Patent Document

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION  
       [0001]     This is a continuation of International Application No. PCT/JP2003/005203, filed on Apr. 23, 2003, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0002]     1. Field of the Invention  
         [0003]     The present invention generally relates to semiconductor memory devices, and particularly relates to a semiconductor memory device which performs refresh operations for retaining stored data.  
         [0004]     2. Description of the Related Art  
         [0005]     There is a strong demand for low power consumption with respect to semiconductor devices for use in portable equipment.  
         [0006]     In DRAMs that store data in memory capacitors, refresh operations are constantly performed to retain information stored in the cells by successively activating word selecting lines to read cell data, amplifying the data potentials by use of sense amplifiers, and writing the amplified data back to the cells. Such refresh operations are performed even during a standby period, so that it is necessary to reduce the currents consumed during the refresh operations in order to suppress standby currents.  
         [0007]     As a mechanism for reducing current consumption relating to refresh operations, provision may be made to provide a word line selecting shift register circuit corresponding one-to-one to each word line selecting decoder so as to select a word line selecting decoder based on the output of the word line selecting shift register circuit, rather than employing a configuration in which a counter circuit successively generates refresh addresses. With this provision, there is no need to charge and discharge the address signal lines laid out inside the semiconductor chip at the time of refresh operations, thereby making it possible to reduce the charging and discharging currents.  
         [0008]      FIG. 1  is a diagram showing an example of the construction of a typical DRAM.  
         [0009]     A DRAM  10  of  FIG. 1  includes an address-&amp;-command inputting unit  11 , an I/O unit  12  for inputting/outputting data, cell array units  13 - 1  and  13 - 2 , word decoder sets  14 - 1  and  14 - 2  for selecting word lines, amplifiers  15  for amplifying data signals when data is transmitted between the cell array units and the I/O unit, and Y decoders  16  for selecting data in the column direction. Each of the cell array units  13 - 1  and  13 - 2  is divided into a plurality of cell arrays  23 . With respect to each of the cell arrays  23 , a sense amplifier unit (S/A)  22  is provided to amplify a minute potential difference reflecting cell data on the bit lines, and a sub-word decoder (SWD)  21  is provided to selectively activate a word line.  
         [0010]     In response to an entered address and command, a word line and a column line are selected, and a data read/write operation is performed with respect to a cell(s) positioned at the intersection of the selected word line and column line. In the case of write operation, data input into the I/O unit  12  is amplified by the amplifiers  15  and the sense amplifiers  22 , followed by being stored in the selected cells. In the case of read operation, data read from the selected cells is amplified by the sense amplifiers  22  and the amplifiers  15 , followed by being output to an exterior through the I/O unit  12 .  
         [0011]     In the case of refresh operations, a word line is selected according to an address for which refresh is required, and data is read from cells connected to the selected word line, Then, the data potentials are amplified by the sense amplifiers, followed by being stored back in the cells.  
         [0012]      FIG. 2  is a drawing showing connections between word line selecting shift registers and word line selecting decoders provided for the purpose of refresh operations.  
         [0013]     As shown in  FIG. 2 , one word line selecting shift register (S/R)  31  is provided for one word decoder  30  that corresponds to one main word line MWL. In the same manner as in  FIG. 1 , the left-side word decoder set  14 - 1  corresponds to the left-side cell array unit  13 - 1 , and the right-side word decoder set  14 - 2  corresponds to the right-side cell array unit  13 - 2 . Each word line selecting shift register  31  receives a control signal cntl. In response to each pulse of the control signal cntl, shift data such as “1” successively propagates from a given word line selecting shift register  31  to a next word line selecting shift register  31 . A main word line MWL is selectively activated by the corresponding word decoder  30  where the corresponding word line selecting shift register  31  stores the shift data “1”.  
         [0014]     Between the left-side word decoder set  14 - 1  and the right-side word decoder set  14 - 2 , the shift data propagates through a signal line A so as to continue to propagate in the opposite direction.  
