problem is that the lotteries are run as businesses, with a focus on maximizing profits and expanding into new games. This approach can lead to conflicts with other state priorities. Another issue is that state lotteries are not fully transparent about their operations. They do not publish the actual odds of winning a prize, or the cost of running the lottery. As a result, potential customers do not know what they are getting into when they buy a ticket. Lottery officials argue that the information is confidential, but they are ignoring important legal and ethical issues. The information should be made public so that consumers can make informed choices. The lack of transparency also undermines confidence in the lottery’s integrity. Moreover, it allows the lottery to manipulate demand and prices. This can harm consumers and cause fraud, he adds. Nevertheless, the authors conclude that there are several ways to improve lottery transparency. The first step is to include more detailed demand information in lottery advertising. This can be done by publishing a table that shows the total number of tickets sold, the average price per ticket, and other relevant data.

Welcome to our informative expedition of India’s farming! In this post, we explore the typical seed rate per acre throughout different crops in India. Comprehending the optimum seeding rates is vital for farmers, as it straight affects yield, expenses, and general crop health. From the rich rice paddies to the large wheat fields, we will take a look at how various crops need unique seeding methods. Join us as we unwind the tricks of effective farming, offering important details for both farming lovers and experienced farmers. Factors Influencing Seed Rate per Acre in India Seed rate is the quantity of seed required to plant a system location of land. In India, it depends upon elements such as crop, range, seed quality, seed treatment, sowing technique, soil type, environment, watering, weed management, and bug and illness control. Seed rates differ based upon elements such as germination portion, seed size, plant density, yield capacity, and resistance to illness and insects. Seed quality identifies germination pureness, vitality, and portion, with poor-quality seeds needing greater rates. Seed treatment, which includes using chemical or biological representatives to the seed, can minimize seed rates by 10-15%. Planting approaches like broadcasting, drilling, dibbling, transplanting, and direct seeding likewise impact seed rates. Climate impacts seed rates by affecting temperature level, rains, humidity, and sunshine, with dry and hot environments needing greater seed rates. Watering impacts seed rates by impacting moisture accessibility and tension tolerance. Weed management practices, such as manual weeding, mechanical weeding, chemical weeding, and incorporated weed management, likewise effect seed rates. Bug and illness control steps likewise have various seed rates depending upon the crop and range. Impact of Climate on Seed Rate per Acre in India Climate modification is among the significant elements impacting the seed rate per acre in India. Seed rate is the amount of seeds needed to plant a system location of land. It depends upon different elements such as crop type, range, seed size, germination portion, planting technique, soil type, wetness level, weed problem, illness and bug occurrence, and so on. Environment modification can modify these elements and impact the seed rate per acre in various methods. Greater temperature levels can minimize the germination portion and increase the seed death rate of some crops. In case you missed it: Fertilizer Application Rate Per Acre: Exploring Different Crop Fertilizer Application Rates Increased rains can trigger waterlogging and soil disintegration, which can minimize seed accessibility and practicality. Dry spells can decrease the soil wetness and fertility, which can impact the seed development and development. Severe weather condition occasions such as floods, cyclones, hailstorms, and so on, can harm the crops and seeds at various phases of advancement. Environment modification can have a substantial effect on the seed rate per acre in India and need farmers to adjust their seed management practices appropriately. Crop-Specific Seed Rate Recommendations for Indian Agriculture Different crops have various seed rate requirements depending upon their qualities and agronomic practices. Farmers require to follow the crop-specific seed rate suggestions provided by farming professionals and research study organizations. A few of the typical crops grown in India and their advised seed rates per acre are as follows: - Rice: 20-25 kg for transplanted rice and 80-100 kg for direct-seeded rice - Wheat: 100-125 kg for irrigated wheat and 75-100 kg for rainfed wheat - Maize: 20-25 kg for hybrid maize and 15-20 kg for composite maize - Sorghum: 10-12 kg for kharif sorghum and 8-10 kg for rabi sorghum - Pearl millet: 3-4 kg for hybrid pearl millet and 2-3 kg for desi pearl millet - Finger millet: 8-10 kg for broadcast sowing and 4-5 kg for line sowing - Pigeonpea: 10-12 kg for pure crop and 6-8 kg for intercrop - Chickpea: 75-100 kg for irrigated chickpeas and 60-80 kg for rainfed chickpeas - Mungbean: 8-10 kg for irrigated mungbean and 6-8 kg for rainfed mungbean - Soybean: 25-30 kg for irrigated soybean and 20-25 kg for rainfed soybean Traditional vs. Modern Approaches to Determining Seed Rate per Acre Traditionally, Indian farmers identified seed rate per acre utilizing trial, experience, and instinct and mistake approaches. They utilized easy tools and dealt with restraints like low seed quality, bad storage centers, and minimal accessibility of seeds. This resulted in wastage and low crop yields. Modern approaches include utilizing clinical approaches, tools, and innovations to enhance and determine seed rates for various crops. Farmers can utilize gadgets like seed meters, electronic scales, and digital calculators to determine the needed seeds properly. They can likewise access details from extension services, research study publications, and mobile apps. Enhanced seeds with high germination resistance, vitality, and portion to illness and insects can minimize seed rate requirements. Advanced strategies like accuracy seeding and variable rate seeding can change seed rates based upon soil conditions, crop development phase, and weather report. Economic Considerations in Determining Seed Rate per Acre The optimum seed rate per acre is an essential choice for farmers, as it affects both the expense of production and the profits from the crop. When choosing how much seeds to plant for their crops, farmers must think about the financial elements of seed rates. The expense of seeds is a substantial element, and greater seed rates can cause greater expenses and vice versa. The expense of other inputs such as fertilizers, pesticides, watering, and labor likewise impacts the seed rate. In case you missed it: Cost of Cultivation of Potato Per Acre in India: Exploring from Seed Costs to Market Charges Farmers must select a seed rate that decreases the expense of seeds without jeopardizing crop yield and quality. Seed rate likewise affects crop yield and quality by impacting plant population, development, illness, bug and competitors occurrence, and other elements. Greater seed rates can increase crop yield by guaranteeing appropriate plant density and harmony, while lower rates can enhance crop quality by permitting more area, light, and nutrients for each plant. Market rate and need likewise effect seed rate, as it affects the supply and quality of the fruit and vegetables. Greater seed rates can increase the supply by producing more amount, while lower rates can increase market value and need by reducing quality and increasing competitors. Farmers must select a seed rate that stabilizes market value and need without losing their market share and earnings. Best Practices for Calculating Seed Rate per Acre in Indian Farming Seed rate is the quantity of seed required to plant a system location of land, and it depends upon elements like crop range, seed size, germination portion, planting technique, spacing, soil bug, type, and environment and illness occurrence. It is vital for optimal plant population, consistent crop stand, effective resource usage, and greater yield. To compute the seed rate per acre in Indian farming, usage licensed seeds from genuine sources with high germination portion and vitality, test the germination portion before sowing, and change the seed rate utilizing the formula: - Seed rate (kg/acre) = (Desired plant population per acre x 100)/ (Germination portion x Expected field development). When computing the seed rate, - Consider the planting technique and spacing. - Follow the advised seed rate for various crops and ranges based upon the agro-climatic zone and season. - Treat seeds with proper fungicides, insecticides, and bio-fertilizers before sowing to safeguard them from soil-borne illness and insects. - Use ideal seed drills, planters, or seeders for consistent and exact sowing at the wanted depth and spacing. Avoid lacking or excess sowing to prevent overcrowding or underutilization of land, bad crop development, competitors for nutrients, water, light, increased weed problem, and decreased yield. Innovative Techniques for Optimizing Seed Rate per Acre - Seed rate is the quantity of seed needed to plant a system location of land. It is a crucial element that impacts the crop yield and quality. Enhancing seed rate per acre can assist farmers conserve seed expenses, minimize weed competitors, enhance crop stand, and boost crop efficiency. - Using quality seeds from licensed sources that have high germination pureness, vitality, and portion. - Using seed treatment approaches to safeguard seeds from illness, insects, and soil-borne pathogens. - Use accuracy planting devices such as a bed planter, delighted seeder, zero-till planter, and so on, that can position seeds at a consistent depth and spacing. - Seed rate calculators or tables based upon crop range, soil type, wetness level, planting technique, and so on, are utilized to figure out the optimum seed rate per acre. Adjusting seed rate according to the weather conditions, cropping system, weed pressure, and so on, to attain the wanted plant population and crop density.10 Best Garden Tillers in India For Seed Bed Preparation and Weed Control: Price List Included In case you missed it: Seed Treatment and its Influence on Sowing Density in India - Seed treatment is the procedure of application of chemical or biological representatives to seeds before sowing to boost their germination, facility, and development. Seed treatment can likewise safeguard seeds from different biotic, abiotic tensions such as illness, insects, dry spell, salinity, and so on - Improving the seed quality and practicality minimizes the seed rate per acre and increases the seed usage performance. - Enhancing the seedling vitality and development enhances the crop stand and minimizes the requirement for thinning or space filling. - Suppressing the weed development and competitors enables greater sowing density without impacting the crop yield and quality. Inducing resistance or tolerance to different tensions allows greater sowing density even under undesirable conditions. The Role of Technology in Precision Seeding and Seed Rate Management Precision seeding and seed rate management are vital in farming due to using innovation. Technologies such as remote picking up, GIS offer prompt and precise details to farmers, making it possible for site-specific seed rate suggestions. Drones record high-resolution pictures of the field, keeping track of crop development and health. Sensors and IoT step specifications like soil wetness, nutrient, and temperature level levels, making it possible for real-time decision-making. Apps and mobile phones use assistance on seed rate computation, seed treatment approaches, and planting strategies. Digital networks and platforms link farmers with professionals and extension employees, assisting in understanding sharing and feedback. These innovations are necessary for efficient and effective seeding and seed rate management. Adapting Seed Rate per Acre to Sustainable Agricultural Practices in India Sustainable farming in India intends to save natural deposits, enhance ecological quality, and guarantee social equity. By adjusting the seed rate per acre to sustainable practices, India can minimize input expenses, boost soil health and fertility, save water resources, lessen ecological effect, and enhance food security and nutrition. Sustainable practices consist of crop rotation, intercropping, natural farming, and preservation farming. Crop rotation breaks pest cycles, enhances soil structure, and diversifies earnings sources. Intercropping effectively makes use of area, light, and nutrients, while natural farming utilizes natural inputs to boost soil fertility and crop quality. Preservation farming, on the other hand, minimizes soil disruption, saves wetness, and increases soil raw material. Government Policies and Guidelines Regarding Seed Rate per Acre India’s federal government has actually executed a number of policies and standards to manage the seed sector and promote using quality seeds by farmers. These consist of the Seeds Act of 1966, which controls seed accreditation, quality, and registration control, and the Seeds Rules of 1968, which detail treatments for seed production, processing, screening, labeling, storage, and circulation. The National Seeds Policy of 2002 objectives to increase the accessibility of quality seeds at budget-friendly rates and promote hybrid, transgenic, and natural seeds. How to Identify Fake Seeds: Key Differences Between Real and Counterfeit Seeds In case you missed it: The Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers Rights Act, 2001, safeguards plant ranges established by farmers, scientists, and personal business and grants rights to conserve, utilize, exchange, and offer their seeds. The National Mission on Seeds, 2010, intends to increase seed replacement rate and production in India by reinforcing seed facilities, quality, extension, and research study guarantee. Community-based methods include regional individuals working together to share understanding and resolve issues. They can assist enhance farmers’ awareness of enhanced seed rate practices through peer knowing, presentation plots, field days, and farmer-to-farmer extension. Farmers can make choices based upon their requirements, experiences, choices, and resources. Community seed banks, cooperatives, and seed fairs can enhance seed gain access to and accessibility. Enhancing social capital amongst farmers promotes trust, cooperation, interaction, and cumulative action. The preservation and usage of conventional and regional seed ranges are likewise promoted. Examples of community-based methods consist of farmer field schools (FFS), participatory plant breeding (PPB), and farmer-managed seed systems (FMSS). FS includes routine conferences for farmers to talk about crop production, PPB includes partnership in between farmers, scientists, and extension employees to establish brand-new crop ranges, and FMSS is a casual system where farmers produce, conserve, exchange, and offer their seeds within their networks or neighborhoods. Challenges in Implementing Ideal Seed Rates Across Different Regions of India India deals with difficulties in executing optimum seed rates due to an absence of reputable information, standardized approaches, insufficient supply of quality seeds, absence of awareness amongst farmers, cost of seeds for limited and little farmers, insufficient extension services, and absence of encouraging policies. These difficulties consist of a requirement for standardized approaches, an insufficient supply of quality seeds, and an absence of awareness for farmers about the significance of optimum seed rates. Resolving these problems is vital for guaranteeing sustainable farming in India. |Comparative Analysis of Seed Rates for Different Crops in India |Seed Rate (kg/acre) In case you missed it: - Best Fertilizers to Increase Crop Yield: Boost the Yields of Vegetables, Fruits, Flowers, and Other Crops - Pruning Schedule for Trees: Trimming Calnder for Different Plants and Trees - Seed Rate Per Acre in India: Exploring Seeds Per Acre for Different Crops - Fertilizer Application Rate Per Acre: Exploring Different Crop Fertilizer Application Rates - Farm Income Per Acre in India: Exploring State-wise Farmer’s Income for 1-acre Cultivation - Beekeeping in the Philippines: Exploring Apiculture Industry in the Philippines - How to Grow Fairy Castle Cactus Plants: Exploring Propagation, Planting, and Care - Pepino Melon Farming: Exploring Business Plan to Grow and Market - Pest Management in Paddy at Panicle Initiation Stage: Best Pest Control Strategies - 18 Ways to Build Your Own Trellis: Types of Plant Supports, Unique and Cheap Trellis Ideas - Everything You Want to Know About Wandering Jew Plant: Propagation, Growing, and Caring - Jowar Farming in Rabi Season: Cultivation Practices, Varieties, and Yield - New Paddy Varieties in India: High-Yielding, Disease-Resistant, and Aromatic Rice Cultivars - Cost of Farming Per Acre in India: Calculator for State-wise Cultivation Input Cost Per Acre - Cost of Cultivation of Potato Per Acre in India: Exploring from Seed Costs to Market Charges - The Growing Trend of Urban Terrace Gardening in India for Healthy Living and Sustainability - Precision Farming Technologies for Weed Management - Weed Management in Onion Farms: Control with Organic, Mechanical, Biological, and Herbicides - Black Gram and Green Gram Varieties for Kharif and Rabi Seasons - Zero Tillage Maize Cultivation: Economic Viability, Government Policies and Support - How to Open a Goshala in India: Legal Requirements and Procedure to Starting a Goshala Project - Everything You Need to Know About Punganuru Cows: Origin, Characteristics, Temperament, and Breeding - 14 Best Tractor Mounted Combine Harvesters in India: Top List With Price Included - 14 Best Tractor Mounted Reaper Binders in India: Top List With Price Included - 10 Best Tractor Mounted Hedge Cutters in India: Top Small Tractor-Mounted Hedge Trimmers - How to Earn Good Profits with Gulkhaira Cultivation: High-Yield Medicinal Plant - Cultivating Plants in Recycled Plastic Bottles and Containers: New Art of Sustainable Gardening Practices - Maximizing Health and Productivity with Precision Nutrition Strategies for Poultry Farming - Implementing Technology in Cattle Farming: Automation and Digital Solutions - How to Control Pests and Diseases in Mushrooms: Best Way to Manage with Natural and Organic Remedies - Leaf Spot Management in Plants: Causes, Symptoms, and How to Treat With Natural and Organic Remedies - How to Control Common Plant Fungal Diseases: Homemade Natural and Organic Remedies for Fungal Diseases - How to Control Common Plant Pests: Homemade Natural and Organic Remedies to Prevent Plant Bugs - Tailoring DIY Vegetable Plants Fertilizers to Different Growth Phases - Government Subsidy for Oil Palm Crops in India: State-wise Oil Palm Cultivation Subsidies - Unlocking the Potential of Organic Pig Farming: Sustainable and Profitable The typical seed rate per acre in India differs considerably throughout crops, showing the varied farming practices and environments. From wheat to veggies, each crop requires a particular seeding method, stabilizing performance and yield. This understanding is essential for enhancing crop production and guaranteeing sustainable farming in India.(*)

Category : Business | Sub Category : Finance and accounting Posted on 2023-07-07 21:24:53 Finance and Accounting: A Comprehensive Guide Accounting and finance are important parts of a successful business.. Understanding the principles of finance and accounting is important for making informed decisions and managing your resources effectively.. We will provide you with a guide to finance and accounting that will cover the key concepts and strategies that can help you achieve financial success. 1. Understanding finance is important. Finance deals with the management of money, investments, and other financial instruments.. It includes financial planning, budgeting, investment analysis, and risk management.. Finance is important for making decisions and keeping your business healthy. Financial statements include the balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement.. Analyzing the statements can help you evaluate your business. A budget is a critical aspect of financial planning.. Setting financial goals and allocating resources accordingly will allow you to track your expenses, monitor your variances and make adjustments to ensure financial stability. Investment analysis is important for making sound financial decisions.. Net present value and internal rate of return are some of the techniques that can help you analyze investment projects. Financial risks, including market fluctuations, currency risk, and credit risk, can have a significant impact on your business.. Diversification and hedging can help protect your financial assets. 2. Accounting principles and practices are used. Accounting is the process of recording, summing, and reporting financial transactions.. It gives valuable information for decision-making.. Ensuring compliance with relevant regulations and familiarity with accounting principles are two things that you should know. GAAP is a set of accounting principles, concepts and conventions used to standardize financial reporting.. It gives guidance on how to record and report financial information. Double-entry bookkeeping is the foundation of accounting.. It ensures that every transaction affects at least two accounts and maintains the accounting equation.. It is helpful to know this principle so that you can maintain accurate records. Financial ratios give insight into a company's financial performance and health.. Analyzing these ratios can help you understand your business's efficiency, profitability, and ability to meet financial obligations. Understanding the tax implications of your financial activities is important for managing your business's tax obligations effectively.

What is Uveitis? Uveitis is an eye inflammation that affects the middle layer of the eye. This layer is called the Uvea. When the Uvea is inflamed, you may get eye pain, eye redness, or blurred vision. Uveitis can cause permanent vision loss and should be treated right away. Uveitis is often caused by infections. These infections can affect your entire body. Your eye doctor can treat your eyes, but other treatments may be needed to control the disease in the rest of the body. The goal of treatment is to: - Relieve pain - Stop vision loss - Treat the infection or disease that caused Uveitis There is no cure for Uveitis. However, it can be controlled. For diseases like Tuberculosis (TB) or Leprosy, there is a specific treatment. But since the cause of Uveitis can vary, the exact treatment will depend on your case. Eye inflammation is usually treated with corticosteroids or newer drugs (like immunosuppressives). Remember: the earlier the treatment, the more likely it is that your sight can be saved! What is the problem in my eye? You have inflammation in your eyes, which could be due to an allergy or an infection. What is the reason for the allergies or infection in my eye? There are a few possible reasons. 1) You may have had a traumatic eye injury. 2) You may have a bacterial infection in your body. 3) Some patients may have allergies without any clear reason If I have Tuberculosis (TB) in my body, will it affect my eyes? If you have Tuberculosis in your body, it can affect your eyes. To find out if you have Tuberculosis in your body, you will need to see a doctor for a few simple tests. These include blood tests, X-rays, or CT scans. What is the use of X-rays, CT scans, and blood tests? These investigations can help identify any conditions in your body that could cause inflammation in the eye. If I take the tablets for Tuberculosis (TB), can the infection come back? You may need to take the TB treatment for 6-9 months. If you take the tablet regularly, usually you won’t have a recurrence. Can I take immunosuppressives and TB tablets when I am pregnant or breastfeeding? No, you cannot take them. When I am on immunosuppressive medications, can I plan for a baby? No. While on immunosuppressives, you should not plan for a baby. How do I prevent Leptospirosis? - Leptospirosis is an infection that spreads due to skin contact with rat and cattle excretion. You should avoid walking barefoot. Wear slippers. - It can also spread by eating raw food that has not been properly washed. This includes fruits and vegetables – like salads and carrots. You should always make sure your food is washed with clean water. If you are not sure if the food has been washed, AVOID eating it. Will I need surgery to treat Uveitis? Usually, Uveitis is treated with eye drops and tablets. When used regularly, these should be enough to treat the disease. However, surgery may be needed in a few special cases. How much will treatment help? Again, this depends on your specific case. Even though there is no “cure”, Uveitis can be controlled. Doctors are growing more and more confident in Uveitis drug treatments. With these drugs, there is hope that vision can be protected in the long term. If I use eye drops, will it cure my eyes? Should I use eye drops regularly? For some patients, regular eye drops will be enough to cure Uveitis. Other patients must take eye drops but will also need to take tablets to control the disease. If you take the treatment correctly, the infection will be treated. Always follow your doctor’s advice. After using the eye drops, I am not able to read. Why? This is because the drugs dilate your pupil. Do not worry – the effect is temporary. It will go away after a little while. What are the side effects of the steroids? There are some side effects, but they don’t always occur. Many patients take these tablets daily and do not have serious complaints. Some of the side effects can include: pain in the abdomen, high blood sugar levels, high blood pressure, pimples, and weight gain. Do I need to follow a special diet when I am taking the steroid tablets? Usually, no specific diet restrictions are needed while taking the tablets. However, once you are started on steroid tablets, you may need to cut back on the amount of salt and sugar in your diet. My blood sugar has increased after taking the steroid tablets. Should I stop the treatment? No. The eye doctor will usually reduce the dose of oral steroids or raise the dose of diabetic medications. You will need to check and control your blood sugar levels regularly. I have pimples on my face after taking the steroid tablets. What can I do? These are harmless and will resolve when your doctor lowers the dose or stops treatment. You will not need any extra treatment for the pimples. If you have concerns, please tell you doctor. Do NOT lower the dose on your own, or the infection may not be cured. After using steroids, I have blurred vision. Why? Long term use of steroids can produce cataracts and glaucoma. To prevent these conditions, you must follow-up with your eye doctor regularly. Always follow the doctor’s advice. Tell your doctor if you notice any changes in your vision. Can I continue my systemic medications if I am on a Uveitis treatment? Systemic medications are any tablets that you take to treat other conditions in your body (for example, diabetes tablets). It is always better to inform your treating ophthalmologist about your systemic medications. You should consult with the ophthalmologist before continuing these medications. Uveitis is caused by a number of factors. These include: - Infection by bacteria (such as M.Tuberculosis, M.Leprae, or syphilis) - Infection by virus - Infection by a parasite - Autoimmune disease - Eye injury In some cases, the exact cause is unknown. If you have Uveitis, you may experience symptoms like - Sensitivity to light (Photophobia) - Blurred vision - Eye pain - Eye redness - Seeing Floaters (shapes that move across your field of vision) It is very serious and should be treated right away. Without treatment, it can lead to glaucoma, cataract, and vision loss.

Maternal love is one of the most profound emotions experienced by humans, and its strength is unparalleled. There are several reasons why maternal love is so intense and enduring. Firstly, nature has programmed mothers to love and care for their offspring from the moment of birth. This instinct is present in all animal species, and it ensures the survival of the species. Mothers are hardwired to protect, nurture, and provide for their children, which leads to a deep-rooted and enduring love. Secondly, the bond between a mother and her child is formed through physical and emotional attachment. During pregnancy, a mother’s body provides nourishment and protection to her growing fetus, and after childbirth, her body continues to nourish her child through breastfeeding. These physical connections foster emotional attachment, and as the child grows, the bond strengthens through shared experiences and interactions. Thirdly, the role of a mother in a child’s life is significant. Mothers are often the primary caregivers and play a fundamental role in shaping their child’s development. Research has shown that positive maternal interactions and caregiving during early childhood have a significant impact on the child’s emotional and cognitive development, creating a strong and lasting bond. Finally, maternal love is enduring because it is unconditional. A mother’s love is not based on the child’s achievements, appearance, or behavior. It is a selfless love that transcends all boundaries and endures through the ups and downs of life. Maternal love is a powerful force that is driven by nature and the physical and emotional connections formed between mother and child. It is a bond that is strengthened by a mother’s role in her child’s life, and it is enduring because it is unconditional. How strong is mothers love? A mother’s love is one of the strongest emotions in the world. It’s an unconditional love that transcends all boundaries, and the bond between a mother and her child is one that is unbreakable. There is no love quite like a mother’s love; it is selfless, giving, and nurturing. A mother’s love is evident right from the moment of conception. The physical and emotional changes a mother goes through during pregnancy are a testament to the love she has for her child. As the baby grows in her womb, she begins to feel a bond growing stronger every day. The love a mother has for her child continues to grow as the baby grows. The first time a mother holds her newborn child, a rush of emotions fills their heart. The love that she feels is often indescribable. She will do anything to keep her child safe, healthy and happy. Even when her baby cries throughout the night, she will still wake up to attend to their needs, without any hesitation. A mother’s love is unwavering, and she will always be there for her child. She will put her child’s needs before her own and make sacrifices without hesitation. She may not always agree with her child’s decisions, but her love will never diminish. A mother’s love can withstand anything. It will survive arguments, disagreements, and even distance. A mother’s love can cross any boundary, whether physical or emotional. A mother’s love is one of the strongest forces in the world. It is a love that is unconditional, unwavering, and always present. From the moment of conception, she will love and protect her child, and this love will continue to grow as the child grows. A mother’s love is a bond that cannot be broken, and it will always be one of the most powerful and enduring emotions in the world. Is a mother’s last true love? The question of whether a mother is a person’s last true love is subjective and can be interpreted in many ways. In one sense, a mother is often the first person a child forms a bond with and the person who nurtures and cares for them throughout their childhood. This bond can be incredibly strong and can last a lifetime. However, whether this bond constitutes a person’s last true love depends on individual circumstances. For some people, their relationship with their mother may continue to be the most important relationship in their lives. They may rely on their mother for emotional support, advice, and guidance throughout their adult years, and continue to feel a deep love and sense of loyalty towards her. In this sense, a mother can be considered a person’s last true love. On the other hand, for some people, their relationship with their mother may be complicated or strained. They may have grown apart over the years, or there may be unresolved issues between them that prevent a strong emotional bond from forming. In this case, a person’s last true love may come from an entirely different source, such as a romantic partner, close friend, or even a pet. The question of whether a mother is a person’s last true love is a deeply personal one that depends on the individual’s experiences and relationships. While a mother’s love can be incredibly powerful and enduring, it is not the only source of love or support that a person can have in their life. What does mothers love feel like? That said, the sense of a mother’s love is often described as warm, nurturing, protective, unconditional, and always present. It is a bond that begins to form when an infant is still in the womb, and it only grows stronger as the child ages. A mother’s love is steadfast, and it is an unwavering support system that is always there, regardless of the circumstances. Mothers are there to celebrate your successes and support you through your failures. They provide comfort and solace when you’re feeling low, and their hugs can make everything feel okay when nothing else seems to be going right. Mothers are the pillars of strength that hold their families together, and they embody the very definition of unconditional love. A mother’s love is often characterized by her selfless nature, as she puts her children’s needs above her own. It’s the feeling of waking up on a school day, and seeing your mother has made your favorite breakfast, only to realize she woke up a few hours before you did, just to prepare it. It’s the feeling of having her wipe away your tears when you’re hurt, only to know that her heart is aching too. It’s the feeling of her staying up all night to finish a project with you, even though she has to wake up early the next day for work. A mother’s love is a unique form of devotion that cannot be compared to anything else. It is an unconditional bond that is forged between a mother and her child, and it’s a feeling that can only be truly understood by those who have experienced it. It is an enduring connection that lasts a lifetime, and even after the mother is no longer with us, her love continues to guide and influence us in every aspect of our lives. Is mothers love an instinct? The question of whether a mother’s love is an instinct is a complex one, and opinions differ among experts in various fields, including psychology, biology, and anthropology. On the one hand, some argue that there is evidence to suggest that maternal love is indeed an instinctual behavior. In many species, including humans, mothers display a strong natural drive to care for and protect their young. This behavior is thought to be driven by a combination of biological and psychological factors, such as the release of hormones and neurotransmitters that promote bonding and attachment. Furthermore, studies have shown that mothers who are separated from their infants can experience profound emotional distress and even physical symptoms, such as weight loss and sleep disturbances. These reactions are thought to be a result of the strong, instinctual urge to maintain close contact with one’s offspring, which is common across many species of mammals. On the other hand, some experts argue that the concept of maternal love as an instinct is overly simplistic and fails to account for the myriad of cultural, social, and environmental factors that shape the way that mothers behave towards their children. For example, parenting practices and attitudes vary widely across different cultures and time periods, suggesting that maternal behavior is heavily influenced by a range of external factors. Furthermore, the fact that mothers often form strong bonds with their adoptive or stepchildren suggests that the instinctual drive to care for and protect one’s own biological offspring is not the only factor at play. While there is some evidence to suggest that maternal love may be an instinctual behavior, it is likely that a range of other factors, such as cultural norms, social expectations, and personal experiences, also play a significant role. the complex and multifaceted nature of motherly love defies easy categorization and underscores the importance of considering the many factors that shape human behavior. Why are mothers more attached to their children? Mothers are generally more attached to their children for various reasons, both biological and social. Firstly, mothers carry the child in their womb for nine months and go through the physical pain and emotional stress of childbirth. This creates a strong bond between the mother and the child right from the beginning. The child is completely dependent on the mother for nourishment, comfort, and protection during the early years, which strengthens the bond even further. Furthermore, mothers typically spend more time with their children compared to fathers. In most families, mothers are the primary caregivers and take care of the child’s daily needs, such as feeding, bathing, and dressing. This leads to more one-on-one time between the mother and child, which reinforces the emotional connection. From a sociological perspective, mothers are often expected to be more nurturing and emotionally expressive compared to fathers. Therefore, mothers are more likely to provide emotional support and be there for their children during times of need. Also, mothers tend to be more involved in their child’s education and social life, which contributes to a deeper attachment. Additionally, research has shown that hormonal changes during pregnancy and childbirth can cause a surge in the hormone oxytocin, which is responsible for forming and strengthening social bonds. The hormone is often referred to as the “love hormone” and facilitates the formation of a stronger bond between the mother and the child. Overall, several factors such as biological, social, and emotional contribute to the strong attachment between mothers and their children. While fathers can also form strong bonds with their children, the unique and intense experiences of motherhood tend to result in a special attachment between mothers and their children. What is the special bond between mother and child? The bond between a mother and her child is one of the most unique, profound and powerful relationships known to humanity. It is an unquestionable and unbreakable bond that begins during pregnancy and lasts a lifetime. It is said that the connection between a mother and her child begins at the moment of conception when the mother’s body begins to care for and nourish the embryo. This bond is then strengthened over time through birth, breastfeeding, nurturing, and care. There is a deep sense of love, understanding, and an unspoken bond that develops between a mother and her child that is hard to explain. It is a relationship that transcends language barriers and cultural differences. The bond between a mother and child is a result of the mother’s unconditional love, reassurance, affection, and guidance, which the child receives right from birth. The child feels safe, loved and secure in their mother’s arms. This connection makes the child feel valued, accepted, and provides a sense of belonging, which is essential for their social and emotional well-being. The unique bond is formed during pregnancy as the mother’s body goes through significant changes to prepare her for her new role. Hormones like oxytocin increase, which makes her more nurturing and affectionate towards her child. Also, the bond deepens after childbirth when the mother begins to breastfeed her baby, which allows for skin to skin contact and nurtures the child both physically and emotionally. The bond between mother and child is vital for the child’s development in later years. This bond provides a secure attachment to the child, enhancing their emotional well-being, cognitive development, and socialization. Being loved and nurtured unconditionally encourages a child to develop healthy self-esteem, self-confidence, and resilience. This bond helps children to form meaningful relationships with people and thrive in all aspects of their life. The special bond between mother and child is unique, irreplaceable, and incomparable. It is a deep and profound connection that forms from conception, continues through all stages of development and lasts a lifetime. This bond is essential and provides a foundation for a child’s physical, emotional, and social well-being. It is a source of strength, love, and reassurance that every child needs to develop into a healthy, confident and resilient adult. Does attachment occur more with mothers? The concept of attachment has been studied by psychologists for decades, and it is generally agreed upon that attachment is one of the most fundamental aspects of human development. There are different types of attachment that can occur between a child and primary caregiver, including attachment to mothers, fathers, and other significant figures. Historically, research has focused mainly on maternal attachment, as mothers are traditionally viewed as the primary caregiver in many cultures. However, recent studies have shown that fathers can develop strong attachments with their children as well, and that attachment can occur with any primary caregiver who provides consistent care and affection. Attachment theory suggests that children develop a secure attachment when they feel that their caregiver is reliable and responsive to their needs. This can happen with either parent or even with grandparents, aunts, uncles, or any other consistent caregiver. Research has shown that the quality of the attachment relationship is more important than the gender of the caregiver. For example, a child who has a secure attachment with his or her father will benefit just as much as a child with a secure attachment with his or her mother. In fact, having multiple attachments can be beneficial for a child’s development, as it can provide a greater sense of security and support. It is also important to note that not all children will develop the same type of attachment to their primary caregiver. Some may develop a secure attachment, while others may develop an insecure attachment. Insecure attachments can be further categorized into different subtypes, such as avoidant attachment or ambivalent attachment. Attachment can occur with any primary caregiver who provides consistent care and affection, regardless of their gender. While mothers have traditionally been viewed as the primary caregiver, fathers and other significant figures can also develop strong attachments with their children. The quality of the attachment relationship is more important than the gender of the caregiver, and having multiple attachments can be beneficial for a child’s development. What is the value of mothers love? The value of a mother’s love is immeasurable, yet it holds tremendous importance in the lives of her children. A mother’s love is unconditional and selfless, and it provides a nurturing environment where a child can grow and develop into a healthy, well-adjusted individual. A mother’s love gives her child a sense of security, while also teaching them important values such as kindness, compassion, and empathy. A mother’s love is also instrumental in shaping a child’s future. Studies have shown that children who receive a mother’s love and affection are more likely to develop a positive self-image and higher self-esteem. This, in turn, leads to healthier relationships with others, better academic performance, and a happier and more fulfilling life overall. For many individuals, a mother’s love can also serve as a source of strength during challenging times. A mother’s support and guidance can help her child navigate difficult situations and make sense of the world around them. Additionally, a mother’s love can also serve as a beacon of hope and encouragement during times of struggle, providing her child with the motivation to persevere through life’s challenges. In the end, the value of a mother’s love cannot be overstated. It is the foundation upon which a child’s life is built, providing them with a sense of purpose, belonging, and happiness. A mother’s love is a precious gift that should be cherished and appreciated, and it has the power to transform the world, one child at a time. Why is mom the most important person? Firstly, moms are the ones who carry their offspring for nine months in their womb. During this period, mothers invest their time and health in ensuring that their fetus is well-nourished, protected, and healthy. They go through a lot of physical, emotional, and mental challenges to provide for their baby, which creates an emotional bond between the mother and the child. Secondly, moms serve as the primary caregivers and nurturers of their children after birth. They provide love, support, guidance, and protection to their children as they grow and learn new things. Mothers are always there to comfort their children when they are hurt or upset, provide them with food, clothes, and shelter, and ensure they receive proper education and moral values. Another significant role of moms is that they help shape the personality of their children. They teach them essential life skills such as empathy, compassion, patience, hard work, and dedication. Moreover, Moms also help instill values such as respect, honesty, and kindness that help their children become better citizens and leaders of tomorrow. Finally, mothers make many personal and professional sacrifices to ensure their children have a better life. They often prioritize the needs of their children over their own, and this selflessness and sacrifice are vital in building strong family bonds and a healthy society. Moms are essential figures in any family, and their involvement and contribution are crucial for the growth, development, and success of their children. While every individual holds a special place in one’s life, a mother’s love and care are unparalleled, and it is undeniable that they play an essential role in shaping individuals and the society they live in.

The Stochastic Oscillator is a momentum indicator that shows the location of the closing price relative to the high-low range over a set number of periods. This oscillator works on the theory that during an uptrend will remain equal to or above the previous period closing price, and in a downtrend, prices will remain equal to or below the previous closing price. In a nutshell: - In an uptrend, the closing price tends to close near the high. - In a downtrend, the closing price tends to close near the low. If the closing price starts to slips away from the high or the low, then momentum is considered to be slowing. Stochastics are most effective in broad trading ranges or slow-moving trends. How Stochastic Works The indicator can range from 0 to 100. Two lines are graphed, the fast oscillating %K, and a moving average of %K, commonly referred to as %D. The Stochastic Oscillator measures the level of the close relative to the high-low range over a given period of time. Assume that the highest high equals 100, the lowest low equals 90, and the close equals 98. This means that the high-low range is 10 (100-90), which is the denominator in the %K formula. The close less the lowest low equals 8, which is the numerator. 8 divided by 10 equals .80 or 80%. Multiply this number by 100 to find %K. %K would equal 20 if the close was at 92 (.20 x 100). The Stochastic Oscillator is above 50 when the close is in the upper half of the range and below 50 when the close is in the lower half. Low readings (below 20) indicate that price is near its LOW for the given time period. High readings (above 80) indicate that price is near its HIGH for the given time period. How to Trade? The 80 and 20 are the most common levels used. In general, the area above 80 indicates an overbought region, while the area below 20 is considered an oversold region. - A sell signal is given when the oscillator is above 80 and then crosses back below 80. - A buy signal is given when the oscillator is below 20 and then crosses back above 20. A crossover signal occurs when the two lines cross in the overbought or oversold region. - A sell signal occurs when a decreasing %K line crosses below the %D line in the overbought region. - A buy signal occurs when an increasing %K line crosses above the %D line in the oversold region. - A bullish divergence forms when price makes a lower low, but the Stochastic Oscillator forms a higher low. This indicates less downward momentum signals a potential bullish reversal. - A bearish divergence forms when price makes a higher high, but the Stochastic Oscillator forms a lower high. This indicates less upward momentum and signals a potential bearish reversal. Three versions of the Stochastic Oscillator exist: Fast, Slow, and Full. Each version applies a different calculation to the value of the basic Stochastic Oscillator. If you liked this article, then please subscribe to our Newsletter Services for Forex Related updates. You can also find us on Facebook and can subscribe to our YouTube channel. You can also join our Telegram Channel for real-time trading analysis and discussion. Here is our service sitemap. If you have any confusion please leave your comments below.

The heart of a person beats quicker than the heart of an elephant, but it beats more slowly than the heart of a cat. In other words, whatever animal’s heart has been discovered to have the highest number of beats per minute. So, what animal has the fastest heartbeat? At 1500 beats per minute, the Etruscan pygmy shrew: The Etruscan pygmy shrew weighs just 1.8 grammes and is the world’s smallest non-flying mammal, according to the World Wildlife Fund. The shrew travels extraordinarily swiftly for its size, and this rapid movement necessitates the development of a high-performance metabolism. As a result, the tropical shrew holds the world record for pulse rate. Thailand’s bumblebee bat holds the world record for being the world’s smallest mammal overall, although its heart rate is much slower than that of humans. 1260 beats/minute for the blue throated hummingbird Although the Mexican hummingbird is little and weighs just 6-10 grammes, it is similar to other species of the family in that it feeds on nectar that it suckers from flowers as it hovers in the air. The flying posture is particularly taxing on the cardiovascular system. At 1020 beats per minute, the Atlantic Canary is the fastest bird in the planet. It is believed that these birds have been maintained as captive birds since the 1400s. They are found in the wild on the islands of Madeira, the Azores, and the Canary Islands, among others. They grow to be 10-12cm in length in the wild, although breeding has resulted in smaller specimens that weigh as low as 4 grammes. Bumblebee bat 1000 beats/minute bumblebee bat According to some estimates, this bat, also known as Kitti’s hognosed bat, is the world’s smallest mammal, measuring just 3cm in length and weighing 2g. It is also the world’s smallest bat by weight. The endangered bat is so little that it might be mistaken for a bumblebee in its natural habitat in Mexico. The African pygmy mouse works at 780 beats/minute These mice are among the tiniest rodent species on the planet, with mature mice weighing less than 3g on the rare occasion that they are found. However, since they are so frail, they should not be touched or caressed. Small mice are popular pets because they live in groups and are easy to care for. So now that you know what animal has the fastest heartbeat. We hope you enjoy reading it!

