README.md

metadata

annotations_creators:
  - crowdsourced
language_creators:
  - machine-generated
language:
  - en
license:
  - cc-by-4.0
multilinguality:
  - monolingual
size_categories:
  - 10K<n<100K
source_datasets:
  - original
task_categories:
  - text-classification
task_ids:
  - acceptability-classification
paperswithcode_id: blimp
pretty_name: BLiMP
dataset_info:
  - config_name: adjunct_island
    features:
      - name: sentence_good
        dtype: string
      - name: sentence_bad
        dtype: string
      - name: field
        dtype: string
      - name: linguistics_term
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      - name: UID
        dtype: string
      - name: simple_LM_method
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      - name: one_prefix_method
        dtype: bool
      - name: two_prefix_method
        dtype: bool
      - name: lexically_identical
        dtype: bool
      - name: pair_id
        dtype: int32
    splits:
      - name: train
        num_bytes: 165894
        num_examples: 1000
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    dataset_size: 165894
  - config_name: anaphor_gender_agreement
    features:
      - name: sentence_good
        dtype: string
      - name: sentence_bad
        dtype: string
      - name: field
        dtype: string
      - name: linguistics_term
        dtype: string
      - name: UID
        dtype: string
      - name: simple_LM_method
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      - name: one_prefix_method
        dtype: bool
      - name: two_prefix_method
        dtype: bool
      - name: lexically_identical
        dtype: bool
      - name: pair_id
        dtype: int32
    splits:
      - name: train
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        num_examples: 1000
    download_size: 39201
    dataset_size: 130918
  - config_name: anaphor_number_agreement
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      - name: sentence_good
        dtype: string
      - name: sentence_bad
        dtype: string
      - name: field
        dtype: string
      - name: linguistics_term
        dtype: string
      - name: UID
        dtype: string
      - name: simple_LM_method
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      - name: one_prefix_method
        dtype: bool
      - name: two_prefix_method
        dtype: bool
      - name: lexically_identical
        dtype: bool
      - name: pair_id
        dtype: int32
    splits:
      - name: train
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        num_examples: 1000
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    dataset_size: 139879
  - config_name: animate_subject_passive
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      - name: sentence_good
        dtype: string
      - name: sentence_bad
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      - name: field
        dtype: string
      - name: linguistics_term
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      - name: UID
        dtype: string
      - name: simple_LM_method
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      - name: one_prefix_method
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      - name: two_prefix_method
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      - name: lexically_identical
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      - name: pair_id
        dtype: int32
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    dataset_size: 144423
  - config_name: animate_subject_trans
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      - name: field
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      - name: linguistics_term
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      - name: UID
        dtype: string
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  - config_name: causative
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      - name: linguistics_term
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      - name: UID
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        dtype: int32
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  - config_name: complex_NP_island
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  - config_name: coordinate_structure_constraint_complex_left_branch
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  - config_name: coordinate_structure_constraint_object_extraction
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  - config_name: determiner_noun_agreement_1
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  - config_name: determiner_noun_agreement_2
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      - name: pair_id
        dtype: int32
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  - config_name: determiner_noun_agreement_irregular_1
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        dtype: string
      - name: sentence_bad
        dtype: string
      - name: field
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      - name: linguistics_term
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        dtype: int32
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  - config_name: determiner_noun_agreement_irregular_2
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  - config_name: determiner_noun_agreement_with_adj_2
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        dtype: string
      - name: sentence_bad
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      - name: field
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      - name: linguistics_term
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  - config_name: determiner_noun_agreement_with_adj_irregular_1
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        dtype: string
      - name: sentence_bad
        dtype: string
      - name: field
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      - name: linguistics_term
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  - config_name: determiner_noun_agreement_with_adj_irregular_2
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  - config_name: determiner_noun_agreement_with_adjective_1
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  - config_name: distractor_agreement_relational_noun
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      - name: linguistics_term
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    splits:
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  - config_name: distractor_agreement_relative_clause
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  - config_name: drop_argument
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    splits:
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  - config_name: ellipsis_n_bar_1
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  - config_name: ellipsis_n_bar_2
