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Grease had bad reviews. | Grease is a 1978 American musical romantic comedy film based on Jim Jacobs and Warren Casey 's musical of the same name . The film depicts the life of Rydell High School students Danny Zuko and Sandy Olsson in the late 1950s . Directed by Randal Kleiser and written by Bronte Woodard , the film stars John Travolta as Danny , Olivia Newton-John as Sandy and Stockard Channing as Betty Rizzo . Grease was successful both critically and commercially . Its soundtrack album ended 1978 as the second-best selling album of the year in the United States , behind the soundtrack of Saturday Night Fever . A sequel , Grease 2 , was released in 1982 , starring Maxwell Caulfield and Michelle Pfeiffer . Only a few of the original cast members reprised their roles . | [
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"Grease is a 1978 American musical romantic comedy film based on Jim Jacobs and Warren Casey 's musical of the same name . The film depicts the life of Rydell High School students Danny Zuko and Sandy Olsson in the late 1950s . Directed by Randal Kleiser and written by Bronte Woodard , the film stars John Travolta as Danny , Olivia Newton-John as Sandy and Stockard Channing as Betty Rizzo . Grease was successful both critically and commercially . Its soundtrack album ended 1978 as the second-best selling album of the year in the United States , behind the soundtrack of Saturday Night Fever . A sequel , Grease 2 , was released in 1982 , starring Maxwell Caulfield and Michelle Pfeiffer . Only a few of the original cast members reprised their roles . ",
"Grease : The Original Soundtrack from the Motion Picture is the original motion picture soundtrack for the 1978 film Grease . It was originally released by RSO Records . The song `` You 're the One That I Want '' was a US and UK # 1 for stars John Travolta and Olivia Newton-John . It sold 28 million copies worldwide . Besides performers John Travolta and Olivia Newton-John , the album also featured songs by rock n roll revival group Sha Na Na as well as the hit song `` Grease '' , a tune written by Barry Gibb -LRB- of the Bee Gees -RRB- and sung by Frankie Valli -LRB- of The Four Seasons -RRB- that was an additional U.S. number one . ",
"John Randal Kleiser -LRB- born July 20 , 1946 -RRB- is an American film director and producer , perhaps best known for directing the 1978 musical romantic comedy film Grease . ",
"`` Bad to the Bone '' is a 1982 song by George Thorogood and the Destroyers . Bad to the Bone may also refer to : Bad to the Bone -LRB- George Thorogood & The Destroyers album -RRB- , 1982 Bad to the Bone , a 1986 album by LA Dream Team Bad to the Bone -LRB- Inner Circle album -RRB- , 1992 , or the title song `` Bad to the Bone '' -LRB- Running Wild song -RRB- , 1989 `` Bad to the Bone '' -LRB- Kool G Rap & DJ Polo song -RRB- , 1990 Bad to the Bone -LRB- film -RRB- , a 1997 TV movie starring Kristy Swanson , David Chokachi and Jeremy London `` Bad to the Bone '' -LRB- CSI -RRB- , a fourth-season episode of the television series CSI : Crime Scene Investigation ",
"Bad Biology is a dark horror comedy film directed and produced by Frank Henenlotter and rapper R.A. the Rugged Man . It stars Charlee Danielson and Anthony Sneed as sexually unfulfilled people who are drawn together because of their mutated genitalia . It was released on DVD in the UK in 2009 , and in the US in 2010 . Reviews were positive . "
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Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic was a founding participant of the UN. | Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic | The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic -LRB- Ukrainian SSR or UkrSSR or UkSSR ; Украї́нська Радя́нська Соціалісти́чна Респу́бліка , Украї́нська РСР Украи́нская Сове́тская Социалисти́ческая Респу́блика , Украи́нская ССР see `` Name '' section below -RRB- , commonly referred to in English as Ukraine -LRB- -LSB- juːˈkreɪn -RSB- Україна , tr . Ukrayina -LSB- ukrɑˈjinɑ -RSB- -RRB- , was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union from its inception in 1922 to its breakup in 1991 . From 1919 -- 22 it was a sovereign state . Throughout this period Ukraine was referred to as a Soviet socialist state . It is referred to sometimes as Soviet Ukraine by some historians . The Ukrainian SSR was a founding member of the United Nations , although it was legally represented by the All-Union state in its affairs with countries outside of the Soviet Union . Upon the Soviet Union 's dissolution and perestroika , the Ukrainian SSR was transformed into the modern nation-state and renamed itself to Ukraine , although Ukraine 's new constitution was only ratified on 28 June 1996 . Throughout its 72-year history , the republic 's borders changed many times , with a significant portion of what is now Western Ukraine being annexed by Soviet forces in 1939 from the Republic of Poland , and the addition of Crimea in 1954 . From the start , the eastern city of Kharkiv served as the republic 's capital . However , in 1934 , the seat of government was subsequently moved to the city of Kiev , which remained the capital of newly independent Ukraine . Geographically , the Ukrainian SSR was situated in Eastern Europe to the north of the Black Sea , bordered by the Soviet republics of Moldavia , Byelorussia , and the Russian SFSR . The Ukrainian SSR 's border with Czechoslovakia formed the Soviet Union 's western-most border point . According to the Soviet Census of 1989 the republic had a population of 51,706,746 inhabitants , which fell sharply after the breakup of the Soviet Union . | [
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"The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic -LRB- Ukrainian SSR or UkrSSR or UkSSR ; Украї́нська Радя́нська Соціалісти́чна Респу́бліка , Украї́нська РСР Украи́нская Сове́тская Социалисти́ческая Респу́блика , Украи́нская ССР see `` Name '' section below -RRB- , commonly referred to in English as Ukraine -LRB- -LSB- juːˈkreɪn -RSB- Україна , tr . Ukrayina -LSB- ukrɑˈjinɑ -RSB- -RRB- , was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union from its inception in 1922 to its breakup in 1991 . From 1919 -- 22 it was a sovereign state . Throughout this period Ukraine was referred to as a Soviet socialist state . It is referred to sometimes as Soviet Ukraine by some historians . The Ukrainian SSR was a founding member of the United Nations , although it was legally represented by the All-Union state in its affairs with countries outside of the Soviet Union . Upon the Soviet Union 's dissolution and perestroika , the Ukrainian SSR was transformed into the modern nation-state and renamed itself to Ukraine , although Ukraine 's new constitution was only ratified on 28 June 1996 . Throughout its 72-year history , the republic 's borders changed many times , with a significant portion of what is now Western Ukraine being annexed by Soviet forces in 1939 from the Republic of Poland , and the addition of Crimea in 1954 . From the start , the eastern city of Kharkiv served as the republic 's capital . However , in 1934 , the seat of government was subsequently moved to the city of Kiev , which remained the capital of newly independent Ukraine . Geographically , the Ukrainian SSR was situated in Eastern Europe to the north of the Black Sea , bordered by the Soviet republics of Moldavia , Byelorussia , and the Russian SFSR . The Ukrainian SSR 's border with Czechoslovakia formed the Soviet Union 's western-most border point . According to the Soviet Census of 1989 the republic had a population of 51,706,746 inhabitants , which fell sharply after the breakup of the Soviet Union . ",
"The Soviet Union was dissolved on December 26 , 1991 . It was a result of the declaration number 142-Н of the Soviet of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union . The declaration acknowledged the independence of the former Soviet republics and created the Commonwealth of Independent States -LRB- CIS -RRB- , although five of the signatories ratified it much later or did not do it at all . On the previous day , Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev , the eighth and final leader of the Soviet Union , resigned , declared his office extinct , and handed over its powers -- including control of the Soviet nuclear missile launching codes -- to Russian President Boris Yeltsin . That evening at 7:32 , the Soviet flag was lowered from the Kremlin for the last time and replaced with the pre-revolutionary Russian flag . Previously , from August to December , all the individual republics , including Russia itself , had seceded from the union . The week before the union 's formal dissolution , 11 republics signed the Alma-Ata Protocol formally establishing the CIS and declaring that the Soviet Union had ceased to exist . Both the Revolutions of 1989 and the dissolution of the USSR also signalled the end of the Cold War . Several of the former Soviet republics have retained close links with the Russian Federation and formed multilateral organizations such as the Commonwealth of Independent States , Eurasian Economic Community , the Union State , the Eurasian Customs Union , and the Eurasian Economic Union to enhance economic and security cooperation . On the other hand , only the Baltic states have joined NATO and the European Union . ",
"The Soviet Union -LRB- -LSB- Сове́тский Сою́з , r = Sovetskiy Soyuz -RSB- -LSB- sɐ ` vʲetskʲɪj sɐˈjʉs -RSB- -RRB- , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics -LRB- USSR ; Сою́з Сове́тских Социалисти́ческих Респу́блик , -LSB- sɐˈjus sɐˈvʲɛtskʲɪx sətsɨəlʲɪsˈtʲitɕɪskʲɪx rʲɪˈspublʲɪk -RSB- -RRB- , also known unofficially as Russia -LRB- -LSB- Росси́я , Rossiya , rɐˈsʲijə -RSB- -RRB- , was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991 . Nominally a union of multiple equal national Soviet republics , its government and economy were highly centralized in a state that was unitary in most respects . The country was a one-party federation , governed by the Communist Party with Moscow as its capital . The Soviet Union had its roots in the October Revolution of 1917 , when the Bolsheviks , led by Vladimir Lenin , overthrew the Russian Provisional Government which had replaced Tsar Nicholas II . In 1922 , the Soviet Union was formed with the unification of the Russian , Transcaucasian , Ukrainian , and Byelorussian republics . Following Lenin 's death in 1924 and a brief power struggle , Joseph Stalin came to power in the mid-1920s . Stalin committed the state 's ideology to Marxism -- Leninism -LRB- which he created -RRB- , and initiated a centrally planned economy . As a result , the country underwent a period of rapid industrialization and collectivization . Political paranoia was also fomented around Stalin , and the Great Purge was carried out to remove his opponents from the Communist Party through arbitrary arrests and persecutions of many people . Shortly before World War II , Stalin signed the Molotov -- Ribbentrop Pact agreeing to non-aggression with Nazi Germany , after which the two countries invaded Poland in September 1939 . In June 1941 , Germany invaded the Soviet Union , opening the largest and bloodiest theater of war in history . Soviet war casualties accounted for the highest proportion of the conflict in the effort of acquiring the upper hand over Axis forces at intense battles such as Stalingrad . The territories overtaken by the Red Army became satellite states of the USSR . The Cold War emerged by 1947 as the Eastern Bloc which united under the Warsaw Pact in 1955 confronted the Western states which united under NATO in 1949 . Following Stalin 's death in 1953 , a period of political and economic liberalization , known as `` de-Stalinization '' and `` Khrushchev 's Thaw '' , occurred under the leadership of Nikita Khrushchev . The Soviet Union took an early lead in the Space Race , with the first artificial satellite and the first human spaceflight . In the 1970s , there was a brief détente of relations with the United States , but tensions resumed with the Soviet -- Afghan War in 1979 . In the mid-1980s , the last Soviet leader , Mikhail Gorbachev , sought to reform and liberalize the economy through his policies of glasnost and perestroika . The Cold War ended during his tenure , and in 1989 , Soviet satellite states in Eastern Europe overthrew their respective communist governments . This led to the rise of strong nationalist and separatist movements inside the USSR as well . The government initiated a referendum , boycotted by some Soviet republics , which resulted in the majority of participating citizens voting in favor of preserving the union as a renewed federation . In August 1991 , an abortive coup d'état was attempted by Communist Party hardliners . The Russian President Boris Yeltsin played a high-profile role in facing down the coup . On 25 December 1991 , Gorbachev resigned and the remaining twelve constituent republics emerged from the dissolution of the Soviet Union as independent post-Soviet states . The Russian Federation -- formerly the Russian SFSR -- assumed the Soviet Union 's rights and obligations and is recognized as the primary legal successor of the Soviet Union . ",
"The Communist International , abbreviated as Comintern and also known as the Third International -LRB- 1919 -- 1943 -RRB- , was an international communist organization that advocated world communism . The International intended to fight `` by all available means , including armed force , for the overthrow of the international bourgeoisie and for the creation of an international Soviet republic as a transition stage to the complete abolition of the State . '' The Comintern was founded after the 1915 Zimmerwald Conference in which Vladimir Lenin had organized the `` Zimmerwald Left '' against those who refused to approve any statement explicitly endorsing socialist revolutionary action , and after the 1916 dissolution of the Second International . The Comintern had seven World Congresses between 1919 and 1935 . It also had thirteen `` Enlarged Plenums '' of its governing Executive Committee , which had much the same function as the somewhat larger and more grandiose Congresses . The Comintern was officially dissolved by Joseph Stalin in 1943 . ",
"The coat of arms of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic was adopted on February 10 , 1941 by the government of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic . The coat of arms is based on the coat of arms of the Soviet Union . It shows symbols of agriculture , an outer rim featuring wheat , corn , grapes and clover . The red banner bears the Soviet Union state motto -LRB- `` Workers of the world , unite ! '' -RRB- in both the Russian and Moldovan languages . In Moldovan , it was initially '' Пролетарь дин тоате цэриле , униць-вэ ! '' , then , from the 1950s '' Пролетарь дин тоате цэриле , уници-вэ ! '' , both transliterated as `` Proletari din toate țările , uniți-vă ! '' . The acronym `` MSSR '' is shown only in Moldovan . The emblem was replaced on November 3 , 1990 by the present coat of arms of Moldova . The unrecognised Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic -LRB- also known as Transnistria -RRB- uses a similar state emblem . "
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Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic was a founding participant of the UN. | United_Nations | The United Nations -LRB- UN -RRB- is an intergovernmental organization to promote international co-operation and to create and maintain international order . A replacement for the ineffective League of Nations , the organization was established on 24 October 1945 after World War II in order to prevent another such conflict . At its founding , the UN had 51 member states ; there are now 193 . The headquarters of the UN is in Manhattan , New York City , and experiences extraterritoriality . Further main offices are situated in Geneva , Nairobi , and Vienna . The organization is financed by assessed and voluntary contributions from its member states . Its objectives include maintaining international peace and security , promoting human rights , fostering social and economic development , protecting the environment , and providing humanitarian aid in cases of famine , natural disaster , and armed conflict . The UN is the largest , most familiar , most internationally represented and most powerful intergovernmental organisation in the world . The UN Charter was drafted at a conference between April -- June 1945 in San Francisco , and was signed on 26 June 1945 at the conclusion of the conference ; this charter took effect 24 October 1945 , and the UN began operation . The UN 's mission to preserve world peace was complicated in its early decades by the Cold War between the US and Soviet Union and their respective allies . The organization participated in major actions in Korea and the Congo , as well as approving the creation of the state of Israel in 1947 . The organization 's membership grew significantly following widespread decolonization in the 1960s , and by the 1970s its budget for economic and social development programmes far outstripped its spending on peacekeeping . After the end of the Cold War , the UN took on major military and peacekeeping missions across the world with varying degrees of success . The UN has six principal organs : the General Assembly -LRB- the main deliberative assembly -RRB- ; the Security Council -LRB- for deciding certain resolutions for peace and security -RRB- ; the Economic and Social Council -LRB- ECOSOC ; for promoting international economic and social co-operation and development -RRB- ; the Secretariat -LRB- for providing studies , information , and facilities needed by the UN -RRB- ; the International Court of Justice -LRB- the primary judicial organ -RRB- ; and the UN Trusteeship Council -LRB- inactive since 1994 -RRB- . UN System agencies include the World Bank Group , the World Health Organization , the World Food Programme , UNESCO , and UNICEF . The UN 's most prominent officer is the Secretary-General , an office held by Portuguese António Guterres since 2017 . Non-governmental organizations may be granted consultative status with ECOSOC and other agencies to participate in the UN 's work . The organization won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2001 , and a number of its officers and agencies have also been awarded the prize . Other evaluations of the UN 's effectiveness have been mixed . Some commentators believe the organization to be an important force for peace and human development , while others have called the organization ineffective , corrupt , or biased . | [
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"The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic -LRB- Ukrainian SSR or UkrSSR or UkSSR ; Украї́нська Радя́нська Соціалісти́чна Респу́бліка , Украї́нська РСР Украи́нская Сове́тская Социалисти́ческая Респу́блика , Украи́нская ССР see `` Name '' section below -RRB- , commonly referred to in English as Ukraine -LRB- -LSB- juːˈkreɪn -RSB- Україна , tr . Ukrayina -LSB- ukrɑˈjinɑ -RSB- -RRB- , was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union from its inception in 1922 to its breakup in 1991 . From 1919 -- 22 it was a sovereign state . Throughout this period Ukraine was referred to as a Soviet socialist state . It is referred to sometimes as Soviet Ukraine by some historians . The Ukrainian SSR was a founding member of the United Nations , although it was legally represented by the All-Union state in its affairs with countries outside of the Soviet Union . Upon the Soviet Union 's dissolution and perestroika , the Ukrainian SSR was transformed into the modern nation-state and renamed itself to Ukraine , although Ukraine 's new constitution was only ratified on 28 June 1996 . Throughout its 72-year history , the republic 's borders changed many times , with a significant portion of what is now Western Ukraine being annexed by Soviet forces in 1939 from the Republic of Poland , and the addition of Crimea in 1954 . From the start , the eastern city of Kharkiv served as the republic 's capital . However , in 1934 , the seat of government was subsequently moved to the city of Kiev , which remained the capital of newly independent Ukraine . Geographically , the Ukrainian SSR was situated in Eastern Europe to the north of the Black Sea , bordered by the Soviet republics of Moldavia , Byelorussia , and the Russian SFSR . The Ukrainian SSR 's border with Czechoslovakia formed the Soviet Union 's western-most border point . According to the Soviet Census of 1989 the republic had a population of 51,706,746 inhabitants , which fell sharply after the breakup of the Soviet Union . ",
"The Soviet Union was dissolved on December 26 , 1991 . It was a result of the declaration number 142-Н of the Soviet of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union . The declaration acknowledged the independence of the former Soviet republics and created the Commonwealth of Independent States -LRB- CIS -RRB- , although five of the signatories ratified it much later or did not do it at all . On the previous day , Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev , the eighth and final leader of the Soviet Union , resigned , declared his office extinct , and handed over its powers -- including control of the Soviet nuclear missile launching codes -- to Russian President Boris Yeltsin . That evening at 7:32 , the Soviet flag was lowered from the Kremlin for the last time and replaced with the pre-revolutionary Russian flag . Previously , from August to December , all the individual republics , including Russia itself , had seceded from the union . The week before the union 's formal dissolution , 11 republics signed the Alma-Ata Protocol formally establishing the CIS and declaring that the Soviet Union had ceased to exist . Both the Revolutions of 1989 and the dissolution of the USSR also signalled the end of the Cold War . Several of the former Soviet republics have retained close links with the Russian Federation and formed multilateral organizations such as the Commonwealth of Independent States , Eurasian Economic Community , the Union State , the Eurasian Customs Union , and the Eurasian Economic Union to enhance economic and security cooperation . On the other hand , only the Baltic states have joined NATO and the European Union . ",