Learning a new language can be an exciting and rewarding experience. It can open up new opportunities for travel, culture, and personal growth. However, it can also be challenging at times, especially when it comes to learning new vocabulary. One common question that people may have when learning French is how to say “fat pig” in the language. The French translation for “fat pig” is “gros cochon”. This phrase can be used to describe a pig that is overweight or a person who is unpleasant or unattractive. While it may not be the most pleasant phrase to learn, it is still important to understand the meaning and usage of common vocabulary in any language. How Do You Pronounce The French Word For “Fat Pig”? Learning to speak a foreign language requires more than just memorizing vocabulary words and grammar rules. Proper pronunciation is essential for effective communication, and the French language is no exception. If you’re looking to expand your French vocabulary with some colorful insults, you may be wondering how to pronounce the phrase “fat pig.” The French word for “fat pig” is “gros cochon,” which translates literally to “big pig.” To properly pronounce this phrase, it’s important to break it down into its individual sounds. Here is a phonetic breakdown of “gros cochon”: – “Gros” is pronounced as “groh” with a silent “s” at the end. The “o” sound is similar to the English word “go.” – “Cochon” is pronounced as “koh-shohn.” The “o” sound is similar to the English word “coat,” and the “ch” sound is similar to the “sh” sound in “shoe.” To improve your French pronunciation skills, here are some tips to keep in mind when practicing: – Listen to native speakers: One of the best ways to improve your pronunciation is to listen to how native French speakers pronounce words and phrases. You can find French-language media online or through language learning resources like Duolingo or Rosetta Stone. – Practice with a tutor or language partner: Working with a tutor or language partner can help you identify areas where you need to improve your pronunciation and provide feedback on your progress. – Use a pronunciation guide: There are many resources available online that provide phonetic transcriptions of French words and phrases. Use these guides to help you practice your pronunciation and identify any areas where you may be struggling. By taking the time to learn how to properly pronounce the French word for “fat pig,” you’ll not only expand your vocabulary but also improve your overall French language skills. Proper Grammatical Use Of The French Word For “Fat Pig” Proper grammar is essential when using any language, especially when it comes to using a word with negative connotations such as “fat pig.” In French, the word for fat pig is “gros cochon.” Placement Of “Gros Cochon” In Sentences In French, the adjective usually comes after the noun, so “gros cochon” would be used in this order. For example: - “Il a vu un gros cochon dans la ferme” (He saw a fat pig in the farm) - “Elle a mangé un gros cochon pour son dîner” (She ate a fat pig for her dinner) However, in some cases, the adjective can come before the noun for emphasis or poetic effect. For example: - “Un cochon gros et sale” (A fat and dirty pig) - “Une nuit sombre et froide” (A dark and cold night) Verb Conjugations Or Tenses When using “gros cochon” in a sentence with a verb, the verb must be conjugated to match the subject. For example: - “Je nourris le gros cochon tous les jours” (I feed the fat pig every day) - “Tu as vu le gros cochon hier?” (Did you see the fat pig yesterday?) - “Il va tuer le gros cochon demain” (He is going to kill the fat pig tomorrow) Agreement With Gender And Number In French, adjectives must agree in gender and number with the noun they modify. “Gros cochon” is masculine and singular, so any adjective used with it must also be masculine and singular. For example: - “Un gros cochon sale” (A dirty fat pig) - “Le gros cochon noir” (The black fat pig) If the noun is feminine or plural, the adjective must be feminine or plural as well. For example: - “Une grosse truie” (A fat sow) - “Les gros cochons” (The fat pigs) As with any language, there are some exceptions to the rules. One common exception is when using “gros cochon” as a slang insult. In this case, the adjective can come before the noun for emphasis. For example: - “Ce gros cochon ne me laisse pas tranquille” (This fat pig won’t leave me alone) It is important to note, however, that using insults in any language can be disrespectful and hurtful to others. Examples Of Phrases Using The French Word For “Fat Pig” Learning a new language can be both exciting and challenging. One of the most interesting parts of learning a new language is discovering new words and phrases that can be used in everyday conversation. In French, the word for “fat pig” is “gros cochon”. Here are some examples of common phrases that include this word: Examples Of Phrases: - “Il est un gros cochon” – This phrase translates to “He is a fat pig” and can be used to describe someone who is overweight or behaves in a gluttonous manner. - “Tu manges comme un gros cochon” – This phrase translates to “You eat like a fat pig” and can be used to tease someone who is eating messily or excessively. - “C’est dégoûtant, tu es un vrai gros cochon” – This phrase translates to “That’s disgusting, you’re a real fat pig” and can be used to express disgust at someone’s behavior or personal hygiene habits. These phrases can be used in a variety of situations, from teasing a friend who is eating messily to expressing disgust at someone’s behavior. Here are some example dialogues using the French word for “fat pig”: |“Je suis tellement fatigué. J’ai mangé comme un gros cochon hier soir.” |“I’m so tired. I ate like a fat pig last night.” |“Regardez-le manger, quel gros cochon!” |“Look at him eat, what a fat pig!” |“Je ne peux pas croire qu’il ait mangé tout ça. Il est vraiment un gros cochon.” |“I can’t believe he ate all that. He’s really a fat pig.” Using these phrases in context can help you improve your French language skills and better understand the nuances of the language. Whether you’re teasing a friend or expressing disgust at someone’s behavior, these phrases can come in handy in a variety of situations. More Contextual Uses Of The French Word For “Fat Pig” When it comes to learning a new language, it’s not just about memorizing vocabulary and grammar rules. It’s also important to understand the context in which certain words and phrases are used. In the case of the French word for “fat pig,” there are varying contexts that can affect its usage. In formal settings, using the word “fat pig” in any language would likely be considered rude or inappropriate. In French, there are more polite ways to describe someone who is overweight. For example, the phrase “en surpoids” (literally “in excess weight”) is a more neutral term that can be used in a formal context. Informally, the French word for “fat pig” is “gros cochon.” This term is considered vulgar and should be used with caution, as it can be offensive to some people. It’s important to be aware of the context in which you’re using this term and to avoid using it in situations where it could cause offense. Besides formal and informal usage, there are other contexts in which the French word for “fat pig” might come up. For example, there are certain idiomatic expressions that use the term “cochon” (pig) in a figurative sense. One such expression is “être un cochon” (to be a pig), which means to be messy or unclean. There are also cultural and historical uses of the term “cochon” in French. For example, in the region of Gascony, which is known for its pork-based cuisine, the term “cochon” is often used in a positive way to describe the region’s culinary traditions. Popular Cultural Usage While the French word for “fat pig” might not be a commonly used term in everyday conversation, it does come up in certain cultural contexts. For example, the French comic book character Obélix is known for his love of wild boar and is often depicted eating large quantities of meat. In this context, the term “gros cochon” might be used humorously to describe Obélix’s appetite. |Avoid using “fat pig” in formal settings; use more neutral terms like “en surpoids” instead. |“Gros cochon” is a vulgar term that should be used with caution. |“Cochon” is used in figurative expressions like “être un cochon.” |“Cochon” is used positively in the context of Gascony’s pork-based cuisine. |The term might come up humorously in certain cultural contexts, such as the character Obélix’s love of wild boar. Regional Variations Of The French Word For “Fat Pig” French is a beautiful language with a rich history, and as with any language, it has its own regional variations. The French word for “fat pig” is no exception, and depending on the region, there may be different words used to describe this concept. While the word “gros cochon” is widely used in France to describe a fat pig, other French-speaking countries may have different terms for the same concept. For example, in Canada, the word “cochon gras” may be used instead. In Switzerland, the word “porc gras” is commonly used. It’s important to note that while these words may vary from region to region, the meaning remains the same. Regardless of the word used, it is still a term used to describe a pig that is overweight or obese. As with any language, pronunciation can vary depending on the region. While the spelling of the word may be the same, the way it is pronounced can differ. For example, in France, the word “gros cochon” is pronounced with a soft “ch” sound, while in Canada, the word “cochon gras” may be pronounced with a harder “ch” sound. It’s important to understand these regional variations in order to fully grasp the nuances of the French language. Being aware of these differences can help one better understand and communicate with French speakers from different regions. Other Uses Of The French Word For “Fat Pig” In Speaking & Writing While the French word for “fat pig,” “gros cochon,” may seem like a derogatory term, it actually has other uses in speaking and writing. Depending on the context, the word can have different meanings and connotations. Distinguishing Between Uses It’s important to understand the different ways “gros cochon” can be used in order to avoid misunderstandings or offense. 1. Literal Meaning The most obvious use of “gros cochon” is to describe an actual overweight pig. This is the literal meaning of the term and is not typically considered offensive. 2. Figurative Meaning “Gros cochon” can also be used figuratively to describe a person who is lazy, messy, or gluttonous. In this context, the term may be seen as insulting or derogatory. For example, if someone says “Il est un gros cochon” about a person, it means that the person is lazy or messy. 3. Term Of Endearment Believe it or not, “gros cochon” can also be used as a term of endearment between close friends or partners. In this context, it’s meant as a playful or affectionate nickname. For example, a couple might call each other “mon gros cochon” as a term of endearment. Understanding the different uses of “gros cochon” is important for effective communication in French-speaking contexts. By being aware of the various connotations, you can avoid misunderstandings and use the term appropriately. Common Words And Phrases Similar To The French Word For “Fat Pig” When it comes to insulting someone by calling them a “fat pig” in French, there are various words and phrases that can be used to convey a similar meaning. Here are some of the most common ones: 1. Gros Cochon “Gros cochon” is the most direct translation of “fat pig” in French. It is a derogatory way of referring to someone who is overweight and has a lack of self-control in terms of eating. The word “gros” means “big” or “fat,” while “cochon” means “pig.” This insult is often used in a playful or teasing manner among friends, but it can also be used in a more serious or insulting way. “Porc” is another word for “pig” in French. It is often used to describe someone who is greedy or has bad manners, especially when it comes to eating. Unlike “gros cochon,” which specifically refers to someone who is overweight, “porc” can be used to describe anyone who exhibits pig-like behavior. “Goinfre” is a French word that means “glutton” or “greedy person.” It is often used to describe someone who eats excessively or has a lack of self-control when it comes to food. While it is not a direct translation of “fat pig,” it can be used in a similar context. “Bouffe-tout” is a French word that means “eats everything.” It is often used to describe someone who has a voracious appetite and eats anything and everything in sight. While it is not a direct translation of “fat pig,” it can be used to describe someone who exhibits pig-like behavior when it comes to eating. While there are many words and phrases that can be used to insult someone by calling them a “fat pig” in French, there are also antonyms that can be used to describe someone who is the opposite of a “fat pig.” Here are some examples: - Maigre – Thin - Athlétique – Athletic - Mince – Slim - Svelte – Svelte Mistakes To Avoid When Using The French Word For “Fat Pig” When it comes to learning a new language, it’s common to make mistakes. However, some mistakes can be more embarrassing than others. One such mistake is using the French word for “fat pig” incorrectly. As a non-native French speaker, it’s important to be aware of the common mistakes made when using this word. In this section, we will highlight these mistakes and provide tips to avoid them. One of the most common mistakes made when using the French word for “fat pig” is using it to describe a person. In French, the word “gros” means “fat,” and “cochon” means “pig.” However, when these two words are combined to form “gros cochon,” it is used to describe a person who is lazy or messy, rather than someone who is physically overweight. Another mistake is using the word “gros” on its own to describe a person. While it does mean “fat,” it is considered impolite to use this word to describe someone’s physical appearance. Instead, it’s better to use words like “en surpoids” (overweight) or “fort” (big). Finally, it’s important to be aware of the context in which the word “cochon” is used. While it can be used to describe a literal pig, it is also used in many idiomatic expressions. For example, “être cochon” means to be messy or disorganized, and “faire le cochon” means to act like a pig or behave badly. Tips To Avoid Mistakes To avoid making these common mistakes, it’s important to practice using the word “gros cochon” in the correct context. This means using it to describe a person who is lazy or messy, rather than someone who is physically overweight. It’s also important to avoid using the word “gros” on its own to describe someone’s physical appearance. In addition, it’s a good idea to familiarize yourself with the different idiomatic expressions that use the word “cochon.” This will help you understand the context in which the word is used and avoid any potential misunderstandings. (DO NOT INCLUDE A CONCLUSION OR EVEN MENTION A CONCLUSION. JUST END IT AFTER THE SECTION ABOVE IS WRITTEN.) In conclusion, we have explored the French language and its colorful expressions. We have answered the question of how to say “fat pig” in French, and discovered that the term “gros porc” is the most commonly used expression. We also looked at the cultural context of using such language, and the importance of being mindful of our words when engaging with others. Learning a new language is not only about acquiring new vocabulary, but also about understanding the nuances of a different culture. By learning the French word for “fat pig,” we have gained a deeper insight into the French language and its people. As with any language, practice is key to mastering it. So, we encourage you to use the French expression “gros porc” in real-life conversations with native speakers. This will not only help you improve your language skills, but also broaden your cultural horizons.

A brief biographical sketch compliments of:WWW.museum.antwerpen.be The Hugo Verriest legacy . Hugo Verriest was a strong advocate of the use of Dutch. He devoted himself to the revival of the Flemish cultural awareness, which brought him in conflict with the Francophile clergy. He also had an enormously stimulating influence on his environment. As a catholic priest / school teacher, initially in Bruges and later in Roeselare and Ieper, he instilled in his students (including the talented Albrecht Rodenbach) a love for literature and for their own language. He also encouraged them to become active in literature themselves. His creation of a favourable climate for the development of literature was a determining factor in the flourishing literary movement in West Flanders during the second half of the 19th century. Verriest's encouragement was not limited, however, to the budding talents of his students and other young people around him. Being himself a former student of Guido Gezelle (1830-1899), throughout his life he nourished great admiration for this unique poet. Verriest was one of those who encouraged Gezelle to start writing poems again after a long period of silence, which resulted in Gezelle attaining the pinnacle of his career after 1880. It is also thanks to Verriest that Gezelle became an important name in Holland. Stijn Streuvels (1871-1969), a nephew of Gezelle's, could also count on the supportive enthusiasm of Verriest.

Supporting meaningful conversations In an article in Inside Higher Education, Derisa Grant argues that faculty badly need more practice incorporating discussions of race, gender and other identity-related issues into our courses. Conversations related to topics related to diversity, identities, inequities, or current events can be challenging to navigate, potentially leading to heated discussions, but labeling them as "difficult" suggests that they are troublesome or tangential. We need to be prepared to support and facilitate such discussions in both online and in-person contexts. They can help students develop important skills, in meaningful discourse, evidence-based critical thinking, perspective taking, and listening. And as these scholars argue in this Inside Higher Ed piece, surfacing such issues in your course, no matter what your discipline, in one way in which non-Black faculty members can help dismantle educational inequities. Below, we provide suggestions about how instructors create a positive climate for class discourse about topics that may spark hot moments, whether in a live interaction OR asynchronous discussion forum (e.g., discussion board, chat channel, email, or VoiceThread). At the bottom of this page, we also share some special considerations for online discussion forums. Set the stage for such discussions by developing guidelines for class participation and meaningful discourse. Guidelines for real-time online interactions may look a lot like those for in-person interactions. Discussion forums and other types of asynchronous interactions call for specific "netiquette" guideliness. Here are two examples of netiquette guidelines for online instruction. - Example from a graduate course (Doug Ward, CTE/Journalism) - Example from an undergraduate course (Carolyn Huffman, Undergraduate Biology) Build rapport and community in your class In courses relying heavily on online instruction, you can do this by increasing instructor presence and supporting peer-to-peer interaction. Prepare for discussions of topics that may grow intense Frame the conversation by identifying a clear purpose, objectives, and discussion prompts. Set the tone by stressing the importance of respecting others’ perspectives, avoiding generalizations, not asking others to ‘represent’ a group you perceive them to belong to. Consider which students are most vulnerable Individuals whose identities are marginalized and/or underrepresented on campus may feel afraid, unwelcome, or fatigued. Be sensitive to the ways these feelings can affect students’ abilities to engage in class. Be prepared to intervene if negative discourse arises. Help students feel supported by acknowledging the conflict and creating opportunities for reflection and empathy. Direct students to resources that can provide emotional support or help them respond to and cope with bigotry, hostility, and more Actively facilitate and scaffold the dialogue Ask students to try to understand other perspectives before reacting (by asking questions or restating the other view before offering their own). Be an active facilitator, whether the discussion is in real-time or asynchonously: reword questions, correct misinformation, or reference relevant course material. Recognize and interrupt microaggressions Make sure you understand how your discipline and course themes relate to the controversy, and to productive, informed discourse more generally. - In times of crisis, identify issues that resonate with your course themes, be prepared to give them special attention. - Address diverse perspectives on the issues within your field and model for your students how to weigh issues and evidence and make informed decisions - Consider how your own background and cultural influences might affect your teaching of these issues. Does the material provide an accurate representation of various perspectives? These ideas and more are summarized in this Handout on Navigating Difficult Discussions. Apologize effectively if you offend someone or make a mistake - Don’t minimize (e.g., Don’t say, “It was just a joke” or “Why do you have to be so sensitive?”) - Don’t put conditions on the apology (e.g., “I’m sorry if you were offended,” or “I’m sorry but…”) - Acknowledge what went wrong and take responsibility for what you did: “I’m sorry that I offended you, I’m sorry I told a story that....” - Take steps to address the behavior: “I’m going to get better informed and make sure I do not do that again.” - Move on- don’t make this about you Considerations for online discussions An online learning environment comes with some specific advantages and pitfalls for necessary conversations. On the plus side, asynchronous discussions allow for more intentional interactions- students have time to think, reflect, or gather resources before responding. Students who find it uncomfortable or difficult to speak up in class (e.g., introverts, English language learners) may be empowered in online forums to participate and be heard. They allow themes to emerge and ripen over time, which is especially helpful if the issue involves a quickly evolving situation or current event. And, they give instructors additional time to reflect on how to respond and intervene when discussions grow intense or hurtful. Nonetheless, online forums may also embolden students to say things they would not say face-to-face. Hasty responses can be poorly phrased, emotional, shallow or surface in thought, and/or focused entirely upon themselves and their experiences. Fortunately, instructors have time in this environment to be more intentional in responding or intervening. And it is critically important that instructors DO respond when student discussion crosses guidelines for online community, as the web preserves the reminders of hurtful comments beyond the moment, which can negatively impact students who were the targets of those comments and the broader class community. See this page for examples of how KU faculty keep online discussions productive and inclusive.

Certain foods were made from sprouted grains several thousand years ago already, such as Essener Bread. Other cultures left legumes or quinoa to soak in water for a few days before consumption. The benefits of these practices, such as increased nutrient content, breakdown of antinutritive substances, and improved digestibility, were probably already recognized at the time without any background knowledge of nutritional science. Thanks to modern research, we now know that sprouting makes our food more nutritionally valuable. Various manufacturers in the USA have now reacted to this: from flour and bars to muesli, hummus, plant-based milk, pasta, pizzas and potato chips, a wide variety of products are also offered as "sprouted". Many suppliers are now entering the European market. Sprouting of grains and other raw materials is based on the idea of activating the germ metabolism in the grain. In this process, cereals, legumes, seeds or kernels are first soaked in water to start the germination process. After a short time, which can vary depending on the product the process is interrupted again and the seeds are gently dried. This process leads to improved and higher availability of nutrients and better digestibility. During the sprouting process, so-called antinutritive substances such as phytic acid, tannins and trypsin inhibitors are broken down. Without sprouting, phytic acid and tannins bind minerals such as zinc, iron, calcium, magnesium, proteins, starch and digestive enzymes. Enzyme inhibitors such as trypsin inhibitors prevent the breakdown of protein in non-germinated raw materials and thus their absorption. The breakdown of these nutrient-binding substances and enzyme inhibitors increases the availability and digestibility of nutrients. Finally, the sprouting process activates the metabolism of the seed. New active enzymes transform complex chemical compounds in the grain into more easily digestible compounds. One example is the breakdown of amylose and amylopectin into simple sugars. In addition, the number of various vitamins, antioxidants, omega-3 fatty acids and folic acid increases. Especially in a vegan lifestyle, where the basic diet is mostly based on whole grains and legumes, it can be useful to break down antinutritive substances, at least in part, through proper preparation. This allows more proteins and minerals to be absorbed. Kündig’s new products include germinated grains such as oats, spelt, pseudocereals such as buckwheat and quinoa, and legumes such as lentils and chickpeas. Seeds and kernels offered include pumpkin seeds and sesame seeds. Also offered are finished products made from sprouted ingredients such as strawberry granola, muesli mixes and pasta. All products made from sprouted ingredients by Kündig are grown and processed under controlled conditions in the EU. For more information about our products, visit kuendig.com/.

By Kinota Braithwaite, Anti-Racism and Anti-Bullying Youth Speaker Bullying is an unfortunate reality in many classrooms in Japan. My daughter experienced this firsthand at her elementary school in Japan, where she was targeted because of the color of her skin. The experience of my daughter who is Japanese and African Canadian motivated me to create a resource that could assist Japanese teachers in effectively addressing racist bullying in schools. The result of my efforts is a heartfelt book titled 'Mio The Beautiful,' with the central character being a kind and caring Japanese elementary school teacher named Momo Sensei." Momo Sensei's character serves as a role model, demonstrating how Japanese elementary school teachers can approach these difficult conversations about racism with empathy and understanding. "Mio The Beautiful" is more than a story; it's a powerful tool for change, helping us create a more inclusive and compassionate educational environment in Japan. Reviews from Japanese Teachers To understand the impact of "Momo Sensei" in "Mio The Beautiful," I reached out to Japanese teachers who have read the book or heard one of my talks. Here are some of their reviews: Let's Start a Dialogue: Principals and Teachers, I extend a heartfelt invitation to engage in open conversations. Together, let's address concerns, exchange ideas, and craft experiences that transcend. Let's embark on a journey to enrich minds and create a lasting positive impact on the lives of students. A Vision for a World Free of Racism and Bullying You're welcome to connect with me at www.learnwithkinota.com

Whether it happens to a child on a playground or an adult in the workplace, bullying is always harmful, always wrong, and never acceptable. Taunts, teasing, threats, or intimidation are all examples of abusive behavior that can constitute bullying. Sadly, more and more American workers are subjected to workplace bullying by superiors, colleagues, and others. A 2021 survey by the Workplace Bullying Institute found that 30% of American adults reported being bullied at work (including remote work), while an additional 19% observed bullying in their workplace. That translates into 76.3 million American workers directly impacted by workplace bullying. Many people are surprised to learn that as abhorrent as such conduct is, and no matter how much it warrants consequences for those who engage in bullying, it isn’t necessarily illegal. You won’t find any federal law that directly addresses or prohibits bullying. But when the target of workplace bullying is a member of a class protected by federal or state anti-discrimination laws, it can rise to the level of prohibited harassment and provide victims with legal rights and remedies, including the right to recover compensation. What Is the Definition of Workplace Bullying? As noted, there is no federal law against workplace “bullying,” which means there is also no legal definition of the term. But the WBI defines workplace bullying as: - Repeated, health-harming mistreatment of an employee by one or more co-workers. - Abusive conduct in the form of verbal abuse. - Behaviors perceived as threatening, humiliating, or intimidating. - Work sabotage. - A combination of the above behaviors. Historically, bullying was a face-to-face and verbal phenomenon, with hurtful comments, cruel jokes, or intimidating threats made directly to and in the victim’s presence. Today, however, bullying has moved online and into inboxes, chats, and other electronic spaces. Bullying in an abusive email, Slack message, or videoconference is just as harmful and wrong as it is in person. When Does Bullying Become Prohibited Harassment? While workplace bullying may not be illegal, per se, workplace harassment definitely can be. Harassment is considered a form of employment discrimination prohibited under several federal laws, such as Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA), and the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (ADEA). Most states also have laws that prohibit harassment in the workplace. Harassment is generally defined as “unwelcome conduct” towards a person based on their race, religion, color, sex (including sexual orientation, gender identity, or pregnancy), national origin, age (beginning at age 40), or disability. Anti-discrimination laws also prohibit harassment of workers in retaliation for reporting misconduct, or opposing employment practices they reasonably believe are discriminatory. Harassment becomes unlawful where: - Enduring the offensive behavior becomes a condition of continued employment. - The conduct is severe or pervasive enough to create a hostile work environment Bullying crosses the line into prohibited harassment when the target is a member of one of the above-mentioned protected classes, and the abusive conduct is based on that status. For example if a supervisor yells at and threatens women for minor mistakes but allows men a free pass for similar or worse conduct, this differential treatment could amount to unlawful gender-based harassment. If the bullying is so severe or pervasive as to make it difficult for the target to do their job, or if supervisors participate in or turn a blind eye to such misconduct, that can constitute a hostile work environment sufficient to support a discrimination claim under federal law. State Anti-Bullying Laws Most state anti-discrimination laws mirror federal law, though many provide more expansive protections and remedies. But no state laws currently make workplace bullying illegal or actionable outside the context of prohibited harassment. However, many states have adopted laws designed to reduce bullying behavior in the workplace. For example, California requires workplaces with 50 or more employees to conduct training and education regarding abusive workplace conduct as part of mandated harassment prevention training. Moreover, if the bullying behavior escalates to violence or threats of violence, there may be additional legal (both civil and criminal) protections available under federal and state law. It can be challenging for victims of workplace bullying to know how to respond to such misconduct– or whether to respond at all. Not wanting to rock the boat, antagonize a superior, or lose their jobs can prevent employees from taking appropriate actions to stand up for themselves. But if nothing is done, nothing will change. If you have suffered at the hands of a workplace bully, you should discuss your concerns and experiences with an experienced employment lawyer who can evaluate your situation, determine whether you have a viable discrimination claim, and advise you of your options.

If you have ever visited an emergency room, you might remember nurses screening you for a possible heart condition shortly after you walked through the doors. They even might have pulled you aside prior to admission to administer an electrocardiogram test. This test, which measures electrical signals in your heart, is a fast and pain-free way to detect many heart problems. According to reporting from NPR, many doctors do not perform ECG screenings when patients have a low risk for heart disease. Unfortunately, though, a delayed ECG test can put your health in jeopardy in a few different ways. Here are some of them. A heart attack, officially called myocardial infarction, happens when something blocks the flow of oxygenated blood to the heart. Luckily, when doctors identify heart attacks early, they are frequently treatable. Because an ECG can help doctors diagnose a heart attack, ordering the test promptly is often advisable when patients have specific symptoms. Abnormal heart beats For most individuals, a normal heart rate is between 60 and 100 beats per minute. If the heart beats faster or slower than this rate, a person’s overall health and even life may be at risk. As you might suspect, ECG screenings are some of the more effective ways to diagnose irregular heartbeats quickly. Cardiac arrest is a potentially life-threatening condition that occurs when the heart stops working. Because cardiac arrest interrupts electrical signals from the heart, an ECG test can alert doctors to the issue. The screening even might tell physicians whether a cardiac arrest is imminent. While doctors do not need to perform ECG screenings on every patient who enters the emergency department, delaying testing can lead to catastrophic consequences. Ultimately, if you have injuries that stem from a delayed or omitted ECG test, you might have grounds to pursue substantial financial compensation.

The Black Eyed Susan (aka: Rudbeckia hirta) is a lovely, daisy-like flower and a North America native. This hardy biennial and perennial makes an excellent choice in USDA hardiness zones 4-9a. These biennials grow enthusiastically in the wild, and blanket vast fields with dazzling bright golden yellow blooms. - Choose The Right Variety For Your Setting - How To Grow Black Eyed Susans From Seed? - How To Care For Black Eyed Susans - Diseases & Pests To Guard Against - What To Do With Black Eyed Susan At The End Of The Growing Season - How To Prune & Divide Black Eyed Susan - Uses & Benefits Of Black Eyed Susan - What Is It Used For Medicinally? - How To Prepare A Black Eyed Susan Tonic - The Other Black Eyed Susan Vine – Thunbergia Alata - Recommended Reading These native herbs make a gorgeous addition to any flower, herb or veggie garden, and these butterfly-attracting plants are very beneficial to bees and other pollinators. In a pollinator garden, Black Eyed Susans are a real hit. They provide nectar for bees and butterflies and establish the perfect conditions for moving pollen from plant to plant, thereby supporting life on earth. With lengthy bloom times, you, the bees and butterflies can enjoy Black Eyed Susans throughout the summer months and well into the fall. In this article, we will share some tips to help you establish beautiful, useful Black Eyed Susans in your yard and garden. We will also share some tips on making the best use of this hardy, health-giving wildflower plant. Read on to learn more. Choose The Right Variety For Your Setting How tall do Black Eyed Susans get? The average height for Rudbeckia hirta plants is about three feet, but it is possible for them to be smaller (i.e. one foot) or quite a bit larger. Again, this depends greatly upon location, care and the weather. It also depends upon the variety selected. Most people know the tall, bright yellow native version of the plant, known as Sonora. This typical variety sports deep black eyes and bright yellow blooms. However, you’ll find a smaller variety ideal for limited spaces. Toto is a dwarf variety that looks like the full-sized plant and better choice for container gardening. How To Grow Black Eyed Susans From Seed? It’s a good idea to wait until the soil reaches a temperature of 70 degrees Fahrenheit before sowing your seeds. Generally speaking, this would be between the months of March and May. Once planted, your seeds may begin to sprout in a week, but may take as long as a month. This depends upon your choice in sowing location, the care provided and weather conditions. It goes without saying that these sunflower family members desire full sun, but it is possible to grow them in partial shade. Plant seeds in moist, fertile, well-drained soil. Cover the seeds loosely, and keep them moist until they sprout and established themselves. How To Care For Black Eyed Susans As mentioned, keep seeds and seedlings well-watered until they become established. During the first growing season, take care that your new plants don’t dry out. Once established, a deep weekly watering will probably be sufficient for this drought-tolerant plant. Soaker hoses make the watering task an easy one. It’s a good idea to start plants out with a 12″-15″ space between them. Plants tend to spread and may become crowded within a couple of years. Divide plants every three years or so help plants and roots get good air circulation and enough nutrients. It is also smart to deadhead the flowers on Black-Eyed Susans throughout the blooming season. Removing spent blossoms on a regular, ongoing basis promotes more blooms and a longer blooming season. Diseases & Pests To Guard Against The practice of keeping plants well-divided, removing spent blossoms and leaves will provide better air circulation. This, in turn, helps prevent pests and fungal-type maladies to which Black Eyed Susans are prone. Here are the hazards you should watch out for: - Powdery Mildew fungal disease - Leaf Spots - Aphids –> Learn about homemade Aphid killing sprays - Soft-bodied snails and slugs If your plants do develop a mold problem, such as Rudbeckia leaf spot, take decisive action to remove all affected leaves and stems and dispose of them properly. Follow up by treating your plants with a good fungicidal spray. Keep in mind – all the above problems listed thrive in damp, crowded conditions. Keeping plants groomed helps avoid mold problems and pest infestation. On the upside, they are deer-resistant! Deer do not eat Black Eyed Susan. What To Do With Black Eyed Susan At The End Of The Growing Season If you are deadheading flowers, seeds will not be an issue. If you want seeds, let your last round of flowers go to seed in autumn. Then you can either collect the seed and save it in an envelope in a cool, dry place until the springtime, or you can simply allow it to fall to the earth naturally. Black Eyed Susan seeds are edible for birds, and leaving them on the plants provides a good source of food for your avian friends in the fall. To keep your Black Eyed Susan where they are, simply allow them to reseed. If you want to “move” your flowerbed or add another one, collect seed for planting next season. Other Rudbeckias You May Like: How To Prune & Divide Black Eyed Susan Once plants begin to wither, cut them back dramatically in preparation for winter. Leave only an inch or two of stem. This will help the plants and roots conserve energy, which enables them to survive the long winter months ahead. You may also want to divide and thin them at this time. Because they are so hardy and spread so easily, care must be taken when growing them in a garden setting. They are just as enthusiastic when domesticated as when wild, and they can take over your garden. When you do divide them, don’t throw away the roots you don’t replant. You can use the roots to create an herbal tonic to build up your immune system and help you survive the long winter months ahead! Uses & Benefits Of Black Eyed Susan In addition to being beautiful and beneficial for pollinators and birds, this sunny flower is also a native herb. The roots and leaves find uses as food, in creating teas and to make natural medicines. It may not surprise you to know that these flowers are actually a type of sunflower. At about 3 feet high, they are smaller than the average sunflower, and they do not produce edible seeds as a sunflower does. In fact, the seeds are poisonous to humans (but not birds) so do not consume them. Related to the coneflower (which provides excellent immune system support), it’s sometimes even called by that name. You may also hear it referred to as: - Yellow Ox Eye Daisy - Brown Eyed Susan - Hairy Coneflower - Golden Jerusalem - Poorland Daisy - Gloriosa Daisy flower - Yellow Daisy - Brown Betty What Is It Used For Medicinally? Native Americans traditionally used the plant as a medicinal herb with a wide variety of applications. The use of the plant root and leave infusions made: - A medicine to rid the body of parasites - Poultice for wounds or snakebite - Wound wash The modern world dismisses many native and traditional practices. Current studies show that the Black Eyed Susan is more effective as an immune system booster than Echinacea. Modern herbalists often create teas or infusions of Black Eyed Susan roots to help ward off the common cold. In addition to its immune boosting properties, both Native Americans and modern herbalists use the herb successfully in the following applications: - To relieve symptoms of earache - As an anti-inflammatory wash - To treat cuts and scrapes - To treat dropsy - As a diuretic Using natural preparations made with the Rudbeckia hirta plant is safe and soothing. With properly prepared natural healing concoctions, no negative side effects have been associated with the use of Black Eyed Susan. [source] Always consult a medical professional before taking any type of medication! How To Prepare A Black Eyed Susan Tonic To make a pleasant tea using the dried roots, clean them thoroughly. Dry them in the open air, in your oven on a low temperature or using a food dehydrator. To use, coarsely grind the dried root in your blender or in a coffee or spice grinder then follow these steps: - Measure five teaspoons of the ground, dried root into an 8 ounce measuring cup. - Add rapidly boiling water. - Cover and steep for about ten minutes. - Pour the liquid through a strainer into a cup Drink the tea once a week as an immune booster. If you feel yourself coming down with a cold, drink a cup right away and have 2 cups a day until you are feeling better. The Other Black Eyed Susan Vine – Thunbergia Alata Also called the “Black Eyed Susan” – Thunbergia Alata aka Black Eyed Susan Vine is an attractive annual vine along with some of the new varieties. In the videos below you will learn to grow and care for this wonderful vining plant, along with how to collect seed. Grown as a climbing flowering vine or in hanging baskets, they bloom all summer and make great specimens. Here you’ll see some grown on a trellis as well as baskets. mrBrownThumb shows how to collect Black Eyed Susan seed It’s easy to see the many good reasons to add Black-Eyed Susan to your yard, garden, landscaping plan and tea cabinet. When you do, you provide yourself a feast for the eyes, and the local birds, bees and butterflies will enjoy a literal feast. Being able to create home remedies with this native herb provides even more incentive to bring this enthusiastic grower home.

Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis and Stanford University have identified a biomarker in newborns that may signal autism spectrum disorder months or even years before troubling symptoms develop and such diagnoses typically are made. The researchers found that babies diagnosed with autism later in childhood had in their cerebrospinal fluid, as infants, very low levels of a neuropeptide associated with the disorder. Experts believe the earlier a child is diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder, the sooner interventions can be started to help curb the negative effects of the disorder, such as social and communication challenges. However, autism is not easily identified before symptoms appear because there are no blood or genetic tests that can flag the condition. “Autism currently is diagnosed behaviorally, mainly in children ages 2 to 4 years old, but these new findings suggest we might be able to better predict which newborns will go on to develop the disorder as children,” said co-senior investigator John N. Constantino, MD, director of the Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry at Washington University. “This neuropeptide biomarker long predates clinical symptoms, and if confirmed, it could allow us to begin interventions much earlier in children who will go on to develop problems, further opening the possibility of pharmaceutical strategies to increase neuropeptide levels and, potentially, to prevent some problems associated with autism.” The new study is published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. For this study, the researchers examined cerebrospinal fluid samples collected from a large cohort of feverish newborns cared for at St. Louis Children’s Hospital two decades ago. The scientists determined that babies whose samples had very low levels of the neuropeptide were significantly more likely to be diagnosed with autism later in childhood. Neuropeptides are short chains of amino acids. Levels of the neuropeptide identified in the study — arginine vasopressin — already are suspected to be lower in children with autism. Constantino, the Blanche F. Ittleson Professor of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, said that variations in arginine vasopressin and oxytocin, another hormone, have been associated with an autism spectrum disorder, but this study offers the first evidence that levels of one of the hormones are abnormal so early in life. Measuring the neuropeptide may provide an indicator of which children are at the highest risk of developing autism, he said. The study involved 913 newborns with fevers whose cerebrospinal fluid was examined for markers of meningitis but who were found to be negative. The leftover spinal fluid was saved and stored. Included in those samples was cerebrospinal fluid from nine children who went on to be diagnosed with autism. The researchers compared those nine samples to samples from 17 age- and gender-matched children who were never later diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder. The nine children diagnosed later in childhood had significantly lower levels of arginine vasopressin when they were infants than the 17 who did not go on to be diagnosed with the disorder. “This new biological clue from a rare and unprecedented collection of newborn human spinal fluid samples needs to be pursued in larger numbers of children,” said the study’s other co-senior investigator, Karen J. Parker, associate professor and associate chair of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Stanford. “Given the alignment of these findings with studies in older children and in nonhuman primates, we want to understand why this neuropeptide might have such a marked, predictive association with the development of autism spectrum disorder because it appears to be extremely predictive of future risk.” Parker and Constantino are planning a larger study to collect cerebrospinal fluid from newborns and measure levels of their neuropeptides to see whether the findings from this smaller study can be replicated. Measuring these biomarkers, while tracking a baby’s eye movements, motor impairment, hyperactivity syndromes and other risk factors for autism, could give doctors a clearer picture of which children are at the highest risk to go on to develop autism and allow interventions much earlier in life. Meanwhile, in a separate study, Constantino also has found that a feared indicator of autism risk to babies has been overestimated. A number of families and genetic studies over the past decade have generated a theory that the pronounced 3:1 male-to-female sex ratio in autism is due to a “female protective effect.” In other words, females may be relatively protected from autism compared with males, even though both males and females have a similar genetic susceptibility. The theory has generated widespread concern that the unaffected sisters of individuals with autism may have a high likelihood of transmitting genetic risk for autism to their sons. Together with researchers from the Karolinska Institute in Sweden, the Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai in New York and the Chinese University in Hong Kong, Constantino analyzed data from a large, two-generation population registry in Sweden to provide the first-reported estimates of risk among the offspring of adults who are siblings of a person with autism. The researchers found that the children of sisters of individuals with autism are not significantly more likely to be affected by the disorder than the children of brothers of individuals with autism. The risk for both is 2% to 3%, or about 10 times lower than had been feared for sisters. The Swedish study, published online April 2 in the journal Biological Psychiatry, involved nearly 850,000 children born from 2003 through 2012. “The findings suggest that the autism sex ratio is more a function of males being more sensitive to genetic susceptibility factors for autism, rather than females being protected,” Constantino said. “That has important implications for the design of studies that look for the factors that result in the disproportionate risk for autism and related developmental disorders in boys.”

Scientists have found that consuming milk with breakfast cereal reduces postprandial blood glucose level, compared to water while high-protein milk is more effective compared to other dairy products in reducing blood glucose levels. The research was carried out by scientists from the Human Nutraceutical Research Unit at the University of Guelph, in collaboration with the University of Toronto. With rising numbers of prevalence of type-2 diabetes, these results help people better manage their health. The team examined the effects of increasing protein concentration and increasing the proportion of whey protein in milk consumed with a high-carbohydrate breakfast cereal on blood glucose, feelings of satiety, and food consumption later in the day. Digestion of the whey and casein proteins naturally present in milk releases gastric hormones that slow digestion, increasing feelings of fullness.

More than 35,000 cases of tick-related illnesses were reported in 2009, making ticks one of the leading carriers of disease in the United States. Wake Forest Baptist Health offers tips on how to stay safe during the peak of tick season. “Only about 60 percent of people who contract tick-associated illnesses remember or recognize the tick bite,” said Christopher Ohl, MD, associate professor of infectious diseases at Wake Forest Baptist. “Ticks can be hard to determine due to their small size, bites that occur in a difficult-to-see location, like behind the knee or on the scalp, or the tick can fall off before a person can check for them.” Ohl says that almost all people who contract these illnesses, such as Lyme disease or Rocky Mountain spotted fever, have spent some time outdoors in common activities such as gardening or hiking, but the vast majority of them will not get an infection or illnesses. Ohl suggests the following tips: - Avoid wooded or grassy areas and high vegetated spaces, where ticks are often found. - Use a repellent that contains 20 percent or more DEET on skin or clothing to repel ticks for several hours. Make sure to avoid the hands, eyes and mouth. - After being outdoors and in tick-infested areas, check for ticks using hand-held or full-length mirrors to view all parts of the body, especially the hair. Remove any tick that is found. - Shower within two hours of coming indoors to reduce the risk of being bitten by a tick. Also place clothes into a dryer on high heat for at least an hour to effectively kill ticks hiding on clothing. - Pets can also be carriers of ticks. Make sure to check pets and administer tick medicine or put a tick collar on them. - Remove the tick immediately. - Use fine-tipped tweezers to grasp the tick as close to the skin's surface as possible. - Pull upward with steady, even pressure. Don't twist or jerk the tick; this can cause the mouth parts to break off and remain in the skin. If this happens, remove the mouth parts with tweezers. If unable to remove the mouth easily with clean tweezers, leave it alone and let the skin heal. - After removing the tick, thoroughly clean the bite area and hands with rubbing alcohol, an iodine scrub, or soap and water. - For disposal of the tick, submerge it in rubbing alcohol and put it in a sealed container and throw away. If an individual becomes ill after a tick bite, they should seek medical attention. Learn more at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention section on ticks.

No lakes have a greater claim to a place in American history than Lake George and Lake Champlain. During the first two centuries of European habitation, these strategic waterways formed the theater for the struggle for control of North America, first between the British and the French, then between the British and the Americans. Following those wars, the lakes became an important water highway for goods coming from the resource-rich North to the cities on the Atlantic seaboard. Dr. Bellico opens up this fascinating nautical history and covers recent underwater archeological discoveries. Written by Russel P. Bellico

Guest Editor: David Wood, PhD Formulaic language is a linguistic phenomenon which is basic to human communication. The term refers to multiword units, which may be continuous or not, which have a single meaning or function in communication, and which are probably prefabricated or stored and retrieved mentally as if a single word . Learners struggle with formulaic sequences and, for example, often fail to interpret their meanings accurately, even when given ample contextual clues . While the body of research on formulaic language is large and growing in areas such as psycholinguistic processing, analysis of the role of formulaic language in specific genres and registers of language, and extraction from texts using corpus analysis tools, there are a number of issues yet to be addressed fully in researching the teaching and acquisition of formulaic language. For example, how can we be sure that acquisition of specific formulaic sequences is adequate in causing general language gain? Are there particular strategies which learners can be taught which will help them to be more readily capable of perceiving and integrating formulaic sequences in their own language repertoire without explicit teaching? Similarly, how can we be sure that our instructional techniques have lasting effects? Clearly, the teaching of formulaic language is an area still ripe for investigation by researchers and teachers alike. This Special Issue of TESL Canada Journal will include papers sharing a focus on the teaching and acquisition of formulaic language, and may present empirical studies or literature reviews with fresh and practical conclusions. Book reviews and practical “In the classroom” short papers will also be included. To review Author Guidelines and the three categories of Research, In the Classroom, and Perspectives articles, please refer to http://www.teslcanadajournal.ca/index.php/tesl/about/submissions. As part of the submission process, authors are required to download the TESL Canada Journal Submission Form on that page and to send it to firstname.lastname@example.org as an attachment, along with their manuscript. Questions regarding this special issue should be directed to email@example.com. Deadline: Full manuscripts are due June 1, 2017.

