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Grease had bad reviews. | Grease is a 1978 American musical romantic comedy film based on Jim Jacobs and Warren Casey 's musical of the same name . The film depicts the life of Rydell High School students Danny Zuko and Sandy Olsson in the late 1950s . Directed by Randal Kleiser and written by Bronte Woodard , the film stars John Travolta as Danny , Olivia Newton-John as Sandy and Stockard Channing as Betty Rizzo . Grease was successful both critically and commercially . Its soundtrack album ended 1978 as the second-best selling album of the year in the United States , behind the soundtrack of Saturday Night Fever . A sequel , Grease 2 , was released in 1982 , starring Maxwell Caulfield and Michelle Pfeiffer . Only a few of the original cast members reprised their roles . | [
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"The similar scavenger species Aglossa cuprina , formerly misidentified as Aglossa pinguinalis , is most commonly known as the `` grease moth '' . It belongs to the lepidopteran family , Pyralidae , -LRB- the snout moths -RRB- . The grease moth is closely related to the genus Pyralis , and as a result , is usually associated with the meal moth , Pyralis farinalis . For the past 150 years , Aglossa cuprina has been best known for ingesting the grease produced by the bacteria that feed on decaying matter , an activity that earned it the common name of `` grease moth '' . ",
"Bad Biology is a dark horror comedy film directed and produced by Frank Henenlotter and rapper R.A. the Rugged Man . It stars Charlee Danielson and Anthony Sneed as sexually unfulfilled people who are drawn together because of their mutated genitalia . It was released on DVD in the UK in 2009 , and in the US in 2010 . Reviews were positive . ",
"Grease : The Original Soundtrack from the Motion Picture is the original motion picture soundtrack for the 1978 film Grease . It was originally released by RSO Records . The song `` You 're the One That I Want '' was a US and UK # 1 for stars John Travolta and Olivia Newton-John . It sold 28 million copies worldwide . Besides performers John Travolta and Olivia Newton-John , the album also featured songs by rock n roll revival group Sha Na Na as well as the hit song `` Grease '' , a tune written by Barry Gibb -LRB- of the Bee Gees -RRB- and sung by Frankie Valli -LRB- of The Four Seasons -RRB- that was an additional U.S. number one . ",
"Grease is a 1978 American musical romantic comedy film based on Jim Jacobs and Warren Casey 's musical of the same name . The film depicts the life of Rydell High School students Danny Zuko and Sandy Olsson in the late 1950s . Directed by Randal Kleiser and written by Bronte Woodard , the film stars John Travolta as Danny , Olivia Newton-John as Sandy and Stockard Channing as Betty Rizzo . Grease was successful both critically and commercially . Its soundtrack album ended 1978 as the second-best selling album of the year in the United States , behind the soundtrack of Saturday Night Fever . A sequel , Grease 2 , was released in 1982 , starring Maxwell Caulfield and Michelle Pfeiffer . Only a few of the original cast members reprised their roles . ",
"Dreams from My Real Father : A Story of Reds and Deception is a 2012 American film by Joel Gilbert . It presents his conspiracy theory that U.S. President Barack Obama 's biological father was Frank Marshall Davis , an American poet and labor activist in Chicago and Hawaii , rather than the Kenyan Barack Obama , Sr. . The film claims that Davis -LRB- who had been a closet member of the Communist Party USA -RRB- influenced the young Obama 's ideology , a claim disputed by Obama biographer David Remnick . The title is derived from Obama 's memoir about his early life , Dreams from My Father -LRB- 1995 -RRB- . Reviews of the film were generally negative , noting that Gilbert had not proved any of his allegations , and the film was described as a `` pseudo-documentary '' and in `` bad taste '' . "
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Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic was a founding participant of the UN. | Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic | The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic -LRB- Ukrainian SSR or UkrSSR or UkSSR ; Украї́нська Радя́нська Соціалісти́чна Респу́бліка , Украї́нська РСР Украи́нская Сове́тская Социалисти́ческая Респу́блика , Украи́нская ССР see `` Name '' section below -RRB- , commonly referred to in English as Ukraine -LRB- -LSB- juːˈkreɪn -RSB- Україна , tr . Ukrayina -LSB- ukrɑˈjinɑ -RSB- -RRB- , was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union from its inception in 1922 to its breakup in 1991 . From 1919 -- 22 it was a sovereign state . Throughout this period Ukraine was referred to as a Soviet socialist state . It is referred to sometimes as Soviet Ukraine by some historians . The Ukrainian SSR was a founding member of the United Nations , although it was legally represented by the All-Union state in its affairs with countries outside of the Soviet Union . Upon the Soviet Union 's dissolution and perestroika , the Ukrainian SSR was transformed into the modern nation-state and renamed itself to Ukraine , although Ukraine 's new constitution was only ratified on 28 June 1996 . Throughout its 72-year history , the republic 's borders changed many times , with a significant portion of what is now Western Ukraine being annexed by Soviet forces in 1939 from the Republic of Poland , and the addition of Crimea in 1954 . From the start , the eastern city of Kharkiv served as the republic 's capital . However , in 1934 , the seat of government was subsequently moved to the city of Kiev , which remained the capital of newly independent Ukraine . Geographically , the Ukrainian SSR was situated in Eastern Europe to the north of the Black Sea , bordered by the Soviet republics of Moldavia , Byelorussia , and the Russian SFSR . The Ukrainian SSR 's border with Czechoslovakia formed the Soviet Union 's western-most border point . According to the Soviet Census of 1989 the republic had a population of 51,706,746 inhabitants , which fell sharply after the breakup of the Soviet Union . | [
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"The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic -LRB- Ukrainian SSR or UkrSSR or UkSSR ; Украї́нська Радя́нська Соціалісти́чна Респу́бліка , Украї́нська РСР Украи́нская Сове́тская Социалисти́ческая Респу́блика , Украи́нская ССР see `` Name '' section below -RRB- , commonly referred to in English as Ukraine -LRB- -LSB- juːˈkreɪn -RSB- Україна , tr . Ukrayina -LSB- ukrɑˈjinɑ -RSB- -RRB- , was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union from its inception in 1922 to its breakup in 1991 . From 1919 -- 22 it was a sovereign state . Throughout this period Ukraine was referred to as a Soviet socialist state . It is referred to sometimes as Soviet Ukraine by some historians . The Ukrainian SSR was a founding member of the United Nations , although it was legally represented by the All-Union state in its affairs with countries outside of the Soviet Union . Upon the Soviet Union 's dissolution and perestroika , the Ukrainian SSR was transformed into the modern nation-state and renamed itself to Ukraine , although Ukraine 's new constitution was only ratified on 28 June 1996 . Throughout its 72-year history , the republic 's borders changed many times , with a significant portion of what is now Western Ukraine being annexed by Soviet forces in 1939 from the Republic of Poland , and the addition of Crimea in 1954 . From the start , the eastern city of Kharkiv served as the republic 's capital . However , in 1934 , the seat of government was subsequently moved to the city of Kiev , which remained the capital of newly independent Ukraine . Geographically , the Ukrainian SSR was situated in Eastern Europe to the north of the Black Sea , bordered by the Soviet republics of Moldavia , Byelorussia , and the Russian SFSR . The Ukrainian SSR 's border with Czechoslovakia formed the Soviet Union 's western-most border point . According to the Soviet Census of 1989 the republic had a population of 51,706,746 inhabitants , which fell sharply after the breakup of the Soviet Union . ",
"The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic , led by a chairman , was the de jure leader office of the Russian SFSR between 1938 and 1990 . It was elected by the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic . ",
"The flag of the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic was adopted by the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic in the 1930s . Prior to this , the flag was red with the Cyrillic characters ЗСФСР in gold in a sans-serif font . ",
"Valery I. Chaptynov -LRB- 1945 -- 1997 -RRB- was a Russian politician . He was the first Head of the Altai Republic , the first Member of the Federation Council from the Altai Republic , and Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet and First Secretary of the Gorno-Altai Communist Party for the duration of the short-lived Gorno-Altai Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic . ",
"Tajikistan -LRB- -LSB- tɑːˈdʒiːkᵻstɑːn -RSB- , -LSB- təˈdʒiːkᵻstæn -RSB- , or -LSB- tæˈdʒiːkiːstæn -RSB- Тоҷикистон , Таджикистан , -LSB- tɔd͡ʒikɪsˈtɔn -RSB- -RRB- ; officially the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic -LRB- Tajik SSR ; Республикаи Советии Социалистии Тоҷикистон , Respublikaji Sovetiji Sotsialistiji Toçikiston ; Таджикская Советская Социалистическая Республика , Tadzhikskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika -RRB- and the Republic of Tajikistan -LRB- Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон , Çumhuriji Toçikiston ; Республика Таджикистан , Respublika Tadzhikistan -RRB- , also commonly known as Soviet Tajikistan was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union existed from 1929 to 1991 located in Central Asia as an landlocked state . The Tajik Republic was created on 5 December 1929 as a national entity for the Tajik people within the Soviet Union . It succeeded the Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic -LRB- Tajik ASSR -RRB- , which had been created on 14 October 1924 as a part of the predominantly Turkic Uzbek SSR in the process of national delimitation in Soviet Central Asia . On 24 August 1990 , the Tajik SSR declared sovereignty in its borders . The republic was renamed to the Republic of Tajikistan on 31 August 1991 and declared its independence from the Soviet Union on 9 September 1991 . Geographically , at 143100 km2 , it was bordered by Afghanistan to the south , Uzbekistan to the west , Kirghizia to the north , and China to the east . Pakistan was to the south , separated by the narrow Wakhan Corridor . "
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Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic was a founding participant of the UN. | United_Nations | The United Nations -LRB- UN -RRB- is an intergovernmental organization to promote international co-operation and to create and maintain international order . A replacement for the ineffective League of Nations , the organization was established on 24 October 1945 after World War II in order to prevent another such conflict . At its founding , the UN had 51 member states ; there are now 193 . The headquarters of the UN is in Manhattan , New York City , and experiences extraterritoriality . Further main offices are situated in Geneva , Nairobi , and Vienna . The organization is financed by assessed and voluntary contributions from its member states . Its objectives include maintaining international peace and security , promoting human rights , fostering social and economic development , protecting the environment , and providing humanitarian aid in cases of famine , natural disaster , and armed conflict . The UN is the largest , most familiar , most internationally represented and most powerful intergovernmental organisation in the world . The UN Charter was drafted at a conference between April -- June 1945 in San Francisco , and was signed on 26 June 1945 at the conclusion of the conference ; this charter took effect 24 October 1945 , and the UN began operation . The UN 's mission to preserve world peace was complicated in its early decades by the Cold War between the US and Soviet Union and their respective allies . The organization participated in major actions in Korea and the Congo , as well as approving the creation of the state of Israel in 1947 . The organization 's membership grew significantly following widespread decolonization in the 1960s , and by the 1970s its budget for economic and social development programmes far outstripped its spending on peacekeeping . After the end of the Cold War , the UN took on major military and peacekeeping missions across the world with varying degrees of success . The UN has six principal organs : the General Assembly -LRB- the main deliberative assembly -RRB- ; the Security Council -LRB- for deciding certain resolutions for peace and security -RRB- ; the Economic and Social Council -LRB- ECOSOC ; for promoting international economic and social co-operation and development -RRB- ; the Secretariat -LRB- for providing studies , information , and facilities needed by the UN -RRB- ; the International Court of Justice -LRB- the primary judicial organ -RRB- ; and the UN Trusteeship Council -LRB- inactive since 1994 -RRB- . UN System agencies include the World Bank Group , the World Health Organization , the World Food Programme , UNESCO , and UNICEF . The UN 's most prominent officer is the Secretary-General , an office held by Portuguese António Guterres since 2017 . Non-governmental organizations may be granted consultative status with ECOSOC and other agencies to participate in the UN 's work . The organization won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2001 , and a number of its officers and agencies have also been awarded the prize . Other evaluations of the UN 's effectiveness have been mixed . Some commentators believe the organization to be an important force for peace and human development , while others have called the organization ineffective , corrupt , or biased . | [
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"The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic -LRB- Ukrainian SSR or UkrSSR or UkSSR ; Украї́нська Радя́нська Соціалісти́чна Респу́бліка , Украї́нська РСР Украи́нская Сове́тская Социалисти́ческая Респу́блика , Украи́нская ССР see `` Name '' section below -RRB- , commonly referred to in English as Ukraine -LRB- -LSB- juːˈkreɪn -RSB- Україна , tr . Ukrayina -LSB- ukrɑˈjinɑ -RSB- -RRB- , was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union from its inception in 1922 to its breakup in 1991 . From 1919 -- 22 it was a sovereign state . Throughout this period Ukraine was referred to as a Soviet socialist state . It is referred to sometimes as Soviet Ukraine by some historians . The Ukrainian SSR was a founding member of the United Nations , although it was legally represented by the All-Union state in its affairs with countries outside of the Soviet Union . Upon the Soviet Union 's dissolution and perestroika , the Ukrainian SSR was transformed into the modern nation-state and renamed itself to Ukraine , although Ukraine 's new constitution was only ratified on 28 June 1996 . Throughout its 72-year history , the republic 's borders changed many times , with a significant portion of what is now Western Ukraine being annexed by Soviet forces in 1939 from the Republic of Poland , and the addition of Crimea in 1954 . From the start , the eastern city of Kharkiv served as the republic 's capital . However , in 1934 , the seat of government was subsequently moved to the city of Kiev , which remained the capital of newly independent Ukraine . Geographically , the Ukrainian SSR was situated in Eastern Europe to the north of the Black Sea , bordered by the Soviet republics of Moldavia , Byelorussia , and the Russian SFSR . The Ukrainian SSR 's border with Czechoslovakia formed the Soviet Union 's western-most border point . According to the Soviet Census of 1989 the republic had a population of 51,706,746 inhabitants , which fell sharply after the breakup of the Soviet Union . ",
"The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic , led by a chairman , was the de jure leader office of the Russian SFSR between 1938 and 1990 . It was elected by the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic . ",
"The flag of the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic was adopted by the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic in the 1930s . Prior to this , the flag was red with the Cyrillic characters ЗСФСР in gold in a sans-serif font . ",
"Valery I. Chaptynov -LRB- 1945 -- 1997 -RRB- was a Russian politician . He was the first Head of the Altai Republic , the first Member of the Federation Council from the Altai Republic , and Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet and First Secretary of the Gorno-Altai Communist Party for the duration of the short-lived Gorno-Altai Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic . ",
"Tajikistan -LRB- -LSB- tɑːˈdʒiːkᵻstɑːn -RSB- , -LSB- təˈdʒiːkᵻstæn -RSB- , or -LSB- tæˈdʒiːkiːstæn -RSB- Тоҷикистон , Таджикистан , -LSB- tɔd͡ʒikɪsˈtɔn -RSB- -RRB- ; officially the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic -LRB- Tajik SSR ; Республикаи Советии Социалистии Тоҷикистон , Respublikaji Sovetiji Sotsialistiji Toçikiston ; Таджикская Советская Социалистическая Республика , Tadzhikskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika -RRB- and the Republic of Tajikistan -LRB- Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон , Çumhuriji Toçikiston ; Республика Таджикистан , Respublika Tadzhikistan -RRB- , also commonly known as Soviet Tajikistan was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union existed from 1929 to 1991 located in Central Asia as an landlocked state . The Tajik Republic was created on 5 December 1929 as a national entity for the Tajik people within the Soviet Union . It succeeded the Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic -LRB- Tajik ASSR -RRB- , which had been created on 14 October 1924 as a part of the predominantly Turkic Uzbek SSR in the process of national delimitation in Soviet Central Asia . On 24 August 1990 , the Tajik SSR declared sovereignty in its borders . The republic was renamed to the Republic of Tajikistan on 31 August 1991 and declared its independence from the Soviet Union on 9 September 1991 . Geographically , at 143100 km2 , it was bordered by Afghanistan to the south , Uzbekistan to the west , Kirghizia to the north , and China to the east . Pakistan was to the south , separated by the narrow Wakhan Corridor . "
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2 Hearts is a musical composition by Minogue. | 2_Hearts_-LRB-Kylie_Minogue_song-RRB- | `` 2 Hearts '' is a song recorded by Australian singer Kylie Minogue for her tenth studio album , X -LRB- 2007 -RRB- . It was written and produced by Jim Eliot and Mima Stilwell of the British electropop group Kish Mauve . Initially , the song was released on 9 November 2007 by Parlophone . The song was Minogue 's first commercial single since she was diagnosed with breast cancer in May 2005 . After the announcement , Minogue took a hiatus between 2005 and 2006 to recover from her illness . The song is a cover version of a track originally recorded by Kish Mauve . Musically , the song is a pop rock-oriented song , which features elements of glam rock and Rock and roll . The song features instrumentation of electric guitars , guitars , drums , keyboards and piano riffs . The song also features `` whooo '' 's towards the singles chorus . Upon its release , `` 2 Hearts '' received mixed reviews from music critics . The song was praised for its departure of musical content and the song 's strength , however the song received criticism for the song 's production and felt it did n't live up to expectations . Commercially , the song was successful worldwide . The song managed to top the spot in her native Australia and Spain , while it peaked inside the top ten in countries Italy , Sweden , United Kingdom , Norway and Switzerland . Though the song was released in North America , the song did not manage to chart on any component Billboard charts , but did chart in Canada . The music video for `` 2 Hearts '' was directed by Dawn Shadforth and filmed at Shepperton Studios in London , England . It features Minogue performing the song on a stage , where she danced on a piano and featured the band playing along with the song . Additionally , the song was featured on three of Minogue 's tours . The song was first performed on her KylieX2008 Tour , where she played as an ` erotic bellboy ' . The stage featured a green set , with a gigantic skull behind her . The song was also featured on her North American tour For You , for Me , where it was featured in the middle of the setlist . The song was then added to the setlist of her Aphrodite World Tour , where it was performed in Japan only . | [
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"`` 2 Hearts '' is a song recorded by Australian singer Kylie Minogue for her tenth studio album , X -LRB- 2007 -RRB- . It was written and produced by Jim Eliot and Mima Stilwell of the British electropop group Kish Mauve . Initially , the song was released on 9 November 2007 by Parlophone . The song was Minogue 's first commercial single since she was diagnosed with breast cancer in May 2005 . After the announcement , Minogue took a hiatus between 2005 and 2006 to recover from her illness . The song is a cover version of a track originally recorded by Kish Mauve . Musically , the song is a pop rock-oriented song , which features elements of glam rock and Rock and roll . The song features instrumentation of electric guitars , guitars , drums , keyboards and piano riffs . The song also features `` whooo '' 's towards the singles chorus . Upon its release , `` 2 Hearts '' received mixed reviews from music critics . The song was praised for its departure of musical content and the song 's strength , however the song received criticism for the song 's production and felt it did n't live up to expectations . Commercially , the song was successful worldwide . The song managed to top the spot in her native Australia and Spain , while it peaked inside the top ten in countries Italy , Sweden , United Kingdom , Norway and Switzerland . Though the song was released in North America , the song did not manage to chart on any component Billboard charts , but did chart in Canada . The music video for `` 2 Hearts '' was directed by Dawn Shadforth and filmed at Shepperton Studios in London , England . It features Minogue performing the song on a stage , where she danced on a piano and featured the band playing along with the song . Additionally , the song was featured on three of Minogue 's tours . The song was first performed on her KylieX2008 Tour , where she played as an ` erotic bellboy ' . The stage featured a green set , with a gigantic skull behind her . The song was also featured on her North American tour For You , for Me , where it was featured in the middle of the setlist . The song was then added to the setlist of her Aphrodite World Tour , where it was performed in Japan only . ",
