Patent Document

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application claims the priority of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2006-085089 filed on Sep. 5, 2006 in the Korean Intellectual Property Office. The entire disclosure of this priority application is incorporated herein by reference. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display (LCD) device, and more particularly, to a method for forming a data line and a data line pattern in an LCD device while increasing device reliability. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     Thin film transistors (TFTs) are widely used as switching elements for pixels in a flat panel display device such as a liquid crystal display device or an organic light emitting display device. Liquid crystal display devices include a plurality of pixels, and each pixel includes a gate line to pass a gate signal (injection signal), a data line to pass a data signal, and a thin film transistor. 
     The thin film transistor includes a gate electrode coupled to the gate line, a source electrode coupled to the data line, and a drain electrode coupled to a pixel electrode of the pixel. These electrodes are formed over a semiconductor layer. The thin film transistor functions to transfer a data signal from the data line to the pixel electrode in response to a gate (injection) signal from the gate line. 
     In order to connect the pixel electrode with the drain electrode which is separated from each other with a passivation layer or passivation layer, a contact hole is made in the passivation layer, which is typically made of an inorganic matter, positioned over the thin film transistor. 
     During the manufacturing process of liquid crystal display device, a passivation layer is deposited over the data pad and drain electrode. However, the gate pad is covered not only by the passivation layer but also by the gate insulator. 
     Then, an etching process is applied to the photoresist layer. At this time, since the gate insulator as well as the passivation layer is over the gate pad, the passivation layer over the gate pad is first developed with the passivation layer over the data pad and the data electrode. Then, the etching process is applied to the gate pad to etch the gate insulator. During the process, the data pad and drain electrode are exposed to the etching process, so that the surface of the data pad and drain electrode is damaged. 
     Also, a contact hole over the data pad and drain electrode forms a reverse type taper structure, which is the structure as the higher up, the narrower in a cross-sectional area, so that the transparent pixel electrode may not connect well enough to the data pad and the drain electrode. Also, the etching process damages the surface of the data pad and drain electrode, which increases the contact resistance between the pixel electrode and the data pad or drain electrode. Therefore, the reliability and electrical characteristics of the liquid crystal display device are degraded. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention provides a manufacturing method for which achieves improved the electrical characteristic and reliability of the LCD display. 
     In order to achieve this invention, the manufacturing method comprises: forming a gate line on an insulating substrate; 
     forming a gate insulating layer on the gate line; sequentially forming a semiconductor layer, and a data layer on the gate insulating layer; forming a photosensitive film to a thickness on the data layer; forming a first photosensitive film pattern by exposing the photosensitive film to light using a mask to selectively develop predetermined portions of the photosensitive film, the mask being configured such that a plurality of regions are defined in the photosensitive film with certain ones of the plurality of regions having developed and undeveloped thickness, wherein in a first region the photosensitive film has a first undeveloped thickness, in a second region the photosensitive film has a second undeveloped thickness, in a third region the photosensitive film has a third undeveloped thickness which is less than the second undeveloped thickness, and in a fourth region the photosensitive film is developed to a thickness equal to the thickness of the photosensitive film; removing the developed portions of the photosensitive film; etching the data layer, the semiconductor layer, and the gate insulating layer under the fourth region using the first photosensitive pattern; forming a second photosensitive pattern by ashing the first photosensitive film pattern to thereby expose the data layer under the third region; forming a semiconductor pattern and a data line including a preliminary source drain pattern and an end part by etching the data layer and the semiconductor layer using the second photosensitive film pattern; forming a third photosensitive film pattern by ashing the second photosensitive film pattern to thereby expose the preliminary source drain pattern under the second region; forming source and drain electrodes by etching the exposed preliminary source drain pattern using the third photosensitive film pattern; and removing the third photosensitive film pattern. 
     After this process, an passivation layer is formed over the all layers including the gate pad of the gate line, a data pad and the drain electrode of the data line; and a second contact hole is formed in the passivation layer to expose the gate pad, data pad, and the drain electrode, in which the second contact hole is wider than the first contact hole. 
     In one embodiment of the present invention, the manufacturing method uses a mask including a light protection region, a light transmission region, a half light transmission region, and a slit region. The light protection region of the mask defines a first region, the slit region defines a second region, the half light transmission region defines a third region, and the light transmission region defines a fourth region. 