"The Soviet Union -LRB- -LSB- Сове́тский Сою́з , r = Sovetskiy Soyuz -RSB- -LSB- sɐ ` vʲetskʲɪj sɐˈjʉs -RSB- -RRB- , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics -LRB- USSR ; Сою́з Сове́тских Социалисти́ческих Респу́блик , -LSB- sɐˈjus sɐˈvʲɛtskʲɪx sətsɨəlʲɪsˈtʲitɕɪskʲɪx rʲɪˈspublʲɪk -RSB- -RRB- , also known unofficially as Russia -LRB- -LSB- Росси́я , Rossiya , rɐˈsʲijə -RSB- -RRB- , was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991 . Nominally a union of multiple equal national Soviet republics , its government and economy were highly centralized in a state that was unitary in most respects . The country was a one-party federation , governed by the Communist Party with Moscow as its capital . The Soviet Union had its roots in the October Revolution of 1917 , when the Bolsheviks , led by Vladimir Lenin , overthrew the Russian Provisional Government which had replaced Tsar Nicholas II . In 1922 , the Soviet Union was formed with the unification of the Russian , Transcaucasian , Ukrainian , and Byelorussian republics . Following Lenin 's death in 1924 and a brief power struggle , Joseph Stalin came to power in the mid-1920s . Stalin committed the state 's ideology to Marxism -- Leninism -LRB- which he created -RRB- , and initiated a centrally planned economy . As a result , the country underwent a period of rapid industrialization and collectivization . Political paranoia was also fomented around Stalin , and the Great Purge was carried out to remove his opponents from the Communist Party through arbitrary arrests and persecutions of many people . Shortly before World War II , Stalin signed the Molotov -- Ribbentrop Pact agreeing to non-aggression with Nazi Germany , after which the two countries invaded Poland in September 1939 . In June 1941 , Germany invaded the Soviet Union , opening the largest and bloodiest theater of war in history . Soviet war casualties accounted for the highest proportion of the conflict in the effort of acquiring the upper hand over Axis forces at intense battles such as Stalingrad . The territories overtaken by the Red Army became satellite states of the USSR . The Cold War emerged by 1947 as the Eastern Bloc which united under the Warsaw Pact in 1955 confronted the Western states which united under NATO in 1949 . Following Stalin 's death in 1953 , a period of political and economic liberalization , known as `` de-Stalinization '' and `` Khrushchev 's Thaw '' , occurred under the leadership of Nikita Khrushchev . The Soviet Union took an early lead in the Space Race , with the first artificial satellite and the first human spaceflight . In the 1970s , there was a brief détente of relations with the United States , but tensions resumed with the Soviet -- Afghan War in 1979 . In the mid-1980s , the last Soviet leader , Mikhail Gorbachev , sought to reform and liberalize the economy through his policies of glasnost and perestroika . The Cold War ended during his tenure , and in 1989 , Soviet satellite states in Eastern Europe overthrew their respective communist governments . This led to the rise of strong nationalist and separatist movements inside the USSR as well . The government initiated a referendum , boycotted by some Soviet republics , which resulted in the majority of participating citizens voting in favor of preserving the union as a renewed federation . In August 1991 , an abortive coup d'état was attempted by Communist Party hardliners . The Russian President Boris Yeltsin played a high-profile role in facing down the coup . On 25 December 1991 , Gorbachev resigned and the remaining twelve constituent republics emerged from the dissolution of the Soviet Union as independent post-Soviet states . The Russian Federation -- formerly the Russian SFSR -- assumed the Soviet Union 's rights and obligations and is recognized as the primary legal successor of the Soviet Union . ",
"The Communist International , abbreviated as Comintern and also known as the Third International -LRB- 1919 -- 1943 -RRB- , was an international communist organization that advocated world communism . The International intended to fight `` by all available means , including armed force , for the overthrow of the international bourgeoisie and for the creation of an international Soviet republic as a transition stage to the complete abolition of the State . '' The Comintern was founded after the 1915 Zimmerwald Conference in which Vladimir Lenin had organized the `` Zimmerwald Left '' against those who refused to approve any statement explicitly endorsing socialist revolutionary action , and after the 1916 dissolution of the Second International . The Comintern had seven World Congresses between 1919 and 1935 . It also had thirteen `` Enlarged Plenums '' of its governing Executive Committee , which had much the same function as the somewhat larger and more grandiose Congresses . The Comintern was officially dissolved by Joseph Stalin in 1943 . ",
"The coat of arms of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic was adopted on February 10 , 1941 by the government of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic . The coat of arms is based on the coat of arms of the Soviet Union . It shows symbols of agriculture , an outer rim featuring wheat , corn , grapes and clover . The red banner bears the Soviet Union state motto -LRB- `` Workers of the world , unite ! '' -RRB- in both the Russian and Moldovan languages . In Moldovan , it was initially '' Пролетарь дин тоате цэриле , униць-вэ ! '' , then , from the 1950s '' Пролетарь дин тоате цэриле , уници-вэ ! '' , both transliterated as `` Proletari din toate țările , uniți-vă ! '' . The acronym `` MSSR '' is shown only in Moldovan . The emblem was replaced on November 3 , 1990 by the present coat of arms of Moldova . The unrecognised Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic -LRB- also known as Transnistria -RRB- uses a similar state emblem . "
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2 Hearts is a musical composition by Minogue. | 2_Hearts_-LRB-Kylie_Minogue_song-RRB- | `` 2 Hearts '' is a song recorded by Australian singer Kylie Minogue for her tenth studio album , X -LRB- 2007 -RRB- . It was written and produced by Jim Eliot and Mima Stilwell of the British electropop group Kish Mauve . Initially , the song was released on 9 November 2007 by Parlophone . The song was Minogue 's first commercial single since she was diagnosed with breast cancer in May 2005 . After the announcement , Minogue took a hiatus between 2005 and 2006 to recover from her illness . The song is a cover version of a track originally recorded by Kish Mauve . Musically , the song is a pop rock-oriented song , which features elements of glam rock and Rock and roll . The song features instrumentation of electric guitars , guitars , drums , keyboards and piano riffs . The song also features `` whooo '' 's towards the singles chorus . Upon its release , `` 2 Hearts '' received mixed reviews from music critics . The song was praised for its departure of musical content and the song 's strength , however the song received criticism for the song 's production and felt it did n't live up to expectations . Commercially , the song was successful worldwide . The song managed to top the spot in her native Australia and Spain , while it peaked inside the top ten in countries Italy , Sweden , United Kingdom , Norway and Switzerland . Though the song was released in North America , the song did not manage to chart on any component Billboard charts , but did chart in Canada . The music video for `` 2 Hearts '' was directed by Dawn Shadforth and filmed at Shepperton Studios in London , England . It features Minogue performing the song on a stage , where she danced on a piano and featured the band playing along with the song . Additionally , the song was featured on three of Minogue 's tours . The song was first performed on her KylieX2008 Tour , where she played as an ` erotic bellboy ' . The stage featured a green set , with a gigantic skull behind her . The song was also featured on her North American tour For You , for Me , where it was featured in the middle of the setlist . The song was then added to the setlist of her Aphrodite World Tour , where it was performed in Japan only . | [
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"`` 2 Hearts '' is a song recorded by Australian singer Kylie Minogue for her tenth studio album , X -LRB- 2007 -RRB- . It was written and produced by Jim Eliot and Mima Stilwell of the British electropop group Kish Mauve . Initially , the song was released on 9 November 2007 by Parlophone . The song was Minogue 's first commercial single since she was diagnosed with breast cancer in May 2005 . After the announcement , Minogue took a hiatus between 2005 and 2006 to recover from her illness . The song is a cover version of a track originally recorded by Kish Mauve . Musically , the song is a pop rock-oriented song , which features elements of glam rock and Rock and roll . The song features instrumentation of electric guitars , guitars , drums , keyboards and piano riffs . The song also features `` whooo '' 's towards the singles chorus . Upon its release , `` 2 Hearts '' received mixed reviews from music critics . The song was praised for its departure of musical content and the song 's strength , however the song received criticism for the song 's production and felt it did n't live up to expectations . Commercially , the song was successful worldwide . The song managed to top the spot in her native Australia and Spain , while it peaked inside the top ten in countries Italy , Sweden , United Kingdom , Norway and Switzerland . Though the song was released in North America , the song did not manage to chart on any component Billboard charts , but did chart in Canada . The music video for `` 2 Hearts '' was directed by Dawn Shadforth and filmed at Shepperton Studios in London , England . It features Minogue performing the song on a stage , where she danced on a piano and featured the band playing along with the song . Additionally , the song was featured on three of Minogue 's tours . The song was first performed on her KylieX2008 Tour , where she played as an ` erotic bellboy ' . The stage featured a green set , with a gigantic skull behind her . The song was also featured on her North American tour For You , for Me , where it was featured in the middle of the setlist . The song was then added to the setlist of her Aphrodite World Tour , where it was performed in Japan only . ",
"One Too Many Hearts is the third EP by American indie pop duo The Bird and the Bee . It was released digitally on February 12 , 2008 by Blue Note Records . Inara `` Bird '' George provided lead vocals for the four tracks , while Greg `` Bee '' Kurstin plays the guitar and also produces the EP . ",
"`` Love Is a Drug '' is a song by Irish singer and songwriter and former member of Westlife Markus Feehily . The song was released in the United Kingdom as a digital download On 19 April 2015 through Harmoney Entertainment . It was released as the lead single from his debut studio album Fire -LRB- 2015 -RRB- . The song was written by Markus Feehily , Steve Anderson and Tinashé Fazakerley ; and produced by Mojam . The song has peaked at number 65 on the Irish Singles Chart and number 55 on the UK Singles Chart . ",
"`` Strong Heart '' is the song by Japanese singer Mai Kuraki for her tenth studio album , `` Over the Rainbow '' -LRB- 2012 -RRB- . It was written by Kuraki and GIORGIO 13 . This song was a released as a DVD single , under the name `` Strong Heart : from Mai Kuraki Premium Live One for all , All for one '' . ",
"`` Frozen Heart '' is a song from the 2013 Disney animated film Frozen , with music and lyrics by Kristen-Anderson Lopez and Robert Lopez and performed in the film 's prologue by a group of icemen . "
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The New Jersey Turnpike has zero shoulders. | New_Jersey_Turnpike | The New Jersey Turnpike -LRB- NJTP -RRB- , colloquially known to New Jerseyans as `` the Turnpike '' , is a toll road in New Jersey , maintained by the New Jersey Turnpike Authority . According to the International Bridge , Tunnel and Turnpike Association , the Turnpike is the nation 's sixth-busiest toll road and is one of the most heavily traveled highways in the United States . Having a total length of 122.40 mi , the Turnpike 's southern terminus begins at Interstate 295 -LRB- I-295 -RRB- near the border of Pennsville and Carneys Point Townships in Salem County , one mile east of the Delaware Memorial Bridge . Its northern terminus is located at the George Washington Bridge in Fort Lee , Bergen County . The Turnpike is a major thoroughfare providing access to various localities in New Jersey , as well as Delaware , Pennsylvania , and New York . The route divides into four roadways between exit 6 and exit 14 , with the inner lanes restricted to carrying only cars , and with the outer lanes for cars , trucks and buses . The northern part of the mainline turnpike , along with the entirety of its extensions and spurs , is part of the Interstate Highway System , designated as I-95 between exit 6 and its northern end . South of exit 6 , it has the unsigned Route 700 designation . There are two extensions and two spurs , including the Newark Bay Extension at exit 14 , which carries I-78 ; the Pennsylvania Turnpike Extension -LRB- officially the Pearl Harbor Memorial Turnpike Extension -RRB- at exit 6 ; and the Eastern Spur and the Western Spur at the turnpike 's northernmost end . Construction of the mainline from conceptualization to completion took 23 months , from 1950 to 1952 . It was officially opened to traffic in November 1951 , between its southern terminus and exit 10 . The Turnpike has 12 ft lanes , 10 ft shoulders , 13 rest areas named after notable residents of New Jersey , and unusual exit signage that was considered the pinnacle of highway building in the 1950s . The Interstate Highway System took some of its design guidelines by copying the Turnpike 's design guidelines . To some degree , the Turnpike is considered iconic in pop culture , having been referenced in music , film and television . | [
"New_Jersey_Turnpike",
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"Newburgh_and_Cochecton_Turnpike",
"List_of_U.S._Routes_in_New_Jersey",
"Port_Authority_of_New_York_and_New_Jersey"
] | [
"The New Jersey Turnpike -LRB- NJTP -RRB- , colloquially known to New Jerseyans as `` the Turnpike '' , is a toll road in New Jersey , maintained by the New Jersey Turnpike Authority . According to the International Bridge , Tunnel and Turnpike Association , the Turnpike is the nation 's sixth-busiest toll road and is one of the most heavily traveled highways in the United States . Having a total length of 122.40 mi , the Turnpike 's southern terminus begins at Interstate 295 -LRB- I-295 -RRB- near the border of Pennsville and Carneys Point Townships in Salem County , one mile east of the Delaware Memorial Bridge . Its northern terminus is located at the George Washington Bridge in Fort Lee , Bergen County . The Turnpike is a major thoroughfare providing access to various localities in New Jersey , as well as Delaware , Pennsylvania , and New York . The route divides into four roadways between exit 6 and exit 14 , with the inner lanes restricted to carrying only cars , and with the outer lanes for cars , trucks and buses . The northern part of the mainline turnpike , along with the entirety of its extensions and spurs , is part of the Interstate Highway System , designated as I-95 between exit 6 and its northern end . South of exit 6 , it has the unsigned Route 700 designation . There are two extensions and two spurs , including the Newark Bay Extension at exit 14 , which carries I-78 ; the Pennsylvania Turnpike Extension -LRB- officially the Pearl Harbor Memorial Turnpike Extension -RRB- at exit 6 ; and the Eastern Spur and the Western Spur at the turnpike 's northernmost end . Construction of the mainline from conceptualization to completion took 23 months , from 1950 to 1952 . It was officially opened to traffic in November 1951 , between its southern terminus and exit 10 . The Turnpike has 12 ft lanes , 10 ft shoulders , 13 rest areas named after notable residents of New Jersey , and unusual exit signage that was considered the pinnacle of highway building in the 1950s . The Interstate Highway System took some of its design guidelines by copying the Turnpike 's design guidelines . To some degree , the Turnpike is considered iconic in pop culture , having been referenced in music , film and television . ",
"This is a list of turnpike roads , built and operated by private companies in exchange for the privilege of collecting a toll , in the U.S. state of New Jersey , mainly in the 19th century . While most of the roads are now maintained as free public roads , some have been abandoned . -RCB- | Allentown - Imlaystown | CR 526 | - | Belleville Bridge and Turnpike Road Association | | | | - | Belleville Turnpike | | Belleville - Kearny | Route 7 | - | Belleville and Newark Plank Road | | | | - | Bergen Turnpike | | Hackensack - Ridgefield - Hoboken | Hudson Street , Bergen Turnpike , U.S. Route 1/9 , Bergen Turnpike , Hackensack Plank Road | - | Berlin and Haddonfield Turnpike | | Berlin - Haddonfield | CR 561 | - | Beverly and Charleston Turnpike | | | | - | Beverly and Mount Holly Plank Road or Turnpike | | Beverly - Rancocas - Mount Holly | Mount Holly Road , Beverly Rancocas Road , Rancocas Road | - | Beverly and Riverton Turnpike and Bridge Company | | | | - | Bordentown and Columbus Turnpike | | Bordentown - Columbus - Chambers Corners | U.S. Route 206 | - | Bordentown and Crosswicks Turnpike | | Bordentown - Crosswicks - North Crosswicks ; branch to Chesterfield - New Egypt | CR 528 , Bordentown Crosswicks Road ; CR 528 | - | Bordentown and Drawbridge Turnpike | | Bordentown - White Horse | US 206 | - | Bordentown and Hornerstown Turnpike | | Bordentown - Chesterfield - Hornerstown | County Route 528 , Arneytown Chesterfield Road , Arneytown Hornerstown Road | - | Bordentown and South Amboy Turnpike | | Bordentown - Washington - Hightstown - Cranbury - Jamesburg - Spotswood - South Amboy | U.S. Route 130 , Route 33 , Main Street , County Route 535 , Bordentown Turnpike , County Route 615 | - | Bricksburg and Point Pleasant Turnpike | | | | - | Bridgeton and Deerfield Turnpike | | | | - | Bridgeton and Fairfield Turnpike | | Bridgeton - Fairton | Bridgeton Fairton Road | - | Bridgeton and Marlton Turnpike | | | | - | Bridgeton and Millville Turnpike | | Bridgeton - Millville | Route 49 | - | Burlington Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | Burlington and Beverly Turnpike | | Burlington - Beverly | County Route 543 | - | Burlington and Columbus Turnpike | | Burlington - Columbus - Tilghmans Corner | CR 543 , Mt. Pleasant Road | - | Burlington and Jacksonville Turnpike | | | | - | Burlington and Mount Holly Turnpike | | Burlington - Mount Holly | County Route 541 | - | Burlington and Willingboro Turnpike | | Burlington - Willingboro | Salem Road | - | Camden and Atlantic Turnpike | | | | - | Camden and Blackwoodtown Turnpike | | Camden - Mount Ephraim - Blackwood | Route 168 | - | Camden , Ellisburg and Marlton Turnpike | | Camden - Marlton | Route 70 | - | Camden and Gloucester City Turnpike | | | | - | Cape Island Turnpike | | Cape May Point - Cape May | Sunset Boulevard | - | Cape May Turnpike | | Cape May - Cape May Court House | U.S. Route 9 | - | Cape May Boulevard Turnpike | | | | - | Centreton Turnpike | | | | - | Coleville and Carpenter 's Point Turnpike | | Colesville Wantage Twp , Montague Twp | Route 23 | - | Columbia and Walpack Turnpike | | Columbia - Millbrook - Walpack - Tuttles Corner | Interstate 80 , Old Mine Road , Mountain Road , Brook Road | - | Columbus and Kinkora Turnpike | | Kinkora - Columbus | Kinkora Road , Hedding Road | - | Columbus and Wrightstown Turnpike | | | | - | County Line Turnpike | | New Brunswick - Ten Mile Run | | - | Crosswicks and Trenton Turnpike | | Crosswicks - Trenton | Broad Street , County Route 524 | - | Deal and Squan Bridge Turnpike | | Deal - Asbury Park - Belmar - Lake Como | Route 71 | - | Deckertown and Newton Turnpike | | Sussex - Newton | Loomis Avenue , County Route 565 , U.S. Route 206 | - | Delaware and Jobstown Rail or McAdamised Road | | | | - | Dover Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | Dutch Lane and Marlboro Turnpike | | | | - | East Brunswick and New Brunswick Turnpike | | | | - | Eatontown and Sea Shore Turnpike | | Eatontown - Long Branch | County Route 537 | - | Eatontown and Squan Turnpike | | | | - | Elizabeth and Rahway Plank Road | | | | - | Englewood Dock and Turnpike | | | | - | Englishtown and Millstone Turnpike | | | | - | Englishtown Turnpike | | | | - | Essex and Middlesex Turnpike | | New Brunswick - Metuchen - Rahway - Elizabeth - Newark | Route 27 , Northeast Corridor right-of-way , Broad Street | - | Ewing and Hopewell Turnpike | | | | - | Farmers ' Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | Farmingdale and Squankum Turnpike | | | | - | Florence and Freehold Plank or Turnpike Road | | Florence - Freehold | | - | Florence and Jobstown Turnpike | | | | - | Florence and Keyport Plank Road | | Union Beach - Morganville | County Route 39 , County Route 3 | Was planned to reach Florence | - | Forked River and Barnegat Turnpike | | | | - | Franklin Turnpike | | Ho-Ho-Kus - Allendale - Mahwah - New York -LRB- Orange Turnpike -RRB- | Franklin Turnpike , County Route 507 | - | Freehold and Colt 's Neck Turnpike | | Freehold - Colts Neck | County Route 537 | - | Freehold and Englishtown Turnpike | | Freehold - Englishtown | County Route 522 | - | Freehold and Howell Plank Road | | Freehold - Howell | Route 79 , U.S. Route 9 , County Route 524 | - | Freehold and Jerseyville Turnpike | | | Jerseyville Avenue , Route 33 | - | Freehold and Smithville Plank Road | | | County Route 537 | - | Freehold and Smithville Turnpike | | | County Route 537 | - | Georgetown and Franklin Turnpike | | New Brunswick - Rocky Hill - Hopewell - Lambertville - Pennsylvania | Route 27 , County Route 518 | - | Glassboro and Carpenter 's Landing Turnpike | | Glassboro - Mantua | | - | Glassboro and Malaga Turnpike | | Glassboro - Clayton - Franklinville - Malaga | Route 47 | - | Gloucester Turnpike | | | | - | Gloucester and Salem Turnpike | | | | - | Good Intent and Woodbury Turnpike | | | | - | Godwinville and Paterson McAdamized Road | | | | - | Gravelly Ridge Turnpike | | Jericho - Woods Upper Mill | Jericho Road | - | Great and Little Egg Harbor Turnpike | | | | - | Hackensack and Fort Lee Turnpike | | Hackensack - Fort Lee | Fort Lee Road , Main Street | - | Hackensack and Harrington Plank Road | | Ridgefield Park - Teaneck - Dumont - New York | Teaneck Road , Washington Avenue , Schraalenburgh Road , Tappan Road | - | Hackensack and Paterson Turnpike | | Paterson - Elmwood Park - Saddle Brook - Hackensack | Market Street , Essex Street | - | Hackensack Plank Road | | Bergen Turnpike | | - | Haddonfield and Camden Turnpike | | Haddonfield - Camden | County Route 561 | - | Hainesport , Lumberton and Vincentown Turnpike | | Hainesport - Lumberton - Vincentown | Chestnut Street , Landing Street | - | Highlands and Sea Bright Turnpike | | Navesink Beach -LRB- Highlands Station -RRB- - Sea Bright | Route 36 | - | Hightstown and Allentown Turnpike | | | | - | Hightstown and Cranbury Turnpike | | | | - | Hightstown and Imlaystown Turnpike | | | | - | Hightstown and Manalapanville Turnpike | | Hightstown - Manalapan | Route 33 | - | Hightstown and Perrineville Turnpike | | | | - | Hightstown and Princeton Turnpike | | | | - | Hightstown and Robbinsville Turnpike | | | | - | Hoboken and Hudson River Turnpike | | | | - | Holmdel and Keyport Turnpike | | Holmdel - Keyport | County Route 4 | - | Holmdel and Middletown Point Turnpike | | Holmdel - Matawan | Route 34 | - | Hope and Hackettstown Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | Hopewell and Ewing Turnpike | | Trenton - Ewing - Pennington | Route 31 | - | Howell Turnpike | | | | - | Hudson and Bergen Plank Road | | | | - | Hudson and Hackensack Roadway | | | | - | Hunterdon and Sussex Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | Jefferson Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | Jersey City and Acquackanonk Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | Jersey City and Bergen Point Plank Road | | Jersey City - Bayonne - Bergen Point | Grand Street , Ocean Avenue , Broadway | - | Keyport and Middletown Turnpike | | | Route 35 | - | Keyport and Oak Grove Turnpike | | Unbuilt | Broadway , Lloyd Road , Line Road | - | Lambertville and Flemington Plank Road | | | | - | Lambertville and Flemington Turnpike | | | | - | Lambertville and Ringoes Turnpike | | | | - | Lambertville and Rocky Hill Turnpike | | | | - | Lawrence Turnpike | | | | - | Lawrenceville , Berkeley and Thorofare Turnpike | | | | - | Leedsville and Colt 's Neck Turnpike | | | | - | Long Beach Turnpike | | Manahawkin - Ship Bottom | Route 72 | - | Long Branch and Deal Turnpike | | Deal - Long Branch | Monmouth Road | - | Long Branch and Sea Bright Turnpike | | Sea Bright - Long Branch | Route 36 | - | Long-a-coming and Chew 's Landing Turnpike | | Berlin -LRB- Long-a-coming -RRB- - Clementon - Chews Landing | Clementon Road , Berlin Road , Chews Landing Road | - | Longacoming , May 's Landing and Tuckerton Turnpike | | | | - | Manalapan and Freehold Turnpike | | Manalapan - Freehold | Route 33 ; County Route 24 | - | Manalapan and Patton 's Corner Turnpike | | Manalapan - Morganville | County Route 3 | - | Manalapan Turnpike | | | | - | Manalapanville and Englishtown Turnpike | | Manalapan - Englishtown | County Route 527 Alternate | - | Manalapanville and Perrineville Turnpike | | | | - | Mantua Creek and Red Bank Turnpike | | | | - | Marlborough and Quinton 's Bridge Turnpike | | | | - | Matawan and Holmdel Turnpike | | Unbuilt | Bethany Road , Church Street | - | Mechanicsville and Oceanville Turnpike | | | | - | Medford and Indiantown Turnpike | | | | - | Medford and Tuckerton Turnpike | | Medford - Tuckerton | County Route 541 , Stokes Road , Iron Pipe Road , Chatsworth Road , Stage Road | - | Middlesex and Monmouth Turnpike | | | County Route 516 | - | Middletown Turnpike | | Middletown - Red Bank | Route 35 | - | Middletown and Holmdel Turnpike | | | | - | Middletown and Keyport Turnpike | | Keyport - Middletown | Route 35 | - | Milltown Turnpike | | | | - | Millville and Buckshutem Turnpike | | | | - | Millville and Malaga Road | | Millville - Vineland - Malaga | Route 47 | - | Millville and Mauricetown Turnpike | | | | - | Millville , Vineland and Carlsburg Turnpike | | | | - | Monmouth County Plank Road | | Freehold - Matawan - Keyport | Route 79 , County Route 516 , County Route 6 | - | Moorestown and Camden Turnpike | | Moorestown - Camden | County Route 537 | - | Moorestown and Mount Laurel Turnpike | | Moorestown - Mount Laurel | | - | Morris Turnpike | | Elizabeth - Union - Morristown - Netcong - Newton - Culver 's Gap | Route 82 , Route 124 , Sussex Turnpike , Route 10 , U.S. Route 46 , U.S. Route 206 , County Route 519 , Morris Turnpike | - | Morristown and Baskingridge Turnpike | | | | - | Mount Holly and Eayrestown Turnpike | | | | - | Mount Holly and Jobstown Turnpike | | Mount Holly - Jobstown | County Route 537 | - | Mount Holly , Lumberton and Medford Turnpike | | Mount Holly - Lumberton - Medford | County Route 541 | - | Mount Holly and Moorestown Turnpike | | Mount Holly - Moorestown | County Route 537 | - | Mount Holly and Pemberton Turnpike | | | | - | Mount Holly and Pemberton South Turnpike | | | | - | Mount Hope and Longwood Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | Mullica Hill and Camden Turnpike | | Mullica Hill - Mantua - Woodbury | Route 45 | - | Mullica Hill and Pittsgrove Turnpike | | | | - | Mullica Hill and Pole Tavern Turnpike | | | | - | Mullica Hill and Red Bank Turnpike or McAdamized Road | | | | - | Mullica Hill and Woodbury Turnpike | | | | - | Mullica Hill and Woodstown Turnpike | | Mullica Hill - Woodstown | Route 45 | - | Navesink Turnpike | | | | - | Newark Plank Road and Ferry | | Jersey City - Newark | Newark Avenue , Communipaw Ave/U . S. Route 1/9 Truck , Ferry Street | - | Newark Turnpike | | Jersey City - Harrison - Newark | Newark Avenue , Route 7 , County Route 508 | - | Newark and Clinton Plank Road | | | | - | Newark and Elizabeth Plank Road | | Newark - Elizabeth | NJ 27 | - | Newark and Elizabethtown Plank Road | | | | - | Newark and Morris Turnpike | | Newark - South Orange - Morristown | County Route 510 | - | Newark and Mount Pleasant Turnpike | | Newark - West Orange - Dover | Route 10 | - | Newark and Pompton Turnpike | | Newark - Bloomfield - Montclair - Singac - Riverdale ; Montclair - Caldwell - Pine Brook | County Route 506 Spur , County Route 506 , Route 23 , Newark Pompton Turnpike ; County Route 506 | - | New Brunswick and Cranbury Turnpike | | New Brunswick - Cranbury - Cranbury Station | | - | New Brunswick and Middleburgh Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | New Egypt and Manchester Turnpike | | | | - | New Germantown Turnpike | | North Branch - Lamington - Oldwick - Long Valley | County Route 665 , County Route 517 | - | New Jersey Turnpike | | New Brunswick - Bound Brook - Somerville - Lebanon - Clinton - Bloomsbury - Phillipsburg - Pennsylvania | County Route 527 , Route 28 , U.S. Route 22 , Route 122 | - | New Milford Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | New Providence Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | Newton Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | North Hudson Turnpike | | | | - | Ocean Beach and Squan River Turnpike | | | | - | Ocean City and Beesley 's Point Turnpike | | | | - | Parsippany and Rockaway Turnpike | | Pine Brook - Parsippany - Denville - Rockaway - Wharton | U.S. Route 46 , Main Street , Mount Pleasant Avenue | - | Passaic Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | Passaic and Hackensack Ferry and Road | | | | - | Paterson and Hamburg Turnpike | | Passaic - Paterson - Riverdale - Bloomingdale - Hamburg - Sussex - Montague - Pennsylvania | Main Avenue , Main Street , Broadway , Hamburg Turnpike , Route 23 , Libertyville Road , Deckertown Turnpike | - | Paterson and New Antrim Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | Paterson and New Prospect Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | Paterson and New York Plank Road | | Paterson - Passaic - Wallington - East Rutherford - Secaucus - Hoboken | Main Street , Main Avenue , Paterson Avenue , Route 120 , Paterson Plank Road | - | Peapack Plank Road | | | | - | Perrineville and Monroe Turnpike | | | | - | Perrineville and Sweetman 's Lane Turnpike | | | County Route 1 | - | Perth Amboy Turnpike | | Perth Amboy - Metuchen - Piscataway | New Brunswick Avenue , County Route 501 | - | Pittstown and Barnsboro Turnpike | | | | - | Pittstown and Bridgeton Turnpike | | | | - | Pleasantville and Atlantic Turnpike or Plank Road | | Pleasantville - Atlantic City | Old Turnpike , Turnpike Road | - | Pochuck Turnpike | | Hamburg - Glenwood - New York | Route 94 , County Route 517 | - | Pompton and Paterson Turnpike | | | | - | Port Elizabeth Turnpike | | | | - | Port Elizabeth and Millville Turnpike | | Port Elizabeth - Millville | Route 47 | - | Port Monmouth and Middletown Plank Road | | Port Monmouth - New Monmouth - Middletown | | - | Princeton and Kingston Branch Turnpike | | Trenton - Princeton - Kingston | County Route 583 , Route 27 | - | Princeton and West Windsor Plank or McAdamized Road | | | | - | Ramapo and Weehawken Plank Road | | | | - | Raritan and Delaware Plank Road | | | | - | Red Bank and Eatontown Turnpike | | | Broad Street , County Route 11 , Route 35 | - | Red Bank and Holmdel Turnpike | | | | - | Red Bank and Tinton Falls Turnpike | | | | - | Red Bank and Woodbury Turnpike or McAdamized Road | | | | - | Ringwood and Long Pond Turnpike | | Ringwood - Greenwood Lake - New York | County Route 511 , Warwick Turnpike | - | Robertsville and Patton 's Corner Turnpike | | | County Route 3 | - | Salem and Woodstown Turnpike | | | | - | Schooley 's Mountain Turnpike | | | | - | Sea Isle City Turnpike | | | | - | Shiloh Turnpike | | | | - | Shrewsbury Plank Road | | | | - | Shrewsbury Turnpike | | Red Bank - Shrewsbury - Eatontown | Route 35 | - | Smithville and Blue Ball Turnpike | | | County Route 524 | - | Smithville and Clarksburgh Turnpike | | | County Route 524 | - | South River and Freehold Plank Road | | | | - | Spotswood and Matchaponix Turnpike | | | | - | Spotswood and Old Bridge Turnpike | | | | - | Springfield and Newark Turnpike | | Springfield - Irvington - Newark | Route 124 , Springfield Avenue | - | Spruce Run Turnpike | | Clinton - Hampton - Washington - Oxford | Route 31 | - | Squankum and Point Pleasant | | | | - | Stockton and Newton Turnpike | | | | - | Sweetman 's Lane Turnpike | | | | - | Texas Mills and Spotswood Turnpike | | | | - | Tinton Falls Turnpike | | Colts Neck - Tinton Falls - Eatontown | County Route 537 | - | Toms River and Forked River Turnpike | | - | Trenton and Allentown Turnpike | | Trenton - Mercerville - Hamilton Square - Robbinsville - Allentown | NJ 33 , CR 526 | - | Trenton and Ewing Turnpike | | | | - | Trenton and New Brunswick Turnpike | | Trenton - New Brunswick | U.S. Route 1 , Route 26 | - | Union Turnpike | | Morristown - Morris Plains - Dover - Sparta - Branchville - Culver 's Gap - Montague - Pennsylvania | U.S. Route 202 , Mountain Way , Route 10 , Salem Street , Route 15 , Route 181 , Route 15 , U.S. Route 206 | - | Union Turnpike | North Bergen , NJ - connecting - Bergen Turnpike - Paterson Plank Road | | Union Turnpike | - | Upper Freehold and Millstone Turnpike | | | | - | Upper Pittsgrove and Pittsgrove Turnpike | | | | - | Vernon Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | Vernon and Newton Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | Vincentown and Mount Holly Turnpike | | | | - | Vincentown and Tabernacle Turnpike | | Vincentown - Tabernacle | | - | Washington Turnpike | | Morristown - Mendham - Chester - Schooley 's Mountain - Washington - Phillipsburg - Pennsylvania ; Schooley 's Mountain - Hackettstown | County Route 510 , County Route 513 , County Route 517 , Pleasant Grove Road , Penwell Road , Route 57 ; County Route 517 | - | Washington and Cranbury Turnpike | | | | - | Water Gap Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | Weehawken Turnpike | | | | - | Westfield and Camden Turnpike | | Camden - Burlington | Westfield Avenue , U.S. Route 130 | - | West Hoboken Roadway | | | | - | Westville and Glassborough Turnpike | | | | - | White Horse Turnpike | | Camden - Stratford | U.S. Route 30 | - | Williamstown and Camden Road | | | | - | Williamstown and Good Intent Turnpike | | | | - | Winslow Turnpike | | | | - | Woodbridge Turnpike | | New Brunswick - Woodbridge - Rahway ; Woodbridge - Carteret - New York -LRB- Richmond Turnpike via ferry -RRB- | County Route 514 ; Port Reading Avenue | - | Woodbridge and Blazing Star Turnpike | | | | - | Woodbury and Camden Turnpike | | | | - | Woodbury and Cross Keys Turnpike | | Woodbury - Cross Keys | Egg Harbor Road | - | Woodmancy and Barnegat Turnpike | | | | - | Woodstown and Pennsgrove Turnpike | | | | - | Zinc Mines Plank Road | | | | -RCB- ",
"The Newburgh and Cochecton Turnpike was a turnpike road in southern New York in the United States . It ran from Newburgh on the Hudson River west to Cochecton on the Delaware River , where travelers could continue west through Pennsylvania on the Cochecton and Great Bend Turnpike toward Binghamton . The road operated as a toll road from 1810 to 1872 . It is now mostly maintained by the state , carrying New York State Route 17K -LRB- NY 17K -RRB- from Newburgh to Bloomingburg and NY 17B from Monticello to Fosterdale . Between Bloomingburg and Monticello , the turnpike has been bypassed by the Quickway -LRB- NY 17 -RRB- , and is now maintained by Sullivan County ; similarly , the route west of Fosterdale to Cochecton is County Route 114 -LRB- CR 114 -RRB- . Across the Delaware River , Pennsylvania Route 371 -LRB- PA 371 -RRB- leads west from the Cochecton -- Damascus Bridge . ",
"The following are US Routes in New Jersey . __ TOC __ ",
"The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey -LRB- PANYNJ -RRB- is a joint venture between the U.S. states of New York and New Jersey , established in 1921 through an interstate compact authorized by the United States Congress . The Port Authority oversees much of the regional transportation infrastructure , including bridges , tunnels , airports , and seaports , within the geographical jurisdiction of the Port of New York and New Jersey . This 1,500 mi2 port district is generally encompassed within a 25 mi radius of the Statue of Liberty National Monument . The Port Authority is headquartered at 4 World Trade Center and is a member of the Real Estate Board of New York . The Port Authority operates the Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal , which handled the third-largest volume of shipping among all ports in the United States in 2004 and the largest on the Eastern Seaboard . The Port Authority also operates Hudson River crossings , including the Holland Tunnel , Lincoln Tunnel , and George Washington Bridge connecting New Jersey with Manhattan , and three crossings that connect New Jersey with Staten Island . The Port Authority Bus Terminal and the PATH rail system are also run by the Port Authority , as well as LaGuardia Airport , John F. Kennedy International Airport , Newark Liberty International Airport , Teterboro Airport , Stewart International Airport and Atlantic City International Airport . The agency has its own 1,600-member Port Authority Police Department . "
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Legendary Entertainment is the owner of Wanda Cinemas. | Wanda Group , or Dalian Wanda , is a Chinese multinational conglomerate corporation and the world 's biggest private property developer and owner and the world 's largest cinema chain operator , owning Wanda Cinemas and the Hoyts Group , as well as a majority share of AMC Theatres . The company operates in four major industries -- commercial property , luxury hotels , culture , Internet , finance , tourism , and department stores . It was established in Dalian , Liaoning and is now headquartered in Beijing . It ranked 385th on the Fortune Global 500 List in 2015 . In 2016 its assets amounted to 796.2 billion yuan with operating revenue of 255 billion yuan.Wanda Cultural Industry Group is China 's largest cultural enterprise , with annual revenue of 64.1 billion yuan in 2016 . | [
"Wanda_Group",
"Legendary_Entertainment",
"Regency_Enterprises",
"CinéGroupe",
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"Wanda Group , or Dalian Wanda , is a Chinese multinational conglomerate corporation and the world 's biggest private property developer and owner and the world 's largest cinema chain operator , owning Wanda Cinemas and the Hoyts Group , as well as a majority share of AMC Theatres . The company operates in four major industries -- commercial property , luxury hotels , culture , Internet , finance , tourism , and department stores . It was established in Dalian , Liaoning and is now headquartered in Beijing . It ranked 385th on the Fortune Global 500 List in 2015 . In 2016 its assets amounted to 796.2 billion yuan with operating revenue of 255 billion yuan.Wanda Cultural Industry Group is China 's largest cultural enterprise , with annual revenue of 64.1 billion yuan in 2016 . ",
"Legendary Entertainment -LRB- also known as Legendary Pictures or Legendary -RRB- is an American media company based in Burbank , California . The company was founded by Thomas Tull in 2000 and in 2005 , concluded an agreement to co-produce and co-finance films with Warner Bros. , and began a similar arrangement with Universal Studios in 2014 . Since 2016 , Legendary has been a subsidiary of the Chinese conglomerate Wanda Group . ",
"Regency Enterprises -LRB- commonly referred to as Regency onscreen -RRB- is an American entertainment company formed by Arnon Milchan . It was founded in 1991 as the successor to Regency International Pictures formerly known as Embassy International Pictures N.V. . ",
"CinéGroupe was a Canadian animation studio based in Montreal , Quebec . The company was founded in 1974 . Its shows and films have been seen in over 125 countries as of 2005 . Notable franchises from CinéGroupe include , The Kids from Room 402 -LRB- aired on the former Fox Family banner , now Freeform -RRB- ; the computer-animated Tripping the Rift -LRB- on the Sci-Fi Channel -RRB- ; and PBS ' Sagwa , the Chinese Siamese Cat . With Sony Wonder , it has produced Mega Babies -LRB- also aired on Fox Family -RRB- , as well as a direct-to-video feature , Lion of Oz and the Badge of Courage -LRB- a prequel to both the L. Frank Baum work , and the 1939 movie -RRB- . In the 2000s , the company produced the animation for a sequel to the 1981 cult classic Heavy Metal for Columbia TriStar Home Video titled Heavy Metal 2000 , shown on the Starz family of networks in the U.S. and on Teletoon in Canada from 2001 onwards . In 2004 , it made Pinocchio 3000 , a sci-fi retelling of the Carlo Collodi tale . Galidor , a live-action fantasy series for teenagers , has also been produced by the company . The company also cooperated with MGA Entertainment in the creation of Bratz : Starrin ' and Stylin '' ' , a 2-D animated direct-to-video movie based on MGA 's Bratz line of fashion dolls . In 2002 , the company united with Star Records to create a home video distributor called CinéGroupe / Star . The partnership ended in January 2004 . For many of CinéGroupe 's animated productions , the company often relies on a pre-formed crew of voice actors to do the work . The crew usually consists of Rick Jones and Terrence Scammell , among others . As of 2011 , the company 's former website is no longer active , although a series catalogue is still available . Many of the shows produced by CinéGroupe are now distributed by HG -LRB- Henry Gagnon -RRB- Distribution Inc. . ",
"New Line Cinema is an American film studio that was founded in 1967 by Robert Shaye as a film distribution company , later becoming an independent film studio . It became a subsidiary of the Turner Broadcasting System in 1994 before Turner merged with Time Warner in 1996 , and was later merged with its larger sister studio Warner Bros. . Entertainment in 2008 . Currently , its films are distributed by Warner Bros. . "
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Aruba is the only ABC Island. | ABC_islands_-LRB-Lesser_Antilles-RRB- | The ABC islands are the three western-most islands of the Leeward Antilles in the Caribbean Sea that lie north of Falcón State , Venezuela . From west to east they are , in order Aruba , Curaçao , and Bonaire . All three islands are part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands , although they remain outside the European Union . Aruba and Curaçao are autonomous , self-governing constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands , while Bonaire is a special municipality of the Netherlands proper . | [
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"The ABC islands are the three western-most islands of the Leeward Antilles in the Caribbean Sea that lie north of Falcón State , Venezuela . From west to east they are , in order Aruba , Curaçao , and Bonaire . All three islands are part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands , although they remain outside the European Union . Aruba and Curaçao are autonomous , self-governing constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands , while Bonaire is a special municipality of the Netherlands proper . ",
"Aruba -LRB- -LSB- əˈruːbə -RSB- ; -LSB- aːˈrubaː -RSB- -RRB- is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in the southern Caribbean Sea , located about 1600 km west of the main part of the Lesser Antilles and 29 km north of the coast of Venezuela . It measures 32 km long from its northwestern to its southeastern end and 10 km across at its widest point . Together with Bonaire and Curaçao , Aruba forms a group referred to as the ABC islands . Collectively , Aruba and the other Dutch islands in the Caribbean are often called the Dutch Caribbean . Aruba is one of the four countries that form the Kingdom of the Netherlands , along with the Netherlands , Curaçao and Sint Maarten . The citizens of these countries all share a single nationality : Dutch . Aruba has no administrative subdivisions , but , for census purposes , is divided into eight regions . Its capital is Oranjestad . Unlike much of the Caribbean region , Aruba has a dry climate and an arid , cactus-strewn landscape . This climate has helped tourism as visitors to the island can reliably expect warm , sunny weather . It has a land area of 179 km2 and is densely populated , with a total of 102,484 inhabitants at the 2010 Census . It lies outside Hurricane Alley . ",
"Bonaire -LRB- pronounced -LSB- bɔːˈnɛər -RSB- or -LSB- bɒnˈɛər -RSB- Bonaire , -LSB- boˈnɛːr -RSB- ; Papiamentu : Boneiru -RRB- is an island in the Leeward Antilles in the Caribbean Sea . Together with Aruba and Curaçao , it forms the group known as the ABC islands , located less than a hundred miles off the north coast of South America near the western part of Venezuela . Unlike much of the Caribbean region , the ABCs lie outside the hurricane belt . The islands have an arid climate , which helps tourism , as visitors to the islands can reliably expect warm , sunny weather . Bonaire is a popular destination for SCUBA divers , and it is also well known for easy access to its various reefs from the shore . Bonaire 's capital is Kralendijk . The island has a permanent population of 18,905 -LRB- as of 1 January 2015 -RRB- and an area of 294 km2 -LRB- together with nearby uninhabited Klein Bonaire -RRB- . Bonaire was part of the Netherlands Antilles until the country 's dissolution in 2010 , when the island became a special municipality within the country of the Netherlands . It is one of the three BES islands in the Caribbean ; the other two BES islands are Sint Eustatius and Saba . ",
"The Attack on Aruba was an attack on oil installations and tankers by Axis submarines during World War II . On 16 February 1942 , a German U-boat attacked the small island of Aruba . Other submarines patrolled the area for shipping and they sank or damaged tankers . Aruba was home to two of the largest oil refineries in the world during the war against the Axis powers , the Arend Petroleum Maatschappij , situated near the Oranjestad harbor and the Lago Oil and Transport Company at the San Nicolas harbor . The attack resulted in the disruption of vital Allied fuel production . ",
"Antigua and Barbuda is a twin-island country in the Americas , lying between the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean . It consists of two major inhabited islands , Antigua and Barbuda , and a number of smaller islands -LRB- including Great Bird , Green , Guinea , Long , Maiden and York Islands and further south , the island of Redonda -RRB- . The permanent population numbers about 81,800 -LRB- at the 2011 Census -RRB- and the capital and largest port and city is St. John 's , on Antigua . Tourism dominates the economy , accounting for more than half of the Gross Domestic Product -LRB- GDP -RRB- . Antigua is famous for its many luxury resorts . Investment banking and financial services also make up an important part of the economy . "