         [0015]     In the related-art configuration shown in  FIG. 2 , no mechanism is provided to find which one of the word line selecting shift registers  31  is in the selected state. Accordingly, it is also unknown when the shift data of the word line selecting shift registers  31  propagates from the left-hand side to the right-hand side or from the right-hand side to the left-hand side, making it impossible to ascertain which one of the left-side cell array unit  13 - 1  and the right-side cell array unit  13 - 2  is currently subjected to refresh operations. Because of this, provision is made such that the control signal cntl is always supplied to both of the word decoder sets  14 - 1  and  14 - 2 , rather than being selectively supplied to one of the word decoder sets  14 - 1  and  14 - 2 . This results in unnecessary current consumption. 
        [Patent Document  1 ] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2000-311487        
 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0017]     It is a general object of the present invention to suppress current consumption in a semiconductor memory device having the configuration in which shift registers select a word line for refresh operation.  
         [0018]     It is another and more specific object of the present invention to reduce current consumption consumed by a word decoder set not subjected to a refresh operation in a semiconductor memory device having the configuration in which shift registers select a word line for a refresh operation with respect to a plurality of word decoder sets.  
         [0019]     Features and advantages of the present invention will be presented in the description which follows, and in part will become apparent from the description and the accompanying drawings, or may be learned by practice of the invention according to the teachings provided in the description. Objects as well as other features and advantages of the present invention will be realized and attained by a semiconductor memory device particularly pointed out in the specification in such full, clear, concise, and exact terms as to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to practice the invention.  
         [0020]     To achieve these and other advantages in accordance with the purpose of the invention, the invention provides a semiconductor memory device which includes a plurality of word decoders arranged in a plurality of columns, a plurality of word line selecting shift registers corresponding to the respective word decoders to indicate a word line subjected to refresh operation, and a shift control signal generating circuit operable to supply a shift control signal indicative of timing of shift operations to the plurality of word line selecting shift registers, wherein the said shift control signal generating circuit is configured to supply the shift control signal only to a column currently subjected to refresh operation among the plurality of columns.  
         [0021]     In the semiconductor memory device as described above, the shift control signal is supplied only to a selected one of the word decoder columns, thereby making it possible to avoid needless current consumption in the unselected word decoder columns (word decoder sets). 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0022]     Other objects and further features of the present invention will be apparent from the following detailed description when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:  
         [0023]      FIG. 1  is a diagram showing an example of the construction of a typical DRAM;  
         [0024]      FIG. 2  is a drawing showing connections between word line selecting shift registers and word line selecting decoders provided for the purpose of refresh operations;  
         [0025]      FIG. 3  is a diagram showing the construction of a first embodiment of a shift register controlling circuit according to the present invention;  
         [0026]      FIG. 4  is a diagram showing an example of the circuit construction of a shift register;  
         [0027]      FIG. 5  is a diagram showing an example of the circuit construction of a right/left-array selecting circuit;  
         [0028]      FIG. 6  is a diagram showing an example of the circuit construction of a shift control signal generating circuit;  
         [0029]      FIG. 7  is a drawing showing word line selecting shift registers and word decoders organized in a hierarchical structure;  
         [0030]      FIG. 8  is a timing chart showing the operation of the word line selecting shift registers having the hierarchical structure shown in  FIG. 7 ;  
         [0031]      FIG. 9  is a diagram showing an example of the circuit construction of a word line selecting shift register;  
         [0032]      FIG. 10  is a drawing showing an example of the circuit construction of a word decoder;  
         [0033]      FIG. 11  is a drawing showing the construction of a second embodiment of the shift register controlling circuit according to the present invention;  
         [0034]      FIG. 12  is a drawing showing the construction of a third embodiment of the shift register controlling circuit according to the present invention;  
         [0035]      FIG. 13  is a drawing showing the construction of a fourth embodiment of the shift register controlling circuit according to the present invention;  
         [0036]      FIG. 14  is a drawing showing the construction of a fifth embodiment of the shift register controlling circuit according to the present invention;  
         [0037]      FIG. 15  is a drawing showing an example of the circuit construction of a right/left-array selecting circuit;  
         [0038]      FIG. 16  is a circuit diagram showing the circuit construction of a shift control signal generating circuit;  
         [0039]      FIG. 17  is a timing chart showing the operation of the word line selecting shift registers having a hierarchical structure shown in  FIG. 7  with respect to the fifth embodiment;  
         [0040]      FIG. 18  is a drawing showing the construction of a sixth embodiment of the shift register controlling circuit according to the present invention;  
         [0041]      FIG. 19  is a drawing showing the construction of a seventh embodiment of the shift register controlling circuit according to the present invention; and  
         [0042]      FIG. 20  is a circuit diagram showing an example of the circuit construction of a signal selecting circuit. 