     As a result, it is possible to protect for a contact hole in the passivation layer to have a reverse type taper structure. Also, during the etching process for exposing the data pad, the gate pad can be protected from over etching. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a plan view showing a pixel of a liquid crystal display device according to one embodiment of this invention. 
         FIG. 2  is a cross-sectional view taken along line II-II′ of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 3  is a cross-sectional view taken along line III-III′ of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 4  is a plan view illustrating a forming process of a gate line and a storage line of a liquid crystal display panel. 
         FIG. 5  is a cross-sectional view taken along line V-V′ of  FIG. 4 . 
         FIG. 6  is a cross-sectional view taken along line VI-VI′ of  FIG. 4 . 
         FIGS. 7 ,  9 ,  11 ,  13  and  15  are cross-sectional views illustrating a forming process over a gate line and a storage line of  FIG. 5 . 
         FIGS. 8 ,  10 ,  12 ,  14  and  16  are cross-sectional views illustrating a forming process over a data line of  FIG. 6 . 
         FIG. 17  is a plan view illustrating a forming process of a data line of a liquid crystal display panel. 
         FIG. 18  is a cross-sectional view taken along line XVIII-XVIII′ of  FIG. 17 . 
         FIG. 19  is a cross-sectional view taken along line XIX-XIX′ of  FIG. 17 . 
         FIG. 20  is a plane view illustrating a forming process of a passivation layer of a liquid crystal display panel. 
         FIG. 21  is a cross-sectional view taken along line XXI-XXI′ of  FIG. 17 . 
         FIG. 22  is a cross-sectional view taken along line XXII-XXII′ of  FIG. 17 . 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS 
     Some embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference  FIG. 1  to  FIG. 22 .  FIG. 1  is a plan view showing a pixel of a liquid crystal display according to one embodiment of this invention.  FIG. 2  is a cross-sectional view taken along line II-II′ of  FIG. 1 .  FIG. 3  is a cross-sectional view taken along line III-III′ of  FIG. 1 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 1  to  FIG. 3 , a plurality of gate lines  121  and storage electrode lines  131  are formed on a insulation substrate  110 . 
     Each gate line  121  extends in a row direction and provides a gate signal. The gate line  121  includes a gate electrode  124  and a gate pad  129 . The gate electrode  124  is a portion formed in a pixel as a protrusion shape, and the gate pad  129  is a portion formed in a peripheral of the pixel to connect to other circuits. 
     A gate drive circuit (not shown) may be formed on a flexible printed circuit film or may be directly formed on the lower substrate  110 . When the gate drive circuit is directly formed on the lower substrate  110 , the gate line  121  receives a gate signal directly from the gate drive circuit. 
     In the case of storage line, the storage line  131  runs parallel to the gate line  121  receives a certain level of voltage, and includes storage electrodes  133   a ,  133   b  extending from the storage line. The storage line  131  is formed between two consecutive gate lines  121 . One end portion, a fixed portion, of the each storage electrode  133   a  and  133   b  is connected to the storage line  131 . The other end portion is freely formed without connection. The first storage electrode  133   a  is narrower width-wise than the second storage electrode  133   b . A shape and arrangement of the storage electrodes can be formed in various shapes. The gate line  121  and the storage electrode line  131  may be formed of aluminum (Al) or an aluminum alloy, silver (Ag) or a silver alloy, copper (Cu) or a copper alloy, molybdenum (Mo) or a molybdenum alloy, chrome (Cr), tantalum (Ta) or titanium (Ti). 
     The gate line  121  can be formed by multi-layer structure having at least two different physical characteristics. In order to reduce signal delay or voltage drop, one of the layers may be formed of low resistance material, such as aluminum, silver or copper. 
     The other layer is formed of another material such as molybdenum, chrome, titanium, or tantalum having excellent physical, chemical, electrical quality to contact with indium tin oxide (ITO) or indium zinc oxide (IZO). 
     One example of this combination is forming chrome as the lower metal layer, and aluminum alloy as the upper metal layer, or aluminum alloy as the lower metal layer and a molybdenum alloy as the upper metal. 