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Great white sharks do not prefer dolphins as prey. | The great white shark -LRB- Carcharodon carcharias -RRB- , also known as the great white , white pointer , white shark , or white death , is a species of large mackerel shark which can be found in the coastal surface waters of all the major oceans . The great white shark is notable for its size , with mature female individuals growing up to 6.1 m in length and 1950 kg in weight . However most are smaller , males measuring 11 to and females 15 to on average . According to a 2014 study the lifespan of great white sharks is estimated to be as long as 70 years or more , well above previous estimates , making it one of the longest lived cartilaginous fish currently known . According to the same study , male great white sharks take 26 years to reach sexual maturity , while the females take 33 years to be ready to produce offspring . Great white sharks can accelerate to over 56 km/h for short bursts . The great white shark has no known natural predators other than the killer whale . The great white shark is arguably the world 's largest known extant macropredatory fish , and is one of the primary predators of marine mammals . It is also known to prey upon a variety of other marine animals , including fish and seabirds . It is the only known surviving species of its genus Carcharodon , and is ranked first in having the most recorded shark bite incidents on humans . The IUCN list the great white shark as a vulnerable species , while it is included in Appendix II of CITES . The novel Jaws by Peter Benchley and the subsequent film by Steven Spielberg depicted the great white shark as a `` ferocious man eater '' . Humans are not the preferred prey of the great white shark , but , nevertheless , the great white is responsible for the largest number of reported and identified fatal unprovoked shark attacks on humans . | [
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"The great white shark -LRB- Carcharodon carcharias -RRB- , also known as the great white , white pointer , white shark , or white death , is a species of large mackerel shark which can be found in the coastal surface waters of all the major oceans . The great white shark is notable for its size , with mature female individuals growing up to 6.1 m in length and 1950 kg in weight . However most are smaller , males measuring 11 to and females 15 to on average . According to a 2014 study the lifespan of great white sharks is estimated to be as long as 70 years or more , well above previous estimates , making it one of the longest lived cartilaginous fish currently known . According to the same study , male great white sharks take 26 years to reach sexual maturity , while the females take 33 years to be ready to produce offspring . Great white sharks can accelerate to over 56 km/h for short bursts . The great white shark has no known natural predators other than the killer whale . The great white shark is arguably the world 's largest known extant macropredatory fish , and is one of the primary predators of marine mammals . It is also known to prey upon a variety of other marine animals , including fish and seabirds . It is the only known surviving species of its genus Carcharodon , and is ranked first in having the most recorded shark bite incidents on humans . The IUCN list the great white shark as a vulnerable species , while it is included in Appendix II of CITES . The novel Jaws by Peter Benchley and the subsequent film by Steven Spielberg depicted the great white shark as a `` ferocious man eater '' . Humans are not the preferred prey of the great white shark , but , nevertheless , the great white is responsible for the largest number of reported and identified fatal unprovoked shark attacks on humans . ",
"The Pacific white-sided dolphin -LRB- Lagenorhynchus obliquidens -RRB- is a very active dolphin found in the cool to temperate waters of the North Pacific Ocean . ",
"The spinner dolphin -LRB- Stenella longirostris -RRB- is a small dolphin found in off-shore tropical waters around the world . It is famous for its acrobatic displays in which it spins along its longitudinal axis as it leaps through the air . It is a member of the family Delphinidae of toothed whales . ",
"The pyjama shark or striped catshark -LRB- Poroderma africanum -RRB- is a species of catshark , and part of the family Scyliorhinidae , endemic to the coastal waters of South Africa . This abundant , bottom-dwelling species can be found from the intertidal zone to a depth of around 100 m , particularly over rocky reefs and kelp beds . With a series of thick , parallel , dark stripes running along its stout body , the pyjama shark has an unmistakable appearance . It is additionally characterized by a short head and snout with a pair of slender barbels that do not reach the mouth , and two dorsal fins that are placed far back on the body . It can grow up to a length of 1.1 m long . The pyjama shark is primarily nocturnal , spending most of the day lying motionless and hidden in a cave or crevice or among vegetation . It often forms groups , particularly during summer . This species is an opportunistic predator that feeds on a wide variety of fishes and invertebrates ; it favors cephalopods and frequents the spawning grounds of the chokka squid -LRB- Loligo reynaudi -RRB- . When threatened , it curls into a circle with its tail covering its head . Reproduction is oviparous , with females laying rectangular , dark brown egg cases two at a time year-round . This small and harmless shark adapts well to captivity and is commonly displayed in public aquariums . It is often caught as a bycatch of commercial and recreational fisheries . Many are killed by fishers who regard them as pests . Although there are no data suggesting its numbers have declined , the International Union for Conservation of Nature -LRB- IUCN -RRB- has assessed the pyjama shark as Near Threatened because of expanding small shark fishery activities within its limited range . ",
"Shark Kill is a 1976 made-for-television adventure film directed by William A. Graham . The film was one of the first films released to capitalize on the success of the 1975 film Jaws ; both films follow the premise of men hunting a bloodthirsty great white shark . "
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Burbank, California has always been completely void of industry. | Burbank,_California | Burbank is a city in Los Angeles County in Southern California , United States , 12 mi northwest of downtown Los Angeles . The population at the 2010 census was 103,340 . Billed as the `` Media Capital of the World '' and only a few miles northeast of Hollywood , numerous media and entertainment companies are headquartered or have significant production facilities in Burbank , including The Walt Disney Company , Warner Bros. . Entertainment , Nickelodeon Animation Studios , NBC , Cartoon Network Studios with the West Coast branch of Cartoon Network , and Insomniac Games . The city is also home to Bob Hope Airport . It was the location of Lockheed 's Skunk Works , which produced some of the most secret and technologically advanced airplanes , including the U-2 spy planes that uncovered the Soviet Union missile components in Cuba in October 1962 . Burbank consists of two distinct areas : a downtown/foothill section , in the foothills of the Verdugo Mountains , and the flatland section . Burbank is the easternmost city in the San Fernando Valley . Burbank 's neighbor , Glendale , is the westernmost city in the San Gabriel Valley . The city was referred to as `` Beautiful Downtown Burbank '' on Laugh-In and The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson . The city was named after David Burbank , a New Hampshire-born dentist and entrepreneur who established a sheep ranch there in 1867 . | [
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"Burbank is a city in Los Angeles County in Southern California , United States , 12 mi northwest of downtown Los Angeles . The population at the 2010 census was 103,340 . Billed as the `` Media Capital of the World '' and only a few miles northeast of Hollywood , numerous media and entertainment companies are headquartered or have significant production facilities in Burbank , including The Walt Disney Company , Warner Bros. . Entertainment , Nickelodeon Animation Studios , NBC , Cartoon Network Studios with the West Coast branch of Cartoon Network , and Insomniac Games . The city is also home to Bob Hope Airport . It was the location of Lockheed 's Skunk Works , which produced some of the most secret and technologically advanced airplanes , including the U-2 spy planes that uncovered the Soviet Union missile components in Cuba in October 1962 . Burbank consists of two distinct areas : a downtown/foothill section , in the foothills of the Verdugo Mountains , and the flatland section . Burbank is the easternmost city in the San Fernando Valley . Burbank 's neighbor , Glendale , is the westernmost city in the San Gabriel Valley . The city was referred to as `` Beautiful Downtown Burbank '' on Laugh-In and The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson . The city was named after David Burbank , a New Hampshire-born dentist and entrepreneur who established a sheep ranch there in 1867 . ",
"Legendary Entertainment -LRB- also known as Legendary Pictures or Legendary -RRB- is an American media company based in Burbank , California . The company was founded by Thomas Tull in 2000 and in 2005 , concluded an agreement to co-produce and co-finance films with Warner Bros. , and began a similar arrangement with Universal Studios in 2014 . Since 2016 , Legendary has been a subsidiary of the Chinese conglomerate Wanda Group . ",
"Tom Rounds -LRB- June 6 , 1936 -- June 1 , 2014 -RRB- was an American radio broadcasting executive , founder and chief executive officer of Radio Express in Burbank , California . ",
"Cindy Baer is an American actress , director , producer , and entrepreneur . She helms the production company Free Dream Pictures , located in Burbank , California . She directed and produced the critically acclaimed feature films Purgatory House and Odd Brodsky . She attends filmmaking panels across the country , speaking as an expert on low budget filmmaking . Baer resides in Los Angeles , California with her cinematographer husband Matthew Irving . ",
"Stars Hollow is a fictional town in Connecticut featured on the television show Gilmore Girls . It is depicted as a close-knit community with many quirky characteristics , located roughly thirty minutes from Hartford . The show 's creators borrowed elements of Washington Depot , Connecticut ; Kent , Connecticut ; and New Milford , Connecticut to create the town , which is actually a set constructed on the Warner Bros. backlot in Burbank , California . "
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The Guthrie Theater's second building began operating in 1963. | The Guthrie Theater , founded in 1963 , is a center for theater performance , production , education , and professional training in Minneapolis , Minnesota . The concept of the theater was born in 1959 in a series of discussions between Sir Tyrone Guthrie , Oliver Rea and Peter Zeisler . Disenchanted with Broadway , they intended to form a theater with a resident acting company , to perform classic plays in rotating repertory , while maintaining the highest professional standards . The Guthrie Theater has performed in two main-stage facilities . The first building was designed by Ralph Rapson , included a 1,441-seat thrust stage designed by Tanya Moiseiwitsch , and was operated from 1963 -- 2006 . After closing its 2005 -- 2006 season , the theater moved to its current facility designed by Jean Nouvel . In 1982 , the theater won the Regional Theatre Tony Award . | [
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"The Guthrie Theater , founded in 1963 , is a center for theater performance , production , education , and professional training in Minneapolis , Minnesota . The concept of the theater was born in 1959 in a series of discussions between Sir Tyrone Guthrie , Oliver Rea and Peter Zeisler . Disenchanted with Broadway , they intended to form a theater with a resident acting company , to perform classic plays in rotating repertory , while maintaining the highest professional standards . The Guthrie Theater has performed in two main-stage facilities . The first building was designed by Ralph Rapson , included a 1,441-seat thrust stage designed by Tanya Moiseiwitsch , and was operated from 1963 -- 2006 . After closing its 2005 -- 2006 season , the theater moved to its current facility designed by Jean Nouvel . In 1982 , the theater won the Regional Theatre Tony Award . ",
"The New Amsterdam Theatre is a Broadway theatre located at 214 West 42nd Street between Seventh and Eighth Avenues in the Theater District of Manhattan , New York City , off of Times Square . It was built in 1902 -- 1903 and was designed by the architecture firm of Henry Hertz and Hugh Tallant ; the Roof Garden , where more risqué productions were presented , and which no longer exists , was added in 1904 , designed by the same firm . The remainder of the building was utilized for offices . From 1913 to 1927 , the theatre was the home of the Ziegfeld Follies , whose producer , Florenz Ziegfeld , Jr. , maintained an office in the building , and operated a nightclub on the roof . George White 's Scandals and Eva LeGallienne 's Civic Repertory Theatre were subsequent tenants . It was used as a movie theatre beginning in 1937 , closed in 1985 , and was leased by The Walt Disney Company and renovated by Hardy Holzman Pfeiffer in 1995 -- 97 to be the flagship for Disney Theatrical Productions presentations on Broadway . Both the Beaux-Arts exterior and the Art Nouveau interior of the building are New York City landmarks , having been designated in 1979 . In addition , the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980 . Along with the Hudson and Lyceum Theatres , also built in 1903 , the New Amsterdam is one of the oldest surviving Broadway venues . ",
"The Courtyard Centre for the Arts is a theatre and arts venue in Hereford , England , located on Edgar Street just outside the city centre . The building was constructed between 1997 and 1998 on the site of another theatre ; The New Hereford Theatre , a converted swimming baths which had become outdated . It hosts in-house shows , such as a Pantomime and productions by a Youth Theatre and a Community Company , alongside national tours . It is also one of the main sites for the annual Borderlines Film Festival . Planning for the replacement building began in 1993 and received a significant boost when the Lottery Commission provided # 3.75 million towards the fund . The glass and wooden building was designed by Glenn Howells , following selection through an architectural design competition managed by RIBA Competitions , and opened on 18 September 1998 after a ribbon-cutting ceremony by Jonathan Stone , then Artistic Director . The design of the Main House is based upon the shape of an Elizabethan Courtyard or Inn Yard Theatre , from which the building takes its name . The building contains a Studio theatre in addition to its Main House -LRB- and both double as cinemas -RRB- , an art gallery and two conference rooms , on the ground and first floor . There is a rehearsal room/dance studio on the second floor . It has a total seating capacity of approximately 520 , in both of its venues . The studio has a third role as a lecture hall ; it was from here that David Cameron launched his LibDems 4 Cameron campaign in December 2005 . The seating in both venues can be dismantled to create open spaces for events such as the annual Craft Fair -LRB- in the Main House -RRB- and the Comedy or Folk Club -LRB- in the Studio -RRB- . Both the Main House and the Studio are sound proofed and are not linked structurally within the building , in order to eliminate sound conduction between the two . There is also a licensed Cafe-Bar which hosts a number of free events such as ` Jazz Cafe ' -LRB- Saturday lunchtimes -RRB- , ` Sunday Social ' -LRB- Sunday afternoons -RRB- and ` Open Mike Night ' -LRB- First Tuesday of the month -RRB- . Between 1998 and 2004 the centre received approximately 1.2 million visitors and in 1999 it was described as being an `` ultra-cool , rigorously modern '' building . The Courtyard 's patrons include Sir Derek Jacobi and Jo Brand . ",
"The Imperial Theatre , in Saint John , New Brunswick , was designed by Philadelphia architect Albert Westover and built in 1912 by the Imperial Theatre by the Keith-Albee-Orpheum Corporation vaudeville chain of New York City and their Canadian subsidiary , the Saint John Amusements Company Ltd. . It opened to the public on September 19 , 1913 . One of Canada 's first comedy troupes , The Dumbbells staged several of their first shows there . Many early stars of silent film had their films played in the Imperial , such as Charlie Chaplin , Buster Keaton , Fatty Arbuckle , Greta Garbo , and Harold Lloyd . The theatre was designed as a modern adaptation of the Italian Renaissance , and opened on September 19 , 1913 , and was used both for live vaudeville acts as well as `` talkies '' . In 1929 , it was renamed the Capitol Theatre , and like most vaudeville houses across the continent , became a cinema . From 1957-1982 the Imperial Theatre was used as a meeting space by the Full Gospel Assembly . In 1982 the Imperial was abandoned by the religious group . ",
"The Ritz Theatre in Elizabeth , New Jersey is a performing arts center . The Ritz was built on the site of the 1865 Drake Opera House/People 's Theatre/Star Theatre / Jacob 's Theatre/Proctor 's Theatre . The theatre was purchased in 1925 by Jacob Fabian , who hired architect Fred Wesley Wentworth to design the Ritz Theatre on the site , which opened on March 9 , 1926 with 2,791 seats . By 1941 it was operated by Warner Bros. . Circuit Management Corp. . While there were performances through the 1970s , by the 1980s it was threatened with demolition . In 1989 it was purchased local philanthropists who set out to restore the theatre but ran out of funding . In 1994 purchased by George Castro , who has restored it to its 1920s grand appearance . It is a contributing property to the Mid-Town Historic District . "
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Commodore is ranked above a rear admiral. | Commodore_-LRB-rank-RRB- | Commodore is a naval rank used in many navies that is superior to a navy captain , but below a rear admiral . Non-English-speaking nations often use the rank of flotilla admiral or counter admiral or senior captain as an equivalent , although counter admiral may also correspond to rear admiral . Traditionally , `` commodore '' is the title for any officer assigned to command more than one ship at a time , even temporarily , much as `` captain '' is the traditional title for the commanding officer of a single ship even if the officer 's official title in the service is a lower rank . As an official rank , a commodore typically commands a flotilla or squadron of ships as part of a larger task force or naval fleet commanded by an admiral . A commodore 's ship is typically designated by the flying of a Broad pennant , as opposed to an admiral 's flag . It is often regarded as a one-star rank with a NATO code of OF-6 -LRB- which is known in the U.S. as `` rear admiral -LRB- lower half -RRB- '' -RRB- , but whether it is regarded as a flag rank varies between countries . It is sometimes abbreviated : as `` Cdre '' in British Royal Navy , `` CDRE '' in the US Navy , `` Cmdre '' in the Royal Canadian Navy , `` COMO '' in the Spanish Navy and in some navies speaking the Spanish language , or `` CMDE '' as used in the Indian Navy or in some other Navies . | [
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"Commodore is a naval rank used in many navies that is superior to a navy captain , but below a rear admiral . Non-English-speaking nations often use the rank of flotilla admiral or counter admiral or senior captain as an equivalent , although counter admiral may also correspond to rear admiral . Traditionally , `` commodore '' is the title for any officer assigned to command more than one ship at a time , even temporarily , much as `` captain '' is the traditional title for the commanding officer of a single ship even if the officer 's official title in the service is a lower rank . As an official rank , a commodore typically commands a flotilla or squadron of ships as part of a larger task force or naval fleet commanded by an admiral . A commodore 's ship is typically designated by the flying of a Broad pennant , as opposed to an admiral 's flag . It is often regarded as a one-star rank with a NATO code of OF-6 -LRB- which is known in the U.S. as `` rear admiral -LRB- lower half -RRB- '' -RRB- , but whether it is regarded as a flag rank varies between countries . It is sometimes abbreviated : as `` Cdre '' in British Royal Navy , `` CDRE '' in the US Navy , `` Cmdre '' in the Royal Canadian Navy , `` COMO '' in the Spanish Navy and in some navies speaking the Spanish language , or `` CMDE '' as used in the Indian Navy or in some other Navies . ",
"Rear admiral is a naval commissioned officer rank above that of a commodore and captain , and below that of a vice admiral . It is generally regarded as the lowest of the `` admiral '' ranks , which are also sometimes referred to as `` flag officers '' or `` flag ranks '' . In many navies it is referred to as a two-star rank -LRB- OF-7 -RRB- . It originated from the days of naval sailing squadrons and can trace its origins to the Royal Navy . Each naval squadron would be assigned an admiral as its head , who would command from the centre vessel and direct the activities of the squadron . The admiral would in turn be assisted by a vice admiral , who commanded the lead ships which would bear the brunt of a naval battle . In the rear of the naval squadron , a third admiral would command the remaining ships and , as this section of the squadron was considered to be in the least danger , the admiral in command of the rear would typically be the most junior of the squadron admirals . This has survived into the modern age , with the rank of rear admiral the most-junior of the admiralty ranks of many navies . In some European navies -LRB- e.g. , that of France -RRB- , and in the Canadian Forces ' French rank translations , the rank of rear admiral is known as contre-amiral . In the German Navy the rank is known as Konteradmiral , superior to the flotilla admiral -LRB- Commodore in other navies -RRB- . In the Royal Netherlands Navy , this rank is known as schout-bij-nacht -LRB- lit. : supervisor during night -RRB- , denoting the role junior to the squadron admiral , and fleet admiral . ",
"In the Royal Navy , the rank of master of the fleet denoted the sailing master of a fleet flagship , or the senior sailing master in a fleet . Examples include John Bowen -LRB- master of the fleet during the Glorious First of June 1794 -RRB- , Ian Hogg , and John H. D. Cunningham . By 1814 , the title granted the master extra pay . By 1832 , the masters of the fleet were given the equivalent rank and uniform of commanders . By 1843 , masters were appointed by commission not warrant . By 1864 , the title was changed to `` staff captain '' and ranked after the regular rank of captain , while masters who had served at least 15 years were given the new rank of `` staff commander '' and ranked after commander . During the First World War the title was revived for the Grand Fleet 's senior Navigation Officer . The title has been used outside the Royal Navy , such as in Ultramarines and other science fiction , and for the captain of the Belle of Louisville . ",
"In the United States Army , United States Marine Corps , and United States Air Force , major general is a two-star general-officer rank , with the pay grade of O-8 . Major general ranks above brigadier general and below lieutenant general . A major general typically commands division-sized units of 10,000 to 15,000 soldiers . Major general is equivalent to the two-star rank of rear admiral in the United States Navy and United States Coast Guard and is the highest permanent rank during peacetime in the uniformed services . -LRB- The higher ranks are temporary ranks linked to specific positions , although virtually all officers who have been promoted to those ranks are approved to retire at their highest earned rank . -RRB- ",