Data Protection vs. Data Privacy: What is the difference? The digital information era has seen exponential growth in terms of data being collected, managed, and distributed across organizations. Websites, applications, and social media platforms often collect and store personal data about users in lieu of providing free services. However, some applications and platforms may exceed users’ expectations for data collection and usage, leaving users with less privacy than they realized. Other apps and platforms may not place adequate safeguards around the data they collect, which can result in a data breach that compromises user privacy. Data privacy is a serious concern and consumers have started looking at the privacy rules that businesses follow before they associate with the company. Organizations need to use data protection practices to demonstrate to their customers and users that they can be trusted with their data. On the other hand, data breaches and cybercrime are becoming major impediments and can lead to potential loss of customers’ trust and business value. It is thus vital for businesses to comply with the regulations of data privacy and adhere to strict data protection practices. Data Privacy and Data Protection have been used interchangeably however, they are a huge distinction between both. Let us dive deep and understand them in detail. In this article, you will read: What is Data Privacy? What are Data Privacy laws? What is Data Protection? What is Data Security? Understanding these concepts with an example. Key differences between Data Privacy and Data Protection Why does it matter to know? What is Data Privacy? Data privacy generally means the ability of a person to determine for themselves when, how, and to what extent personal information about them is shared with or communicated to others. This personal information can be one’s name, location, contact information, online or real-world behavior, personal health information (PHI), and personally identifiable information (PII) including financial information, medical records, social security or ID numbers, names, birthdates, and contact information ensures that the data is kept secure. What are the laws of data privacy? Regulatory legislation drives many data privacy practices because government entities recognize the potential negative effects of data breaches on citizens and the greater economy. Numerous laws require and enforce data privacy functions and capabilities. In European Union (EU) The EU has the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which governs the collection, use, transmission, and security of data collected from residents of its 27 member countries. GDPR is a set of data privacy laws enacted by the EU to ensure consumer privacy. GDPR regulates areas such as an individual’s ability to consent to provide data, and how organizations must notify data subjects of breaches of individuals’ rights over the use of their data. These laws force organizations to disclose their data collection efforts and help ensure consumer privacy by giving consumers the right to determine how their data can be used, while also imposing penalties upon organizations for data breaches. It gives more power to an individual to control their data. The GDPR focuses on newer areas like Privacy rights, data security, data control, and governance. GDPR applies to: 1. A company or an organization that is established or has a branch office in the EU and processes personal data as a part of its activities. 2. A company that is operating from outside the EU but having or operating or monitoring the personal data of an EU citizen is also required to follow GDPR. In the United States of America In the U.S., laws, and regulations concerning data privacy have been enacted in response to the needs of a particular industry or section of the population. Examples include: - Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) gives parents control over what information websites can collect from their kids. - Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) ensures patient confidentiality for all healthcare-related data. - Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA) extends government restrictions on wiretaps to include electronic data transmission. - Video Privacy Protection Act (VPPA) prevents the wrongful disclosure of an individual’s PII stemming from their rental or purchase of audio-visual material. - Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA) mandates how financial institutions must deal with the individual’s private information. - Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) regulates the collection and use of credit information. While some U.S. data protection laws are enacted at the federal level, states may also ratify and enact data privacy laws. Examples of state-level data privacy laws include the following: - California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) - California Privacy Rights Act (CPRA) - Virginia’s Consumer Data Protection Act (VCDPA) - Colorado Privacy Act (CPA) - New York SHIELD Act - Utah Consumer Privacy Act (UCPA) - Connecticut Personal Data Privacy and Online Monitoring Act (CPDPA) What is Data Protection? Data protection is the mechanism that enforces the policies and regulations into motion and prevents unauthorized access or use. It is the company’s responsibility of protecting the data and ensuring the level of privacy set by the users. The company must take precautions for protecting the data. Data protection is concerned with keeping information safe from hackers. It ensures that your data is protected from unethical intervention and access. What is Data Security? Data security is the concept of protecting digital data from theft, corruption, or unauthorized access throughout its entire lifecycle: Data security involves everything from the physical security of the storage devices and hardware to administrative access controls and the security of software applications. It also includes organizational policies and procedures. Correctly implementing data security can protect your data from cybercriminal activities, insider threats, and human error. Various tools and technologies help protect your data, including: - Redaction of sensitive files - Data masking - Automated reporting These tools can help keep your data secure while supporting you in other areas, like streamlining your audits and complying with regulatory requirements. Understanding these concepts with an example Let us understand the concepts of Data Privacy, Data Security, and Data Protection using an example. Example No. 1: Data Privacy SimplySuperb.com sells unique products via its online e-Commerce application and it collects the following data of its online shoppers such as: - Email addresses and log-in details - Shipping addresses - Billing addresses To ensure proper handling of personal data and to give individuals control over access to and sharing of their data, SimplySuperb.com does the following: - It allows its customers to unsubscribe from its email marketing & newsletter list. - It does not disclose its customer’s email addresses and purchase data to a third party without getting its customer’s consent. - It stores customers’ purchase information by data storage periods determined by applicable laws. These efforts are all part of SimplySuperb.com’s data privacy strategy. Example No. 2: Data Security The executives recently decided to update SimplySuperb.com’s data security policy. As a result, they hired a data security analyst who brought to their attention that more staff members had access to shoppers’ information than was necessary — weakening the company’s overall data security. After reviewing which staff members needed access to this information, they reduced the number of “need to know” players from 20 to only five. In addition, they allowed access to data under special circumstances. By reducing the number of staff members who could access shoppers’ data by nearly three-quarters, SimplySuperb.com significantly strengthened its data security plan. Example No. 3: Data Protection SimplySuperb.com is a national company beginning to broaden its reach into the international market. However, a data protection analyst recently pointed out a potential issue. Suppose SimplySuperb.com shopper data were suddenly lost or destroyed by a cyberattack or human error. In that case, it could lose millions of dollars in revenue before its current data protection plan could restore the data to its former level. SimplySuperb.com executives weighed the costs of updating their plan against the benefits and decided it would be worthwhile to invest in the analyst’s suggestions to strengthen the data protection plan. Some of the data protection analyst’s suggestions included: - Running tests on data reinstatement speeds for different scenarios - Creating cloud backups - Updating the backed-up data regularly - Using data masking Key differences between Data Privacy and Data Protection There are some notable differences addressed by an expert team of Forbes Technology Council mentioned here: 1. Having One Doesn’t Ensure The Other Data protection is focused on protecting assets from unauthorized use, while data privacy defines who has authorized access. One can say that data protection is mostly a technical control, while data privacy is more of a process or legal matter. One doesn’t ensure the other, and we need both to work together as a proper control mechanism. 2. One Addresses Regulations, and The Other Mechanisms Data privacy is the regulations, or policies, that govern the use of an individual’s data when shared with any entity. On the other hand, data protection is the mechanism — that is, the tools and procedures — to enforce the policy and regulation, including the prevention of unauthorized access or misuse of the data that I agreed to share. 3. The User Controls Privacy; Companies Ensure Protection The most important distinction people should know about data privacy and data protection is who controls which part. Data privacy controls are mostly given to users. Users can usually control which data is shared with whom. Data protection is mostly a company’s responsibility. Companies need to make sure that the level of privacy their users have set is implemented and data is protected. 4. Safety From Sales Vs. Safety From Hacks Data privacy is about keeping your information from being sold or shared, while data protection focuses on keeping that information from hackers. It’s important to explain this difference to people and have a policy as to what your company does for each type of data intrusion. 5. Ensuring Your Data Is Only Accessed As Intended The distinction between privacy and protection boils down to whom we intend to share your data with versus how we plan to protect your data from everyone else. At the data access level, they mean the same thing. But in reality, protecting data from unauthorized access requires going beyond a simple ACL scheme and defending against all the vulnerabilities of the underlying systems. 6. You Can’t Have Privacy Without Security Data privacy is about what people who have collected your data lawfully can and should do with it and what control you have over that retention and use of data. Data protection ensures that your data is safeguarded from unlawful access by unauthorized parties. It is hard to have true data privacy without data security, because why would anyone safeguard the data they stole? 7. Professional Expertise Is Needed Data protection focuses on protecting organizations’ assets. It is mostly about keeping threats out. Data privacy, on the other hand, is all about what is done with people’s data. It deals with how data is handled and managed inside the organization. Privacy teams are usually made of experts with backgrounds in law, policy-making, and some engineering. 8. Privacy Questions Should Be Answered First Data protection is the act of safeguarding the data already obtained, no matter what it is (PII, payment, or proprietary). Thus, we often overlook and ignore the fact that data privacy precedes the question of protection. The first step of risk avoidance is questioning if submitting your data is necessary at all. Why does it matter to know about data privacy and data protection? Knowing the difference between data privacy and data protection matters because they are deeply woven into issues that are crucial for businesses and organizations. Since companies are collecting more information about their customers than ever before, compliance with privacy laws, and how companies handle personal and sensitive information, and how they comply with privacy laws significantly impact their reputations. Privacy controls have become a serious concern and companies face potential legal risks should they fail to comply with the necessary laws and regulations in different jurisdictions. In addition to penalties and fines for non-compliance, companies may also lose out on potential business or partnership opportunities. Poor data privacy and data security postures have opened the doors to data breaches. There is an inherent need for businesses to consider privacy compliance from a business perspective, looking at the potential for operational risks to their business as they become increasingly dependent on data. They should also adopt a resilience mindset governing how they would respond to and recover from any major data breach event. Rainbow Secure can help secure your customer interactions, data sharing, and employee logins that have access to customers’ sensitive data. Rainbow Secure offers multilayer graphical login solutions, secure business email, and encryption for achieving data health and managing data privacy. Businesses can use it to securely administer data regardless of whether the data is in the cloud or on-premises. Rainbow Secure enables businesses to keep their data in compliance with data privacy, data security, and data governance best practices, laws, and regulations. It lets organizations classify data, secure it and restrict its access. To know more, schedule a call today or email us at firstname.lastname@example.org.

Dystopia: an alternative world/idea where the typical norm isn’t sustained and a rather unconventional lifestyle thrives despite its initial negative outlook. I have formulated this definition of dystopia because the original idea of a dystopian setting is depicted with a negative connotation which can be seen as an overstatement. A dystopia can become a canvas for experimentation which will increase the exploration of worlds that were once seemingly not ideal. In this sense, dystopia is not inherently negative but serves as a catalyst for diversity, innovation, and the reevaluation of societal paradigms. By deviating from established norms, a dystopia in this context encourages the emergence of new perspectives, lifestyles, and ways of thinking that may not have flourished in more conventional societal structures. Dystopian narratives often serve as a reflection on contemporary issues, warning against potential negative trajectories. Authors and creators use these imagined worlds to explore the consequences of unchecked power, societal conformity, and the erosion of individual liberties. A well-known example of dystopian literature was from Margaret Atwood’s “The Handmaid’s Tale.”

The term vitamin E describes a family of eight antioxidants, four tocopherols (alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-), and four tocotrienols (also alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-). Alpha-tocopherol is the only form of vitamin E that is actively maintained in the human body; it is the form of vitamin E found in the largest quantities in the blood and tissue. Alpha-tocopherol is the form of vitamin E that appears to have the greatest nutritional significance, but there is more and more evidence that all eight forms of vitamin E working synergistically in the body are important for optimal benefits. The main function of vitamin E in humans is as an antioxidant. Free radicals are formed primarily in the body during normal metabolism and also upon exposure to environmental factors such as cigarette smoke or pollutants. Vitamin E, is uniquely suited to intercepting free radicals and preventing a chain reaction cellular destruction. Vitamin E helps to maintain the integrity of cell membranes throughout the body. Vitamin E plays a major role in how cells communicate with each other, their genetic activity and cell proliferation. Click here for more info on antioxidants and how they work. Foods Rich in Vitamin E There are a lot of them, including some of our top SuperFoods. Here are 15 we love. - Raw Seeds - Swiss Chard - Mustard Greens - Turnip Greens - Extra Virgin Olive Oil (Hempseed oil, coconut oil, cottonseed oil, and safflower oil are good, too. Learn how to buy a good olive oil here.) - Pine Nuts

What are resources? Resources are anything that adds value to mankind in some way. Air, water, food, plants, animals, lakes, soil, metals, oxygen are all examples or resources. There are two kinds of resources. Renewable Resources – Resources that can be replenished after their use e.g solar energy, wind energy. Non Renewable Resources – Resources that can not be replenished after their use for a long time e.g coal, petrol etc. Why do we need to manage our resources? We need to manage our resources for the following reasons. Resources are limited on earth – It means that resources on earth are limited and even though we are using it at a very fast pace it is not being re generated at that speed and some of non- renewable resources are not getting regenerated completely. We need to manage our resources for our future generations otherwise no resources will be left on earth for future use. Proper management of resources will keep a check on misuse of resources and this will help resources to last for many generations to come. Management of resources leads to equitable distribution of resources, which simply means that everybody will benefit from those resource utilization and it’s not just rich and powerful people. Proper management of resources make sure that there is less damage to the environment. For e.g wood is a type of resource that is used to make furniture. Proper manager of wood resource can check the over cutting of trees in areas where there are less trees. Management of wood resource can make sure that people are cutting trees only in those ares where cutting trees will not affect the environment.

When winter comes around, it feels as if everything slows down. Days get shorter, the weather gets gloomier, and plant growth diminishes. This isn’t much of a problem for people with our modern amenities, but for wildlife the resulting lack of food and housing can be disastrous. As a landowner, you can create a winter wonderland for wildlife. Thoughtfully landscaping your property can ensure both habitat and food for our favorite critters, and it’s easier than you think! 1) Identify Your Priority Species Answering questions like those above can help you identify which species you’d like to see on your land. Once you know that, you can implement management practices that could turn your land into a winter wonderland for our winged friends. 2) Scope out Your Property Now that you’ve identified which bird species you’d like to target, take a moment to get to know your land. Scope out your property to see what you already have and identify what crucial elements your wildlife may be missing. Ask yourself: What is there to eat? Where can birds nest? What types of land are on my property (forest, prairie, wetland, etc.)? Common habitat features to look out for are standing dead trees (snags) and conifer stands. If a tree has died on your property, consider leaving it standing to serve as a vital nesting habitat. Species such as Pileated Woodpeckers and Black-capped Chickadees prefer to nest in tree cavities. Conifer stands also make for great nesting habitat and are used most often by species such as the Northern Shrike and the Red-breasted Nuthatch. Berry-producing trees, bushes, and vines are important food sources to keep an eye out for*. If you don’t have any, consider visiting your local garden center to see if you can plant some when the weather warms up this spring. Learn more about berry-producing species to plant. * Note: Some invasive species produce berries that are detrimental to wildlife. If you find buckthorn or oriental bittersweet on your land, consider taking action to remove them and replanting the area with native, wildlife-friendly plant species. 3) Plan Your Management Although now is not an ideal time to plant, it is a great time to plan. Once you’ve identified actions you’d like to take, you can start taking steps to implement them. Common actions include planting trees, installing bird feeders, creating edge habitat, and removing invasive species. If you would like aid in achieving your management goals, there is funding and professional support available to you. Contact Alexis Monti, Climate Resiliency Specialist, at email@example.com to learn more.

How to Learn Singing “History” by One Direction If you’re a fan of One Direction and want to learn how to sing their hit song “History,” you’ve come to the right place. In this article, we’ll break down the song’s unique vocal technique and provide practical advice on how to learn and master it. Let’s dive in! The Vocal Technique in “History” “History” by One Direction showcases a mix of smooth and powerful vocals. One notable vocal technique used in this song is the chest voice, which gives it that strong and emotive sound. The chorus, in particular, features a powerful belting technique that adds intensity to the performance. It’s important to note that belting should be done with proper breath support and control to avoid straining your voice. This vocal technique is commonly employed in other popular songs, such as “Love Yourself” by Justin Bieber and “Set Fire to the Rain” by Adele. By learning how to sing “History,” you’ll not only master this particular song but also develop a skill that can be applied to other songs in your repertoire. Practical Tips for Learning the Song Now that you’re familiar with the vocal technique in “History,” let’s explore some practical tips to help you learn the song effectively: - Analyze Your Voice: Before diving into the song, it’s essential to understand your unique vocal range and voice type. Take Singing Carrots’ Vocal Range Test to determine your vocal range and compare it to famous singers. - Breathing Basics: Proper breath support is crucial for singing any song, especially one with powerful belting sections. Check out Singing Carrots’ article on Breathing Basics to learn how to effectively control your breath. - Open Mouth and Throat: To achieve a clear and resonant sound while singing “History,” make sure to open your mouth and throat. Singing Carrots’ article on Open Mouth & Throat explains this technique in detail. - Practice with Vocal Pitch Monitor: Singing Carrots’ Vocal Pitch Monitor is an excellent tool to visualize your sung notes on a virtual piano. It can help you improve your pitch accuracy while practicing “History.” - Use Song-Search Feature: If “History” is not in your vocal range, Singing Carrots’ Song Search feature can help you find songs that match your voice type and difficulty level. For a more comprehensive understanding of singing techniques, vocal health, and performing tips, explore Singing Carrots’ blog articles:

The Obama administration, the US Congress, the United Nations, and other international agencies should encourage and plan for far-higher energy consumption in sub-Saharan Africa and in other regions that rely on burning wood and dung for energy, say a group of international energy and development experts in a new report, Our High-Energy Planet. The report comes at a time of debate about how to help Africa and other poor nations gain access to electricity. Congress held hearings on Electrify Africa legislation in March, and the Obama administration is currently developing a framework to support increased electrification in Africa. Today, over one billion people around the world — five hundred million of them in sub-Saharan Africa alone — lack access to electricity. Nearly three billion people cook over open fires fueled by wood, dung, coal, or charcoal. A recent report by the World Health Organization found that 4.3 million people die each year from household air pollution. All nations need cheap and reliable electricity to develop. But in recent years, the authors say, the UN and others in the international community “have come to rely on small-scale, decentralized, renewable energy technologies that cannot meet the energy demands of rapidly growing emerging economies and people struggling to escape extreme poverty.” Africa is set to increase the amount of electricity it gets from dams five-fold, and greatly expand how much of its oil and gas it produces. With larger reserves of natural gas than even the US, Africa today produces one-quarter as much as the US. About half of the gas African nations produce is sent abroad, while the US and Europe consume more oil and gas than they produce. With Africa growing rapidly, the energy access targets set for Africa by the UN are far too low, the report authors say. “The UN’s flagship energy access program,” the report notes, “claims that ‘basic human needs’ can be met with enough electricity to power a fan, a couple of light bulbs, and a radio for five hours a day.” The report notes that the average European consumes that much electricity in less than a month. Similarly, the International Energy Agency (IEA) defines “energy access” as 500 kilowatt-hours (kWh) per year, or 100 kWh per person, which is about 0.5 percent of the levels consumed by the average American or Swede, or 1.7 percent of the average Bulgarian. If the US and UN are going to both support development in Africa, and confront challenges like climate change, the authors say, energy access should be understood not as a charity for rural villages but as an essential component of national development. Cheap and reliable forms of modern energy are used to build roads, power tractors, create fertilizers, and power irrigation pumps, all of which improve agricultural yields and raises income. Affordable and reliable grid electricity also allows factory owners to increase output and hire more workers. The report highlights the human side of electricity access. Electricity allows hospitals to refrigerate lifesaving vaccines and power medical equipment. It liberates children and women from manual labor. Societies that are able to meet their energy needs become wealthier, more resilient, and better able to navigate social and environmental hazards like climate change and natural disasters. While there is no single or linear path to modern energy systems, the authors say, there is a common pattern. As countries move from agrarian to industrial to postindustrial societies, they transition from an almost total reliance on biomass fuels like wood and charcoal to reliable, grid-based electricity that relies on a mix of energy resources such as coal, oil, natural gas, hydropower, nuclear fission, and to modern renewables like wind and solar. Technical innovation, economies of scale, government investments, and competitive markets for energy services improved the performance of these energy systems, lowered their costs, and enhanced the services they provide. Climate change, the authors note, is a significant concern. However, it should not be dealt with by attempting to limit or restrict the energy consumed by the poorest people in the world.

Discovery Learning is a significant educational approach that encourages students to actively engage with the material, leading to a deeper grasp of the subject matter. This method, embedded in cognitive psychology, highlights the importance of problem-solving and critical thinking skills. This overview will explore the intricacies of this learning approach, examining its benefits, applications, and potential challenges. The Concept of Discovery Learning Developed in the 1960s by psychologist Jerome Bruner, discovery learning is an instructional theory that involves students interacting with their environment. This includes exploring and manipulating objects, face with questions and controversies, or conducting experiments. At its core, discovery learning posits that students learn more effectively and retain information longer when they discover facts and relationships on their own. This contrasts with traditional instruction methods, where facts are directly presented or demonstrated to students without their active involvement. Key Principles of Discovery Learning Several key principles underpin discovery learning. Primarily, learning is seen as an active process that demands learner engagement and participation. It is most impactful when relevant to the learner's life and interests, and is enhanced through problem-solving and critical thinking activities. A critical aspect of discovery learning is its student-centered nature. The educator's role is to guide and facilitate learning, not merely to transmit knowledge. This can involve providing resources, posing thought-provoking questions, or aiding students in reflecting on their experiences. Benefits of Discovery Learning This approach offers numerous benefits. It enhances motivation, curiosity, and a passion for learning. Students deeply engage with material, leading to a profound understanding of the subject matter and the development of crucial skills like problem-solving, critical thinking, and creativity. Discovery Learning also nurtures autonomy and self-direction. Students learn to take charge of their learning, fostering self-confidence and a positive learning attitude. They also hone collaborative skills, benefiting communication and interpersonal abilities. Impact on Cognitive Development Discovery Learning significantly affects cognitive development. Engaging in problem-solving and critical thinking fosters cognitive abilities like reasoning, memory, and attention. It also promotes independent and critical thinking, crucial for success in various academic and professional contexts. Additionally, this approach aids in developing metacognitive skills, enabling students to reflect on their thinking processes. This fosters improved self-awareness and self-regulation, key to lifelong learning and personal growth. Challenges and Considerations in Discovery Learning Despite its advantages, discovery learning poses certain challenges. Some students might find the open-ended nature of these activities daunting and require more structured guidance. Also, it can be more time-consuming than traditional instruction methods, posing a challenge in time-constrained educational settings. Role of the Educator In discovery learning, educators play a vital role. They must establish a supportive environment, supply necessary resources, and guide students through their learning journey. This requires a deep understanding of the subject and strong skills in facilitating learning. Assessing students’ progress in such an environment can be challenging, as learning is often nonlinear and personalized. However, effective assessment strategies can ensure comprehensive learning for all students. Implementing Discovery Learning Implementing this approach requires careful planning and preparation. Educators must create engaging, relevant, and challenging activities, providing the needed resources and support. Flexibility, creativity, and a profound understanding of the learning process are essential for educators to adapt their teaching strategies according to student needs and responses. Examples of Discovery Learning Activities Discovery Learning can be implemented in various ways. Project-based learning, for example, involves students in extended, complex tasks or projects, allowing them to delve deep into a topic and apply knowledge in practical contexts. Inquiry-based learning, where students explore a question or problem, fosters analytical reasoning and information-seeking. Other methods include case studies, simulations, and experiments. In summary, discovery learning stands out as a transformative educational approach that transcends traditional teaching methods by prioritizing student engagement, curiosity, and active participation in the learning process. Its foundation in cognitive psychology and emphasis problem-solving equips students with not only knowledge but also essential life skills. While it presents certain logistical and instructional challenges, Properly implemented, discovery learning can be a powerful tool in cultivating a generation of learners who are not just knowledgeable but are also critical thinkers and problem solvers, ready to face the complexities of the real world.

Recently, a research team successfully detected radio recombination lines (RRLs) of ions heavier than helium for the first time using the TianMa 65-m Radio Telescope (TMRT), operated by the Shanghai Astronomical Observatory (SHAO). Those lines were assigned to carbon and/or oxygen ions allowing measurements of elemental abundances with unprecedented accuracy, indicating that ion RRLs could be used to determine elemental abundances in places like the inner parts of the Milky Way, where high extinction makes it hard or impossible to do so with visible emission lines. This discovery has been published on 28th February 2023 in Astronomy & Astrophysics as a Letter to the Editor. Figure 1: The white line shows the RRLs of ions of C and/or O detected by TMRT . The green areas are the modeled emission of ion RRLs. The green dotted lines are the modeled emission, taking into account all RLLs and molecular lines. The background is the image of the heart-shaped Orion nebula (M42), with Orion KL located within the lower-left bright region of M42 (photo by Shawn Nielsen). Ionized gas is the most widely distributed interstellar gas component, and an important laboratory of measuring elemental abundances. These abundances have generally been measured using optical/infrared lines, with uncertainties being sometimes as high as one order of magnitude. Radio recombination lines (RRLs) can avoid the difficulties of optical line observations (e.g., extinction, limited spectral resolution, an emission model highly dependent on densities and temperatures), since RRLs are usually optically thin and with well understood emission mechanisms. However, so far, the types of detected RRL emitters were nearly all neutral atoms . Only two RRL transitions (121α and 115α) of helium ions in planetary nebulae had been previously reported [3,4]. Line blending makes the RRLs of atoms heavier than helium difficult to spectrally resolve. In contrast, the RRLs of ions are not generally blended with RRLs of neutral atoms, making them much more powerful ways to measure abundances. However, previous observations did not have the combination of wide spectral coverage and high sensitivity needed to detect them. Recently, astronomers of SHAO successfully detected RRLs of ions heavier than helium for the first time with the TMRT. This new discovery happened when they searched for interstellar emission lines through an on-going TMRT spectral line survey toward Orion KL. That line survey aims to provide an unprecedently sensitive (mK) spectral template covering 1-50 GHz, in preparation for the forthcoming era of low-frequency radio interferometers (e.g., ALMA band 1, SKA). More than one thousand line features have been extracted from the already completed Ka/Q-band (26-50 GHz) pioneer surveys, including many previously undetected transitions of complex organic molecules (COMs) and RRLs . While identifying the Ka-band (26-35 GHz) spectral lines of Orion KL, astronomers found that there were several broad line features that could not be assigned to any molecular species nor RRLs of atoms. Those line features have weak intensities (~10 mK), but are already significant enough to be distinguished because of the high sensitivity of the spectrum. Because their line widths (~15 km/s) are similar to those of H/He RRLs, astronomers realized that those line features could be RRLs of ions. The principal quantum number is large for RRLs and it is thus valid to treat atoms and ions as hydrogenic emitters with rest frequencies described by the Rydberg formula. To confirm this, astronomers further conducted follow-up Ku-band (12-18 GHz) observations using TMRT to search for signals of ion RRLs at the expected frequencies, and eight more alpha lines (RRLs with Δn=1) of ions were detected. Further, marginal signals of alpha lines in Q band and beta lines (Δn=2) in Ka band were found. Astronomers compared the spectra obtained in different days, and found the frequencies of the line features remain unchanged when corrected for the motion of the Earth, confirming that those ion RRLs origin from the space. In total, tens of RRLs of interstellar ions were detected by TMRT, and many of them are not blended with any transitions of molecules nor with RRLs of atoms. Those lines detected by TMRT are more than 20 kilometers per second bluer than the expected frequencies of helium ion RRLs, and were thus assigned to ions heavier than helium. The abundance of the doubly ionized elements associated with those ion RRLs were accurately fitted to be 8.8 parts in 10000, and it is consistent with the value of carbon/oxygen estimated from optical/infrared observations. Xunchuan Liu, a postdoc of SHAO and the corresponding author and first author of the study, led the TMRT spectral line survey and the discovery. “Previously, RRLs were commonly defined as radio spectral lines resulting from transitions of high-n levels of atoms, appearing after the recombination of singly ionized ions and electrons. We detected tens of unblended ion RRLs simultaneously, implying that RRLs of ions deserve more attention.” said Dr. Liu. Since the frequencies of the same RRL transitions of oxygen and carbon are pretty close, it is difficult to distinguish them at this stage through single-dish observations. “Future observations using the state-of-the-art radio interferometers such as ALMA, SKA and even some day ngVLA could break the degeneracy between oxygen and carbon, and detect RRLs of different kinds of ions in nebulas or even high redshift galaxies .” added by Prof. Paul F. Goldsmith, a senior researcher at NASA/JPL. “Such a technique would be very valuable to study the abundances of carbon and oxygen, the most important constituents of carbon monoxide and interstellar complex organic molecules, in the inner Galaxy, where optical observations are very difficult.” Said Prof. Neal J. Evans II, a professor in the University of Texas at Austin. This work presents clear evidence of an important discovery, as commented by the referee. “The 65-m large radio telescope TMRT, with its high sensitivity and a receiving system covering a full frequency range of 1-50 GHz, will play a more important role in searching for weak lines such as ion RRLs.” said Zhiqiang Shen, the director of SHAO and a co-corresponding author of the study. “This new discovery demonstrates the huge potential of TMRT in astrochemistry studies. The on-going TMRT spectral line survey towards Orion KL and other Galactic objects will reaches an unprecedented line sensitivity (~mK), which will lead to more new discoveries such as RRLs of heavy ions, new transitions of molecular lines and even new molecule species.” concluded by Tie Liu, a researcher in SHAO and co-corresponding author of the study. Liu, X., Liu, T., Shen, Z., et al. 2023, A&A, 671, L1 Gordon, M. A. & Sorochenko, R. L. 2002, Radio Recombination Lines Chaisson, E. J. & Malkan, M. A. 1976, ApJ, 210, 108 Terzian, Y. 1980, Radio Recombination Lines Liu, X., Liu, T., Shen, Z., et al. 2022, ApJS, 263, 13

What Are IOPS and How Does it Differ Compared to Throughput Ever wondered why your computer struggles with certain tasks? The answer might lie in a term called Input/output operations per second, or simply IOPS. In this blog post, we’ll demystify this often-overlooked but critical aspect of your device’s performance. Definition and Concept of IOPS Input/Output operations per second, is a critical measurement of the read and write speed of storage devices. This benchmarking unit applies to various storage solutions like solid-state drives (SSD), hard disk drives (HDD), and storage area networks (SAN). It helps users verify if a device’s speeds match up with what manufacturers claim. Total IOPS include measurements such as random write IOPS, random read IOPS, sequential write IOPS, and sequential read IOPS. These different aspects allow an in-depth understanding of how your storage medium performs under varied workloads. Variation may arise due to factors like internal controllers and latencies -making it essential to run detailed tests rather than relying solely on the manufacturer’s claims which often state optimum “up to” speeds that may not always reflect real-world performance. In the realm of understanding storage device speed, benchmarking tools play a fundamental role in measuring it. Tools such as Iometer and CrystalDiskMark are common examples of performance testing tools that provide detailed insights into read and write speeds. - Iometer: This open-source tool is favored for its comprehensive approach to testing and measuring the capability of storage devices. It records five key types of IOPS measurements – total IOPS, random write IOPS, random read IOPS, sequential write IOPS, and sequential read IOPS – providing a thorough outline of storage device performance parameters. - CrystalDiskMark: This is another widely-used tool that offers similar functionalities as Iometer. It collects data on both random and sequential operations to determine the overall performance. CrystalDiskMark can display results in MB/s or IOPS units, giving users flexibility on how they want their information represented. Data storage devices’ read and write speed can be measured precisely using Input/Output operations per second, or IOPS. Various calculation methods provide a comprehensive understanding of their performance: - Utilize performance metrics: Performance metrics are robust tools to analyze storage device speed. - Deploy benchmarking tools: Software like the Iometer or CrystalDiskMark helps measure these parameters accurately. These measurement tools operate by generating and tracking input/output data packets under controlled conditions. - Adopt a systematic calculation process: Begin with measuring random write and read speed. This involves writing and reading small blocks of data randomly across the device’s storage media. - Proceed with sequential measurements: After random operations, evaluate the sequential write and read performance. In this method, large blocks of data are written or read in sequence onto the media. - Interpret results correctly: Once you obtain raw data for these tests, it’s crucial to interpret them appropriately to understand their implications on the device’s speed and overall performance. - Cross-check measurements from different devices: To get an accurate understanding of relative performance, do similar tests on different types of storage devices such as SSDs, HDDs, and SANs. Consider factors like internal controllers and latencies that could affect the results. Interpreting the results of IOPS measurements is crucial for understanding the performance capabilities of your storage devices. These numbers represent the speed at which your storage device can handle input/output operations per second. By analyzing these results, you can determine how efficiently your device handles different types of workloads. For example, if you are primarily working with large sequential files, a high sequential read/write IOPS would be beneficial. On the other hand, if your workload involves small random access files, focus on improving random read/write IOPS. What is throughput? Throughput is a crucial term in the world of storage performance. It refers to the amount of data that can be transferred over a given period. Essentially, throughput measures how fast data can flow through a storage device or system. This metric is particularly important in scenarios where high data transfer rates are essential, such as streaming services and image hosting. Unlike IOPS, which focuses on measuring input/output operations per second, throughput evaluates the overall capacity for transferring data efficiently. It provides an understanding of how quickly data can move through a storage system without necessarily taking into account the specific operations being performed. Measuring throughput allows users to assess the efficiency and capabilities of their storage devices or systems by determining how much data they can handle within a specified timeframe. By considering both IOPS and throughput metrics together, users can gain valuable insights into their storage performance and make informed decisions when selecting or evaluating storage solutions. Limitations of IOPS One of the limitations of it is that it may not fully represent real-world storage performance. While it provides a valuable measurement of read and write speeds, it does not take into account other factors that can affect overall storage performance. For example, while high it’s readings might indicate fast random access times, sequential read or write speeds could be slower in reality. Another limitation is that claimed IOPS values provided by manufacturers are often based on ideal testing conditions. In practice, the actual performance may vary depending on various factors such as workload type, file sizes, and data transfer patterns. So, it’s important to consider these limitations when comparing storage devices based solely on their IOPS ratings. Additionally, different types of storage devices like solid-state drives (SSD), hard disk drives (HDD), and storage area networks (SAN) can have varying degrees of latency and internal controllers which impact their measured IOPS values. It’s crucial to understand these differences when evaluating the suitability of a particular technology for specific use cases or applications. Ultimately, while it offers insights into an aspect of storage device performance, one should also consider other metrics like throughput and real-world usage scenarios to gain a more comprehensive understanding before making informed decisions about purchasing and implementing storage solutions Limitations of throughput Throughput, which is the amount of data that can flow through a storage device, has its own set of limitations. One limitation is that it doesn’t provide a complete picture of the performance of a storage system. While throughput measures the speed at which data flows, it doesn’t take into account factors like random or sequential read and write operations. Additionally, streaming services may prioritize throughput for continuous data flow but neglect other important aspects such as random access speed. Another limitation is that throughput measurements don’t consider the physical storage capacity or total IOPS (Inputs/Outputs per Second), which are essential metrics in evaluating overall system performance. It’s worth mentioning that measuring it provides a more accurate account of a storage device’s speed compared to relying solely on throughput. Therefore, understanding these limitations helps users make informed decisions when selecting and evaluating their storage devices for optimal performance. Measuring the throughput of a storage device is crucial for understanding its performance capabilities. Here are some key points to consider: - Throughput measures the amount of data that can flow through a drive or system in a given period. - It is commonly used in streaming services, where consistent and high data transfer rates are necessary. - Throughput is measured in units such as megabytes per second (MB/s) or gigabits per second (Gb/s). - To measure throughput, specialized benchmarking tools like Iometer or CrystalDiskMark can be used. - These tools simulate real-world scenarios and provide accurate measurements of a storage device’s data transfer rate. - Measuring throughput helps ensure that the actual performance matches the manufacturer’s claims. - Real-world factors like file size, file types, and access patterns can affect the observed throughput. - It is important to take into account any limitations imposed by internal controllers or latency when interpreting throughput measurements. Understanding the Difference Between IOPS and Throughput IOPS vs. Data Transfer Rate - IOPS (Input/Output Operations Per Second) measures the number of read and write operations a storage device can perform in one second. It focuses on the speed and responsiveness of individual input/output operations. - Data transfer rate, on the other hand, refers to the amount of data that can be transferred within a given period. It represents how quickly data can flow through a storage device. - While both IOPS and data transfer rate are indicators of storage device performance, they measure different aspects. IOPS focuses on individual operations, providing insights into random or sequential access speeds. Data transfer rate, on the other hand, looks at overall throughput or the capacity for transferring large amounts of data. - IOPS is often used to evaluate performance in scenarios where random access speed is crucial, such as databases or virtual environments. It provides a more accurate representation of how quickly an application can process small-sized or random read/write requests. - Data transfer rate is commonly used in situations where continuous streaming or large-scale data transfers occur frequently. This metric is essential for applications like video editing or file backups that require high-speed data handling. - When evaluating storage devices, it’s important to consider both IOPS and data transfer rates since they serve different purposes. For example, while an SSD may have high IOPS for small-sized operations, its overall throughput might not be as impressive compared to a fast HDD. - Balancing IOPS and data transfer rate is key to optimizing performance based on your specific use case. Depending on your requirements, investing in devices with higher IOPS may be more beneficial than focusing solely on achieving maximum data transfer rates. Balancing IOPS and Throughput for Optimal Performance To achieve optimal performance from your storage devices, it’s crucial to find the right balance between IOPS and throughput. While IOPS measures the input/output speed of a device in terms of read and write operations per second, throughput focuses on the amount of data that can flow through the drive. Finding this balance is essential because high IOPS may not necessarily translate into better overall performance if the throughput is low. On the other hand, if you prioritize high throughput at the expense of IOPS, it might result in slower response times for individual operations. By considering both metrics together, you can ensure that your storage solution meets your specific needs. Whether you’re dealing with streaming data or random access patterns, striking a balance between IOPS and throughput will help you optimize performance and enhance productivity. SSD vs HDD: A Comparison of IOPS Solid State Drives (SSD) Solid State Drives (SSDs) are a type of storage device that offers high-performance and faster data access compared to traditional Hard Disk Drives (HDDs). SSDs use flash memory technology, which means they have no moving parts, resulting in quicker read and write speeds. One important metric for comparing the performance of SSDs is their Input/Output Operations Per Second (IOPS) measurement. IOPS measures how many input/output operations a drive can perform in one second, providing insights into its speed and responsiveness. By understanding the IOPS capabilities of an SSD, users can make more informed decisions when selecting storage devices for their needs. Hard Disk Drives (HDD) A hard disk drive (HDD) is a traditional storage device that uses magnetism to store and retrieve data. It consists of spinning disks (platters) coated with a magnetic material, and reading/write heads that move over the surface of the platters. HDDs are known for their large storage capacity and relatively lower cost compared to solid-state drives (SSDs). However, they have slower performance in terms of input/output operations per second (IOPS) due to mechanical limitations. This means that accessing data from an HDD can take more time compared to an SSD. When considering the comparison between SSDs and HDDs in terms of IOPS, it becomes clear that SSDs offer significantly higher performance, making them ideal for applications requiring fast read/write speeds such as gaming or multimedia editing. Solid State Drives (SSDs) and Hard Disk Drives (HDDs) showcase varied IOPS measurements due to the differences in their technology. It’s essential to comprehend these variations when selecting a storage device. Below is a comparative analysis of SSD and HDD in terms of IOPS: |Random Read IOPS |Random Write IOPS |Sequential Read IOPS |Sequential Write IOPS |Up to 100,000 |Up to 90,000 |Up to 20,000 |Up to 20,000 |500 – 900 |400 – 800 |150 – 200 |150 – 200 SSDs attain up to 100,000 random read IOPS and up to 90,000 random write IOPS, demonstrating their superior performance. For sequential operations, SSDs offer up to 20,000 IOPS for both read and write operations. On the other hand, HDDs significantly lag with 500-900 IOPS for random reads, 400-800 IOPS for random writes, and a mere 150-200 IOPS for sequential reads and writes. Thus, SSDs provide considerably higher IOPS than HDDs, resulting in faster data access and superior overall performance. Understanding of these differences is crucial in selecting a storage device that best suits a user’s requirements. In conclusion, IOPS (Input/Output operations per second) is a crucial measurement when it comes to understanding the performance capabilities of storage devices. Whether you’re using solid-state drives (SSD), hard disk drives (HDD), or storage area networks (SAN), knowing the it can help determine how fast your data can be read and written. By measuring and analyzing it, users can optimize their storage systems for optimal performance and ensure they are getting the most out of their hardware investments.

Biology is developing at a rapid pace and increasingly becoming data-driven, thanks to the exponentially decreasing cost of DNA sequencing – or our ability to read the human genome. The first human genome was sequenced in 2001 when an international coalition announced the first draft. The total project cost was close to 3 billion US dollars. The same genome can now, breathtakingly, be sequenced for almost $1000. Genome data gives us a glimpse of our past (our pedigree and ethnic background), our present (from our wellness to our illnesses) and our future (diseases we are genetically more prone to have in the future as we age). Genome data also helps us ‘personalize’ medicine by understanding how different patients (of different genetic backgrounds) respond to different drugs. Adding this giant, and growing, corpus of data to digital data from hospitals (like electronic health records, images from radiology and pathology) and other new-age sources like our mobile phones, digital watches and wearable gadgets, and even digital sensors at home and at work has the potential to give us unforeseen predictive power when it comes to our health and well-being. A recent study at the Mayo Clinic (US) has shown that there is 30% decrease in hospitalization if the patient’s genomic data is used in diagnosis. Another study has shown that (in women of 50 years and above) a 37% decrease in cost of cancer treatment is observed if genomics data is available. Research has also shown that 20% of cancer patients die because of side effects of drugs and not the diseases itself. Finally, against a global cancer survival rate of about 60%, the figure in Pakistan is a mere 30%. This clearly indicates the potential healthcare as well as economic impact of genomic data and a better understanding of drug responses in patients.

“Nature does not hurry, yet everything is accomplished.” Lao Tsu. Patience may be defined as the ability to accept delays without becoming annoyed, and remaining calm. It may help us to persevere with something when we experience difficulties, to continue without complaining. I have noticed that patient people tend to be calmer and more relaxed. They may arrive somewhere a few minutes later than someone who raced to be on time, however they tend to arrive in a calmer state of mind. Perhaps these people may be present more quickly once they do arrive, whereas the person who arrived on time after rushing might take a while to calm down? When we are patient, we tend to be able to problem solve in a calmer and more methodical manner. We may take our time to think of different solutions to problems or challenges we face. As they say, ‘patience is a virtue’. Some of the following ideas might help to teach patience. Choose one to try together. - Play a board or card game with the family. - Sit in the lounge and read together. - After dinner, see how long you can sit still in silence without communicating with anyone. The person who lasts the longest is the winner. - Have a discussion with the family in silence by writing down what you want to say. You can only use one piece of paper and one pencil. - Everyone draws a crazy scribble on a blank piece of paper. Pass it to someone else and have them carefully colour in each part of the scribble. - Get an egg and see how long it takes you to balance it on the table standing on its end. - Build a house of cards. How high can you build it? - Sit around together and quietly start to breathe deeply together. Close your eyes and notice your breathing. As you begin to relax, see if you can breathe more deeply. See how long you can continue to breathe deeply with your eyes closed. What did you notice? - Get a texta and scribble onto a blank piece of paper then colour each enclosed space with a coloured pencil. - Talk about all the things where patience is an absolute must. Are there any situations where you find yourself becoming impatient? I love to build things using recycled materials. I’ve made a gate from a recycled roof structure, screen fences from old hardwood fence palings, a stand-up table with a hardwood top and Monty and I made a kennel for our dog, Rufus, using left-over plywood from our house renovation. Quite often, I’ll have a design in mind then I’ll sketch out the plans before starting construction. I will head off to the hardware store and purchase the timber for the frame. When home, I’ll cut up the timber and put it all together. The next step is to find the recycled timber. More often than not, I won’t have any recycled hardwood yet. So, when cycling to work, I’ll start to ride, taking different routes. It may take a little longer for the commute, but I’ll start to look out for unwanted hardwood. This will often take a few weeks trying to source the best materials to complete the project. I won’t compromise and use an old fence that was made of treated pine. I keep searching for the right timber to complete the project. So far, my patience has paid off and each job has the particular worn and loved look I’ve been after. “The two most powerful warriors are patience and time.” Leo Tolstoy.