     However, the gate line  121 , the gate pad  124  and a storage line  131  can be formed using various metals and electric conductors. 
     The lateral face of the gate line  121 , the gate pad  124  and the storage line  131  is inclined to the lower substrate  110 , and it is desirable that the tilt angle as measured from the adjacent surface at the substrate be about 30° or about 80°. 
     Generally, over the gate line  121 , the gate pad  124  and the storage line  131 , a gate insulator  140  is formed of silicon nitride (SiNx) or silicon oxide (SiOx). 
     This gate insulator  140  includes a lower film  140   p  and upper film  140   q . When the lower film  140   p  has a thickness of about 4,000 Å, the upper gate film  140   q  has a thickness of about 500 Å. 
     The gate insulator  140  includes a plurality of contact holes  141 , 143   a , and  143   b , in which the contact hole  141  is for exposing the gate pad  129  of gate line  121 , the contact hole  143   a  for exposing one part of a storage line  131 , the contact hole  143   b  for exposing the end portion of the first storage electrode  133   a.    
     Over the gate insulator  140 , a semiconductor layer  151  is formed of poly-silicon. The poly-silicon semiconductor  151  generally extends in a column direction and includes a protrusion portion  154 . 
     Ohmic contact layers  161 ,  165  which are linear and island types are gradually formed over the semiconductor layer  151 . 
     The ohmic contact layers  161 ,  163  and  165  are made of amorphous silicon, which is doped by n-type phosphorus or p-type boron, polycrystalline silicon or silicide silicon. The ohmic contact layer  163  and  165  are formed over the protrusion portion  154  of the semiconductor layer  165 . 
     The lateral shape of semiconductor layers  151 ,  154  and ohmic contact layers  161 ,  163 ,  165  are inclined to the lower substrate  110  by about 30° or 80°. 
     Over the ohmic contact layers  161 ,  165  and gate insulation layer  140 , a drain electrode  175  and a data line  171  are formed. 
     The data line  171  provides a data signal and traverses the gate line. 
     Each data line  171  traverses the storage line  131  and is formed between the first storage electrode  133   a  in a current pixel and a storage electrode  133   b  in an adjacent pixel. 
     The data line  171  includes a source electrode  173  and a data pad  179 , in which the source electrode  173  extends to the gate electrode  124  and the data pad  179  is widen to connect with other circuitries. 
     A data drive circuit which generates data signals is formed on a flexible printed circuit film attached on the lower substrate  110 . The data driver circuit may be formed in the lower substrate  110  so as to directly connect to the data line  171 . 
     Drain electrode  175  is formed apart from the data line  171  and is faced to a source electrode  173  over the gate electrode  124 . 
     Each drain electrode  175  has a first end point which is a widen area type and a second end point which is a bar type. One part of the second end part is surrounded by the source electrode  173 . 
     With a gate electrode  124 , a source electrode  173  and a drain electrode  175 , a thin film transistor thin film transistor TFT is accomplished with a projecting part  154  of the semiconductor layer  151 , and the channel of the thin film transistor is formed on the projecting part  154  positioned between the source electrode  173  and the drain electrode  175 . 
     The data line  171  and the drain electrode  175  are desirable to be formed of a refractory metal or its alloy such as molybdenum, chrome, tantalum or titanium, and may have a multi-layer structure including a refractory metal and a low resistance conductive material. 
     The multi-layer structure may be two layers or triple layers. The two layers are made of a lower film and an upper film, in which the lower film may be chrome (alloy) or molybdenum (alloy) and the upper film may be aluminum (alloy). The triple layers are made of triple films, for example molybdenum (alloy) as a lower film, aluminum (alloy) as an intermediate film and molybdenum (alloy) as an upper film. The data line  171  and the drain electrode  175 , however, can be formed of various metal or electric conductors. 
     Each side of the data conductors  171 ,  175  is desirable to have a tilt angle about 30° or 80° for the lower substrate  110 . 
     Ohmic contact layers  161 ,  165  exist over the semiconductor layer  151  and under the data line  171  and the drain electrode  175  to reduce contact resistance. 
     The semiconductor layer  151  includes exposed portions which are not covered by the source electrode  173 , the drain electrode  175  and the data line  171 . 