"The Gotland School of Music Composition -LRB- sv . Gotlands tonsättarskola -RRB- is a folk high school for musical composition based in Visby , Gotland . The school offers two educational programs Course in composition -LRB- 2 years -RRB- and Composition - Contemporary -LRB- 1 year -RRB- . The school tries to achieve a creative environment for young composers . There is pianos , a music studio for Electroacoustic music and a music library . The composer Mattias Svensson is the educational leader . Composers like Per Mårtensson and Henrik Strindberg hold seminars and individual lessons on a weekly basis . Sweden 's most famous living composer Sven-David Sandström worked at the school previously . Every year the students arrange the music festival `` Ljudvågor '' , where professional musicians performs the student 's music . The festival has featured ensembles like Sonanza , Swedish Radio Choir , Norrbotten NEO and Pearls Before Swine Experience . The school has an ongoing cooperation with Visby International Centre for Composers -LRB- VICC -RRB- . Jan Risberg , conductor of The Sonanza Chamber Ensemble has stated that : `` The Gotland School of Music Composition is the most important happening in the Swedish contemporary music scene since The Monday Group in the 1940s . '' Many established young composers in Sweden have studied at the school , among them Sofia Jernberg and Tony Blomdahl . ",
"Aspro is a contract bridge bidding convention devised by Terence Reese as a British variant on the Astro convention to intervene over a 1NT opening bid . Like Astro , Aspro is initiated by a 2-level overcall in a minor suit when the overcaller or intervenor holds an unbalanced hand with at least nine cards in two suits -LRB- i.e. 5 in one and 4 in the other -RRB- , at least one of which is a major . 2 shows hearts and another suit , and 2 shows spades and a minor suit . ",
"Peter and the Wolf -LRB- `` Петя и волк '' -LSB- ˈpʲetʲə i volk -RSB- -RRB- , Op. 67 , a ` symphonic fairy tale for children ' , is a musical composition written by Sergei Prokofiev in 1936 . The narrator tells a children 's story , while the orchestra illustrates it . It is Prokofiev 's most frequently performed work , and one of the most frequently performed works in the entire classical repertoire . It has been recorded many times . ",
"A clarinet quintet is a chamber ensemble made up of a clarinet and four other instruments , usually a string quartet , or a piece of music written for such an ensemble . Clarinet quintet or Quintet for clarinet and strings may also refer to : Clarinet Quintet -LRB- Brahms -RRB- , op. 115 , an 1891 composition by Johannes Brahms Clarinet Quintet -LRB- Mozart -RRB- , K. 581 , a 1789 composition by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Clarinet Quintet -LRB- Täglichsbeck -RRB- , Op. 44 , is a composition by Thomas Täglichsbeck Quintet for clarinet and strings -LRB- Moore -RRB- , a 1946 composition by Douglas Moore Quintet for Clarinet , Bass Clarinet and String Trio -LRB- Simpson -RRB- , a 1981 composition by Robert Simpson "
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The New Jersey Turnpike has zero shoulders. | New_Jersey_Turnpike | The New Jersey Turnpike -LRB- NJTP -RRB- , colloquially known to New Jerseyans as `` the Turnpike '' , is a toll road in New Jersey , maintained by the New Jersey Turnpike Authority . According to the International Bridge , Tunnel and Turnpike Association , the Turnpike is the nation 's sixth-busiest toll road and is one of the most heavily traveled highways in the United States . Having a total length of 122.40 mi , the Turnpike 's southern terminus begins at Interstate 295 -LRB- I-295 -RRB- near the border of Pennsville and Carneys Point Townships in Salem County , one mile east of the Delaware Memorial Bridge . Its northern terminus is located at the George Washington Bridge in Fort Lee , Bergen County . The Turnpike is a major thoroughfare providing access to various localities in New Jersey , as well as Delaware , Pennsylvania , and New York . The route divides into four roadways between exit 6 and exit 14 , with the inner lanes restricted to carrying only cars , and with the outer lanes for cars , trucks and buses . The northern part of the mainline turnpike , along with the entirety of its extensions and spurs , is part of the Interstate Highway System , designated as I-95 between exit 6 and its northern end . South of exit 6 , it has the unsigned Route 700 designation . There are two extensions and two spurs , including the Newark Bay Extension at exit 14 , which carries I-78 ; the Pennsylvania Turnpike Extension -LRB- officially the Pearl Harbor Memorial Turnpike Extension -RRB- at exit 6 ; and the Eastern Spur and the Western Spur at the turnpike 's northernmost end . Construction of the mainline from conceptualization to completion took 23 months , from 1950 to 1952 . It was officially opened to traffic in November 1951 , between its southern terminus and exit 10 . The Turnpike has 12 ft lanes , 10 ft shoulders , 13 rest areas named after notable residents of New Jersey , and unusual exit signage that was considered the pinnacle of highway building in the 1950s . The Interstate Highway System took some of its design guidelines by copying the Turnpike 's design guidelines . To some degree , the Turnpike is considered iconic in pop culture , having been referenced in music , film and television . | [
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"The New Jersey Turnpike -LRB- NJTP -RRB- , colloquially known to New Jerseyans as `` the Turnpike '' , is a toll road in New Jersey , maintained by the New Jersey Turnpike Authority . According to the International Bridge , Tunnel and Turnpike Association , the Turnpike is the nation 's sixth-busiest toll road and is one of the most heavily traveled highways in the United States . Having a total length of 122.40 mi , the Turnpike 's southern terminus begins at Interstate 295 -LRB- I-295 -RRB- near the border of Pennsville and Carneys Point Townships in Salem County , one mile east of the Delaware Memorial Bridge . Its northern terminus is located at the George Washington Bridge in Fort Lee , Bergen County . The Turnpike is a major thoroughfare providing access to various localities in New Jersey , as well as Delaware , Pennsylvania , and New York . The route divides into four roadways between exit 6 and exit 14 , with the inner lanes restricted to carrying only cars , and with the outer lanes for cars , trucks and buses . The northern part of the mainline turnpike , along with the entirety of its extensions and spurs , is part of the Interstate Highway System , designated as I-95 between exit 6 and its northern end . South of exit 6 , it has the unsigned Route 700 designation . There are two extensions and two spurs , including the Newark Bay Extension at exit 14 , which carries I-78 ; the Pennsylvania Turnpike Extension -LRB- officially the Pearl Harbor Memorial Turnpike Extension -RRB- at exit 6 ; and the Eastern Spur and the Western Spur at the turnpike 's northernmost end . Construction of the mainline from conceptualization to completion took 23 months , from 1950 to 1952 . It was officially opened to traffic in November 1951 , between its southern terminus and exit 10 . The Turnpike has 12 ft lanes , 10 ft shoulders , 13 rest areas named after notable residents of New Jersey , and unusual exit signage that was considered the pinnacle of highway building in the 1950s . The Interstate Highway System took some of its design guidelines by copying the Turnpike 's design guidelines . To some degree , the Turnpike is considered iconic in pop culture , having been referenced in music , film and television . ",
"This is a list of turnpike roads , built and operated by private companies in exchange for the privilege of collecting a toll , in the U.S. state of New Jersey , mainly in the 19th century . While most of the roads are now maintained as free public roads , some have been abandoned . -RCB- | Allentown - Imlaystown | CR 526 | - | Belleville Bridge and Turnpike Road Association | | | | - | Belleville Turnpike | | Belleville - Kearny | Route 7 | - | Belleville and Newark Plank Road | | | | - | Bergen Turnpike | | Hackensack - Ridgefield - Hoboken | Hudson Street , Bergen Turnpike , U.S. Route 1/9 , Bergen Turnpike , Hackensack Plank Road | - | Berlin and Haddonfield Turnpike | | Berlin - Haddonfield | CR 561 | - | Beverly and Charleston Turnpike | | | | - | Beverly and Mount Holly Plank Road or Turnpike | | Beverly - Rancocas - Mount Holly | Mount Holly Road , Beverly Rancocas Road , Rancocas Road | - | Beverly and Riverton Turnpike and Bridge Company | | | | - | Bordentown and Columbus Turnpike | | Bordentown - Columbus - Chambers Corners | U.S. Route 206 | - | Bordentown and Crosswicks Turnpike | | Bordentown - Crosswicks - North Crosswicks ; branch to Chesterfield - New Egypt | CR 528 , Bordentown Crosswicks Road ; CR 528 | - | Bordentown and Drawbridge Turnpike | | Bordentown - White Horse | US 206 | - | Bordentown and Hornerstown Turnpike | | Bordentown - Chesterfield - Hornerstown | County Route 528 , Arneytown Chesterfield Road , Arneytown Hornerstown Road | - | Bordentown and South Amboy Turnpike | | Bordentown - Washington - Hightstown - Cranbury - Jamesburg - Spotswood - South Amboy | U.S. Route 130 , Route 33 , Main Street , County Route 535 , Bordentown Turnpike , County Route 615 | - | Bricksburg and Point Pleasant Turnpike | | | | - | Bridgeton and Deerfield Turnpike | | | | - | Bridgeton and Fairfield Turnpike | | Bridgeton - Fairton | Bridgeton Fairton Road | - | Bridgeton and Marlton Turnpike | | | | - | Bridgeton and Millville Turnpike | | Bridgeton - Millville | Route 49 | - | Burlington Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | Burlington and Beverly Turnpike | | Burlington - Beverly | County Route 543 | - | Burlington and Columbus Turnpike | | Burlington - Columbus - Tilghmans Corner | CR 543 , Mt. Pleasant Road | - | Burlington and Jacksonville Turnpike | | | | - | Burlington and Mount Holly Turnpike | | Burlington - Mount Holly | County Route 541 | - | Burlington and Willingboro Turnpike | | Burlington - Willingboro | Salem Road | - | Camden and Atlantic Turnpike | | | | - | Camden and Blackwoodtown Turnpike | | Camden - Mount Ephraim - Blackwood | Route 168 | - | Camden , Ellisburg and Marlton Turnpike | | Camden - Marlton | Route 70 | - | Camden and Gloucester City Turnpike | | | | - | Cape Island Turnpike | | Cape May Point - Cape May | Sunset Boulevard | - | Cape May Turnpike | | Cape May - Cape May Court House | U.S. Route 9 | - | Cape May Boulevard Turnpike | | | | - | Centreton Turnpike | | | | - | Coleville and Carpenter 's Point Turnpike | | Colesville Wantage Twp , Montague Twp | Route 23 | - | Columbia and Walpack Turnpike | | Columbia - Millbrook - Walpack - Tuttles Corner | Interstate 80 , Old Mine Road , Mountain Road , Brook Road | - | Columbus and Kinkora Turnpike | | Kinkora - Columbus | Kinkora Road , Hedding Road | - | Columbus and Wrightstown Turnpike | | | | - | County Line Turnpike | | New Brunswick - Ten Mile Run | | - | Crosswicks and Trenton Turnpike | | Crosswicks - Trenton | Broad Street , County Route 524 | - | Deal and Squan Bridge Turnpike | | Deal - Asbury Park - Belmar - Lake Como | Route 71 | - | Deckertown and Newton Turnpike | | Sussex - Newton | Loomis Avenue , County Route 565 , U.S. Route 206 | - | Delaware and Jobstown Rail or McAdamised Road | | | | - | Dover Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | Dutch Lane and Marlboro Turnpike | | | | - | East Brunswick and New Brunswick Turnpike | | | | - | Eatontown and Sea Shore Turnpike | | Eatontown - Long Branch | County Route 537 | - | Eatontown and Squan Turnpike | | | | - | Elizabeth and Rahway Plank Road | | | | - | Englewood Dock and Turnpike | | | | - | Englishtown and Millstone Turnpike | | | | - | Englishtown Turnpike | | | | - | Essex and Middlesex Turnpike | | New Brunswick - Metuchen - Rahway - Elizabeth - Newark | Route 27 , Northeast Corridor right-of-way , Broad Street | - | Ewing and Hopewell Turnpike | | | | - | Farmers ' Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | Farmingdale and Squankum Turnpike | | | | - | Florence and Freehold Plank or Turnpike Road | | Florence - Freehold | | - | Florence and Jobstown Turnpike | | | | - | Florence and Keyport Plank Road | | Union Beach - Morganville | County Route 39 , County Route 3 | Was planned to reach Florence | - | Forked River and Barnegat Turnpike | | | | - | Franklin Turnpike | | Ho-Ho-Kus - Allendale - Mahwah - New York -LRB- Orange Turnpike -RRB- | Franklin Turnpike , County Route 507 | - | Freehold and Colt 's Neck Turnpike | | Freehold - Colts Neck | County Route 537 | - | Freehold and Englishtown Turnpike | | Freehold - Englishtown | County Route 522 | - | Freehold and Howell Plank Road | | Freehold - Howell | Route 79 , U.S. Route 9 , County Route 524 | - | Freehold and Jerseyville Turnpike | | | Jerseyville Avenue , Route 33 | - | Freehold and Smithville Plank Road | | | County Route 537 | - | Freehold and Smithville Turnpike | | | County Route 537 | - | Georgetown and Franklin Turnpike | | New Brunswick - Rocky Hill - Hopewell - Lambertville - Pennsylvania | Route 27 , County Route 518 | - | Glassboro and Carpenter 's Landing Turnpike | | Glassboro - Mantua | | - | Glassboro and Malaga Turnpike | | Glassboro - Clayton - Franklinville - Malaga | Route 47 | - | Gloucester Turnpike | | | | - | Gloucester and Salem Turnpike | | | | - | Good Intent and Woodbury Turnpike | | | | - | Godwinville and Paterson McAdamized Road | | | | - | Gravelly Ridge Turnpike | | Jericho - Woods Upper Mill | Jericho Road | - | Great and Little Egg Harbor Turnpike | | | | - | Hackensack and Fort Lee Turnpike | | Hackensack - Fort Lee | Fort Lee Road , Main Street | - | Hackensack and Harrington Plank Road | | Ridgefield Park - Teaneck - Dumont - New York | Teaneck Road , Washington Avenue , Schraalenburgh Road , Tappan Road | - | Hackensack and Paterson Turnpike | | Paterson - Elmwood Park - Saddle Brook - Hackensack | Market Street , Essex Street | - | Hackensack Plank Road | | Bergen Turnpike | | - | Haddonfield and Camden Turnpike | | Haddonfield - Camden | County Route 561 | - | Hainesport , Lumberton and Vincentown Turnpike | | Hainesport - Lumberton - Vincentown | Chestnut Street , Landing Street | - | Highlands and Sea Bright Turnpike | | Navesink Beach -LRB- Highlands Station -RRB- - Sea Bright | Route 36 | - | Hightstown and Allentown Turnpike | | | | - | Hightstown and Cranbury Turnpike | | | | - | Hightstown and Imlaystown Turnpike | | | | - | Hightstown and Manalapanville Turnpike | | Hightstown - Manalapan | Route 33 | - | Hightstown and Perrineville Turnpike | | | | - | Hightstown and Princeton Turnpike | | | | - | Hightstown and Robbinsville Turnpike | | | | - | Hoboken and Hudson River Turnpike | | | | - | Holmdel and Keyport Turnpike | | Holmdel - Keyport | County Route 4 | - | Holmdel and Middletown Point Turnpike | | Holmdel - Matawan | Route 34 | - | Hope and Hackettstown Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | Hopewell and Ewing Turnpike | | Trenton - Ewing - Pennington | Route 31 | - | Howell Turnpike | | | | - | Hudson and Bergen Plank Road | | | | - | Hudson and Hackensack Roadway | | | | - | Hunterdon and Sussex Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | Jefferson Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | Jersey City and Acquackanonk Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | Jersey City and Bergen Point Plank Road | | Jersey City - Bayonne - Bergen Point | Grand Street , Ocean Avenue , Broadway | - | Keyport and Middletown Turnpike | | | Route 35 | - | Keyport and Oak Grove Turnpike | | Unbuilt | Broadway , Lloyd Road , Line Road | - | Lambertville and Flemington Plank Road | | | | - | Lambertville and Flemington Turnpike | | | | - | Lambertville and Ringoes Turnpike | | | | - | Lambertville and Rocky Hill Turnpike | | | | - | Lawrence Turnpike | | | | - | Lawrenceville , Berkeley and Thorofare Turnpike | | | | - | Leedsville and Colt 's Neck Turnpike | | | | - | Long Beach Turnpike | | Manahawkin - Ship Bottom | Route 72 | - | Long Branch and Deal Turnpike | | Deal - Long Branch | Monmouth Road | - | Long Branch and Sea Bright Turnpike | | Sea Bright - Long Branch | Route 36 | - | Long-a-coming and Chew 's Landing Turnpike | | Berlin -LRB- Long-a-coming -RRB- - Clementon - Chews Landing | Clementon Road , Berlin Road , Chews Landing Road | - | Longacoming , May 's Landing and Tuckerton Turnpike | | | | - | Manalapan and Freehold Turnpike | | Manalapan - Freehold | Route 33 ; County Route 24 | - | Manalapan and Patton 's Corner Turnpike | | Manalapan - Morganville | County Route 3 | - | Manalapan Turnpike | | | | - | Manalapanville and Englishtown Turnpike | | Manalapan - Englishtown | County Route 527 Alternate | - | Manalapanville and Perrineville Turnpike | | | | - | Mantua Creek and Red Bank Turnpike | | | | - | Marlborough and Quinton 's Bridge Turnpike | | | | - | Matawan and Holmdel Turnpike | | Unbuilt | Bethany Road , Church Street | - | Mechanicsville and Oceanville Turnpike | | | | - | Medford and Indiantown Turnpike | | | | - | Medford and Tuckerton Turnpike | | Medford - Tuckerton | County Route 541 , Stokes Road , Iron Pipe Road , Chatsworth Road , Stage Road | - | Middlesex and Monmouth Turnpike | | | County Route 516 | - | Middletown Turnpike | | Middletown - Red Bank | Route 35 | - | Middletown and Holmdel Turnpike | | | | - | Middletown and Keyport Turnpike | | Keyport - Middletown | Route 35 | - | Milltown Turnpike | | | | - | Millville and Buckshutem Turnpike | | | | - | Millville and Malaga Road | | Millville - Vineland - Malaga | Route 47 | - | Millville and Mauricetown Turnpike | | | | - | Millville , Vineland and Carlsburg Turnpike | | | | - | Monmouth County Plank Road | | Freehold - Matawan - Keyport | Route 79 , County Route 516 , County Route 6 | - | Moorestown and Camden Turnpike | | Moorestown - Camden | County Route 537 | - | Moorestown and Mount Laurel Turnpike | | Moorestown - Mount Laurel | | - | Morris Turnpike | | Elizabeth - Union - Morristown - Netcong - Newton - Culver 's Gap | Route 82 , Route 124 , Sussex Turnpike , Route 10 , U.S. Route 46 , U.S. Route 206 , County Route 519 , Morris Turnpike | - | Morristown and Baskingridge Turnpike | | | | - | Mount Holly and Eayrestown Turnpike | | | | - | Mount Holly and Jobstown Turnpike | | Mount Holly - Jobstown | County Route 537 | - | Mount Holly , Lumberton and Medford Turnpike | | Mount Holly - Lumberton - Medford | County Route 541 | - | Mount Holly and Moorestown Turnpike | | Mount Holly - Moorestown | County Route 537 | - | Mount Holly and Pemberton Turnpike | | | | - | Mount Holly and Pemberton South Turnpike | | | | - | Mount Hope and Longwood Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | Mullica Hill and Camden Turnpike | | Mullica Hill - Mantua - Woodbury | Route 45 | - | Mullica Hill and Pittsgrove Turnpike | | | | - | Mullica Hill and Pole Tavern Turnpike | | | | - | Mullica Hill and Red Bank Turnpike or McAdamized Road | | | | - | Mullica Hill and Woodbury Turnpike | | | | - | Mullica Hill and Woodstown Turnpike | | Mullica Hill - Woodstown | Route 45 | - | Navesink Turnpike | | | | - | Newark Plank Road and Ferry | | Jersey City - Newark | Newark Avenue , Communipaw Ave/U . S. Route 1/9 Truck , Ferry Street | - | Newark Turnpike | | Jersey City - Harrison - Newark | Newark Avenue , Route 7 , County Route 508 | - | Newark and Clinton Plank Road | | | | - | Newark and Elizabeth Plank Road | | Newark - Elizabeth | NJ 27 | - | Newark and Elizabethtown Plank Road | | | | - | Newark and Morris Turnpike | | Newark - South Orange - Morristown | County Route 510 | - | Newark and Mount Pleasant Turnpike | | Newark - West Orange - Dover | Route 10 | - | Newark and Pompton Turnpike | | Newark - Bloomfield - Montclair - Singac - Riverdale ; Montclair - Caldwell - Pine Brook | County Route 506 Spur , County Route 506 , Route 23 , Newark Pompton Turnpike ; County Route 506 | - | New Brunswick and Cranbury Turnpike | | New Brunswick - Cranbury - Cranbury Station | | - | New Brunswick and Middleburgh Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | New Egypt and Manchester Turnpike | | | | - | New Germantown Turnpike | | North Branch - Lamington - Oldwick - Long Valley | County Route 665 , County Route 517 | - | New Jersey Turnpike | | New Brunswick - Bound Brook - Somerville - Lebanon - Clinton - Bloomsbury - Phillipsburg - Pennsylvania | County Route 527 , Route 28 , U.S. Route 22 , Route 122 | - | New Milford Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | New Providence Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | Newton Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | North Hudson Turnpike | | | | - | Ocean Beach and Squan River Turnpike | | | | - | Ocean City and Beesley 's Point Turnpike | | | | - | Parsippany and Rockaway Turnpike | | Pine Brook - Parsippany - Denville - Rockaway - Wharton | U.S. Route 46 , Main Street , Mount Pleasant Avenue | - | Passaic Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | Passaic and Hackensack Ferry and Road | | | | - | Paterson and Hamburg Turnpike | | Passaic - Paterson - Riverdale - Bloomingdale - Hamburg - Sussex - Montague - Pennsylvania | Main Avenue , Main Street , Broadway , Hamburg Turnpike , Route 23 , Libertyville Road , Deckertown Turnpike | - | Paterson and New Antrim Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | Paterson and New Prospect Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | Paterson and New York Plank Road | | Paterson - Passaic - Wallington - East Rutherford - Secaucus - Hoboken | Main Street , Main Avenue , Paterson Avenue , Route 120 , Paterson Plank Road | - | Peapack Plank Road | | | | - | Perrineville and Monroe Turnpike | | | | - | Perrineville and Sweetman 's Lane Turnpike | | | County Route 1 | - | Perth Amboy Turnpike | | Perth Amboy - Metuchen - Piscataway | New Brunswick Avenue , County Route 501 | - | Pittstown and Barnsboro Turnpike | | | | - | Pittstown and Bridgeton Turnpike | | | | - | Pleasantville and Atlantic Turnpike or Plank Road | | Pleasantville - Atlantic City | Old Turnpike , Turnpike Road | - | Pochuck Turnpike | | Hamburg - Glenwood - New York | Route 94 , County Route 517 | - | Pompton and Paterson Turnpike | | | | - | Port Elizabeth Turnpike | | | | - | Port Elizabeth and Millville Turnpike | | Port Elizabeth - Millville | Route 47 | - | Port Monmouth and Middletown Plank Road | | Port Monmouth - New Monmouth - Middletown | | - | Princeton and Kingston Branch Turnpike | | Trenton - Princeton - Kingston | County Route 583 , Route 27 | - | Princeton and West Windsor Plank or McAdamized Road | | | | - | Ramapo and Weehawken Plank Road | | | | - | Raritan and Delaware Plank Road | | | | - | Red Bank and Eatontown Turnpike | | | Broad Street , County Route 11 , Route 35 | - | Red Bank and Holmdel Turnpike | | | | - | Red Bank and Tinton Falls Turnpike | | | | - | Red Bank and Woodbury Turnpike or McAdamized Road | | | | - | Ringwood and Long Pond Turnpike | | Ringwood - Greenwood Lake - New York | County Route 511 , Warwick Turnpike | - | Robertsville and Patton 's Corner Turnpike | | | County Route 3 | - | Salem and Woodstown Turnpike | | | | - | Schooley 's Mountain Turnpike | | | | - | Sea Isle City Turnpike | | | | - | Shiloh Turnpike | | | | - | Shrewsbury Plank Road | | | | - | Shrewsbury Turnpike | | Red Bank - Shrewsbury - Eatontown | Route 35 | - | Smithville and Blue Ball Turnpike | | | County Route 524 | - | Smithville and Clarksburgh Turnpike | | | County Route 524 | - | South River and Freehold Plank Road | | | | - | Spotswood and Matchaponix Turnpike | | | | - | Spotswood and Old Bridge Turnpike | | | | - | Springfield and Newark Turnpike | | Springfield - Irvington - Newark | Route 124 , Springfield Avenue | - | Spruce Run Turnpike | | Clinton - Hampton - Washington - Oxford | Route 31 | - | Squankum and Point Pleasant | | | | - | Stockton and Newton Turnpike | | | | - | Sweetman 's Lane Turnpike | | | | - | Texas Mills and Spotswood Turnpike | | | | - | Tinton Falls Turnpike | | Colts Neck - Tinton Falls - Eatontown | County Route 537 | - | Toms River and Forked River Turnpike | | - | Trenton and Allentown Turnpike | | Trenton - Mercerville - Hamilton Square - Robbinsville - Allentown | NJ 33 , CR 526 | - | Trenton and Ewing Turnpike | | | | - | Trenton and New Brunswick Turnpike | | Trenton - New Brunswick | U.S. Route 1 , Route 26 | - | Union Turnpike | | Morristown - Morris Plains - Dover - Sparta - Branchville - Culver 's Gap - Montague - Pennsylvania | U.S. Route 202 , Mountain Way , Route 10 , Salem Street , Route 15 , Route 181 , Route 15 , U.S. Route 206 | - | Union Turnpike | North Bergen , NJ - connecting - Bergen Turnpike - Paterson Plank Road | | Union Turnpike | - | Upper Freehold and Millstone Turnpike | | | | - | Upper Pittsgrove and Pittsgrove Turnpike | | | | - | Vernon Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | Vernon and Newton Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | Vincentown and Mount Holly Turnpike | | | | - | Vincentown and Tabernacle Turnpike | | Vincentown - Tabernacle | | - | Washington Turnpike | | Morristown - Mendham - Chester - Schooley 's Mountain - Washington - Phillipsburg - Pennsylvania ; Schooley 's Mountain - Hackettstown | County Route 510 , County Route 513 , County Route 517 , Pleasant Grove Road , Penwell Road , Route 57 ; County Route 517 | - | Washington and Cranbury Turnpike | | | | - | Water Gap Turnpike | | Unbuilt | | - | Weehawken Turnpike | | | | - | Westfield and Camden Turnpike | | Camden - Burlington | Westfield Avenue , U.S. Route 130 | - | West Hoboken Roadway | | | | - | Westville and Glassborough Turnpike | | | | - | White Horse Turnpike | | Camden - Stratford | U.S. Route 30 | - | Williamstown and Camden Road | | | | - | Williamstown and Good Intent Turnpike | | | | - | Winslow Turnpike | | | | - | Woodbridge Turnpike | | New Brunswick - Woodbridge - Rahway ; Woodbridge - Carteret - New York -LRB- Richmond Turnpike via ferry -RRB- | County Route 514 ; Port Reading Avenue | - | Woodbridge and Blazing Star Turnpike | | | | - | Woodbury and Camden Turnpike | | | | - | Woodbury and Cross Keys Turnpike | | Woodbury - Cross Keys | Egg Harbor Road | - | Woodmancy and Barnegat Turnpike | | | | - | Woodstown and Pennsgrove Turnpike | | | | - | Zinc Mines Plank Road | | | | -RCB- ",