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  - config_name: existential_there_object_raising
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  - config_name: existential_there_quantifiers_1
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  - config_name: existential_there_quantifiers_2
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  - config_name: existential_there_subject_raising
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  - config_name: expletive_it_object_raising
    features:
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  - config_name: inchoative
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  - config_name: intransitive
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  - config_name: irregular_past_participle_adjectives
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  - config_name: irregular_past_participle_verbs
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  - config_name: irregular_plural_subject_verb_agreement_1
    features:
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  - config_name: irregular_plural_subject_verb_agreement_2
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  - config_name: left_branch_island_echo_question
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        num_examples: 1000
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    dataset_size: 149235
  - config_name: left_branch_island_simple_question
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      - name: field
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      - name: linguistics_term
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        dtype: int32
    splits:
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        num_examples: 1000
    download_size: 343450
    dataset_size: 151455
  - config_name: matrix_question_npi_licensor_present
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      - name: sentence_good
        dtype: string
      - name: sentence_bad
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      - name: field
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      - name: linguistics_term
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    splits:
      - name: train
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        num_examples: 1000
    download_size: 457806
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  - config_name: npi_present_1
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        dtype: string
      - name: sentence_bad
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      - name: field
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      - name: linguistics_term
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      - name: train
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        num_examples: 1000
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  - config_name: npi_present_2
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        dtype: string
      - name: sentence_bad
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      - name: field
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      - name: linguistics_term
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  - config_name: only_npi_licensor_present
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      - name: sentence_bad
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      - name: field
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      - name: linguistics_term
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  - config_name: only_npi_scope
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      - name: sentence_bad
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      - name: field
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      - name: linguistics_term
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        dtype: int32
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    download_size: 583720
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  - config_name: passive_1
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      - name: linguistics_term
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  - config_name: passive_2
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      - name: linguistics_term
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  - config_name: principle_A_c_command
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      - name: sentence_bad
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      - name: linguistics_term
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  - config_name: principle_A_case_1
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      - name: linguistics_term
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  - config_name: principle_A_case_2
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  - config_name: principle_A_domain_1
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  - config_name: principle_A_domain_2
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  - config_name: principle_A_domain_3
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      - name: linguistics_term
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  - config_name: principle_A_reconstruction
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  - config_name: regular_plural_subject_verb_agreement_1
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  - config_name: regular_plural_subject_verb_agreement_2
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      - name: linguistics_term
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  - config_name: sentential_negation_npi_licensor_present
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      - name: linguistics_term
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  - config_name: sentential_negation_npi_scope
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      - name: linguistics_term
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  - config_name: sentential_subject_island
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  - config_name: superlative_quantifiers_1
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      - name: linguistics_term
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  - config_name: superlative_quantifiers_2
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      - name: linguistics_term
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  - config_name: tough_vs_raising_1
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      - name: linguistics_term
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  - config_name: tough_vs_raising_2
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      - name: linguistics_term
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        dtype: int32