     Over the exposed portion, data line  171  and the drain electrode  175 , a passivation layer  180  is formed. 
     As the width of the semiconductor layer  151  is wider than that of the data line  171  in a portion that the gate line  121  is formed so that a profile of the surface becomes smooth, the data line  171  is protected from disconnection. 
     The passivation layer  180  is formed of inorganic insulating material, such as silicon nitride (SiNx) or silicon oxide (SiOx). 
     On the other hand, the passivation layer  180  may be a combination of a lower passivation layer and upper passivation layer (not shown), in which the lower passivation layer is formed by organic insulating material or inorganic insulating material and also the upper passivation layer is formed by organic insulating material. The organic insulating material may be photosensitive material having a dielectric constant under 4.0. 
     The passivation layer  180  also includes a contact hole  181  to expose a gate pad  129  of the gate line  121 , a contact hole  182  to expose a data pad  170  of the data line  171 , a contact hole  185  to expose a drain electrode, a contact hole  183   a  to expose one part of the storage line  131  near a storage electrode  183   a  and a contact hole  183   b  to expose a storage electrode  183   b.    
     A cross sectional area of the contact holes  181 ,  182 ,  183   a ,  183   b  and  185  becomes wide from bottom to top area. Namely, lateral sides of the contact holes  181 ,  182 ,  183   a ,  183   b  and  185  have a taper structure as shown in A of  FIG. 2  and C of  FIG. 3 . 
     The contact hole  181  to expose the gate pad, a contact hole  183   a  to expose a fixed portion of the first storage electrode  133   a , and a contact hole  183   b  to expose the free end of the first storage electrode  133   a  are formed in inner portion of the contact holes  141 ,  143   a  and  143   b  of gate insulator  140 , respectively. Lateral sides of the contact holes  141 ,  143   a  and  143   b  have a taper structure. 
     Over the passivation layer  180 , a plurality of pixel electrodes  191 , a plurality of connecting legs  83  and a plurality of contact assistants  81 ,  82  are formed of transparent material such as ITO, IZO, or reflective metal such as aluminum (alloy), silver (alloy), or chrome (alloy). 
     In order not to disconnect the data line, a taper structure of is applied to the contact holes  181 ,  182  and  185  in which a pixel electrode  191 , connecting leg  83  and contact assistants  81 ,  82  are formed. 
     The pixel electrode  191  is electrically and physically coupled to the drain electrode  175  via a contact hole  185 , and also receives a data voltage from the drain electrode  175 . 
     Orientation of liquid crystal molecules is determined by the electric field which is applied between a pixel electrode  191  which receives a data voltage and a common electrode which receives a common voltage. 
     According to the orientation of liquid crystal molecule, the polarized light passing through the liquid crystal layer is varied. 
     A liquid crystal capacitor formed between the pixel electrode  191  and common electrode maintains a supplied voltage even after a thin film transistor is turned off. 
     The pixel electrode  191  is overlapped with the storage electrodes  133   a ,  133   b  and the storage line  131 . 
     A storage capacitor is formed between the pixel electrode  191  connected to the drain electrode  171  and the storage line  131 , and also enforces the voltage holding ability of liquid crystal capacitor. 
     Contact assistants  81 ,  82  are coupled to the gate pad  129  of the gate line  121 , and the data pad  179  of the data line  171 , respectively, via contact holes  181 ,  182 , respectively, to permit contact with external devices. 
     Through the connection leg  83  crossing the gate line  121 , the storage line  131  is linked to the free end of the first storage electrode  133   a  via contact holes  183   a ,  183   b.    
     The storage electrodes  133   a ,  133   b  and the storage line  131  may be used to fix a defect of the gate line  121 , data line  171  or thin film transistor but also the storage line  131 . 
     A manufacturing method of a liquid crystal display device for  FIG. 1  to  FIG. 3  is shown in  FIG. 4  to  FIG. 22 . 