"Schout-bij-nacht -LRB- -LSB- ˈsxʌu̯d bɛi̯ ˈnɑxt -RSB- -RRB- is a Dutch Naval rank , equivalent to rear admiral in the US Navy and Royal Navy . It is the second most junior admiral position of the Dutch Navy , ranking above commandeur -LRB- `` commodore '' -RRB- and below a vice-admiraal -LRB- `` vice admiral '' -RRB- . The rank of schout-bij-nacht originated between the 15th and 16th century . Interpreted as `` watch-at-night '' , the schout-bij-nacht was the officer who supervised the ship when the captain was asleep . In later times the schout-bij-nacht was also the officer who supervised an entire naval squadron , in the absence of a senior admiral , and by the 17th century schout-bij-nacht was the common rank held by the naval commander of a battle fleet 's rear squadron . In the 17th century the navies of Sweden and Denmark-Norway adopted the rank as schoutbynacht and the early Imperial Russian Navy as шаутбенахт -LRB- `` shautbenakht '' -RRB- . In 1724 the Russians , followed in 1771 by both the Swedish navy and the Dano-Norwegian navy changed the name of the rank to counter admiral -LRB- контр-адмирал in Russian , konteramiral in Swedish , kontreadmiral in Danish and Norwegian -RRB- . "
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Commodore is ranked above a rear admiral. | Rear_admiral | Rear admiral is a naval commissioned officer rank above that of a commodore and captain , and below that of a vice admiral . It is generally regarded as the lowest of the `` admiral '' ranks , which are also sometimes referred to as `` flag officers '' or `` flag ranks '' . In many navies it is referred to as a two-star rank -LRB- OF-7 -RRB- . It originated from the days of naval sailing squadrons and can trace its origins to the Royal Navy . Each naval squadron would be assigned an admiral as its head , who would command from the centre vessel and direct the activities of the squadron . The admiral would in turn be assisted by a vice admiral , who commanded the lead ships which would bear the brunt of a naval battle . In the rear of the naval squadron , a third admiral would command the remaining ships and , as this section of the squadron was considered to be in the least danger , the admiral in command of the rear would typically be the most junior of the squadron admirals . This has survived into the modern age , with the rank of rear admiral the most-junior of the admiralty ranks of many navies . In some European navies -LRB- e.g. , that of France -RRB- , and in the Canadian Forces ' French rank translations , the rank of rear admiral is known as contre-amiral . In the German Navy the rank is known as Konteradmiral , superior to the flotilla admiral -LRB- Commodore in other navies -RRB- . In the Royal Netherlands Navy , this rank is known as schout-bij-nacht -LRB- lit. : supervisor during night -RRB- , denoting the role junior to the squadron admiral , and fleet admiral . | [
"Commodore_-LRB-rank-RRB-",
"Rear_admiral",
"Master_of_the_fleet",
"Major_general_-LRB-United_States-RRB-",
"Schout-bij-nacht"
] | [
"Commodore is a naval rank used in many navies that is superior to a navy captain , but below a rear admiral . Non-English-speaking nations often use the rank of flotilla admiral or counter admiral or senior captain as an equivalent , although counter admiral may also correspond to rear admiral . Traditionally , `` commodore '' is the title for any officer assigned to command more than one ship at a time , even temporarily , much as `` captain '' is the traditional title for the commanding officer of a single ship even if the officer 's official title in the service is a lower rank . As an official rank , a commodore typically commands a flotilla or squadron of ships as part of a larger task force or naval fleet commanded by an admiral . A commodore 's ship is typically designated by the flying of a Broad pennant , as opposed to an admiral 's flag . It is often regarded as a one-star rank with a NATO code of OF-6 -LRB- which is known in the U.S. as `` rear admiral -LRB- lower half -RRB- '' -RRB- , but whether it is regarded as a flag rank varies between countries . It is sometimes abbreviated : as `` Cdre '' in British Royal Navy , `` CDRE '' in the US Navy , `` Cmdre '' in the Royal Canadian Navy , `` COMO '' in the Spanish Navy and in some navies speaking the Spanish language , or `` CMDE '' as used in the Indian Navy or in some other Navies . ",
"Rear admiral is a naval commissioned officer rank above that of a commodore and captain , and below that of a vice admiral . It is generally regarded as the lowest of the `` admiral '' ranks , which are also sometimes referred to as `` flag officers '' or `` flag ranks '' . In many navies it is referred to as a two-star rank -LRB- OF-7 -RRB- . It originated from the days of naval sailing squadrons and can trace its origins to the Royal Navy . Each naval squadron would be assigned an admiral as its head , who would command from the centre vessel and direct the activities of the squadron . The admiral would in turn be assisted by a vice admiral , who commanded the lead ships which would bear the brunt of a naval battle . In the rear of the naval squadron , a third admiral would command the remaining ships and , as this section of the squadron was considered to be in the least danger , the admiral in command of the rear would typically be the most junior of the squadron admirals . This has survived into the modern age , with the rank of rear admiral the most-junior of the admiralty ranks of many navies . In some European navies -LRB- e.g. , that of France -RRB- , and in the Canadian Forces ' French rank translations , the rank of rear admiral is known as contre-amiral . In the German Navy the rank is known as Konteradmiral , superior to the flotilla admiral -LRB- Commodore in other navies -RRB- . In the Royal Netherlands Navy , this rank is known as schout-bij-nacht -LRB- lit. : supervisor during night -RRB- , denoting the role junior to the squadron admiral , and fleet admiral . ",
"In the Royal Navy , the rank of master of the fleet denoted the sailing master of a fleet flagship , or the senior sailing master in a fleet . Examples include John Bowen -LRB- master of the fleet during the Glorious First of June 1794 -RRB- , Ian Hogg , and John H. D. Cunningham . By 1814 , the title granted the master extra pay . By 1832 , the masters of the fleet were given the equivalent rank and uniform of commanders . By 1843 , masters were appointed by commission not warrant . By 1864 , the title was changed to `` staff captain '' and ranked after the regular rank of captain , while masters who had served at least 15 years were given the new rank of `` staff commander '' and ranked after commander . During the First World War the title was revived for the Grand Fleet 's senior Navigation Officer . The title has been used outside the Royal Navy , such as in Ultramarines and other science fiction , and for the captain of the Belle of Louisville . ",
"In the United States Army , United States Marine Corps , and United States Air Force , major general is a two-star general-officer rank , with the pay grade of O-8 . Major general ranks above brigadier general and below lieutenant general . A major general typically commands division-sized units of 10,000 to 15,000 soldiers . Major general is equivalent to the two-star rank of rear admiral in the United States Navy and United States Coast Guard and is the highest permanent rank during peacetime in the uniformed services . -LRB- The higher ranks are temporary ranks linked to specific positions , although virtually all officers who have been promoted to those ranks are approved to retire at their highest earned rank . -RRB- ",
"Schout-bij-nacht -LRB- -LSB- ˈsxʌu̯d bɛi̯ ˈnɑxt -RSB- -RRB- is a Dutch Naval rank , equivalent to rear admiral in the US Navy and Royal Navy . It is the second most junior admiral position of the Dutch Navy , ranking above commandeur -LRB- `` commodore '' -RRB- and below a vice-admiraal -LRB- `` vice admiral '' -RRB- . The rank of schout-bij-nacht originated between the 15th and 16th century . Interpreted as `` watch-at-night '' , the schout-bij-nacht was the officer who supervised the ship when the captain was asleep . In later times the schout-bij-nacht was also the officer who supervised an entire naval squadron , in the absence of a senior admiral , and by the 17th century schout-bij-nacht was the common rank held by the naval commander of a battle fleet 's rear squadron . In the 17th century the navies of Sweden and Denmark-Norway adopted the rank as schoutbynacht and the early Imperial Russian Navy as шаутбенахт -LRB- `` shautbenakht '' -RRB- . In 1724 the Russians , followed in 1771 by both the Swedish navy and the Dano-Norwegian navy changed the name of the rank to counter admiral -LRB- контр-адмирал in Russian , konteramiral in Swedish , kontreadmiral in Danish and Norwegian -RRB- . "
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Moscovium is a halogen. | Moscovium is a superheavy synthetic element with symbol Mc and atomic number 115 . It was first synthesized in 2003 by a joint team of Russian and American scientists at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research -LRB- JINR -RRB- in Dubna , Russia . In December 2015 , it was recognized as one of four new elements by the Joint Working Party of international scientific bodies IUPAC and IUPAP . On 28 November 2016 , it was officially named after the Moscow region , which the JINR is situated in . Moscovium is an extremely radioactive element : its most stable known isotope , moscovium-290 , has a half-life of only 0.8 seconds . In the periodic table , it is a p-block transactinide element . It is a member of the 7th period and is placed in group 15 as the heaviest pnictogen , although it has not been confirmed to behave as a heavier homologue of the pnictogen bismuth . Moscovium is calculated to have some properties similar to its lighter homologues , nitrogen , phosphorus , arsenic , antimony , and bismuth , and to be a post-transition metal , although it should also show several major differences from them . About 100 atoms of moscovium have been observed to date , all of which have been shown to have mass numbers from 287 to 290 . | [
"Moscovium",
"Halostagnicola_larsenii",
"Halocnemum_strobilaceum",
"Halomonas_nitroreducens",
"Penicillium_thymicola"
] | [
"Moscovium is a superheavy synthetic element with symbol Mc and atomic number 115 . It was first synthesized in 2003 by a joint team of Russian and American scientists at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research -LRB- JINR -RRB- in Dubna , Russia . In December 2015 , it was recognized as one of four new elements by the Joint Working Party of international scientific bodies IUPAC and IUPAP . On 28 November 2016 , it was officially named after the Moscow region , which the JINR is situated in . Moscovium is an extremely radioactive element : its most stable known isotope , moscovium-290 , has a half-life of only 0.8 seconds . In the periodic table , it is a p-block transactinide element . It is a member of the 7th period and is placed in group 15 as the heaviest pnictogen , although it has not been confirmed to behave as a heavier homologue of the pnictogen bismuth . Moscovium is calculated to have some properties similar to its lighter homologues , nitrogen , phosphorus , arsenic , antimony , and bismuth , and to be a post-transition metal , although it should also show several major differences from them . About 100 atoms of moscovium have been observed to date , all of which have been shown to have mass numbers from 287 to 290 . ",
"Halostagnicola larsenii is a non-motile , aerobic , gram-negative , rod shaped archaeon . It is a halophilic , neutrophilic , chemo-organotroph and was isolated from samples taken from a saline lake in China . The etymology of the name comes from Halos Greek for salt , stagnum Latin for standing water , cola Latin for inhabitant or dweller , and Larsenii named after the Norwegian microbiologist , Helge Larsen , who was a pioneer in research regarding halophiles . ",
"Halocnemum strobilaceum is a species of flowering plant in the subfamily Salicornioideae of the amaranth family . It is native to coastal areas of the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea and parts of the Middle East and central Asia , where it grows in coastal and inland salt marshes , alkali flats , and other habitats with saline soils . ",
"Halomonas nitroreducens is a Gram-negative halophilic Proteobacteria , that is able to respire on nitrate and nitrite in anaerobiosis . Halomonas nitroreducenss closest relatives are Halomonas alimentaria , H. denitrificans , H. organivorans , and H. ventosa . The proteobacteria was studied taxonomically from a strain taken from a solar saltern in Cáhuil , Pichilemu , Chile , by the University of Granada . ",
"Penicillium thymicola is a halotolerant species of the genus of Penicillium which produces okaramine A , daldinin D , alantrypinone , seranttrypinone , fumiquinazoline F and fumiquinazoline G. "
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Hezbollah received a type of training from Iran. | Hezbollah | Hezbollah -LRB- pronounced -LSB- ˌhɛzbəˈlɑː -RSB- حزب الله , literally `` Party of Allah '' or `` Party of God '' -RRB- -- also transliterated Hizbullah , Hizballah , etc. -- is a Shi'a Islamist militant group and political party based in Lebanon . Hezbollah 's paramilitary wing is the Jihad Council , and its political wing is Loyalty to the Resistance Bloc party in the Lebanese parliament . After the death of Abbas al-Musawi in 1992 , the group has been headed by Hassan Nasrallah , its Secretary-General . After the Israeli invasion of Lebanon in 1982 in support of the Free Lebanon State , Israel occupied a strip of south Lebanon , which was controlled by the South Lebanon Army -LRB- SLA -RRB- , a Lebanese Christian militia supported by Israel . Hezbollah was conceived by Muslim clerics and funded by Iran primarily to harass the Israeli occupation . Its leaders were followers of Ayatollah Khomeini , and its forces were trained and organized by a contingent of 1,500 Revolutionary Guards that arrived from Iran with permission from the Syrian government , which was in occupation of Lebanon at the time . Hezbollah 's 1985 manifesto listed its objectives as the expulsion of `` the Americans , the French and their allies definitely from Lebanon , putting an end to any colonialist entity on our land '' , submission of the Phalangists to `` just power '' and bringing them to justice `` for the crimes they have perpetrated against Muslims and Christians '' , and permitting `` all the sons of our people '' to choose the form of government they want , while calling on them to `` pick the option of Islamic government '' . Hezbollah waged a guerilla campaign in South Lebanon and as a result , Israel withdrew from Lebanon on May 24 , 2000 , and SLA collapsed and surrendered . Backed by Iran , Hezbollah fighters fought against Serbian forces during the Bosnian War . Hezbollah 's military strength has grown so significantly that its paramilitary wing is considered more powerful than the Lebanese Army . Hezbollah has been described as a `` state within a state '' , and has grown into an organization with seats in the Lebanese government , a radio and a satellite TV station , social services and large-scale military deployment of fighters beyond Lebanon 's borders . Hezbollah is part of the March 8 Alliance within Lebanon , in opposition to the March 14 Alliance . Hezbollah maintains strong support among Lebanon 's Shi'a population , while Sunnis have disagreed with the group 's agenda . Hezbollah receives military training , weapons , and financial support from Iran , and political support from Syria . Hezbollah and Israel fought each other in the 2006 Lebanon War . After the 2006 -- 08 Lebanese protests and clashes , a national unity government was formed in 2008 , with Hezbollah and its opposition allies obtaining eleven of thirty cabinets seats , which gives them veto power . In August 2008 , Lebanon 's new Cabinet unanimously approved a draft policy statement which recognized Hezbollah 's existence as an armed organization and guarantees its right to `` liberate or recover occupied lands '' -LRB- such as the Shebaa Farms -RRB- . Since 2012 , Hezbollah has helped the Syrian government during the Syrian civil war in its fight against the Syrian opposition , which Hezbollah has described as a Zionist plot and a `` Wahhabi-Zionist conspiracy '' to destroy its alliance with Assad against Israel . It has deployed its militia in both Syria and Iraq to fight or train local forces to fight against ISIS . Once seen as a resistance movement throughout much of the Arab world , this image upon which the group 's legitimacy rested has been severely damaged due to the sectarian nature of the Syrian Civil War in which it has become embroiled . Hezbollah 's status as a legitimate political party , a terrorist group , a resistance movement , or some combination thereof is a contentious issue . The Arab League , United States , France , the Gulf Cooperation Council , Australia , Canada , the Netherlands , and Israel have classified Hezbollah as a terrorist organization . The European Union , New Zealand and the United Kingdom have proscribed Hezbollah 's military wing as a terrorist organization , while making a distinction with Hezbollah 's political wing . Russia considers Hezbollah a legitimate sociopolitical organization . The People 's Republic of China remains neutral , and maintains contacts with Hezbollah . | [
"Hezbollah",
"Ahmad_Motevaselian",
"Ata'ollah_Ashrafi_Esfahani",
"Bahad",
"Khiam_detention_center"
] | [
"Hezbollah -LRB- pronounced -LSB- ˌhɛzbəˈlɑː -RSB- حزب الله , literally `` Party of Allah '' or `` Party of God '' -RRB- -- also transliterated Hizbullah , Hizballah , etc. -- is a Shi'a Islamist militant group and political party based in Lebanon . Hezbollah 's paramilitary wing is the Jihad Council , and its political wing is Loyalty to the Resistance Bloc party in the Lebanese parliament . After the death of Abbas al-Musawi in 1992 , the group has been headed by Hassan Nasrallah , its Secretary-General . After the Israeli invasion of Lebanon in 1982 in support of the Free Lebanon State , Israel occupied a strip of south Lebanon , which was controlled by the South Lebanon Army -LRB- SLA -RRB- , a Lebanese Christian militia supported by Israel . Hezbollah was conceived by Muslim clerics and funded by Iran primarily to harass the Israeli occupation . Its leaders were followers of Ayatollah Khomeini , and its forces were trained and organized by a contingent of 1,500 Revolutionary Guards that arrived from Iran with permission from the Syrian government , which was in occupation of Lebanon at the time . Hezbollah 's 1985 manifesto listed its objectives as the expulsion of `` the Americans , the French and their allies definitely from Lebanon , putting an end to any colonialist entity on our land '' , submission of the Phalangists to `` just power '' and bringing them to justice `` for the crimes they have perpetrated against Muslims and Christians '' , and permitting `` all the sons of our people '' to choose the form of government they want , while calling on them to `` pick the option of Islamic government '' . Hezbollah waged a guerilla campaign in South Lebanon and as a result , Israel withdrew from Lebanon on May 24 , 2000 , and SLA collapsed and surrendered . Backed by Iran , Hezbollah fighters fought against Serbian forces during the Bosnian War . Hezbollah 's military strength has grown so significantly that its paramilitary wing is considered more powerful than the Lebanese Army . Hezbollah has been described as a `` state within a state '' , and has grown into an organization with seats in the Lebanese government , a radio and a satellite TV station , social services and large-scale military deployment of fighters beyond Lebanon 's borders . Hezbollah is part of the March 8 Alliance within Lebanon , in opposition to the March 14 Alliance . Hezbollah maintains strong support among Lebanon 's Shi'a population , while Sunnis have disagreed with the group 's agenda . Hezbollah receives military training , weapons , and financial support from Iran , and political support from Syria . Hezbollah and Israel fought each other in the 2006 Lebanon War . After the 2006 -- 08 Lebanese protests and clashes , a national unity government was formed in 2008 , with Hezbollah and its opposition allies obtaining eleven of thirty cabinets seats , which gives them veto power . In August 2008 , Lebanon 's new Cabinet unanimously approved a draft policy statement which recognized Hezbollah 's existence as an armed organization and guarantees its right to `` liberate or recover occupied lands '' -LRB- such as the Shebaa Farms -RRB- . Since 2012 , Hezbollah has helped the Syrian government during the Syrian civil war in its fight against the Syrian opposition , which Hezbollah has described as a Zionist plot and a `` Wahhabi-Zionist conspiracy '' to destroy its alliance with Assad against Israel . It has deployed its militia in both Syria and Iraq to fight or train local forces to fight against ISIS . Once seen as a resistance movement throughout much of the Arab world , this image upon which the group 's legitimacy rested has been severely damaged due to the sectarian nature of the Syrian Civil War in which it has become embroiled . Hezbollah 's status as a legitimate political party , a terrorist group , a resistance movement , or some combination thereof is a contentious issue . The Arab League , United States , France , the Gulf Cooperation Council , Australia , Canada , the Netherlands , and Israel have classified Hezbollah as a terrorist organization . The European Union , New Zealand and the United Kingdom have proscribed Hezbollah 's military wing as a terrorist organization , while making a distinction with Hezbollah 's political wing . Russia considers Hezbollah a legitimate sociopolitical organization . The People 's Republic of China remains neutral , and maintains contacts with Hezbollah . ",
"Ahmdad Motevaselian , an Iranian military attache , was one of four Iranians that disappeared in Lebanon in 1982 . During the Iran-Iraq war , he was a commander in the Army of the Guardians of the Islamic Revolution and established the 27th Muhammad Rasool-Allah Division of Tehran . He played a role in the Liberation of Khorramshahr and later , as part of a senior diplomatic group of political and military leaders , went to Syria . On 5 July 1982 , when the vehicle carrying the diplomats was passing through a checkpoint post on its way to Beirut , it was intercepted by Phalange Party . The car and four passengers , completely disappeared . Iran has accused Israel of kidnapping and holding them in Israeli jails and covering up their fate . Israel has said it is not aware of the fate of the diplomats . Iran called on the International Committee of the Red Cross -LRB- ICRC -RRB- to investigate their whereabouts . Three decades after the incident , the fate of the missing diplomats remains a mystery , and the search for Motevaselian and the other Iranians continues . Three decades after the incident , the fate of the missing diplomats remains a mystery but it is assumed that shortly after their abduction , they were executed by the Phalange . ",
"Ayatollah Ata'ollah Ashrafi Esfahani -LRB- آیت الله عطاءالله اشرفی اصفهانی , 1902 -- 1982 -RRB- was an Iranian religious leader . He was born in Esfahan and educated in Esfahan and Qom Seminary . He became a Mojtahed , when he was 40 . After victory of Islamic Revolution in Iran , he was selected as Imam Jumu'ah -LRB- The chief mullah for Friday prayers -RRB- of Kermanshah . He was killed by a member of Mujahideen-e Khalq in Friday prayer on October 15 , 1982 . ",