     
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0043]     In the following, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.  
         [0044]      FIG. 3  is a diagram showing the construction of a first embodiment of a shift register controlling circuit according to the present invention.  
         [0045]     The shift register controlling circuit of  FIG. 3  includes a shift register (S/R)  40 , a right/left-array selecting circuit  41 , a shift control signal generating circuit  42 , and a shift control signal generating circuit  43 . The shift control signal generating circuits  42  and  43  generate shift control signals clk_l and clk_r for provision to the word decoder sets  14 - 1  and  14 - 2 , respectively. The word decoder sets  14 - 1  and  14 - 2  are as illustrated in  FIG. 1  and  FIG. 2 . The shift control signal clk_l is supplied as the shift control signal cntl shown in  FIG. 2  to the word decoder set  14 - 1  corresponding to the left-side cell array unit  13 - 1 . The shift control signal clk_r is supplied as the shift control signal cntl shown in  FIG. 2  to the word decoder set  14 - 2  corresponding to the right-side cell array unit  13 - 2 .  
         [0046]     In  FIG. 3 , the shift register  40  is provided separately from the word line selecting shift registers for selecting a word line selecting decoder at the time of refresh operations (e.g., the word line selecting shift registers  31  shown in  FIG. 2 ), and is provided for the monitoring purpose to indicate which one of the word line selecting shift registers is in the selected state. Based on the output of the shift register  40 , the right/left-array selecting circuit  41  generates signals reflz and refrz indicative of which one of the left and right cell array units is in the selected state. In response to the signals reflz and refrz, the shift control signal generating circuits  42  and  43  generate the shift control signal clk_l to be supplied to the left-side word decoder set  14 - 1  and the shift control signal clk_r to be supplied to the right-side word decoder set  14 - 2 , respectively.  
         [0047]      FIG. 4  is a diagram showing an example of the circuit construction of the shift register  40 .  
         [0048]     The shift register  40  of  FIG. 4  includes 2n shift registers (S/R)  50 - 1  through  50 - 2   n . The shift registers  50 - 1  through  50 - 2   n  receive a clock signal clk, and make a “1” bit propagate to a next shift register in synchronization with the clock signal clk. The clock signal clk is a pulse signal for requesting a shift at the time of refresh operations. Namely, one cycle of the clock signal clk corresponds to one cycle of refresh requests.  
         [0049]     The output of the first shift register  50 - 1  is denoted as r 2 , the output of the n-th shift register  50 - n  denoted as  11 , the output of the n+1-th shift register  50 - n + 1  denoted as  12 , and the output of the 2n-th shift register  50 - 2   n  denoted as r 1 . These signals r 1 , r 2 ,  11 , and  12  are supplied to the right/left-array selecting circuit  41 .  
         [0050]      FIG. 5  is a diagram showing an example of the circuit construction of the right/left-array selecting circuit  41 .  
         [0051]     The right/left-array selecting circuit  41  includes NOR gates  51  through  56  and inverters  57  through  62 . When the “1” bit is stored in the n−1-th shift register  50 - n − 1 , for example, the signal reflz indicating the left-side word decoder set  14 - 1  is HIGH, and the signal refrz indicating the right-side word decoder set  14 - 2  is LOW. As the “1” bit propagates to the n-th shift register  50 - n , the signal  11  becomes HIGH. In response, the output of the flip-flop comprised of the NOR gates  53  and  54  changes from HIGH to LOW, resulting the signal refrz indicative of the right side being changed from LOW to HIGH. At the next timing, the “1” bit propagates to the n+1-th shift register  50 - n + 1 , which causes the signal  12  to become HIGH. In response, the output of the flip-flop comprised of the NOR gates  51  and  52  changes from LOW to HIGH, resulting in the signal reflz indicative of the left side being changed from HIGH to LOW.  