       FIG. 4 ,  FIG. 17  and  FIG. 20  are plane views useful for showing a manufacturing process of a liquid crystal display panel.  FIG. 5  and  FIG. 6  are cross-sectional views taken along line V-V′, and VI-VI′ of  FIG. 4 .  FIG. 7 ,  FIG. 9 ,  FIG. 11 ,  FIG. 13  and  FIG. 15  are cross-sectional views illustrating a forming process over a gate line and a storage line of  FIG. 5 .  FIGS. 8 ,  10 ,  12 ,  14  and  16  are cross-sectional views illustrating a forming process over a data line of  FIG. 6 .  FIG. 18  and  FIG. 19  are cross-sectional views taken along line XVIII-XVIII′, and XIX-XIX′ of  FIG. 17 . 
       FIG. 21  and  FIG. 22  are a cross-sectional view taken along line XXI-XXI′, and XXII-XXII′ of  FIG. 20 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 4  to  FIG. 6 , a metal layer is deposited by sputtering process on the lower substrate  110  formed of glass or plastic, and then an etching process is applied to the metal layer in order to form a gate electrode  124 , a gate pad  129 , a gate line  121 , a first storage electrode  133   a , a second storage electrode  133   b  and a storage line  131 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 7  and  FIG. 8 , a gate insulator  140  is formed over the gate line  121 , the storage line  131  and the lower substrate  110 . 
     The gate insulator  140  is made of silicon nitride or silicon oxide, and includes a lower gate insulator  140   p  and an upper gate insulator  140   q  which are sequentially formed over the lower substrate  110 . 
     The thickness of the lower gate insulator  140   p  is about 4,000Å and the thickness of the upper gate insulator is about 500Å. 
     After depositing the gate insulator, a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition PECVD method is applied to form an intrinsic amorphous silicon a-Si layer  150 , in which the intrinsic amorphous silicon a-Si layer  150  includes two layers, intrinsic amorphous silicon a-Si layer  150  and extrinsic amorphous silicon a-Si layer  160 . 
     The intrinsic amorphous silicon a-Si layer  150  is made of hydrogenated amorphous silicon, and the extrinsic amorphous silicon n+a-Si layer  160  is made of amorphous silicon or silicide highly doped with n-type impurities such as phosphorus P. 
     Then, a data layer  170  is formed of molybdenum over the extrinsic amorphous silicon n+a-Si layer  160 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 9  and  FIG. 10 , a photosensitive layer  50  is formed over the data layer  170 , and then a photo mask  40  is arranged over the photosensitive layer  50 . 
     The photo mask  40  includes a light protection layer  42  on a transparent substrate  41 , the light blocking layer being divided into a light blocking region BA, a full light transmission region TA, a half light transmission region HA and a slit region SA. 
     The light protection layer  42  is formed in the light protection region BA to block all lights, and provides partial light transmission region HA. The light protection layer  42 , however, is not formed in the light transmission region TA, thus there is full light transmission, and is formed with slits in region SA, the slits being arranged in the form of projections or columns having a certain width in the slit region SA. 
     The light protection layer  42  of the half transmission region HA is thinner than the light protection region BA, and therefore the quantity of light passing the half light transmission region HA is less than the slit area SA, but more than in the light transmission region TA. The light protection layer  42  may be made of metal, such as chrome (Cr). 
     After irradiating and developing the photo sensitive film  50  through the photo mask  40 , the photo sensitive film  50  exposed to light more than a reference amount is developed or removed. Reference character  51  indicates the portion of the photosensitive film which is removed. 
     Specifically, the portions of the photosensitive film  50  beneath light protection regions BA are fully protected and remain full thickness, but the portion of photosensitive film beneath the light transmission region TA is fully developed and is removed. 
     The photosensitive film  50  beneath the half transmission region HA is about 50% developed and accordingly 50% removed. The photosensitive film  50  beneath the slit region SA is developed to a lesser thickness than the half transmission region HA because of the difference in light exposure. 
     In  FIGS. 9 and 10 , after developing process, the cross hatched areas  51  of the photosensitive film  50  are removed leaving photosensitive film in the non-cross hatched areas indicated by reference character  52 . The foregoing process creates a first photosensitive film pattern. 
     After above process, as shown in  FIG. 11  and  FIG. 12 , the data layer  170  is etched using photo sensitive film  52  as a mask, and then the other layers, such as the extrinsic amorphous silicon  160 , the intrinsic amorphous silicon layer  150  and the gate insulator film  140 , are consecutively etched. The lower film  140   p  of the gate insulator  140  is not etched at the gate pad  129  of the gate line which has the thickness of about 500Å or 800Å. 