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  - config_name: transitive
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      - name: linguistics_term
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        dtype: bool
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        dtype: int32
    splits:
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  - config_name: wh_island
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      - name: linguistics_term
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  - config_name: wh_questions_object_gap
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  - config_name: wh_questions_subject_gap
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      - name: linguistics_term
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  - config_name: wh_questions_subject_gap_long_distance
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        dtype: string
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      - name: linguistics_term
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  - config_name: wh_vs_that_no_gap
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      - name: linguistics_term
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        dtype: int32
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  - config_name: wh_vs_that_no_gap_long_distance
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        dtype: string
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      - name: linguistics_term
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        dtype: int32
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  - config_name: wh_vs_that_with_gap
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        dtype: string
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        dtype: string
      - name: linguistics_term
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  - config_name: wh_vs_that_with_gap_long_distance
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        dtype: string
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    splits:
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configs:
  - config_name: adjunct_island
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: adjunct_island/train-*
  - config_name: anaphor_gender_agreement
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: anaphor_gender_agreement/train-*
  - config_name: anaphor_number_agreement
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: anaphor_number_agreement/train-*
  - config_name: animate_subject_passive
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: animate_subject_passive/train-*
  - config_name: animate_subject_trans
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: animate_subject_trans/train-*
  - config_name: causative
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: causative/train-*
  - config_name: complex_NP_island
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: complex_NP_island/train-*
  - config_name: coordinate_structure_constraint_complex_left_branch
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: coordinate_structure_constraint_complex_left_branch/train-*
  - config_name: coordinate_structure_constraint_object_extraction
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: coordinate_structure_constraint_object_extraction/train-*
  - config_name: determiner_noun_agreement_1
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: determiner_noun_agreement_1/train-*
  - config_name: determiner_noun_agreement_2
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: determiner_noun_agreement_2/train-*
  - config_name: determiner_noun_agreement_irregular_1
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: determiner_noun_agreement_irregular_1/train-*
  - config_name: determiner_noun_agreement_irregular_2
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: determiner_noun_agreement_irregular_2/train-*
  - config_name: determiner_noun_agreement_with_adj_2
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: determiner_noun_agreement_with_adj_2/train-*
  - config_name: determiner_noun_agreement_with_adj_irregular_1
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: determiner_noun_agreement_with_adj_irregular_1/train-*
  - config_name: determiner_noun_agreement_with_adj_irregular_2
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: determiner_noun_agreement_with_adj_irregular_2/train-*
  - config_name: determiner_noun_agreement_with_adjective_1
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: determiner_noun_agreement_with_adjective_1/train-*
  - config_name: distractor_agreement_relational_noun
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: distractor_agreement_relational_noun/train-*
  - config_name: distractor_agreement_relative_clause
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: distractor_agreement_relative_clause/train-*
  - config_name: drop_argument
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: drop_argument/train-*
  - config_name: ellipsis_n_bar_1
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: ellipsis_n_bar_1/train-*
  - config_name: ellipsis_n_bar_2
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: ellipsis_n_bar_2/train-*
  - config_name: existential_there_object_raising
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: existential_there_object_raising/train-*
  - config_name: existential_there_quantifiers_1
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: existential_there_quantifiers_1/train-*
  - config_name: existential_there_quantifiers_2
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: existential_there_quantifiers_2/train-*
  - config_name: existential_there_subject_raising
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: existential_there_subject_raising/train-*
  - config_name: expletive_it_object_raising
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: expletive_it_object_raising/train-*
  - config_name: inchoative
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: inchoative/train-*
  - config_name: intransitive
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: intransitive/train-*
  - config_name: irregular_past_participle_adjectives
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: irregular_past_participle_adjectives/train-*
  - config_name: irregular_past_participle_verbs
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: irregular_past_participle_verbs/train-*
  - config_name: irregular_plural_subject_verb_agreement_1
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: irregular_plural_subject_verb_agreement_1/train-*
  - config_name: irregular_plural_subject_verb_agreement_2
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: irregular_plural_subject_verb_agreement_2/train-*