         [0052]     When a transition is made from the left-side word decoder set  14 - 1  to the right-side word decoder set  14 - 2  as described above, the signal refrz indicative of the right-hand side changes from LOW to HIGH first, and, then, the signal reflz indicative of the left-hand side changes from HIGH to LOW at the next clock cycle. By the same token, when a transition is made from the right-side word decoder set  14 - 2  to the left-side word decoder set  14 - 1 , the signal reflz indicative of the left-hand side changes from LOW to HIGH first, and, then, the signal refrz indicative of the right-hand side changes from HIGH to LOW at the next clock cycle.  
         [0053]      FIG. 6  is a diagram showing an example of the circuit construction of the shift control signal generating circuit  42 .  
         [0054]     The shift control signal generating circuit  42  of  FIG. 6  includes an NAND gate  71  and an inverter  72 . As illustrated, the shift control signal generating circuit  42  is a simple AND circuit, and outputs the clock signal clk as the shift control signal clk_l only when the signal reflz indicative of the left-hand side is HIGH. The shift control signal generating circuit  43  has the same construction as that shown in  FIG. 6 , and outputs the clock signal clk as the shift control signal clk_r only when the signal refrz indicative of the right-hand side is HIGH.  
         [0055]     As a result, the left-side shift control signal clk_l is supplied as a clock signal only when the left-side word decoder set  14 - 1  is selected, and the right-side shift control signal clk_r is supplied as a clock signal only when the right-side word decoder set  14 - 2  is selected. Accordingly, the control signal cntl is selectively supplied to only one of the word decoder sets  14 - 1  and  14 - 2 , thereby avoiding needless current consumption in the unselected decoder set.  
         [0056]     As was described in connection with the right/left-array selecting circuit  41  of  FIG. 5 , the signal reflz indicative of the left-hand side and the signal refrz indicative of the right-hand side overlap with each other for one clock cycle at the time of a transition when the selected position is shifted between the left-hand side and the right-hand side. Namely, both of these signals become HIGH at the same time for one clock cycle. Accordingly, the left-side shift control signal clk_l and the right-side shift control signal clk_r each generate one clock pulse simultaneously at the time of transition. This ensures that the shift data “1” of the word line selecting shift registers is handed over between the left-hand side and the right-hand side without a problem.  
         [0057]     The word line selecting shift registers  31  provided in the word decoder set  14 - 1  and the word decoder set  14 - 2  may be configured into a hierarchical structure in which they are divided into a plurality of blocks.  
         [0058]      FIG. 7  is a drawing showing word line selecting shift registers and word decoders organized in a hierarchical structure.  
         [0059]      FIG. 7  shows word decoders  81 , word line selecting shift registers (S/R)  82 , refresh control signal generating circuits  83 , and refresh block latches  84 . The word decoders  81  are grouped into a plurality of blocks, and each of these blocks is provided with one refresh control signal generating circuit  83  and one refresh block latch  84 . The refresh control signal generating circuits  83  corresponding to the left-hand-side word decoder line receive the shift control signal clk_l, and the refresh control signal generating circuits  83  corresponding to the right-hand-side word decoder line receive the shift control signal clk_r.  
         [0060]     Each refresh block latch  84  receives and holds “1” from the last word line selecting shift register  82  of the preceding block, thereby indicating that the corresponding block is a block for selection. While the corresponding block is a block for selection, the output of the refresh block latch  84  is “1”, which is supplied to the refresh control signal generating circuit  83 . The refresh control signal generating circuit  83  generates shift control signals six and siz (i: an integer indicating a block) based on the shift control signal clk_l (or clk_r) while the output of the refresh block latch  84  is “1” (i.e., while the corresponding block is being selected). In synchronization with these shift control signals, the “1” data is successively shifted through a series of shift registers comprised of the word line selecting shift registers  82 .  