"Bahad -LRB- בה '' ד , short for Bsis Hadrakha , lit . Training base -RRB- is a military training base in the Israel Defense Forces . Each Bahad deals with a certain field , such as law enforcement or logistics . Generally , each Bahad belongs to a certain corps and conducts all courses required by the corps in question . Some training bases also train the new recruits of the corps . The Israel Defense Forces also has several Bahads which do n't belong to any particular corps and exist for the sole purpose of training new recruits . They are called recruit training bases , or Batars -LRB- בט '' ר , short for Bsis Tironut . Most Bahads are located in Camp Yadin -LRB- Tzrifin -RRB- , although several are not . Notably , Bahad 1 , the well-known school for officers , is located in the south of the country . Camp Ariel Sharon is currently being constructed to contain several training bases , because Tzrifin has a high land value and is gradually being sold to civilian contractors . ",
"The Khiam Detention Center , located near Khiam , Lebanon , was a French army barracks complex originally built in the 1930s . It became a base for the Lebanese army before falling under control of the South Lebanon Army -LRB- SLA -RRB- , an Israeli-backed breakaway group of soldiers formed during the Lebanese civil war . In 1985 the base was converted into a prison camp that was used for torture and remained in use until Israel 's withdrawal from Lebanon in May 2000 , and the subsequent collapse of the SLA . After the withdrawal , the prison camp was preserved in the condition it was abandoned and converted into a museum by the Lebanese government . Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch reported the use of torture and other serious human rights abuses in the facility . Robert Fisk , the British journalist who has spent 25 years reporting from Lebanon , said about this prison : `` The sadists of Khiam used to electrocute the penises of their prisoners and throw water over their bodies before plunging electrodes into their chests and kept them in pitch-black , solitary confinement for months . For many years , the Israelis even banned the Red Cross from visiting their foul prison . All the torturers fled across the border into Israel when the Israeli army retreated under fire from Lebanon almost seven years ago . ''`` There was the whipping pole and the window grilles where prisoners were tied naked for days , freezing water thrown over them at night . Then there were the electric leads for the little dynamo -- the machine mercifully taken off to Israel by the interrogators -- which had the inmates shrieking with pain when the electrodes touched their fingers or penises . And there were the handcuffs which an ex-prisoner handed to me yesterday afternoon . They were used over years to bind the arms of prisoners before interrogation . And they wore them , day and night , as they were kicked -- kicked so badly in Sulieman Ramadan 's case that they later had to amputate his arm . Another prisoner was so badly beaten , he lost the use of a leg . I found his crutch in Khiam prison yesterday , along with piles of Red Cross letters from prisoners -- letters which the guards from Israel 's now-defunct `` South Lebanon Army '' militia never bothered to forward '' . In some prison cells , there were small metal cages , torturers used to make the prisoners sit inside of them and then start hitting the cage from the outside , sometimes for hours , as a form of mental torture . Israel has denied any involvement in Khiam , allegedly claiming to have delegated operation of the detention camp to the South Lebanon Army -LRB- SLA -RRB- as early as 1988 . The Israeli Defense Ministry acknowledged that personnel from Israel 's General Security service `` hold meetings several times annually with SLA interrogators '' and cooperate with members of the SLA , and even assist them by means of professional guidance and training . '' It also admitted that Israel and the SLA `` consult each other regarding the arrest and release of people in the Khiam facility . '' In a court case brought by Israeli human rights lawyers , the Israeli Defense Ministry admitted paying staff at Khiam , training the interrogators and guards , and providing assistance with lie detector tests . "
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In states still employing the electric chair to execute people, the prisoner is allowed the choice of lethal injection as an alternative method. | Electric_chair | Execution by electrocution , performed using an electric chair , is a method of execution originating in the United States in which the condemned person is strapped to a specially built wooden chair and electrocuted through electrodes fastened on the head and leg . This execution method , conceived in 1881 by a Buffalo , New York , dentist named Alfred P. Southwick , was developed throughout the 1880s as a humane alternative to hanging and first used in 1890 . This execution method has been used in the United States and , for a period of several decades , in the Philippines -LRB- its first use there in 1924 , last in 1976 -RRB- . Historically , once the condemned person was attached to the chair , various cycles -LRB- differing in voltage and duration -RRB- of alternating current would be passed through the individual 's body , in order to cause fatal damage to the internal organs -LRB- including the brain -RRB- . The first more powerful jolt of electric current was designed to pass through the head and cause immediate unconsciousness and brain death . The second less powerful jolt was designed to cause fatal damage to the vital organs . Death may also be caused by electrical overstimulation of the heart . Although the electric chair has long been a symbol of the death penalty in the United States , its use is in decline due to the rise of lethal injection , which is widely believed to be a more humane method of execution . Although some states still maintain electrocution as a method of execution , today it is only maintained as a secondary method that may be chosen over lethal injection at the request of the prisoner , except in Tennessee where it may be used if the drugs for lethal injection are not available , without input from the prisoner . As of 2014 , electrocution is an optional form of execution in Alabama , Florida , South Carolina and Virginia . They allow the prisoner to choose lethal injection as an alternative method . In the state of Kentucky the electric chair has been retired except for those whose capital crimes were committed prior to March 31 , 1998 , and who choose electrocution ; inmates who do not choose electrocution and inmates who committed their crimes after the designated date are executed by lethal injection . In the state of Tennessee the electric chair is available for use if lethal injection drugs are unavailable , or otherwise if the inmate so chooses if their capital crime was committed before 1999 . The electric chair is an alternate form of execution approved for potential use in Arkansas and Oklahoma if other forms of execution are found unconstitutional in the state at the time of execution . On February 8 , 2008 , the Nebraska Supreme Court determined that execution by electric chair was a `` cruel and unusual punishment '' under the state 's constitution . This brought executions of this type to an end in Nebraska , the only remaining state to retain electrocution as its sole method of execution . | [
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"List_of_people_executed_in_New_York",
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"Execution by electrocution , performed using an electric chair , is a method of execution originating in the United States in which the condemned person is strapped to a specially built wooden chair and electrocuted through electrodes fastened on the head and leg . This execution method , conceived in 1881 by a Buffalo , New York , dentist named Alfred P. Southwick , was developed throughout the 1880s as a humane alternative to hanging and first used in 1890 . This execution method has been used in the United States and , for a period of several decades , in the Philippines -LRB- its first use there in 1924 , last in 1976 -RRB- . Historically , once the condemned person was attached to the chair , various cycles -LRB- differing in voltage and duration -RRB- of alternating current would be passed through the individual 's body , in order to cause fatal damage to the internal organs -LRB- including the brain -RRB- . The first more powerful jolt of electric current was designed to pass through the head and cause immediate unconsciousness and brain death . The second less powerful jolt was designed to cause fatal damage to the vital organs . Death may also be caused by electrical overstimulation of the heart . Although the electric chair has long been a symbol of the death penalty in the United States , its use is in decline due to the rise of lethal injection , which is widely believed to be a more humane method of execution . Although some states still maintain electrocution as a method of execution , today it is only maintained as a secondary method that may be chosen over lethal injection at the request of the prisoner , except in Tennessee where it may be used if the drugs for lethal injection are not available , without input from the prisoner . As of 2014 , electrocution is an optional form of execution in Alabama , Florida , South Carolina and Virginia . They allow the prisoner to choose lethal injection as an alternative method . In the state of Kentucky the electric chair has been retired except for those whose capital crimes were committed prior to March 31 , 1998 , and who choose electrocution ; inmates who do not choose electrocution and inmates who committed their crimes after the designated date are executed by lethal injection . In the state of Tennessee the electric chair is available for use if lethal injection drugs are unavailable , or otherwise if the inmate so chooses if their capital crime was committed before 1999 . The electric chair is an alternate form of execution approved for potential use in Arkansas and Oklahoma if other forms of execution are found unconstitutional in the state at the time of execution . On February 8 , 2008 , the Nebraska Supreme Court determined that execution by electric chair was a `` cruel and unusual punishment '' under the state 's constitution . This brought executions of this type to an end in Nebraska , the only remaining state to retain electrocution as its sole method of execution . ",
"Glossip v. Gross , was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held 5-4 that lethal injections using midazolam do not constitute cruel and unusual punishment under the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution . The Court found that condemned prisoners can only challenge their method of execution after providing a known and available alternative method . ",
"A euthanasia device is a machine engineered to allow an individual to die quickly with minimal pain . The most common devices are those designed to help terminally ill people die by voluntary euthanasia or assisted suicide without prolonged pain . They may be operated by a second party , such as a physician , or by the person wishing to die . There is an ongoing debate on the ethics of euthanasia and the use of euthanasia devices . ",
"This list of individuals executed in New York gives the names of some of the individuals executed in New York , both before and after statehood in the United States -LRB- including as New Amsterdam -RRB- , as well as the individual 's date of execution , method of execution , and the name of the Governor of New York at the date of execution . 1963 marked the last execution in New York State . Some executions recorded during the 17th and 18th centuries do not indicate the name -LRB- s -RRB- of the executed and are not , therefore , included herein . Regarding electrocutions , which comprise a large percentage of the executions : 55 people -LRB- 54 men and 1 woman -RRB- were electrocuted at Auburn Correctional Facility 26 men were electrocuted at Clinton Correctional Facility 614 people -LRB- including 8 women -RRB- were electrocuted at Sing Sing ",
"Capital punishment , also known as the death penalty , is a government sanctioned practice whereby a person is put to death by the state as a punishment for a crime . The sentence that someone be punished in such a manner is referred to as a death sentence , whereas the act of carrying out the sentence is known as an execution . Crimes that are punishable by death are known as capital crimes or capital offences , and they commonly include offences such as murder , treason , espionage , war crimes , crimes against humanity and genocide . Etymologically , the term capital -LRB- lit . `` of the head '' , derived via the Latin capitalis from caput , `` head '' -RRB- in this context alluded to execution by beheading . Fifty-six countries retain capital punishment , 103 countries have completely abolished it de jure for all crimes , six have abolished it for ordinary crimes -LRB- while maintaining it for special circumstances such as war crimes -RRB- , and 30 are abolitionist in practice . Capital punishment is a matter of active controversy in various countries and states , and positions can vary within a single political ideology or cultural region . In the European Union , Article 2 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union prohibits the use of capital punishment . Also , the Council of Europe , which has 47 member states , prohibits the use of the death penalty by its members . The United Nations General Assembly has adopted , in 2007 , 2008 , 2010 , 2012 and 2014 , non-binding resolutions calling for a global moratorium on executions , with a view to eventual abolition . Although most nations have abolished capital punishment , over 60 % of the world 's population live in countries where executions take place , such as China , India , the United States and Indonesia . "
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In states still employing the electric chair to execute people, the prisoner is allowed the choice of lethal injection as an alternative method. | Capital_punishment | Capital punishment , also known as the death penalty , is a government sanctioned practice whereby a person is put to death by the state as a punishment for a crime . The sentence that someone be punished in such a manner is referred to as a death sentence , whereas the act of carrying out the sentence is known as an execution . Crimes that are punishable by death are known as capital crimes or capital offences , and they commonly include offences such as murder , treason , espionage , war crimes , crimes against humanity and genocide . Etymologically , the term capital -LRB- lit . `` of the head '' , derived via the Latin capitalis from caput , `` head '' -RRB- in this context alluded to execution by beheading . Fifty-six countries retain capital punishment , 103 countries have completely abolished it de jure for all crimes , six have abolished it for ordinary crimes -LRB- while maintaining it for special circumstances such as war crimes -RRB- , and 30 are abolitionist in practice . Capital punishment is a matter of active controversy in various countries and states , and positions can vary within a single political ideology or cultural region . In the European Union , Article 2 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union prohibits the use of capital punishment . Also , the Council of Europe , which has 47 member states , prohibits the use of the death penalty by its members . The United Nations General Assembly has adopted , in 2007 , 2008 , 2010 , 2012 and 2014 , non-binding resolutions calling for a global moratorium on executions , with a view to eventual abolition . Although most nations have abolished capital punishment , over 60 % of the world 's population live in countries where executions take place , such as China , India , the United States and Indonesia . | [
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"Execution by electrocution , performed using an electric chair , is a method of execution originating in the United States in which the condemned person is strapped to a specially built wooden chair and electrocuted through electrodes fastened on the head and leg . This execution method , conceived in 1881 by a Buffalo , New York , dentist named Alfred P. Southwick , was developed throughout the 1880s as a humane alternative to hanging and first used in 1890 . This execution method has been used in the United States and , for a period of several decades , in the Philippines -LRB- its first use there in 1924 , last in 1976 -RRB- . Historically , once the condemned person was attached to the chair , various cycles -LRB- differing in voltage and duration -RRB- of alternating current would be passed through the individual 's body , in order to cause fatal damage to the internal organs -LRB- including the brain -RRB- . The first more powerful jolt of electric current was designed to pass through the head and cause immediate unconsciousness and brain death . The second less powerful jolt was designed to cause fatal damage to the vital organs . Death may also be caused by electrical overstimulation of the heart . Although the electric chair has long been a symbol of the death penalty in the United States , its use is in decline due to the rise of lethal injection , which is widely believed to be a more humane method of execution . Although some states still maintain electrocution as a method of execution , today it is only maintained as a secondary method that may be chosen over lethal injection at the request of the prisoner , except in Tennessee where it may be used if the drugs for lethal injection are not available , without input from the prisoner . As of 2014 , electrocution is an optional form of execution in Alabama , Florida , South Carolina and Virginia . They allow the prisoner to choose lethal injection as an alternative method . In the state of Kentucky the electric chair has been retired except for those whose capital crimes were committed prior to March 31 , 1998 , and who choose electrocution ; inmates who do not choose electrocution and inmates who committed their crimes after the designated date are executed by lethal injection . In the state of Tennessee the electric chair is available for use if lethal injection drugs are unavailable , or otherwise if the inmate so chooses if their capital crime was committed before 1999 . The electric chair is an alternate form of execution approved for potential use in Arkansas and Oklahoma if other forms of execution are found unconstitutional in the state at the time of execution . On February 8 , 2008 , the Nebraska Supreme Court determined that execution by electric chair was a `` cruel and unusual punishment '' under the state 's constitution . This brought executions of this type to an end in Nebraska , the only remaining state to retain electrocution as its sole method of execution . ",
"Glossip v. Gross , was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held 5-4 that lethal injections using midazolam do not constitute cruel and unusual punishment under the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution . The Court found that condemned prisoners can only challenge their method of execution after providing a known and available alternative method . ",
"A euthanasia device is a machine engineered to allow an individual to die quickly with minimal pain . The most common devices are those designed to help terminally ill people die by voluntary euthanasia or assisted suicide without prolonged pain . They may be operated by a second party , such as a physician , or by the person wishing to die . There is an ongoing debate on the ethics of euthanasia and the use of euthanasia devices . ",
"This list of individuals executed in New York gives the names of some of the individuals executed in New York , both before and after statehood in the United States -LRB- including as New Amsterdam -RRB- , as well as the individual 's date of execution , method of execution , and the name of the Governor of New York at the date of execution . 1963 marked the last execution in New York State . Some executions recorded during the 17th and 18th centuries do not indicate the name -LRB- s -RRB- of the executed and are not , therefore , included herein . Regarding electrocutions , which comprise a large percentage of the executions : 55 people -LRB- 54 men and 1 woman -RRB- were electrocuted at Auburn Correctional Facility 26 men were electrocuted at Clinton Correctional Facility 614 people -LRB- including 8 women -RRB- were electrocuted at Sing Sing ",
"Capital punishment , also known as the death penalty , is a government sanctioned practice whereby a person is put to death by the state as a punishment for a crime . The sentence that someone be punished in such a manner is referred to as a death sentence , whereas the act of carrying out the sentence is known as an execution . Crimes that are punishable by death are known as capital crimes or capital offences , and they commonly include offences such as murder , treason , espionage , war crimes , crimes against humanity and genocide . Etymologically , the term capital -LRB- lit . `` of the head '' , derived via the Latin capitalis from caput , `` head '' -RRB- in this context alluded to execution by beheading . Fifty-six countries retain capital punishment , 103 countries have completely abolished it de jure for all crimes , six have abolished it for ordinary crimes -LRB- while maintaining it for special circumstances such as war crimes -RRB- , and 30 are abolitionist in practice . Capital punishment is a matter of active controversy in various countries and states , and positions can vary within a single political ideology or cultural region . In the European Union , Article 2 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union prohibits the use of capital punishment . Also , the Council of Europe , which has 47 member states , prohibits the use of the death penalty by its members . The United Nations General Assembly has adopted , in 2007 , 2008 , 2010 , 2012 and 2014 , non-binding resolutions calling for a global moratorium on executions , with a view to eventual abolition . Although most nations have abolished capital punishment , over 60 % of the world 's population live in countries where executions take place , such as China , India , the United States and Indonesia . "
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Practical Magic is an American romantic drama film. | Practical Magic is a 1998 American romantic comedy film based on the 1995 novel of the same name by Alice Hoffman . The film was directed by Griffin Dunne and stars Sandra Bullock , Nicole Kidman , Stockard Channing , Dianne Wiest , Aidan Quinn , and Goran Visnjic . The film score was composed by Alan Silvestri . Bullock and Kidman play sisters Sally and Gillian Owens , who have always known they were different from each other . Raised by their aunts after their parents ' death , the sisters grew up in a household that was anything but typical -- their aunts fed them chocolate cake for breakfast and taught them the uses of practical magic . But the invocation of the Owens ' sorcery also carries a price -- some call it a curse : the men they fall in love with are doomed to an untimely death . Now adult women with very different personalities , the quiet Sally and the fiery Gillian must use all of their powers to fight the family curse and a swarm of supernatural forces that could take away all the Owens ' lives . | [