Dataset Card for "blimp"

Table of Contents

• Dataset Description
  • Dataset Summary
  • Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
  • Languages
• Dataset Structure
  • Data Instances
  • Data Fields
  • Data Splits
• Dataset Creation
  • Curation Rationale
  • Source Data
  • Annotations
  • Personal and Sensitive Information
• Considerations for Using the Data
  • Social Impact of Dataset
  • Discussion of Biases
  • Other Known Limitations
• Additional Information
  • Dataset Curators
  • Licensing Information
  • Citation Information
  • Contributions

Dataset Description

• Homepage:
• Repository: https://github.com/alexwarstadt/blimp
• Paper: BLiMP: The Benchmark of Linguistic Minimal Pairs for English
• Point of Contact: More Information Needed
• Size of downloaded dataset files: 29.58 MB
• Size of the generated dataset: 11.45 MB
• Total amount of disk used: 41.03 MB

Dataset Summary

BLiMP is a challenge set for evaluating what language models (LMs) know about major grammatical phenomena in English. BLiMP consists of 67 sub-datasets, each containing 1000 minimal pairs isolating specific contrasts in syntax, morphology, or semantics. The data is automatically generated according to expert-crafted grammars.

Supported Tasks and Leaderboards

More Information Needed

Languages

More Information Needed

Dataset Structure

Data Instances

adjunct_island

• Size of downloaded dataset files: 0.36 MB
• Size of the generated dataset: 0.17 MB
• Total amount of disk used: 0.52 MB

An example of 'train' looks as follows.

{
    "UID": "tough_vs_raising_1",
    "field": "syntax_semantics",
    "lexically_identical": false,
    "linguistics_term": "control_raising",
    "one_prefix_method": false,
    "pair_id": 2,
    "sentence_bad": "Benjamin's tutor was certain to boast about.",
    "sentence_good": "Benjamin's tutor was easy to boast about.",
    "simple_LM_method": true,
    "two_prefix_method": false
}

anaphor_gender_agreement

• Size of downloaded dataset files: 0.44 MB
• Size of the generated dataset: 0.14 MB
• Total amount of disk used: 0.57 MB

An example of 'train' looks as follows.

{
    "UID": "tough_vs_raising_1",
    "field": "syntax_semantics",
    "lexically_identical": false,
    "linguistics_term": "control_raising",
    "one_prefix_method": false,
    "pair_id": 2,
    "sentence_bad": "Benjamin's tutor was certain to boast about.",
    "sentence_good": "Benjamin's tutor was easy to boast about.",
    "simple_LM_method": true,
    "two_prefix_method": false
}

anaphor_number_agreement

• Size of downloaded dataset files: 0.45 MB
• Size of the generated dataset: 0.14 MB
• Total amount of disk used: 0.59 MB

An example of 'train' looks as follows.

{
    "UID": "tough_vs_raising_1",
    "field": "syntax_semantics",
    "lexically_identical": false,
    "linguistics_term": "control_raising",
    "one_prefix_method": false,
    "pair_id": 2,
    "sentence_bad": "Benjamin's tutor was certain to boast about.",
    "sentence_good": "Benjamin's tutor was easy to boast about.",
    "simple_LM_method": true,
    "two_prefix_method": false
}

animate_subject_passive

• Size of downloaded dataset files: 0.46 MB
• Size of the generated dataset: 0.15 MB
• Total amount of disk used: 0.61 MB

An example of 'train' looks as follows.

{
    "UID": "tough_vs_raising_1",
    "field": "syntax_semantics",
    "lexically_identical": false,
    "linguistics_term": "control_raising",
    "one_prefix_method": false,
    "pair_id": 2,
    "sentence_bad": "Benjamin's tutor was certain to boast about.",
    "sentence_good": "Benjamin's tutor was easy to boast about.",
    "simple_LM_method": true,
    "two_prefix_method": false
}

animate_subject_trans

• Size of downloaded dataset files: 0.43 MB
• Size of the generated dataset: 0.13 MB
• Total amount of disk used: 0.57 MB

An example of 'train' looks as follows.

{
    "UID": "tough_vs_raising_1",
    "field": "syntax_semantics",
    "lexically_identical": false,
    "linguistics_term": "control_raising",
    "one_prefix_method": false,
    "pair_id": 2,
    "sentence_bad": "Benjamin's tutor was certain to boast about.",
    "sentence_good": "Benjamin's tutor was easy to boast about.",
    "simple_LM_method": true,
    "two_prefix_method": false
}

Data Fields

The data fields are the same among all splits.