         [0061]      FIG. 8  is a timing chart showing the operation of the word line selecting shift registers having the hierarchical structure shown in  FIG. 7 .  
         [0062]     As shown in  FIG. 8 , only one of the shift control signals clk_l and clk_r (see  FIG. 3 ) generated by the shift register  40 , right/left-array selecting circuit  41 , and shift control signal generating circuits  42  and  43  based on the clock signal clk is in the activated state, corresponding to which one of the right and left arrays is selected. Further, the shift control signals clk_l and clk_r are generated such that one clock pulse overlaps at the time of transition.  
         [0063]     A signal rbi (i: an integer indicating a block) generated by the corresponding refresh block latch  84  becomes HIGH when the corresponding block is selected. As shown in  FIG. 8 , the shift control signal s 3   z  (and s 3   x ) supplied to the word line selecting shift registers  82  of the third block is activated during the period in which the signal rb 3  is HIGH (i.e., when the third block is in the selected state). Further, the shift control signal s 4   z  (and s 4   x ) supplied to the word line selecting shift registers  82  of the fourth block is activated during the period in which the signal rb 4  is HIGH (i.e., when the fourth block is in the selected state). As shown in  FIG. 8 , the shift control signal of a given block (e.g., s 3   z ) and the shift control signal of the immediately following block (e.g., s 4   z ) are generated such that one clock pulse overlap at the time of transition. In this manner, provision is made to generate one overlapping clock pulse not only at the time of a transition between the right and the left but also at the time of a transition between the blocks.  
         [0064]     The signals r 1 , r 2 ,  11 , and  12  shown near the bottom of  FIG. 8  are supplied from the shift register  40  to the right/left-array selecting circuit  41  (see  FIG. 4  and  FIG. 5 ).  
         [0065]      FIG. 9  is a diagram showing an example of the circuit construction of the word line selecting shift register  82  (or word line selecting shift register  31 ).  
         [0066]     The word line selecting shift register  82  of  FIG. 9  includes PMOS transistors  91  through  97 , NMOS transistors  98  through  104 , and transfer gates  105  and  106 . The transfer gates are each comprised of a PMOS transistor and an NMOS transistor connected in parallel. The PMOS transistors  92  and  93  and the NMOS transistors  101  and  102  constitute a first latch. Further, the PMOS transistors  96  and  97  and the NMOS transistors  103  and  104  constitute a second latch.  
         [0067]     In response to the shift control signal six and siz (i: an integer indicative of a block) supplied from the refresh control signal generating circuit  83 , the transfer gates  105  and  106  are opened or closed. With the transfer gate  105  being open, the first latch stores input data “in”. As the transfer gate  105  closes and the transfer gate  106  opens, the data of the first latch is transferred to the second latch for storage therein. The data stored in the second latch will be retained therein until the transfer gate  106 , subsequently closing, opens again at the next cycle.  
         [0068]     In this manner, a register that retains data for one clock cycle is provided.  
         [0069]      FIG. 10  is a drawing showing an example of the circuit construction of the word decoder  81  (or the word decoder  30 ).  
         [0070]     The word decoder of  FIG. 10  includes NMOS transistors  111  through  121  and PMOS transistors  122  through  125 . At the time of refresh operation, the selecting signal sel is set equal to LOW. As a result, the NMOS transistor  114  is tuned off, and the NMOS transistor  116  is turned on. A terminal A receives an output of the word line selecting shift register. As the word line selecting shift register selects the word decoder of interest, the terminal A becomes HIGH, resulting in the NMOS transistor  115  being conductive. In response, a node B is changed to LOW, which causes the main word line MWL to be placed in the selected state (LOW).  
         [0071]     If access is requested from an exterior of the device while refresh operations are successively performed for each word line, the selecting signal sel is set equal to HIGH. In this case, the main word line MWL corresponding to a specified address is placed in the selected state in response to the address signal supplied from the exterior. In the case of  FIG. 10 , the node B becomes LOW to put the main word line MWL in the selected state (LOW) when all address signals Add-a through Add-c are HIGH.  