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"Practical Magic is a 1998 American romantic comedy film based on the 1995 novel of the same name by Alice Hoffman . The film was directed by Griffin Dunne and stars Sandra Bullock , Nicole Kidman , Stockard Channing , Dianne Wiest , Aidan Quinn , and Goran Visnjic . The film score was composed by Alan Silvestri . Bullock and Kidman play sisters Sally and Gillian Owens , who have always known they were different from each other . Raised by their aunts after their parents ' death , the sisters grew up in a household that was anything but typical -- their aunts fed them chocolate cake for breakfast and taught them the uses of practical magic . But the invocation of the Owens ' sorcery also carries a price -- some call it a curse : the men they fall in love with are doomed to an untimely death . Now adult women with very different personalities , the quiet Sally and the fiery Gillian must use all of their powers to fight the family curse and a swarm of supernatural forces that could take away all the Owens ' lives . ",
"Alice Hoffman -LRB- born March 16 , 1952 -RRB- is an American novelist and young-adult and children 's writer , best known for her 1995 novel Practical Magic , which was adapted for a 1998 film of the same name . Many of her works fall into the genre of magic realism and contain elements of magic , irony , and non-standard romances and relationships . ",
"Food and Magic is a 1943 short documentary film commissioned by the United States Government during World War II . Food and Magic , was produced by the War Activities Committee of The Motion Picture Industry and it deals with food conservation and healthy eating . It stars Jack Carson as a sideshow barker who informs the crowd about proper wartime food consumption , including conservation and rationing . ",
"The Magic Numbers is the self-titled debut album from The Magic Numbers . It was nominated for a Mercury Music Prize in 2005 . Songwriting duties were taken by Romeo Stodart as was much of the musical composition and arrangement . It incorporated the earlier single release of `` Hymn for Her '' as a hidden track . The album incorporates many folk elements within the main indie sound which resounds throughout . The album also reflects many elements of the writers early childhood dreams , tales of their love life and desperation of youth . For example , `` Love Me Like You '' , the best known single of the album , illustrates the difference of feeling in their love for each other . ",
"The Magic Crystal is a 1986 Hong Kong action film written and directed by Wong Jing . The film stars Andy Lau and Cynthia Rothrock . It is about a mysterious crystal that holds powers to be able to do both nice and terrible things . The film is well known for being one of those ` so bad it 's good ' films . What saves the film from total mediocrity is its high-octane martial arts scenes . "
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Corsica belongs to Italy. | Corsica | Corsica -LRB- -LSB- ˈkɔrsɪkə -RSB- Corse -LSB- kɔʁs -RSB- Corsican and Italian : Corsica -LSB- ˈkɔrsika -RSB- -RRB- is an island in the Mediterranean Sea and one of the 13 regions of France . It is located west of the Italian Peninsula , southeast of the French mainland , and north of the Italian island of Sardinia . A single chain of mountains makes up two-thirds of the island . While being part of France , Corsica is also designated as a territorial collectivity -LRB- collectivité territoriale -RRB- by law . As a territorial collectivity , Corsica enjoys a greater degree of autonomy than other French regions ; for example , the Corsican Assembly is able to exercise limited executive powers . The island formed a single department until it was split in 1975 into two departments : Haute-Corse -LRB- Upper Corsica -RRB- and Corse-du-Sud -LRB- Southern Corsica -RRB- , with its regional capital in Ajaccio , the prefecture city of Corse-du-Sud . Bastia , the prefecture city of Haute-Corse , is the second-largest settlement in Corsica . After being ruled by the Republic of Genoa since 1284 , Corsica was briefly an independent Corsican Republic from 1755 until it was conquered by France in 1769 . Due to Corsica 's historical ties with the Italian peninsula , the island retains to this day many elements of the culture of Italy . The native Corsican language , whose northern variant is closely related to the Italian language , is recognised as a regional language by the French government . This Mediterranean island was ruled by various nations over the course of history but had several brief periods of independence . Napoleon was born in 1769 in the Corsican capital of Ajaccio . His ancestral home , Maison Bonaparte , is today used as a museum . | [
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"Corsica -LRB- -LSB- ˈkɔrsɪkə -RSB- Corse -LSB- kɔʁs -RSB- Corsican and Italian : Corsica -LSB- ˈkɔrsika -RSB- -RRB- is an island in the Mediterranean Sea and one of the 13 regions of France . It is located west of the Italian Peninsula , southeast of the French mainland , and north of the Italian island of Sardinia . A single chain of mountains makes up two-thirds of the island . While being part of France , Corsica is also designated as a territorial collectivity -LRB- collectivité territoriale -RRB- by law . As a territorial collectivity , Corsica enjoys a greater degree of autonomy than other French regions ; for example , the Corsican Assembly is able to exercise limited executive powers . The island formed a single department until it was split in 1975 into two departments : Haute-Corse -LRB- Upper Corsica -RRB- and Corse-du-Sud -LRB- Southern Corsica -RRB- , with its regional capital in Ajaccio , the prefecture city of Corse-du-Sud . Bastia , the prefecture city of Haute-Corse , is the second-largest settlement in Corsica . After being ruled by the Republic of Genoa since 1284 , Corsica was briefly an independent Corsican Republic from 1755 until it was conquered by France in 1769 . Due to Corsica 's historical ties with the Italian peninsula , the island retains to this day many elements of the culture of Italy . The native Corsican language , whose northern variant is closely related to the Italian language , is recognised as a regional language by the French government . This Mediterranean island was ruled by various nations over the course of history but had several brief periods of independence . Napoleon was born in 1769 in the Corsican capital of Ajaccio . His ancestral home , Maison Bonaparte , is today used as a museum . ",
"Monte Cinto -LRB- Monte Cintu -RRB- is the highest mountain on the island of Corsica , a région of France . ",
"Haute-Corse -LRB- -LSB- ot.kɔʁs -RSB- ; Corsica suprana -RRB- -LRB- Upper Corsica -RRB- is a department of France consisting of the northern part of the island of Corsica . ",
"This is a list of the mammal species recorded in Corsica , France . The following tags are used to highlight each species ' conservation status as assessed by the IUCN . Some species were assessed using an earlier set of criteria . Species assessed using this system have the following instead of Near Threatened and Least Concern categories : ",
"Bastia -LRB- Bastìa -RRB- -LRB- -LSB- bas.tja -RSB- , Corsican and Italian pronunciation : -LSB- - allbasˈti.a -RSB- -RRB- is a French commune in the Haute-Corse department of France located in the north-east of the island of Corsica at the base of Cap Corse . It also has the second-highest population of any commune on the island after Ajaccio and is the capital of the Bagnaja region and of the department . Bastia is the principal port of the island and its principal commercial town and is especially famous for its wines . Approximately 10 % of the population are immigrants . The unemployment rate in the commune has persistently been one of the highest in France , standing at over 20 % in 2004 . The inhabitants of the commune are known as Bastiais or Bastiaises . The commune has been awarded three flowers by the National Council of Towns and Villages in Bloom in the Competition of cities and villages in Bloom . "
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Ice-T refused to ever make hip-hop music. | Ice-T | Tracy Lauren Marrow -LRB- born February 16 , 1958 -RRB- , better known by his stage name Ice-T , is an American rapper , metal vocalist and actor . He began his career as a rapper in the 1980s and was signed to Sire Records in 1987 , when he released his debut album Rhyme Pays , one of the first hip-hop albums to carry an explicit content sticker . The next year , he founded the record label Rhyme $ yndicate Records -LRB- named after his collective of fellow hip-hop artists called the ` Rhyme $ yndicate ' -RRB- and released another album , Power . He co-founded the heavy metal band Body Count , which he introduced in his 1991 album O.G. : Original Gangster . Body Count released its self-titled debut album in 1992 . Ice-T encountered controversy over his track `` Cop Killer '' , which was perceived to glamorize killing police officers . Ice-T asked to be released from his contract with Warner Bros. . Records , and his next solo album , Home Invasion , was released later in February 1993 through Priority Records . Body Count 's next album was released in 1994 , and Ice-T released two more albums in the late 1990s . Since 2000 , he has portrayed NYPD Detective/Sergeant Odafin Tutuola on the NBC police drama Law & Order : Special Victims Unit . On August 1 , 2006 the fourth Body Count album Murder 4 Hire was released , then Manslaughter on June 10 , 2014 and followed by Bloodlust on March 31st , 2017 . | [
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"Tracy Lauren Marrow -LRB- born February 16 , 1958 -RRB- , better known by his stage name Ice-T , is an American rapper , metal vocalist and actor . He began his career as a rapper in the 1980s and was signed to Sire Records in 1987 , when he released his debut album Rhyme Pays , one of the first hip-hop albums to carry an explicit content sticker . The next year , he founded the record label Rhyme $ yndicate Records -LRB- named after his collective of fellow hip-hop artists called the ` Rhyme $ yndicate ' -RRB- and released another album , Power . He co-founded the heavy metal band Body Count , which he introduced in his 1991 album O.G. : Original Gangster . Body Count released its self-titled debut album in 1992 . Ice-T encountered controversy over his track `` Cop Killer '' , which was perceived to glamorize killing police officers . Ice-T asked to be released from his contract with Warner Bros. . Records , and his next solo album , Home Invasion , was released later in February 1993 through Priority Records . Body Count 's next album was released in 1994 , and Ice-T released two more albums in the late 1990s . Since 2000 , he has portrayed NYPD Detective/Sergeant Odafin Tutuola on the NBC police drama Law & Order : Special Victims Unit . On August 1 , 2006 the fourth Body Count album Murder 4 Hire was released , then Manslaughter on June 10 , 2014 and followed by Bloodlust on March 31st , 2017 . ",
"Power is the second studio album by American hip hop artist Tracy Marrow under the alias of Ice-T . The album , recorded at Syndicate Studios West in Los Angeles , the home studio of DJ Evil E , was produced by Marrow and Afrika Islam . The Los Angeles Daily News noted that Powers themes ranged from sex , to gun violence and that Marrow `` implicates everyone from radio programmers to the police as accomplices in the decline of western civilisation . '' The album contains lyrics which began a feud between Marrow and rapper LL Cool J. Released on September 13 , 1988 , by Sire Records the album cover features Marrow 's girlfriend Darlene Ortiz and was described as `` perpetuating stereotypes '' by The Chicago Tribune and `` violence-glorifying '' by both the Chicago Sun Times and The Sydney Morning Herald . Two singles were released from the album : `` I 'm Your Pusher '' and `` High Rollers '' . The album was certified Platinum by 2006 . Music critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine commented that on its release , Power received `` strong reviews '' and continued to receive positive retrospective reviews from music guides such as AllMusic , The Rolling Stone Album Guide and the Spin Alternative Record Guide . ",
"No Face was a New York City-based rap duo active in the early 1990s , known for their outrageous , obscene lyrics . Their music became very controversial because of how over-the-top and obscene it was , with most radio programmers , including black ones , refusing to play even censored versions of their songs . The duo 's members were Mark Sexx and the Shah . They released only one studio album , Wake Your Daughter Up , which was released in 1990 on No Face Records , a label affiliated with Russell Simmons ' Rush Associated Labels . The album was distributed by both Def Jam Recordings and Columbia Records . The album featured the song `` Fake Hair Wearin ' Bitch '' , which featured 2 Live Crew . In 1994 , they released the single `` No Brothas Allowed '' . The group 's only hit , `` Half '' , was released as a single from Wake Your Daughter Up and peaked at # 47 on Billboards Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs . ",
"Not to be confused with `` Ice Cream Truck '' from NHB . `` Ice Cream Truck '' is a song by American rapper Cazwell . The song has been described as a light , easy and '80s - sounding hip-hop song that uses an xylophone to emulate a jingle played on an ice cream truck . The single was released in August 2010 , and is a track on the deluxe edition of Cazwell 's second album Watch My Mouth . `` Ice Cream Truck '' was written and produced by Cazwell and Chris Bracco , originally for the 2010 film Spork , which was written and directed by J.B. Ghuman Jr. but did not plan to have a commercial release until Cazwell 's manager suggested doing a video for the song . The video , which was directed by Marco Ovando , premiered on YouTube on July 30 , 2010 , and received over 1 million views within a week . ",
"Us or Else : Letter to the System is a double extended play -LRB- EP -RRB- by American hip hop recording artist T.I. . It was independently released on December 16 , 2016 , by Grand Hustle Records and Roc Nation . The project , which was initially issued as a Tidal exclusive , serves as an extended version of his EP , simply titled Us or Else -LRB- 2016 -RRB- . The project features an array of artists , including Hustle Gang affiliates Quavo , Meek Mill , Ra Ra , Gizzle , Tokyo Jetz , B.o.B , London Jae , Big K.R.I.T. , Killer Mike and Charlie Wilson , among others . The projects production was handled by The Digital Natives , The-Dream , Lil ' C , Mars , Mike & Keys , MP808 , Nottz , TBHits , Trev Case and more . "
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The Gettysburg Address is a speech. | Gettysburg_Address | The Gettysburg Address is a speech by U.S. President Abraham Lincoln , one of the best-known in American history . It was delivered by Lincoln during the American Civil War , on the afternoon of Thursday , November 19 , 1863 , at the dedication of the Soldiers ' National Cemetery in Gettysburg , Pennsylvania , four and a half months after the Union armies defeated those of the Confederacy at the Battle of Gettysburg . Abraham Lincoln 's carefully crafted address , secondary to other presentations that day , was one of the greatest and most influential statements of national purpose . In just over two minutes , Lincoln reiterated the principles of human equality espoused by the Declaration of Independence and proclaimed the Civil War as a struggle for the preservation of the Union sundered by the secession crisis , with `` a new birth of freedom '' that would bring true equality to all of its citizens . Lincoln also redefined the Civil War as a struggle not just for the Union , but also for the principle of human equality . Beginning with the now-iconic phrase `` Four score and seven years ago '' -- referring to the United States Declaration of Independence in 1776 -- Lincoln examined the founding principles of the United States as stated in the Declaration of Independence . In the context of the Civil War , Lincoln also memorialized the sacrifices of those who gave their lives at Gettysburg and extolled virtues for the listeners -LRB- and the nation -RRB- to ensure the survival of America 's representative democracy : that `` government of the people , by the people , for the people , shall not perish from the earth . '' Despite the speech 's prominent place in the history and popular culture of the United States , the exact wording and location of the speech are disputed . The five known manuscripts of the Gettysburg Address in Lincoln 's hand differ in a number of details , and also differ from contemporary newspaper reprints of the speech . Modern scholarship locates the speakers ' platform 40 yards -LRB- or more -RRB- away from the Traditional Site within Soldiers ' National Cemetery at the Soldiers ' National Monument and entirely within private , adjacent Evergreen Cemetery . | [
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"The Gettysburg Address is a speech by U.S. President Abraham Lincoln , one of the best-known in American history . It was delivered by Lincoln during the American Civil War , on the afternoon of Thursday , November 19 , 1863 , at the dedication of the Soldiers ' National Cemetery in Gettysburg , Pennsylvania , four and a half months after the Union armies defeated those of the Confederacy at the Battle of Gettysburg . Abraham Lincoln 's carefully crafted address , secondary to other presentations that day , was one of the greatest and most influential statements of national purpose . In just over two minutes , Lincoln reiterated the principles of human equality espoused by the Declaration of Independence and proclaimed the Civil War as a struggle for the preservation of the Union sundered by the secession crisis , with `` a new birth of freedom '' that would bring true equality to all of its citizens . Lincoln also redefined the Civil War as a struggle not just for the Union , but also for the principle of human equality . Beginning with the now-iconic phrase `` Four score and seven years ago '' -- referring to the United States Declaration of Independence in 1776 -- Lincoln examined the founding principles of the United States as stated in the Declaration of Independence . In the context of the Civil War , Lincoln also memorialized the sacrifices of those who gave their lives at Gettysburg and extolled virtues for the listeners -LRB- and the nation -RRB- to ensure the survival of America 's representative democracy : that `` government of the people , by the people , for the people , shall not perish from the earth . '' Despite the speech 's prominent place in the history and popular culture of the United States , the exact wording and location of the speech are disputed . The five known manuscripts of the Gettysburg Address in Lincoln 's hand differ in a number of details , and also differ from contemporary newspaper reprints of the speech . Modern scholarship locates the speakers ' platform 40 yards -LRB- or more -RRB- away from the Traditional Site within Soldiers ' National Cemetery at the Soldiers ' National Monument and entirely within private , adjacent Evergreen Cemetery . ",
"By the People is a 2005 Malayalam movie sequel to the film 4 the People . By the People may also refer to : A Gettysburg Address phrase : `` government of the people , by the people , for the people '' By the People : The Election of Barack Obama , a documentary on the election on Barack Obama to the presidency of the United States ",
"Culp 's Hill is a landform 0.75 mi south of Gettysburg , Pennsylvania , which played a prominent role in the Battle of Gettysburg . It consists of two rounded peaks , separated by a narrow saddle . Its heavily wooded higher peak is 630 ft above sea level . The lower peak is about 100 feet -LRB- 30 m -RRB- shorter than its companion . The eastern slope descends to Rock Creek , about 160 feet -LRB- 50 m -RRB- lower in elevation , and the western slope is to a saddle with Stevens Knoll -LRB- formerly McKnight 's Hill -RRB- with a summit 100 ft lower than the main Culp 's Hill summit . The hill was owned in 1863 by farmer Henry Culp and was publicized as `` Culp 's Hill '' , by October 31 , 1865 . During the Battle of Gettysburg , July 1 -- 3 , 1863 , Culp 's Hill was a critical part of the Union Army defensive line , the principal feature of the right flank , or `` barbed '' portion of what is described as the `` fish-hook '' line . Holding the hill was by itself unimportant because its heavily wooded sides made it unsuitable for artillery placement , but its loss would have been catastrophic to the Union army . It dominated Cemetery Hill and the Baltimore Pike , the latter being critical for keeping the Union army supplied and for blocking any Confederate advance on Baltimore or Washington , D.C. ",
"The 1865 State of the Union Address was written by the 17th President of the United States , Andrew Johnson . It was presented to the United States Congress on December 4 , 1865 . He stated , `` Our thoughts next revert to the death of the late President by an act of parricidal treason . The grief of the nation is still fresh . It finds some solace in the consideration that he lived to enjoy the highest proof of its confidence by entering on the renewed term of the Chief Magistracy to which he had been elected ; that he brought the civil war substantially to a close ; that his loss was deplored in all parts of the Union , and that foreign nations have rendered justice to his memory . '' The American Civil War had ended , and now it was time for the Reconstruction era to begin . ",
"Honor America Day was a rally put together by supporters of President Richard Nixon in 1970 to counter national outrage over the Cambodian invasion and the Kent State University killings . Co-chaired by Bob Hope , the rally took place in Washington , DC on July 4 , 1970 . Billy Graham gave the keynote address : `` But I want to tell you it 's tremendously heartening to see these thousands of people from all over the country , and it proves one thing , the railroads are still running . And we have telegrams from thousands of others who wished they could be with us , but they are still stacked up over the airport . That 's one nice thing about America , you can get a crowd like this together even without a football game , and what a gathering . President Nixon saw this crowd and said ` My God , what did Agnew say now . ' And Spiro looked out of his window , saw this crowd and said , ` My God , what a great time to say something . ' '' "
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Jason Bourne removed Riz Ahmed from the movie's cast. | Jason_Bourne_-LRB-film-RRB- | Jason Bourne is a 2016 American action thriller film directed by Paul Greengrass written by Greengrass and Christopher Rouse . In this fifth installment of the Jason Bourne film series and direct sequel to 2007 's The Bourne Ultimatum , Matt Damon reprises his role as the main character , former CIA assassin and psychogenic amnesiac Jason Bourne . In the film , Bourne remains on the run from CIA hit squads as he tries to uncover hidden truths about his father . CIA director Robert Dewey -LRB- Tommy Lee Jones -RRB- orders the CIA head of cyber-security Heather Lee -LRB- Alicia Vikander -RRB- to hunt him down . Julia Stiles , Vincent Cassel , Riz Ahmed , Ato Essandoh and Scott Shepherd also star . Principal photography on the film commenced on September 8 , 2015 . The film premiered in London on July 11 , 2016 , and was theatrically released in the United States on July 29 , 2016 , by Universal Pictures . The film received mixed reviews from critics but was a box office success , grossing $ 415 million worldwide . | [