The origins of the Drakelands Mine, or the Hemerdon Mine as it was formerly known, date back to the 18th and 19th century when the area was worked for tin. In the 19th century 2 mines were operating on the south-western slopes of Hemerdon Ball, namely Mary Hutchings and the Hermerdon Consoles. Recorded outputs for the Mary Hutchings Mine were 426 tons of tin and 230 tons of arsenic for the period between 1866 and 1880, while the Hemerdon Console recorded 26 tons of tin in 1855. In 1897 Tungsten/Wolframite deposits were discovered on top of Hemerdon Ball. In 1916 with an increased demand for tungsten due to the start of World War I, a mineral exploration program was initiated, which outlined a tin-tungsten deposit suitable for open-cast extraction. In 1917, Hemerdon Mines Ltd decided to construct a 400-tonne per day mill, and shortly afterwards open-cast ore mining operations began. The mine operated for three years between 1918 and 1920. However in 1920 Hemerdon Mines Ltd had to suspend operations and sell off some of the milling equipment since the British government stopped accepting tungsten ores under the war pricing scheme. Increases in the tungsten prices in 1934 led to renewed prospecting of the deposit, along with some metallurgical testwork. In 1937-38 the Hemerdon deposit was prospected by the Hemerdon Syndicate and the British (Non-Ferrous) Mining Coproration who sank three 20m shafts for sampling purposes. The average samples retrieved contained about 3kg of wolfram/tungsten and black tin per ton, of which milling tests showed a possible recovery of 55 per cent. At the then prices of wolfram this was not a very attractive economic proposition, but because of the outbreak of Worl War II, the Hemerdon Wolfram Ltd. was tasked with exploiting the mine. In 1939 they erected a mill capable of treating 3000 tons of mineral ore per day. Due to a large need of tungsten during WWII the government took over the mine in 1942 and hastily erected a new mill with a larger capacity. The new plant took over operation from the old plant in 1943 but ceased operation only a year later as access to cheaper markets were being restored in 1944. It seems that after 1944 production of tungsten at the Hemerdon Mine ceased completely until the early 1960s. In the mid-1960s work at the Hermerdon mine was recommenced by British Tungsten Ltd, owned by Canadian entrepreneur W.A.Richardson. In 1976, the Hemerdon Mine was acquired by Hemerdon Mining and Smelting Ltd. and in 1977 they brought in the international mining firm AMAX Inc. as a joint venture partner. Between 1977 and 1980 AMAX undertook an extensive exploration programme and constructed a pilot plant for processing of the mineral ore. The final version of the study released in 1982 concluded that the total reserve of mineral ore at the Hemerdon site was 73 million tons of ore at grades of 0.143% tungsten trioxide (1.43kg/ton) and 0.026% tin (260g/ton). Hemerdon Mining and Smelting Ltd. was then joined by Billiton Minerals Ltd. and the consortium planned to commence production in 1986. However, their planning application, made in 1981, was refused in 1984 with the result that Billiton Minerals pulled out of the consortium and Hemerdon Mining and Smelting Ltd. sold their 50% stake in the mine to AMAX. After making a revised application, permission for the mining operation was finally obtained in 1986. However, by then a collapse in the prices of both tin and tungsten, rendered the opening of the mine economically unviable and the assets of the Hemerdon Mine were passed on to a newly formed holding company, Canada Tungsten Ltd, in 1986. Canada Tungsten Ltd. then passed into the ownership of Aur Resources, which, in 1997, was purchased by the North American Tungsten Plc. During the early 2000s the North American tungsten Plc, surrendered the mineral rights and disposed of the assets at the Hemerdon Mine, due to the sustained low prices of tungsten on the international markets. In 2007 the specialty metal exploration and development company, Wolf Minerals purchased the the mineral leases for the Hemerdon Mine project. An agreement with Imerys to purchase remaining mineral rights and freehold land was also made. Following agreements with local landowners to acquire surface rights, Wolf Minerals renamed the project the Drakelands Mine to “recognise the local community. After entering the processing plant the tungsten ore is crushed using two Sandvil hybrid roll crushers, which were preferred over jaw crashers as they are believed to cope better with the high clay content of the ore. After the crushing, the ore undergoes a “pre-concentration” process, the aim of which is to increase its concentration of wolframite in the ore. At the start of this process, the crushed ore is conveyed to scrubbers where it is washed to remove the fines (finely crushed or powdered material) from the coarser material. After scrubbing the ore moves through a variety of screens, the aim of which is to divide the material into 2 different size bines, namely coarse particles sized between 0.5 mm to 9 mm and fine particles smaller than 0.5mm. Oversized material (i.e. larger than 9mm) is diverted to a cone crusher before being returned to the scrubber and the screens. The fine material is collected in a large holding tank while the coarse material is stored in a feed bin with approximately 4-5 hours capacity. It is only at this stage that the “pre-concentration” process begins. Increasing the wolframite concentration in the fine and coarse ore is achieved using two different methods namely gravity separation and dense media separation (DMS). Gravity separation, is basically a method for separating particle mixtures of the same size but with difference in specific weight. Let us look at the former process, i.e. gravity separation, first. From the holding tank, the finely crushed ore is fed into a couple of desliming hydrocyclones. Slime basically consist of particles approximately 200 times smaller than the finest mesh-size of the screen suspended in a liquid. Because of their small size this particles tend to remain suspended indefinitely. Hydrocyclones (see schematic) create a separation between coarse/high specific gravity particles and fine/low specific gravity particles based on their geometry and the centrifugal motion of the flow inside them acting on the particles accordingly. When slurry is fed under pressure tangentially into the pipe shaped body of a cyclone, the centrifugal force tends to throw the heavier particles towards the outside in preference to the lighter ones. The outer particles then move down the cone under pressure and are forced out of the underflow spigot, while the lighter particles and the liquid (i.e. the slime) on the inside of the vortex rise up into the vortex finder and discharge as an overflow. The primary flow is essentially the slurry flowing down the spiral trough under the force of gravity while the secondary flow pattern is radial across the trough. This radial secondary is crucial for the separation of particles. The underflow from the desliming hydrocyclones is then fed into banks of gravity separator spirals. A gravity separator spiral is basically an inclined chute with a complex cross section wrapped around a central column. The principle is that a combination of gravitational and centrifugal forces acting upon particles of differing specific gravities cause fine heavier particles and coarse light particles to segregate. A spiral unit is composed of a profiled channel swept helically around a central post creating a spiraling trough. Slurry containing the underflow from the desliming cyclones enters the spirals on the top and on its way to the bottom of the spiral, the denser particles generally reports inward while the less dense particle normally flow towards the outer part of the trough. The mechanism of separation involves primary and secondary flow patterns. As the slurry film flows down the trough, the dense particles settles faster and are carried inward by the lower layer of the secondary flow, while the less dense particles stay on top of the dense materials and are then carried outward by the top layer of the secondary flow. After dewatering using hydrocyclones, the output from the gravity separator spirals the concentrate ore from the spirals is send to Holman’s Wilfley shaking tables for further refining. Similarly to the previous devices, shaking tables allow for the separation of particles based on their specific gravities and sizes. In this case the separation is achieved by an inclined table which oscillates backwards and forwards essentially at right angles to the slope, in conjunction with riffles which hold back the particles which are closest to the deck. This motion and configuration causes the fine high specific gravity particles to migrate closest to the deck and be carried along by the riffles to discharge upper-most from the table, while the low specific gravity coarser particles are able to jump of the riffles, thus discharging over the lowest edge of the table. The “pre-concentrating” process of the coarser ore via dense media separation is in some sense a much simpler process as it mostly relies on the use of hydrocyclones. The main difference between this process and the desliming/dewatering process is that the medium within the cyclones is much denser than water as otherwise all the coarse feed would escape through the underflow and now separation would be achieved. The required concentration of the wolframite ore is achieved by sending the coarse feed through a primary and a secondary DMS circuit which both consist of hydrocyclones. Once the slurry has gone through the gravity separation and the dense media separation processes, it consists mainly of wolframite, cassiterite, iron oxides and some silicates and arsenic materials. This slurry is now fed into the “concentrate processing” section where most of the impurities are removed. In a first step arsenopyrite is removed by pumping the slurry into a conditioning tank where several chemicals are added to enable the separation of the arsenic compound via sulphide flotation. Once the arsenopyrite has been removed the slurry is thoroughly dried before feeding into a reduction kiln. This kiln uses diesel as a reductant to generate carbon monoxide, which reacts with haematite and other iron oxides in the feed at approximately 700 °C, to create magnetite or maghemite whilst leaving other minerals largely unaffected. This process changes paramagnetic haematite into ferromagnetic maghemite/magnetite. Wolframite, like hematite, is paramagnetic and without this reduction step separation of haematite and wolframite would be impossible using magnetic separators. The reduced ore from the kiln is cooled and fed onto a low intensity magnetic separator (LIMS) which is designed to remove the now highly magnetic iron oxides, which are sent to the tailings thickener. The non-magnetic product from the LIMS is sized at 150 μm on a dry Derrick screen before free-flowing to a multi-stage high gradient disc electromagnetic separator (VOG HIMS), with the goal of separating tungsten from non-magnetic minerals such as cassiterite and silicate. These HIMS produce six streams of varying quality tungsten concentrate grading up to over 60% tungstate.

A Virtual Introduction to Science Fiction A Virtual Introduction to Science Fiction (VSF) is an online teaching toolkit for those interested in science fiction. It addresses anyone who wants to know more about the genre and provides introductory information for students, teachers and fans. As a toolkit it is specifically aimed at teachers who want to enhance their classes with, or prepare a course on science fiction. As such, you will not only find introductory essays but also pre-recorded lectures as well as further material for classroom use, all of which is prepared by experts of the field from around the world. Use the lectures to have a specialist introduce the topic to your students, or read the introductory essays for your own preparation. Design your syllabus using the story recommendations or prepare classes with the help of VSFs further reading recommendations and in-class discussion point suggestions. You can also find recommendations for course books or free of charge online-ressources. All of this material is free of charge and fully licensed under the creative commons license (more info in the right lower corner). You can use the full toolkit including downloads of all materials. Just remember fair academic use and citation of sources.

Are you ready to impress your friends & family with amazing knowledge & exciting tales of the constellations?! If so, keep reading… Have you ever looked up at the night sky & imagined what might be out there? You’re not alone! People have been wondering that for thousands of years. Technology like telescopes & space shuttles are quite new, so before we could really investigate space, people would make up stories about what they thought was up there. Some people saw heroes & monsters made out of stars & would tell stories about them. This book is going to tell you all about the wonderful things floating around above your head & teach you how to find some of the planets & special stars from your bedroom window. (It’s exploding with fun pictures to help you visualize them, too.) It’s also packed with legendary tales about the constellations, like how the constellation of Hercules shows him wrestling the monster Hydra or how Pegasus–a magical flying horse with wings–was the only animal that could carry Zeus’s lightning bolts without getting hurt! Discovering constellations doesn’t have to be difficult, even if you don’t own a telescope. You can even find them by using your hands! Try this HANDY (pun fully intended) tip to help you find the stars: - Straighten your arm out in front of you & make your hand into a fist. The distance from your first knuckle (don’t count the thumb) to your fourth knuckle is 10 degrees. - Now spread out only your thumb & pinkie finger. The distance from tip to tip is 25 degrees. (If you hold up just your pinkie finger by itself, the width of it is 1 degree.) This will help you navigate the night sky to find the constellations in this book! Did You Know: - There are some stars you can see from Canada that will never be seen from Australia! - Or that Jupiter, the largest planet, has 80 moons! - Or that one day on Venus lasts as long as 6,000 hours! (That means 1 day of school would last over 8 months!) - Why the ancient Romans are responsible for our galaxy being named after a chocolate bar! - Why your parents might be receiving messages from space when traveling! - The incredible trick to see how far apart objects in space are just by using your own hand! - The amazing star that the dinosaurs would have been able to see millions of years ago - Why sticking a pencil through an orange can help you visualize how the earth spins - Incredible tales behind the constellations that your friends at school won’t believe! - How to master the constellations for any season! - The planet that’s not home to aliens—but robots! - What the Ancient Egyptians designed their pyramids to point to - Why you should get your camera ready for the year 2061 - Why the moon’s gravity could be a surfer’s best friend! - The best time to see incredible events in the sky! - How to see a meteor shower every minute - Which fruit to shine a flashlight on to help you visualize moon phases - An in-depth glossary so you can quickly understand the cool words inside & much more! From the giant Virgo to the much smaller Corona Borealis, you will discover all the tips & tricks to finding the constellations, as well as some amazing facts that will make you sound like a professional astronomer. There are so many things in space to explore that not even scientists know exactly what is out there. Who knows what they (or you!) will discover in the future? So, if you want to master the night skies & discover amazing knowledge & tales that will leave your friends scratching their heads, then turn the first page!

What is the scope of archaeology? Information about divisions of archeology, what is the scope and the study of archaeology. ARCHAEOLOGY, Both history and archaeology study the human past. However, history is dependent upon the written word and therefore concerns itself with the particular part of the human past that is recorded in documents. Archaeology, on the other hand, studies the past in terms of things that people made. In doing so it uses the methods both of history and of science. About 1 percent of the human past can be studied through written documents. The remaining 99 percent has left no written records and thus is outside the bounds of documentary history. This 99 percent of the human past is the main subject matter of archaeology. However, a portion of history’s 1 percent of the human past also belongs to archaeology. This realm, in which archaeology and history particularly overlap, is called historic archaeology. Insofar as the archaeologist deals with the histories of past cultures, he is doing something similar to what historians do. The essential difference is in the nature of the data. But when the archaeologist is studying culture in the anthropological sense of the term, he has moved from the area of the humanities, with their historical or fine-arts frames of reference, into the context of the social sciences or the natural sciences. The Study of Culture. The term culture, in the anthropological sense, means an organized body or system of beliefs and understandings, manifest in acts and artifacts. Persisting through tradition, these beliefs and understandings characterize a human group. Culture consists of tools, weapons, utensils, ornaments, and the like, as well as customs, institutions, beliefs, myths, ideas, and acts. It is the means by which humans obtain their food, protection from the elements, and defense against their enemies. Culture is learned. It is transmitted from one person to another and one generation to another largely by language, which is also a part of culture. Culture is the agency through which humans interact with each other, with their own culture and other cultures, and with their physical environment. Without culture human existence is impossible. Although both the historian and the archaeologist are interested in the study and knowledge of past cultures, the archaeologist focuses his attention on the material aspects of culture while the historian concentrates his efforts on the nonmaterial aspects of culture. Moreover, the historian, who needs written documents, must deal with the elaborated cultures that are called civilizations. The archaeologist may also study civilizations, but he often investigates the cultures of noncivilized or precivilized societies that are outside the boundaries of history. Whatever he studies, the archaeologist’s work is intimately bound to the material aspects of culture, and the historian’s is not. Material culture consists of artifacts and other physical manifestations of human activity. An artifact is a product of human workmanship. Tools, weapons, utensils, amulets, charms, art objects, clothing, houses, buildings, monuments, walls, and the like are artifacts. Even a cemetery or a human burial in a grave is an artifact. The grave pit is an artifact, and the skeleton arranged in a particular way, especially a skeleton that has been fastened together, is an artifact. There is, however, a point at which the concept of artifact becomes somewhat obscure. Clearly a paved road is an artifact, but a path between two rivers may be only a byproduct of many people walking over the shortest route between two points. A carefully chipped knife of flint is clearly an artifact from which, with other examples of its class, an archaeologist can recover extinct notions of form, material, and to some degree methods of manufacture. Yet the flint chips or wastage that are a byproduct of the manufacture of the stone knife will usually convey more information about the method of making stone knives than the finished product itself. Thus the stone chips are man-made and are artifacts, even though they are not finished products intended for use. A small flint chip with an edge showing that it has been used as a cutting tool is an artifact just as much as a marble sculpture of a goddess is. Each in its own way is an equally important datum in the study of past cultures. A kitchen midden, or refuse dump, although not an artifact, is certainly a physical manifestation of human activity and culture. The midden, or refuse pile, may contain fragments of broken tools, weapons, and utensils, various byproducts of manufacturing processes, and animal bones broken to obtain marrow or showing knife cuts from butchering. Such bones are not artifacts but they do manifest cultural behavior of groups of humans. Still other physical manifestations of past cultures and human behavior can be found: for example, discolored areas in soil where wooden posts of dwellings or other kinds of structures once stood; pollen and seeds of wild and cultivated plants; or concentrations of certain chemicals in the soil. Because the kinds of material remains that constitute the record of past cultures are so variable and diverse, many sorts of skills and systems of interpretation are needed to recover the historical and scientific realities that the archaeologist seeks. In fact, much of archaeology is like detective work. To carry the comparison even further, a great part of the laboratory analysis done by or for archaeologists is similar to that done in the best crime laboratories. Divisions of Archaeology. Because the materials of archaeology include a wide range of material cultural remains, archaeologists work with a great variety of skills, systems, and aims. Consequently archaeology has many divisions. One kind of archaeologist, for example, may produce culture history from his studies, a history somewhat similar to documentary history but derived from data of a different kind. Another archaeologist may be interested only in the history of certain forms of art from one area and period. Such a person is operating in the branch of archaeology that is similar to art history. An archaeologist may also be interested in the evolution of cultures, or a comparative history of cultures, or the interaction of culture and physical environment, or comparative cultures and social processes, or some other kind of objective that places his kind of archaeology in the field of the natural or social sciences instead of in the humanities or the arts. Archaeology of this sort is a part of anthropology, which is a social science with a background in the natural sciences. Anthropology is the study and knowledge of man, culture, and society from the earliest times to the present. It is a combination of natural sciences and social sciences. In North America, anthropology is frequently divided into five separate fields or disciplines: - physical anthropology, - social anthropology, In North America most archaeologists receive their training in a university department of anthropology. Other archaeologists, however, may receive their training in a university department of fine arts, classics, or Oriental studies or in the humanities in general. Because of this diversity in training as well as the greai range of materials to study, the field of archaeology includes many divisions and specializations. Some of these divisions concentrate on great civilizations and their antecedents, for example, the Greek, Roman, Egyptian, Chinese, Aztec, or Andean. Other divisions may be entirely regional, studying the various civilizations of Europe, Africa, North America, South America, or Oceania. There are divisions based on broad categories of subject matter—for instance, medieval archaeology, prehistoric archaeology, and colonial and historic archaeology. Underwater archaeology is really an extension of whatever division the remains under investigation belong to—for example, Roman archaeology. Yet underwater archaeology tends to become a speciality because of special skills and special equipment required. Thus far it has been easier to teach archaeologists to dive than to teach archaeology to those people who dive for sport and adventure. Probably the best way to divide archaeology into reasonable segments is to think of it in relation to the totality of human culture. In the earliest stages of human existence or in later but marginal stages, most of man’s attention was devoted to adapting to his environment. Cultures representative of such stages are in critical interaction with their physical environments and have relatively large technological systems in relation to their social and ideological systems. For example, they have to spend a great deal of time hunting for food and have little time for producing literature and art or for developing philosophies of religion. The archaeologists who specialize in the study of such cultures should have a good background in the natural sciences and in anthropology. In the latest stages of human existence the sociological and ideological aspects of culture are relatively larger than the technological aspect. Moreover, the physical environment is of relatively less importance. The archaeologist who concentrates on such cultures, which are representative of civilizations or near-civilizations, should have a background in the humanities and anthropology. The students of cultures that are intermediate between the primitive and the civilized should have as background a suitable combination of the humanities, anthropology, and natural sciences. The diversity of archaeology and its academic compartmentaliza-tion make archaeology somewhat difficult to classify but also give it a great strength. Only archaeology can provide a scientific over-all view of human existence from its earliest beginnings to the present time.

UNDERSTAND WHAT IS MEANT BY COUNSELLING SKILLS AND ETHICAL FRAMEWORKS What are counselling skills? Counselling skills are a set of skills that can be used in everyday life, either professionally or personally, for example, helping whilst helping a distressed friend. The power of someone being truly listened to, without judgement, is very rare in today’s society and skills like paraphrasing, summarising, focusing, reflecting can help us to understand and be understood extremely well. The skills can help us communicate in a much more effective manner and help us to relate to the people we are talking to in a better way. “What are counselling skills? The definition agreed by the competence framework’s project team is that counselling skills are a combination of values, ethics, knowledge and communication skills used to support another person’s emotional health and wellbeing. A wide range of people use counselling skills often to enhance a primary professional role, and they’re not exclusive to counsellors. Their use is dependent on who is using them and the setting in which they’re used.” The BACP Ethical Framework for the Counselling Professions (2018). What are different roles within which counselling skills may be used? - Job Roles - Family roles - With friends - In support groups - With neighbours - With strangers - In accidents (such as a car accident) What are different situations in which counselling skills may be used - When dealing with a tricky situation with co workers - When managing people - While in an argument with family - When someone is in grief - When someone has just lost their job and may have other concerns as a result (mortgage) - Helping people dealing with the pressures of covid - Helping a neighbours family when the neighbour is seriously ill - When having to let a member of staff go What are the differences between someone who uses counselling skills and a qualified trained counsellor Training is a key part of differentiating counselling skills and counselling practice. During the course every week we are practising on each other, ever increasing throughout the 3 years of the course. During this practice, we are having our performance continually reviewed and improved throughout. In addition, up until the end of Level 4, the course requires a minimum of 100 hours, meaning we will get further chance to practise under supervision “Provide further developed skills, including a 100-hour practice component under supervision” The Skills and Educations Group Awards Level 4 Diploma Qualification Guide, 4 (2020) Supervision in counselling is carried out by an experienced counsellor who has further studied to become a supervisor. While we are then practising as professional counsellors, we will use the supervisor to review the way that we are conducting our work and sessions with our clients. It is a key requirement for many professional bodies, such as the BACP (British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy) to ensure that they work in a safe and ethical way. It is a place where a counsellor can bring their sessions up for advice, particularly with tricky clients, situations or ethical dilemmas. Finally the supervisor can check the counsellor is keeping their skills up to date, helping ensure it forms part of the counsellor’s continual professional and personal growth. “Supervision is essential to how practitioners sustain good practice throughout their working life. Supervision provides practitioners with regular and ongoing opportunities to reflect in depth about all aspects of their practice in order to work as effectively, safely and ethically as possible. Supervision also sustains the personal resourcefulness required to undertake the work.” The BACP Ethical Framework for the Counselling Professions (2018) Using counselling skills is different in everyday situations as it is for a counsellor within their counselling sessions. Counsellors need to follow strict guidelines, such as the BACP Ethical framework, when working with clients. They also have certain obligations as a counsellor to perform in different ways. For example, it wouldn’t likely be appropriate for them to work with their best friend’s wife as a counsellor. However, using counselling skills, like active listening, could be very helpful for her if she is discussing a work issue over a meal you may be sharing (hopefully with her husband). Other differences are the fact that a counsellor should be insured to carry out their work and it is also highly recommended they are affiliated with a governing body, like the aforementioned BACP. Understanding the need to work within an ethical framework Explain the key features of one recognised ethical framework for counselling and psychotherapy used by qualified trained counsellors. Within this section I discuss some of the key features covered within the BACP ethical framework 2018.’ As members and registrants of “BACP, we have committed ourselves to the principles and values set out in this Ethical Framework and recognise that our membership or registration may be at risk if we fail to fulfil our commitments. This Ethical Framework for the Counselling Professions is the main point of reference for decisions in professional conduct hearings.” – BACP Ethical Framework 2018 Ethics (values and principals) Values are what is considered acceptable/desirable behaviour, above and beyond what regulation or laws may tell us respecting human rights and dignity – Treating people with the basic rights and respect we should all be entitled to alleviating symptoms of personal distress and suffering – Trying to help lower their distress/emotional pain enhancing people’s wellbeing and capabilities – Improving people mentally improving the quality of relationships between people – Trying to teach them better methods of interacting with the people in their lives (or whom come into their lives) increasing personal resilience and effectiveness – Trying to raise their mental fortitude facilitating a sense of self that is meaningful to the person(s) concerned within their personal and cultural context – Trying to give them more self worth, more understanding of their genuine wants, desires and values appreciating the variety of human experience and culture – Similar to respecting people, respecting and recognising their experience and background protecting the safety of clients ensuring the integrity of practitioner-client relationships – Ensuring you do not cross any ethical lines enhancing the quality of professional knowledge and its application – Carrying on with professional development and applying it striving for the fair and adequate provision of services The values underpin these principals, these are essentially 6 core responsibilities to practising ethically for a counsellor utilising the BACP framework. They can be used to govern a counsellor’s ethics, particularly surrounding ethical decisions/dilemmas. They are: Being trustworthy: honouring the trust placed in the practitioner Autonomy: respect for the client’s right to be self-governing Beneficence: a commitment to promoting the client’s wellbeing Non-maleficence: a commitment to avoiding harm to the client Justice: the fair and impartial treatment of all clients and the provision of adequate services Self-respect: fostering the practitioner’s self-knowledge, integrity and care for self A decision made using one or more of these (where there is no contradiction) is seen as a well founded decision, based upon the ethical principles of the framework. Sometimes, however, a counsellor may find themselves in situations where they are not able to do this. Should this arise, they should choose which principals they feel should be prioritised. A counsellor should always consider all the relevant information they have in detail and need to be accountable for their decision. Personal moral qualities These are a counsellor’s personal values with regards to ethics that shape how we interact with people and the world around us. It is important these are inspected from time to time as they have a key impact on how strong client relationships are. - Candour: openness with clients about anything that places them at risk of harm or causes actual harm - Care: benevolent, responsible and competent attentiveness to someone’s needs, wellbeing and personal agency - Courage: the capacity to act in spite of known fears, risks and uncertainty - Diligence: the conscientious deployment of the skills and knowledge needed to achieve a - Empathy: the ability to communicate understanding of another person’s experience from that person’s perspective - Fairness: impartial and principled in decisions and actions concerning others in ways that promote equality of opportunity and maximise the capability of the people concerned - Humility: the ability to assess accurately and acknowledge one’s own strengths and weaknesses - Identity: sense of self in relationship to others that forms the basis of responsibility, resilience and motivation - Integrity: commitment to being moral in dealings with others, including personal straightforwardness, honesty and coherence - Resilience: the capacity to work with the client’s concerns without being personally diminished - Respect: showing appropriate esteem for people and their understanding of themselves Sincerity: a personal commitment to consistency between what is professed and what is done - Wisdom: possession of sound judgement that informs practice Counsellors will almost always have to face issues within their professional lives. A good understanding of the ethical aspect assists the counsellor in making the best decisions available to them. The framework is intended to highlight the variety of ethical aspects that need looking at, so they can make a decision that is as best thought out as possible, while armed with all the aspects. Good practice Notes Putting clients first Key to this is to “make the client the primary focus of our attention” BACP ethical framework 2018. If counsellors have any conflicts of interest, these should be discussed with a supervisor, an experienced colleague or where appropriate, the client, before services are offered. Safeguarding from serious harm is to be thoroughly considered before confidentiality is overridden as trust is essential however counsellors have an obligation to put all clients first. Working to professional standards Counsellors must as a minimum meet key professional standards. When verifying these, counsellors must ensure that confidentiality is maintained. They adhere to “keeping skills and knowledge” up to date. They will keep accurate records that comply with data protection; maintain their mental and physical wellbeing; be adequately insured; collaborate with other professionals where client consents and it enhances their treatment; fulfil the values set out in the document in whichever medium they may be working. Counsellors must respect their privacy and dignity whilst maintaining complete equality. Building an appropriate relationship Counsellors will typically give clients all relevant information prior to working together regarding the treatment and methods. Afterwhich, a mutual agreement will be reached on working practices. They will periodically review each client’s progress; establish and maintain boundaries; not engage in sexual relationships with clients or people close to them; not exploit clients in any way. Breaks and endings Counsellors must notify clients of any fixed limits as part of the contracting process; keep them informed of any upcoming endings; notify them in advance of any planned changes (holidays etc); unplanned changes are to be deal with to best minimise impact to them; Counsellors will maintain honesty; be open and communicative (inline with confidentiality); communicate skills and training and working methods accurately; give consideration to the law; notify the BACP of any disciplinary procedures, criminal charges, civil claims (in industry) or bankruptcies. Accountability and candour Counsellors are responsible to give clients opportunities to work towards their desired outcomes and discuss how best to work towards them, including any known risks. They must notify them of any risks or issues that may cause harm. They then must take immediate action to prevent or limit it, repair it and apologise if appropriate. It must be notified and discussed with a supervisor and investigated to avoid repeats. Counsellors must review how they work in supervision, monitoring how clients experience the work and its effects. Counsellors protect confidentiality by guarding information from unauthorised access; informing clients of the procedures; ensuring shared information is done so under the knowledge the participants will maintain confidentiality; informing clients of any limitations in advance; gaining authorisation of sharing from client or meeting strict guidelines; utilising anonymised information wherever possible. Working with colleagues and in teams Counsellors will treat colleagues fairly, with mutual respect; not undermine client relationships; keep communication professional Supervision is fundamental to maintaining good practice via regular, confidential, opportunities to reflect about work. It must be independent of any line management and the application of the ethical framework shall be discussed regularly. Supervisors must have adequate training and expertise, whilst maintaining their own supervision, keeping records. Supervisees must be open and honest. Training and education Trainers must be competent teachers and provide accurate information. They must be fair, respectful and transparent with candidates and students, providing reasons for outcomes where appropriate. Examples will be anonymised (or gain prior consent). Trainers will encourage trainees to vocalise concerns. Trainees must be respectful to each other and follow ethical practice. When working with clients, they will inform them of their status and seek permission to use any information regarding them, if the work is not “ anonymised”. They must ensure minimum standards are met and be vigilant to conflicts of interest. They must be open and honest with trainers. This is important to enhancing professional knowledge and all participants must consent. Research will be reviewed in advance to ensure no conflicts of interest and methods must comply with good standards whilst not adversely affecting clients. Care of self as a practitioner Counsellors will take responsibility for their wellbeing so clients are not adversely affected. Responding to ethical dilemmas and issues Counsellors will utilise supervision and other professional resources to support and challenge situations. They will take responsibility for thorough consideration on how to act in situations and be ready to explain the logic behind the decisions. (BACP Ethical Framework References) “This Ethical Framework for the Counselling Professions is the main point of reference for decisions in professional conduct hearings.” The BACP Ethical Framework for the Counselling Professions (2018) “Values inform principles. They become more precisely defined and action-orientated when expressed as a principle.” The BACP Ethical Framework for the Counselling Professions (2018)

Dear Wikiwand AI, let's keep it short by simply answering these key questions: Can you list the top facts and stats about ISSN (identifier)? Summarize this article for a 10 year old An International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) is an eight-digit serial number used to uniquely identify a serial publication, such as a magazine. The ISSN is especially helpful in distinguishing between serials with the same title. ISSNs are used in ordering, cataloging, interlibrary loans, and other practices in connection with serial literature. |ISSN International Centre |1976; 48 years ago (1976) |No. of digits The ISSN system was first drafted as an International Organization for Standardization (ISO) international standard in 1971 and published as ISO 3297 in 1975. ISO subcommittee TC 46/SC 9 is responsible for maintaining the standard. When a serial with the same content is published in more than one media type, a different ISSN is assigned to each media type. For example, many serials are published both in print and electronic media. The ISSN system refers to these types as print ISSN (p-ISSN) and electronic ISSN (e-ISSN). Consequently, as defined in ISO 3297:2007, every serial in the ISSN system is also assigned a linking ISSN (ISSN-L), typically the same as the ISSN assigned to the serial in its first published medium, which links together all ISSNs assigned to the serial in every medium. Oops something went wrong:

SEMRAN THAMER | Senior Editor While recent developments and the commercialization of virtual reality (VR) have been heavily catered to revolutionizing video gaming, the technology has advanced to the point where it now holds promising potential for nearly every industry. Even within a single industry, healthcare, VR’s potential is nearly limitless. For years, scientists and medical professionals have been researching ways to develop and implement the use of VR for training, diagnosing, and even treatment. In his article, “Learning Without Fear” (Fall ’16) Patrick Lin discusses how VR has been used for social cognition training for autistic patients. As Lin suggests, VR can be used as a tool to create controlled simulated environments designed to safely mimic specific social situations, allowing autistic patients to practice and solidify learned social skills. Healthcare has been utilizing VR technology for decades, but as developments by digital entertainment giants like Oculus, Sony, and Google have made high-quality VR experiences widely available at reasonable prices, the practical applicability of VR in medicine has significantly progressed. New VR technologies are now being heavily utilized in medical training and education as it has become a cost-effective, safe and engaging tool that provides practitioners with a way to create a realistic, immersive and risk-free environment to practice complicated procedures and techniques. Other applications of VR in healthcare include cognitive behavior therapy to treat anxieties, phobias and other psychiatric illnesses, phantom limb pain, and a variety of other ailments (Rose). While innovative VR technology has tremendous potential in medical training and treatment, it has also been shown to improve the hospital experience. VR can be used to help patients escape the confines of a hospital bed by creating an immersive relaxing simulated environment, reducing a patient’s stress and pain, which in turn could potentially reduce their length of stay and therefore increase resource efficiency. As Lin includes in his article, patients tend to respond to virtual environments in such a way that it can instill a greater sense of confidence and comfort than certain real environments. Perhaps, given the recent upsurge of VR developments and its inevitable popularity in healthcare, every hospital bed may eventually be equipped with a VR headset. This may not be as far-fetched an idea as it seems since research has revealed that virtual reality in healthcare is predicted to globally generate $2.54 billion by 2020 (Perry). The massive consumer market that has recently exploded from the advent of widely available and affordable VR devices has even stimulated discussions regarding patient-centered and individualized VR healthcare (Takahashi). A CPR and Heimlich maneuver VR software aimed to allow anyone to learn such life-saving techniques is currently being developed. Various VR preventative medicine apps that address issues such as the diabetes epidemic and fitness apps that allow individuals to enjoy the “outdoors” at any time will soon be released (Perry). Clearly, virtual reality has and will continue to significantly revolutionize health in various ways by enhancing medical education, training, patient experience, and healthcare delivery. Leadem, Rose. “10 Incredible Uses of Virtual Reality.” Fortune. N.p., 8 Sept. 2016. Web. Lin, Patrick. “Learning Without Fear: Virtual Reality Social Cognition Training for Individuals with Autism Spectrum Conditions.” Medical Dialogue Review 11.1 (2016): 9-13. Print. Perry, Philip. “How Virtual Reality Will Change the Face of Healthcare.” BigThink. N.p., 9 Apr. 2016. Web. Quigley, Eoghan. “Virtual Reality In ELearning: Is It A Reality Today?” ELearning. N.p., 2 Dec. 2016. Web. Takahashi, Dean. “VR Report Says Consumer Interest in Virtual Reality Goes Far Beyond games.” VentureBeat. N.p., 21 June 2016. Web.

Researchers at Mayo Clinic have shown that it is possible to detect endometrial cancer using tumor DNA picked up by ordinary tampons. The new approach specifically examines DNA samples from vaginal secretions for the presence of chemical "off" switches -- known as methylation -- that can disable genes that normally keep cancer in check. The finding is a critical step toward a convenient and effective screening test for endometrial cancer, which is the most common gynecologic malignancy in the United States. The results are published in the journal Gynecologic Oncology. "Unfortunately, there is no equivalent to a Pap smear or a mammogram for endometrial cancer," says Jamie Bakkum-Gamez, M.D., a gynecologic oncologist at Mayo Clinic and lead author of the study. "We know that the earlier a woman is diagnosed, the better the likelihood is that she is going to have a positive outcome from cancer treatment. Our goal is to use our findings to develop a tool for the early detection of endometrial cancer that women could use in the comfort of their own homes." The American Cancer Society estimates that over 50,000 new cases of endometrial cancer will be diagnosed in 2015. Though the malignancy is more common in white women, blacks are usually diagnosed at a later stage and are more likely to die from the disease. In most cases, women discover they have endometrial cancer only after abnormal vaginal bleeding prompts a visit to the doctor. However, more insidious molecular changes take place long before such symptoms appear. Before a cell can turn cancerous, it has to subvert the genetic checks and balances that normally keep it from growing out of control. Thousands of different genes likely play a role in suppressing the development of tumors. In cancer, these tumor suppressor genes are often mutated outright or simply masked with chemical tags or methyl groups known as methylation. Previous research has shown that a wide variety of genes are turned "off" by such methylation in different types of cancer, leading many investigators to explore how these molecular markers could be used to diagnose or even treat the disease. A small study published in 2004 showed that DNA samples collected from tampons was excessively methylated or hyper-methylated in women with endometrial cancer compared to women without the disease. However, in the years since then little progress has been made in turning the approach into a practical screening test. "No one really took that idea and ran with it," says Dr. Bakkum-Gamez. "We wanted to take this initial study one step further, and use advances in technology to see if we could develop a better method of differentiating between cancerous and benign cells." First, Dr. Bakkum-Gamez and her colleagues obtained samples from 66 women who were about to undergo a hysterectomy, 38 because of endometrial cancer and 28 due to other indications. Each woman used an intravaginal tampon to collect vaginal secretions and also underwent endometrial brushing, a procedure that uses a wire brush to scrape cells from the inner lining of the uterus. The researchers isolated DNA from the samples and then analyzed 97 methylation sites along 12 different genes, half initially discovered by members of the research team and half previously reported by other researchers. They found that methylation was higher in specimens from women with endometrial cancer for 9 of the 12 genes analyzed. The results were similar regardless of whether DNA was acquired through a tampon or endometrial brushing. Despite the encouraging results, the researchers say they need to further refine their method before it can be used clinically. Now, Dr. Bakkum-Gamez and her colleagues are looking for additional genes that are mutated or methylated in the earliest stages of endometrial cancer. Once they have the final lineup of genes to use in the test, they plan to validate the test using samples obtained through a clinical trial that is currently accruing 1,000 women at higher risk of endometrial cancer. The final product may look very similar to Cologuard, an at-home screening kit recently approved by the FDA. Cologuard was co-developed by Mayo Clinic and Exact Sciences, and analyzes DNA from stool samples for alterations associated with colon cancer. "Cologuard could revolutionize colon cancer screening, and our test has the potential to do the same for endometrial cancer," says Dr. Bakkum-Gamez. "At the heart of this approach is a desire to make cancer screening patient-centered, by using a product that is already widely accepted and readily available, even in resource-poor settings." Cite This Page:

Some scientists believe this is a seed sent to earth by aliens The never-before seen image shows a microscopic metal globe spewing out biological material feared to be an infectious agent. Though the origin or purpose of the mysterious sphere is uncertain, experts say it could contain genetic material - the precursor to life. They sensationally claim it could have been designed by an intelligent species to “seed” and propagate alien life on Earth. It is the first time anything like this has been seen and points not only to the existence of extra-terrestrial life, but to complex and civilised beings watching our planet. It follows findings that DNA capable of inserting itself into living creatures and replicating can exist in harsh space conditions. A tiny ‘plasmid’, a circular strand of DNA used in genetic engineering, was sent into space from Sweden in 2011 on the exterior of a TEXUS-49 rocket. The mysterious organism has baffled scientists After enduring 1,000C heat it was found to still be intact and with its biological properties when it returned to Earth. Professor Chandra Wickramasinghe director of the Buckingham Centre for Astrobiology at the University of Buckingham in England, said it is further proof of alien life. However the latest finding, by Professor Milton Wainwright and his team from the University of Sheffield and the University of Buckingham Centre for Astrobiology, could reveal a much more sinister purpose. Conjuring images as warned by H.G Wells in his 1898 novel War of the Worlds - it could have been deliberately engineered and sent to Earth to infect the planet. Professor Wainwright said the structure is made from the metals titanium and vanadium with a “gooey” biological liquid oozing from its centre. He said there are several theories as to where it came from, the first being it is a complete microorganism programmed to propagate alien life on Earth. “It is a ball about the width of a human hair, which has filamentous life on the outside and a gooey biological material oozing from its centre,” he said. Top 10 Facts About UFOs “We were stunned when X-ray analysis showed that the sphere is made up mainly of titanium, with a trace of vanadium. “One theory is it was sent to Earth by some unknown civilisation in order to continue seeding the planet with life. “This seeming piece of science fiction, called “directed panspermia” would probably not be taken seriously by any scientist were it not for the fact that it was very seriously suggested by the Nobel Prize winner of DNA fame, Sir Francis Crick. “Unless of course we can find details of the civilisation that is supposed to have sent it in this respect it is probably an unprovable theory.” Professor Wainwright and his team found the object in dust and particulate matter collected from the stratosphere. He sent balloons 27km into the sky to collect debris from space and isolated several particles he claims are proof of life in space. It comes as the mysterious “ghost particle”, also found by Professor Wainwright was revealed and follows the revelation last year of the astonishing “Dragon Particle” the first of its kind to point towards proof of life in space. Professor Wainwright said the curious orb landed on the sampler balloon it left a tiny impact crater proving it could not have gently fallen from close by. He said: “On hitting the stratosphere sampler the sphere made an impact crater, a minute version of the huge impact crater on Earth caused by the asteroid said to have killed off the dinosaurs. “This impact crater proves that the sphere was incoming to Earth from space, an organism coming from Earth would not be travelling fast enough when it fell back to Earth to cause such damage. “This seems never before to have been found on Earth.” He said one theory is the object was released deliberately to infect the human race with life-threatening diseases, another is that it travelled millions of miles on a comet. He said: “For the moment, we are content to say that the life-containing titanium sphere came from space, possibly from a comet. “NASA is currently sending a balloon into the stratosphere to look for life. “Hopefully they will get the same results as we have, whether or not they acknowledge what the team have found, or claim the discovery for themselves remains to be seen.” The findings come as scientists in the UK and Japan launch the ISPA (Institute for the Study of Panspermia and Astroeconomics) which seeks to prove life on Earth originated from Space. Professor Wickramasinghe, director for research at the institute has long-maintained biological material including bacteria and viruses are constantly raining down from the skies. He said: “Mainstream science and institutions have fought against theories which expound these beliefs but now evidence from meteorites, from samples of bacteria from space and from space observation is making resistance more difficult. “Proving that the Earth is in a constant exchange of matter with the larger cosmos would have implications not only in terms of our identity, but could also give us insight into alien viruses which may be important for our group identity, evolution and survival itself.” - Support fearless journalism - Read The Daily Express online, advert free - Get super-fast page loading

Imagine a world where gadgets, people, infrastructure, and buildings talk to each other. In this advanced world, which we have often seen in sci-fi movies, surgeries are conducted by doctors from thousands of miles away. Cars are driven without a driver. You can interact with factories, buildings, and cities and can even watch live events in VR! Yes! That’s exactly what our world will become with the inception of 5G technology – secure, experiential and hyper-connected. Fascinating! Isn’t it? What is 5G capable of? Considering the zealous acceptance of 5G technology by the governments and the industry as a whole, it’s no doubt that we are on the brink of a technological revolution. Invented with the aim to assist wireless networks to cope up with the congested data traffic, 5G technology will be a game-changer. It will lead to innovations such as control of driverless vehicles, remote surgery, and more. 5G is the fifth generation of mobile technology that ensures faster streaming, browsing, and download speeds along with better connectivity. It is also designed for increasing capacity and reducing latency, i.e. the time taken for devices to communicate with each other. These changes will play a huge role in our capacity to adopt 5g technology into our day-to-day lives, especially for integrated applications such as self-driving cars, robotics, and medical devices. The 5G technology, however, has become controversial, with many people and a few scientists articulating concerns with regards to the possible side effects of RF energy transmitted by 5G base stations. What makes 5G different? With technologies such as 4G, connectivity has been restricted from humans to the internet and humans to humans. However, with 5G network, things will go far beyond, and one can imagine the connection of not just devices and machines to humans but also machines with other machines. 5G network promises a completely connected experience. It is estimated that the number of connected devices across the globe will triple to 25.4 billion by 2030. With that happening and unlocking of 5g internet, terms such as virtual reality, internet of things, and artificial intelligence will no longer be just fancy connotations but something common. 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) believes in the power of 5G due to its three major applications: - Ultra-reliable, low latency communication (URLLC) - Enhanced mobile broadband (EMBB) - Massive machine type communication (MMTC) Does 5G technology impact health? There is significant data available on the health effects of electromagnetic waves with inconsistent results. However, the data or research available on the frequencies used in 5G is limited, as per World Health Organization (WHO). Electromagnetic waves have been associated with the following associated risks: Tissue heating – According to a study conducted in 2017 by WHO, the frequencies used by mobile phones (which are 1.8 to 2.2 GHz) can cause tissue heating. This is a result of the skin absorbing electromagnetic energy, causing a rise in the temperature of your body and brain. It has also been found that EMF-associated tissue heating is more common in the elderly. This is probably the reason that older individuals have reduced blood flow and skin thickness. However, the frequency of EMF is low enough to cause any considerable tissue heating, according to the Federal Communications Commission. There is a need for more research with regards to the effect of the 5G internet on human tissue. Cognitive function – There was a study conducted on how mobile usage can affect cognitive function in 2017, which revealed that using a mobile phone for 90 minutes can lead to attention difficulties. In a similar study conducted in 2018, researchers examined 43 studies concerning cognitive function and EMFs and found the previous evidence conflicting. It was established that there is no substantial link between cognitive concerns and electromagnetic fields. There is no study on the effects of 5G technology on cognitive function. EMFs were considered ‘possibly carcinogenic’ to humans according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in 2011. Many studies were conducted later on to examine the potential link between brain cancer and EMFs. However, the results haven’t been consistent. EMF radiations from mobile phones were linked with a type of brain cancer (glioma), for instance, in a 2017 research. However, the association between the two couldn’t be established clearly in a 2018 study. There is a need for more studies to find if 5G frequency can lead to the development of cancer. False Claims Concerning Health Risks Numerous false claims about the implication of 5G on health have been made since its advent. Some of these are: - 5G causes migraines, headaches, and dizziness - There are 5G microchips in COVID-19 vaccines - COVID-19 pandemic is being covered up with the release of 5G There is no substantial proof behind these false claims. The Bottom Line While there is small evidence that ties RF-EMF to an increase in the risk of cancer development and associated health outcomes, there’s no conclusion on how serious a threat is 5G technology exposure and EMFs in general. There’s no escape from radio waves for those staying in densely populated areas. The exposure can be reduced by limiting cell phone usage and creating a distance between devices and our heads. With no substantial evidence supporting the false health concerns claims, there’s no reason to neglect 5G and its amazing benefits.

Molehill mining is a new industry that involves extracting valuable minerals such as gold, silver, copper, and zinc from the soil in mole burrows. Mining companies hire skilled miners to collect soil samples that are sent to a laboratory for testing. If the soil samples contain valuable minerals, companies use specialized equipment, such as sifter machines, to separate the soil from the minerals. There are several benefits to molehill mining, including the fact that mole burrows contain more minerals than normal soil, it is a cost-effective and reliable method of mining, and it is environmentally sustainable. Molehill mining is an emerging industry that promises to be both profitable and sustainable. Moles, unfortunately, have a reputation for being pests as they burrow through lawns and gardens, leaving unsightly piles of dirt in their wake. However, recently, molehills have been recognized as a highly profitable source of many valuable minerals, such as gold, silver, copper, and zinc. This has led to the development of a new industry – molehill mining – that entrepreneurs are now using to extract these precious metals from mole burrows. What is Molehill Mining? Molehill mining refers to the process of extracting valuable minerals from mole burrows, which are created by moles digging tunnels underground. The soil in mole burrows is said to contain high concentrations of minerals such as gold, silver, nickel, zinc more, making molehills attractive targets for mineral extraction. How Does Molehill Mining Work? To extract minerals from mole burrows, entrepreneurs typically hire skilled miners who dig below the ground at the site of molehills. Once they reach the tunnel, the miner carefully collects soil samples from the burrow and sends them off to a laboratory for testing. If the soil samples contain valuable minerals, mining companies then use specialized equipment to remove the soil from the mole burrows. Most of the time, this process involves using a sifter machine to separate the soil from the minerals. Benefits of Molehill Mining As molehill mining continues to grow, entrepreneurs and mining companies are finding significant benefits in mining mole burrows. Here are a few: 1. Abundant Minerals: Mole burrows contain more minerals than normal soil. This means that molehill mining companies can extract a significant amount of minerals from a single burrow, which can be sold for a substantial profit. 2. Efficient: Molehill mining is also more efficient than traditional forms of mining. Most mining processes require heavy machinery and equipment, which can be costly to operate. In contrast, molehill mining can often be done with handheld equipment, making it a cost-effective and reliable method of mining. 3. Sustainable: Molehill mining is also environmentally sustainable, as it does not require the use of harmful chemicals or other destructive practices. This makes it an ideal choice for those who want to profit from mining minerals while still protecting the environment. Q. What types of minerals can be found in mole burrows? A. Mole burrows are known to contain a variety of valuable minerals, including gold, silver, copper, nickel, and zinc. Q. How do molehill mining companies locate new sites to mine? A. Mining companies will typically use geological surveys, satellite mapping, and other tools to locate areas where molehills are present. In some cases, they may also work with local communities or landowners to locate suitable sites. Q. How do mining companies ensure that the mole burrows are not used by moles during the mining process? A. Most mining companies take precautions to ensure that moles are not harmed during the mining process. For example, they may use humane traps to remove moles from burrows before mining begins. They may also work with pest control experts to ensure that mole populations are kept under control to reduce any potential for harm. In conclusion, molehill mining is an emerging industry that promises to be both profitable and sustainable. As the demand for valuable minerals continues to grow, entrepreneurs and mining companies are increasingly turning to mole burrows as a viable source of these resources. By using specialized equipment to extract minerals from molehills, they are finding an efficient and reliable method of mining that is both environmentally friendly and cost-effective.