         [0072]      FIG. 11  is a drawing showing the construction of a second embodiment of the shift register controlling circuit according to the present invention. In  FIG. 11 , the same elements as those of  FIG. 3  are referred to by the same numerals, and a description thereof will be omitted.  
         [0073]     In the construction shown in  FIG. 11 , the shift register  40  of the construction shown in  FIG. 3  is replaced by a counter-&amp;-decoder circuit  40 A. The counter-&amp;-decoder circuit  40 A includes a counter for counting up (or counting down) in synchronization with the clock signal clk, and further includes a decoder for decoding the count of the counter. With this provision, it is possible to provide the function equivalent to that provided by the shift register  40 . In should be noted that as decoder outputs, only the counter decoded values corresponding to the signals r 1 , r 2 ,  11 , and  12  of  FIG. 4  may be output. This makes it possible to implement a decoder by use of a small-scale circuit.  
         [0074]      FIG. 12  is a drawing showing the construction of a third embodiment of the shift register controlling circuit according to the present invention. In  FIG. 12 , the same elements as those of  FIG. 3  are referred to by the same numerals, and a description thereof will be omitted.  
         [0075]     In the construction shown in  FIG. 12 , a check as to which one of the right and left arrays is in the selected state is made by utilizing the outputs of the word line selecting shift registers  82  arranged in the word decoder sets  14 - 1  and  14 - 2 , rather than using the shift register  40  as in the first embodiment or the counter-&amp;-decoder circuit  40 A as in the second embodiment. Specifically, the output of the word line selecting shift register  82  situated at the turning-back point from the left-hand side to the right-hand side is denoted as r 1 , and the output of the word line selecting shift register  82  situated at the turning-back point from the right-hand side to the left-hand side is denoted as  11 . Further, the output of the word line selecting shift register  82  situated immediately following the turning-back point from the left-hand side to the right-hand side is denoted as r 2 , and the output of the word line selecting shift register  82  situated immediately following the turning-back point from the right-hand side to the left-hand side is denoted as  12 .  
         [0076]     To be specific, in  FIG. 7 , for example, an output po 2  on of a word line selecting shift register  82  is r 1 , and an output po 300  of a word line selecting shift register  82  is r 2 .  
         [0077]     With this provision, signals r 1 , r 2 ,  11 , and  12  equivalent to those of  FIG. 4  are obtained. The signals r 1 , r 2 ,  11 , and  12  extracted from the word decoder sets  14 - 1  and  14 - 2  as described above are supplied to the right/left-array selecting circuit  41 . The operations of the right/left-array selecting circuit  41  and the shift control signal generating circuits  42  and  43  are the same as those of the first embodiment previously described.  
         [0078]     It may be necessary to transfer the signals r 1  and r 2  through long-distance wires. To this end, buffers  131  through  134  are provided.  
         [0079]      FIG. 13  is a drawing showing the construction of a fourth embodiment of the shift register controlling circuit according to the present invention. In  FIG. 13 , the same elements as those of  FIG. 3  are referred to by the same numerals, and a description thereof will be omitted.  
         [0080]     In the third embodiment shown in  FIG. 12 , the outputs of the word line selecting shift registers  82  situated immediately following the turning-back points are extracted for use. Namely, in  FIG. 7 , for example, the output po 300  of the word line selecting shift register  82  situated immediately following the turning-back point needs to be extracted. In such configuration, there is a need to extract signals from the word line selecting shift registers densely arranged in the word decoder sets, and it is difficult to secure sufficient space for wires for extracting signals.  
         [0081]     In the fourth embodiment shown in  FIG. 13 , provision is made to extract an output signal from a word line selecting shift register situated at the last stage of the word decoder block situated immediately following a turning-back point, rather than extracting a signal from a word line selecting shift register situated immediately following the turning-back point. Namely, in  FIG. 7 , for example, what is to be extracted is not the output po 300  of the word line selecting shift register  82  situated immediately following the turning-back point, but an output po 3  on of a word line selecting shift register  82  at the last stage of the word decoder block situated immediately following the turning-back point. Since there is sufficient space between word decoder blocks, such configuration as described here makes it possible to easily secure sufficient space for wires.  
