Patent Document

BACKGROUND INFORMATION 
   Cylinder pressure sensors are known that are integrated as much as possible into an already-existing component of the internal combustion engine. Typical embodiments are the integration of a suitable pressure transducer into a spark plug, a high-pressure injection valve, or a glow plug. The pressure transducer is usually clearly separated from the combustion chamber; on the one hand, the front part of the component is already allocated to the main task of the component and does not offer any constructive space for the pressure transducer, while on the other hand the pressure transducers are frequently provided with integrated electronic circuits that cannot be exposed to the high temperatures near the combustion chamber. The cylinder pressure is then transmitted from the combustion chamber to the pressure transducer via suitable ducts in the component. 
   It is known that these ducts can cause significant falsifications of the cylinder pressure signal. They act as resonators, and what are known as whistle oscillations falsify the signal.  FIG. 2  shows a pressure curve with superposed whistle oscillation. A detailed analysis of the cylinder pressure and the calculation of suitable features is thus no longer possible. High-quality cylinder pressure sensors avoid this falsification by housing the pressure transducer flush with the combustion chamber. 
   An object of the present invention is therefore to enable more precise measurement of the temporal pressure curve even without housing the pressure transducer flush with the combustion chamber, and to suppress interference portions resulting from whistle oscillations. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   This object is achieved by a method for correcting a measured cylinder pressure of an internal combustion engine, in which a cylinder pressure sensor is connected to a combustion chamber via a duct, an oscillation frequency of a gas oscillation caused in the duct being determined during a power stroke, and the measurement values of the cylinder pressure sensor being filtered by a band-stop filter having the previously determined oscillation frequency. The gas oscillation is what is known as a whistle oscillation, and from the point of view of the cylinder pressure sensor is expressed as an oscillation in pressure over time that is superposed on the actual pressure curve in the combustion chamber. The band-stop filter is preferably a digital filter. The oscillation frequency is the resonance frequency or inherent frequency of the gas column in the gas duct from the combustion chamber to the cylinder pressure sensor. 
   The oscillation frequency can be determined from a gas temperature in the combustion chamber, calculated from measured pressure values. The temperature of the gas is calculated from the combustion chamber pressure using a suitable known model. Alternatively, the oscillation frequency can be determined by a spectral analysis of the pressure curve in the combustion chamber. The whistle oscillation has a significantly higher frequency than does the fundamental oscillation of the pressure curve, which has the frequency of the rotational speed of the crankshaft. The whistle oscillation has a frequency in the kilohertz range. Because the fundamental oscillation is known from the rotational speed of the crankshaft, upper harmonics (the whistle oscillation) can be easily identified. 
   In a development of the method, it is provided that in a first method step the cylinder pressure curve is measured and stored for a complete working cycle. The pressure curve is then present as a time series in a storage unit, e.g. a memory-programmable control device. 
   In a development of the method, it is provided that in a second method step the gas temperature is determined and the whistle oscillation frequency is calculated therefrom. The gas temperature is calculated using an isentropic equation for a (ideal or real) gas. 
   In a third method step, in a preferred specific embodiment the filter coefficients are calculated for a band-stop filter. The band-stop filter is implemented as a program of the memory-programmable control unit; here, in particular a stop frequency and an attenuation factor are determined as parameters of the filter. 
   In a fourth method step, in the preferred specific embodiment the cylinder pressure curve is filtered using the band-stop filter. The time series is subjected to the filter, and the filtered values can be written back into the same memory cells. 
   The problem cited above is also solved by a control device for an internal combustion engine that is capable of executing a method according to the present invention. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       FIG. 1  shows a sketch of a cylinder of an internal combustion engine. 
       FIG. 2  shows a pressure curve in a combustion chamber with superposed whistle oscillation. 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
   An internal combustion engine  1  according to  FIG. 1  of a motor vehicle (not shown in more detail) includes a piston  2  that is capable of back-and-forth movement in a cylinder  3 . Standard internal combustion engines  1  include a plurality of pistons  2  and cylinders  3 . In the following, only one cylinder is presented in order to illustrate the concepts applied. As a rule, internal combustion engine  1  will include a plurality of cylinders. Cylinder  3  includes a combustion chamber  4  that is limited inter alia by a piston  2 , an inlet valve  5 , and an outlet valve  6 . An intake pipe  7  is coupled to inlet valve  5 , and an exhaust pipe  8  is coupled to outlet valve  6 . In the area of inlet valve  5  and of outlet valve  6 , an injection valve  9  and a spark plug  10  extend into combustion chamber  4  (in a spark-ignition engine having direct fuel injection). In a diesel engine, here only one injection valve  9 , or a plurality of injection valves  9 , will be present, while in a spark-ignition engine only one or a plurality of spark plugs  10  will be present. Via injection valve  9 , fuel can be injected into combustion chamber  4 . The fuel in combustion chamber  4  can be ignited by spark plug  10 . In intake pipe  7 , a rotatable throttle valve  11  is housed via which air is able to be supplied to intake pipe  7 . An air mass sensor  15  is situated upstream or downstream from throttle valve  11 . The quantity of supplied air is dependent on the angular position of throttle valve  11 . In a spark-ignition engine, in exhaust gas pipe  8  there is situated a lambda probe  13  for the measurement of the λ value of the fuel combustion in combustion chamber  4 . Downstream from lambda probe  13 , there is situated a catalytic converter  12  that is used for additional chemical conversion of harmful materials contained in the exhaust gases. 
   Piston  2  is connected via a connecting rod  14  (shown schematically) to a crankshaft (not shown) of the internal combustion engine. Piston  2  is set into motion by the combustion of the fuel/air mixture in combustion chamber  4  during a power stroke, and this movement is converted into a rotational movement in a known manner by connecting rod  14  and the crankshaft. A control device  18  is charged with input signals  19  that represent operating quantities, measured by sensors, of internal combustion engine  1 . For example, control device  18  is connected to air mass sensor  15 , lambda sensor  13 , a rotational speed sensor, an air temperature sensor, and the like. In addition, control device  18  is connected to an accelerator pedal sensor that produces a signal that indicates the position of an accelerator pedal that is able to be actuated by a driver, and thus indicates the required torque. Control device  18  produces output signals  20  with which the behavior of internal combustion engine  1  can be influenced via actuators or actuating elements. For example, control device  18  is connected to injection valve  9 , spark plug  10  and throttle valve  11 , and the like, and produces the signals required to control these. 
   Control device  18  is provided for, inter alia, the purpose of controlling or regulating the operating quantities of internal combustion engine  1 . For example, the fuel mass injected into combustion chamber  4  by injection valve  9  is controlled or regulated by control device  18  in particular with respect to low fuel consumption and/or low production of pollutants. For this purpose, control device  18  is provided with a microprocessor that has stored in a storage medium, such as for example a read-only memory (ROM), a program that controls the above-named method steps. 
   On combustion chamber  4 , a cylinder pressure sensor  16  is situated that is connected to control device  18  by an electrical line  17 . Between cylinder pressure sensor  16  and combustion chamber  4 , there is situated a duct  21  having length l. The installation position of cylinder pressure sensor  16  is indicated only schematically, and can vary according to the available constructive space and other requirements. The curve of the cylinder pressure provided by cylinder pressure sensor  16 , and quantities derived therefrom, are used as the input signal for various control functions. Output signals of the control unit are for example control signals for the fuel metering and for controlling the ignition of the mixture. Cylinder pressure sensor  16  supplies a signal according to  FIG. 2 ; whistle oscillations due to duct  21  are superposed on the actual pressure curve.  FIG. 2  shows the combustion chamber pressure P Z  in pascals over crankshaft angle KW in degrees; via the rotational speed, KW can be converted into a time series. 
   The method is based on a modeling of the whistle oscillation, so that a suitable filtering of the measured cylinder pressure curve can take place before the actual thermodynamic features are calculated from the cylinder pressure. The basic idea is to suppress the singular frequency of the whistle oscillation using a filter that blocks this frequency (known as a band-stop characteristic). Using a digital method, a digital filter, this is possible for the measured pressure curve after the complete working cycle has been acquired. 
   One embodiment is the storing of the filter coefficients (once determined) in the control unit for the various frequencies of the whistle oscillation, or else the calculation of the respective coefficients dependent on the operating point of the internal combustion engine. 
   From the literature, the relation between the frequency of the excited whistle oscillation f and the sound velocity c is known. c is determined from the length  1  of duct  21  between combustion chamber  4  and cylinder pressure sensor  16 , as well as from gas temperature T, the gas constant R, and the isentropic exponent χ:
 