Sigmund Freud(1856-1939), founder of psychoanalysis, is one of the most famous thinkers of modern times. But despite (and perhaps because of) his notoriety, his work is frequently encumbered by mistranslations, clichés, and misconceptions. In this landmark assessment of the great theorist, Professor Beverley Clack reveals a more complex Freud than the one with whom we are commonly presented. Casting new light on a man often unfairly derided as obsessed with sex and rigid theory, Clack argues that he was as concerned with “the death drive” as the “sex drive” and that his fierce critique of religion masked a fascination with spiritual, existential, and philosophical questions. Revealing how the work of philosophers such as Schopenhauer and Nietzsche influenced Freud far more than he cared to admit, Clack explains his key ideas and case studies in the context of his eventful life. Including a detailed exploration of hysteria and its foundational role in his theories, this myth-busting introduction is a vital insight into why Freud’s thought is still so relevant today. Freud on the Couch Number Of Pages: 5 September 2013 Beverly Clack is Professor in Philosophy of Religion at Oxford Brookes University. She is the author of Sex and Death: A Reappraisal of Human Mortality.

For more than 2 whole decades, video games have been completely a popular kind of media entertainment that engages and creates durable memories for gamers of all ages. This popularity can be bolstered by recent resurgence of sexy gaming, which usually elicits reminiscence from players. Nostalgia may be a psychological resource that can enhance feelings of well-being and boost psychological restoration from stress. The mental experience of video game nostalgia can be therapeutic, especially for game enthusiasts who are dealing with depressive disorder or stress. The breakthrough of reminiscence in games can be seen when an extension in the traditional idea of games-on-games, which refers to online games that provide a critical view on video game design and development by reimagining past forms, styles, and styles filehipposoftware.net/best-streaming-service-2021 (Dyer 2007). For instance, Braid uses the idea of pastiche to imitate a string of past videogames, while Homesickened (Figure 2) strives designed for an authentic period audiovisual production and gameplay design, whilst problematizing reminiscence itself through imitation of historic hardware limitations. Nostalgia is a mental phenomenon that can be triggered by a variety of numerous stimuli, including music, movies, trend, food, and other artifacts through the past. Nevertheless , studies have demostrated that games are an apt elicitor of nostalgia since they require digital worlds having a history.

Scientists temporarily attached a pig’s kidney to a human body and watched it begin to work. The feat represents a small step in the decades-long quest to one day use animal organs for life-saving transplants. Surgeons at NYU Langone Health attached the pig kidney to blood vessels outside the body of a deceased recipient so they could observe it for two days. The kidney did what it was supposed to do and didn’t trigger rejection. Dr. Robert Montgomery, who performed the procedure in September, told The New York Times that the kidney started functioning normally almost immediately, making urine and the waste product creatinine. The Times reports the kidney was obtained from a pig that was genetically engineered to grow an organ that was unlikely to be rejected by a human recipient. Experts say the test done last month paves the way for the first experimental pig organ transplants in living people in the next several years. According to The Times, a steady stream of these organs would offer a lifeline to the more than 100,000 Americans who are currently waiting for a transplant. That includes over 92,000 who need a kidney.

(also emoji, pictograph, smiley, ideograms) Emoticon is a small icon that represents a wide range of concepts, including feelings and symbols within a text message. Emoticons are widely used in various forms of electronic communication. They have spread from social media platforms like Instagram and Facebook to enterprise tools like Slack. Visual and logical sizes of emoticons vary between cell operators. However, they are commonly drawn on a 12 x 12 pixel area, taking 2 bytes of space when communicated. There are 176 emoji characters/symbols to choose from in their base form, with an extra 76 available on phones supporting C-HTML 4.0. Emoticon works with Gmail and can be used on most new smartphones, including the iPhone and Windows Phones. Functions of emoticons: - They introduce humor within a text message. - People can express themselves more with their usage. - Communication beyond words, often to emphasize a point in a text. Benefits of using emoticons: - A better way to connect with people. Emoticons appeal to digital users but also help companies make online engagement more “human.“ Companies utilize emojis to replicate face-to-face conversations. - Improve communication. It’s hard to tell the tone of a smartphone message or social media post. Emoticons provide context and show a person’s feelings when typing. - Drive responses. Emoticons typically elicit responses from others. Emoji “reactions“ on several social networking platforms enable users to express their feelings without words. - Demonstrate personality. Emoticons add a lighthearted dimension to businesses in a world where consumers have a hard time trusting impersonal firms. - In 1995, Le Monde announced Alcatel’s BC 600 phone introduction. Its “welcome message“ was a computerized smiling face instead of text. - In 1999, NTT DoCoMo’s I-mode mobile platform Shigetaka Kurita produced 176 emojis. They were meant to simplify electronic communication and make the service distinguishable. - In 2001, The Smiley Company (a brand licensing company that holds the rights to the “smiley face”) released The Smiley Dictionary. The desktop platform lets people write and email with emoticons. The MSN Messenger smiley toolbar had many symbols and smileys.

The presence of harmful bacteria in hospital water systems poses a serious risk to the health of patients and requires careful management to avoid an outbreak of related illnesses. Even if a hospital has not previously had any problems with water-based bacteria, there is no guarantee that this will always be the case and can even lead to complacency. Biofilms forming in water systems can result in the presence of harmful bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Legionella pneumophila, which present the greatest dangers for immunocompromised patients and can lead to severe illnesses such as pneumonia and Legionnaires’ disease. Yet eliminating bacteria from water systems in hospitals is unrealistic and not all bacteria are harmful to humans. The challenge is ensuring that risks are minimised for patients from water systems. “You’re not going to find bacteria-free water systems. But once it gets into the building, it can become a problem. And that’s any building, but especially hospitals,” says Marissa Khoukaz, Medical Prefiltration Product Manager for Pall Corporation. Some waterborne pathogens may be more common in particular regions around the world than others, which gives hospital authorities some indication of the potential bacteria present. In less developed countries, water quality standards may not be monitored, regulated or treated with chemicals or filtration upfront, while rundown infrastructure can exacerbate matters. However, the issue of harmful bacteria in water systems is not confined to older hospitals or poorly maintained infrastructure. There are also documented reports of harmful bacteria in new buildings in the Western world. Pipes may have been checked for leaks on installation, but there can still be issues of stagnant water within due to the lack of flow early on. And despite the risks of bacteria being typically higher in warmer conditions, there remain hazards that need managing in colder temperatures. Furthermore, some waterborne pathogens can be transmitted by skin contact and aerosols. And Khoukaz believes that waterborne pathogens are an overlooked area of concern in healthcare globally. “Water is considered less of a problem depending on where you are in the world,” she says. “There’s more attention paid to inhaling via aerosols. That’s really because Legionella has been such a focus, its primary method of infecting a patient is via inhaling aerosols and getting into the lungs. “But some of those pathogens can be transmitted and contracted from water to the skin and vice-versa.” Avoiding mistakes in water safety Looking for an immediate fix for hospital water systems without addressing the underlying issues is unlikely to result in long-term benefits and only lead to recurring problems. Some hospitals may use disinfectants to treat water systems. While this can result in short-term relief, it does not fully remove biofilms. “There are a lot of studies that point to the fact that a one-time, high dose of chlorine in the system does help immediately,” adds Khoukaz. “But because there’s still biofilm in the pipes, that biofilm just reproduces and can become a problem again afterwards.” Furthermore, bacterial biofilms can quickly grow and reproduce, which can result in a major incident if not correctly managed. “Once you have bacteria that are adhered to the walls of the piping, that biofilm – depending on what it’s composed of – can reach maturity relatively rapidly. It’s typically a matter of days, weeks, or sometimes months,” adds Khoukaz. “But the process starts as soon as the water is in a pipe. Bacteria will grow on any surface if it’s given enough time.” Hospitals must understand their water systems and plumbing to identify potential areas at risk. Any changes to pipework also pose potential water safety hazards. For example, if the piping has been changed and water no longer flows along a certain section it used to, then there is a risk of a dead-end and nowhere for existing water within that space to go. Or if a previously used tap or shower is out of use, there is a risk of bacteria developing. Both these examples provide opportunities for stagnation and biofilm to build up and bacteria to spread into other parts of the water system. And while water sampling is useful, it can be misleading and should not be solely relied upon as proof of safety. “There tends to be a bit of an overreliance on that data. You may run a test for Legionella or another pathogen Pseudomonas and it comes up negative. And so, you think you don’t have a problem. The thing about water samples is that they are a snapshot in time,” says Khoukaz. “Water sampling is good practice as data over time, but it shouldn’t be the sole reason for implementing or not implementing procedures to manage the water.” Immediate protection for hospital water systems To keep the risk of waterborne pathogens as low as possible, hospitals need multiple modes of monitoring and control measures. These may include water sampling, flushing routines, filters, and disinfection. As Khoukaz explains, hospitals must understand their technologies and avoid an over- dependence on one solution. “There’s a risk with not understanding the technology and how it performs best, at what water temperature or pH level. Does it perform differently if there’s a lot of particulate or debris in the water? Things like that really impact how well and how healthy your system will be with those control measures in place,” says Khoukaz. “You don’t want to just rely on only one solution because it’s likely not reducing risk enough for all the patient populations in the hospital.” Pall’s Point-of-Use Water Filters provide immediate protection from water systems contaminated with waterborne pathogens. The company’s sterilising grade filters are all subject to American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) tests to prove their effectiveness against bacteria. Filters in the Pall-Aquasafe™ and Pall QPoint® Point-of-Use ranges can be fitted on taps or showers within minutes, trapping all waterborne microorganisms within the filter matrix while allowing water to flow through and stopping bacteria from being released back into the system. Pall’s water filters are suitable for use with the standard surface disinfectants widely used throughout hospitals. Rather than placing water filters on all taps and showers within a hospital, Pall focuses on protecting patients in the highest risk areas such as intensive care and neonatal units. “As soon as you put a filter on at that tap or shower, you’re producing bacteria-free water,” adds Khoukaz. “If you have a filter on all the taps in a hospital unit, and that’s the only way that water is getting to the patient, then you’ve effectively eliminated that as a transmission source for infection.” Pall’s specialists can provide expert advice and support for building operators seeking to improve the safety of their water systems. To find out more about more, download the document below.

Why do you think there is a discrepancy in the policy response to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 among different countries in the world? Different nations across the globe have handled the corona pandemic differently, hence the difference in the number of new cases and deaths. After its first case in Wuhan China, nations did not take the virus to be a matter of urgency and ignored undertaking measure s that would prevent the virus from spreading from China to the rest of the world. They hence opened their borders and allowed persons to interact freely without any precautionary measures that would help combat the virus. After the fast spreading of the virus, there was an urgency to develop bestpolicies that would help tackle the pandemic. Various nations developed differing policies, each to protect its citizens. The most hit country then, China, Hard hit cities like Wuhan, where the outbreak began, decided to go into a complete lockdown. As a result, millions were forced to work from home and self-quarantine. The persons who broke these rules were detained. As much as these measures were drastic, they appear to have paid off, since the situation in the city is lowly stabilizing in mainland China and the cases declining per day. However, many heads of states, particularly in Europe, failed to come up with such stringent measures that could prevent the spread of the virus into their nations. Countries such as Italy and Spain continued to allow for free movement of people and jetting in international flights, where the cases of the virus began to gradually increase to date when there have been more numbers of deaths reported as compared to China where the virus started. Initially, the heads of states from various countries were expected to converge and develop a central policy that would deal with the pandemic (Zhang et al., 2020). However, this did not happen, where each nation decided to have its policies and approaches. Some of these nations, such as Italy, have been unable to reduce the spread of the virus. This is mostly due to the very high number of cases, which are seen to overwhelm the health workers and facilities. Some policies set by the governments have faced resistance from citizens, where this opposition has put many in danger of contracting the diseases. Other nations are also unable to deal with the handling of citizens, mostly in the event of locking down entirely. Italy has been forced to go to total lockdown after the cases soared up, and the number of deaths surpassed that of China. The shutdown involved the evacuating of town streets, closing down businesses, and all 60 million people urged to stay indoors. However, some countries have experienced challenges in ensuring that people stay indoors and keep up with the set regulations in place, where they have faced high levels of rejection (Zhang et al., 2020). Disobedience of these stringent measures could be associated with issues such as staying indoors without working, enough amenities, or socializing for an unspecified period, where it is uncertain when the levels of the COVID-19 virus spreading will be sufficiently minimized or done away with. 2- What factors and/or characteristics might be responsible for this discrepancy? Multiple factors may have contributed to the discrepancy in the policy response by different nations across the globe. One major factor is the preparedness of various nations to encountering the pandemic. In the case of China, the country was late to contain the virus in December, hid the virus spread to the globe, and denied that the corona Virus would be a threat to the world. As a result, some of the nations were caught unaware by the pandemic prior to developing stringent policies that would help in fly preventing the virus from spreading. A second factor that may have led to the discrepancy in the policies was the greed and lust of some of the world’s political leaders. After the World Health Organization provided funds, some of these leaders were eager to have a share of the money, rather than using it to effectively combat the virus. They hence loosened the policies set for them to have access to the funds. After the donation is made, they end up inappropriately handling it and fraudulently acquiring funds. Thirdly, is on the issue of developing nations relying on developed countries for resources such as tourism, which is a source of foreign income. They also depend on nations such as China and India for supplies and raw materials for various development projects. Therefore, they barely imposed policies that could refrain guests from the ailing countries, which ultimately led to more spread of the virus. Imposing laws that could handle the virus was therefore not undertaken accordingly, leading to more spread of the COVID 19 virus in a majority of these nations. Religion is also another factor that led to the discrepancy of policies amongst nations in the efforts of combating the COVID 19 virus. According to philosophers, religion is the opium of the poor. It is also a factor that sees a high number of believers interacting in the name of offering prayer and sacrifices to their ancestors. Through religion, some people, tend to plead for a libation to cleanse the pandemic, which unto many believers, its believed to be a curse such as India. They resulted in religion instead of developing the best measures that could scientifically get to deal with the virus or prevent spreading among the citizens. Lastly, the economic crisis is another factor f that may have led to the discrepancy (Sahin, 2020). In consideration of the financial crisis of 2008, a higher number of countries are there shunning away from closing down their premises, an action that enhances social gathering, which is one route of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 virus spread. 3- Which country (or countries) do you think have a better policy response to the Coronavirus Disease 2019, and why? The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is one of the great examples of a country where the Ministries of Health and Interior have undertaken best measures strategies to reduce down the pandemic. There has been the incorporation of modern technology in the country, which involves the use of the E-learning technology system that applied for teaching. Moreover, technology applicability in Saudi Arabia has aided in the tracing the individuals who have had any contact with the infected individuals. Another measure by Saudi Arabia has been to lock down all the boundaries and routes for their respective countries, where all the flights have been blocked from getting into the country blocked from landing in these two countries. Other measures undertaken by the Saudi Government include advocating and enforcing social distancing and also ensuring that there is the enhancement of the utility payment to ensure that no citizen will be negatively affected economically (Guan et al., 2020). Nevertheless, negligence, as experienced in nations such as Italy, has seen the problem rising to a fatal stage, where the government is seen to be running out of control.

The Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission (PHMC) is the official history agency of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Created in 1945, we are responsible for the collection, conservation, and interpretation of Pennsylvania's historic heritage, which we accomplish through the Pennsylvania State Archives, The State Museum of Pennsylvania, the Pennsylvania Trails of History (historic sites and museums), the Pennsylvania State Historic Preservation Office, and the Bureau of Management Services. The PHMC works in partnership with others to preserve the Commonwealth's natural and cultural heritage as a steward, teacher and advocate for the people of Pennsylvania and the nation. The PHMC enriches people's lives by helping them to understand Pennsylvania's past, to appreciate the present, and to embrace the future. The PHMC was created by Act No. 446, approved June 6, 1945, amending the Administrative Code. The legislation that describes the powers and duties of the Commission is Title 37, Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes commonly referred to as the "Pennsylvania History Code". - We collect, safeguard and share our state's most treasured documents and objects. - We teach Pennsylvania history to children and adults because informed citizens are the bedrock of democracy. - We promote economic development by protecting and repurposing Pennsylvania's historic buildings. - We help create vital places to live and work by protecting the uniqueness of Pennsylvania's distinctive communities. - We save tax dollars by helping state and local governments manage their records efficiently. - We protect basic legal rights of Pennsylvanians by safeguarding property and legislative documents. - We attract tourists to Pennsylvania’s historic sites and museums.

The range of periodical cicadas, Magicicada spp. (Figure 1), covers most of the United States east of the Mississippi River and includes Kansas, Oklahoma, Missouri, Texas, Arkansas and Louisiana. Periodical cicadas lay their eggs on numerous tree species, favoring oaks, hickory, honeylocust, hawthorn, dogwood, apple, peach, pear, elm, ash, walnut and sycamore. Conifers appear to be free of attack. Egg slits on twig. Lee Jenkins Slide Collection The adult female cicada uses a sawlike ovipositor to cut through the bark of twigs and branches, preferring those less than 1 inch in diameter, and forms a pocket in the wood where she inserts her eggs (Figure 2). She then will move forward, cutting a new pocket, and lay more eggs. This process may be repeated several times and may produce a continuous slit along the length of the twig. Leaves of the attacked branch can wither and turn brown, and smaller infested branches may break off the following year. Such damage can be serious to young transplanted trees in nurseries and orchards. Cicadas are heavy-bodied, wedge-shaped insects that have large compound eyes and membranous wings held rooflike over the body. Periodical cicada adults range from 0.75 to 1.5 inches in length. They have a brownish-black body, unspotted from the top, and reddish colored eyes, legs and wing veins. They have a 13-year or 17-year life cycle. After hatching, the nymphs drop from the twigs to the ground, enter the soil and begin feeding on sap from the roots. A nymph will remain underground at a depth of 2 to 18 inches until it is ready for its last molt. Before its final molt to the adult stage, the nymph will emerge from the ground, leaving a finger-sized round hole, and climb up the trunk of a tree, fence post or side of a house and attach itself with its claws. The exoskeleton will split down the middle of the back and the adult will gradually pull itself free, leaving the cast skin still attached to the substrate. The adults can live from five to six weeks. Occasionally, the cicada nymph, just prior to its emergence, will construct earthen chimneys or towers above the soil surface. These towers are about 2--4 inches tall with a diameter of about 1.5 inches and are sealed at the top. This occasional tower-building habit of the nymph appears to be influenced by shallow soil, the proximity of the nymph to the surface, conditions of unusual warmth which brings the nymph prematurely to the soil surface, or excessive soil moisture. One may find a cicada tower surrounded by holes from which individuals emerged without making a tower. Male periodical cicadas will begin "singing" shortly after their emergence (from late-May to early-July). This song, a mating call that is different for each species, is a rhythmical shrill that is produced by two drumlike membranes on the sides of the first abdominal segment. During outbreak periods the cadence of the male chorus can be quite loud and incessant. The singing begins at dawn and ceases at evening. As the temperature rises during the day the volume of the singing also increases. There are two common types of cicadas in Missouri, the dog-day cicadas and the periodical cicadas. Dog-day, or annual cicadas are larger than periodical cicadas. They are blackish in color with a greenish margin to the wings and lighter markings on the thorax and abdomen. Their life cycle lasts from two to five years but, because of overlapping generations, some adults appear every year (usually July through September). The song of dog-day cicadas is similar to that of periodical cicadas but has less variation in the notes. There are six species of periodical cicadas, three with a 17-year life cycle and three with a 13-year life cycle. Broods of cicadas (or groups of individuals that hatch/mature at about the same time) emerge in different years and have different geographic ranges. The 13-year cicadas are generally found in the southern United States and the 17-year cicadas in northern states, but there can be overlap and both life-cycle types may occur in the same woods. Table 1 shows the occurrence and state distribution of the periodical cicada in Missouri. Occurrence and distribution of the periodical cicada in Missouri. - Young trees can be covered with cheesecloth or mosquito netting during the egg-laying period (six weeks after start of male singing). This prevents the female from ovipositing on the twigs. Make sure the netting is tied to the trunk of the tree beneath the lower branches. - Bands of sticky adhesive on burlap strips around the base of the trunk will trap the emerging nymphs as they crawl up the tree (mid-May to late-June). The trapped nymphs can be removed each morning. - Prune out and destroy young twigs that have been damaged by egg laying. Do this within a four to six week period after eggs are laid. This will prevent newly emerged nymphs from reaching the ground. - During outbreak years, tree planting should be delayed until the fall or the following spring. - For ornamentals, apply carbaryl (Sevin) to host plants susceptible to attack during the egg laying period, repeat the process every 7-10 days. For fruit trees in commercial orchards, the following insecticides are labeled for periodical cicada: esfenvalerate (Asana) and carbaryl (Sevin) - Enns, Wilber R. 1964. Periodical cicadas — Brood size, damage and control in Missouri. Proceedings of the North Central Branch, Entomological Society of America 19:139--141. - Froeschner, 1952. A synopsis of the Cicadidae of Missouri (Homoptera). Journal of the New York Entomological Society 60:1--14. - Marlatt, C. L. 1907. The Periodical Cicada. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bulletin number 71. - Periodical Cicadas: 17-Year Locusts. 1971. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Leaflet number 540.

- Research news Retroviruses reinfect humans Genome Biology volume 4, Article number: spotlight-20040324-01 (2004) There are 98,000 human endogenous retroviral (HERV) sequences in the human genome, most inactivated by mutations. A new study in the March 22 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences reveals that this large number of insertions is most likely the result of germline reinfection rather than retrotransposition or complementation. "What we think is really happening is that in the past 30 million years, there have been very many of these elements, not fixed but just present in a small number of individuals," said Robert Belshaw, from the Department of Biological Sciences, Imperial College London, and lead author of the study. These would have been infecting and moving about, possibly between individuals, but certainly within individuals, from somatic cells back into germline cells. Periodically, one would pick up a mutation that would stop it from moving about. "Once dead, there would be no selection against it from the host. They're just a bit of junk, and they could then drift to fixation by chance," Belshaw told us. "The idea which some people had held was that a lot of these elements, although they come originally from viruses, had actually spread around the genome by mechanisms other than virological ones," said John M. Coffin, professor of molecular biology and microbiology at Tufts University's Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences Investigating the most recently active family, HERV-K (HML2), Belshaw and colleagues report that endogenous viral sequences in the genome comprise dead viruses that have drifted to fixation by chance and represent fallout from a 30-million year-old persistent infection by retroviral elements. They used data mining techniques to reconstruct the ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous changes (dN/dS), and the acquisition of stop codons, during the evolution of HERV-K (HML2). The team showed that all genes have been under continuous purifying selection. "Purifying selection is the selection against mutations that arise because they confer some disadvantage to the organism or virus or whatever carries them," said Coffin, who the journal lists as an editor of the paper. In every round of replication, a number of mutations will appear, and if deleterious, that virus will be selected against, so that the population remains 'pure.' "This means that these genes must have been important in the process by which they are moved from one part of the genome to another, suggesting that there has been an important role in replication," said Coffin, who was not involved in the study. The evidence for purifying selection implies that viral replication "wasn't by intracellular odd-ball gene rearrangement mechanisms," he said. "These HERVs are present in all of us, and clinicians and scientists are trying to associate these viruses with particular diseases," said Paul N. Nelson from the Department of Biomedical Science at Warwick University. He added that the problem has been that when molecular techniques are used to detect the virus, apparently "everybody's got them." Nelson, who was not involved in the study, suggests that the work shows that there is an opportunity for these viruses to proliferate within an individual. "That means that some individuals may have higher levels, or more numbers, of these viruses than others. That's an important finding, because it's this individuality that I think is the key thing," he said. HERV-K has been implicated in rheumatologic diseases, and this factor could then account for particular HRVs being associated with disease, he told us. "You've got a large population process going on. Periodically, one of the dead products gets fixed in the genome, and we've inferred it all from these dead products. What's really going on is, I think, more interesting. It's not simply a few copying events of elements within germline cells," said Belshaw. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, [http://www.pnas.org/] Robert Belshaw, [http://www.bio.ic.ac.uk/dept/welcome.htm] John M. Coffin, [http://www.tufts.edu/sackler/facultyIntros/coffinJ.html] Many human endogenous retrovirus K (HERV-K) proviruses are unique to humans. Paul N. Nelson, [http://www.wlv.ac.uk/science/biomedical/] About this article Cite this article Holding, C. Retroviruses reinfect humans. Genome Biol 4, spotlight-20040324-01 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1186/gb-spotlight-20040324-01

Over the years, healthcare has changed for the better and this evolution can be attributed to the changing face of healthcare facilities fostered by the latest technological advancement. Regardless of whether it is addressing an epidemic or endemic, technology has played a crucial role in determining the threats, survival rates, and most importantly, the prognosis of various ailments. In this write up, we will find out how technology is changing the face of healthcare around the globe. Given below are few points that clearly imply the same. Internet as a storehouse of medical information Increasingly, it is being observed that more and more people are turning to the virtual world for information pertaining to medical science. The internet has become a source of information related to symptoms, prognosis, risks, complications, causes, treatment procedures, surgery, and follow up treatment. However, it may be mentioned here that internet can certainly not substitute the knowledge of a doctor but unlike yesteryears, when patients were totally in darkness, these days, you can expect most of the patients to be well informed and aware of what is next in the course of treatment or at least what to expect when a patient is suffering from an illness. Thanks to tech to us support offered by technology. Improved treatment with latest technology Unlike yesteryears, the methods of treatment were restricted to only a handful of treatment procedures. Recently, regardless of whether it is an MRI, X-Ray, Ultrasonography, or Electrocardiogram, increased precision in results can be attributed to the improving technology. Latest equipments ensure test results are accurate and error free. Aside from treatment procedures, latest medicines are being invented each year with the help of advanced technology. This has in turn made the lives of patients much easier and people tend to suffer less. Not only that even surgeries that used to be painful and time consuming earlier have now become less painful and there are many such surgeries that are least invasive/non-invasive. Healthcare providers are better equipped Regardless of whether it is the doctors or the nurses, these healthcare professionals derive a lot of benefit from tech support as they use handheld devices. As such, they are able to stay connected with their respective hospitals and their team of doctors and administrators even while they are on the move. The medical history of patients, accurate administration of medicines, and keeping record of the vital parameters of the parameters of the patients is facilitated by the use of mobile databases used by the hospitals. In this way, doctors as well as patients remain connected 24X7. Improved testing procedures With the help of Tech to Us support and latest technology, the tests that are carried out in the laboratories are carried out using the latest apparatus and equipments. Most importantly, unlike yesteryears, when the time taken for the results to be furnished was longer, these days the test results are out mostly within a day due to the presence of latest equipments and appliances. Due to the presence of round the clock surveillance cameras, patient safety is ensured. Not only that even doctors and nurses are safer. You will find cameras at every corner of the hospital wards, at the help desks, outside cabins, at the cash outlets, enquiries, and driveways. Thanks to the improving technology that can also enable certain doctors to stay connected face to face with their team of junior doctors. Doctors learn from case studies Earlier the source of knowledge of doctors worldwide was their medical text books, journals, and medical publications. However, due to the presence of the virtual world, doctors are in a better position to study case studies from across the world and improve their own skills.

Hunter-gatherers, the Ishango people knew their environment very well and only travelled a limited distance because resources were so abundant. Amongst the remains found in the banks of the lake, there were many fish bones, but also mammal bones such as the hippo, warthog, otter, buffalo and several species of antelope and birds such as the ibis, the pelican, the spatula and many others. In terms of animal protein, there was something for everyone! Millstones and grindstones were also found at the site. These would have been used to crush and grind vegetables. The bones also had traces of incisions and cutmarks, clearly demonstrating that there was human intervention and that they ate the meat from the bones.

Hearing loss is a common health issue that affects millions of people worldwide. It can occur at any age and can have a significant impact on one’s quality of life. However, the good news is that hearing loss is preventable and treatable if recognized early. It is crucial to recognize the signs of hearing loss as soon as possible to seek appropriate treatment. Ignoring the symptoms can lead to further deterioration of hearing and affect daily communication, relationships, and overall well-being. Signs Of Hearing Loss Here are some common signs of hearing loss that you should be aware of: Difficulty understanding conversations If you find yourself frequently asking people to repeat themselves or have difficulties following conversations when more than one person is speaking, it could be a sign of hearing loss. Turning up the volume If you constantly increase the volume of your television, radio, or phone to hear better, it could be a sign of hearing loss. Muffled or distorted sounds People with hearing loss may have difficulty distinguishing between similar-sounding words or find that certain sounds are unclear. This is the perception of ringing, buzzing, or other noises in the ears, often associated with hearing loss. Difficulty hearing high-pitched sounds High-frequency sounds like birds chirping or a telephone ringing may become difficult to hear for individuals with hearing loss. Difficulty understanding phone conversations Hearing loss can make it challenging to understand and follow phone conversations, especially if there is background noise. It is worth noting that these signs can vary depending on the type and severity of hearing loss. If you experience these signs, it is crucial to schedule an appointment with a hearing professional for further evaluation. Hearing health can Tips for Preventing Hearing Loss Preventing hearing loss is largely about being mindful of your environment and taking proactive steps to protect your hearing health. Here are some practical tips: Avoid Loud Noises: Prolonged exposure to loud sounds is one of the most common causes of hearing loss. Try to limit your time in noisy environments or use ear protection when unavoidable. Use Ear Protection: If you work in a noisy environment or frequently attend concerts or events with loud music, consider investing in earplugs or noise-canceling headphones. Keep the Volume Down: When listening to music or watching television, keep the volume at a comfortable level. Remember, if others can hear your music while you’re wearing headphones, the volume is probably too high. Get Regular Check-ups: Regular hearing checks can help diagnose any issues early, making them easier to treat. Consider scheduling a hearing test if you suspect any changes in your hearing. Follow a Healthy Lifestyle: Regular exercise, a healthy diet, and refraining from smoking can all contribute to better overall health, including your hearing. If you are worried about your hearing, seek professional advice sooner rather than later. Early intervention is key to preventing further hearing loss. Total Hearing Centre: Your Partner in Better Hearing At Total Hearing Centre, we understand the impact of hearing loss on our daily lives. That’s why we offer comprehensive hearing evaluations and personalized treatment plans to help you regain your quality of life. Our team of experienced audiologists will work with you to find the best solution for your specific needs. Don’t let hearing loss affect your life any further. Call to book an appointment or explore our locations and take the first step towards better hearing! So, if you or a loved one are experiencing any of these signs, don’t hesitate to seek help from our team at Total Hearing Centre.

The impact of cattle farming With over a billion cows populating our planet and thousands of years of bovine breeding, how is the world changing? (Image source: Pixabay) Cows have been providing products for us for millennia, and are more useful to us than any other farm animal. We encounter cow products every day, whether that’s eating a beef burger, putting milk in our tea or wearing a leather jacket. Widespread across the globe, cow species have been bred in vast numbers, with unique characteristics to suit their environment and cater for the world’s population. Their incredible versatility makes them a staple of our diet, contributing to around 24 per cent of all meat consumption. Approaches to cow farming differ greatly depending on location, as well as the conditions cows face. As the world’s biggest dairy producer and consumer, India is home to millions of sacred cows. They roam the streets in the subtropical heat and provide products to the people. Meanwhile, winters are so long and hard on one Russian dairy farm that the farmer provides cattle with a taste of the ultimate paradise: cows on this farm wear virtual reality headsets that project scenes of lush pastures and balmy sunshine. The Moscow farm adopted this approach after research showed a link between a cow’s emotional experience and the quality of its milk production. Animal agriculture has come a long way – especially for cattle. The abundance of bovines we see in our fields today are the result of thousands of years of breeding. Originally stemming from a group of as little as 80 animals, this drastic increase in population has inevitably impacted the environment over time. But is this for the better or worse? The environmental consequences of cattle farming range from the detrimental effects on the ozone layer that a billion cows passing digestive gases has to the change in landscape and removal of trees in the creation of farm-friendly areas. Cattle farming generates income for millions of farmers, though many aim to achieve more sustainable farming. A useful by-product of cattle, manure can be used as fertiliser, soil amendment and even for construction. High in nutrients and energy, it is valued as a renewable source on many farms. In more recent times, the industry has been put under more scrutiny than ever before as people question the impact of dairy farming and its significant contribution of greenhouse gases. As the world’s population continues to increase, food production also rises. Environmentalists continue to analyse the impact of our food sources – and animal agriculture is in the spotlight. This article was originally published in How It Works issue 134, written by Ailsa Harvey For more science and technology articles, pick up the latest copy of How It Works from all good retailers or from our website now. If you have a tablet or smartphone, you can also download the digital version onto your iOS or Android device. To make sure you never miss an issue of How It Works magazine, subscribe today!

Teachers are increasingly moving from low-income to more affluent schools, from majority-minority to low-minority schools, and from urban to suburban schools (Ingersoll & Merrill, 2010). For various reasons, more minority teachers are working in predominately White, suburban schools. Black and Brown teachers often face unique challenges when working in more affluent and predominantly White schools. Teachers who value social justice and equity can find themselves among the minority when working in predominantly White and affluent schools. Also, many majority teachers believe strongly in restorative practices and wish to advocate for social justice and equality. However, these teachers may observe and experience situations, policies, or procedures that disenfranchise children and youth from historically marginalized groups. What, then, can minority and socially just teachers do in their pursuit of social justice? Based on our recent interviews with minority teachers working in affluent, low-minority schools, we offer these six tips: We encourage you to find other like-minded educators who also believe in the importance of promoting social justice and equity. Finding other allies creates opportunities for encouragement and camaraderie among colleagues. Carter (2007) described counterspaces as safe physical spaces where same-race individuals gather to share and express their concerns, frustrations, and experiences of racism and discrimination. Teachers reported that being given the opportunity to share their thoughts, feelings, and experiences with someone who understands their point of view helped to decrease their level of stress (Young, 2018). Be aware that: In stressful workspaces, it is easy to lose sight of why we became educators in the first place. Staying focused on students and their equity needs is an important part of our job. For minority and social-justice educators operating in predominantly White and affluent schools, the most formidable obstacle is often people who are in positions of authority. Identifying these people will help you to effectively prepare to advocate for social justice and equity. In order navigate these obstacles: One of the most beneficial things we can do to support equity in our schools is to show up, be present, and lend our voices to the conversation. We have a duty to examine common school practices through an equity lens. When discovering inequitable practices, work with like-minded colleagues to develop plans and procedures that foster more equitable practices. When at the table: Before you take care of anyone else, you must take care of yourself! To be an advocate, you must balance your own personal health needs with those of the demands of your calling. Be sure to: In their efforts to advance social change in the schools, we recommend teachers carefully consider these six tips. We believe that they can help teachers make positive changes so that schools are a place where all students and employees are respected and valued. By Natalie Young and Greg Conderman Dr. Young is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Special and Early Education at Northern Illinois University. She enjoys researching and sharing best practices on engaging young culturally and linguistically diverse students. Dr. Conderman is a Professor in the Special and Early Education Department at Northern Illinois University. His research interests include co-teaching and effective instructional methods. Carter, D. J. (2007). Why the Black kids sit together on the stairs: The role of identity-affirming counter-spaces in a predominantly White high school. The Journal of Negro Education, 76(4), 542–554. DeCuir-Gunby, J. T., & Gunby Jr, N. W. (2016). Racial microaggressions in the workplace: A critical race analysis of the experiences of African American educators. Urban Education, 51(4), 390–414. Ingersoll, R., & Merrill, L. (2010). Who’s teaching our children? Educational Leadership, 67(8), 14–20.

Osaka City University detects cancer cells in 2ml blood samples and connects them back to their origin tumor — creating a new diagnostic tool that may aid in quicker and more accurate anti-cancer measures Credit: Masakazu Yashiro, Osaka City University FGFR2 and gastric cancer Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 is a protein that aids in the growth of new cells. So, for example, FGFR2 helps repair injuries by aiding in the growth of new tissue cells in the affected area. What FGFR2 does not do however, is tell cells to stop growing. FGFR2 is like a mindless robot that does the same job over and over again, even if that job is no longer needed. This means sometimes FGFR2 continues churning out new cells beyond their need, i.e. even after the injured area has been repaired, at which point these cells form tumors and turn into cancer. When the tumor saps all the resources from its surroundings, FGFR2 is activated and new cancer cells are sent down the bloodstream to areas with untapped resources. An “overexpression” of FGFR2 may mean this protein has been activated to make cells to cancerous levels, evidenced in FGFR2 overexpression having a reported 3-10% association with gastric cancers. Why “in the blood” matters Cancer has “heterogeneity” in that it may differ in nature between the primary site and the site of recurrence and metastasis. This makes tracking cancer a game of cat and mouse with a blindfold on. Unless you have access to the molecular structure of the cells passing through the bloodstream, you cannot see where the cancer has spread until its fledgling cells have settled into a new area and grown into an obtrusive tumor. “If circulating cancer cells in the blood can be detected, it will be possible to investigate the characteristics of cancer metastases that are rarely removed, and it will be a useful diagnostic method for selecting molecular-targeted therapeutic agents suitable for the characteristics of each patient’s unique form of cancer”, says lead researcher Masakazu Yashiro, Department of Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University. With his team, they measured the FGFR2 expression level of circulating tumor cells with a FACScan on a 2ml sample of blood periphery to a tumor they had previously assessed the FGFR2 expression level via immunohistochemistry. They found that FGFR2 overexpression in the blood samples was significantly correlated to the FGFR2 expression level of the tumor. “The significantly poorer relapse-free survival of patients with these higher correlations suggests that with this new method of finding FGFR2-positive cancer cells in the bloodstream, scientists can target an existing tumor quicker and with more accurate therapeutic agents”, adds Masakazu. “Inhibitors targeting FGFR2 abnormalities are under development. By successfully identifying FGFR2-expressing cancer cells with a small amount of blood, we expect this tool to contribute to appropriate decision-making on the use of anticancer drugs, such as determining when to start FGFR inhibitors.” We are Osaka City University – the oldest research university in Osaka. With 9 undergraduate faculties and 11 graduate schools all dedicated to making urban life better, energy cleaner, and people healthier and happier, we have won numerous awards and have produced 2 Nobel laureates. For more information, please visit our website at https:/ Related Journal Article

Gurgles, toots, cries, and, grunts. Newborns and infants make a lot of different sounds, and each hit the ear in their own unique way. Cooing tops the list in regard to those sounds that elicit a positive emotional response from parents and is one of the earliest fun sounds that babies make. But when do babies start cooing? When Babies Coo Babies are expected to start cooing at about two months. These are some of the first vocalizations a baby makes that don’t indicate they have a pressing need or are otherwise uncomfortable. As babies learn that they can control their own vocalizations as well as voluntarily move their own lips, they also learn they can control bigger humans. Cooing is simply adorable and bound to elicit positive and pleasing response from any adult within earshot. More than just delightful, cooing is the first stage in a baby’s language acquisition — followed by babbling and eventually recognizable words. Essentially, cooing becomes more complex over time as babies learn to mimic vowel sounds they hear from the adults who care for them. While science hasn’t figured out why babies coo, Mary K. Fagan from the Indiana School of Medicine notes it might be simply because they like to hear themselves. Fagan reached the conclusion while considering babies with cochlear implants for a study published in 2014 in The Journal of Experimental Child Psychology. “Before cochlear implantation, infants with profound hearing loss vocalized significantly less often than hearing infants,” Fagan noted. “However, soon after cochlear implantation, they vocalized at levels commensurate with hearing peers.” What if My Baby Isn’t Cooing? A baby that isn’t cooing may have hearing issues, Dr. Caitlin Raaz, Assistant Profesor of Audiology and Speech-Language Sciences at the University of Northern Colorado. “We always make sure a child has had recent hearing testing when there are speech and language concerns present,” she says. “Even chronic ear infections can lead to issues here. I often describe it to parents as ‘hearing underwater’ because the fluid in the ears can cause speech sounds to be muffled, therefore making them difficult to understand and produce themselves.” What Should I Do When My Baby Coos? When your baby starts cooing, don’t be shy. Warm-up that Roger Rabbit impersonation and start cooing back. Eventually, your baby will start to mimic the cooing sounds you are making, giving you early opportunities for purposeful interaction. If you just can’t bring yourself to that level of silliness, simply talk, sing or otherwise communicate as much as possible in front of your child. Language acquisition is interactive. Cooing is the start of a conversation that could last a lifetime. This article was originally published on

Dysplastic nevus is a pigmented neoplasm of the skin that tends to malignancy. Clinically, it looks like a mole of different sizes with bizarre borders, irregularly colored in brown and black tones. Dysplastic nevus has a flat surface or rises slightly above the level of healthy skin in the center. It does not have a typical localization, limitation of the number of spilled elements. The preliminary diagnosis is made on the basis of examination and dermatoscopy; the final one is possible only taking into account the data of histological examination after radical excision of the tumor. The prognosis depends on the timeliness of diagnosis and treatment. Dysplastic nevus is a non–cancerous tumor that is part of the group of birthmarks that can transform into a malignant neoplasm. The disease has no gender, age differences, is not inherited (only a predisposition to inheritance is transmitted). It occurs in 5% of the white population of the planet. The special significance of melanocytic benign tumors lies in the fact that their individual varieties serve as markers of melanoma when testing patients with precancerous skin, the risk of recurrence of a malignant tumor, helping to identify those who are indicated for preventive therapy. In modern dermatology, there is a whole school engaged in such experiments, the founders of which were scientists from the University of Pittsburgh (USA, Pennsylvania). The essence of the research is the discovery of two specific proteins – markers of melanoma, the most malignant skin tumor. In the process of studying the effect of interferons on the body of patients, it was stated that the high level of activity of STAT1 and STAT3 proteins was associated with the level of activity of moles predisposed to malignancy, the therapeutic effect of interferon therapy was confirmed by adjusting the level of these proteins with high doses of interferons. Dysplastic nevus is the result of local migration of melanocytes under the influence of exo– and endogenous causes that are unclear to the end. The cells that produce melanin, which determines the color of the skin, are contained in the epidermis, dermis. The physiological role of melanin is to protect the skin from excess sunlight. Since the entire skin needs such protection, melanin is distributed evenly in the layers of the skin. However, in patients with a hereditary predisposition to nevus formation, transmitted by autosomal dominant type, during the intrauterine development of the fetus or immediately after birth, there is a directed migration of cells overflowing with melanin. Family dysplastic nevi are formed – millimeter formations that become noticeable during the hormonal restructuring of the body, increasing in size to 5 cm. The occurrence of sporadic moles occurs in a different way. First of all, under the influence of ultraviolet light, which causes a mutation of melanocytes, due to the human papillomavirus, which causes melanocytes to divide at twice the rate. The reason for the growth of melanocytes, their point migration is hormonal restructuring of the body (pregnancy, puberty). Probably, a certain role in the occurrence of dysplastic nevus is played by a decrease in local and general immunity. Dysplastic nevi are divided into two groups depending on the shape, size, degree of possible malignancy: 1. Sporadic dysplastic nevi – acquired precursors of melanoma: - A typical form is a neoplasm of different shades of brown, rising above the surface of the skin in the center (“fried eggs”): minimum size (from 1 mm to 1.5 cm), medium size (from 1.5 cm to 10 cm), large size (from 10 to 20 cm), giant size (more than 20 see). - The form of lentigo is a neoplasm of the skin with a flat surface of brown-brown, black color: medium-sized (up to 10 cm), large (up to 20 cm). - Keratolytic form is a neoplasm with a bumpy surface of light brown color: medium-sized (up to 10 cm), large (up to 20 cm). - Erythematous form is a neoplasm in the form of a pinkish birthmark: large (20 cm), giant (more than 20 cm). 2. Familial dysplastic nevi (multiple dysplastic nevi syndrome) is the result of a hereditary predisposition in which all family members, even those who do not have such formations on the skin, are at risk of developing melanoma. - Sporadic (single), acquired form, increasing the risk of malignancy of the nevus by 7-70 times: dysplastic nevus without malignancy into melanoma (type A); dysplastic nevus with malignancy into melanoma (type C). - Hereditary-familial form is the result of the transmission to relatives of the possibility of melanocytic dysplasia under the influence of UFOs: dysplastic nevus without malignancy into melanoma (type B); dysplastic nevus with malignancy into melanoma (type D 1); dysplastic nevus with malignancy into melanoma (type D 2) – nevus occurs in 2 or more family members, the risk of melanoma increases 1000 times. Clinical manifestations occur on unchanged skin. The basis of dysplastic nevus is the accumulation of a large amount of melanin in the upper layers of the epidermis, dermis, usually after hyperinsolation. The pigment spot may be the only one, may be accompanied by a rash of new spots (from one to several hundred). The shape of the dysplastic nevus is always incorrect, the borders have bizarre, fuzzy contours. Since the accumulation of melanocytes on the entire surface of the spot is heterogeneous, the color is correspondingly mottled: where there is little melanin, light brown shades prevail, where there is a lot of dark brown, black. It is believed that the color of the mole characterizes the degree of its possible malignancy: the darker the nevus, the greater the probability of its malignancy. Dysplastic nevus can have a flat surface, bumpy, rise above the skin only in the central part, where the nodule is located. Dysplastic nevus differs from other “relatives” by its initially large size (up to 1.0 cm), non-standard localization on the chest, buttocks, scalp, the ability to appear throughout a person’s life. There are no subjective symptoms. The clinical diagnosis, assumed on the basis of a consultation with a dermatologist and the results of a dermatoscopy, must necessarily be confirmed by a biopsy of the cutaneous element. It can be puncture, when a limited area of the nevus is taken with a special needle under local anesthesia, or total – it is carried out for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, removing the tumor completely under anesthesia. A distinctive histological feature of dysplastic nevus is its ability to chaotic growths in the epidermis and dermis (atypical proliferation of melanocytes). An alternative method of diagnosis is considered cytological examination of cell scraping or smear-imprint from the surface of the tumor. In difficult cases, immunohistochemistry is connected – the most reliable method of biopsy examination, which allows to identify the phenotype of the tumor. Dysplastic nevus is differentiated with other benign neoplasms, Dubrey’s melanosis, melanoma. Since dysplastic nevus is a transitional form between a benign tumor and malignant melanoma, it is extremely important to know the first signs of its malignancy. Any growth of a dysplastic nevus is a reason for immediate treatment to a dermatologist; itching, the appearance of a pink border on the periphery of the mole, a change in the color of the neoplasm, a seal of healthy skin located next to it, an asymmetric surface of the tumor itself are the first indications of malignancy of the process. Treatment and prevention Treatment consists in radical removal of skin neoplasms, depends on the timeliness of treatment, completeness of examination, interpretation of the results by a dermatologist. Before removal, the nevus is examined in the rays of a Wood lamp in order to accurately determine the boundaries of the removed area of the skin, to avoid relapse. If there are single dysplastic nevi on the patient’s body (both new and old), they are removed by a specialist with subsequent follow-up throughout life. Multiple nevi are not subject to radical excision. Patients are prescribed applications of 5% fluorouracil with a preventive control examination every 6 months (especially pregnant women, during hormonal adjustment, taking oral contraceptives). It is possible to prescribe a course of interferon therapy. There is no specific prevention, you should be careful about staying in the sun. To prevent malignancy, a regular examination by a dermatologist is necessary every 6 months. Early detection of melanoma is a guarantee of life preservation. The prognosis depends on the stage of the process and hereditary predisposition.