         [0082]     In the first through third embodiments, the output signals reflz and refrz of the right/left-array selecting circuit  41  overlap each other for one clock cycle at the time of transition between the right-hand side and the left-hand side. In the fourth embodiment, however, the output signals reflz and refrz of the right/left-array selecting circuit  41  end up overlapping for one block at the time of transition between the right-hand side and the left-hand side. Namely, if the number of the word line selecting shift registers  82  in one block is k, these signals overlap each other for a duration of k clock cycles. This slightly degrades the effect of current reduction. If division into blocks is finely made, however, such degradation is negligible.  
         [0083]      FIG. 14  is a drawing showing the construction of a fifth embodiment of the shift register controlling circuit according to the present invention. In  FIG. 14 , the same elements as those of  FIG. 3  are referred to by the same numerals, and a description thereof will be omitted.  
         [0084]     In the fifth embodiment, signals extracted from the word line selecting shift registers include only the signals r 1  and  11  at the turning-back point. In addition, a right/left-array selecting circuit  41 A is provided in place of the right/left-array selecting circuit  41  used in the first through fourth embodiments, and receives the signals r 1  and  11 . Further, shift control signal generating circuits  42 A and  43 A are provided in place of the shift control signal generating circuits  42  and  43  used in the first through fourth embodiments.  
         [0085]      FIG. 15  is a drawing showing an example of the circuit construction of the right/left-array selecting circuit  41 A.  
         [0086]     As shown in  FIG. 15 , the right/left-array selecting circuit  41 A includes NOR gates  141  and  142  and inverters  143  and  144 . Each time the signal r 1  or  11  indicating a turning back becomes HIGH, the flip-flop comprised of the NOR gates  141  and  142  is inverted as to its state. As a result, the output signals reflz and refrz serve to indicate which one of the right and left word decoder sets is in the selected sate.  
         [0087]      FIG. 16  is a circuit diagram showing the circuit construction of the shift control signal generating circuit  42 A. The shift control signal generating circuit  43 A has the same circuit construction.  
         [0088]     The shift control signal generating circuit  42 A of  FIG. 16  includes inverters  151  through  157 , gated inverters  158  and  159 , transfer gates  160  and  161 , a NOR gate  162 , and an AND gate  163 . The inverter  154  and the gated inverter  158  together form a first latch. The inverter  155  and the gated inverter  159  constitute a second latch. When the signal reflz is HIGH, an node N that is an inverse of the output of the NOR gate  162  is fixed to HIGH, so that the input clock signal clk is output as the shift control signal clk_l without any change. The signal reflz changes to LOW thereafter. Since the output of the second latch remains HIGH despite this change, the node N also remains HIGH. Then, the change to LOW of the signal reflz propagates through the first latch and the second latch, resulting in the node N changing to LOW one clock cycle later. With the node N changing to LOW, the shift control signal clk_l is placed in an inactive state (fixed to LOW).  
         [0089]     As described above, the shift control signal generating circuits  42 A and  43 A have the period extending function to extend the duration of shift control signal generation by one clock cycle of refresh requests, providing an extension after the switching of selected states between the right-hand side and the left-hand side.  
         [0090]      FIG. 17  is a timing chart showing the operation of the word line selecting shift registers having a hierarchical structure shown in  FIG. 7  with respect to the fifth embodiment. Among the signals shown in  FIG. 17 , signals refrz, reflz, N(R), and N(L) illustrated near the bottom of the figure differ from those shown in  FIG. 8 .  
         [0091]     The signals refrz and reflz serve to indicate which one of the right and left word decoder sets is in the selected state, as was described in connection with  FIG. 15 . The signals N(L) and N(R) are the signal of the node N of the shift control signal generating circuit  42 A (see  FIG. 16 ) and the signal of the node N of the shift control signal generating circuit  43 A, respectively. As was described in connection with  FIG. 16 , the signals N(L) and N(R) are extended by one cycle compared to the signals reflz and refrz, respectively. Because of this, the shift control signals clk_l and clk_r overlap each other by one clock cycle at the time of switching between the right-hand side and the left-hand side.  