adjunct_island

• sentence_good: a string feature.
• sentence_bad: a string feature.
• field: a string feature.
• linguistics_term: a string feature.
• UID: a string feature.
• simple_LM_method: a bool feature.
• one_prefix_method: a bool feature.
• two_prefix_method: a bool feature.
• lexically_identical: a bool feature.
• pair_id: a int32 feature.

anaphor_gender_agreement

• sentence_good: a string feature.
• sentence_bad: a string feature.
• field: a string feature.
• linguistics_term: a string feature.
• UID: a string feature.
• simple_LM_method: a bool feature.
• one_prefix_method: a bool feature.
• two_prefix_method: a bool feature.
• lexically_identical: a bool feature.
• pair_id: a int32 feature.

anaphor_number_agreement

• sentence_good: a string feature.
• sentence_bad: a string feature.
• field: a string feature.
• linguistics_term: a string feature.
• UID: a string feature.
• simple_LM_method: a bool feature.
• one_prefix_method: a bool feature.
• two_prefix_method: a bool feature.
• lexically_identical: a bool feature.
• pair_id: a int32 feature.

animate_subject_passive

• sentence_good: a string feature.
• sentence_bad: a string feature.
• field: a string feature.
• linguistics_term: a string feature.
• UID: a string feature.
• simple_LM_method: a bool feature.
• one_prefix_method: a bool feature.
• two_prefix_method: a bool feature.
• lexically_identical: a bool feature.
• pair_id: a int32 feature.

animate_subject_trans

• sentence_good: a string feature.
• sentence_bad: a string feature.
• field: a string feature.
• linguistics_term: a string feature.
• UID: a string feature.
• simple_LM_method: a bool feature.
• one_prefix_method: a bool feature.
• two_prefix_method: a bool feature.
• lexically_identical: a bool feature.
• pair_id: a int32 feature.

Data Splits

name	train
adjunct_island	1000
anaphor_gender_agreement	1000
anaphor_number_agreement	1000
animate_subject_passive	1000
animate_subject_trans	1000

Dataset Creation

Curation Rationale

More Information Needed

Source Data

Initial Data Collection and Normalization

More Information Needed

Who are the source language producers?

More Information Needed

Annotations

Annotation process

More Information Needed

Who are the annotators?

More Information Needed

Personal and Sensitive Information

More Information Needed

Considerations for Using the Data

Social Impact of Dataset

More Information Needed

Discussion of Biases

More Information Needed

Other Known Limitations

More Information Needed

Additional Information

Dataset Curators

More Information Needed

Licensing Information

BLiMP is distributed under a CC-BY license.

Citation Information

@article{warstadt2020blimp,
    author = {Warstadt, Alex and Parrish, Alicia and Liu, Haokun and Mohananey, Anhad and Peng, Wei and Wang, Sheng-Fu and Bowman, Samuel R.},
    title = {BLiMP: The Benchmark of Linguistic Minimal Pairs for English},
    journal = {Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
    volume = {8},
    number = {},
    pages = {377-392},
    year = {2020},
    doi = {10.1162/tacl\_a\_00321},
    URL = {https://doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00321},
    eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00321},
    abstract = { We introduce The Benchmark of Linguistic Minimal Pairs (BLiMP),1 a challenge set for evaluating the linguistic knowledge of language models (LMs) on major grammatical phenomena in English. BLiMP consists of 67 individual datasets, each containing 1,000 minimal pairs—that is, pairs of minimally different sentences that contrast in grammatical acceptability and isolate specific phenomenon in syntax, morphology, or semantics. We generate the data according to linguist-crafted grammar templates, and human aggregate agreement with the labels is 96.4\%. We evaluate n-gram, LSTM, and Transformer (GPT-2 and Transformer-XL) LMs by observing whether they assign a higher probability to the acceptable sentence in each minimal pair. We find that state-of-the-art models identify morphological contrasts related to agreement reliably, but they struggle with some subtle semantic and syntactic phenomena, such as negative polarity items and extraction islands. }
}

Contributions

Thanks to @lhoestq, @patrickvonplaten, @thomwolf for adding this dataset.