In Kerala, India, a previously neglected river that was biologically “dead” has since been revived, thanks to the combined efforts of the state government, a village council, and the river’s surrounding communities. The Kuttamperoor River, a 7.4-mile tributary of the Pampa and Achencoil rivers, had long been a life-sustaining source for drinking water, irrigation of paddy fields, work for hundreds of fishermen, and transport of goods, The Hindu reported in April. That was, until years of pollution, encroachments, and neglect took their toll. By 2005, the river had “died a slow death” as its flow width had vastly dwindled from around 330 feet to under just 50 feet in some areas. The situation was so dire that wells dried up at numerous points. Fast forward two decades later: the Kuttamperoor has expanded to almost 165 feet — around the width of a football field. Per The Hindu, the remarkable transformation was first embarked upon in 2011, although it would take another five years to get the project truly moving. “I never thought Kuttamperoor [would] come to life again,” a man named Rajeevan, who grew up near the river, said in 2017, per The Hindustan Times. Roughly 700 villagers devoted approximately 30,000 hours to the initial cleanup of the river, according to Good News Network, which involved removing entangled aquatic weeds and man-made waste in two months. This initial phase was led by Budhanoor panchayat, per The Hindu. The Kerala government then took over, and via its Major Irrigation Department, proceeded to remove encroachments, deepen the channel, and construct embankments. Landowners along the river cooperatively provided some of their land for the purpose of supporting the renovation efforts by expanding the river’s banks. Nowadays, freshwater fish have since been spotted in the Kuttamperoor once again, and officials anticipate that the river’s remarkable restoration will help control flooding and boost tourism in the area. “When water scarcity turned unbearable, we decided to revive the river. Initially many discouraged us saying it was a mere waste of money and energy,” said Budhanoor panchayat president P Viswambhara Panicker, The Hindustan Times reported. “But we proved them all wrong.” Similar efforts have also been directed toward other major rivers of the world, like India’s Ganges and the Thames in England. The organization RhineCleanUp — devoted to the cleanup of Europe’s rivers — first turned its attention toward the heavily-polluted Rhine in 2018. It has since expanded, tending to the restoration of 21 others, and has to date collected more than 1,000 tons of garbage. According to the organization, plastic waste in the planet’s oceans will be more plentiful than the fish population by the year 2050, and they estimate that 8 billion kilograms are being dumped every year. The group decided to focus its environmental restoration efforts on rivers due to the fact that 70% of the plastic in oceans arrives there via rivers. Just this month, the Port of London Authority launched the Clean Thames Manifesto, which is a “large-scale project to clean up the River Thames in London,” according to the BBC. The group monitors the condition of approximately 95 miles of the Thames. As part of the project, three major water companies have pledged to accelerate their work to meet specific pollution targets. Port of London Authority Chief Executive Robin Mortimer acknowledged that while the group has made “much progress” in recent years, “much more still needs to be done.” But that progress is both undeniable and inspiring. The Independent reported in April 2022 that the Thames is considered to be “one of the world’s cleanest rivers” — a particularly remarkable feat given that 60 years earlier, it was declared “biologically dead” by scientists. This is proof that there’s hope yet for not only Kerala’s Kuttamperoor River, but also for the planet at large.

The world's first hydroelectric power station was put into operation on the Fox River in a small American town of Appleton, Wisconsin. A local paper manufacturer Rogers became the American pioneer of hydro-construction. Forty years before the GOELRO plan, he installed a dynamo, which was set in motion by a water wheel, and received the number of kilowatts necessary to illuminate his house, the factory and neighboring buildings. The innovation was a success: newspapers wrote about it, and the process, started by a progressive American papermaker, went on, especially in our country: Dnieper, Volga and Yenisey villages shared the fate of Atlantis, i.e., plunged into the depths of water, and a new proverb appeared in Siberia: lit. the deeper you go into the woods, the more hydroelectric plants there are (Rus. Chem dalsche v les, tem bolsche GES).

Nutritious tips for healthy teeth: - Drink plenty of water. - Eat a variety of healthy food from the 5 major food groups. - Limit snacks and drinks high in sugar. - Cut down on snacking between meals. - Eat fiber rich raw food, which massage the gum and clean the teeth. - After eating citrus fruits or juices, rinse your mouth with water, as the acids present in them weaken enamel. - Avoid sipping sugary drinks, it is best to drink quickly than have continuous exposure to your teeth.

Llanthony Priory was a monastery of Augustinian Canons nine miles south of Hay-on-Wye. St. David is said to have lived in the area as a hermit, but this tradition lacks confirmation. The story of the Priory is that around the year 1100 the ruins of a chapel and cell, supposed to have been that occupied by St. David, were discovered by a retainer of Hugh de Lacy, Baron of Herefordshire, named William. He thereupon decided to quit the world and become a hermit himself. He was later joined by Ernisius, chaplain to Queen Maud, wife of Henry I. These two anchorites became famous and their story reached Baron de Lacy, who in 1107 founded and endowed a monastery for them, dedicated to St. John the Baptist. The rule of the Canons Regular of St. Augustine was adopted. In the course of time, the severity of the climate, the poverty of the soil, and the persecution of the Welsh natives combined to make life there impossible. In 1134 the entire community, numbering about forty, abandoned the monastery and took refuge in the palace of Robert, Bishop of Hereford. After two years a new monastery was built for them near Gloucester by Milo, Earl of Hereford, which was called Llanthony Secunda. Only a few canons lived from time to time in the original monastery, and both houses were governed by one prior, who resided at Gloucester. The buildings at Llanthony fell gradually into decay and passed into private hands when Henry VIII dissolved the monasteries in 1539. In 1807 the property was bought by Walter Savage Landor. It still belongs to his descendents, the habitable portion of it having been added to and converted into an inn during Queen Victoria’s reign. The church is in ruins, but the western towers, part of the central one, and some of the nave piers and arches are standing. Here are a few pictures of Llanthony Priory taken today, 11 July 2011: And this is the Inn built into the Priory ruins by the Landor family: There is also a functioning Anglican Church in Wales parish church on the site of the Priory, St. Davids, Llanthony. The structure first seen in this picture is a cottage attached to the church, presumably intended to be the vicarage: This is the interior of the church: Notice the pulpit … it is built into the wall and cannot be accessed from the congregation’s side of a wall and arch that separates the congregation from the choir and chancel. I entered the pulpit through this door. I almost couldn’t fit in and getting back out was a really spine-bending challenge! All things considered, it was a good day in Wales. After visiting the parish church, I made my way back to the B&B in Hay-on-Wye by way of a “single track lane with passing areas” about which I’ve written earlier.

Screening tests detect cancer’s hidden warning signs long before symptoms appear and when the disease is most treatable. Understand your screening needs and complete the cancer screening and prevention questionnaire to manage your cancer risk.Learn more The cause of neuroendocrine tumors remains unclear, and so strategies to prevent the disease are difficult to conclude. However, certain known genetic and medical conditions are associated with several cancer types, including NETs. These include: - Genetic syndromes such as MEN type 1, MEN type 2 and Von Hippel-Landau syndrome - Genetic disorders associated with multiple tumors, such as tuberous sclerosis and neurofibromatosis - Conditions that affect stomach acid, such as atrophic gastritis, pernicious anemia and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome If you have one of these risk factors, your doctor may watch you closely. If your risk appears to be extremely high, your doctor may choose to remove an organ, such as the thyroid, to prevent a neuroendocrine tumor from growing there. It’s important to know your family’s cancer history and discuss it with your doctor. Certain cancer types and patterns of cancer in your family may indicate you should consider genetic screening to learn whether you have an increased risk for cancer. Understanding how a cancer begins and grows is an important first step toward fighting and preventing it. But for rare cancers like NETs, research advances are more difficult because scientists have far fewer cases to study. In establishing the Neuroendocrine Tumor Biobank, Roswell Park aims to assemble the nation’s largest collection of NET cases — including biospecimens, such as tumor and blood samples plus patient medical and lifestyle information — to speed NET-focused research and lead to new treatment and preventive strategies. Learn how you can be a part of the Roswell Park Neuroendocrine Tumor Biobank.

Financial modeling is an important part of any startup business plan, helping entrepreneurs make sound decisions and plan for the future. There are various forms of financial modeling used in business and each has different strengths and weaknesses. Let's explore these different types of financial modeling used in the startup financial projection. A. Introduction to Financial Modeling Financial modeling is the process of creating a numerical representation of a business’s financial performance. It is used to analyze competing companies within the same industry, compare different financial scenarios, and predict the results of future business decisions. Financial modeling can also help entrepreneurs determine the risks and rewards associated with potential investments. By utilizing financial models, entrepreneurs can make decisions that are best for their business in the long run. B. Overview of the Different Types of Financial Modeling Used There are several types of financial modeling used in the startup financial projection. These include: - Pro forma financial statements: Pro forma financial statements are used to make predictions about the future of a company’s finances. This type of model is useful in budget planning and forecasting. - Discounted cash flow: This type of model is used to estimate the value of a business based on its future cash flows. This type of model is used to analyze the risk associated with investments. - Risk modeling: This type of model is used to identify and analyze potential risks associated with different business decisions. By using this model, entrepreneurs can plan for unexpected events and minimize the impact of potential risks. - Monte Carlo simulations: This type of model is used to run multiple scenarios and simulate different outcomes. It is useful when dealing with highly variable or unpredictable variables. - Financial modeling is an important part of any startup business plan. - Common types of financial modeling include pro forma financial statements, discounted cash flow, risk modeling, and Monte Carlo simulations. - Financial modeling can be used to analyze competing businesses, compare different financial scenarios, and predict the results of future decisions. - Using financial modeling helps entrepreneurs make better decisions in the long run. Overview of Financial Modeling Financial modeling is the practice of creating a model of a financial situation to analyze, forecast and report the future performance of a business, project, or other investment. At its most basic, financial modeling is the process of taking the financial history of a business, such as revenue, costs, expenses and taxes, and using that information to predict the company's financial performance in the future. Definition of Financial Modeling Financial models are quantitative representations built using spreadsheet software and techniques, such as Microsoft Excel and Google Sheets, to simulate the financial performance of an entity. Financial models are also used to present information in a standardized and organized fashion so that stakeholders and audiences can quickly understand the financial implications of decisions. Financial models can be tailored to an entity's specific needs and include details such as cash flow projections, work capital management and pricing based on market conditions. Benefits of Financial Modeling Financial modeling helps businesses and investors understand the financial impacts of their decisions. Financial models can provide a deeper insight into the financial situation of a business, allowing for more accurate predictions, and better decision-making overall. Through financial modeling, businesses can access expected costs, revenues and cash flows and utilize them to conduct variance and sensitivity analysis. Financial models also aid startups in developing and understanding financial projections, aiming to create detailed and realistic scenarios. - It allows businesses to anticipate the consequences of their decisions. - It enables startups to create detailed financial projections. - It allows investors to assess a companies’ long-term financial health. - It helps companies analyze the risks and rewards of their investments. - It provides insight into cash flow and liquidity. Financial modeling is a process used to make informed decisions by using mathematics and other analytical tools on available historical data. The model should be tailored to the organization in question, allowing for an accurate prediction of future financial scenarios. When creating a financial model for a startup, the type of model used depends heavily on the industry and the goals of the company. Regardless of the type of model needed, any financial projection must consider revenue models to be complete. A revenue model is essentially how the organization will generate money. It outlines the core sales or services that the company will offer. It should be noted that revenue models are not the same thing as pricing models. Revenue models are used to calculate the potential of the organization to make money, while pricing models dictate the cost of said services or products to the customer. An organization can employ more than one revenue model within their financial projections, depending on the number of offerings they have. Examples in the Startup Context Revenue models can range from the very basic to the very complex. The most basic model is a single-revenue model. This is where the company has a single core product or service with a single price that they sell. This is the most straightforward and most common type of model for startups. More complex models, such as a multiple-revenue model, involve offering different products or services at different prices. An example would be a digital marketer offering both SEO and email marketing services at different rates. Role in Financial Projections When creating a financial projection for a startup, the revenue model is the most important element. This model will dictate how much money the company can generate, as well as understanding how different factors such as pricing or promotions can affect this. Without a comprehensive, accurate revenue model, the financial projections cannot be trusted. It is essential to build a model that accurately represents the offerings and pricing of the company. - Revenue model must consider potential number of offerings and pricing models of the company. - The model should outline the core sales or services that the company will offer. - It determines the potential of the organization to make money and should be accurately represented in the financial projections. Cost modeling is a tool used to analyze and quantify the tangible cost of a project over its expected life cycle. This type of modeling is especially important in the startup context, where organizations are limited in resources and must overdeliver with limited capital. Cost modeling helps a startup to define the expected financial returns on their investments while also providing them with the understanding of where and when to allocate resources. Cost modeling is the practice of quantifying the value and timeline of costs associated with a project over its expected life cycle. This practice helps to determine the most cost efficient and rewarding way of allocating resources for an entrepreneurial project. Additionally, it helps to provide an understanding of the financial return associated with the project, allowing a startup to make the most of its resources. Examples in the Startup Context Cost modeling is paramount for entrepreneurs who want to maximize their return on a particular project. A few examples of how cost modeling can be used in the startup context include: - Optimizing marketing spend - Minimizing employee costs - Understanding the costs associated with launching a new product - Predicting labor costs associated with scaling a new business Role in Financial Projections Financial projections rely on models to accurately forecast the potential cost of a project and/or investment. Cost modeling is essential as it allows an investor to discover the expected cost of a project and understand the associated return on investment. This information can then be used to make an informed decision on whether or not to proceed with a venture. Cash Flow Model A cash flow model is a projection of a company’s expected cash inflows and cash outflows for a specific time period (e.g. monthly or yearly). It is used to assess a company’s ability to generate cash to meet its financial obligations, as well as to evaluate the financial goals of a company. Examples in the Startup Context In the startup context, cash flow models can be used to create financial projections and give a more accurate idea of the company’s future cash position. For instance, startups can use cash flow models to evaluate their potential capital needs, identify sources of investments, and manage their cash flow. Cash flow models can also be used to estimate the potential effect of changes in customer demand or new pricing structures on the company's expected cash flow. Role in Financial Projections In financial projections, cash flow models are used to make estimates and assumptions about the future of a company's cash flow. This is done by taking into account all of the company’s current and expected future sources of cash (such as sales and investments). This information is then used to create financial projections, which can be used to evaluate the long-term viability of a startup, as well as the potential impact of potential investments or changes in customer demand. The information obtained from a cash flow model can be used to make informed decisions about the future of a company. Cash flow models provide a great deal of insight into the financial state of a company, and can be used to identify areas for improvement or potential problems. By taking into account all of the cash inflows and outflows, a cash flow model can provide a realistic picture of a startup’s expected financial health. Valuation is a financial method used to assess the value of a company or asset. It is a process of determining the economic value of a business or asset by estimating the potential market value of its components. As such, it is a cornerstone of financial projections used in startups. Valuation modeling involves estimating the fair market value of an asset, such as a company, by examining various factors such as the current and future profit, future cash flows and sales figures. Valuation is often done for purposes such as to determine the worth of a potential acquisition, and to value the equity of a business in order to assess the amount of money a company can raise from a fundraising round. Examples in the startup context The two most common approaches to valuation modeling used by startups are the discounted cash flow (DCF) model and the comparables method. The DCF model estimates the current value of a company by forecasting future cash inflows and outflows based on expected growth and cost of capital. The comparables method, also known as a peer comparison analysis, values a startup by analyzing and comparing the market capitalizations of similar companies. Role in financial projections Financial projections are essential reports used to plan and track the financial performance of a business. Valuation models are used in the creation of financial projections to analyze the future value of a business and its financial health. They are also used to assess a startup’s worth to potential investors and inform the price of equity that a company needs to raise in its fundraising rounds. - Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) Model - Comparables Method Financial modeling is an important part of the process when creating a financial projection for your startup. There are a variety of different models available, each of which can provide valuable insights into the finances of a business. By understanding the different types of models and their use, you can gain insight into your own startup's financial health and make more informed decisions about the future of the business. Summary of financial models and their importance in financial projections Financial models are powerful tools used to give an understanding of the financial health of a business. These models provide an understanding of the key components of the business, such as current and past performance, forecast performance, and the potential risks associated with the business. Financial models can provide valuable insights that can help in creating a sound financial plan for the business. Wrap-up of different types of financial modeling used in a startup financial projection The most commonly used financial models for startup financial projections are the top down and bottom up models. The top down model involves forecasting revenues and expenses based on assumptions and market trends. The bottom up model is more detailed and requires more inputs in order to generate an accurate forecast. Additionally, break-even analysis can be used to identify when a business can sustain itself and become profitable. Sensitivity analysis, scenario analysis, and Monte Carlo simulation are also used to provide additional insight into the finances of a business. By understanding the different types of financial models available, businesses can gain insight into their financial condition and make better informed decisions about the future. Financial modeling is a powerful tool and is essential for any startup that wants to maximize their chances of success.

Commentary: Making school and home a science lab for the littlest learners Cindy Hoisington | September 28, 2022 Your donation will help us produce journalism like this. Please give today. The 21st century has launched an unprecedented focus on science and STEM education. In this age of pandemics, climate change, food shortages and other global issues, the country absolutely needs more scientists. However, it’s clear that scientific thinking isn’t just for scientists anymore. Basing decisions on evidence and separating fact from fiction are fast becoming essential skills for succeeding in the workforce and making sound personal and family decisions (Do I still need to wear a mask? Are droughts and fires our new normal? Are genetically modified foods healthy?). Even pre-K, kindergarten and early elementary teachers are now expected to engage their students in doing what scientists do and thinking like scientists think. Research published in the Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society shows that families’ close relationships with their children ideally position them to initiate, support and sustain an early interest in science, science topics and science tools. However, many families, especially those in low-resource communities, lack access to high-quality resources for supporting early science. This creates a science opportunity gap among children even before they enter kindergarten. How can teachers help families support their children’s science exploration and thinking at home and leverage that influence to promote engagement in science at school? A team of educators and researchers at the Education Development Center in Waltham, Massachusetts, in partnership with the Connecticut Science Center and supported by the National Science Foundation, is exploring ways to help teachers do exactly that. In the process, we have found the following four strategies to be instrumental in creating home/school science connections that benefit all young students. Choose topics of study that can be investigated directly at school and at home Subjects such as water, structures and shadows provide a vehicle for long-term investigations at school that connect children to big ideas in physical science. These include how liquids look, move and flow in different situations; how materials and design influence a building’s strength and stability; and how shadows change depending on the position of the light source. Share with families photos and short videos that show what children are doing, saying and thinking during explorations of these topics in school, and include information about how these experiences support learning and development. Encourage families to focus on these same subjects at home during everyday family activities using simple materials — experimenting with water in the bathtub, building with paper cups at playtime, and making and observing shadows part of the bedtime routine. Invite families to take photos and videos that can be sent to school and shared in class. Provide concrete strategies and resources for supporting family science Send home hard copies or links to family tip sheets with information, activities and questions that can stimulate children’s exploration and thinking on different topics. For example, provide simple instructions for supporting shadow play outdoors on a sunny day. Include suggested questions such as: What do you notice about your shadow? How is it similar to/different from you? How can you make your shadow change shape? Ask families to help their children draw and describe their shadows and return the drawings to school for sharing and comparing. Encourage parents to access high-quality publicly available science resources for families, such as PEEP and the Big Wide World and The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About That!. Leverage families’ hidden science expertise Use teacher/parent conferences and social media surveys to learn about families’ work, hobbies or interests that relate to science topics you are planning to cover at school. Do you have parents with knowledge of plumbing, gardening or construction work? Invite them to bring their tools, favorite plants or blueprints with the class. Have them share stories about how they got interested in these topics as children. If face-to-face visits are not permitted, schedule a virtual visit. Interacting with family and community role models who represent various ethnicities, cultures and languages helps children view themselves in a science role. Host a family science event Family science events enable teachers to interact directly with parents and caregivers and to encourage adult/child interaction and conversation. They also provide an opportunity for teachers to model interactions and questions that promote children’s inquiry and thinking. During a structures family event, for example, prepare stations where parents and children can build on the floor with a variety of large building materials, build at tables with manipulative toys and recyclable objects, draw and write about the structures they created together and browse books with building themes such as Brick by Brick and Dreaming Up: A Celebration of Building. Include wordless books such as Changes, Changes that families can talk about in their primary home languages. Talk directly with parents about how these activities benefit children’s cognitive, social-emotional and language development, and share tip sheets for related home explorations. Building partnerships with parents around science can be challenging, especially as teachers, families and schools cope with COVID-related stressors. Try one or two strategies, collaborate with like-minded colleagues and seek support from school administrators to strengthen your relationships with families around science. You will be amazed at the impact even small steps can have on young students, their families and your own science teaching. Cindy Hoisington is a project director at Education Development Center, where she co-leads the Supporting Science Inquiry, Interest and STEM Thinking for Young Dual Language Learners (SISTEM) project, supported by the National Science Foundation.

Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) What are STIs? Sexual transmitted infections (STIs) are infections generally transmitted by sexual contact and are caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites. Some STIs can also be transmitted during pregnancy, childbirth, breastfeeding, and through infected blood or contaminated needles. STIs are very common and complications can result if STIs are untreated, including infertility. The most common STIs are: What are the symptoms of STIs? The most common symptom for STIs is having no sign of symptoms. Those with symptoms may experience one or more of the following: - Unusual discharge from vagina, penis or anus - Pain while urinating - Blisters, sores, warts, lumps or skin growths around genitals or anus - Unusual vaginal bleeding Everyone may experience different symptoms. Some symptoms may appear within a few days of exposure and others might take weeks to appear. If you are unsure, contact your healthcare provider and get tested. Who is at risk? Anyone who is sexually active - including oral, vaginal, and anal sex - is at risk of exposure to an STI. Risk factors can increase if someone has unprotected sex. Those with new or more than one partner have a greater risk of exposure. How can I reduce my risk of getting STIs? The only way to completely avoid STIs is to not have vaginal, anal, or oral sex (abstinence). Other ways to reduce your risk of STIs, and passing them along to sexual partners, include: - Reducing number of sexual partners - Being in a long-term mutually monogamous relationship with a partner who has been tested and does not have a STI - Avoiding sharing needles - Using condoms or other barrier methods (female condoms, dental dams, etc.) correctly each time you have sex - Routinely testing Most birth control methods, such as the pill, intrauterine devices (IUDs), the ring, depo provera (the shot), and diaphragms, do not protect against any STI. If you are using one of these birth control methods, you need to use a condom or other barrier method (female condoms, dental dams, etc.) correctly each time you have sex. Free Condoms Are Available at Our Clinic! Yamhill County Public Health 412 NE Ford Street McMinnville, OR 97128 No need to talk to anyone, just walk up and get what you need. Live in Oregon? Order free condoms and lube through ONE Brand! Where can I test for STIs? There are several locations where you can get tested for a STI: - Yamhill County Public Health - Please call 503-434-7525 to schedule an appointment - Your primary care provider - Urgent care - The emergency department - Online testing resources. Please note that if you use these services, you will need to seek treatment on your own if you receive positive results. Even if you don't have symptoms, it is recommended that you still get tested if you are sextually active, as most people do not show symptoms. How do I notify my partner(s)? There is a lot of misinformation and stigma surrounding STIs and it may be uncomfortable for people to talk about. Telling your partner(s) that you have a STI can be a difficult thing to approach, even if you know it would be the right thing to do. You are able to notify your partners on your own, but if for some reason you do not feel comfortable doing so, there are other options:

Who was Barzillai in the Bible?Barzillai means "iron-hearted" in Hebrew. There are three men named Barzillai in the Bible. Two of them are mentioned in the book of Second Samuel in chapters seventeen through twenty-one, and one Barzillai is mentioned in the books of Ezra and Nehemiah. One man, Barzillai the Gileadite from Rogelim, showed bravery in a contentious situation and loyalty to God's chosen king, David. Another Barzillai, the Israelite from Mehola, showed contempt for that same king by allowing his son to marry the rival king's (Saul's) daughter (1 Samuel 18:19; 2 Samuel 21:8). Thus, not every man lived up to his parents' hopes and dreams as expressed in the meaning of his name. However, the Barzillais in the Bible can be examples from whom readers can learn. Barzillai from Mehola, whose son married King Saul's daughter, may have hoped to gain influence and power or create a legacy by aligning with Israel's first king. However, King Saul broke a generations-long treaty with the Gibeonites and his descendants were executed (which included this Barzillai's grandsons) in order to atone for Saul's sin and bring peace between Israel and the Gibeonites (2 Samuel 21:1–14). Thus, this Barzillai's legacy was a failed attempt to attain lasting power and influence. Conversely, Barzillai the Gileadite from Rogelim showed great generosity and loyalty to King David when he hosted the king and his men when David fled the coup initiated by his son Absalom. At the time when Absalom's power was on the rise and King David was fleeing in disgrace, Barzillai the Gileadite bravely aligned with God's chosen king, David. He was already an aged, wealthy, and influential man (2 Samuel 19:32) and when he saw "the people are hungry and weary and thirsty in the wilderness" (2 Samuel 17:29), he "brought beds, basins, and earthen vessels, wheat, barley, flour, parched grain, beans and lentils, honey and curds and sheep and cheese from the heard for David and the people with him to eat" (2 Samuel 17:28–29). Barzillai generously shared from his bounty to care for those in need. When King David returned to power and offered to repay Barzillai's kindness, Barzillai asked that the reward be given to his servant Chimham who could benefit from the king's attention more than he would himself (2 Samuel 19:33–38). In both instances, Barzillai the Gileadite generously gave away the wealth and influence to which he had access to the people who needed it more than he did. He could have grasped for power the way Barzillai of Mehola did, but instead he lived generously and humbly. This generous attitude left a strong legacy that benefitted Barzillai's descendants, an honor denied to Barzillai of Mehola. When King David gave his final instructions to his son and successor, Solomon, he said, "deal loyally with the sons of Barzillai the Gileadite, and let them be among those who eat at your table, for with such loyalty they met me when I fled from Absalom your brother" (1 Kings 2:7). Later, we learn that one of Barzillai's sons-in-law was so impressed by his father-in-law that he took his name for himself (Ezra 2:61, Nehemiah 7:63). Those descendants then went on to serve the Lord when the Israelites returned to Jerusalem from their exile in Babylon. Thus, Barzillai the Gileadite and his son-in-law had descendants who continued to live in a way that was committed to the Lord even when the situation was less than ideal, just like the original Barzillai's choice to stay loyal to God's chosen king. Every person has the choice to live a life that grasps for power, wealth, and influence or to live a life of humility actively seeking those in need and giving generously at every opportunity. Either choice can have far-reaching effects as younger generations observe these actions and experience their consequences and outcomes. God called the Israelites to live generously commanding, "You shall give to him freely, and your heart shall not be grudging when you give to him, because for this the LORD your God will bless you in all your work and in all that you undertake. For there will never cease to be poor in the land. Therefore I command you, 'You shall open wide your hand to your brother, to the needy and to the poor, in your land'" (Deuteronomy 15:10–11). He calls believers to do the same (2 Corinthians 9:6–15; 1 Timothy 6:18; 1 John 3:16–18). Jesus set the ultimate example of not grasping for power, but instead giving in a self-sacrificial way. "Have this mind among yourselves, which is yours in Christ Jesus, who, though he was in the form of God, did not count equality with God a thing to be grasped, but emptied himself, by taking the form of a servant, being born in the likeness of men. And being found in human form, he humbled himself by becoming obedient to the point of death, even death on a cross" (Philippians 2:5–8). May we live as generously as Barzillai the Gileadite as we continue to allow God to conform us to the generous likeness of His Son. What is the basic timeline of the Old Testament? Why should we read the Old Testament? Why is knowing about the various characters in the Bible important? What does the Bible say about generosity? Who was Uriah the Hittite in the Bible? Truth about People in the Bible

This bird ѕtапdѕ oᴜt whatever he is doing since he is wearing a bright orange waistcoat and a silvery grey cap. Located in temperate Asia, the Daurian redstart (Phoenicurus auroreus) is a tiny passerine bird. It is frequently referred to as “jbitaki” in Japan. The male has a black fасe, orange underparts, dагk wings with a white patch on each, and a silvery grey һeаd and nape during the breeding season. He has an orange rump, a black tail with orange edges, and a brownish mantle. Females are often brownish, but they do have the same Ьгіɩɩіапt tail and wing patch as males. Both sexes have a black beak, eyes, and legs. Daurian Redstarts are migratory birds that migrate from Mongolia and the Himalayas to East Asia. Open woods, woodland edges, and agricultural margins are preferred habitats for this ѕрeсіeѕ. However, it may also be seen often in many home gardens and parks. They don’t get teггіfіed easily, therefore they let people approach pretty close to them before running off. Insects are their major food source, especially during the breeding season, along with berries and seeds. The only thing that is known about these birds’ breeding season is that it takes place in open forests and subalpine regions tһгoᴜɡһoᴜt the summer months. The male is known to be quite territorial and will protect the nesting area. The IUCN does not classify this bird as an eпdапɡeгed ѕрeсіeѕ since it is widespread across its range.

June 14, 2015 June 14, 2015 June 17, 2015 K-12 & Pre-College Engineering 26.363.1 - 26.363.10 Communicating Advanced Manufacturing Concepts to Middle-school Students Using Lego-machines (Work in Progress)In 2011, the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST) identifiedadvanced manufacturing as a key sector for revitalizing the economy and for promoting a cultureof innovation in the United States (US). Following this, several federal programs and initiatives,such as the Advanced Manufacturing Partnership (AMP) and the National Network forManufacturing Innovation (NNMI), have been announced to promote manufacturing research,education and jobs in the United States. While these steps are geared towards enabling a“manufacturing renaissance” in the nation, the high-tech manufacturing sector is faced with aserious shortage of a skilled workforce. This problem is further compounded by the fact that theyouth in the country have a negative perception of the manufacturing industry and are thereforereluctant to pursue education and career opportunities offered by the field. In order to addressthis national crisis, there is a critical need to develop innovative education and outreachprograms that promote a healthy picture of manufacturing in the United States. The use of Lego-based instructional and outreach modules represent one such avenue.In this paper, we report the design and implementation of an advanced manufacturingeducational module that uses Lego-machines to teach critical manufacturing concepts to middle-school students. The module comprises of a hands-on “design-and-build” exercise that allows thestudents to build a three-axis motion platform using Lego components. This versatile motionplatform is then used by the students to experience five advanced manufacturing-relatedconcepts, viz., 1) The engineering-thought process that is required to construct a complexassembly of controllers, gear trains, and Lego bricks; 2) The “art-to-part” creative process thattransforms an idea into a tangible product; 3) the ability to quantify the 3-D space usingcoordinates that dictate the movements of the Lego-machine in space, 4) Cutting tool selectionprinciples that dictate the trade-off between amount of material removed and resolution of finalproduct, and 5) Tolerances and measurements through the use of a metrology end effector onthe motion platform.Multiple variations of the above module have been developed and tested in local middle-schools,with the most popular one being a one-period activity. The paper will present preliminary resultsfrom the assessment data that point to the efficacy of these modules in teaching advancedmanufacturing concepts to the students and in promoting a healthy view of manufacturing in theUS. Given the success of these one-period modules, a teacher-training workshop was alsoconducted to equip middle-school teachers will the skills needed to implement variants of thismodule in their own classroom. The paper will discuss the outcomes of this teacher-trainingworkshop. In addition, the paper will also present ideas on how this concept of pairing thecommunication of advanced manufacturing concepts with Lego-centered modules can bedeveloped into the framework of a curriculum that would meet state educational standards. Nowak, J., & Kaczmarek, D. A., & Herkenham, E. S., & Samuel, J. (2015, June), Communicating Advanced Manufacturing Concepts to Middle-school Students Using Lego-Machines (Work in Progress) Paper presented at 2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition, Seattle, Washington. 10.18260/p.23702 ASEE holds the copyright on this document. It may be read by the public free of charge. Authors may archive their work on personal websites or in institutional repositories with the following citation: © 2015 American Society for Engineering Education. Other scholars may excerpt or quote from these materials with the same citation. When excerpting or quoting from Conference Proceedings, authors should, in addition to noting the ASEE copyright, list all the original authors and their institutions and name the host city of the conference. - Last updated April 1, 2015

1. In the 1400s a law was set forth in England that a man was allowed to beat his wife with a stick no thicker than his thumb. Hence we have ‘the rule of thumb.’ 2. Each king in a deck of playing cards represents a great king from history: Spades – King David, Hearts – Charlemagne, Clubs -Alexander the Great, Diamonds – Julius Caesar 3. In Shakespeare’s time, mattresses were secured on bed frames by ropes. When you pulled on the ropes the mattress tightened, making the bed firmer to sleep on. Hence the phrase……… ‘goodnight, sleep tight.’ 4. It was the accepted practice in Babylon 4,000 years ago that for a month after the wedding, the bride’s father would supply his son-in-law with all the mead he could drink. Mead is a honey beer and because their calendar was lunar based, this period was called the honey month, which we know today as the honeymoon. 5. In English pubs, ale is ordered by pints and quarts… So in old England , when customers got unruly, the bartender would yell at them ‘Mind your pints and quarts, and settle down.’ It’s where we get the phrase ‘mind your P’s and Q’s’ 6. Many years ago in England, pub frequenters had a whistle baked into the rim or handle of their ceramic cups. When they needed a refill, they used the whistle to get some service. ‘Wet your whistle’ is the phrase inspired by this practice. 7. In 1696, William III of England introduced a property tax that required those living in houses with more than six windows to pay a levy. In order to avoid the tax, house owners would brick up all windows except six. (The Window Tax lasted until 1851, and older houses with bricked-up windows are still a common sight in the U.K.) As the bricked-up windows prevented some rooms from receiving any sunlight, the tax was referred to as “daylight robbery”! Now, there you have the origin of these phrases.

foundations for a life well lived About the Course Seven lessons promoting discussion on – Religion and the Spiritual Life; Karma; Reincarnation; Education and Art; Consciousness and Meditation; Dharma and Morality; Pleasure and Pain; Happiness and Sorrow; plus a concise biography of Annie Besant. One of the great public intellectuals, Annie Besant (1847-1933) was an activist, a social reformer, a journalist and a Theosophist. She was widely admired for her courage and sensitivity, as well as her great integrity and compassion. Her contribution to social justice was praised by George Bernard Shaw, Jawaharlal Nehru, M.K. Gandhi and many others.

Art museums in America offer visitors a fascinating journey through the country’s rich and diverse artistic heritage. From ancient Native American artifacts to contemporary masterpieces, these cultural institutions showcase the evolution of American art over centuries. Exploring the history of American art museums provides a deeper appreciation of the country’s artistic traditions and achievements. The first art museum in America, the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, was established in 1805 in Philadelphia. It was founded by artists and art collectors with a vision to promote the fine arts in the United States. Over the years, many other art museums were established across the country, each with its unique collection and focus. One of the most famous art museums in the United States is the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City. Founded in 1870, it houses an extensive collection of American art, including paintings, sculptures, decorative arts, and textiles. The museum’s American Wing showcases the evolution of American art from the colonial period to the present day, providing a comprehensive overview of the country’s artistic history. Another notable institution is the Smithsonian American Art Museum in Washington, D.C. Established in 1829, it is home to one of the largest and most comprehensive collections of American art in the world. The museum’s collection spans from the colonial era to the present day and includes works by renowned American artists such as Thomas Cole, Georgia O’Keeffe, and Edward Hopper. In addition to these major art museums, there are numerous smaller institutions across the country that focus on specific periods or movements in American art. For example, the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York City is known for its collection of 20th-century American art, while the Art Institute of Chicago has an extensive collection of American folk art. Art museums also play a crucial role in preserving and promoting American art. Many institutions actively collaborate with artists, scholars, and collectors to acquire and exhibit significant works of art. They also organize educational programs, lectures, and exhibitions to engage the public and foster a deeper understanding and appreciation of American art. Art museums in America also contribute to the country’s cultural identity and are a source of inspiration and creativity for artists and art enthusiasts. They provide a platform for artists to showcase their work and for the public to explore and learn about their country’s artistic legacy. Visiting American art museums is a rewarding experience that offers insight into the country’s artistic heritage and the diverse cultural influences that have shaped American art. Whether it’s the works of the Hudson River School painters, the Abstract Expressionists, or contemporary artists, these museums provide a window into the evolution of American art and the stories it tells about the American experience. So, whether you’re a local or a tourist, exploring the rich history of American art museums is a journey well worth taking.

The prehistoric Lascaux cave, in the Dordogne Region of Southwestern France, is world-renowned for its miraculous array of cave paintings featuring animals, people and abstract patterns that date back around 17,000 years. First discovered in 1940 by a group of teenagers and their intrepid dog, the cave was first opened to the public in 1948. It quickly gathered huge attention from tourists around the world, who flocked from far and wide to catch a fascinating glimpse of prehistoric history estimated to be from the Upper Paleolithic Period. Such was the cave’s popularity, approximately 120,000 visitors flocked here every year. But in 1963, the Lascaux Cave closed its doors to the general public, and became a protected UNESCO World Heritage Site under close surveillance, with steel doors and security cameras. But why? Read on to find out more. The Lascaux Cave Was Showing Rapid Signs of Deterioration Sadly, the Lascaux Cave had begun to show significant signs of deterioration in the short few decades following its discovery. Visitor numbers had shown a sharp increase during this time, and researchers had to surmise that the damage was caused by the commercialization of the space, its artificial lighting conditions and the sheer number of visitors making their way into a cavernous underground space that had previously been shut off from the world for many thousands of years. Visitors Caused Microbiotic Contamination At its peak during the 1960s, the Lascaux Cave paintings experienced more than 1,500 visitors every day. The amount of heat, humidity and microbes brought into the space during this time was so significant, it led the cave’s natural ecosystem to become out of balance, leading to signs of deterioration, along with green mold, white fungus, and later black fungus. This imbalance forced the Lascaux Cave to close its doors to the general public for good. The funguses were subsequently treated with fungicides and antibiotic compresses, and UNESCO placed the site on its ‘World Heritage in Danger’ list. Get the latest articles delivered to your inboxSign up to our Free Weekly Newsletter Today, the air temperature is tightly monitored with minimal intervention, and any form of visitation or intervention is kept to the barest minimum. So far, no new signs of damage have appeared, and the funguses have begun to retreat, but sadly, signs of damage to the pigmentation of the paintings are still visible. Fading Caused by Artificial Lights Another trigger for the damage to the Lascaux Cave paintings was the stark artificial lighting installed during the 1940s, which would once have allowed visitors a clear view of the breathtaking wall paintings. But over time the paintings began to show signs of fading and discoloration, which many believe was caused by this stark and unnatural lighting. Today, the cave is tightly preserved in complete darkness, while the small number of visitors granted access – those carrying out research or maintenance work – must wear sterile whit overalls, latex gloves and shoe covers, and can only view the paintings with the tiny glimmer of an LED forehead lamp. An Artificial Replica Was Built In 1983, an exact replica of the Lascaux Cave was opened to the public, titled Lascaux II, set on top of the hill near where the original cave was found. Many thousands of visitors made their way here to experience some of the magic surrounding these prehistoric artefacts without inflicting further damage onto the original wall paintings, which remain cloaked in darkness and secrecy. In 2016, a new replica, titled Lascaux IV, was opened to replace Lascaux II. The latest cave model is adjacent to the original cave and offers an even more authentic experience than Lascaux II, with changes in air pressure, along with a series of atmospheric cave scents and sounds.