     As shown in  FIG. 13  and  FIG. 14 , portions of photo sensitive film  52  have been removed, and the data layer  170  is revealed. More particularly, the portions of photo sensitive film  52  which were beneath the half light transmission region HA have been fully removed. However, the remaining portions of photo sensitive film  53  which were beneath the light protection region BA and slit region SA remain. This process results in the production of a second photosensitive film pattern. 
     The process of removing portions of the photosensitive film to create the second photosensitive film pattern is known as ashing. 
     With the use of the photo sensitive film  53  as a function of a mask, the data layer  170 , the extrinsic amorphous silicon layer  160  and the intrinsic amorphous silicon layer  150  are removed by etching so that a source-drain pattern  174 , a data pad  179  of the data line  171  and a protrusion  154  of the semiconductor layer  151  are formed. 
     The source-drain pattern  174  is a conductive pattern in which a source electrode is coupled to a drain electrode. A portion of part of the gate insulator  140  is removed, leaving lower film  140   p  of the gate insulator  140  over the gate pad  129  at the edge of the gate line  121  with a thickness of less than about 200Å. 
     Then, as shown in  FIG. 15  and  FIG. 16 , the photo sensitive film  53  is ashed; the source drain pattern  174  is exposed. The photo sensitive film  53  which was beneath the slit region SA is fully removed and the regions of the photo sensitive film  54  indicated by reference character which were beneath the light protection regions BA remain. The photo sensitive film  54  has a thickness which is equal to the thickness of the photoresist removed in the area which was beneath slit region SA. 
     With the photo sensitive film  54  as a function of a mask, a protrusion area  154  of the semiconductor layer  151  is exposed by sequentially etching the source-drain pattern  174  and the doped amorphous silicon pattern  164 . 
     As the source-drain pattern  174  is patterned, as shown in  FIG. 17  to  FIG. 19 , a source electrode  173  and a drain electrode  175  are formed. 
     The extrinsic amorphous silicon pattern  164  is achieved by an over etching process. In the process, the gate insulator  140  is removed by a certain amount of thickness, and includes a contact hole  141  which is formed by fully removing the lower film  140   p  of the gate insulator  140  over the gate pad  129 . The photo sensitive film  54  is removed. 
     As shown in  FIG. 20  to  FIG. 22 , the passivation layer  180  is formed over the gate insulator  140 , a gate pad  129 , a data line  171 , and a drain electrode  175 . The passivation layer  180  is generally formed of non-organic material such as silicon nitride SiNx or oxidation silicon SiOx. 
     The passivation layer  180  includes an upper and lower passivation layer, in which the upper overcoating layer is formed of non-organic insulator and the lower passivation layer is formed of organic insulator. The organic insulator may be photosensitive and may have a dielectric constant preferably about 4.0 or less. 
     By etching the passivation layer  180 , contact holes  181 ,  182 ,  183   a ,  183   b ,  185  are formed, in which a contact hole  181  is for exposing a gate pad  129 . a contact hole  182  for a data pad, a contact hole  183   a  for one end of the first storage electrode  133   a , a contact hole  183   b  for the other end of the first storage electrode  133   a  and a contact hole  185  for a drain electrode  175 . 
     Following to above process, exposing time for etching is almost evenly applied to the gate pad  129 , data pad  179  and storage electrodes  133   a ,  133   b  of the storage line  131  via contact holes  181 ,  182 ,  183   a ,  183   b  and  185 . 
     As a result, while forming the contact holes  181 ,  182 ,  183   a ,  183   b ,  185  by etching process, damage to gate pad  129 , data pad  179  and drain electrode  175  is prevented, and an inversed tapered structure is prevented from being formed. 
     As shown in  FIG. 1  to  FIG. 3 , over the contact holes  181 ,  182 ,  183   a ,  183   b ,  185  and passivation layer  180 , a transparent electrode ITO or IZO are deposited by sputtering process; a plurality of pixel electrodes  191 , a connection leg  83  and contact members  81 ,  82  are formed using a photolithograph process by photo process. 
     Although the invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood that variations and modifications can be effected within the spirit and scope of the invention as described above and as defined in the appended claims.

Technology Category: 5