"The Palisades Cemetery is located on the cuesta , or descending ridge of the Palisades in North Bergen , New Jersey . Its main entrance on Bergen Turnpike and Union Turnpike . It is adjacent to the Weehawken Cemetery and is one of a several on the westen slope of North Hudson County . ",
"Oxford Turnpike may refer to : Oxford Turnpike -LRB- Connecticut -RRB- Oxford Turnpike -LRB- New York -RRB- ",
"The Newburgh and Cochecton Turnpike was a turnpike road in southern New York in the United States . It ran from Newburgh on the Hudson River west to Cochecton on the Delaware River , where travelers could continue west through Pennsylvania on the Cochecton and Great Bend Turnpike toward Binghamton . The road operated as a toll road from 1810 to 1872 . It is now mostly maintained by the state , carrying New York State Route 17K -LRB- NY 17K -RRB- from Newburgh to Bloomingburg and NY 17B from Monticello to Fosterdale . Between Bloomingburg and Monticello , the turnpike has been bypassed by the Quickway -LRB- NY 17 -RRB- , and is now maintained by Sullivan County ; similarly , the route west of Fosterdale to Cochecton is County Route 114 -LRB- CR 114 -RRB- . Across the Delaware River , Pennsylvania Route 371 -LRB- PA 371 -RRB- leads west from the Cochecton -- Damascus Bridge . "
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Legendary Entertainment is the owner of Wanda Cinemas. | Wanda Group , or Dalian Wanda , is a Chinese multinational conglomerate corporation and the world 's biggest private property developer and owner and the world 's largest cinema chain operator , owning Wanda Cinemas and the Hoyts Group , as well as a majority share of AMC Theatres . The company operates in four major industries -- commercial property , luxury hotels , culture , Internet , finance , tourism , and department stores . It was established in Dalian , Liaoning and is now headquartered in Beijing . It ranked 385th on the Fortune Global 500 List in 2015 . In 2016 its assets amounted to 796.2 billion yuan with operating revenue of 255 billion yuan.Wanda Cultural Industry Group is China 's largest cultural enterprise , with annual revenue of 64.1 billion yuan in 2016 . | [
"Legendary_Entertainment",
"Wanda_Group",
"Caracappa",
"Craig_J._Nevius",
"Agatha_Harkness"
] | [
"Legendary Entertainment -LRB- also known as Legendary Pictures or Legendary -RRB- is an American media company based in Burbank , California . The company was founded by Thomas Tull in 2000 and in 2005 , concluded an agreement to co-produce and co-finance films with Warner Bros. , and began a similar arrangement with Universal Studios in 2014 . Since 2016 , Legendary has been a subsidiary of the Chinese conglomerate Wanda Group . ",
"Wanda Group , or Dalian Wanda , is a Chinese multinational conglomerate corporation and the world 's biggest private property developer and owner and the world 's largest cinema chain operator , owning Wanda Cinemas and the Hoyts Group , as well as a majority share of AMC Theatres . The company operates in four major industries -- commercial property , luxury hotels , culture , Internet , finance , tourism , and department stores . It was established in Dalian , Liaoning and is now headquartered in Beijing . It ranked 385th on the Fortune Global 500 List in 2015 . In 2016 its assets amounted to 796.2 billion yuan with operating revenue of 255 billion yuan.Wanda Cultural Industry Group is China 's largest cultural enterprise , with annual revenue of 64.1 billion yuan in 2016 . ",
"Caracappa is an Italian family name , shared by : Matt Caracappa , owner of X-Entertainment . com and dinosaurdracula.com Stephen Caracappa , New York police officer convicted of working for the mafia ",
"Craig J. Nevius is an American playwright , screenwriter and film producer . He is the owner of Windmill Entertainment LLC , a television development and production company that specializes in both scripted and unscripted projects with pop culture appeal . ",
"Agatha Harkness is a fictional character , a powerful witch in the Marvel Comics universe . She is the mother of Nicholas Scratch . Agatha has been depicted as one of the original witches from the Salem witch trials in Salem , Massachusetts . She somehow survived and later became a significant figure in Marvel continuity , protecting Franklin Richards as his nanny and notably mentoring Wanda Maximoff -LRB- the Scarlet Witch -RRB- in real magic . Agatha was eventually killed by Wanda , who went insane . She also had a familiar named Ebony , a weird cat-like creature that could sense the presence of mystical beings . "
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Aruba is the only ABC Island. | ABC_islands_-LRB-Lesser_Antilles-RRB- | The ABC islands are the three western-most islands of the Leeward Antilles in the Caribbean Sea that lie north of Falcón State , Venezuela . From west to east they are , in order Aruba , Curaçao , and Bonaire . All three islands are part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands , although they remain outside the European Union . Aruba and Curaçao are autonomous , self-governing constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands , while Bonaire is a special municipality of the Netherlands proper . | [
"Modansa",
"Aruba",
"ABC_islands_-LRB-Lesser_Antilles-RRB-",
"Attack_on_Aruba",
"Bonaire"
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"Modansa is a village on the island of Aruba , located towards the center of the island . Category : Populated places in Aruba ",
"Aruba -LRB- -LSB- əˈruːbə -RSB- ; -LSB- aːˈrubaː -RSB- -RRB- is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in the southern Caribbean Sea , located about 1600 km west of the main part of the Lesser Antilles and 29 km north of the coast of Venezuela . It measures 32 km long from its northwestern to its southeastern end and 10 km across at its widest point . Together with Bonaire and Curaçao , Aruba forms a group referred to as the ABC islands . Collectively , Aruba and the other Dutch islands in the Caribbean are often called the Dutch Caribbean . Aruba is one of the four countries that form the Kingdom of the Netherlands , along with the Netherlands , Curaçao and Sint Maarten . The citizens of these countries all share a single nationality : Dutch . Aruba has no administrative subdivisions , but , for census purposes , is divided into eight regions . Its capital is Oranjestad . Unlike much of the Caribbean region , Aruba has a dry climate and an arid , cactus-strewn landscape . This climate has helped tourism as visitors to the island can reliably expect warm , sunny weather . It has a land area of 179 km2 and is densely populated , with a total of 102,484 inhabitants at the 2010 Census . It lies outside Hurricane Alley . ",
"The ABC islands are the three western-most islands of the Leeward Antilles in the Caribbean Sea that lie north of Falcón State , Venezuela . From west to east they are , in order Aruba , Curaçao , and Bonaire . All three islands are part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands , although they remain outside the European Union . Aruba and Curaçao are autonomous , self-governing constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands , while Bonaire is a special municipality of the Netherlands proper . ",
"The Attack on Aruba was an attack on oil installations and tankers by Axis submarines during World War II . On 16 February 1942 , a German U-boat attacked the small island of Aruba . Other submarines patrolled the area for shipping and they sank or damaged tankers . Aruba was home to two of the largest oil refineries in the world during the war against the Axis powers , the Arend Petroleum Maatschappij , situated near the Oranjestad harbor and the Lago Oil and Transport Company at the San Nicolas harbor . The attack resulted in the disruption of vital Allied fuel production . ",
"Bonaire -LRB- pronounced -LSB- bɔːˈnɛər -RSB- or -LSB- bɒnˈɛər -RSB- Bonaire , -LSB- boˈnɛːr -RSB- ; Papiamentu : Boneiru -RRB- is an island in the Leeward Antilles in the Caribbean Sea . Together with Aruba and Curaçao , it forms the group known as the ABC islands , located less than a hundred miles off the north coast of South America near the western part of Venezuela . Unlike much of the Caribbean region , the ABCs lie outside the hurricane belt . The islands have an arid climate , which helps tourism , as visitors to the islands can reliably expect warm , sunny weather . Bonaire is a popular destination for SCUBA divers , and it is also well known for easy access to its various reefs from the shore . Bonaire 's capital is Kralendijk . The island has a permanent population of 18,905 -LRB- as of 1 January 2015 -RRB- and an area of 294 km2 -LRB- together with nearby uninhabited Klein Bonaire -RRB- . Bonaire was part of the Netherlands Antilles until the country 's dissolution in 2010 , when the island became a special municipality within the country of the Netherlands . It is one of the three BES islands in the Caribbean ; the other two BES islands are Sint Eustatius and Saba . "
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Great white sharks do not prefer dolphins as prey. | The great white shark -LRB- Carcharodon carcharias -RRB- , also known as the great white , white pointer , white shark , or white death , is a species of large mackerel shark which can be found in the coastal surface waters of all the major oceans . The great white shark is notable for its size , with mature female individuals growing up to 6.1 m in length and 1950 kg in weight . However most are smaller , males measuring 11 to and females 15 to on average . According to a 2014 study the lifespan of great white sharks is estimated to be as long as 70 years or more , well above previous estimates , making it one of the longest lived cartilaginous fish currently known . According to the same study , male great white sharks take 26 years to reach sexual maturity , while the females take 33 years to be ready to produce offspring . Great white sharks can accelerate to over 56 km/h for short bursts . The great white shark has no known natural predators other than the killer whale . The great white shark is arguably the world 's largest known extant macropredatory fish , and is one of the primary predators of marine mammals . It is also known to prey upon a variety of other marine animals , including fish and seabirds . It is the only known surviving species of its genus Carcharodon , and is ranked first in having the most recorded shark bite incidents on humans . The IUCN list the great white shark as a vulnerable species , while it is included in Appendix II of CITES . The novel Jaws by Peter Benchley and the subsequent film by Steven Spielberg depicted the great white shark as a `` ferocious man eater '' . Humans are not the preferred prey of the great white shark , but , nevertheless , the great white is responsible for the largest number of reported and identified fatal unprovoked shark attacks on humans . | [
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"The great white shark -LRB- Carcharodon carcharias -RRB- , also known as the great white , white pointer , white shark , or white death , is a species of large mackerel shark which can be found in the coastal surface waters of all the major oceans . The great white shark is notable for its size , with mature female individuals growing up to 6.1 m in length and 1950 kg in weight . However most are smaller , males measuring 11 to and females 15 to on average . According to a 2014 study the lifespan of great white sharks is estimated to be as long as 70 years or more , well above previous estimates , making it one of the longest lived cartilaginous fish currently known . According to the same study , male great white sharks take 26 years to reach sexual maturity , while the females take 33 years to be ready to produce offspring . Great white sharks can accelerate to over 56 km/h for short bursts . The great white shark has no known natural predators other than the killer whale . The great white shark is arguably the world 's largest known extant macropredatory fish , and is one of the primary predators of marine mammals . It is also known to prey upon a variety of other marine animals , including fish and seabirds . It is the only known surviving species of its genus Carcharodon , and is ranked first in having the most recorded shark bite incidents on humans . The IUCN list the great white shark as a vulnerable species , while it is included in Appendix II of CITES . The novel Jaws by Peter Benchley and the subsequent film by Steven Spielberg depicted the great white shark as a `` ferocious man eater '' . Humans are not the preferred prey of the great white shark , but , nevertheless , the great white is responsible for the largest number of reported and identified fatal unprovoked shark attacks on humans . ",
"Andrew Wheeler -LRB- born 18 January 1988 -RRB- is a New Zealand professional basketball player for the Southland Sharks of the National Basketball League -LRB- NBL -RRB- . In September 2010 , Wheeler was sentenced in the Dunedin District Court to seven months ' home detention after admitting a charge of reckless disregard for safety when he struck a man in the face with a beer bottle at a Dunedin flat-warming party in March . After managing just three games for the Sharks in 2010 because of the incident , he re-joined the squad in late April 2011 for the rest of the 2011 season . He played two further seasons with the Sharks as he totalled 15 games over four NBL seasons , winning an NBL championship in the process . After not playing for the Sharks in 2014 , Wheeler continued on with the club in 2015 , 2016 and 2017 . Off the court , Wheeler is a lawyer in Invercargill . ",
"Rubus scandens is an uncommon Mexican species of brambles in the rose family . It has been found only in the State of Veracruz in eastern Mexico . Rubus scandens is a climbing perennial sometimes reaching 6 meters above the ground . Stems do not have prickles , but petioles do . Leaves are palmately compound with 5 thick , leathery leaflets . Flowers are white or pink . Fruits are dark purple , the drupelets falling apart separately . ",
"Galeomorphii is a superorder of cartilaginous fishes which includes all modern sharks except the dogfish and its relatives . They are sometimes called galea or galean sharks . There are about 300 living species in 23 families . Galean sharks are divided into four orders : the Heterodontiformes , Orectolobiformes , Lamniformes , and Carcharhiniformes ",
"The Genocidal Healer is a 1992 science fiction novel by Northern Irish author James White , part of his Sector General series . Like late books in the series , it stars an alien . However the protagonist of the early Sector General stories , Dr. Conway , plays an important supporting role , as do other regular characters . Sector General has seen its share of desperate procedures and `` kill-or-cure '' decisions . Senior Physician Lioren made one where the outcome was very much `` kill '' . Now unwilling to live but not allowed to die , he has to work out what to do with himself . The early sector General stories focus almost entirely on medical problems , but later ones such as The Genocidal Healer also deal with deeper issues , . White said in an interview , `` The Genocidal Healer is very philosophical and theological . I 'm , as you know , a Catholic . If our parish priest ever reads The Genocidal Healer , I 'm in deep trouble , because he 's very old and very right wing . '' "
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Burbank, California has always been completely void of industry. | Burbank,_California | Burbank is a city in Los Angeles County in Southern California , United States , 12 mi northwest of downtown Los Angeles . The population at the 2010 census was 103,340 . Billed as the `` Media Capital of the World '' and only a few miles northeast of Hollywood , numerous media and entertainment companies are headquartered or have significant production facilities in Burbank , including The Walt Disney Company , Warner Bros. . Entertainment , Nickelodeon Animation Studios , NBC , Cartoon Network Studios with the West Coast branch of Cartoon Network , and Insomniac Games . The city is also home to Bob Hope Airport . It was the location of Lockheed 's Skunk Works , which produced some of the most secret and technologically advanced airplanes , including the U-2 spy planes that uncovered the Soviet Union missile components in Cuba in October 1962 . Burbank consists of two distinct areas : a downtown/foothill section , in the foothills of the Verdugo Mountains , and the flatland section . Burbank is the easternmost city in the San Fernando Valley . Burbank 's neighbor , Glendale , is the westernmost city in the San Gabriel Valley . The city was referred to as `` Beautiful Downtown Burbank '' on Laugh-In and The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson . The city was named after David Burbank , a New Hampshire-born dentist and entrepreneur who established a sheep ranch there in 1867 . | [
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"Legendary Entertainment -LRB- also known as Legendary Pictures or Legendary -RRB- is an American media company based in Burbank , California . The company was founded by Thomas Tull in 2000 and in 2005 , concluded an agreement to co-produce and co-finance films with Warner Bros. , and began a similar arrangement with Universal Studios in 2014 . Since 2016 , Legendary has been a subsidiary of the Chinese conglomerate Wanda Group . ",
"Tom Rounds -LRB- June 6 , 1936 -- June 1 , 2014 -RRB- was an American radio broadcasting executive , founder and chief executive officer of Radio Express in Burbank , California . ",
"Burbank is a city in Los Angeles County in Southern California , United States , 12 mi northwest of downtown Los Angeles . The population at the 2010 census was 103,340 . Billed as the `` Media Capital of the World '' and only a few miles northeast of Hollywood , numerous media and entertainment companies are headquartered or have significant production facilities in Burbank , including The Walt Disney Company , Warner Bros. . Entertainment , Nickelodeon Animation Studios , NBC , Cartoon Network Studios with the West Coast branch of Cartoon Network , and Insomniac Games . The city is also home to Bob Hope Airport . It was the location of Lockheed 's Skunk Works , which produced some of the most secret and technologically advanced airplanes , including the U-2 spy planes that uncovered the Soviet Union missile components in Cuba in October 1962 . Burbank consists of two distinct areas : a downtown/foothill section , in the foothills of the Verdugo Mountains , and the flatland section . Burbank is the easternmost city in the San Fernando Valley . Burbank 's neighbor , Glendale , is the westernmost city in the San Gabriel Valley . The city was referred to as `` Beautiful Downtown Burbank '' on Laugh-In and The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson . The city was named after David Burbank , a New Hampshire-born dentist and entrepreneur who established a sheep ranch there in 1867 . ",
"Cindy Baer is an American actress , director , producer , and entrepreneur . She helms the production company Free Dream Pictures , located in Burbank , California . She directed and produced the critically acclaimed feature films Purgatory House and Odd Brodsky . She attends filmmaking panels across the country , speaking as an expert on low budget filmmaking . Baer resides in Los Angeles , California with her cinematographer husband Matthew Irving . ",
"The Taurus Void is a vast , near empty region of space situated between the Perseus-Pisces Supercluster and the Virgo Supercluster . The Taurus void is unique because of its relatively close proximity to Earth , and because it helps to define the edge of latter 's home supercluster , the Virgo supercluster . Despite its close proximity to Earth , the Taurus Void is not well studied because it is partially obscured by the Milky Way when viewed from Earth . In contrast to its ambiguous boundary in the section of sky obscured by the Milky Way , the Taurus Void has a very well defined boundary with the Perseus-Pisces supercluster . "
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The Guthrie Theater's second building began operating in 1963. | The Guthrie Theater , founded in 1963 , is a center for theater performance , production , education , and professional training in Minneapolis , Minnesota . The concept of the theater was born in 1959 in a series of discussions between Sir Tyrone Guthrie , Oliver Rea and Peter Zeisler . Disenchanted with Broadway , they intended to form a theater with a resident acting company , to perform classic plays in rotating repertory , while maintaining the highest professional standards . The Guthrie Theater has performed in two main-stage facilities . The first building was designed by Ralph Rapson , included a 1,441-seat thrust stage designed by Tanya Moiseiwitsch , and was operated from 1963 -- 2006 . After closing its 2005 -- 2006 season , the theater moved to its current facility designed by Jean Nouvel . In 1982 , the theater won the Regional Theatre Tony Award . | [