         [0092]      FIG. 18  is a drawing showing the construction of a sixth embodiment of the shift register controlling circuit according to the present invention. In  FIG. 18 , the same elements as those of  FIG. 3  are referred to by the same numerals, and a description thereof will be omitted.  
         [0093]     The sixth embodiment relates to a configuration in which a small-scale shift register circuit is used as a monitor-purpose shift register circuit. In the sixth embodiment shown in  FIG. 18 , a shift register (S/R)  40 B, counters  171 - 1  through  171 -N, and a signal selecting circuit  172  are provided in place of the 2n-bit shift register  40  shown in  FIG. 3 . The shift register  40 B is an n/N-bit shift register (i.e., a shift register circuit comprised of n/N stages) where n is the number of the word line selecting shift registers provided in one line. Further, there are a total of N counters  171 - 1  through  171 -N.  
         [0094]     The counters  171 - 1  through  171 -N count up by one each time data “1” shifts all the way to the last stage (n/N-th stage) in the monitoring-purpose shift register  40 B. From the monitoring-purpose shift register  40 B, the first stage output and the n-th state output are extracted and supplied to the signal selecting circuit  172  as po 00  and po-n. Further, the carry-up signals of the respective counters  171 - 1  through  171 -N are also supplied to the signal selecting circuit  172  as Flag 1 , Flag 2 , . . . , and FlagN. The signal selecting circuit  172  performs a logic operation on these supplied signals to generate the signals r 1 , r 2 ,  11 , and  12 .  
         [0095]      FIG. 19  is a drawing showing the construction of a seventh embodiment of the shift register controlling circuit according to the present invention. In  FIG. 19 , the same elements as those of  FIG. 18  are referred to by the same numerals, and a description thereof will be omitted.  
         [0096]     In  FIG. 19 , the shift register  40 B is replaced by a counter-&amp;-decoder circuit  40 C. The counter-&amp;-decoder circuit  40 C includes a counter for counting up (or counting down) in synchronization with the clock signal clk, and further includes a decoder for decoding the count of the counter. With this provision, it is possible to provide the function equivalent to that provided by the shift register  40 B. In should be noted that as decoder outputs, only the counter decoded values corresponding to the signals r 1 , r 2 ,  11 , and  12  may be output. This makes it possible to implement a decoder by use of a small-scale circuit.  
         [0097]      FIG. 20  is a circuit diagram showing an example of the circuit construction of the signal selecting circuit  172 .  
         [0098]     The signal selecting circuit  172  of  FIG. 20  is directed to an example in which N is  2 , and includes AND gates  181  through  184 , NAND gates  185  through  188 , and inverters  189  and  190 . An output F 1  (shown as Flag 1  in  FIG. 18  and  FIG. 19 ) of the first stage counter circuit  171 - 1  and an output F 2  (shown as Flag 2  in  FIG. 18  and  FIG. 19 ) of the second stage counter circuit  171 - 2  are decoded by the AND gates  181  through  184  and the inverters  189  and  190 , thereby determining which lap is being performed by the shift register  40 B or  40 C. Based on this determination, either the first-stage output po 00  or the n-th-stage output po-n is selectively output. This successfully generates the signals r 1 , r 2 ,  11 , and  12  as signals indicating the occurrence of switching between the word line selecting shift register lines and also as signals indicating advancement of one stage after such switching.  
         [0099]     Although the present invention has been described with reference to embodiments, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments. Various variations and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the Claimed invention.  
         [0100]     For example, the above embodiments have been described with reference to an example in which the word decoder sets are arranged in two lines. Even if three or more lines are provided, shift control signals may be generated in the same manner as in the disclosed embodiments so as to deactivate the shift control signals in the unselected lines, thereby reducing needless power consumption.

Technology Category: 3