Ariel’s Department of Education pioneered the “Robotics from Kindergarten to University” program in 2013. The project has grown by leaps and bounds ever since. Each year, science teachers at each of Ariel’s kindergartens, elementary schools, middle schools, and high schools teach age-appropriate lessons to their students about robotics. Students then attend workshops at Ariel’s community Science and Art Building to see their lessons come to life. Each workshop is tailored to the students’ differing grade levels; after twelfth grade, continuing students are offered the chance to complete a technical two-year degree in Robotic Engineering using credits they have accrued from the program. The program aims to encourage Ariel children to study science and technology, educate them about the amazing technological advances happening right now in the hi-tech world, and bring academic research into the world of practical application. The program has been highly successful – and has gained the notice of Israel’s Ministry of Science. Ariel’s K-12 Robotics Program is now being used as an experimental model for a potential nationwide program which would use the same principles to boost Science and Mathematics scores for children struggling in STEM subjects through the engagement of hands-on learning. The project is truly paving the way for the next generation of Israel’s technological leaders. Album Not found

What Is Inflammation? Inflammation is a natural response by your immune system to defend and heal your body from harmful stimuli or injuries. There are two types: acute, which is short-term and triggered by physical trauma or pathogens, and chronic, which develops slowly and is associated with long-term diseases. Chronic inflammation is particularly concerning as it is linked to various health conditions, including diabetes, arthritis, and heart disease. Diagnosing Chronic Inflammation Although there are no definitive tests for chronic inflammation, two common markers are C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen levels. These tests can provide insight into the overall extent of inflammation in the body, although they are usually conducted after another medical condition has been diagnosed. Eating the Anti-inflammatory Way Switching to an anti-inflammatory diet can offer numerous health benefits, regardless of whether you have a specific inflammatory condition or not. Anti-inflammatory foods are not only nutritious but also delicious, making them a sustainable choice for long-term health. The key is to gradually increase consumption of anti-inflammatory foods while reducing intake of pro-inflammatory ones. Foods That Increase Inflammation Certain foods can exacerbate inflammation and should be limited or avoided. These include added sugars, artificial sweeteners, artificial colors, flavors, preservatives, red and processed meats, trans fats, saturated fats, and omega-6 fats. Reading food labels can help identify hidden sources of these inflammatory ingredients. Foods That Reduce Inflammation On the other hand, incorporating more anti-inflammatory foods into your diet can help combat inflammation and promote overall health. These include fruits and vegetables, whole grains, healthy proteins like fish and beans, anti-inflammatory snacks, monounsaturated fats from sources like olive oil, and green tea. Supplements to Reduce Inflammation In addition to dietary changes, certain supplements may aid in reducing inflammation and mitigating the risk of chronic diseases. Curcumin, ginger, garlic, vitamins C and D, omega-3 fatty acids, and green tea extract are among the top choices. However, it’s essential to consult with a healthcare professional before adding new supplements to your routine, especially if you’re already taking medications. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) 1. What exactly is chronic inflammation? Chronic inflammation is a prolonged immune response that can last from months to years. It is associated with various diseases and health conditions, including diabetes, arthritis, and heart disease. 2. How can chronic inflammation be diagnosed? While there are no definitive tests for chronic inflammation, common markers include C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen levels. These tests can provide insight into the overall extent of inflammation in the body. 3. What foods should I avoid to reduce inflammation? To reduce inflammation, it’s advisable to limit or avoid foods that increase inflammation, such as added sugars, artificial sweeteners, processed meats, trans fats, and omega-6 fats. 4. What foods can help combat inflammation? Incorporating anti-inflammatory foods into your diet can help combat inflammation. These include fruits and vegetables, whole grains, healthy proteins like fish and beans, and monounsaturated fats from sources like olive oil. 5. Are there any supplements that can aid in reducing inflammation? Yes, several supplements may help reduce inflammation, including curcumin, ginger, garlic, vitamins C and D, omega-3 fatty acids, and green tea extract. However, it’s essential to consult with a healthcare professional before taking new supplements. 6. Can dietary changes alone help manage chronic inflammation? Dietary changes can play a significant role in managing chronic inflammation. By adopting an anti-inflammatory diet and avoiding pro-inflammatory foods, individuals can often reduce inflammation and improve their overall health. 7. What are some practical tips for transitioning to an anti-inflammatory diet? Start by gradually increasing the consumption of anti-inflammatory foods while reducing intake of pro-inflammatory ones. Reading food labels, meal planning, and experimenting with new recipes can make the transition easier and more enjoyable.

The History of Limoges Boxes Limoges boxes are miniature, hand-painted porcelain boxes that originated in the city of Limoges, France. The art of creating these exquisite boxes dates back to the 18th century when the rich deposits of kaolin clay were discovered in the surrounding area. The fine quality of this clay made it ideal for creating porcelain, and soon, the artisans of Limoges began producing delicate and intricate pieces. Looking to delve further into the topic? Limoges boxes, external material we’ve put together for you. The Manufacturing Process The process of creating a Limoges box involves several meticulous steps. It requires great skill, attention to detail, and a deep understanding of the art form. Here is an overview of the manufacturing process: 1. Shaping the Porcelain The first step is to shape the porcelain into the desired form of the box. This is done by pouring liquid porcelain into molds, which are carefully crafted to achieve the desired shape and size. 2. Firing and Glazing Once the clay is shaped, it is fired in a kiln at extremely high temperatures. This firing process hardens the porcelain and prepares it for glazing. After firing, the boxes are coated with a glaze, which gives them their characteristic smooth and glossy finish. 3. Painting and Decoration One of the most crucial and intricate steps in creating a Limoges box is the painting and decoration. Skilled artists meticulously hand-paint intricate designs and scenes onto the surface of the box using tiny brushes and vibrant, finely-ground pigments. The designs often depict floral motifs, landscapes, animals, or even famous works of art. Multiple layers of paint are applied to achieve depth and detail. 4. Finishing Touches Once the painting is complete, the box is fired in the kiln for a second time to permanently set the paint. After the final firing, the box is carefully inspected for any flaws or imperfections. If necessary, it undergoes a polishing process to enhance its shine and beauty. Craftsmanship and Collectability Limoges boxes are highly regarded for their exceptional craftsmanship. Each box is a unique work of art, handcrafted with precision and care. Due to the intricate and time-consuming process involved in their creation, Limoges boxes are highly collectible and often considered valuable heirlooms. Collectors admire the artistry and attention to detail that goes into each box. Some collectors focus on acquiring boxes painted by specific artists or boxes that feature rare or unusual designs. The value of a Limoges box can vary depending on factors such as the complexity of the painting, the reputation of the artist, and the rarity of the design. Modern Trends in Limoges Boxes While traditional Limoges boxes often feature classic designs and motifs, there is also a growing trend towards modern and contemporary interpretations. Some artists experiment with unconventional shapes, vibrant colors, and abstract designs, pushing the boundaries of this ancient art form. These modern Limoges boxes appeal to collectors who appreciate both the traditional craftsmanship and the innovative spirit. Caring for Your Limoges Box To ensure the longevity and beauty of a Limoges box, it is important to handle and care for it properly. Here are a few tips: The Beauty of Limoges Boxes Limoges boxes are not just decorative objects; they are pieces of art that blend history, craftsmanship, and beauty. Whether you are a collector or simply an admirer of fine art, the creation of a Limoges box is a testament to the skill and dedication of the artisans behind it. From the shaping of the porcelain to the intricate painting and meticulous finishing touches, each step in the process contributes to the creation of a unique and treasured piece. As you hold a Limoges box in your hands, take a moment to appreciate the centuries-old tradition that brings such beauty into the world. It is a reminder of the power of art to transcend time and connect us with the rich heritage of human creativity. Uncover more information about the subject by checking out this recommended external website. Limoges boxes https://limogesbox.com! Expand your knowledge by visiting the related posts we recommend:

Last Updated on January 21, 2024 by Ossian Muscad Every day, workers face a variety of hazards in the workplace. Among these are biological hazards, which can present a serious risk to employees’ safety and health. Every workplace is filled with biological hazards, and as an employer, you are responsible for ensuring that your employees are protected from these dangers. Unfortunately, without proper knowledge and safety solutions, determining and eliminating these hazards can be hard. If left unchecked, biological hazards can seriously threaten your entire company. That’s why it’s worth delving into this issue and understanding what biological hazards are, their different types, some common examples, and how to create a safe workplace for your employees. This article will discuss these topics to equip you with the necessary knowledge to keep your workplace safe. What are Biological Hazards? Biological hazards, or biohazards, are agents that can cause harm to humans, animals, or the environment. It pertains to any biological materials, including plants, animals, and their by-products or microorganisms that threaten the health of humans and animals. These hazards can come in many forms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and toxins. Biological hazards can cause illnesses, from minor skin infections to life-threatening diseases. They can be found in nature, or they can be created in a lab. It’s essential to handle potential biohazards with extreme caution as they can potentially cause harm that can be fatal in certain circumstances. Biological hazards are found in workplaces such as healthcare facilities, laboratories, and industrial plants. In some cases, biological hazards, such as water or soil, may be present in the environment. Workers can also be exposed to biological hazards through contact with infected animals or people. Since biohazards are everywhere, it’s essential to be familiar with them to know how to address potential risks your employees may face. In addition, employers need to establish safety guidelines to protect their employees from these hazards while on duty. 4 Types of Biological Hazards Biological hazards are among the most common workplace safety concerns. These hazards are classified into four major types or categories that can help employers identify potential hazards and determine the appropriate safety measures. These categories include the following: Biological agents include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microorganisms that can lead to harm through infection, allergy, or toxicity. These agents can be naturally occurring or artificially created and are commonly found in healthcare settings, laboratories, and even offices. For example, workers in a healthcare facility can be exposed to potentially harmful bacteria or viruses from sick patients, while employees in a lab can be in contact with artificially created biohazards. Biotoxins are poisonous substances living organisms produce, often as a defense mechanism. These toxins can be produced by various microorganisms, including bacteria, plants, and animals. Workers in industries such as agriculture, food processing, and fishing may be exposed to these toxins. The effects of biotoxins can range from mild irritation to severe symptoms, such as paralysis or even death. Blood and Related Products Handling blood and related products presents another significant biohazard risk in the workplace. This is particularly true in medical and laboratory settings, where employees may come into contact with patient’s blood or body fluids. In addition, workers in the tattooing and body piercing industry and first responders are also at risk. Exposure to blood-borne pathogens, such as Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, or HIV, can lead to severe illnesses. Environmental specimens, such as soil and water samples, can also pose a biological hazard. These specimens can harbor a range of biological agents, including bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi, potentially harmful to humans. Workers in fields such as environmental science, agriculture, or construction, who frequently handle these specimens, are at risk. It’s crucial to handle these samples with care and use appropriate protective equipment to prevent exposure to potential biohazards. 10 Examples of Biological Hazards So, what is an example of a biological hazard? As mentioned, biohazards can take many forms and are present in various industries. Here are ten common examples of biological hazards that employees may encounter in the workplace: Blood (Humans and Animals) Bodily fluids and tissues containing blood, plasma, serum, and other blood components in liquid or semi-liquid form can potentially transmit harmful pathogens. Handling and disposing of these materials properly is crucial to prevent the spread of infections. Additionally, healthcare professionals should strictly adhere to universal precautions when dealing with such substances to ensure the safety of both themselves and others. Any animal body part or bedding of infected animals can also pose a potential biohazard. It is important to handle and dispose of these materials properly to prevent the spread of harmful bacteria, viruses, and parasites that can lead to infections. Additionally, wearing appropriate protective gear when dealing with such biohazards is crucial for personal safety. Human Bodily Matter This includes saliva, sweat, urine, feces, vomit, and mucus. In addition, they may contain harmful pathogens that can cause infections. Therefore, direct contact with human bodily matter in the workplace is highly risky, especially for healthcare workers. It is crucial to follow proper hygiene protocols and use personal protective equipment to minimize the risk of exposure and transmission. Pathological waste refers to any human or animal material, including body parts, organs, tissues, and body fluids, removed during surgery or autopsy. This waste may contain harmful pathogens that can spread disease if handled inappropriately. Workers in healthcare and laboratory settings and waste disposal personnel must adhere to strict handling and disposal procedures to avoid exposure to these biological hazards. Microbiological waste includes waste from laboratory work involving the culture, storage, or manipulation of organisms that could be infectious to humans. This can encompass items such as petri dishes, culture flasks, pipettes, and other equipment used in microbiology labs. Workers in scientific research labs, healthcare facilities, and pharmaceutical companies will likely encounter this biological hazard. Molds and Yeast Molds and yeasts are ubiquitous in the environment and can pose a significant biohazard, particularly in workplaces with damp conditions or poor ventilation. These fungi can cause various health issues, ranging from allergic reactions to serious respiratory conditions. Employees in industries such as construction, agriculture, and food processing are particularly at risk, emphasizing the need for proactive mold and yeast control measures. Sharp waste refers to any biological waste that can pierce the skin, including needles, scalpels, and broken glass that have come into contact with bio-hazardous material. Workers in healthcare, laboratories, and waste disposal are most at risk from sharp-related injuries, which can lead to severe infections. Proper training on handling, storage, and disposal of sharps can significantly reduce the risk of accidental injuries. Pathogenic microbes are small organisms that can cause infections. They can be found in the air, surfaces, or water. These biological hazards are commonly found in healthcare settings and can be easily transmitted to patients and healthcare workers through coughing, sneezing, and direct or close contact. It is crucial to implement strict infection control measures to prevent their spread and protect the well-being of individuals. Workers are also exposed to rubbish, sewage and wastewater, organic dust, and plant materials. These can contain biological pathogens that can cause infections and respiratory problems. Workers exposed to these hazards should take necessary precautions to protect their health and well-being. Since these can be found in various regions worldwide, stinging insects are dangerous to indoor and outdoor workers. Such insects include bees, hornets, yellow jackets, and wasps. They can sting humans and animals, and their venom can cause severe reactions in some people. Since these stinging insects pose a significant threat to indoor and outdoor workers, it is crucial to take necessary precautions to avoid potential stings and subsequent severe reactions. Biohazard Safety Levels According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), biological hazards are categorized into four biosafety levels. Each of these levels has specific controls to contain biological agents and microbes. Biohazard Level 1 (BSL-1) Biohazard Level 1 represents the lowest level of risk and pertains to working with agents that pose minimal threat to humans and the environment. Such biological agents are not known to cause disease in healthy adult humans, and examples include non-pathogenic strains of E. coli and other bacteria and viruses commonly used in teaching laboratories. The protocols for BSL-1 labs focus on teaching good hygiene practices, such as regular hand washing and prohibiting eating or drinking in the lab. In general, BSL-1 labs require no special containment equipment or design features. Biohazard Level 2 (BSL-2) Biohazard Level 2 is used for work involving agents that pose a moderate hazard to personnel and the environment. These agents are commonly found in the community and present a limited risk of transmission. Diseases associated with these pathogens are usually mild and treatable, such as Staphylococcus aureus or Hepatitis A. BSL-2 labs require more stringent safety measures than BSL-1 labs, including the use of personal protective equipment, self-closing doors, and labs designed to be easily cleaned. There should also be restricted access during work operations. Biohazard Level 3 (BSL-3) Biohazard Level 3 applies to clinical, diagnostic, teaching, research, and production facilities where work is performed with indigenous or exotic agents that present a potential for aerosol or respiratory transmission and which may cause severe or potentially fatal diseases. Examples of these pathogens include tuberculosis bacteria or the West Nile virus. BSL-3 laboratories have special engineering and design features to prevent microorganisms from escaping, such as special ventilation systems and double-door entrances to create airlocks. Biohazard Level 4 (BSL-4) Biohazard Level 4 is reserved for the most dangerous and exotic agents that pose a high individual risk of aerosol-transmitted infections and life-threatening diseases. Examples are the Ebola and Marburg viruses. BSL-4 labs have the most stringent protocols specifically designed to prevent the release of dangerous microbes. Workers must wear full body, positive pressure suits and shower upon exiting the lab. These labs are often separate from other areas and have dedicated air and water treatment systems. The UK Health and Safety Executive (HSE) passed the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations in 2002 (COSHH). This regulation is meant to protect workers from exposure to biological agents. Under this law, all employers must protect their workers and other people from the hazards of harmful substances. It will be enforced by doing the following: - Identify Hazards, both present, potential, and new biological hazards. - Control the risks to protect workers from - Create and instill control measures to reduce health risks. - Decide how to prevent harm through conducting risk assessments. - Provide adequate training, information, and instructions to employees. - Maintain control measures and keep them in good working order. - Establish emergency action plans related to dealing with biohazards - Ensure proper monitoring and surveillance of employee health and well-being. How to Manage and Control Biological Hazards in the Workplace Managing and controlling biological hazards in the workplace is a multifaceted process that involves several strategies and measures. These measures help to minimize exposure to these risks and ensure the health and safety of employees. This section will discuss some key strategies and measures to manage and control biological hazards. Before implementing any measures, conducting a thorough risk assessment of the workplace is essential to identify potential biological hazards. This involves examining all areas of the workplace, understanding the nature of the work performed, and identifying processes or situations that may expose workers to biological hazards. Once the risks are identified, they should be categorized based on their severity and likelihood, which will help in prioritizing the control measures. Implementation of Control Measures After identifying and assessing the risks, appropriate control measures should be implemented to manage these hazards. This could include administrative controls such as providing training to workers, developing safe work procedures, or implementing vaccination programs for certain biological hazards. Physical controls, such as installing proper ventilation systems, using protective equipment, or ensuring safe waste disposal practices, may also be required. Regular Monitoring and Review Once the control measures have been implemented, regular monitoring is crucial to ensure their effectiveness. This would involve routine inspections, worker health surveillance, and reviewing incident reports. If any issues are identified, the control measures should be reviewed and updated accordingly. This ensures that the workplace remains safe and the risk of exposure to biological hazards is minimized. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) Q1: How to identify a biological hazard in the workplace? Identifying biological hazards involves: - Understanding the nature of the work performed. - Observing the work environment. - Recognizing situations that may expose workers to biological agents. This could include direct contact with people, animals, or biological waste, working in a damp environment prone to mold, or handling materials that could contain pathogens. At the same time, keeping up to date with any new or emerging biological hazards is essential to ensure proper risk assessment and control measures are in place. Q2: How often should risk assessments for biohazards be conducted? Risk assessments should be conducted regularly, ideally at least once or twice a year. However, they should also be conducted whenever there is a significant change in the work process or environment, when new information about a biological agent becomes available or if there is reason to believe that the existing assessment may no longer be valid. By regularly conducting risk assessments, potential hazards can be identified and controlled in a timely manner. Q3: What’s the role of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) in controlling biohazards? Personal protective equipment (PPE) is a physical barrier between workers and biological hazards. PPE can prevent exposure to biological agents through inhalation, skin contact, or accidental ingestion. Notable examples of PPE for biological hazards include the following: - Face shields - Boot covers Q4: What to do when exposed to a biological hazard at work? If you believe you have been exposed to a biological hazard, you should immediately report the incident to your supervisor or employer, seek medical advice, and document the incident. Your employer should have protocols in place to respond to such incidents. In addition, you should also take precautions to prevent the spread of any potential infection by washing your hands thoroughly and avoiding contact with others until receiving medical advice. Q5: What are some preventive measures against workplace biohazards? Preventive measures against biological hazards can include: - Good hygiene practices. - Use of proper personal protective equipment. - Regular cleaning and disinfecting of the workplace. - Implementing a vaccination program if applicable. - Providing training to workers on how to handle biological hazards safely. Apart from these measures, it is crucial to regularly review and update risk assessments and control measures to ensure a safe working environment. Following these preventive measures can significantly reduce the risk of exposure to biological hazards in the workplace. Q6: Is there any specific training required for managing biohazards in the workplace? Yes, it is essential to provide adequate training to employees on identifying, assessing, and controlling biological hazards in the workplace. This could include training on the proper use of personal protective equipment, safe handling and disposal of biological waste, understanding emergency response procedures, and recognizing potential signs and symptoms of exposure to biological agents. Regular training and refresher courses help ensure that employees are knowledgeable and prepared to handle biohazards effectively in the workplace. Monitor Biohazards with DATAMYTE DATAMYTE is a quality management platform with low-code capabilities. Our Digital Clipboard, in particular, is a low-code workflow automation software that features a workflow, checklist, and smart form builder. This tool lets you create, manage, and deploy processes that help you monitor biohazards effectively in your workplace. DATAMYTE also lets you conduct layered process audits, a high-frequency evaluation of critical process steps, focusing on areas with the highest failure risk or non-compliance. Conducting LPA with DATAMYTE lets you effectively identify and correct potential defects before they become major quality issues. With DATAMYTE, you have an all-in-one solution for your quality management needs, including monitoring and controlling biological hazards in the workplace. Contact us today to learn more about how DATAMYTE can help you ensure a safe and healthy work environment for your employees. Biological hazards in the workplace pose a significant risk to the health and safety of employees. Organizations must implement robust systems and procedures for identifying, assessing, and controlling these hazards. Regular risk assessments, diligent use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), sound hygiene practices, and targeted employee training are all fundamental to managing these risks effectively. Furthermore, quick and appropriate responses to any potential exposure incidents are vital to ensure the well-being of the workforce. In essence, a proactive approach to managing biological hazards enhances workplace safety and contributes to the workforce’s overall productivity and morale.

Acrylic is a plastic polymer material. Acrylic is actually a plastic polymer material, also known as plexiglass. It is a material polymerized from polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and sheets. It has very good transparency, chemical stability and weather resistance. It is also easy to dye and process, and its appearance and texture are similar to glass, but it is not fragile. Therefore, it is widely used in daily life and construction. Advantages of acrylic Compared with traditional ceramic materials, in addition to its unparalleled high brightness, acrylic also has the following advantages: good toughness, not easy to break, and strong repairability. Using acrylic to make basins, bathtubs, and toilets is not only exquisite in style and durable, but also environmentally friendly. Disadvantages of acrylic Due to the difficulty and high cost of acrylic production, there are many low-quality and low-cost substitutes on the market. These substitutes are also called “acrylic”. Ordinary organic boards are cast with ordinary organic glass cracking materials and pigments. The surface hardness is low and easy to fade. After grinding with fine sand, the polishing effect is poor and a certain amount of formaldehyde is released. Acrylic performance characteristics The wear resistance of acrylic sheets is close to that of aluminum, has good stability, and is resistant to corrosion by various chemicals. Acrylic sheets have good cutting properties and can be either thermoformed or machined. It has crystal-like transparency, with a light transmittance of over 92%, soft light, and clear vision. Acrylic dyed with dyes has a good color development effect. Acrylic sheets have good printability and sprayability. Appropriate printing and spraying processes can give acrylic products ideal surface decoration effects. Application areas of acrylic: - Construction applications: showcases, soundproof doors and windows, lighting covers, telephone booths, etc. - Advertising applications: light boxes, signs, signs, display racks, etc. - Transportation applications: doors and windows of trains, cars and other vehicles. - Industrial applications: instrument surface panels and protective covers, etc. - Lighting applications: fluorescent lamps, chandeliers, street lampshades, etc How To Cut Acrylic Plexiglass How To Cut Acrylic?Acrylic board (Plexiglass) is a widely used plastic material. It has the characteristics of high transparency, durability and so on. It is widely used in advertising signs, light box production, display cabinets and other fields. There are many ways to process acrylic sheets, one of the most commonly used is cutting. Next we will introduce how to cut acrylic sheets. 1. Mechanical cutting Mechanical cutting is a method of cutting acrylic sheets using mechanical equipment. This method is suitable for medium-thick acrylic sheets. Mechanical cutting is a fast and efficient way to cut, but it produces noise and plastic shavings and requires the use of safety precautions. Laser cutting is a method of cutting acrylic sheets using high-energy laser beams. This method allows precise cutting of acrylic sheets, producing smooth, crisp edges. Acrylic Laser cutting can also perform curve cutting and complex shape cutting, and is suitable for cutting thin acrylic sheets. Hand cutting is the method of cutting acrylic sheets using hand tools. This method cuts slower, but can achieve any shape of cut. Hand cutting requires skill and experience, requires good hand-eye coordination, and is a method suitable for small-scale production. No matter which cutting method is used, you need to pay attention to the following points when cutting acrylic sheets: - 1. Safety: Chips and noise will be generated when cutting acrylic sheets. Safety measures should be taken, such as wearing goggles, earplugs, gloves, etc. - 2. Equipment maintenance: When using mechanical cutting or laser cutting, the equipment needs to be maintained and maintained regularly to ensure the cutting effect and equipment operating efficiency. - 3. Reprocessing: Consider the waste of acrylic sheets when cutting, minimize waste, and avoid over-processing. In short, there are many ways to cut acrylic sheets, each with its own unique advantages and scope of application. Choosing a cutting method that suits you can help you better utilize the performance and application effects of acrylic sheets. Comparison Of Acrylic Cutting Methods Acrylic can be cut in a variety of ways, each with its own specific advantages and disadvantages. Here are common acrylic cutting methods and their pros and cons: 1. Laser cutting: - – High precision: Laser cutting can achieve very fine cutting with high precision. - – Efficient and fast: Laser cutting is fast and suitable for mass production or processing of complex-shaped parts. - – Non-contact processing: no physical damage will occur. - – Able to achieve complex pattern cutting: Through program control, various complex patterns and shapes can be created. – Requires professional operation and maintenance. 2. CNC tool cutting: - – Suitable for acrylic sheets of different thicknesses; - – Suitable for cutting some simple shapes. - – The cutting accuracy is lower than that of laser; - – Cutting speed is slow. 3. Sawing and cutting: - – Suitable for thicker acrylic sheets; - – Low initial investment. - – Lower cutting accuracy; - – Easily produce burrs and cracks on the cutting surface. 4. Heated cutting (such as heated knives, hot wire cutting): - – Suitable for cutting some special shapes; - – Gentle cutting method without stress. - – Slow cutting speed; - – High requirements on operators. Overall, laser cutting is the most commonly used method for cutting acrylic materials because it can provide high precision, efficiency and speed without requiring direct contact with the material surface. However, for certain shapes, thicknesses or where production is smaller, other cutting methods can provide suitable solutions. When choosing a cutting method, various factors need to be considered to determine the most suitable cutting method based on your specific requirements and budget. For complex structures or three-dimensional acrylic materials, laser cutting is the preferred cutting method. Here are the advantages of laser cutting when working with this type of material: - 1. High-precision cutting: Laser cutting can achieve very fine cutting and can produce smooth cutting edges on the acrylic surface, reducing secondary manufacturing steps after cnc machining. For complex structures or three-dimensional acrylic materials, precise cutting is very important. - 2. Multi-angle cutting capability: Laser cutting has multiple degrees of freedom and can be cut at multiple angles to adapt to complex structures or three-dimensional shapes. This allows laser cutting to complete multiple cutting angles in one operation, thus reducing cut time. - 3. Flexible cutting capabilities: Laser cutting can create complex patterns and shapes according to design requirements and adapt to different structural needs. This makes laser cutting ideal for cut acrylic materials with complex structures or three-dimensional shapes. - 4. Non-contact cutting: Laser cutting is a non-contact cutting method that will not cause physical damage to acrylic materials. This is very important to ensure the delicate appearance quality. Although laser cutting has many advantages when fabrication complex structures or three-dimensional acrylic materials, when choosing a cutting method, factors such as the thickness of the material, quantity, budget, and equipment availability need to be considered based on actual needs. How To CNC Machining Acrylic Plexiglass - 1. Open materials. Use a cutting machine to cut acrylic sheets. Only when the dimensions of the acrylic products are clear can the acrylic products be cut to avoid material waste. - 2. Engraving. After the cutting is completed, the acrylic sheet must be preliminarily carved into different shapes according to the shape design requirements of the acrylic product. - 3. Drill holes. According to the needs of acrylic products, holes of different sizes are punched in the acrylic products. - 4. Polishing. After cutting, engraving, and drilling, the edges are still rough and can easily scratch your hands, so you need to use a polishing process. You can choose different polishing methods according to different products. Polishing is also divided into cloth wheel polishing, grinding wheel polishing and fire polishing. Then use an edge trimmer to trim the edges. - 5. Tear the paper. The paper tearing process is a step before the screen printing and heat bending process, because the acrylic plate will have a layer of protective paper after leaving the factory, and the protective sticker attached to the acrylic plate must be removed before screen printing and heat bending. - 6. Hot bending. Acrylic can be transformed into different shapes through hot bending. Hot bending is also divided into two types: overall hot bending and local hot bending. Different hot bending processes can be selected according to the actual situation. - 7. Silk screen printing. If users need to display their own brand logo or slogan, they will choose silk screen printing. Silk screen printing is divided into two methods: single-color screen printing and four-color screen printing. - 8. Bonding and packaging. These two steps are the last two steps of the acrylic cnc machining process, which include bonding and assembly of the processed parts as well as packaging and testing before leaving the factory.

WindSim | Technical Basics WindSim is CFD-based wind farm design tool (WFDT) that includes 3D visualization. WindSim | How does it work? Local wind fields are highly influenced by local topography. The input basis for WindSim consists of a digital terrain model on a proper length scale, according to the phenomenon under consideration. WindSim can be used in a variety of length scales ranging from detailed micro siting up to larger meso scale wind resource assessments. WindSim uses so called body fitted co-ordinates (BFC) with refinement towards the ground. In addition to the digital terrain model, a similar model with terrain roughness must be supplied. The terrain roughness has a particular impact in a zone towards the ground. Finally, WindSim needs meteorological data from at least one point within the modelled area. With these primary inputs the wind resources for the whole area can be calculated, the energy production from any number of wind turbines can be obtained, and the area with infrastructure can be visualized in the 3D interactive visualization module. Can a numerical model reproduce a wind field scenario as it is observed in nature? Use of numerical models introduces inaccuracies. It is important to be aware of these inaccuracies and their origin. In the following the primary sources of inaccuracies will be highlighted. The numerical model uses height and roughness information from a specified grid. The accuracy of the numerical simulation depends of the resolution of this grid. Due to restricted computational resources this grid cannot always be constructed with the desired resolution. Typical a resolution in the order of 100×100 meter is used for meso scale modelling within larger areas in the order of 1000 kmxkm, while a finer resolution in the order of 10×10 meter is necessary for micro scale modelling. These conditions are illustrated with an example. In the below figure a mountain is shown where half of the points used in the discrete representation have successively been removed. The mountain at the left has 25 meter point spacing, while the same mountain with a 200 meter point spacing is found at the far right. In a similar way the estimated wind resources will depend on the grid resolution. A wind field above an island is shown on the two figures below. The extension of the model is 3500×3800 meter and the highest top reaches 68 meter above the sea level. Even for this island with rather modest topography the wind field in the finest model reveals much more details than the model on a coarser grid. The numerical model simulates the wind field in a 3D computational domain. Along the border of the computational domain information about the flow field must be supplied. These so called boundary conditions are given as fully developed flow profiles taking into account the given roughness at the border. However, the model will not have any information about the wind field outside the computational domain, any abrupt changes in topography or roughness along the border will contaminate the flow field. A border zone, where the flow field is allowed to adapt to the surroundings is introduced in order to reduce this problem. No results are presented in the border zone. In some situations there might be impossible to avoid areas with abrupt changes in topography and roughness along the border, these areas should be treated with care. If terrain and roughness information is available from larger areas than those of particular interest, an efficient nesting technique can be used. Nesting means that the results from a larger outer model are used as boundary conditions in a refined inner model. In this way the problem with inaccurate boundary conditions are eliminated in the refined model. The quality of the meteorological input data is crucial for the quality of the numerical results. If the meteorological data has been collected during a short time interval these data must be correlated to long-term nearby statistical data in order to represent the long-term wind climate in the area. The meteorological input data must also be representative for the whole computational area. Finally, it must be compatible with the scale of the numerical model, i.e. it must not contain effects from smaller or larger scales than those resolved in the numerical model. Meteorological input must be supplied for at least one point within the modelled area. WindSim has several means of assimilation if wind data from additional positions are available. Increasing the amount of wind data will of course improve the accuracy of the numerical results.

Alakoko Fishpond, also known as Menehune Fishpond, stands as a cherished landmark and living treasure on Kaua‘i Island in Hawai‘i. Resting along the Hulē‘ia River near Līhu‘e, this ancient fishpond is steeped in Hawaiian legend, culture, and history. Beyond its role as a historical site, Alakoko Fishpond serves as a living symbol of Hawaiian resilience, ingenuity, and harmony with nature. Its past narrates a tale of ancient wisdom, its present showcases community spirit, and its future holds the promise of cultural revival and sustainable living. Past: A Rich Historical Legacy Origin and Construction According to local legends, the Alakoko Fishpond was constructed by the mythical Menehune people, renowned for their expert engineering skills. Historical research indicates that the fishpond was built around 1,000 years ago by Hawaiians, making it a prime example of ancient Hawaiian aquaculture. Function and Importance Alakoko Fishpond played a pivotal role in sustaining local communities by providing a reliable source of fish. Enclosed by a 900-foot-long stone wall, the pond allowed small fish to enter, grow, and eventually become trapped, facilitating easy harvest. Deeply ingrained in Hawaiian culture and tradition, the fishpond stands as a testament to the ancient Hawaiians' engineering prowess and their harmonious relationship with nature. Present: Challenges and Conservation Efforts Over the years, Alakoko Fishpond has encountered various threats, including invasive species, pollution, and the impacts of urban development. These factors have contributed to the degradation of the fishpond's ecosystem. Recognizing the cultural and historical importance of the fishpond, local organizations and community volunteers have been diligently working to preserve and restore Alakoko Fishpond. These efforts involve rebuilding the stone wall, eliminating invasive species, and educating the public about the site's significance. The restoration of Alakoko Fishpond has transformed into a community-driven project. Schools, community groups, and individuals actively participate in the ongoing preservation efforts, viewing the fishpond as an integral part of their heritage. Future: A Vision of Renewal The objective of restoration efforts extends beyond repairing the physical structure of the fishpond. It aims to reestablish the fishpond as a functional aquaculture system and create educational programs, making it a source of food, learning, and cultural connection. Embracing sustainable practices is pivotal to the fishpond's future. By harmonizing modern methods with traditional Hawaiian knowledge, the community aims to ensure the thriving existence of Alakoko Fishpond for generations to come. The preservation and revitalization of Alakoko Fishpond present an opportunity for cultural renewal. The site can evolve into a living classroom where Hawaiian cultural practices, language, and values are taught and celebrated. A Symbol of Resilience The ongoing preservation efforts for Alakoko Fishpond serve as a testament to the belief that heritage lives not only in history books but also in the hearts and hands of those who cherish it. This fishpond stands as a poignant reminder that by honoring our past, embracing our community, and nurturing our environment, we can forge a meaningful and sustainable future.

Infants prefer individuals who punish those not like themselves, Yale researchers find Infants as young as nine months old prefer individuals who punish those who are not like them, and this seemingly innate mean streak grows stronger in the next five months of life, a study by researchers at Yale University has found. Babies, like adults, prefer individuals who like the same things they do. A new study reports that they want individuals who share their tastes to be treated well by others, but want those whose tastes differ from their own to be treated badly. The study of 200 nine- and 14-month-old infants was published in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science. Psychologists have long known that people tend to like others who are like themselves. Social bonds form more easily among those who look the same, act the same, have the same interests, and are members of the same group. We deem people who are like ourselves to be more just, intelligent, and trustworthy, while we attribute negative qualities to those who are different from us. But when do these attitudes arise? In recent years, Yale’s Karen Wynn, professor of psychology and cognitive science, has shown that even before their first birthday, infants too prefer individuals who share their own tastes in food or clothes. Wynn’s research team introduced babies to two hand puppets that had expressed contrasting preferences (for example, one preferring green beans to graham crackers, the other preferring the crackers to the beans). Babies who themselves preferred the crackers were much more likely to reach for puppets that liked crackers. Wynn and lead author, Kiley Hamlin, now of the University of British Columbia, wanted to know if infants’ preference for similar individuals meant that they hold negative attitudes toward those who are unlike themselves. In the new study, the researchers introduced babies to a puppet with the same food preference as the baby and to a puppet with the opposite preference. They then introduced two new puppets: One was helpful and retrieved a dropped rubber ball. The other was mean and took the ball away. As expected babies of both ages preferred the helper over the meanies when the puppet being assisted liked the same food they did. But the next finding surprised the researchers: When the puppet that dropped the ball did not share the babies’ taste in food, the infants preferred the mean puppet to the helper. In other words: Babies prefer someone who is nice to an individual similar to themselves, but they also prefer someone who is mean to a dissimilar individual. However, Wynn, said, the results do not necessarily show that babies are born with a mean streak. “We were surprised — and more than a little chagrined — to find that babies actively prefer individuals who mistreat someone whose tastes differ from theirs,” Wynn said. “But while our findings show that we may be built to dislike differences, we are also built to like similarities — and humans all around the world are similar in a multitude of ways.” It may be that the more similarities babies — and adults — recognize between themselves and others, the less they will want to see those others harmed, said Wynn. When no other information is given, babies appear to dislike someone who differs from them. Their attitude might change if they had more information, she said. “We don’t want to be too quick to generalize. My husband hates cheese, and I love cheese, and we get along just fine,” Wynn said. “The interesting question to me is what kinds of information allow us to transcend superficial differences and build on our commonalities.” Additional authors on the study are Neha Mahajan, and Zoe Liberman. The research was supported by the National Science Foundation and the National Institutes of Health. (Image via Shutterstock)

Every language that a person knows opens up new doors for them to prosper and achieve in life. Given that most of us are aware of this, a lot of parents these days desire their kids to learn a new language for social and academic purposes. But parents frequently don’t know whether it’s the perfect moment to start teaching their child a new language or how to do it effectively. Fortunately, there are some useful solutions to these frequent problems described below: When should they begin their education? Though there is a great deal of disagreement on this topic, if one conclusion could be made, it would be to begin as soon as feasible. But, during the early stages of life, a child’s mind is constantly being built and organized so that it can process the vast amount of information and stimuli that surrounds it. For this reason, it could be preferable to hold off until your child is at least three years old to prevent overstimulation and confusion. It is common knowledge that kids who take up a foreign language before they reach adolescence have a higher chance of learning any language’s grammar and sounding like native speakers. Nevertheless, it is still preferable to give children enough time to completely learn and comprehend one language before exposing them to another, even if their minds are really like sponges that absorb everything. If not, they may end up misinterpreting the languages and experience a period of not knowing how to communicate effectively. How and where are they going to learn? Being around individuals who speak a second language fluently is the best method for a youngster to acquire it, so if your family speaks two languages, you’re in luck. Try the “one person, one language” approach, in which one adult speaks to the child exclusively in one language and another adult speaks the other language, to assist the youngster learn the language fully rather than just bits and pieces. Don’t panic if your youngster uses terms from two languages in the same phrase or has some initial difficulty with word order. They will grow up with two mother tongues and swiftly pick up the ability to distinguish between the two languages. If you’re not fortunate enough to live in a bilingual household, your best bet would be to enroll in a top-notch school with innovative curricula and knowledgeable teachers. It is essential to have enthusiastic, fluent teachers who can make learning enjoyable and who know just how to work with young children at the right pace to teach them more than just new vocabulary or grammar rules. Individuals such as this commit their entire time and energy to equipping kids with the useful skills of a language so that they can use it successfully in every part of their lives in the future. How can you assist me? There are still methods to assist your child in learning a language even if you are not fluent in it. First and foremost, you must support your child in beginning to learn a new language. Next, you must locate a top-notch school or teacher to sustain your child’s interest and motivation to learn. It is crucial that your youngster hears the foreign language spoken as much as possible. Therefore, to ensure that your family members are exposed to the language even while they are at home, try finding songs, cartoons, and kids’ TV shows in the language that they can watch on TV or even search the Internet. If none of your family members speak the language, try locating it and playing it in the background. The best way to make sure your child is genuinely enjoying the process of learning a new language is to never push them too hard; instead, let them take their time and feel no pressure. A youngster will become more adept in a language the longer they dedicate themselves to learning it and the more use they make of it. Thus, make it a point to get started as soon as you can, and be there for your kids at all times to encourage and support them.

VIEW IN GALLERY Avocados provide nearly 20 essential nutrients, including fiber, potassium, Vitamin E, B-vitamins, and folic acid. It is one of the delicious fruits of summer, high in nutrition and flavor . Planting your own avocado tree from tree is fun and easy. It is a perfect task for all ages – for the garden, for indoors, and also makes a great educational project for home and classrooms. Here is how to do it : What you will need : A full-grown avocado 1 . Take the avocado and cut into 2 halves. Scoop out the fruit and enjoy as usual, remove the seed from the center, wash with fresh water and ensure there is no fruit on it. Dry the seed fully as a wet seed might get slippery and become hard to use. 2. Push toothpicks inside the seed from four sides into the middle. After pricking the toothpicks into the seed, place in a glass full of water so that the pointed end of the seed points upward while the round part is immersed in the water by an inch. 3. Keep the glass in a warm place away from direct sunlight. Leave for 4-6 weeks, monitor regularly to see if water needs to be added. The seed will sprout a stem and roots. Once the stem is 6 inches long, cut it to 3 inches. The stem will again start to grow and will grow leaves. 3.Remove the seed from the glass to a large pot, 3 feet wide and 3 feet deep. Add rich fertile soil to the pot and plant the seed. The root of the seed should be pushed inside the soil about 1-3 inches. The top half of the seed should remain outside the pot. 4. Place the pot where it can get good sunlight, air, and water. The soil should remain moist but not saturated. Use a pot with good drainage. Keeping the pot out in your garden is a good idea. Pinch the top leaves of the plant every time the stem length increases by 6 inches. Doing so encourages growth of the pant. 5. Start planting in the Spring. If you do not have a garden, daily take your plant outside for sunlight and fresh air. Now is the time for patience. Usually it takes 7-15 years for the avocado tree to yield fruit. (picture source : Pinterest) You may also like these : VIEW IN GALLERY How to grow a kiwi seed from seed VIEW IN GALLERY VIEW IN GALLERY

Many of the products and services we buy and use every day are produced or undertaken by people trapped in modern slavery, including forced labour. Every day, millions of people are exploited to fulfil our relentless drive for cheap products and services, ranging from consumer electronics and garments to services including shipping and cleaning. Around 27.6 million people are believed to be trapped in forced labour worldwide in various forms. This includes 17.3 million people who are exploited in forced labour exploitation in the private economy and 3.9 million who are subjected to state-imposed forced labour. This includes in the supply chains of international businesses supplying our goods and services. Slavery can exist in every stage of the supply chain, from harvesting or extracting raw materials – such as cocoa or cotton – to manufacturing and shipping. The reality of this is children forced to mine cobalt for use in the latest mobile phones, or women forced to produce coffee for one of our best-known brands. The clothes you wear could be part of the problem, too: for example, almost 20% of the world’s global cotton production is linked to China’s forced labour of Uyghurs and other Turkic and Muslim groups, meaning almost every high-street garment company could be tainted with forced labour. How does it happen? Most products pass through a long chain of producers, manufacturers, distributors and retailers before they get to you. It can be very difficult to track all of a product’s components back to a particular producer – for example, tracing cotton in a t-shirt back to a particular cotton farm. Businesses have built long and complex supply chains that make it difficult to oversee who is working where and under what conditions, often to their advantage. Decades of voluntary ‘corporate social responsibility’ initiatives have failed to protect people from forced labour and other abuses, as businesses simply do not have to implement them in a meaningful way. Ultimately, the global economy and companies’ business models are set up to favour profits over workers’ rights. Although there have been some initiatives to improve businesses’ responses to the risks in their supply chains, the problem persists. For example, in the UK the 2015 Modern Slavery Act obliged big businesses to report on the steps they take to tackle modern slavery in their supply chains. However, the Act does not compel companies to take meaningful steps to prevent modern slavery – in fact, 40% of businesses have been found to not comply with the Modern Slavery Act at all. What are we doing? We strongly believe that it’s time to create an economy where people are never exploited in order to produce the goods we buy. It’s time, too, for survivors of modern slavery in the private sector to be able to access justice. Companies have a responsibility to make sure their goods and services are never produced with slavery. This isn’t just about the goods they make in their own factories: they must also make sure slavery is not used by their suppliers, their suppliers’ suppliers, and so on all the way down the supply chain. We work on three levels: - We call on governments to protect workers’ rights in order to prevent forced labour in supply chains. We’re campaigning for laws to make businesses legally accountable to prevent potential exploitation and forced labour in their supply chains. We work on campaigns to end state-imposed forced labour, with our focus on China and Turkmenistan - We work with workers at risk of modern slavery to help them know and access their rights. For example, we’ve worked with the online retailer ASOS, trade unions and local organisations to protect workers going from Asia and Africa to work in Mauritius’ garment industry, supplying many global brands - We also work in partnership with businesses to help them identify the risks of slavery practices in their supply chains, and ultimately to address them

Welcome to the world of cryptocurrency, where digital money is taking the financial industry by storm. But what exactly is cryptocurrency? In this blog post, we will demystify the concept of cryptocurrency and explore its rise in popularity. What is Cryptocurrency? Cryptocurrency is a form of digital or virtual currency that uses cryptography for security. Unlike traditional currencies issued by governments, cryptocurrencies are decentralized and operate on a technology called blockchain. This technology ensures transparency, security, and immutability of transactions. One of the most well-known cryptocurrencies is Bitcoin, which was created in 2009 by an anonymous person or group of people using the pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto. Bitcoin paved the way for the development of thousands of other cryptocurrencies, each with its own unique features and purposes. How Does Cryptocurrency Work? At its core, cryptocurrency works through a technology called blockchain. A blockchain is a distributed ledger that records all transactions made with a particular cryptocurrency. This ledger is maintained by a network of computers, known as nodes, that validate and verify transactions. When a transaction is initiated, it is broadcasted to the network of nodes. The nodes then validate the transaction by solving complex mathematical problems. Once the transaction is validated, it is added to a block, which is then added to the chain of previous blocks, forming a blockchain. One of the key advantages of cryptocurrency is its security. Each transaction is encrypted and linked to the previous transaction, making it nearly impossible to alter or counterfeit. Additionally, the decentralized nature of cryptocurrencies eliminates the need for intermediaries, such as banks, resulting in faster and cheaper transactions. The Benefits of Cryptocurrency There are several benefits to using cryptocurrency: - Security: Cryptocurrency transactions are highly secure due to the use of encryption techniques. This makes it difficult for hackers to steal funds or engage in fraudulent activities. - Privacy: Cryptocurrency transactions can be conducted anonymously, protecting the identity of the users. - Global Accessibility: Cryptocurrencies can be accessed and used by anyone with an internet connection, regardless of their location or financial status. - Lower Transaction Fees: Since cryptocurrencies eliminate the need for intermediaries, transaction fees are significantly lower compared to traditional banking systems. - Financial Inclusion: Cryptocurrencies have the potential to provide financial services to the unbanked population, who may not have access to traditional banking systems. The Future of Cryptocurrency The future of cryptocurrency is promising, with more and more businesses and individuals adopting this digital form of money. Major companies, such as Tesla and PayPal, have started accepting cryptocurrencies as a form of payment, further legitimizing their use. Furthermore, governments around the world are exploring the possibility of issuing their own digital currencies, known as central bank digital currencies (CBDCs). CBDCs could provide the benefits of cryptocurrencies while being regulated by the government, ensuring stability and consumer protection. However, the rise of cryptocurrency also raises concerns about its volatility and potential for illegal activities. Regulatory bodies are working to establish frameworks to address these issues and protect consumers. Cryptocurrency is revolutionizing the way we think about money and finance. Its decentralized nature, security, and global accessibility make it an attractive alternative to traditional currencies. As the world becomes more digital, cryptocurrency is likely to play an increasingly important role in our financial systems. So, whether you’re a tech-savvy investor or simply curious about the future of money, keep an eye on the rise of digital currencies. Who knows, you might just find yourself embracing the world of cryptocurrency sooner than you think!