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"The Guthrie Theater , founded in 1963 , is a center for theater performance , production , education , and professional training in Minneapolis , Minnesota . The concept of the theater was born in 1959 in a series of discussions between Sir Tyrone Guthrie , Oliver Rea and Peter Zeisler . Disenchanted with Broadway , they intended to form a theater with a resident acting company , to perform classic plays in rotating repertory , while maintaining the highest professional standards . The Guthrie Theater has performed in two main-stage facilities . The first building was designed by Ralph Rapson , included a 1,441-seat thrust stage designed by Tanya Moiseiwitsch , and was operated from 1963 -- 2006 . After closing its 2005 -- 2006 season , the theater moved to its current facility designed by Jean Nouvel . In 1982 , the theater won the Regional Theatre Tony Award . ",
"Born Naked is an album by RuPaul 2014 Born Naked may also refer to `` Born Naked '' , spoken word track by actor Tim Robbins on Woodie Guthrie album 'Til We Outnumber 'Em ... The Songs of Woodie Guthrie 2000 `` Born Naked '' , song by RuPaul from Born Naked 2014 `` Born Naked '' , single by Triston Palma 1995 ",
"Holy Cow ! Casino and Brewery -LRB- formerly Foxy 's Firehouse -RRB- was a locals casino and microbrewery on South Las Vegas Boulevard , north of the Las Vegas Strip , in Las Vegas , Nevada . The property began in 1955 as Foxy 's Deli , which operated until its closure in 1975 . A year later , the building was reopened as a casino named Foxy 's Firehouse , which later closed in 1988 . Tom `` Big Dog '' Wiesner purchased the building and reopened it as the Holy Cow casino in 1992 . Wiesner added a microbrewery the following year , making the Holy Cow the first brewery to open in Las Vegas . Wiesner persuaded the state to change its laws that had prohibited breweries from operating in Las Vegas . The brewery won several awards for its beers , although the property ultimately closed in March 2002 , because of a decline in tourism caused by the September 11 attacks . During 2005 , the building was used as a sales office for two separate high-rise condominium projects , including the Ivana Las Vegas , which was to replace the Holy Cow before ultimately being cancelled later that year . The Holy Cow was demolished in April 2012 , and construction of a two-story Walgreens store began on the property in 2014 . ",
"The First National Bank is a historic bank building in Huntsville , Alabama . The temple-form Greek Revival structure was built in 1835 -- 1836 . Designed by locally famous architect George Steele , it occupies a prominent position , facing the courthouse square and sitting on a bluff directly above the Big Spring . It was the longest-serving bank building in Alabama , operating until 2010 when Regions Bank moved their downtown branch to a new location . The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974 . ",
"`` Song to Woody '' is one of the first ever songs written by American singer-songwriter Bob Dylan , released on his eponymous debut album Bob Dylan in 1962 . The song conveys Dylan 's appreciation of folk legend Woody Guthrie . The tune is based on Guthrie 's song `` 1913 Massacre '' . The song also makes references to icons such as Cisco Houston , Sonny Terry and Lead Belly whose music Dylan appreciated . The line `` that come with the dust and are gone with the wind '' quotes the line `` we come with the dust and we go with the wind '' in Guthrie 's song `` Pastures of Plenty '' . A live version of `` Song to Woody '' was recorded live at Santa Cruz Civic Auditorium , Santa Cruz , on 16 March 2000 and released on the `` Things Have Changed '' CD single in 2000 . Dan Bern makes heavy references to `` Song to Woody '' in his song `` Talkin ' Woody , Bob , Bruce & Dan Blues '' from the album Smartie Mine . David Bowie also makes reference to the song in his own tribute to Dylan , `` Song for Bob Dylan '' , which begins with the line , `` Now hear this , Robert Zimmerman , I wrote this song for you '' mirroring Dylan 's own `` Hey , hey Woody Guthrie , I wrote you a song . '' Frank Turner references the song in his song `` Pass it Along '' , with the lyrics `` Hey , hey Mr Dylan , I have written you a song . '' This originally appeared on his Rock & Roll EP and was subsequently released on compilation The Second Three Years , which also features a cover of `` Song to Woody '' renamed `` Song to Bob '' with some lyrical adjustments . A punk rock version of the song by Silverstein can be found on the amnesty international charity album Chimes of Freedom . "
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Commodore is ranked above a rear admiral. | Commodore_-LRB-rank-RRB- | Commodore is a naval rank used in many navies that is superior to a navy captain , but below a rear admiral . Non-English-speaking nations often use the rank of flotilla admiral or counter admiral or senior captain as an equivalent , although counter admiral may also correspond to rear admiral . Traditionally , `` commodore '' is the title for any officer assigned to command more than one ship at a time , even temporarily , much as `` captain '' is the traditional title for the commanding officer of a single ship even if the officer 's official title in the service is a lower rank . As an official rank , a commodore typically commands a flotilla or squadron of ships as part of a larger task force or naval fleet commanded by an admiral . A commodore 's ship is typically designated by the flying of a Broad pennant , as opposed to an admiral 's flag . It is often regarded as a one-star rank with a NATO code of OF-6 -LRB- which is known in the U.S. as `` rear admiral -LRB- lower half -RRB- '' -RRB- , but whether it is regarded as a flag rank varies between countries . It is sometimes abbreviated : as `` Cdre '' in British Royal Navy , `` CDRE '' in the US Navy , `` Cmdre '' in the Royal Canadian Navy , `` COMO '' in the Spanish Navy and in some navies speaking the Spanish language , or `` CMDE '' as used in the Indian Navy or in some other Navies . | [
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"Rear admiral is a naval commissioned officer rank above that of a commodore and captain , and below that of a vice admiral . It is generally regarded as the lowest of the `` admiral '' ranks , which are also sometimes referred to as `` flag officers '' or `` flag ranks '' . In many navies it is referred to as a two-star rank -LRB- OF-7 -RRB- . It originated from the days of naval sailing squadrons and can trace its origins to the Royal Navy . Each naval squadron would be assigned an admiral as its head , who would command from the centre vessel and direct the activities of the squadron . The admiral would in turn be assisted by a vice admiral , who commanded the lead ships which would bear the brunt of a naval battle . In the rear of the naval squadron , a third admiral would command the remaining ships and , as this section of the squadron was considered to be in the least danger , the admiral in command of the rear would typically be the most junior of the squadron admirals . This has survived into the modern age , with the rank of rear admiral the most-junior of the admiralty ranks of many navies . In some European navies -LRB- e.g. , that of France -RRB- , and in the Canadian Forces ' French rank translations , the rank of rear admiral is known as contre-amiral . In the German Navy the rank is known as Konteradmiral , superior to the flotilla admiral -LRB- Commodore in other navies -RRB- . In the Royal Netherlands Navy , this rank is known as schout-bij-nacht -LRB- lit. : supervisor during night -RRB- , denoting the role junior to the squadron admiral , and fleet admiral . ",
"Commodore is a naval rank used in many navies that is superior to a navy captain , but below a rear admiral . Non-English-speaking nations often use the rank of flotilla admiral or counter admiral or senior captain as an equivalent , although counter admiral may also correspond to rear admiral . Traditionally , `` commodore '' is the title for any officer assigned to command more than one ship at a time , even temporarily , much as `` captain '' is the traditional title for the commanding officer of a single ship even if the officer 's official title in the service is a lower rank . As an official rank , a commodore typically commands a flotilla or squadron of ships as part of a larger task force or naval fleet commanded by an admiral . A commodore 's ship is typically designated by the flying of a Broad pennant , as opposed to an admiral 's flag . It is often regarded as a one-star rank with a NATO code of OF-6 -LRB- which is known in the U.S. as `` rear admiral -LRB- lower half -RRB- '' -RRB- , but whether it is regarded as a flag rank varies between countries . It is sometimes abbreviated : as `` Cdre '' in British Royal Navy , `` CDRE '' in the US Navy , `` Cmdre '' in the Royal Canadian Navy , `` COMO '' in the Spanish Navy and in some navies speaking the Spanish language , or `` CMDE '' as used in the Indian Navy or in some other Navies . ",
"Schout-bij-nacht -LRB- -LSB- ˈsxʌu̯d bɛi̯ ˈnɑxt -RSB- -RRB- is a Dutch Naval rank , equivalent to rear admiral in the US Navy and Royal Navy . It is the second most junior admiral position of the Dutch Navy , ranking above commandeur -LRB- `` commodore '' -RRB- and below a vice-admiraal -LRB- `` vice admiral '' -RRB- . The rank of schout-bij-nacht originated between the 15th and 16th century . Interpreted as `` watch-at-night '' , the schout-bij-nacht was the officer who supervised the ship when the captain was asleep . In later times the schout-bij-nacht was also the officer who supervised an entire naval squadron , in the absence of a senior admiral , and by the 17th century schout-bij-nacht was the common rank held by the naval commander of a battle fleet 's rear squadron . In the 17th century the navies of Sweden and Denmark-Norway adopted the rank as schoutbynacht and the early Imperial Russian Navy as шаутбенахт -LRB- `` shautbenakht '' -RRB- . In 1724 the Russians , followed in 1771 by both the Swedish navy and the Dano-Norwegian navy changed the name of the rank to counter admiral -LRB- контр-адмирал in Russian , konteramiral in Swedish , kontreadmiral in Danish and Norwegian -RRB- . ",
"Rear Admiral Raydon William Gates -LRB- born 1 January 1952 -RRB- is a retired admiral of the Royal Australian Navy , who is currently the chief executive of Lockheed Martin Australia & New Zealand . ",
"Rear Admiral Jack Raymond Steer , is a retired Royal New Zealand Navy officer , who served as Chief of Navy from 2012 to 2015 . "
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Commodore is ranked above a rear admiral. | Rear_admiral | Rear admiral is a naval commissioned officer rank above that of a commodore and captain , and below that of a vice admiral . It is generally regarded as the lowest of the `` admiral '' ranks , which are also sometimes referred to as `` flag officers '' or `` flag ranks '' . In many navies it is referred to as a two-star rank -LRB- OF-7 -RRB- . It originated from the days of naval sailing squadrons and can trace its origins to the Royal Navy . Each naval squadron would be assigned an admiral as its head , who would command from the centre vessel and direct the activities of the squadron . The admiral would in turn be assisted by a vice admiral , who commanded the lead ships which would bear the brunt of a naval battle . In the rear of the naval squadron , a third admiral would command the remaining ships and , as this section of the squadron was considered to be in the least danger , the admiral in command of the rear would typically be the most junior of the squadron admirals . This has survived into the modern age , with the rank of rear admiral the most-junior of the admiralty ranks of many navies . In some European navies -LRB- e.g. , that of France -RRB- , and in the Canadian Forces ' French rank translations , the rank of rear admiral is known as contre-amiral . In the German Navy the rank is known as Konteradmiral , superior to the flotilla admiral -LRB- Commodore in other navies -RRB- . In the Royal Netherlands Navy , this rank is known as schout-bij-nacht -LRB- lit. : supervisor during night -RRB- , denoting the role junior to the squadron admiral , and fleet admiral . | [
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"Rear admiral is a naval commissioned officer rank above that of a commodore and captain , and below that of a vice admiral . It is generally regarded as the lowest of the `` admiral '' ranks , which are also sometimes referred to as `` flag officers '' or `` flag ranks '' . In many navies it is referred to as a two-star rank -LRB- OF-7 -RRB- . It originated from the days of naval sailing squadrons and can trace its origins to the Royal Navy . Each naval squadron would be assigned an admiral as its head , who would command from the centre vessel and direct the activities of the squadron . The admiral would in turn be assisted by a vice admiral , who commanded the lead ships which would bear the brunt of a naval battle . In the rear of the naval squadron , a third admiral would command the remaining ships and , as this section of the squadron was considered to be in the least danger , the admiral in command of the rear would typically be the most junior of the squadron admirals . This has survived into the modern age , with the rank of rear admiral the most-junior of the admiralty ranks of many navies . In some European navies -LRB- e.g. , that of France -RRB- , and in the Canadian Forces ' French rank translations , the rank of rear admiral is known as contre-amiral . In the German Navy the rank is known as Konteradmiral , superior to the flotilla admiral -LRB- Commodore in other navies -RRB- . In the Royal Netherlands Navy , this rank is known as schout-bij-nacht -LRB- lit. : supervisor during night -RRB- , denoting the role junior to the squadron admiral , and fleet admiral . ",
"Commodore is a naval rank used in many navies that is superior to a navy captain , but below a rear admiral . Non-English-speaking nations often use the rank of flotilla admiral or counter admiral or senior captain as an equivalent , although counter admiral may also correspond to rear admiral . Traditionally , `` commodore '' is the title for any officer assigned to command more than one ship at a time , even temporarily , much as `` captain '' is the traditional title for the commanding officer of a single ship even if the officer 's official title in the service is a lower rank . As an official rank , a commodore typically commands a flotilla or squadron of ships as part of a larger task force or naval fleet commanded by an admiral . A commodore 's ship is typically designated by the flying of a Broad pennant , as opposed to an admiral 's flag . It is often regarded as a one-star rank with a NATO code of OF-6 -LRB- which is known in the U.S. as `` rear admiral -LRB- lower half -RRB- '' -RRB- , but whether it is regarded as a flag rank varies between countries . It is sometimes abbreviated : as `` Cdre '' in British Royal Navy , `` CDRE '' in the US Navy , `` Cmdre '' in the Royal Canadian Navy , `` COMO '' in the Spanish Navy and in some navies speaking the Spanish language , or `` CMDE '' as used in the Indian Navy or in some other Navies . ",
"Schout-bij-nacht -LRB- -LSB- ˈsxʌu̯d bɛi̯ ˈnɑxt -RSB- -RRB- is a Dutch Naval rank , equivalent to rear admiral in the US Navy and Royal Navy . It is the second most junior admiral position of the Dutch Navy , ranking above commandeur -LRB- `` commodore '' -RRB- and below a vice-admiraal -LRB- `` vice admiral '' -RRB- . The rank of schout-bij-nacht originated between the 15th and 16th century . Interpreted as `` watch-at-night '' , the schout-bij-nacht was the officer who supervised the ship when the captain was asleep . In later times the schout-bij-nacht was also the officer who supervised an entire naval squadron , in the absence of a senior admiral , and by the 17th century schout-bij-nacht was the common rank held by the naval commander of a battle fleet 's rear squadron . In the 17th century the navies of Sweden and Denmark-Norway adopted the rank as schoutbynacht and the early Imperial Russian Navy as шаутбенахт -LRB- `` shautbenakht '' -RRB- . In 1724 the Russians , followed in 1771 by both the Swedish navy and the Dano-Norwegian navy changed the name of the rank to counter admiral -LRB- контр-адмирал in Russian , konteramiral in Swedish , kontreadmiral in Danish and Norwegian -RRB- . ",
"Rear Admiral Raydon William Gates -LRB- born 1 January 1952 -RRB- is a retired admiral of the Royal Australian Navy , who is currently the chief executive of Lockheed Martin Australia & New Zealand . ",
"Rear Admiral Jack Raymond Steer , is a retired Royal New Zealand Navy officer , who served as Chief of Navy from 2012 to 2015 . "
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Moscovium is a halogen. | Moscovium is a superheavy synthetic element with symbol Mc and atomic number 115 . It was first synthesized in 2003 by a joint team of Russian and American scientists at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research -LRB- JINR -RRB- in Dubna , Russia . In December 2015 , it was recognized as one of four new elements by the Joint Working Party of international scientific bodies IUPAC and IUPAP . On 28 November 2016 , it was officially named after the Moscow region , which the JINR is situated in . Moscovium is an extremely radioactive element : its most stable known isotope , moscovium-290 , has a half-life of only 0.8 seconds . In the periodic table , it is a p-block transactinide element . It is a member of the 7th period and is placed in group 15 as the heaviest pnictogen , although it has not been confirmed to behave as a heavier homologue of the pnictogen bismuth . Moscovium is calculated to have some properties similar to its lighter homologues , nitrogen , phosphorus , arsenic , antimony , and bismuth , and to be a post-transition metal , although it should also show several major differences from them . About 100 atoms of moscovium have been observed to date , all of which have been shown to have mass numbers from 287 to 290 . | [
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"Moscovium is a superheavy synthetic element with symbol Mc and atomic number 115 . It was first synthesized in 2003 by a joint team of Russian and American scientists at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research -LRB- JINR -RRB- in Dubna , Russia . In December 2015 , it was recognized as one of four new elements by the Joint Working Party of international scientific bodies IUPAC and IUPAP . On 28 November 2016 , it was officially named after the Moscow region , which the JINR is situated in . Moscovium is an extremely radioactive element : its most stable known isotope , moscovium-290 , has a half-life of only 0.8 seconds . In the periodic table , it is a p-block transactinide element . It is a member of the 7th period and is placed in group 15 as the heaviest pnictogen , although it has not been confirmed to behave as a heavier homologue of the pnictogen bismuth . Moscovium is calculated to have some properties similar to its lighter homologues , nitrogen , phosphorus , arsenic , antimony , and bismuth , and to be a post-transition metal , although it should also show several major differences from them . About 100 atoms of moscovium have been observed to date , all of which have been shown to have mass numbers from 287 to 290 . ",
"The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of the chemical elements , ordered by their atomic number -LRB- number of protons -RRB- , electron configurations , and recurring chemical properties . This ordering shows periodic trends , such as elements with similar behaviour in the same column . It also shows four rectangular blocks with some approximately similar chemical properties . In general , within one row -LRB- period -RRB- the elements are metals on the left , and non-metals on the right . The rows of the table are called periods ; the columns are called groups . Six groups have names as well as numbers : for example , group 17 elements are the halogens ; and group 18 , the noble gases . The periodic table can be used to derive relationships between the properties of the elements , and predict the properties of new elements yet to be discovered or synthesized . The periodic table provides a useful framework for analyzing chemical behaviour , and is widely used in chemistry and other sciences . The Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev published the first widely recognized periodic table in 1869 . He developed his table to illustrate periodic trends in the properties of the then-known elements . Mendeleev also predicted some properties of then-unknown elements that would be expected to fill gaps in this table . Most of his predictions were proved correct when the elements in question were subsequently discovered . Mendeleev 's periodic table has since been expanded and refined with the discovery or synthesis of further new elements and the development of new theoretical models to explain chemical behaviour . All elements from atomic numbers 1 -LRB- hydrogen -RRB- to 118 -LRB- oganesson -RRB- have been discovered or synthesized , with the most recent additions -LRB- nihonium , moscovium , tennessine , and oganesson -RRB- being confirmed by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry -LRB- IUPAC -RRB- on December 30 , 2015 and officially named on November 28 , 2016 : they complete the first seven rows of the periodic table . The first 94 elements exist naturally , although some are found only in trace amounts and were synthesized in laboratories before being found in nature . Elements with atomic numbers from 95 to 118 have only been synthesized in laboratories or nuclear reactors . Synthesis of elements having higher atomic numbers is being pursued . Numerous synthetic radionuclides of naturally occurring elements have also been produced in laboratories . ",
"In vector calculus , a vector potential is a vector field whose curl is a given vector field . This is analogous to a scalar potential , which is a scalar field whose gradient is a given vector field . Formally , given a vector field v , a vector potential is a vector A such that ",
"In topology , a coherent topology is a topology that is uniquely determined by a family of subspaces . Loosely speaking , a topological space is coherent with a family of subspaces if it is a topological union of those subspaces . It is also sometimes called the weak topology generated by the family of subspaces , a notion which is quite different from the notion of a weak topology generated by a set of maps . ",
"Hathigadh is a village in Liliya tehsil , Amreli district , Gujarat , India . It has a High school and a Primary school . There is no river in the village , but a reservoir is under construction . There is a temple , Ramji Mandir . The village is surrounded by many big and old trees . The main occupation of the people of the village is farming . Hathigadh has a railway station on the Dhasa -- Rajula line . "