 f=c /(4 *l )
 
with
 
 c=√{square root over (χR*T)} 
 
That is, for the operating points of the internal combustion engine (e.g. described by rotational speed, load, air/fuel ratio), the frequency f can be determined. Here the most important variable parameter is the gas temperature T. This temperature can be determined once during the calibration of the control unit, and stored in characteristic fields. Another possibility is calculation using a suitable thermodynamic model.
 
   Another possible realization is the spectral analysis of the cylinder pressure signal. The whistle oscillation can in this way be determined in its frequency dependent on the operating point. The spectral analysis can take place offline during the calibration for different operating points of the internal combustion engine, or can take place online for each operating cycle. The suitable filter can then again be selected in order to sufficiently suppress this frequency. 
   A particular advantage of the almost complete storing of a working cycle is the possibility of compensating the undesired phase shift of the cylinder pressure signal by running through the filter twice (null phase filtering). In this way, the important relations between the crankshaft angle and the cylinder pressure curve are not falsified. 
   To sum up, the sequence of the correction method is described below:
         sampling of the cylinder pressure curve for a complete working cycle with sufficient sampling frequency, and storing of the signal   determination of the gas temperature and calculation of the whistle oscillation frequency   determination of the filter coefficients for a band-stop filter   filtering of the cylinder pressure curve       

   For engine controlling systems, this method can effectively compensate the basic disadvantage of the situation of the cylinder pressure transducer away from the combustion chamber. The advantages of the situation, namely advantageous placement in a component and low thermal loading of the pressure transducer, are retained.

Technology Category: 3