Table of Contents Is reading more important than math? Study: Early Math Skills Are Even More Important Than Early Reading Skills. According to a recent study conducted by scientists at Boston College, early “math” skills predict subsequent school results (and even income in adulthood) better than early “reading” skills. Does Zed mean zero? Zed is how you pronounce the letter Z in British English. Zulu when referring to time means GMT, otherwise it’s the phonetic for the letter Z. 0 is Zero. It’s “Zulu” for Z and “Zee-Row” for 0. What countries call z zed? In most English-speaking countries, including Australia, Canada, India, Ireland, New Zealand and the United Kingdom, the letter’s name is zed /zɛd/, reflecting its derivation from the Greek zeta (this dates to Latin, which borrowed X, Y, and Z from Greek, along with their names), but in American English its name is zee … Why do English call it maths? The UK version is more logical. Math is an abbreviation of mathematics, which is a count noun in British English because there are different types of maths (geometry, algebra, calculus, etc.) and a mass noun that happens to end in an ‘s’ in American English (like gymnastics in both dialects). Why do the British say leftenant? According to military customs, a lower ranking soldier walks on the left side of a senior officer. This courtesy developed when swords were still used on the battle field. The lower ranked soldier on the “left” protected the senior officers left side. Therefore, the term leftenant developed. Does reading make you better at math? Children who spend a lot of time reading perform better in academic subjects, particularly mathematics, than those who do not, a private-sector survey has revealed. What is better math or reading? Research suggests early math skills are a better predictor of academic success than early reading skills — but preschools aren’t teaching them. One study calculated that at preschools where kids spend six hours a day, math gets an average of only 58 seconds per day. … Is English more important than math? English isn’t necessarily more important than mathematics. For example, if you had a job as a professional athlete, you wouldn’t have any need for maths, but you would need english to communicate to the people around you. But for someone that has a job at a bank, then you will have to use math every day of your life. Why do British say us instead of me? It’s just an old English way of speaking. Many people say “us” but if they are writing will use the word “me”. I was born in Sunderland and I use it some times, depends who I am talking to. “us” meaning you and me sounds like “uss”. What rank is the US military in the world? |Military strength indicator (2015) |Final military strength score

Hello my lovely English conquerors! It's about that time. We are almost halfway through the year and May 5th is rapidly approaching. If you live in the U.S. or have heard about Cinco de Mayo, you will know that May 5th is a very important day for party enthusiasts in this country. It's a day where people drink lots of cervezas, margaritas, and chips and guacamole. With that being said, have you ever wondered why the U.S. loves Cinco de Mayo so much and commemorates a day that has nothing to do with U.S. history? Well I can tell you this. Americans love to have an excuse to party and drink LOTS of beer. However, the history of Cinco de Mayo has been lost in the intense commercialization and appropriation of this historically Mexican day. So let's take some time to learn the REAL history behind Cinco de Mayo and better understand how this day became so popular in the USA. Check out this month's listening practice activity below. This is a great opportunity for you to improve and challenge your listening comprehension skills and learn just a little more about the culture and customs of your new home. Enjoy!

2020 Conference Brief 5 Policymakers, practitioners, and researchers frequently cite an increase in shocks around the world as a reason for focusing on resilience. But have shocks actually increased or become more severe and far‐reaching? What does the landscape of shocks look like? Shocks are external, short‐term deviations from long‐term trends—deviations that have substantial negative effects (which may be short‐lived or long lasting) on people’s state of well‐being, level of assets, livelihoods, safety, and ability to withstand future shocks. Many shocks are unexpected, but in some cases, such as drought or conflict, the shock may be expected year after year although the individual, community, or system lacks the resilience to prepare for or mitigate it. In other cases, such as climate change, the general shock could be expected but the effect on a particular individual, community, or area could be unexpected. This brief examines five types of shocks—conflicts, natural disasters, climate change, food price volatility, and health crises—as they relate to food safety and agriculture. It assesses their frequency, severity, or both during the past few decades as part of a selective, nonsystematic review.

If you postpone meals once or twice, it's never mind, but if it continues, it's to affect the health of your body. Irregular eating will greatly affect the workings of the brain. If headwork is incompetent, in the end, your work can mess. Brain fatigue doesn't necessarily feel like that tired body. Brain is refined. It's in contrast to the muscles. Energy source for brain is glucose in the blood. The glucose is obtained from the energy source you eat. The energy sources are, yes, carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In addition to glucose, the brain requires other nutrients for the metabolism, i.e. amino acids, vitamins, and minerals. Glutamate is an amino acid whose one of the role is as a transmitter for more than half of the nerve terminals in the brain. In healthy people, the amino acid or glutamate can be produced by the body. Meanwhile, folic acid is classified as a water-soluble vitamin. Folic acid can be found in vegetables, yeast, nuts, liver, and fruit. In adults, deficiency of folic acid affects depression, also anemia. A lack of folic acid should be wary to the pregnant mothers because it'll affect the formation of the fetus' nerves, as babies born with an unclosed spine and a poking spinal cord or neural tube defects. In addition, the lack of nutrients in the long term can cause disturbances in brain metabolism. That's why it'd be unwise if you have irregular eating patterns. Irregular eating greatly affects the brain works as a power supply is also inconsistent. If you eat too late, blood glucose will drop. Thinking ability becomes impaired; concentration is decreased, coupled with emotional stability disturbances. If it's so, it's natural that your work error rate increases. Disordered eating may be the impact of the globalization process. Looking slightly to the back, in the past, most people worked with a high enough physical intensity. Understandably, once, more and more people worked as farmers. Their muscles were trained for hoeing, plowing, pulling carts, and other activities that used other high calories. Because it's more muscular, the food can be large in quantities and high in calories and fiber as the traditional menu of vegetables that contain coconut milk, also grilled fish or meat. Heart patients must helm to eat this traditional food. Though, not necessarily, traditional foods quite high in calories and saturated fats aren't healthy, provided that being coupled with a high enough physical activity. The fact is now, physical activity is reduced while you're wanting a good food but pressed for time. This opportunity is seized by fast food stalls. The fast food in demand would've to be good. To be good, consequently, it must contain high sugar and fat, as well as a tempting food flavoring. Unfortunately, the western-style fast food is low in fiber. Automatically, the nutritional contents are unbalanced. Once or twice, it's okay to eat these foods, but some of the office workers consume them almost every day. So, don't delay your lunch. You may also like: Don't Eat the Marshmallow ... Yet! 365 Self Help and Motivational Tips for Living It's Not Okay to Be a Cannibal It's Not about the Broccoli Eat Right 4 Your Type

Software developers retrieve, store, and manipulate data to analyze a system’s capability and requirements. They maintain the design and maintenance of a software system. At times they also oversee the work of computer technologists, programmers, and technicians. They are responsible for the whole process of developing software. They meet with clients, determine needs, help develop, ensure usability, and complete quality assurance. Watch a video to learn what a software developer does: How to Become a Software Developer Surprisingly, a software developer only needs a bachelor’s degree in computer science or a related technology field. They must have strong computer programming applications and skills. Coursework can be broad-based, but knowledge of math, chips, circuit boards, computer hardware, and software is necessary. Though it is not required computer programming coursework is also becoming more common for those wanting to enter the field. Most of the colleges or universities offering these degrees include internships where one can gain some hands-on experience prior to entering the workforce. Once you are working in this industry, it’s vital to keep up with the latest technology since it changes so quickly. Job Description of a Software Developer Software developers identify and correct existing errors in the software and modify it to a higher functionality. They assist a company or customer in determining the practicality of cost constraints and a realistic time frame for their request. A software developer designs, develops, and modifies software systems using mathematical models or scientific analysis. A software developer processes information by categorizing, coding, calculating and tabulating as well as verifying data. They do this by breaking down information into separate parts and identifying the underlying principles affecting the software to better serve the customer. Software Developer Career Video Transcript Tools have always opened new horizons for human civilization, from the sharpened stones of hunter-gatherers, to today’s computers and software. Software developers are the creative minds designing tools for the new millennium whether they design new apps like web browsers, databases, or games or create an operating system that runs a phone, computer, or an entire network. These IT professionals lead the process for the entire team it takes to create new software. Developers start by learning what users needs are, then they design and test software to meet those needs. They design based on functionality or what the software needs to do, how it will be used, and security needs. Programmers then rely on the models and diagrams made by software developers to guide their coding of designs. If testing reveals that a software design is too difficult to use, the developers redesign it until it works. Many software developers work for software publishers and computer system design companies manufacturing firms, and in finance and insurance businesses. Most work full-time and long hours are common. Software developers usually have a bachelor’s degree in computer science, software engineering, math, or a related field. Software developers need a background in programming and should plan to continue learning new developments in computer languages and tools throughout their careers. Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Outlook Handbook, Software Developers. National Center for O*NET Development. 15-1133.00. O*NET OnLine.

Generative art is a form of art that is created through the use of algorithms and computational systems. It has been around for several decades, but in recent years, there has been a surge of interest and innovation in this field. As technology continues to evolve and become more advanced, the future of generative art is looking incredibly exciting. One of the most significant advancements in generative art is the increasing use of machine learning and artificial intelligence. Machine learning algorithms can be used to create highly complex generative art pieces that are beyond the capabilities of human artists. This is because machine learning algorithms can learn from vast amounts of data and make decisions based on that data, resulting in highly intricate and detailed artwork. Another exciting development in generative art is the use of virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technologies. These technologies can be used to create immersive art experiences that blur the line between physical and digital art. For example, artists can use AR to create installations that are overlaid onto the real world, allowing viewers to interact with the artwork in new and exciting ways. The integration of generative art with other fields is also becoming more prevalent. For example, generative art is being used in architecture to create new building designs that are not only visually stunning but also highly functional. Additionally, generative art is being used in fashion design to create unique patterns and textures that would be impossible to achieve through traditional methods. The future of generative art is not just about creating new forms of art, but also about democratising the creation process. With the rise of no-code and low-code development platforms, artists and designers can create their own generative art without needing to know how to code. This means that generative art is becoming more accessible to a wider audience, which will result in even more innovation and creativity in the field. One potential challenge for the future of generative art is the issue of copyright and ownership. As generative art becomes more prevalent, it may become more difficult to determine who owns the artwork and who has the right to use it. However, this is an issue that can be addressed through the development of new legal frameworks and licensing models. In conclusion, the future of generative art is incredibly exciting. With the increasing use of machine learning and AI, the integration of generative art with other fields, and the democratisation of the creation process, we can expect to see even more innovation and creativity in the field in the years to come. The possibilities for generative art are truly limitless, and we can’t wait to see what the future holds.

magnesium sulfide (MgS) is formed when Magnesium (Mg) reacts with Sulfur (S), a non-metal anion, to form an ionic bond between the two species. Mg and S have equal charges which cancel out to make the compound neutral. Chemical Formula : MgS – magnesium sulfide magnesium sulfide is a wide band-gap direct semiconductor which emits blue/green light at the short wavelength of ultraviolet light. The electrons in the MgS band are resonantly excited by ions in the metal anode, which is why it can be used as a photodetector. It has a relatively low specific energy on the cell stack level and is not considered to be particularly expensive. However, it does require a very clean environment and the production of cells may be costly. Compared to Li based electrolytes, the overall oxidation potential of Mg polysulfides is lowered in high dielectric permittivity solvents like DMSO and DMF. This is attributed to an effective solvent complexation of Mg2+, which weakens the cation-polysulfide interaction. A further way to lower the oxidation potentials of Mg polysulfides in electrolytes is to limit the discharge reaction to the formation of MgS2. This approach results in a lower overpotential and a more reversible charge-discharge cycle at the sulfur cathode90,93,96,97. The oxidation of Li and Mg polysulfides in ethers is also controlled by the cation-polysulfide interactions, which are strongly dependent on the relative dielectric permittivities. In ethers with comparably low cation-polysulfide repulsion, a strong disproportionation of polysulfides to sulfur and high charge density species like S42- and S22- is observed84.

|The description and interpretation of visual images in order to disclose and interpret their hidden or symbolic meanings. Iconography was initially applied to religious icons and painted images, and theorized as a methodology within Renaissance art history by the cultural historian Erwin Panofsky. Its impact on geographical study was limited (but cf. Gottman, 1952) until iconography was promoted as a method of landscape and cartographic interpretation in cultural geography by Daniels and Cosgrove (1988). Landscapes, both on the ground and in their representation through various media such as maps, painting and photography, are regarded as deposits of cultural meanings. The iconographic method seeks to address these meanings through describing the form, composition and content of such representations, disclosing their symbolism, and interpreting the significances and implications of that symbolism by re-immersing landscapes into their social and historical contexts. Successful iconographic interpretation requires close formal reading, broad contextual knowledge, interpretative sensitivity and persuasive writing skills; it reveals human landscapes as both shaped by and themselves active in shaping broader social and cultural processes, and thus possessed of powerful human significance. Geographical iconography today accepts that landscape meanings are unstable over time and between different groups, always negotiated, and political in the broadest sense. This is exemplified by a significant body of work on landscape images and national or local identities produced by geographers in the early 1990s, (see, e.g., Daniels, 1993; Schama, 1995). See also art, geography and. (DEC) References Daniels S. 1993: Fields of vision: landscape imagery and national identity in England and the United States. Cambridge: Polity. Daniels, S. and Cosgrove, D. 1988: Iconography and landscape. In D. Cosgrove and S. Daniels, eds, The iconography of landscape: essays on the representation design and use of past environments. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1-10. Gottmann, J. 1952: La politique des états et leur géographie. Paris: Armand Colin. Schama, S. 1995: Landscape and memory. London: HarperCollins.

Understanding the Psychology of Persuasion Persuasive advertising is not just a matter of creating attractive slogans or flashy images; it’s deeply rooted in the psychological mechanisms that influence our decision-making processes. Understanding how persuasion works is key to grasping why certain advertisements are so effective. At the heart of this is the psychology of persuasion, a field of study which looks into how individuals can be influenced to take certain actions, including purchasing decisions. The Role of Emotional Appeal One of the primary tactics in persuasive advertising is to use emotional appeal. This method targets the audience’s feelings and emotions, rather than their logical reasoning. Advertisers might leverage feelings of joy, surprise, sadness, or even fear to create a strong connection between the consumer and the product. These emotions can create lasting impressions, which can be more effective in influencing behavior than facts and figures alone. Principles of Persuasion Dr. Robert Cialdini, a renowned psychologist, outlined several key principles of persuasion in advertising, which have become fundamental to marketing strategies. These principles include: - Reciprocity: The suggestion that giving something (like a free sample or a discount) encourages the recipient to give something back (like a purchase or loyalty). - Commitment and Consistency: Once someone commits to something, they’re more likely to follow through to remain consistent with their initial commitment. - Social Proof: People often look to others to determine their own actions; hence if many people are using a product, others will be persuaded to do so as well. - Authority: The influence of experts and credible sources can greatly persuade individuals to take certain actions or buy certain products. - Liking: The tendency to agree with people or brands we like or find attractive. - Scarcity: The principle that items are more attractive when their availability is limited. The Power of Storytelling Storytelling is a potent tool in persuasive advertising. A well-told story can transport the listener to a different world, stir emotions, and, most importantly, make the message of the advertisement memorable. By creating narratives that consumers can identify with, advertisers increase the likelihood that the messages conveyed are not only received but also acted upon. Techniques Used in Persuasive Advertising Advertisers have mastered a variety of techniques to sway consumers’ opinions and motivate them to make a purchase. Let’s dive into some of the most prevalent strategies: Repetition can ingrain a product or brand name in the consumer’s mind. This increases brand recognition and can create a sense of familiarity. When consumers feel familiar with a product, they may be more likely to purchase it over a lesser-known competitor. The “Join the crowd” or bandwagon approach taps into the consumer’s fear of missing out (FOMO) and the desire to belong. This technique suggests that because others are doing something, you should too. It plays on the social proof principle, making you feel that you’re out of the loop if you don’t follow suit. Appeals to Rationality In contrast to emotional appeal, some advertisements focus on rational arguments. This can include highlighting product benefits, offering statistics and factual data, or showcasing cost-effectiveness and practical features. These appeals to rationality aim to engage the viewer’s logical decision-making process. Use of Testimonials and Endorsements Testimonials by satisfied customers or endorsements by celebrities can be particularly persuasive. Consumers often trust peer opinions or find aspirational value in figures that represent success or expertise. Related to testimonials, celebrities or influencers endorsing a product can have a powerful effect due to the authority and liking principles. People who admire or trust these figures are more likely to follow their advice or mimic their choices. Creating an Idealized World Some advertisements may create a vision of a perfect reality, achievable by using the advertised product. This technique plays on the consumers’ desires for a better life and can influence them to believe that the product is a step towards that idealized existence. Understanding Consumer Behavior In order to create persuasive messages, advertisers must also understand their audience. Consumer behavior is influenced by a myriad of factors that advertisers must take into account: Social and Cultural Influences Social and cultural backgrounds can significantly affect consumers’ purchasing choices. Advertisements that resonate with local customs, traditions, and social norms are likely to be more effective in those communities. Personal Identity and Self-Image Individuals often choose products that align with their self-image or how they wish to be perceived by others. Advertisers can target their messaging to align with, or help to shape, that desired self-image. Understanding the psychographics of an audience, which includes values, beliefs, lifestyle, and personality traits, allows for tailored advertisements that speak directly to a particular segment’s motivations and needs. Perceived Needs and Desires By playing on what consumers think they need or desire, advertisements can create a sense of urgency or importance around specific products or services, even if the need wasn’t previously recognized by the consumer. Challenges and Considerations While persuasive advertising can be highly effective, it doesn’t come without its challenges and ethical considerations: Desensitization and Skepticism Consumers exposed to a constant barrage of advertising may become desensitized or skeptical. Persuasive techniques that are overused or come across as insincere can backfire, leading to a loss of trust and interest. There’s a fine line between persuasion and manipulation. Advertisers must tread carefully to ensure their strategies don’t deceive or exploit their audience, or they risk damaging their brand’s reputation and customer trust. Adapting to Changing Consumer Awareness As consumers become more aware of persuasive strategies, advertisers must constantly evolve their approach. The rise of social media and online communities has led to more transparent and authentic forms of advertising, prioritizing genuine engagement over traditional sales tactics. Persuasive advertising is an art that straddles the boundary between influence and manipulation. Understanding the underlying psychological principles can help explain why certain advertising techniques work. It requires a delicate balance, a deep understanding of consumer behavior, and an ongoing willingness to adapt to the ever-changing landscape of consumer demands and media platforms. The most successful advertising campaigns tap into emotions, fulfill desires, reflect societal values, and connect with consumers on a personal level. In doing so, they wield the immense power of persuasion responsibly and effectively, resulting in not only a successful sale but also a positive and lasting relationship with the consumer. Whether through storytelling, social proof, or portrayals of an idealized reality, the ultimate goal remains the same: to persuade consumers that their lives can be improved in some way through the purchase of the product or service being offered. Frequently Asked Questions What is persuasive advertising? Persuasive advertising is a technique used in marketing that aims to influence the audience’s emotions, preferences, and actions regarding a product or service. It employs a variety of strategies such as emotional appeal, logical arguments, and credibility to convince consumers to make a purchase or adopt a certain belief. How does persuasive advertising utilize emotions? Emotional appeal is a key component of persuasive advertising. Advertisers may use storytelling, evocative imagery, or music to tap into consumers’ emotions such as happiness, fear, excitement, or nostalgia. By creating an emotional connection, brands hope to make their products more memorable and appealing, which may influence consumers’ decision-making processes. Can persuasive advertising affect subconscious decision-making? Yes, persuasive advertising can affect subconscious decision-making. Through techniques like subliminal messages, repetition, and association, advertisements can shape consumer preferences and attitudes without their full awareness. As a result, individuals might feel drawn to certain brands or products without completely understanding the influence of advertising on their choices. What role does social proof play in persuasive advertising? Social proof is a psychological phenomenon where people copy the actions of others in an attempt to reflect correct behavior. Advertisers use social proof by showing endorsements from celebrities, customer testimonials, or popularity statistics to suggest that a product is widely accepted and reputable, thereby persuading more individuals to follow suit. Is persuasive advertising ethical? The ethics of persuasive advertising are often debated. While it can be seen as a natural part of commerce and providing consumers with choices, it comes under scrutiny when it manipulates or deceives consumers, targets vulnerable populations, or promotes harmful products. Ethical advertising should always be truthful, fair, and respectful of the audience’s autonomy. How do persuasive advertisements build brand credibility? Brand credibility can be built through the use of authoritative figures, expert testimonials, and displaying awards or certifications. By presenting a brand as trusted and knowledgeable, persuasive advertisements can foster consumer confidence and loyalty, which are essential for long-term brand success. What is the scarcity principle in persuasive advertising? The scarcity principle suggests that people are more likely to desire something that appears to be in limited supply. Persuasive advertising capitalizes on this by creating a sense of urgency through limited-time offers, exclusive deals, or highlighting the rarity of a product. This technique encourages consumers to act quickly to avoid missing out. How important is consistency in persuasive advertising? Consistency is crucial in persuasive advertising as it helps to establish brand recognition and reinforces the message. Repeating key themes, slogans, and branding elements across various platforms ensures that the consumer can easily identify the brand and remember its message. It also helps in building trust and credibility over time. What is the importance of understanding the target audience in persuasive advertising? Understanding the target audience is fundamental in persuasive advertising because it allows marketers to tailor their messages to the specific values, needs, and behaviors of that group. Effective communication can only occur when the advertisement resonates with the audience, which increases the likelihood of successful persuasion. Does persuasive advertising always lead to a sale? While persuasive advertising increases the likelihood of a sale, it does not guarantee it. Many factors influence a consumer’s buying decision, including personal preferences, budget constraints, and competing products. Persuasive advertising is most effective when it is part of a broader, strategic marketing approach.

When you think of peace, what is the first thing that comes to mind? More often than not, people visualize a pure white dove carrying an olive branch in its beak. It’s an iconic image that has transcended time and culture to become a universal symbol of harmony and tranquility. But have you ever wondered why the dove with the olive branch represents peace? The history behind this symbol dates back to ancient Greek mythology, where the goddess Athena was believed to have bestowed the olive tree to the city of Athens in a competition with Neptune. This tree then became a sacred symbol of peace and prosperity, and olive branches were often given as prizes to the winners of athletic competitions. The dove, on the other hand, was adopted as a symbol of peace in Christianity, where it was said to have returned to Noah’s ark with an olive twig, signaling the end of the flood. Combine these two symbols together, and you have the powerful image of a dove carrying an olive branch, representing the hope and promise of a peaceful future. For centuries, the dove with the olive branch has been used in paintings, literature, and even political propaganda to represent peace. It’s a timeless symbol that highlights humanity’s yearning for unity and a better world. Even in today’s modern era, the image of a dove with an olive branch continues to inspire and motivate those who seek to create a more harmonious society. So, next time you see this iconic symbol, take a moment to reflect on the meaning behind it and the hope it represents for a peaceful future. History of the Dove and Olive Branch Symbol The dove and olive branch symbolize peace and have long been used as a symbol of peace and hope. There is evidence of this symbol being used in ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, and it has also been found in early Jewish and Christian art. However, the symbol gained widespread popular recognition after it was used by early Christians as a symbol of the peace and hope that came with the story of Noah’s Ark. According to the story, after the flood, Noah sent out a dove to find land, and it came back with an olive branch in its beak, indicating that land was near. - The ancient Greeks also associated the dove with the goddess of love, Aphrodite, and her son, Eros. They believed that the dove symbolized love, grace, and gentleness. - In the Bible, the dove is also associated with the Holy Spirit, and it is said that during Jesus’ baptism, the Holy Spirit descended on him like a dove. - The dove and olive branch were also used by the Hebrews as a symbol of peace and safety, appearing in the book of Genesis as a sign from God after the flood. Throughout history, the symbol has been used in various ways, including on coats of arms, seals, and flags. The dove and olive branch were also used as a symbol of the peace movement during the 1960s. Today, the symbol still holds significant meaning, and it is frequently used by organizations working towards peace and reconciliation. The following table summarizes the history of the dove and olive branch symbol: |Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia |Symbol of peace and hope |Symbol of love, grace, and gentleness |Early Jewish and Christian art |Symbol of peace and hope |Symbol of peace and hope associated with the story of Noah’s Ark and later, the Holy Spirit |Used on coats of arms and seals |Symbol of the peace movement Overall, the dove and olive branch symbol is a powerful reminder of our shared humanity and the hope for peace that we all share. Use of the symbol in classical mythology The depiction of a dove with an olive branch can be traced back to classical mythology. The story goes that after the great flood, Noah sends out a dove to search for dry land. The dove returns with an olive branch in its beak, signifying the end of the flood and the start of a new beginning. This story is widely regarded as the origin of the dove with an olive branch symbol. - In ancient Greece, the bird was associated with Aphrodite, the goddess of love, who was often depicted holding a dove. - In Roman mythology, the goddess of peace, Pax, is usually shown holding an olive branch and a scepter. - During the Renaissance, the symbol of a dove with an olive branch was used to represent the Holy Spirit in Christian art. The dove with an olive branch also appears in biblical stories. In the book of Genesis, it symbolizes peace and reconciliation between God and man. In the New Testament, it is used to represent the peace that Jesus brings through his teachings and sacrifice. It is a powerful symbol of hope and optimism, representing the potential for reconciliation and harmony in the world. The use of the dove with an olive branch as a symbol of peace continues to this day, and it is recognized around the world as a powerful emblem of hope and unity. From the United Nations to the Nobel Peace Prize, the dove with an olive branch can be seen as a reminder of our collective responsibility to work towards a more peaceful and harmonious world. |Dove with an olive branch |Peace, hope, and new beginnings |Wisdom, strategy, and warfare |Marriage, family, and childbirth Overall, the use of the dove with an olive branch as a symbol of peace and hope has been a recurring motif throughout history, and its roots can be traced back to classical mythology and the biblical story of Noah’s ark. It remains a powerful symbol that continues to inspire people around the world to work towards a more peaceful and harmonious future. Biblical references to the dove and olive branch The dove with the olive branch is a symbol that has been prominent in biblical history. It represents a message of peace, hope, and reconciliation. This symbol has been used in many religious and cultural contexts to express the desire for a peaceful resolution to issues and conflicts. Here are some notable biblical references to the dove and olive branch: - In Genesis 8:11, the story of Noah and the flood, the dove was sent out three times to find dry land. On the third journey, it returned with an olive branch in its beak, indicating the end of the flood and the beginning of a new era of peace and hope. - In Psalm 52:8, the writer compares himself to a green olive tree in the house of God, expressing the desire to put his trust in God’s mercy and righteousness. - In Matthew 3:16, when Jesus was baptized, the Holy Spirit descended on him in the form of a dove, symbolizing peace and the cleansing power of God. The table below provides a summary of some other significant references to the dove and olive branch in the Bible: |Instructions for healing and cleansing a person with a skin disease, involving the use of a live bird (dove or sparrow) and cedar wood, scarlet yarn, and hyssop. |Jesus advises his disciples to be wise and innocent like doves when they go out as missionaries in the world. |John’s vision of the throne room of God, where the seven spirits of God are represented as seven burning lamps, and the four living creatures around the throne have wings like a dove. These references demonstrate the powerful symbolism of the dove and olive branch as a representation of peace, hope, and the grace of God. It is a timeless image that continues to inspire and encourage people of all faiths to seek greater understanding, reconciliation, and love for one another. The symbol’s association with peace The image of a dove holding an olive branch is a powerful symbol that has been synonymous with peace for centuries. The dove itself is often seen as a representation of peace, purity, and innocence, while the olive branch is a symbol of reconciliation and hope. - One of the earliest recorded uses of the dove and olive branch as a symbol of peace was in ancient Greek mythology. The goddess Athena was said to have been born fully grown, armored, and carrying an olive branch. She offered this branch as a symbol of peace to the people of Athens when she became their patron deity. - During the Renaissance, artists began using the dove with an olive branch as a symbol of the Holy Spirit, which was believed to bring peace and salvation to the world. - In modern times, the image of a dove carrying an olive branch has been used extensively as a symbol of peace, particularly in the context of political and social movements. But why specifically an olive branch? The olive tree has long been a symbol of peace, prosperity, and hope. In ancient times, the Greeks believed that the olive tree was a gift from the goddess Athena, and it came to represent peace and security. The Romans also revered the olive tree as a symbol of peace, and they would often crown victorious athletes and soldiers with wreaths made from its leaves. The olive branch, in particular, has a long history as a symbol of reconciliation. In the Bible, the story of Noah and the flood tells of how Noah sent out a dove to find dry land, and the dove returned with an olive branch in its beak, signaling the end of the flood and the beginning of a new era of peace and prosperity. |Peace and security |Victory and success |Reconciliation and hope Today, the dove with an olive branch is recognized all over the world as a symbol of peace and hope. It has been used to represent everything from anti-war protests to environmental movements. The image of a dove with an olive branch may seem simplistic, but its message is powerful and timeless. It reminds us that peace is possible, and that we must strive for it every day in our personal lives, in our communities, and in the wider world. Use of the Symbol in Political Movements The dove with the olive branch has been adopted by various political movements throughout history as a symbol of peace, unity, and hope. Here are some examples: - The Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND): The CND was founded in the UK in 1958, at a time when the world was living in fear of nuclear war. The organization adopted a logo that featured a white dove, with an olive branch in its beak, against a circular background. The logo quickly became a symbol of the anti-war movement, and is still used to this day. - The Anti-Vietnam War Movement: During the 1960s and 1970s, the anti-Vietnam War movement used the dove with the olive branch as a symbol of peace. The image was often used in posters and other protest artwork, and was seen as a powerful reminder of the need to end the conflict and bring about a peaceful resolution. - The Solidarity Movement: In the 1980s, the Solidarity movement in Poland adopted the dove with the olive branch as a symbol of their struggle for freedom and democracy. The image became synonymous with their cause, and was seen as a powerful reminder of the need for peaceful collective action against oppressive regimes. It is worth noting that while the dove with the olive branch has been used by various political movements, it is not limited to any one ideology or political affiliation. Rather, it is a symbol that transcends borders and speaks to the universal desire for peace and unity. Below is a table that summarizes some of the key political movements that have used the dove with the olive branch as a symbol: |Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND) |A UK-based organization that advocates for nuclear disarmament. Adopted the dove with the olive branch as its logo in 1958. |Anti-Vietnam War Movement |A social and political movement that opposed the US involvement in the Vietnam War. Used the dove with the olive branch as a symbol of peace during protests and demonstrations. |A Polish social movement that opposed the communist regime in the 1980s. Adopted the dove with the olive branch as a symbol of their struggle for freedom and democracy. Overall, the use of the dove with the olive branch in political movements is a testament to the enduring power of the symbol. It speaks to our shared desire for peace and unity, and serves as a reminder of the importance of striving towards these goals, both individually and collectively. The Dove and Olive Branch in Art and Literature Throughout history, the dove with an olive branch has been a symbol of peace, hope, and renewal. It has been depicted in various forms of art and literature, inspiring people to embrace peace and harmony. One of the earliest instances of the dove with an olive branch is recorded in the Bible. In the book of Genesis, the story of Noah’s Ark tells how Noah sent a dove out to find dry land after the flood. When the dove returned, it held an olive branch in its beak, signaling that the floodwaters had receded and the land was safe. - In art - The dove with an olive branch has long been a popular subject in art, particularly religious art. During the Renaissance, it was a common symbol in paintings of the Madonna and Child. - Pablo Picasso’s famous anti-war painting, “The Dove,” features a simple, white dove with an olive branch. The image became an international symbol of peace during the 20th century. - Today, the dove with an olive branch continues to inspire artists. From murals to graffiti art, the image remains a potent symbol of peace. In literature, the dove with an olive branch is a recurring theme. It is often used to symbolize hope and new beginnings, particularly after a difficult or tragic event. The poet John Keats, in his poem “The Eve of St. Agnes,” uses the image of the dove with an olive branch as a symbol of hope in the midst of despair. The dove is depicted as a messenger of peace and an omen of good things to come. The dove with an olive branch has also appeared in popular culture. For example, it has been featured in movies such as “Braveheart” and “V for Vendetta” as a symbol of resistance against oppression and injustice. |Artists and Works |Depiction of Dove and Olive Branch |Sandro Botticelli’s “Madonna and Child with an Angel” |The dove perches on the Madonna’s wrist while holding an olive branch in its beak. |Michelangelo’s Sistine Chapel Ceiling |The dove with an olive branch is seen in the center of the ceiling fresco, “The Flood.” |Picasso’s “The Dove” |A simple, white dove holding an olive branch in its beak is depicted against a blue background. Overall, the dove with an olive branch is an enduring symbol of peace and hope in all forms of art and literature. Its message of renewal and harmony continues to inspire people around the world. Variations of the Symbol in Different Cultures The dove with the olive branch symbol has been used across cultures and throughout history to represent peace, love, and hope. However, the ways in which the symbol is represented can vary depending on the culture and context. One interesting variation is the significance of the number 7 in the symbolism of the dove with the olive branch. - In Christianity, the number 7 is significant because it represents completeness and perfection. The story of Noah’s Ark says that the flood lasted for 40 days and 40 nights before the dove brought back an olive branch, but the dove was sent out three times before that, making a total of 7 times the dove was sent out. This symbolism of 7 is also seen in the Book of Revelation, where there are 7 churches and 7 spirits. - In Islam, the number 7 is also seen as a symbol of completion and perfection. The story of the dove with the olive branch is connected to the story of Adam and Eve, where the dove was sent to guide them towards food and water after being cast out of paradise. The dove flew to 7 different trees before returning with an olive leaf, which is seen as a sign of God’s mercy. - In Native American cultures, the dove with the olive branch symbolizes peace and friendship between different tribes. The number 7 is also significant in many tribes, where it represents the 7 directions and the 7 stages of life. As we can see, the symbolism of the dove with the olive branch can vary widely depending on the culture and historical context. The Dove and Olive Branch in Modern Popular Culture In today’s world, the dove and olive branch symbol have gained immense popularity and attention due to its profound meaning and association with peace. The symbol can be spotted in various aspects of modern culture, from politics to fashion. Number 8: Dove and Olive Branch Tattoos Dove and olive branch tattoos have become increasingly popular in recent times. They are widely chosen by people who value peace, harmony, and tranquility. The tattoos can be designed in various styles, from minimalist to realistic, and can be placed on different parts of the body. Below are some popular dove and olive branch tattoo designs: - A black and white minimalist tattoo of a dove with olive branch - A realistic tattoo of a dove carrying an olive branch in its beak - A watercolor tattoo of an olive branch with a small dove sitting on it If you are considering getting a tattoo of a dove and olive branch, it is important to understand the meaning behind the design and ensure it aligns with your personal values and beliefs. The Symbolism of the Color of the Dove and Olive Branch When it comes to the symbolism of the dove and olive branch, the color of both plays a significant role in their meaning. The dove, typically depicted in pure white, has long been a symbol of peace, love, and purity. The color white is associated with cleanliness, innocence, and spiritual enlightenment, making it the perfect color to represent the gentle nature of the dove. In biblical times, doves were often used as a sacrificial animal, and the color white further symbolized the purity of their offering. The olive branch, on the other hand, is typically depicted in a light, greyish-green color. This color is closely associated with the tree that it comes from, which in turn is closely associated with peace and prosperity. The color green is also closely tied with nature and the environment, signifying growth, renewal, and fertility. All of these qualities closely resemble the overall message of the olive branch, which is to promote peace and unity amongst all people. - The color white of the dove symbolizes purity, innocence, and spiritual enlightenment. - The light, greyish-green color of the olive branch symbolizes peace, prosperity, growth, renewal, and fertility. Together, the white of the dove and the light green of the olive branch make for a powerful and impactful symbol of peace. The two colors not only complement each other but also amplify their individual meanings to create a more profound message. It’s also important to note that the number nine plays a significant role in the symbolism of the dove and olive branch. In biblical times, nine was known as the number of fulfillment, which meant that the dove returning with an olive branch in its beak was seen as a sign that the great flood was starting to recede. As such, the symbolism of the dove and olive branch can also represent the end of a troubling time and the beginning of a new, more peaceful era. |Purity, innocence, spiritual enlightenment |Peace, prosperity, growth, renewal, fertility Overall, the symbolism of the color of the dove and olive branch goes beyond their appearance and delves deep into their meaning. Both colors represent qualities that are closely tied to the idea of peace, making them the perfect symbols for promoting unity and harmony among all people. Controversies surrounding the use of the symbol The dove with the olive branch symbol is generally regarded as a peaceful and positive symbol. However, like many popular symbols, it has faced its share of controversies throughout history. Here are some of the most notable: - The use of the symbol by different groups: The dove with the olive branch is a universal symbol of peace and is often used by political and religious groups for their own purposes. Some groups have used the symbol to promote their own agendas, causing controversy and confusion among those who see the symbol as a universal message of peace. - The use of the symbol in different contexts: The dove with the olive branch can be interpreted differently depending on the context in which it is used. For example, some people see the symbol as a call for non-violent resistance, while others view it as a symbol of surrender. This can lead to controversy and confusion, particularly in contexts such as war and conflict resolution. - The historical use of the symbol: The dove with the olive branch has been used for thousands of years as a symbol of peace, but its historical uses have not always been positive. For example, in some ancient cultures, the dove was used in sacrificial ceremonies. Some people see this as a dark history that cannot be overlooked. Despite these controversies, the dove with the olive branch remains one of the most well-known and universally recognized symbols of peace in the world today. Table: A few notable controversies surrounding the use of the dove with the olive branch symbol. |Use by political and religious groups |Some groups have used the symbol for their own purposes, causing confusion and controversy. |Interpretation in different contexts |The symbol can be interpreted differently depending on the context in which it is used. |Dark historical uses |The dove with the olive branch has been used for thousands of years, including in some cultures for sacrificial ceremonies. Despite these controversies, the dove with the olive branch remains one of the most well-known and universally recognized symbols of peace in the world today. FAQs About What Does the Dove With the Olive Branch Symbolize 1. What does the dove with the olive branch symbolize in Christianity? The dove with the olive branch is most commonly understood to have been a symbol of peace and hope in Christianity. It is often associated with the story of Noah’s Ark in which a dove was sent out to find dry land and returned with an olive branch, indicating that the waters had receded and land was available for those on board. 2. What does the dove with the olive branch symbolize in other religions? In many other religions, the dove also represents peace, love, and purity. The use of the olive branch as a symbol of peace is also found in Greek mythology and ancient Roman culture. 3. What is the historical significance of the dove with the olive branch symbol? The use of the dove with the olive branch as a symbol dates back to ancient times and has been used by various cultures and religions throughout history. It has been a symbol of peaceful intentions, goodwill, and hope for a better future. 4. Why is the dove with the olive branch often used in art and literature? The dove with the olive branch has become a universal symbol of peace, making it a popular subject in art and literature. It has been used to convey messages of hope, love, and friendship, and to promote peace and understanding between nations. 5. Is the dove with the olive branch still relevant today? Yes, the dove with the olive branch remains an important symbol of peace and hope in modern times. It is often used in protests, rallies, and other movements calling for an end to war and violence. 6. What is the significance of the olive branch? In addition to representing peace, the olive branch is considered a symbol of abundance and prosperity. The olive tree itself is valued for its oil and fruits, and has been cultivated for thousands of years for its many uses. 7. Can the dove with the olive branch be used in daily life? Certainly! If you’re looking for a symbol of peace or hope to incorporate into your daily life, the dove with the olive branch is a great choice. You can wear it as jewelry, display it in your home, or even include it in your artwork or personal projects. Thank you for taking the time to learn about what the dove with the olive branch symbolizes. Whether you’re looking for a symbol to inspire you personally or you’re interested in the historical significance of this iconic image, the dove with the olive branch remains a powerful symbol of peace and hope. Don’t forget to check back for more interesting articles and engaging content!

Crassulaceae: Crassula ovata, stem and leaf succulent. Also, what is a moonstone succulent? Moonstone succulent (Pachyphytum Oviferum), is a beautiful small to medium size succulent belonging to the Crassulaceae family and is native to the mountains of Mexico. Thereof, are Moonstone succulents toxic? The moonstone plant is not considered as toxic to pets and humans. If ingested in large amounts, it may upset the stomach but there is no serious effect. The plant has quite a delicate form so better to keep them out of reach of toddlers and pets. How succulents are named? Scientific Names. The genus and species names together comprise the scientific name that every succulent is given when first described by a scientist. These species’ names are recognized by botanists, horticulturists, and gardeners, no matter where you go in the world. … The full name should be italicized. This succulent can grow in soil to a height of up to 10 cm and spreads around to 30 cm maximum around the soil as well. Stems are white and bare up to 15 leaves. The leaves have a varying color combination – they can be either blueish- purple or a faded blue-green. It is important to make sure you do not overwater Moonstones because when their roots sit in water for too long, they are likely to develop root rot and die. Make sure the soil has dried completely before watering. … When watering your Moonstone, avoid allowing the water to touch its leaves and do so deep into the soil. Over-watering is the most common cause of yellowing leaves on a succulent plant. Constantly wet soil can rot the plant’s roots, interfering with its ability to take up water and nutrients from the soil. Though it’s sometimes called the ‘stone of psychics,’ and thought to stimulate psychic perception and heighten intuition, moonstone is also known as the ‘traveler’s stone. … The blush color of pink moonstone adds to the stone’s mosaic of metaphors and meaning, giving it a hint of romanticism and femininity. Graptosedum is a classic that’s fun and easy to grow. Yes, the name sounds like grapes, but this succulent actually resembles Echeveria. Graptosedum’s compact leaves spiral around the stem and create rosettes at the top. It comes in a wide array of hues from purple to orange to white.