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Hezbollah received a type of training from Iran. | Hezbollah | Hezbollah -LRB- pronounced -LSB- ˌhɛzbəˈlɑː -RSB- حزب الله , literally `` Party of Allah '' or `` Party of God '' -RRB- -- also transliterated Hizbullah , Hizballah , etc. -- is a Shi'a Islamist militant group and political party based in Lebanon . Hezbollah 's paramilitary wing is the Jihad Council , and its political wing is Loyalty to the Resistance Bloc party in the Lebanese parliament . After the death of Abbas al-Musawi in 1992 , the group has been headed by Hassan Nasrallah , its Secretary-General . After the Israeli invasion of Lebanon in 1982 in support of the Free Lebanon State , Israel occupied a strip of south Lebanon , which was controlled by the South Lebanon Army -LRB- SLA -RRB- , a Lebanese Christian militia supported by Israel . Hezbollah was conceived by Muslim clerics and funded by Iran primarily to harass the Israeli occupation . Its leaders were followers of Ayatollah Khomeini , and its forces were trained and organized by a contingent of 1,500 Revolutionary Guards that arrived from Iran with permission from the Syrian government , which was in occupation of Lebanon at the time . Hezbollah 's 1985 manifesto listed its objectives as the expulsion of `` the Americans , the French and their allies definitely from Lebanon , putting an end to any colonialist entity on our land '' , submission of the Phalangists to `` just power '' and bringing them to justice `` for the crimes they have perpetrated against Muslims and Christians '' , and permitting `` all the sons of our people '' to choose the form of government they want , while calling on them to `` pick the option of Islamic government '' . Hezbollah waged a guerilla campaign in South Lebanon and as a result , Israel withdrew from Lebanon on May 24 , 2000 , and SLA collapsed and surrendered . Backed by Iran , Hezbollah fighters fought against Serbian forces during the Bosnian War . Hezbollah 's military strength has grown so significantly that its paramilitary wing is considered more powerful than the Lebanese Army . Hezbollah has been described as a `` state within a state '' , and has grown into an organization with seats in the Lebanese government , a radio and a satellite TV station , social services and large-scale military deployment of fighters beyond Lebanon 's borders . Hezbollah is part of the March 8 Alliance within Lebanon , in opposition to the March 14 Alliance . Hezbollah maintains strong support among Lebanon 's Shi'a population , while Sunnis have disagreed with the group 's agenda . Hezbollah receives military training , weapons , and financial support from Iran , and political support from Syria . Hezbollah and Israel fought each other in the 2006 Lebanon War . After the 2006 -- 08 Lebanese protests and clashes , a national unity government was formed in 2008 , with Hezbollah and its opposition allies obtaining eleven of thirty cabinets seats , which gives them veto power . In August 2008 , Lebanon 's new Cabinet unanimously approved a draft policy statement which recognized Hezbollah 's existence as an armed organization and guarantees its right to `` liberate or recover occupied lands '' -LRB- such as the Shebaa Farms -RRB- . Since 2012 , Hezbollah has helped the Syrian government during the Syrian civil war in its fight against the Syrian opposition , which Hezbollah has described as a Zionist plot and a `` Wahhabi-Zionist conspiracy '' to destroy its alliance with Assad against Israel . It has deployed its militia in both Syria and Iraq to fight or train local forces to fight against ISIS . Once seen as a resistance movement throughout much of the Arab world , this image upon which the group 's legitimacy rested has been severely damaged due to the sectarian nature of the Syrian Civil War in which it has become embroiled . Hezbollah 's status as a legitimate political party , a terrorist group , a resistance movement , or some combination thereof is a contentious issue . The Arab League , United States , France , the Gulf Cooperation Council , Australia , Canada , the Netherlands , and Israel have classified Hezbollah as a terrorist organization . The European Union , New Zealand and the United Kingdom have proscribed Hezbollah 's military wing as a terrorist organization , while making a distinction with Hezbollah 's political wing . Russia considers Hezbollah a legitimate sociopolitical organization . The People 's Republic of China remains neutral , and maintains contacts with Hezbollah . | [
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"Hezbollah -LRB- pronounced -LSB- ˌhɛzbəˈlɑː -RSB- حزب الله , literally `` Party of Allah '' or `` Party of God '' -RRB- -- also transliterated Hizbullah , Hizballah , etc. -- is a Shi'a Islamist militant group and political party based in Lebanon . Hezbollah 's paramilitary wing is the Jihad Council , and its political wing is Loyalty to the Resistance Bloc party in the Lebanese parliament . After the death of Abbas al-Musawi in 1992 , the group has been headed by Hassan Nasrallah , its Secretary-General . After the Israeli invasion of Lebanon in 1982 in support of the Free Lebanon State , Israel occupied a strip of south Lebanon , which was controlled by the South Lebanon Army -LRB- SLA -RRB- , a Lebanese Christian militia supported by Israel . Hezbollah was conceived by Muslim clerics and funded by Iran primarily to harass the Israeli occupation . Its leaders were followers of Ayatollah Khomeini , and its forces were trained and organized by a contingent of 1,500 Revolutionary Guards that arrived from Iran with permission from the Syrian government , which was in occupation of Lebanon at the time . Hezbollah 's 1985 manifesto listed its objectives as the expulsion of `` the Americans , the French and their allies definitely from Lebanon , putting an end to any colonialist entity on our land '' , submission of the Phalangists to `` just power '' and bringing them to justice `` for the crimes they have perpetrated against Muslims and Christians '' , and permitting `` all the sons of our people '' to choose the form of government they want , while calling on them to `` pick the option of Islamic government '' . Hezbollah waged a guerilla campaign in South Lebanon and as a result , Israel withdrew from Lebanon on May 24 , 2000 , and SLA collapsed and surrendered . Backed by Iran , Hezbollah fighters fought against Serbian forces during the Bosnian War . Hezbollah 's military strength has grown so significantly that its paramilitary wing is considered more powerful than the Lebanese Army . Hezbollah has been described as a `` state within a state '' , and has grown into an organization with seats in the Lebanese government , a radio and a satellite TV station , social services and large-scale military deployment of fighters beyond Lebanon 's borders . Hezbollah is part of the March 8 Alliance within Lebanon , in opposition to the March 14 Alliance . Hezbollah maintains strong support among Lebanon 's Shi'a population , while Sunnis have disagreed with the group 's agenda . Hezbollah receives military training , weapons , and financial support from Iran , and political support from Syria . Hezbollah and Israel fought each other in the 2006 Lebanon War . After the 2006 -- 08 Lebanese protests and clashes , a national unity government was formed in 2008 , with Hezbollah and its opposition allies obtaining eleven of thirty cabinets seats , which gives them veto power . In August 2008 , Lebanon 's new Cabinet unanimously approved a draft policy statement which recognized Hezbollah 's existence as an armed organization and guarantees its right to `` liberate or recover occupied lands '' -LRB- such as the Shebaa Farms -RRB- . Since 2012 , Hezbollah has helped the Syrian government during the Syrian civil war in its fight against the Syrian opposition , which Hezbollah has described as a Zionist plot and a `` Wahhabi-Zionist conspiracy '' to destroy its alliance with Assad against Israel . It has deployed its militia in both Syria and Iraq to fight or train local forces to fight against ISIS . Once seen as a resistance movement throughout much of the Arab world , this image upon which the group 's legitimacy rested has been severely damaged due to the sectarian nature of the Syrian Civil War in which it has become embroiled . Hezbollah 's status as a legitimate political party , a terrorist group , a resistance movement , or some combination thereof is a contentious issue . The Arab League , United States , France , the Gulf Cooperation Council , Australia , Canada , the Netherlands , and Israel have classified Hezbollah as a terrorist organization . The European Union , New Zealand and the United Kingdom have proscribed Hezbollah 's military wing as a terrorist organization , while making a distinction with Hezbollah 's political wing . Russia considers Hezbollah a legitimate sociopolitical organization . The People 's Republic of China remains neutral , and maintains contacts with Hezbollah . ",
"Mahabad is a city in northwestern Iran . Mahabad may also refer to : Republic of Mahabad , a short-lived , Kurdish state of the 20th century , officially known as the Republic of Kurdistan Mahabad , Isfahan , a city in Isfahan Province , Iran Mahabad , Kerman , a village in Kerman Province , Iran Mahabad , Razavi Khorasan , a village in Razavi Khorasan Province , Iran Mahabad-e Jadid , a village in Razavi Khorasan Province , Iran Mahabad-e Olya , a village in Razavi Khorasan Province , Iran Mahabad , Tehran , a village in Tehran Province , Iran Mahabad Agricultural Training Camp , in West Azerbaijan Province , Iran Mahabad , Yazd , a city in Yazd Province , Iran Mahabad County , a county in Iran Mahabad -LRB- prophet -RRB- , a pre-Zoroastrian Prophet Mahabad Qaradaghi -LRB- b. 1966 -RRB- , Kurdish writer , poet and translator ",
"German submarine U-1302 was a Type VIIC/41 U-boat of Nazi Germany 's Kriegsmarine for service in World War II . She was commissioned on 25 May 1944 . U-1302 served with 4th U-boat Flotilla for training and later with 11th U-boat Flotilla from 1 January 1945 to 7 March 1945 . U-1302 completed one patrol between February and March 1945 , sinking three ships totalling . ",
"Basic Military Officer Qualification -LRB- BMOQ -RRB- refers to both the basic training course , and the graduation qualification , received by individuals seeking entry as officers to the Canadian Forces . The course is conducted at Canadian Forces Leadership and Recruit School in Saint-Jean , Quebec . The course is 14 weeks long for candidates in the Direct Entry Officer -LRB- DEO -RRB- Plan , and 2 courses of 7 weeks long -LRB- modules 1 and 2 -RRB- for candidates in the Regular Officer Training Plan -LRB- ROTP -RRB- , with an extra week in module 2 for those from civilian universities . In the training regime of the Canadian Forces BMOQ falls within Developmental Period 1 -LRB- DP1 -RRB- , which focuses on the skills and knowledge required for entry level employment and further training . In addition to BMOQ , DP1 includes environmental and occupational qualifications , and second language training as required . After completing DP1 , officers are deemed occupationally employable at an introductory level . Progression to DP 2 occurs when the candidate joins a unit and leaves the Basic Training List . This course is designed to prepare future officers to effectively lead small teams in simple operations in both garrison and austere field conditions . ",
"Charles A. Bigelow -LRB- born July 29 , 1945 in Detroit , Michigan -RRB- is an American type historian , professor , and designer . Bigelow grew up in the Detroit suburbs and attended the Cranbrook School in Bloomfield Hills . He received a MacArthur Fellowship in 1982 , the Frederic W. Goudy Award in 1987 , Sloan Science and Film screenwriting awards in 2001 and 2002 , and other honors . Along with Kris Holmes , he is the co-creator of Lucida and Wingdings font families . He is a principal of the Bigelow and Holmes studio . Bigelow received a BA in anthropology in Reed College was a professor of digital typography at Stanford University from 1982 to 1995 . As president of the Committee on Letterform Research and Education of ATypI , he organized the first international seminar on digital type design : `` The Computer and the Hand in Type Design '' , at Stanford in 1983 . In mid-2006 , Bigelow was appointed to the Melbert B. Cary Distinguished Professorship at Rochester Institute of Technology . At RIT , he co-organized the 2010 international symposium on `` The Future of Reading '' and the 2012 `` Reading Digital '' symposium , in which type designers , publication designers , and vision scientists discussed the present and future of reading on digital devices . He retired from teaching at RIT in 2012 , and is currently Cary Scholar in Residence at the Cary Graphic Arts Collection of the RIT Wallace Center . "
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In states still employing the electric chair to execute people, the prisoner is allowed the choice of lethal injection as an alternative method. | Electric_chair | Execution by electrocution , performed using an electric chair , is a method of execution originating in the United States in which the condemned person is strapped to a specially built wooden chair and electrocuted through electrodes fastened on the head and leg . This execution method , conceived in 1881 by a Buffalo , New York , dentist named Alfred P. Southwick , was developed throughout the 1880s as a humane alternative to hanging and first used in 1890 . This execution method has been used in the United States and , for a period of several decades , in the Philippines -LRB- its first use there in 1924 , last in 1976 -RRB- . Historically , once the condemned person was attached to the chair , various cycles -LRB- differing in voltage and duration -RRB- of alternating current would be passed through the individual 's body , in order to cause fatal damage to the internal organs -LRB- including the brain -RRB- . The first more powerful jolt of electric current was designed to pass through the head and cause immediate unconsciousness and brain death . The second less powerful jolt was designed to cause fatal damage to the vital organs . Death may also be caused by electrical overstimulation of the heart . Although the electric chair has long been a symbol of the death penalty in the United States , its use is in decline due to the rise of lethal injection , which is widely believed to be a more humane method of execution . Although some states still maintain electrocution as a method of execution , today it is only maintained as a secondary method that may be chosen over lethal injection at the request of the prisoner , except in Tennessee where it may be used if the drugs for lethal injection are not available , without input from the prisoner . As of 2014 , electrocution is an optional form of execution in Alabama , Florida , South Carolina and Virginia . They allow the prisoner to choose lethal injection as an alternative method . In the state of Kentucky the electric chair has been retired except for those whose capital crimes were committed prior to March 31 , 1998 , and who choose electrocution ; inmates who do not choose electrocution and inmates who committed their crimes after the designated date are executed by lethal injection . In the state of Tennessee the electric chair is available for use if lethal injection drugs are unavailable , or otherwise if the inmate so chooses if their capital crime was committed before 1999 . The electric chair is an alternate form of execution approved for potential use in Arkansas and Oklahoma if other forms of execution are found unconstitutional in the state at the time of execution . On February 8 , 2008 , the Nebraska Supreme Court determined that execution by electric chair was a `` cruel and unusual punishment '' under the state 's constitution . This brought executions of this type to an end in Nebraska , the only remaining state to retain electrocution as its sole method of execution . | [
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"Execution by electrocution , performed using an electric chair , is a method of execution originating in the United States in which the condemned person is strapped to a specially built wooden chair and electrocuted through electrodes fastened on the head and leg . This execution method , conceived in 1881 by a Buffalo , New York , dentist named Alfred P. Southwick , was developed throughout the 1880s as a humane alternative to hanging and first used in 1890 . This execution method has been used in the United States and , for a period of several decades , in the Philippines -LRB- its first use there in 1924 , last in 1976 -RRB- . Historically , once the condemned person was attached to the chair , various cycles -LRB- differing in voltage and duration -RRB- of alternating current would be passed through the individual 's body , in order to cause fatal damage to the internal organs -LRB- including the brain -RRB- . The first more powerful jolt of electric current was designed to pass through the head and cause immediate unconsciousness and brain death . The second less powerful jolt was designed to cause fatal damage to the vital organs . Death may also be caused by electrical overstimulation of the heart . Although the electric chair has long been a symbol of the death penalty in the United States , its use is in decline due to the rise of lethal injection , which is widely believed to be a more humane method of execution . Although some states still maintain electrocution as a method of execution , today it is only maintained as a secondary method that may be chosen over lethal injection at the request of the prisoner , except in Tennessee where it may be used if the drugs for lethal injection are not available , without input from the prisoner . As of 2014 , electrocution is an optional form of execution in Alabama , Florida , South Carolina and Virginia . They allow the prisoner to choose lethal injection as an alternative method . In the state of Kentucky the electric chair has been retired except for those whose capital crimes were committed prior to March 31 , 1998 , and who choose electrocution ; inmates who do not choose electrocution and inmates who committed their crimes after the designated date are executed by lethal injection . In the state of Tennessee the electric chair is available for use if lethal injection drugs are unavailable , or otherwise if the inmate so chooses if their capital crime was committed before 1999 . The electric chair is an alternate form of execution approved for potential use in Arkansas and Oklahoma if other forms of execution are found unconstitutional in the state at the time of execution . On February 8 , 2008 , the Nebraska Supreme Court determined that execution by electric chair was a `` cruel and unusual punishment '' under the state 's constitution . This brought executions of this type to an end in Nebraska , the only remaining state to retain electrocution as its sole method of execution . ",
"Glossip v. Gross , was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held 5-4 that lethal injections using midazolam do not constitute cruel and unusual punishment under the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution . The Court found that condemned prisoners can only challenge their method of execution after providing a known and available alternative method . ",
"Immobilized enzyme electron spin resonance -LRB- IE-ESR -RRB- is an electron spin resonance technique used to detect short lived radicals generated from enzyme reactions . This method is an alternative to the more commonly used continuous-flow or fast-flow ESR method . ",
"Jug fishing is an unlimited class tackle method of fishing that uses lines suspended from floating jugs to catch fish in lakes or rivers . Often , a large number of jugs are used when jug fishing . In many states , a fisherman could use up to twenty , and jug sets of around twenty are common in practice . Jug fishing is most common in southern states where many different kinds of people jug fish . Jugs are often put out at sunset and picked up at sunrise by the whole family . Jug fishing consists of a simple setup where lines are tied onto jugs and weights can be added to the line to keep the jug 's location fixed . Jug fishing is also subjected to numerous Department of Natural Resources and local water regulations that could include : the number of jugs , dates and times when jug fishing is allowed , and if jug fishing is even allowed . Many fish can be caught on jugs , but the main target of jug fishing is often catfish . ",
"The Silent Way is a language-teaching method created by Caleb Gattegno that makes extensive use of silence as a teaching method . Gattegno introduced the method in 1963 , in his book Teaching Foreign Languages in Schools : The Silent Way . Gattegno was critical of mainstream language education at the time , and he based the method on his general theories of education rather than on existing language pedagogy . It is usually regarded as an `` alternative '' language-teaching method ; Cook groups it under `` other styles '' , Richards groups it under `` alternative approaches and methods '' and Jin & Cortazzi group it under `` Humanistic or Alternative Approaches '' . The method emphasizes learner autonomy and active student participation . Silence is used as a tool to achieve this goal ; the teacher uses a mixture of silence and gestures to focus students ' attention , to elicit responses from them , and to encourage them to correct their own errors . Pronunciation is seen as fundamental to the method , with a great deal of time spent on it each lesson . The Silent Way uses a structural syllabus and concentrates on teaching a small number of functional and versatile words . Translation and rote repetition are avoided , and the language is usually practiced in meaningful contexts . Evaluation is carried out by observation , and the teacher may never set a formal test . One of the hallmarks of the Silent Way is the use of Cuisenaire rods , which can be used for anything from introducing simple commands -LRB- `` Take two red rods and give them to her . '' -RRB- to representing objects such as clocks and floor plans . The method also draws on color associations to help teach pronunciation ; there is a sound-color chart which is used to teach the language sounds , colored word charts which are used for work on sentences , and colored Fidel charts which are used to teach spelling . While the Silent Way is not widely used in its original form , its ideas have been influential , especially in the teaching of pronunciation . "
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In states still employing the electric chair to execute people, the prisoner is allowed the choice of lethal injection as an alternative method. | Capital_punishment | Capital punishment , also known as the death penalty , is a government sanctioned practice whereby a person is put to death by the state as a punishment for a crime . The sentence that someone be punished in such a manner is referred to as a death sentence , whereas the act of carrying out the sentence is known as an execution . Crimes that are punishable by death are known as capital crimes or capital offences , and they commonly include offences such as murder , treason , espionage , war crimes , crimes against humanity and genocide . Etymologically , the term capital -LRB- lit . `` of the head '' , derived via the Latin capitalis from caput , `` head '' -RRB- in this context alluded to execution by beheading . Fifty-six countries retain capital punishment , 103 countries have completely abolished it de jure for all crimes , six have abolished it for ordinary crimes -LRB- while maintaining it for special circumstances such as war crimes -RRB- , and 30 are abolitionist in practice . Capital punishment is a matter of active controversy in various countries and states , and positions can vary within a single political ideology or cultural region . In the European Union , Article 2 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union prohibits the use of capital punishment . Also , the Council of Europe , which has 47 member states , prohibits the use of the death penalty by its members . The United Nations General Assembly has adopted , in 2007 , 2008 , 2010 , 2012 and 2014 , non-binding resolutions calling for a global moratorium on executions , with a view to eventual abolition . Although most nations have abolished capital punishment , over 60 % of the world 's population live in countries where executions take place , such as China , India , the United States and Indonesia . | [