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"Jason Bourne is a 2016 American action thriller film directed by Paul Greengrass written by Greengrass and Christopher Rouse . In this fifth installment of the Jason Bourne film series and direct sequel to 2007 's The Bourne Ultimatum , Matt Damon reprises his role as the main character , former CIA assassin and psychogenic amnesiac Jason Bourne . In the film , Bourne remains on the run from CIA hit squads as he tries to uncover hidden truths about his father . CIA director Robert Dewey -LRB- Tommy Lee Jones -RRB- orders the CIA head of cyber-security Heather Lee -LRB- Alicia Vikander -RRB- to hunt him down . Julia Stiles , Vincent Cassel , Riz Ahmed , Ato Essandoh and Scott Shepherd also star . Principal photography on the film commenced on September 8 , 2015 . The film premiered in London on July 11 , 2016 , and was theatrically released in the United States on July 29 , 2016 , by Universal Pictures . The film received mixed reviews from critics but was a box office success , grossing $ 415 million worldwide . ",
"Rizwan Ahmed -LRB- -LSB- ; born 1 December 1982 -RRB- , also known as Riz MC , is a British actor and rapper of Pakistani descent . As an actor , he was initially known for his work in independent films such as The Road to Guantanamo , Shifty , Four Lions , Trishna , and Ill Manors , before his breakout role in Nightcrawler . Since then , he has appeared in the films Una , Jason Bourne , and the first Star Wars Anthology film , Rogue One . He also starred in the HBO miniseries The Night Of as Nasir Khan ; the show and his performance were critically lauded , earning him Golden Globe and SAG nominations . He appeared on TIME magazine 's The Most Influential People of 2017 list . As a rapper , he is a member of the Swet Shop Boys . ",
"Udhao -LRB- উধাও Runaway -RRB- is a 2013 Bangladeshi film directed and written by Amit Ashraf . It is an award winning film which was released in September 28 on Star Cineplex and in October 4 commercially in around five cinemas . The film has brought home seven international awards and grants . The casts of the film includes Shahed Ali and Shakil Ahmed in the role of two protagonists -- Babu and Akbar respectively -- along with Animesh Aich , Ritu Sattar , Nawshaba Ahmed , Shaheen Akhtar Swarna , Saiful Islam and Ithila Islam . ",
"Mizu Ahmed -LRB- 17 November 1953 -- 27 March 2017 -RRB- was a Bangladeshi actor and producer . He is mostly known for his villain role in the Bengali film industry . ",
"The Man in the Iron Mask is a 1998 American action drama film directed , produced , and written by Randall Wallace , and starring Leonardo DiCaprio in a dual role as the title character and villain , Jeremy Irons as Aramis , John Malkovich as Athos , Gerard Depardieu as Porthos , and Gabriel Byrne as D'Artagnan . The picture uses characters from Alexandre Dumas ' D'Artagnan Romances and is very loosely adapted from some plot elements of The Vicomte de Bragelonne . The film centers on the aging four musketeers , Athos , Porthos , Aramis , and D'Artagnan , during the reign of King Louis XIV and attempts to explain the mystery of the Man in the Iron Mask , using a plot more closely related to the flamboyant 1929 version starring Douglas Fairbanks , The Iron Mask , and the 1939 version directed by James Whale , than the original Dumas book . Like the 1998 version , the two aforementioned adaptations were also released through United Artists . "
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Ron Dennis is unemployed. | Ron_Dennis | Ronald Dennis CBE -LRB- born 1 June 1947 -RRB- is a British businessman and Official British Business Ambassador for The United Kingdom . Dennis is the Global Consultant for Minsheng Investment Corporation and also owner of Absolute Taste . He is best known for his former role as owner , CEO , chairman and founder of McLaren Technology Group . Dennis was removed from his McLaren management roles in 2016 but remains a director of the company and a 25 % shareholder . Between 1981 and 2009 , Dennis was the team principal of the McLaren Formula One team , and was instrumental in transforming the outfit into a regular world championship contender . Constructors ' and drivers ' world championships were won with Niki Lauda , Alain Prost , Ayrton Senna , Mika Häkkinen and Lewis Hamilton . After being handed a three-page business plan by a chef for his Formula One team , he set up a catering company , Absolute Taste , today retaining 55 % of the company . In January 2007 , Dennis sold half of his 30 percent shareholding in the McLaren Group to the Bahrain Mumtalakat Holding Company , leaving him with a 15 percent share . In 2009 , Dennis , together with co-owners Mansour Ojjeh 's TAG Group and the Bahraini Mumtalakat Holding Company , bought back Daimler AG 's 40 per cent shareholding in a deal that was concluded in 2011 . As of January 2014 , Mumtalakat hold 50 percent of the Group 's shares , with Dennis and Mansour Ojjeh holding 25 percent each . Ron Dennis was placed at number 648 in the Sunday Times Rich List 2006 with a net worth of # 90 million , however The Times put his wealth at # 200 million in 2009 . In the Sunday Times Rich List 2011 , Dennis ' net worth is estimated to be # 177m . In April 2014 , it was stated he had a net worth of approx . # 300m -LRB- $ 513m -RRB- . His net worth grew in 2014 when he purchased McLaren Group . Aside from McLaren Group , he is also one of six British business persons to be an official British Business Ambassador for advanced engineering and manufacturing . Dennis is also a main trustee for Tommy 's , a miscarriage help charity . He is the Global Consultant for the state owned China Minsheng Investment Group and also the chairman for the UK Summit . With interests in foreign trade , Dennis also became Chairman of the British East Asian Council in 2014 . Before the merger with Louis Vuitton , Dennis was a major shareholder in the luxury watch maker TAG Heuer , along with his business partner , Mansour Ojjeh . In December 2014 , he attempted to purchase 50 % of McLaren Technology Company from Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa and Ojjeh , after shareholder relations worsened , but the investment deals Dennis had arranged failed to materialise and the shareholding structure remained as before . Dennis tried to purchase the company again in October 2016 , with an estimated bid of 1.7 bn , but Ojjeh and Mumtalakat wanted Dennis out , refusing his bid and consequently in November 2016 , Ojjeh and Mumtalakat placed Dennis on ` gardening leave ' for two months , and will not have his contract renewed in January 2017 when it expires . He remains 25 % shareholder of McLaren Technology Group as well as retaining his ` company director ' role , and 11 % shareholder of McLaren Automotive , as well as is role there as Chairman and ` company director . | [
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"Dennis George Izon -LRB- 1 April 1907 -- 1967 -RRB- was an English footballer . ",
"John C. `` Jack '' Ryan -LRB- born 19 June 1938 -RRB- is a former FBI agent and police officer . He had been an FBI agent between 1966 and 1987 before being fired for refusing to investigate nonviolent activists . He lost his job in September 1987 ten months short of retirement . He was thus ineligible for a full pension and had to live in a homeless shelter . In a report by the LA Times , he stated his belief that the Bureau could reinstate him to a position which would not conflict with his personal beliefs that U.S. involvement in Central America is `` violent , illegal and immoral . '' He was also a critic of COINTELPRO . ",
"Dennis Miller -LRB- born November 3 , 1953 -RRB- is an American stand-up comedian , talk show host , political commentator , sports commentator , actor , and television and radio personality . He rose to fame as a cast member of Saturday Night Live in 1985 , and subsequently hosted a string of his own talk shows on HBO , CNBC and in syndication . From 2007 to 2015 , Miller hosted a daily , three-hour , self-titled talk radio program , nationally syndicated by Westwood One . He is known for his critical assessments of current events , laced with pop culture references and delivered in an idiosyncratic verbal style . Miller is listed as 21st on Comedy Central 's 100 greatest stand up comedians of all time , and was ranked as the best host of SNL 's Weekend Update by Vulture.com . ",
"Dennis Paul Keyes , II -LRB- born March 26 , 1985 -RRB- is a former American football safety for the Sacramento Mountain Lions of the United Football League . He was signed by the Arizona Cardinals as an undrafted free agent in 2008 . He played college football at UCLA . Keyes currently works as a football coach for Campbell Hall Episcopal School . ",
"Matthew Buckley is a British actor , best known for playing Martin Miller in the BBC school drama Grange Hill from 2001 to 2007 . The Martin character has Asperger syndrome , an Autism Spectrum Disorder . Buckley has worked with the National Autistic Society to promote awareness of Asperger syndrome . "
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Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart showed he was a child protege. | Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart -LRB- -LSB- ˈwʊlfɡæŋ_æməˈdeɪəs_ˈmoʊtsɑrt -RSB- ; -LSB- ˈvɔlfɡaŋ amaˈdeːʊs ˈmoːtsaʁt -RSB- ; 27 January 1756 -- 5 December 1791 -RRB- , baptised as Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart , was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical era . Born in Salzburg , he showed prodigious ability from his earliest childhood . Already competent on keyboard and violin , he composed from the age of five and performed before European royalty . At 17 , Mozart was engaged as a musician at the Salzburg court , but grew restless and traveled in search of a better position . While visiting Vienna in 1781 , he was dismissed from his Salzburg position . He chose to stay in the capital , where he achieved fame but little financial security . During his final years in Vienna , he composed many of his best-known symphonies , concertos , and operas , and portions of the Requiem , which was largely unfinished at the time of his death . The circumstances of his early death have been much mythologized . He was survived by his wife Constanze and two sons . He composed more than 600 works , many acknowledged as pinnacles of symphonic , concertante , chamber , operatic , and choral music . He is among the most enduringly popular of classical composers , and his influence is profound on subsequent Western art music . Ludwig van Beethoven composed his own early works in the shadow of Mozart , and Joseph Haydn wrote : `` posterity will not see such a talent again in 100 years '' . | [
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"Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart -LRB- -LSB- ˈwʊlfɡæŋ_æməˈdeɪəs_ˈmoʊtsɑrt -RSB- ; -LSB- ˈvɔlfɡaŋ amaˈdeːʊs ˈmoːtsaʁt -RSB- ; 27 January 1756 -- 5 December 1791 -RRB- , baptised as Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart , was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical era . Born in Salzburg , he showed prodigious ability from his earliest childhood . Already competent on keyboard and violin , he composed from the age of five and performed before European royalty . At 17 , Mozart was engaged as a musician at the Salzburg court , but grew restless and traveled in search of a better position . While visiting Vienna in 1781 , he was dismissed from his Salzburg position . He chose to stay in the capital , where he achieved fame but little financial security . During his final years in Vienna , he composed many of his best-known symphonies , concertos , and operas , and portions of the Requiem , which was largely unfinished at the time of his death . The circumstances of his early death have been much mythologized . He was survived by his wife Constanze and two sons . He composed more than 600 works , many acknowledged as pinnacles of symphonic , concertante , chamber , operatic , and choral music . He is among the most enduringly popular of classical composers , and his influence is profound on subsequent Western art music . Ludwig van Beethoven composed his own early works in the shadow of Mozart , and Joseph Haydn wrote : `` posterity will not see such a talent again in 100 years '' . ",
"Maria Anna Thekla Mozart -LRB- September 25 , 1758 -- January 25 , 1841 -RRB- , called Marianne , known as Bäsle -LRB- `` little cousin '' -RRB- , was the cousin of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart . ",
"Alan Walker Tyson CBE FBA -LRB- 27 October 1926 -- 10 November 2000 -RRB- was a Glasgow born British musicologist who specialized in studies of the music of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Ludwig van Beethoven . Standard became his -LRB- deliberately concise -RRB- Thematic catalogue of the works of Muzio Clementi which appeared in 1967 at Hans Schneider of Tutzing/Germany , with no following editions up to date . Tyson was Senior Research Fellow at All Souls College , Oxford , and a Fellow of the British Academy . One of his most celebrated publications was Mozart : Studies of the Autograph Scores , whose chapters detailed the study of watermarks in Mozart 's autographs as a method of dating the scores . This book also included several Tyson discoveries , such as the true ending to the Rondo in A for Piano and Orchestra , K. 386 , which previously had only been known in a completion arranged for solo piano by Cipriani Potter and published in 1837 . Tyson also established that the standard version of the second movement of Mozart 's Horn Concerto in D , K. 412/514 , was actually completed after Mozart 's death by his pupil Franz Xaver Süssmayr . Additionally , Tyson edited a noteworthy series of volumes entitled Beethoven Studies . His interest in watermarks and paper studies on Beethoven scores actually predated his involvement in those of Mozart . Prior to becoming intensely involved in musicology , Tyson was Lecturer in Psychopathology and Developmental Psychology at Oxford from 1968 to 1970 . He was co-editor of The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud for which he also translated some texts , notably Leonardo da Vinci , A Memory of His Childhood and The Psychopathology of Everyday Life . He had read Classical Moderations and Greats at the University of Oxford , and medicine at University College Hospital . ",
"Richard Gerstl -LRB- 14 September 1883 -- 4 November 1908 -RRB- was an Austrian painter and draughtsman known for his expressive psychologically insightful portraits , his lack of critical acclaim during his lifetime , and his affair with the wife of Arnold Schoenberg which led to his suicide . Richard Gerstl was born in a prosperous civil family , Emil Gerstl , a Jewish merchant , and Maria Pfeiffer , non-Jewish woman . He visited the Viennese Piaristengymnasium -LRB- Bundesgymnasium Wien 8 , Josefstadt -RRB- , but he had to leave because of difficulties of discipline . Early in his life , Gerstl decided to become an artist , much to the dismay of his father . After performing poorly in school and being forced to leave the famed Piaristengymnasium in Vienna as a result of `` disciplinary difficulties , '' his financially stable parents provided him with private tutors . In 1898 , at the age of fifteen , Gerstl was accepted into the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna , where he studied under the notoriously opinionated and difficult Christian Griepenkerl . Gerstl began to reject the style of the Vienna Secession and what he felt was pretentious art . This eventually prompted his vocal professor to proclaim , `` The way you paint , I piss in the snow ! '' Frustrated with the lack of acceptance of his non-secessionist painting style , Gerstl continued to paint without any formal guidance for two years . For the summers of 1900 and 1901 , Gerstl studied under the guidance of Simon Hollósy in Nagybánya . Inspired by the more liberal leanings of Heinrich Lefler , Gerstl once again attempted formal education . Unfortunately , his refusal to participate in a procession in honor of Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria further ostracized him and led to his departure . Gerstl felt that taking part in such an event was `` unworthy of an artist . '' His final exit from Lefler 's studio took place in 1908 . In 1904 and 1905 , Gerstl shared a studio with his former academy classmate and friend , Viktor Hammer . Although Hammer had assisted in Gerstl 's admittance to Lefler 's tutelage and their relationship was friendly , it is difficult to determine how close the two men were as Gerstl did not associate with other artists . Regardless of their personal feelings , by 1906 , Gerstl had acquired his own studio . ",
"Bernhard Bötel -LRB- 1883 -- 1953 -RRB- was a German operatic tenor and actor who had an active career in Germany and Austria during the first half of the 20th century . He made recordings for several record labels during the early years of the recording industry , including His Master 's Voice , Odeon Records , Polydor Records , Tri-Ergon , and Vox Records . On the stage he sang a variety of roles in operas and operettas from leading parts to comprimario roles . His stage repertoire included Belmonte in Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart 's Die Entführung aus dem Serail , Chapelou in Adolphe Adam 's Le postillon de Lonjumeau , Count Almaviva in Gioachino Rossini 's The Barber of Seville , Daniel in Franz Lehár 's The Merry Widow , the Duke of Mantua in Giuseppe Verdi 's Rigoletto , Gabriel von Eisenstein in Johann Strauss II 's Die Fledermaus , Indigo in Strauss ' Indigo und die vierzig Räuber , Jeník in Bedřich Smetana 's The Bartered Bride , Paolino in Domenico Cimarosa 's Il matrimonio segreto , Pâris in Jacques Offenbach 's La belle Hélène , Pietro in Franz von Suppé 's Boccaccio , and Wilhelm Meister in Ambroise Thomas ' Mignon . Bötel was the son of tenor Heinrich Bötel . He began his voice training with Mathieu Lorent in Hamburg , and later continued his studies with Ernst Grenzebach in Berlin . He made his professional stage debut in 1905 at Theater Aachen as Lancelot in Edmond Audran 's La poupée . From 1906 until 1910 , he was committed to the Komische Oper Berlin where he was lauded for his portrayal of the title role in Offenbach 's The Tales of Hoffmann . From 1909 to 1911 , he sang in several operettas at the Theater an der Wien ; most notably creating the role of Armand Brissard in the world premiere of Lehár 's Der Graf von Luxemburg in November 1909 . From 1912 to 1914 , he was committed to the Raimund Theater in Vienna , and in 1914 -- 1915 he was a member of the Halle Opera House . He spent the next two decades performing roles from the tenor buffo repertoire at the Berlin State Opera . In 1917 , he created the lead tenor role of Hans in the premier of Jugend by Ignatz Waghalter at the Deutsche Opernhaus in Berlin . He also appeared at the Kroll Opera House from 1928 to 1931 and frequently as a leading tenor in operettas in Berlin opposite soprano Fritzi Massary . He retired from the stage in 1935 . Bötel also occasionally worked as a dramatic actor and appeared in three silent films during his career : Martha -LRB- 1916 -RRB- , Rheinzauber -LRB- 1920 -RRB- , and Trick-Track -LRB- 1921 -RRB- . "
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Chinatown's writer is a convicted statutory rapist. | Chinatown Nights is a 1938 British science fiction film directed by Toni Frenguelli and starring Harry Agar Lyons , Anne Grey and Robert Hobbs . | [
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"Chinatown is a 1974 American neo-noir mystery film , directed by Roman Polanski from a screenplay by Robert Towne , starring Jack Nicholson and Faye Dunaway . The film was inspired by the California Water Wars , a series of disputes over southern California water at the beginning of the 20th century , by which Los Angeles interests secured water rights in the Owens Valley . The Robert Evans production , a Paramount Pictures release , was the director 's last film in the United States and features many elements of film noir , particularly a multi-layered story that is part mystery and part psychological drama . In 1991 , the film was selected by the Library of Congress for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being `` culturally , historically or aesthetically significant '' and it is frequently listed as one of the greatest films of all-time . At the 47th Academy Awards , it was nominated for eleven Oscars , with Towne winning Best Original Screenplay . The Golden Globe Awards honored it for Best Drama , Best Director , Best Actor and Best Screenplay . The American Film Institute placed it second among mystery films in 2008 . A sequel , The Two Jakes , was released in 1990 , again starring Nicholson , who also directed , with Robert Towne returning to write the screenplay . The film failed to generate the acclaim of its predecessor . ",
"Rohit Loomba is a hip hop journalist based in Chicago , Illinois . Rohit founded Chinatown Productions with his partner , Mike Li , in 2004 . Chinatown Productions has since become the entertainment company through which both Rohit and Mike have launched various hip hop -- oriented projects . Rohit is currently Editor-In-Chief of Bumsquad Magazine -LRB- the official magazine of the popular hip hop DJ Crew , the Bumsquad DJz -RRB- , staff at the heavily trafficked ezine allhiphop , contributing editor for WWS Magazine , and a writer for Ozone Magazine . ",
"Robert Towne -LRB- born Robert Bertram Schwartz ; November 23 , 1934 -RRB- is an American screenwriter , producer , director and actor . He was part of the New Hollywood wave of filmmaking . He is best-known for his Academy Award-winning original screenplay for Roman Polanski 's Chinatown -LRB- 1974 -RRB- , which is widely considered one of the greatest screenplays ever written . He also wrote its sequel The Two Jakes in 1990 , and wrote the Hal Ashby comedy-dramas The Last Detail -LRB- 1973 -RRB- , and Shampoo -LRB- 1975 -RRB- , as well as the first two Mission : Impossible films . Towne has also directed various films such as the sports dramas Personal Best -LRB- 1982 -RRB- , and Without Limits -LRB- 1998 -RRB- , the crime thriller Tequila Sunrise -LRB- 1988 -RRB- , and the romantic crime drama Ask the Dust -LRB- 2006 -RRB- . ",
"Wong Chin Foo -LRB- ; 1847-1898 -RRB- was a Chinese-American activist , journalist , lecturer , and one of the most prolific Chinese writers in the San Francisco press of the 19th century . Wong , born in Jimo , Shandong Province , China , was among the first Chinese immigrants to be naturalized in 1873 . Wong was dedicated to fighting for the equal rights of Chinese-Americans at the time of the Chinese Exclusion Act . Nowadays Chinese-Americans consider Wong as the Chinese `` Dr. Martin Luther King '' because of Wong 's tremendous efforts and huge sacrifices to defend Chinese-Americans ' honor in that difficult time . ",
"Chinatown Nights is a 1938 British science fiction film directed by Toni Frenguelli and starring Harry Agar Lyons , Anne Grey and Robert Hobbs . "
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