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"Execution by electrocution , performed using an electric chair , is a method of execution originating in the United States in which the condemned person is strapped to a specially built wooden chair and electrocuted through electrodes fastened on the head and leg . This execution method , conceived in 1881 by a Buffalo , New York , dentist named Alfred P. Southwick , was developed throughout the 1880s as a humane alternative to hanging and first used in 1890 . This execution method has been used in the United States and , for a period of several decades , in the Philippines -LRB- its first use there in 1924 , last in 1976 -RRB- . Historically , once the condemned person was attached to the chair , various cycles -LRB- differing in voltage and duration -RRB- of alternating current would be passed through the individual 's body , in order to cause fatal damage to the internal organs -LRB- including the brain -RRB- . The first more powerful jolt of electric current was designed to pass through the head and cause immediate unconsciousness and brain death . The second less powerful jolt was designed to cause fatal damage to the vital organs . Death may also be caused by electrical overstimulation of the heart . Although the electric chair has long been a symbol of the death penalty in the United States , its use is in decline due to the rise of lethal injection , which is widely believed to be a more humane method of execution . Although some states still maintain electrocution as a method of execution , today it is only maintained as a secondary method that may be chosen over lethal injection at the request of the prisoner , except in Tennessee where it may be used if the drugs for lethal injection are not available , without input from the prisoner . As of 2014 , electrocution is an optional form of execution in Alabama , Florida , South Carolina and Virginia . They allow the prisoner to choose lethal injection as an alternative method . In the state of Kentucky the electric chair has been retired except for those whose capital crimes were committed prior to March 31 , 1998 , and who choose electrocution ; inmates who do not choose electrocution and inmates who committed their crimes after the designated date are executed by lethal injection . In the state of Tennessee the electric chair is available for use if lethal injection drugs are unavailable , or otherwise if the inmate so chooses if their capital crime was committed before 1999 . The electric chair is an alternate form of execution approved for potential use in Arkansas and Oklahoma if other forms of execution are found unconstitutional in the state at the time of execution . On February 8 , 2008 , the Nebraska Supreme Court determined that execution by electric chair was a `` cruel and unusual punishment '' under the state 's constitution . This brought executions of this type to an end in Nebraska , the only remaining state to retain electrocution as its sole method of execution . ",
"Glossip v. Gross , was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held 5-4 that lethal injections using midazolam do not constitute cruel and unusual punishment under the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution . The Court found that condemned prisoners can only challenge their method of execution after providing a known and available alternative method . ",
"Immobilized enzyme electron spin resonance -LRB- IE-ESR -RRB- is an electron spin resonance technique used to detect short lived radicals generated from enzyme reactions . This method is an alternative to the more commonly used continuous-flow or fast-flow ESR method . ",
"Jug fishing is an unlimited class tackle method of fishing that uses lines suspended from floating jugs to catch fish in lakes or rivers . Often , a large number of jugs are used when jug fishing . In many states , a fisherman could use up to twenty , and jug sets of around twenty are common in practice . Jug fishing is most common in southern states where many different kinds of people jug fish . Jugs are often put out at sunset and picked up at sunrise by the whole family . Jug fishing consists of a simple setup where lines are tied onto jugs and weights can be added to the line to keep the jug 's location fixed . Jug fishing is also subjected to numerous Department of Natural Resources and local water regulations that could include : the number of jugs , dates and times when jug fishing is allowed , and if jug fishing is even allowed . Many fish can be caught on jugs , but the main target of jug fishing is often catfish . ",
"The Silent Way is a language-teaching method created by Caleb Gattegno that makes extensive use of silence as a teaching method . Gattegno introduced the method in 1963 , in his book Teaching Foreign Languages in Schools : The Silent Way . Gattegno was critical of mainstream language education at the time , and he based the method on his general theories of education rather than on existing language pedagogy . It is usually regarded as an `` alternative '' language-teaching method ; Cook groups it under `` other styles '' , Richards groups it under `` alternative approaches and methods '' and Jin & Cortazzi group it under `` Humanistic or Alternative Approaches '' . The method emphasizes learner autonomy and active student participation . Silence is used as a tool to achieve this goal ; the teacher uses a mixture of silence and gestures to focus students ' attention , to elicit responses from them , and to encourage them to correct their own errors . Pronunciation is seen as fundamental to the method , with a great deal of time spent on it each lesson . The Silent Way uses a structural syllabus and concentrates on teaching a small number of functional and versatile words . Translation and rote repetition are avoided , and the language is usually practiced in meaningful contexts . Evaluation is carried out by observation , and the teacher may never set a formal test . One of the hallmarks of the Silent Way is the use of Cuisenaire rods , which can be used for anything from introducing simple commands -LRB- `` Take two red rods and give them to her . '' -RRB- to representing objects such as clocks and floor plans . The method also draws on color associations to help teach pronunciation ; there is a sound-color chart which is used to teach the language sounds , colored word charts which are used for work on sentences , and colored Fidel charts which are used to teach spelling . While the Silent Way is not widely used in its original form , its ideas have been influential , especially in the teaching of pronunciation . "
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Practical Magic is an American romantic drama film. | Practical Magic is a 1998 American romantic comedy film based on the 1995 novel of the same name by Alice Hoffman . The film was directed by Griffin Dunne and stars Sandra Bullock , Nicole Kidman , Stockard Channing , Dianne Wiest , Aidan Quinn , and Goran Visnjic . The film score was composed by Alan Silvestri . Bullock and Kidman play sisters Sally and Gillian Owens , who have always known they were different from each other . Raised by their aunts after their parents ' death , the sisters grew up in a household that was anything but typical -- their aunts fed them chocolate cake for breakfast and taught them the uses of practical magic . But the invocation of the Owens ' sorcery also carries a price -- some call it a curse : the men they fall in love with are doomed to an untimely death . Now adult women with very different personalities , the quiet Sally and the fiery Gillian must use all of their powers to fight the family curse and a swarm of supernatural forces that could take away all the Owens ' lives . | [
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"Alice Hoffman -LRB- born March 16 , 1952 -RRB- is an American novelist and young-adult and children 's writer , best known for her 1995 novel Practical Magic , which was adapted for a 1998 film of the same name . Many of her works fall into the genre of magic realism and contain elements of magic , irony , and non-standard romances and relationships . ",
"Practical Magic is a 1998 American romantic comedy film based on the 1995 novel of the same name by Alice Hoffman . The film was directed by Griffin Dunne and stars Sandra Bullock , Nicole Kidman , Stockard Channing , Dianne Wiest , Aidan Quinn , and Goran Visnjic . The film score was composed by Alan Silvestri . Bullock and Kidman play sisters Sally and Gillian Owens , who have always known they were different from each other . Raised by their aunts after their parents ' death , the sisters grew up in a household that was anything but typical -- their aunts fed them chocolate cake for breakfast and taught them the uses of practical magic . But the invocation of the Owens ' sorcery also carries a price -- some call it a curse : the men they fall in love with are doomed to an untimely death . Now adult women with very different personalities , the quiet Sally and the fiery Gillian must use all of their powers to fight the family curse and a swarm of supernatural forces that could take away all the Owens ' lives . ",
"Blind Alleys is a 1927 American silent romantic drama film directed by Frank Tuttle and starring Evelyn Brent . ",
"Love Letters is a 1984 American romantic drama film starring Jamie Lee Curtis . The film is directed by Amy Holden Jones which Roger Corman agreed to finance following her success with The Slumber Party Massacre -LRB- 1982 -RRB- . ",
"The Cobbler is a 2014 American magic realism comedy-drama film directed by Tom McCarthy and co-written by McCarthy with Paul Sado . The film stars Adam Sandler , Dan Stevens , Dustin Hoffman and Steve Buscemi . It was screened in the Special Presentations section at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival . The film was released on March 13 , 2015 , by Image Entertainment . The film was panned by critics and was a box office bomb . "
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Corsica belongs to Italy. | Corsica | Corsica -LRB- -LSB- ˈkɔrsɪkə -RSB- Corse -LSB- kɔʁs -RSB- Corsican and Italian : Corsica -LSB- ˈkɔrsika -RSB- -RRB- is an island in the Mediterranean Sea and one of the 13 regions of France . It is located west of the Italian Peninsula , southeast of the French mainland , and north of the Italian island of Sardinia . A single chain of mountains makes up two-thirds of the island . While being part of France , Corsica is also designated as a territorial collectivity -LRB- collectivité territoriale -RRB- by law . As a territorial collectivity , Corsica enjoys a greater degree of autonomy than other French regions ; for example , the Corsican Assembly is able to exercise limited executive powers . The island formed a single department until it was split in 1975 into two departments : Haute-Corse -LRB- Upper Corsica -RRB- and Corse-du-Sud -LRB- Southern Corsica -RRB- , with its regional capital in Ajaccio , the prefecture city of Corse-du-Sud . Bastia , the prefecture city of Haute-Corse , is the second-largest settlement in Corsica . After being ruled by the Republic of Genoa since 1284 , Corsica was briefly an independent Corsican Republic from 1755 until it was conquered by France in 1769 . Due to Corsica 's historical ties with the Italian peninsula , the island retains to this day many elements of the culture of Italy . The native Corsican language , whose northern variant is closely related to the Italian language , is recognised as a regional language by the French government . This Mediterranean island was ruled by various nations over the course of history but had several brief periods of independence . Napoleon was born in 1769 in the Corsican capital of Ajaccio . His ancestral home , Maison Bonaparte , is today used as a museum . | [
"Anatolidion",
"Corsica",
"Haute-Corse",
"Hellinsia_inulae",
"Gritulu"
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"Anatolidion is a genus of spiders in the family Theridiidae -LRB- tangle-web spiders -RRB- . Its only species is Anatolidion gentile , found in Corsica , Italy , Macedonia , Greece , Turkey , Morocco and Algeria . ",
"Corsica -LRB- -LSB- ˈkɔrsɪkə -RSB- Corse -LSB- kɔʁs -RSB- Corsican and Italian : Corsica -LSB- ˈkɔrsika -RSB- -RRB- is an island in the Mediterranean Sea and one of the 13 regions of France . It is located west of the Italian Peninsula , southeast of the French mainland , and north of the Italian island of Sardinia . A single chain of mountains makes up two-thirds of the island . While being part of France , Corsica is also designated as a territorial collectivity -LRB- collectivité territoriale -RRB- by law . As a territorial collectivity , Corsica enjoys a greater degree of autonomy than other French regions ; for example , the Corsican Assembly is able to exercise limited executive powers . The island formed a single department until it was split in 1975 into two departments : Haute-Corse -LRB- Upper Corsica -RRB- and Corse-du-Sud -LRB- Southern Corsica -RRB- , with its regional capital in Ajaccio , the prefecture city of Corse-du-Sud . Bastia , the prefecture city of Haute-Corse , is the second-largest settlement in Corsica . After being ruled by the Republic of Genoa since 1284 , Corsica was briefly an independent Corsican Republic from 1755 until it was conquered by France in 1769 . Due to Corsica 's historical ties with the Italian peninsula , the island retains to this day many elements of the culture of Italy . The native Corsican language , whose northern variant is closely related to the Italian language , is recognised as a regional language by the French government . This Mediterranean island was ruled by various nations over the course of history but had several brief periods of independence . Napoleon was born in 1769 in the Corsican capital of Ajaccio . His ancestral home , Maison Bonaparte , is today used as a museum . ",
"Haute-Corse -LRB- -LSB- ot.kɔʁs -RSB- ; Corsica suprana -RRB- -LRB- Upper Corsica -RRB- is a department of France consisting of the northern part of the island of Corsica . ",
"Hellinsia inulae is a moth of the Pterophoridae family . It is found on the Canary Islands , Iberian Peninsula , Corsica , Sardinia , Sicily , Cyprus and in Germany , Austria , Italy , the Czech Republic , Poland , Slovakia , Hungary , Croatia , Romania , Bulgaria , Bosnia and Herzegovina , the Republic of Macedonia , Greece , Russia , North Africa and Asia Minor . The wingspan is 18 - . The larvae feed on Inula britannica , Inula salicina , Inula viscosa and Dittrichia viscosa . ",
"Gritulu is an archaeological site in Corsica . It is located in the commune of Luri , Haute-Corse . Category : Archaeological sites in Corsica "
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Ice-T refused to ever make hip-hop music. | Ice-T | Tracy Lauren Marrow -LRB- born February 16 , 1958 -RRB- , better known by his stage name Ice-T , is an American rapper , metal vocalist and actor . He began his career as a rapper in the 1980s and was signed to Sire Records in 1987 , when he released his debut album Rhyme Pays , one of the first hip-hop albums to carry an explicit content sticker . The next year , he founded the record label Rhyme $ yndicate Records -LRB- named after his collective of fellow hip-hop artists called the ` Rhyme $ yndicate ' -RRB- and released another album , Power . He co-founded the heavy metal band Body Count , which he introduced in his 1991 album O.G. : Original Gangster . Body Count released its self-titled debut album in 1992 . Ice-T encountered controversy over his track `` Cop Killer '' , which was perceived to glamorize killing police officers . Ice-T asked to be released from his contract with Warner Bros. . Records , and his next solo album , Home Invasion , was released later in February 1993 through Priority Records . Body Count 's next album was released in 1994 , and Ice-T released two more albums in the late 1990s . Since 2000 , he has portrayed NYPD Detective/Sergeant Odafin Tutuola on the NBC police drama Law & Order : Special Victims Unit . On August 1 , 2006 the fourth Body Count album Murder 4 Hire was released , then Manslaughter on June 10 , 2014 and followed by Bloodlust on March 31st , 2017 . | [
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"Japanese hip hop -LRB- or J-hip hop -RRB- is said to have begun when Hiroshi Fujiwara returned to Japan and started playing hip hop records in the early 1980s . Japanese hip hop generally tends to be most directly influenced by old school hip hop , taking from the era 's catchy beats , dance culture , and overall fun and carefree nature and incorporating it into their music . As a result , hip hop stands as one of the most commercially viable mainstream music genres in Japan , and the line between it and pop music is frequently blurred . ",
"Hip hop is a subculture and art movement developed by African-Americans and Latinos from the South Bronx in New York City during the late 1970s . While people unfamiliar with hip hop culture often use the expression `` hip hop '' to refer exclusively to hip hop music -LRB- also called `` rap '' -RRB- , hip hop is characterized by anywhere from four to nine distinct elements or expressive realms , of which hip hop music is only one element . DJ Afrika Bambaataa of the hip hop collective Zulu Nation outlined the pillars of hip hop culture , coining the terms : `` rapping '' -LRB- also called MCing or emceeing -RRB- , a rhythmic vocal rhyming style -LRB- orality -RRB- ; DJing -LRB- and turntablism -RRB- , which is making music with record players and DJ mixers -LRB- aural/sound and music creation -RRB- ; b-boying/b-girling/breakdancing -LRB- movement/dance -RRB- ; and graffiti art , which he called `` aerosol writin ' '' -LRB- visual art -RRB- . Other elements of the hip hop subculture and arts movement beyond the main four are : hip hop culture and historical knowledge of the movement -LRB- intellectual/philosophical -RRB- ; beatboxing , a percussive vocal style ; street entrepreneurship ; African-American language and slang ; and hip hop fashion and style , among others . The South Bronx hip hop scene emerged in the 1970s from neighbourhood block parties thrown by the Ghetto Brothers , a Puerto Rican group that has been described as being a gang , a club , and a music group . Members of the scene plugged in the amplifiers for their instruments and PA speakers into the lampposts on 163rd Street and Prospect Avenue and used their live music events to break down racial barriers between African-Americans , Puerto Ricans and other ethnic groups . Jamaican immigrant DJ Kool Herc also played a key role in developing hip hop music . At 1520 Sedgwick Avenue , Herc mixed samples of existing records and DJed percussion `` breaks '' , mixing this music with his own Jamaican-style `` toasting '' -LRB- a style of chanting and boastful talking over a microphone -RRB- to rev up the crowd and dancers . Kool Herc is credited as the `` father '' of hip hop for developing the key DJ techniques that , along with rapping , founded the hip hop music style by creating rhythmic beats by looping `` breaks '' -LRB- small portions of songs emphasizing a percussive pattern -RRB- on two turntables . This was later accompanied by `` rapping '' or `` MCing '' , a rhythmic style of chanting or speaking poetry/lyrics , and beatboxing , a percussive vocal technique used to create beats to go along with an MC or rappers ' rhymes . An original form of dancing called breakdancing , which later became accompanied by popping , locking and other dance moves , which was done to the accompaniment of hip hop songs played on boom boxes and particular styles of hip hop dress and hair also developed . Art historian Robert Farris Thompson describes the youth from the South Bronx in the early 1970s as `` English-speaking blacks from Barbados '' like Grandmaster Flash , `` black Jamaicans '' like DJ Kool Herc who introduced the rhythms from Salsa -LRB- music -RRB- , as well as Afro conga and bongo drums , as well as many who emulated the sounds of Tito Puente and Willie Colón . These youths mixed these influences with existing musical styles associated with African Americans prior to the 1970s , from jazz to funk . Hip hop music became popular outside of the African-American community in the late 1980s , with the mainstream commercial success of gangsta rap . Critic Greg Tate described the hip hop movement as `` the only avant-garde still around , still delivering -LSB- a -RSB- shock '' of newness to the wealthy bourgeoisie . Ronald Savage , known by the nickname Bee-Stinger , who was a former member of the Zulu Nation , carved the term `` Six elements of the Hip Hop Movement '' . The `` Six Elements of the Hip Hop Movement '' are : Consciousness Awareness , Civil Rights Awareness , Activism Awareness , Justice , Political Awareness , and Community Awareness in music . Ronald Savage is known as the Son of The Hip Hop Movement . Hip Is The Culture and Hop is The Movement Hip hop culture has spread to both urban and suburban communities throughout the United States and subsequently the world . These elements were adapted and developed considerably , particularly as the art forms spread to new continents and merged with local styles in the 1990s and subsequent decades . Even as the movement continues to expand globally and explore myriad styles and art forms , including hip hop theater and hip hop film , the four foundational elements provide coherence and a strong foundation for hip hop culture . Hip hop is simultaneously a new and old phenomenon ; the importance of sampling tracks , beats and basslines from old records to the art form means that much of the culture has revolved around the idea of updating classic recordings , attitudes , and experiences for modern audiences . Sampling older culture and re-using it in a new context or a new format is called `` flipping '' in hip hop culture . Hip hop music follows in the footsteps of earlier African-American-rooted musical genres such as blues , jazz , rag-time , funk , and disco to become one of the most practiced genres worldwide . In the 2000s , with the rise of new media platforms and Web 2.0 , fans discovered and downloaded or streamed hip hop music through social networking sites -LRB- SNS -RRB- beginning with Myspace , as well as from websites like YouTube , Worldstarhiphop , SoundCloud , and Spotify . ",
"Tracy Lauren Marrow -LRB- born February 16 , 1958 -RRB- , better known by his stage name Ice-T , is an American rapper , metal vocalist and actor . He began his career as a rapper in the 1980s and was signed to Sire Records in 1987 , when he released his debut album Rhyme Pays , one of the first hip-hop albums to carry an explicit content sticker . The next year , he founded the record label Rhyme $ yndicate Records -LRB- named after his collective of fellow hip-hop artists called the ` Rhyme $ yndicate ' -RRB- and released another album , Power . He co-founded the heavy metal band Body Count , which he introduced in his 1991 album O.G. : Original Gangster . Body Count released its self-titled debut album in 1992 . Ice-T encountered controversy over his track `` Cop Killer '' , which was perceived to glamorize killing police officers . Ice-T asked to be released from his contract with Warner Bros. . Records , and his next solo album , Home Invasion , was released later in February 1993 through Priority Records . Body Count 's next album was released in 1994 , and Ice-T released two more albums in the late 1990s . Since 2000 , he has portrayed NYPD Detective/Sergeant Odafin Tutuola on the NBC police drama Law & Order : Special Victims Unit . On August 1 , 2006 the fourth Body Count album Murder 4 Hire was released , then Manslaughter on June 10 , 2014 and followed by Bloodlust on March 31st , 2017 . ",
"Terrence LeVarr Thornton -LRB- born May 13 , 1977 -RRB- , better known by his stage name Pusha T , is an American rapper . He initially gained major recognition as one-half of hip hop duo Clipse , alongside his brother Gene `` No Malice '' Thornton , with whom he founded Re-Up Records . In September 2010 , Thornton announced his signing to Kanye West 's GOOD Music imprint , under the aegis of Def Jam Recordings . In March 2011 , he released his first solo project , a mixtape titled Fear of God . Thornton released his debut solo album My Name Is My Name , in October 2013 . In November 2015 , Kanye West appointed Pusha T to take over his role as president of GOOD Music . ",
"Hip-hop based education -LRB- HHBE -RRB- refers to the use of hip-hop , especially rap songs and lyrics , as curricular resources . Integrating hip-hop into academic curriculum gives youth more interest in education and promotes literacy . HHBE advocates believe that hip-hop can be used in classrooms to inspire youth to be agents of social and political . Bringing hip-hop in to educational environment to connect with today 's youth is becoming a popular approach that some teachers are deciding to take . The implementation of hip-hop into curriculum promotes cultural relevance to youth of color , affirmation of urban identities , and deeper learning through connection with something relevant to youth . "
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The Gettysburg Address is a speech. | Gettysburg_Address | The Gettysburg Address is a speech by U.S. President Abraham Lincoln , one of the best-known in American history . It was delivered by Lincoln during the American Civil War , on the afternoon of Thursday , November 19 , 1863 , at the dedication of the Soldiers ' National Cemetery in Gettysburg , Pennsylvania , four and a half months after the Union armies defeated those of the Confederacy at the Battle of Gettysburg . Abraham Lincoln 's carefully crafted address , secondary to other presentations that day , was one of the greatest and most influential statements of national purpose . In just over two minutes , Lincoln reiterated the principles of human equality espoused by the Declaration of Independence and proclaimed the Civil War as a struggle for the preservation of the Union sundered by the secession crisis , with `` a new birth of freedom '' that would bring true equality to all of its citizens . Lincoln also redefined the Civil War as a struggle not just for the Union , but also for the principle of human equality . Beginning with the now-iconic phrase `` Four score and seven years ago '' -- referring to the United States Declaration of Independence in 1776 -- Lincoln examined the founding principles of the United States as stated in the Declaration of Independence . In the context of the Civil War , Lincoln also memorialized the sacrifices of those who gave their lives at Gettysburg and extolled virtues for the listeners -LRB- and the nation -RRB- to ensure the survival of America 's representative democracy : that `` government of the people , by the people , for the people , shall not perish from the earth . '' Despite the speech 's prominent place in the history and popular culture of the United States , the exact wording and location of the speech are disputed . The five known manuscripts of the Gettysburg Address in Lincoln 's hand differ in a number of details , and also differ from contemporary newspaper reprints of the speech . Modern scholarship locates the speakers ' platform 40 yards -LRB- or more -RRB- away from the Traditional Site within Soldiers ' National Cemetery at the Soldiers ' National Monument and entirely within private , adjacent Evergreen Cemetery . | [
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"William_H._Tipton",
"Emmor_Cope",
"Greenmount,_Pennsylvania"
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"The Gettysburg Address is a speech by U.S. President Abraham Lincoln , one of the best-known in American history . It was delivered by Lincoln during the American Civil War , on the afternoon of Thursday , November 19 , 1863 , at the dedication of the Soldiers ' National Cemetery in Gettysburg , Pennsylvania , four and a half months after the Union armies defeated those of the Confederacy at the Battle of Gettysburg . Abraham Lincoln 's carefully crafted address , secondary to other presentations that day , was one of the greatest and most influential statements of national purpose . In just over two minutes , Lincoln reiterated the principles of human equality espoused by the Declaration of Independence and proclaimed the Civil War as a struggle for the preservation of the Union sundered by the secession crisis , with `` a new birth of freedom '' that would bring true equality to all of its citizens . Lincoln also redefined the Civil War as a struggle not just for the Union , but also for the principle of human equality . Beginning with the now-iconic phrase `` Four score and seven years ago '' -- referring to the United States Declaration of Independence in 1776 -- Lincoln examined the founding principles of the United States as stated in the Declaration of Independence . In the context of the Civil War , Lincoln also memorialized the sacrifices of those who gave their lives at Gettysburg and extolled virtues for the listeners -LRB- and the nation -RRB- to ensure the survival of America 's representative democracy : that `` government of the people , by the people , for the people , shall not perish from the earth . '' Despite the speech 's prominent place in the history and popular culture of the United States , the exact wording and location of the speech are disputed . The five known manuscripts of the Gettysburg Address in Lincoln 's hand differ in a number of details , and also differ from contemporary newspaper reprints of the speech . Modern scholarship locates the speakers ' platform 40 yards -LRB- or more -RRB- away from the Traditional Site within Soldiers ' National Cemetery at the Soldiers ' National Monument and entirely within private , adjacent Evergreen Cemetery . ",
"By the People is a 2005 Malayalam movie sequel to the film 4 the People . By the People may also refer to : A Gettysburg Address phrase : `` government of the people , by the people , for the people '' By the People : The Election of Barack Obama , a documentary on the election on Barack Obama to the presidency of the United States ",
"William H. Tipton -LRB- August 5 , 1850 -- September 20 , 1929 -RRB- was a noted American photographer of the second half of the 19th century , most noted for his extensive early photography of the Gettysburg Battlefield and the borough of Gettysburg , Pennsylvania . Tipton was born in Gettysburg . He studied photography as the apprentice of Charles and Isaac Tyson , who were among the earliest Gettysburg photographers . In 1868 , Tipton purchased much of assets of the Tyson studio and went into business for himself . He became quite popular as an outdoor portrait photographer , taking thousands of photographs of visitors to the Gettysburg battlefield , where he established Tipton Park . By 1888 , he had produced an estimated 5,000 views of the battlefield of Gettysburg and more than 100,000 portraits . He eventually became one of America 's best known photographers , but images of Civil War battlefields remained a mainstay , including Antietam and Harpers Ferry . He is interred in Evergreen Cemetery in Gettysburg . ",
"Emmor Cope was an American Civil War officer of the Union Army noted for the `` Map of the Battlefield of Gettysburg from the original survey made August to October , 1863 '' which he researched by horseback as a Sergeant after being ordered back to Gettysburg by Maj. Gen. George G. Meade . Cope is also noted for commemorative era battlefield administration and designs -- including the layout of the 1913 Gettysburg reunion . Cope had enlisted as a Private of Company A , 30th Pennsylvania Infantry -LRB- `` First Pennsylvania Reserves '' -RRB- , served as an artillery corporal , and mustered out as a V Corps aide-de-camp of Maj Gen Gouverneur K. Warren . On July 17 , 1893 , Cope was appointed the `` Topographical Engineer '' of the Gettysburg National Park Commission -LRB- established for `` ascertaining the extent of ... the trolley '' -RRB- and oversaw the 1893-5 battlefield survey with benchmark at the Gettysburg center square . By 1904 , Cope was the first park superintendent and , after the commission became defunct in March 1922 when the last commissioner died , became the battlefield head through the remainder of the commemorative era of the Gettysburg National Military Park . Cope 's designs include structures -LRB- e.g. , the original park `` gateway '' -RRB- , markers -LRB- 1908 GNMP bronze tablet/granite monolith -RRB- , buildings -LRB- the 1903 Roller and Storage Building -RRB- , roads -LRB- Cross , Brooke , and De Trobriand avenues -RRB- , and the observation tower at Gettysburg and Valley Forge . He oversaw the development of post-war maps drawn by GNPC cartographer Schuyler A. Hammond , as well as a 14 ft wooden relief map of the battlefield by J. C. Wierman for the 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition -LRB- on display at the Gettysburg Museum and Visitor Center -RRB- . Emmor Cope is buried with his wife along the outside of the Gettysburg National Cemetery fence near the New York State Memorial , and had a daughter and son : https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=fs49AAAAIBAJ&sjid=ODcMAAAAIBAJ&pg=6087,4438404&dq=wible+switch+gettysburg&hl=en Jean Wible , -RSB- John B. Cope -LRB- 1877-1903 -RRB- . Cope 's 1996 biography is If You Seek His Monument - Look Around : E.B. Cope and the Gettysburg National Military Park . ",
"Greenmount is a populated place in Adams County , Pennsylvania , United States . It is located southwest of the Gettysburg Battlefield , at Marsh Creek along the Emmitsburg Road -LRB- U.S. Route 15 Business -RRB- , in Cumberland Township . Neighboring communities are Fairfield -LRB- west -RRB- , Gettysburg -LRB- north -RRB- , Round Top -LRB- northeast -RRB- , Barlow -LRB- east -RRB- , Harney , Maryland -LRB- southeast -RRB- , and Fairplay -LRB- south -RRB- . "
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Jason Bourne removed Riz Ahmed from the movie's cast. | Jason_Bourne_-LRB-film-RRB- | Jason Bourne is a 2016 American action thriller film directed by Paul Greengrass written by Greengrass and Christopher Rouse . In this fifth installment of the Jason Bourne film series and direct sequel to 2007 's The Bourne Ultimatum , Matt Damon reprises his role as the main character , former CIA assassin and psychogenic amnesiac Jason Bourne . In the film , Bourne remains on the run from CIA hit squads as he tries to uncover hidden truths about his father . CIA director Robert Dewey -LRB- Tommy Lee Jones -RRB- orders the CIA head of cyber-security Heather Lee -LRB- Alicia Vikander -RRB- to hunt him down . Julia Stiles , Vincent Cassel , Riz Ahmed , Ato Essandoh and Scott Shepherd also star . Principal photography on the film commenced on September 8 , 2015 . The film premiered in London on July 11 , 2016 , and was theatrically released in the United States on July 29 , 2016 , by Universal Pictures . The film received mixed reviews from critics but was a box office success , grossing $ 415 million worldwide . | [
"Jason_Bourne_-LRB-film-RRB-",
"Riz_Ahmed",
"Swet_Shop_Boys",
"Bourne_and_Sleaford_Railway",
"Ahmed_Abdelrahman"
] | [
"Jason Bourne is a 2016 American action thriller film directed by Paul Greengrass written by Greengrass and Christopher Rouse . In this fifth installment of the Jason Bourne film series and direct sequel to 2007 's The Bourne Ultimatum , Matt Damon reprises his role as the main character , former CIA assassin and psychogenic amnesiac Jason Bourne . In the film , Bourne remains on the run from CIA hit squads as he tries to uncover hidden truths about his father . CIA director Robert Dewey -LRB- Tommy Lee Jones -RRB- orders the CIA head of cyber-security Heather Lee -LRB- Alicia Vikander -RRB- to hunt him down . Julia Stiles , Vincent Cassel , Riz Ahmed , Ato Essandoh and Scott Shepherd also star . Principal photography on the film commenced on September 8 , 2015 . The film premiered in London on July 11 , 2016 , and was theatrically released in the United States on July 29 , 2016 , by Universal Pictures . The film received mixed reviews from critics but was a box office success , grossing $ 415 million worldwide . ",
"Rizwan Ahmed -LRB- -LSB- ; born 1 December 1982 -RRB- , also known as Riz MC , is a British actor and rapper of Pakistani descent . As an actor , he was initially known for his work in independent films such as The Road to Guantanamo , Shifty , Four Lions , Trishna , and Ill Manors , before his breakout role in Nightcrawler . Since then , he has appeared in the films Una , Jason Bourne , and the first Star Wars Anthology film , Rogue One . He also starred in the HBO miniseries The Night Of as Nasir Khan ; the show and his performance were critically lauded , earning him Golden Globe and SAG nominations . He appeared on TIME magazine 's The Most Influential People of 2017 list . As a rapper , he is a member of the Swet Shop Boys . ",
"Swet Shop Boys is an Indian-American/British-Pakistani hip hop group , consisting of rappers Heems and Riz MC , with producer Redinho . ",
"The Bourne and Sleaford Railway was an 18 mi Great Northern Railway built single-track branch railway line that ran between Bourne , on the Midland and Great Northern Joint Railway main line between the Midlands and the Norfolk Coast , to Sleaford , on the Peterborough to Lincoln Line via four intermediate stations : , , , and . ",
"Ahmed Abdelrahman may refer to : Ahmed Abdelrahman -LRB- footballer -RRB- -LRB- born 1987 -RRB- , Egyptian football midfielder Ahmed Abdelrahman -LRB- handballer -RRB- -LRB- born 1984 -RRB- , Egyptian handball player "
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Ron Dennis is unemployed. | Ron_Dennis | Ronald Dennis CBE -LRB- born 1 June 1947 -RRB- is a British businessman and Official British Business Ambassador for The United Kingdom . Dennis is the Global Consultant for Minsheng Investment Corporation and also owner of Absolute Taste . He is best known for his former role as owner , CEO , chairman and founder of McLaren Technology Group . Dennis was removed from his McLaren management roles in 2016 but remains a director of the company and a 25 % shareholder . Between 1981 and 2009 , Dennis was the team principal of the McLaren Formula One team , and was instrumental in transforming the outfit into a regular world championship contender . Constructors ' and drivers ' world championships were won with Niki Lauda , Alain Prost , Ayrton Senna , Mika Häkkinen and Lewis Hamilton . After being handed a three-page business plan by a chef for his Formula One team , he set up a catering company , Absolute Taste , today retaining 55 % of the company . In January 2007 , Dennis sold half of his 30 percent shareholding in the McLaren Group to the Bahrain Mumtalakat Holding Company , leaving him with a 15 percent share . In 2009 , Dennis , together with co-owners Mansour Ojjeh 's TAG Group and the Bahraini Mumtalakat Holding Company , bought back Daimler AG 's 40 per cent shareholding in a deal that was concluded in 2011 . As of January 2014 , Mumtalakat hold 50 percent of the Group 's shares , with Dennis and Mansour Ojjeh holding 25 percent each . Ron Dennis was placed at number 648 in the Sunday Times Rich List 2006 with a net worth of # 90 million , however The Times put his wealth at # 200 million in 2009 . In the Sunday Times Rich List 2011 , Dennis ' net worth is estimated to be # 177m . In April 2014 , it was stated he had a net worth of approx . # 300m -LRB- $ 513m -RRB- . His net worth grew in 2014 when he purchased McLaren Group . Aside from McLaren Group , he is also one of six British business persons to be an official British Business Ambassador for advanced engineering and manufacturing . Dennis is also a main trustee for Tommy 's , a miscarriage help charity . He is the Global Consultant for the state owned China Minsheng Investment Group and also the chairman for the UK Summit . With interests in foreign trade , Dennis also became Chairman of the British East Asian Council in 2014 . Before the merger with Louis Vuitton , Dennis was a major shareholder in the luxury watch maker TAG Heuer , along with his business partner , Mansour Ojjeh . In December 2014 , he attempted to purchase 50 % of McLaren Technology Company from Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa and Ojjeh , after shareholder relations worsened , but the investment deals Dennis had arranged failed to materialise and the shareholding structure remained as before . Dennis tried to purchase the company again in October 2016 , with an estimated bid of 1.7 bn , but Ojjeh and Mumtalakat wanted Dennis out , refusing his bid and consequently in November 2016 , Ojjeh and Mumtalakat placed Dennis on ` gardening leave ' for two months , and will not have his contract renewed in January 2017 when it expires . He remains 25 % shareholder of McLaren Technology Group as well as retaining his ` company director ' role , and 11 % shareholder of McLaren Automotive , as well as is role there as Chairman and ` company director . | [
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"Absolute Taste , is a London-based catering company . Lyndy Redding is its managing director . It had # 20m annual turnover in 2008 . It runs projects with Gordon Ramsay Holdings -LRB- GRH -RRB- , McLaren Group , and fleets of private jets . It runs five cafés and restaurants and caters for private parties . Absolute Taste 's most notable venue is the McLaren Technology Centre , where Absolute Taste 's owner , Ron Dennis ' company is based . ",
"Ronald Dennis CBE -LRB- born 1 June 1947 -RRB- is a British businessman and Official British Business Ambassador for The United Kingdom . Dennis is the Global Consultant for Minsheng Investment Corporation and also owner of Absolute Taste . He is best known for his former role as owner , CEO , chairman and founder of McLaren Technology Group . Dennis was removed from his McLaren management roles in 2016 but remains a director of the company and a 25 % shareholder . Between 1981 and 2009 , Dennis was the team principal of the McLaren Formula One team , and was instrumental in transforming the outfit into a regular world championship contender . Constructors ' and drivers ' world championships were won with Niki Lauda , Alain Prost , Ayrton Senna , Mika Häkkinen and Lewis Hamilton . After being handed a three-page business plan by a chef for his Formula One team , he set up a catering company , Absolute Taste , today retaining 55 % of the company . In January 2007 , Dennis sold half of his 30 percent shareholding in the McLaren Group to the Bahrain Mumtalakat Holding Company , leaving him with a 15 percent share . In 2009 , Dennis , together with co-owners Mansour Ojjeh 's TAG Group and the Bahraini Mumtalakat Holding Company , bought back Daimler AG 's 40 per cent shareholding in a deal that was concluded in 2011 . As of January 2014 , Mumtalakat hold 50 percent of the Group 's shares , with Dennis and Mansour Ojjeh holding 25 percent each . Ron Dennis was placed at number 648 in the Sunday Times Rich List 2006 with a net worth of # 90 million , however The Times put his wealth at # 200 million in 2009 . In the Sunday Times Rich List 2011 , Dennis ' net worth is estimated to be # 177m . In April 2014 , it was stated he had a net worth of approx . # 300m -LRB- $ 513m -RRB- . His net worth grew in 2014 when he purchased McLaren Group . Aside from McLaren Group , he is also one of six British business persons to be an official British Business Ambassador for advanced engineering and manufacturing . Dennis is also a main trustee for Tommy 's , a miscarriage help charity . He is the Global Consultant for the state owned China Minsheng Investment Group and also the chairman for the UK Summit . With interests in foreign trade , Dennis also became Chairman of the British East Asian Council in 2014 . Before the merger with Louis Vuitton , Dennis was a major shareholder in the luxury watch maker TAG Heuer , along with his business partner , Mansour Ojjeh . In December 2014 , he attempted to purchase 50 % of McLaren Technology Company from Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa and Ojjeh , after shareholder relations worsened , but the investment deals Dennis had arranged failed to materialise and the shareholding structure remained as before . Dennis tried to purchase the company again in October 2016 , with an estimated bid of 1.7 bn , but Ojjeh and Mumtalakat wanted Dennis out , refusing his bid and consequently in November 2016 , Ojjeh and Mumtalakat placed Dennis on ` gardening leave ' for two months , and will not have his contract renewed in January 2017 when it expires . He remains 25 % shareholder of McLaren Technology Group as well as retaining his ` company director ' role , and 11 % shareholder of McLaren Automotive , as well as is role there as Chairman and ` company director . ",
"Dennis is a given name -LRB- usually male -RRB- or surname . Dennis may also refer to : ",
"Dennis Nolan may refer to : Dennis Nolan -LRB- illustrator -RRB- -LRB- born 1945 -RRB- , author , illustrator , and creator of Big Pig , and Monster Bubbles : A Counting Book Dennis Nolan -LRB- politician -RRB- -LRB- born 1961 -RRB- , Republican member of the Nevada Senate Dennis E. Nolan -LRB- 1872 -- 1956 -RRB- , United States Army general Dennis P. Nolan -LRB- born 1954 -RRB- , Engineer and Author , Space Shuttle Launching/landing facilities and Petroleum industry - fire protection subject matter expert . Author of 6 books . ",
"Ron Turner may refer to : Ron Turner -LRB- American football -RRB- -LRB- born 1953 -RRB- , Florida International University 's head coach Ron Turner -LRB- illustrator -RRB- -LRB- 1922 -- 1998 -RRB- , British illustrator and comics artist Ron Turner -LRB- water polo -RRB- -LRB- 1929 -- 2007 -RRB- , British water polo player Ron Turner -LRB- coach -RRB- , USA Swimming Ronald Turner -LRB- 1915 -- 1965 -RRB- , Canadian politician Ronald L. Turner , chairman and chief executive officer of Ceridian Corporation Ronald William Turner -LRB- 1896 -- 1919 -RRB- , English World War I flying ace Ron Turner -LRB- rugby league -RRB- , Australian rugby league footballer Ronnie Turner -LRB- bowls -RRB- , Rhodesian international bowler "
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Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart showed he was a child protege. | Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart -LRB- -LSB- ˈwʊlfɡæŋ_æməˈdeɪəs_ˈmoʊtsɑrt -RSB- ; -LSB- ˈvɔlfɡaŋ amaˈdeːʊs ˈmoːtsaʁt -RSB- ; 27 January 1756 -- 5 December 1791 -RRB- , baptised as Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart , was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical era . Born in Salzburg , he showed prodigious ability from his earliest childhood . Already competent on keyboard and violin , he composed from the age of five and performed before European royalty . At 17 , Mozart was engaged as a musician at the Salzburg court , but grew restless and traveled in search of a better position . While visiting Vienna in 1781 , he was dismissed from his Salzburg position . He chose to stay in the capital , where he achieved fame but little financial security . During his final years in Vienna , he composed many of his best-known symphonies , concertos , and operas , and portions of the Requiem , which was largely unfinished at the time of his death . The circumstances of his early death have been much mythologized . He was survived by his wife Constanze and two sons . He composed more than 600 works , many acknowledged as pinnacles of symphonic , concertante , chamber , operatic , and choral music . He is among the most enduringly popular of classical composers , and his influence is profound on subsequent Western art music . Ludwig van Beethoven composed his own early works in the shadow of Mozart , and Joseph Haydn wrote : `` posterity will not see such a talent again in 100 years '' . | [
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"Maria Anna Thekla Mozart -LRB- September 25 , 1758 -- January 25 , 1841 -RRB- , called Marianne , known as Bäsle -LRB- `` little cousin '' -RRB- , was the cousin of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart . ",
"Jahn 's Hall was a concert hall in late 18th century Vienna . It was the property of a restaurateur/caterer named Ignaz Jahn , and seated -LRB- according to Deutsch -RRB- `` 400 at the most '' . It is remembered as a performance venue for works by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Ludwig van Beethoven . ",
"K48 may refer to : INS Vidyut -LRB- K48 -RRB- , Veer class corvette , currently in active service with the Indian Navy K. 48 or Symphony No. 8 by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart K-48 -LRB- 1927 -RRB- or K-52 -LRB- Kansas highway -RRB- , state highway in eastern Kansas ",
"Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart -LRB- -LSB- ˈwʊlfɡæŋ_æməˈdeɪəs_ˈmoʊtsɑrt -RSB- ; -LSB- ˈvɔlfɡaŋ amaˈdeːʊs ˈmoːtsaʁt -RSB- ; 27 January 1756 -- 5 December 1791 -RRB- , baptised as Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart , was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical era . Born in Salzburg , he showed prodigious ability from his earliest childhood . Already competent on keyboard and violin , he composed from the age of five and performed before European royalty . At 17 , Mozart was engaged as a musician at the Salzburg court , but grew restless and traveled in search of a better position . While visiting Vienna in 1781 , he was dismissed from his Salzburg position . He chose to stay in the capital , where he achieved fame but little financial security . During his final years in Vienna , he composed many of his best-known symphonies , concertos , and operas , and portions of the Requiem , which was largely unfinished at the time of his death . The circumstances of his early death have been much mythologized . He was survived by his wife Constanze and two sons . He composed more than 600 works , many acknowledged as pinnacles of symphonic , concertante , chamber , operatic , and choral music . He is among the most enduringly popular of classical composers , and his influence is profound on subsequent Western art music . Ludwig van Beethoven composed his own early works in the shadow of Mozart , and Joseph Haydn wrote : `` posterity will not see such a talent again in 100 years '' . ",
"K37 may refer to : K-37 trailer , used by the U.S. Army Signal Corps to haul telephone poles , and Cable reel , during and after World War II D&RGW K-37 , a 2-8-2 , Mikado type , narrow gauge steam locomotive Junkers K 37 , a German mail plane developed in Sweden as a prototype multi-role military aircraft in 1927 Piano Concerto No. 1 -LRB- Mozart -RRB- , K. 37 , by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart R-37 -LRB- missile -RRB- , a Russian air-to-air missile "
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Chinatown's writer is a convicted statutory rapist. | Chinatown Nights is a 1938 British science fiction film directed by Toni Frenguelli and starring Harry Agar Lyons , Anne Grey and Robert Hobbs . | [
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"Paul Ogorzow -LRB- 29 September 1912 -- 26 July 1941 -RRB- , was a German serial killer and rapist , known as The S-Bahn Murderer , convicted for the killing of 8 women in Nazi-era Berlin between October 1940 and July 1941 . During the height of World War II , Ogorzow was employed by Deutsche Reichsbahn , working for the S-Bahn commuter rail system in Berlin . Using the routine wartime blackouts as a result of the Allied bombing of Berlin , Ogorzow committed serial rape and murder against women in the city over a nine-month period until his arrest by the Kriminalpolizei , and was executed at Plötzensee Prison . ",
"Rajmund Roman Thierry Polański -LRB- born 18 August 1933 -RRB- is a French-Polish film director , producer , writer , actor , and convicted statutory rapist . Born in Paris , his Polish-Jewish parents moved the family back to Poland in 1937 , when he was four . Poland was invaded by Nazi Germany 2 years later , in 1939 , and Polanski spent the next six years of his childhood mostly on his own , trying to survive the ongoing Holocaust . Polanski 's first feature-length film , Knife in the Water -LRB- 1962 -RRB- , made in Poland , was nominated for a United States Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film . He has since received five more Oscar nominations , along with two BAFTAs , four Césars , a Golden Globe Award and the Palme d'Or of the Cannes Film Festival in France . In the United Kingdom he directed three films , beginning with Repulsion -LRB- 1965 -RRB- . In 1968 he moved to the United States and cemented his status by directing the horror film Rosemary 's Baby -LRB- 1968 -RRB- . A turning point in his life took place in 1969 , when his pregnant wife , Sharon Tate , along with four friends , were brutally murdered by members of the Manson Family . Following her death , Polanski returned to Europe and eventually continued directing . He made Macbeth -LRB- 1971 -RRB- in England and back in Hollywood , Chinatown -LRB- 1974 -RRB- , which was nominated for eleven Academy Awards . In 1977 , Polanski was arrested and charged with the rape of a 13-year-old model during a photo session . He subsequently pled guilty to the charge of statutory rape . He was released from prison after serving 42 days , and as part of an apparent plea bargain , was to be put on probation . When he learned that the judge changed his mind and planned to reject the plea bargain , he fled to Paris before sentencing . In Europe , Polanski continued to make films , including Tess -LRB- 1979 -RRB- , starring aspiring actress , Nastassja Kinski . It won France 's César Awards for Best Picture and Best Director , and received three Oscars . He later produced and directed The Pianist -LRB- 2002 -RRB- , starring Adrien Brody , in a World War II true story drama about a Jewish-Polish musician . The film won three Academy Awards including Best Director , along with numerous international awards . He also directed Oliver Twist -LRB- 2005 -RRB- , a story which parallels his own life as a `` young boy attempting to triumph over adversity '' . He was awarded Best Director for The Ghost Writer -LRB- 2010 -RRB- at the 23rd European Film Awards Having made films in Poland , the United Kingdom , France , and the United States , he is considered one of the few international filmmakers . ",
"The Statutory Instruments Act 1946 is an Act of the United Kingdom Parliament which governs the making of Statutory Instruments . Until 2011 , the Act also governed Scottish Statutory Instruments made under Acts of the Scottish Parliament . ",
"The ` National Highway Authority -LRB- -LSB- -RRB- , abbreviated NHA ' , is a statutory body under the Ministry of Communications -LRB- MOC -RRB- . ",
"The Gray Man -LRB- previously known as Wisteria : The Horrible Story of Albert Fish -RRB- is a 2007 biographical thriller film based on the actual life and events of American serial killer , rapist and cannibal Albert Fish . It premiered at the Montreal World Film Festival on August 31 , 2007 , and was scheduled for a theatrical release sometime in 2007 . It is directed by Scott Flynn and stars Belgian actor Patrick Bauchau as Albert Fish . "
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One Dance has always been banned in the Netherlands. | One_Dance | `` One Dance '' is a song by Canadian rapper Drake from his fourth studio album , Views -LRB- 2016 -RRB- . It features guest vocals from Nigerian Afrobeat artist Wizkid and British singer Kyla . The artists co-wrote the dancehall and afrobeat song with its co-producers Nineteen85 , DJ Maphorisa , and Noah `` 40 '' Shebib , with production assistance from Wizkid . Crazy Cousinz and Kyla also received songwriting credits for the sampling of their 2008 UK funky song `` Do You Mind '' . `` One Dance '' was released for digital download on April 5 , 2016 and was serviced to US urban , rhythmic , and contemporary hit radio on April 12 , 2016 . `` One Dance '' was released shortly after the release date for Views was announced , alongside `` Pop Style '' . `` One Dance '' was the first of three dancehall singles to be released from Views , along with `` Controlla '' and `` Too Good '' . `` One Dance '' reached number one in 15 countries , including Australia , Canada , France , Germany , Ireland , the Netherlands , New Zealand , Switzerland , the United Kingdom , and the United States , becoming Drake 's first number-one single in all 15 countries as the lead artist . It topped the US Billboard Hot 100 for 10 non-consecutive weeks and the UK Singles Chart for 15 consecutive weeks , making it the joint-second longest consecutive number one in the country . Featured artist Wizkid became the first Nigerian artist to top the US Billboard Hot 100 chart . `` One Dance '' became the second dancehall song of 2016 to top the Billboard Hot 100 after Rihanna 's `` Work '' which also featured Drake . On September 7 , 2016 , Billboard named `` One Dance '' the 2016 Song of the Summer . As of December 2016 , it has sold 2 million copies in the US , thus being the fifth-best-selling song of the year . For Apple Music it was the best performing song of the year . On October 15 , 2016 , `` One Dance '' became the most played song ever on streaming media service Spotify , with over one billion individual streams , overtaking the previous record held by Major Lazer and DJ Snake 's `` Lean On '' . `` One Dance '' was the best-performing single worldwide of 2016 and is one of the best-selling of all-time . | [
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"Axel may refer to : Axel -LRB- name -RRB- Axël , a 1890 drama play by Auguste Villiers de l'Isle-Adam Axel -LRB- singer -RRB- , Argentine singer-songwriter Axel , Netherlands , a town in the province of Zeeland , the Netherlands Axel -LRB- dance turn -RRB- , a type of turn performed in dance Axel jump , a type of jump in figure skating Axel , a 1988 short film by Nigel Wingrove ",
"`` One Dance '' is a song by Canadian rapper Drake from his fourth studio album , Views -LRB- 2016 -RRB- . It features guest vocals from Nigerian Afrobeat artist Wizkid and British singer Kyla . The artists co-wrote the dancehall and afrobeat song with its co-producers Nineteen85 , DJ Maphorisa , and Noah `` 40 '' Shebib , with production assistance from Wizkid . Crazy Cousinz and Kyla also received songwriting credits for the sampling of their 2008 UK funky song `` Do You Mind '' . `` One Dance '' was released for digital download on April 5 , 2016 and was serviced to US urban , rhythmic , and contemporary hit radio on April 12 , 2016 . `` One Dance '' was released shortly after the release date for Views was announced , alongside `` Pop Style '' . `` One Dance '' was the first of three dancehall singles to be released from Views , along with `` Controlla '' and `` Too Good '' . `` One Dance '' reached number one in 15 countries , including Australia , Canada , France , Germany , Ireland , the Netherlands , New Zealand , Switzerland , the United Kingdom , and the United States , becoming Drake 's first number-one single in all 15 countries as the lead artist . It topped the US Billboard Hot 100 for 10 non-consecutive weeks and the UK Singles Chart for 15 consecutive weeks , making it the joint-second longest consecutive number one in the country . Featured artist Wizkid became the first Nigerian artist to top the US Billboard Hot 100 chart . `` One Dance '' became the second dancehall song of 2016 to top the Billboard Hot 100 after Rihanna 's `` Work '' which also featured Drake . On September 7 , 2016 , Billboard named `` One Dance '' the 2016 Song of the Summer . As of December 2016 , it has sold 2 million copies in the US , thus being the fifth-best-selling song of the year . For Apple Music it was the best performing song of the year . On October 15 , 2016 , `` One Dance '' became the most played song ever on streaming media service Spotify , with over one billion individual streams , overtaking the previous record held by Major Lazer and DJ Snake 's `` Lean On '' . `` One Dance '' was the best-performing single worldwide of 2016 and is one of the best-selling of all-time . ",
"The Nae Nae is a hip-hop dance that involves planting one 's feet , swaying with shoulder movement , placing one hand in the air and one hand down , and incorporating personal creativity . The move typically follows another move called `` The Whip . '' The Whip involves lifting one foot off the ground and planting it with a stomp ; simultaneously , the dancer twists and extends their opposite arm forward . It is a mondegreen of the first name of NBA player Nene Hilario The Atlanta hip hop group We Are Toonz is credited for inventing the phrase with their hit song `` Drop That NaeNae '' in 2013 . The dance was based on a character from the 1990s sitcom Martin . In the series , Martin Lawrence cross-dressed to play Sheneneh Jenkins , an exaggerated , sassy `` ghetto girl '' . The group member CalLamar stated in an interview with Billboard , `` It 's really just based on a ratchet girl in the club dancing kind of funny and the best girl to describe it is Sheneneh from Martin . '' In one interview , Martin Lawrence stated he was `` flattered '' by the dance . Throughout 2014 , the song achieved widespread popularity on social media such as Vine , Twitter , Instagram and YouTube . It has also been performed as a celebratory dance at collegiate and professional sporting events . In 2015 , American rapper Silentó released his debut single `` Watch Me -LRB- Whip/Nae Nae -RRB- '' which also included the Nae Nae along with other dance moves , appearing in viral videos and mainstream media . Numerous celebrities have been covered by the social and mainstream media when they performed the dance , including Jeremy Lin and Stephen Curry , Dwight Howard , Lance Moore , TLC , John Wall , Pharrell Williams , Miley Cyrus , and JJ Watt . The video game NBA 2K16 allows players to dance the Nae Nae . President Barack Obama publicly praised a Washington , D.C. police officer who danced the dance with a teenager . ",
"Illegal immigration to Russia has been ongoing since the Great Depression . Source countries during that time included Finland , Poland , Sweden and Germany . There are currently an estimated 4 million illegal immigrants from the former Soviet states in the Russian Federation . In 2012 , the Russian Federal Security Service 's Border Service stated there had been an increase in illegal migration from former Soviet states , such as Georgia , Ukraine and Moldova . Under legal changes made in 2012 , illegal immigrants who are caught will be banned from reentering the country for ten years . The problem has become so severe it has caused a rise in Russian nationalism , and spawned groups like Movement Against Illegal Immigration , which was banned by the Moscow City Court in 2011 on the grounds that it `` ignites inter-ethnic hatred . '' ",
"Bob Dalsemer has been calling square and contra dances for more than 40 years . He has called dances in more than 30 states , Canada , the Czech Republic , Britain , Belgium , Denmark and Russia , and wrote the book West Virginia Square Dances -LRB- CDSS , 1982 -RRB- and Folk Dance Fun for Schools and Families -LRB- John C. Campbell Folk School , 1995 -RRB- . He has also compiled the following cassette/book compilations : Smoke On the Water : Square Dance Classics and When The Work 's All Done : A Square Dance Party For Beginners and Old Hands . From 1990 to 1996 Bob Dalsemer served as President of the Country Dance and Song Society . He served as the Music and Dance Coordinator at the John C. Campbell Folk School for 22 years , retiring in April 2013 . "
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Adidas designs items. | Adidas | Adidas AG -LRB- -LSB- ˈadiˌdas -RSB- -RRB- -LRB- stylised as adidas since 1949 -RRB- is a German multinational corporation , headquartered in Herzogenaurach , Germany , that designs and manufactures shoes , clothing and accessories . It is the largest sportswear manufacturer in Europe , and the second biggest in the world . It is the holding company for the Adidas Group , which consists of the Reebok sportswear company , TaylorMade-Adidas golf company -LRB- including Ashworth -RRB- , 9.1 % of Bayern Munich and Runtastic , an Austrian fitness technology company . Adidas revenue for 2016 was listed at $ 19.29 billion . Adidas was registered on 18 August 1949 by Adolf Dassler , following a family feud at the Gebrüder Dassler Schuhfabrik company between him and his older brother Rudolf . Rudolf had earlier established Puma , which quickly became the business rival of Adidas , and is also headquartered in Herzogenaurach . The company 's clothing and shoe designs typically feature three parallel bars , and the same motif is incorporated into Adidas 's current official logo . The brand name is uncapitalized and is stylized with a lower case `` a '' . | [
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"Herzogenaurach",
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"List_of_Roman_hoards_in_Great_Britain"
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"Adidas AG -LRB- -LSB- ˈadiˌdas -RSB- -RRB- -LRB- stylised as adidas since 1949 -RRB- is a German multinational corporation , headquartered in Herzogenaurach , Germany , that designs and manufactures shoes , clothing and accessories . It is the largest sportswear manufacturer in Europe , and the second biggest in the world . It is the holding company for the Adidas Group , which consists of the Reebok sportswear company , TaylorMade-Adidas golf company -LRB- including Ashworth -RRB- , 9.1 % of Bayern Munich and Runtastic , an Austrian fitness technology company . Adidas revenue for 2016 was listed at $ 19.29 billion . Adidas was registered on 18 August 1949 by Adolf Dassler , following a family feud at the Gebrüder Dassler Schuhfabrik company between him and his older brother Rudolf . Rudolf had earlier established Puma , which quickly became the business rival of Adidas , and is also headquartered in Herzogenaurach . The company 's clothing and shoe designs typically feature three parallel bars , and the same motif is incorporated into Adidas 's current official logo . The brand name is uncapitalized and is stylized with a lower case `` a '' . ",
"PUMA SE , branded as PUMA , is a German multinational company that designs and manufactures athletic and casual footwear , apparel and accessories , headquartered in Herzogenaurach , Germany . The company was founded in 1948 by Rudolf Dassler . In 1924 , Rudolf and his brother Adolf Dassler had jointly formed the company Gebrüder Dassler Schuhfabrik . The relationship between the two brothers deteriorated until the two agreed to split in 1948 , forming two separate entities , Adidas and PUMA . Both companies are currently based in Herzogenaurach , Germany . PUMA has been a public company since 1986 , listed at the Frankfurt Stock Exchange . Since 2007 PUMA has been part of French group Kering -LRB- formerly known as Pinault-Printemps-Redoute or PPR -RRB- . Since 1 July 2013 , the company has been led by former football professional Bjørn Gulden -LRB- CEO -RRB- . As of 2016 , PUMA SE employs more than 10,000 people worldwide and distributes its products in more than 120 countries . Following the split from his brother , Rudolf Dassler originally registered the new-established company as Ruda , but later changed the name to PUMA . PUMA 's earliest logo consisted of a square and beast jumping through a D , which was registered , along with the company 's name , in 1948 . PUMA 's shoe and clothing designs feature the PUMA logo and the distinctive `` Formstrip '' which was introduced in 1958 . ",
"Herzogenaurach -LRB- East Franconian : Herziaura -RRB- is a town in the district of Erlangen-Höchstadt , in Bavaria , Germany . It is best known for being the home of the sporting goods companies Adidas and Puma , as well as the large car parts manufacturer Schaeffler Group . ",
"Modify Watches is an American retailer of customizable modular watches . Founded in 2010 , Modify Watches sells its own designs in addition to sport licensed watches including MLB , NBA , MLS and NHL . Modify Watches also produced fully customized designs for companies like Google , Facebook , LinkedIn , Wired , Nike , Pinarello , SRAM , Cartoon Network , SEGA , Bethesda Softworks and adult swim . which it co-designs with the assistance of its fans . Modify Watches is based in San Francisco , California , United States . ",
"The list of Roman hoards in Britain comprises significant archaeological hoards of coins , jewellery , precious and scrap metal objects and other valuable items discovered in Great Britain -LRB- England , Scotland and Wales -RRB- that are associated with period of Romano-British culture when Britain was under the control of the Roman Empire , from AD 43 until about 410 , as well as the subsequent Sub-Roman period up to the establishment of Anglo-Saxon kingdoms . It includes both hoards that were buried with the intention of retrieval at a later date -LRB- personal hoards , founder 's hoards , merchant 's hoards , and hoards of loot -RRB- , and also hoards of votive offerings which were not intended to be recovered at a later date , but excludes grave goods and single items found in isolation . Most Roman hoards are composed largely or entirely of coins , and are relatively common in Britain , with over 1,200 known examples . A smaller number of hoards , such as the Mildenhall Treasure and the Hoxne Hoard , include items of silver or gold tableware such as dishes , bowls , jugs and spoons , or items of silver or gold jewellery . "
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