Patent Document

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application claims the benefit of Japanese Priority Patent Application JP 2013-036303 filed Feb. 26, 2013, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0002]    The present technology relates to a solid-state imaging device and an electronic apparatus, and particularly to a solid-state imaging device and an electronic apparatus that are such that the solid-state imaging device can be obtained in a small size at a low cost. 
         [0003]    In the related art, there is known a solid-state imaging device in which a pixel array unit in which multiple unit pixels with each having a photo diode and others are arranged and a peripheral circuit for performing drive of the unit pixel or read-out of pixel data and so on are provided in one chip. 
         [0004]    When designing such a solid-state imaging device, if making the chip smaller is given priority over the number of pixels, the more decreased the number of pixels, the greater an area occupied by the peripheral circuit or a pad in the chip compared to an area of the pixel array unit. For this reason, a lower limit value of a chip size is rate-controlled compared to areas of the peripheral circuit and the pad. 
         [0005]    Then, a technology has been proposed in which the solid-state imaging device is made smaller by mounting a high-breakdown-voltage-transistor type circuit and the pixel array unit among the peripheral circuits in the first chip, mounting a low-breakdown-voltage-transistor type circuit among the peripheral circuits in the second chip, and laminating the two chips one on top of another (for example, refer to Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2011-159958). 
       SUMMARY 
       [0006]    Therefore, with the technology described above, it is difficult to realize making the solid-state imaging device smaller at a lower cost. 
         [0007]    Specifically, the solid-state imaging device, if it has a laminated structure, can be made smaller, but when the peripheral circuit in the chip that makes up the solid-state imaging device, for example, in the first chip, includes a resistance element or a capacitance element, the number of masks necessary for manufacturing the first chip is increased. When this is done, a mask cost is increased and thus it is not possible to manufacture the solid-state imaging device at a low cost. 
         [0008]    It is desirable to provide a small-sized solid-state imaging device that can be obtained at a low cost. 
         [0009]    According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a solid-state imaging device is provided. The solid-state imaging device includes a first substrate with a pixel array unit in a peripheral circuit. The device further includes a second substrate that is stacked on the first substrate. The second substrate includes a peripheral circuit with at least one of a resistance element or a capacitance element. Moreover, the peripheral circuit of the second substrate at least one of: includes a resistance element and the peripheral circuit of the first substrate does not include a resistance element; includes a capacitance element and the peripheral circuit of the first substrate does not include a capacitance element; or includes both a resistance element and a capacitance element, and the peripheral circuit of the first substrate includes neither a resistance element nor a capacitance element. 
         [0010]    In accordance with further embodiments of the present disclosure, an electronic apparatus is provided. The electronic apparatus includes an optical system, and a solid-state imaging device that receives light from the optical system. The solid-state imaging device includes a first substrate with a pixel array unit and a peripheral circuit. The solid-state imaging device further includes a second substrate that is stacked on the first substrate. The second substrate includes a peripheral circuit that itself includes at least one of a resistance element or a capacitance element. In addition, the peripheral circuit of the second substrate either: includes a resistance element and a peripheral circuit of the first substrate does not include a resistance element; includes a capacitance element and the peripheral circuit of the first substrate does not include a capacitance element; and includes both a resistance element and a capacitance element and the peripheral circuit of the first substrate includes neither a resistance element nor a capacitance element. The apparatus further includes a drive circuit that generates timing signals provided to the solid-state imaging device, and a signal processing circuit that performs signal processing on an output signal from the solid-state imaging device. 
         [0011]    In accordance with still further embodiments of the present disclosure, an imaging device is provided. The imaging device includes a first substrate, and a second substrate, wherein the first substrate is stacked on the second substrate. A pixel array unit is included in the first substrate. A comparator is included in a first one of the first substrate and the second substrate. A reference supply unit is included in a second one of the first substrate and the second substrate. In addition, a bias generation circuit is included in the second one of the first substrate and the second one of the first substrate and the second substrate. 
         [0012]    According to the embodiments of the present technology, the small-sized solid-state imaging device can be obtained at a low cost. 
         [0013]    Additional features and advantages of embodiments of the present disclosure will become more readily apparent from the following description, particularly when taken together with the accompanying drawings. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0014]      FIG. 1  is a diagram for describing an outline of the present technology. 
           [0015]      FIG. 2  is a diagram illustrating a detailed configuration example of a solid-state imaging device. 
           [0016]      FIG. 3  is a diagram illustrating a detailed configuration example of the solid-state imaging device. 
           [0017]      FIG. 4  is a diagram illustrating a detailed configuration example of the solid-state imaging device. 
           [0018]      FIG. 5  is a diagram illustrating a detailed configuration example of the solid-state imaging device. 
           [0019]      FIG. 6  is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a bias generation circuit. 
           [0020]      FIG. 7  is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a negative electric potential generation circuit. 
           [0021]      FIG. 8  is a diagram for describing a clock and a control signal that are supplied to the negative electric potential generation circuit. 
           [0022]      FIG. 9  is a diagram illustrating a detailed configuration example of the solid-state imaging device. 
           [0023]      FIG. 10  is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the negative electric potential generation circuit. 
           [0024]      FIG. 11  is a diagram illustrating a detailed configuration example of the solid-state imaging device. 
           [0025]      FIG. 12  is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the negative electric potential generation circuit. 
           [0026]      FIG. 13  is a diagram for describing suppression of noise by a contact. 
           [0027]      FIG. 14  is a diagram for describing suppression of the noise by a signal line. 
           [0028]      FIG. 15  is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of an electronic apparatus. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0029]    Embodiments to which the present technology is applied are described below referring to the drawings. 
       First Embodiment 
     Outline of the Present Technology 
       [0030]    The solid-state imaging device to which the present technology is applied is made from a solid-state imaging element, such as a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor, and has a laminated structure as illustrated in  FIG. 1 . 
         [0031]    That is, a solid-state imaging device  11  has the laminated structure in which an upper chip or substrate  21 , a CMOS image sensor (CIS) chip, is laminated or stacked on a lower chip or substrate  22 , a logic chip. When capturing an image, the upper chip  21  is arranged at the side of an imaging lens. Furthermore, for example, the upper chip  21  is manufactured using a CIS process, and the lower chip  22  is manufactured using a high-speed logic process. 
         [0032]    A pixel array unit  31  that is made from multiple unit pixels, each of which receives incident light from a photography object and photoelectricity-converts the light, and a peripheral circuit  32 - 1  that controls the drive of the solid-state imaging device  11  are provided on the upper chip  21  that makes up the solid-state imaging device  11 . 
         [0033]    Furthermore, a peripheral circuit  32 - 2  that controls the drive of the solid-state imaging device  11  is provided on the lower chip  22  that makes up the solid-state imaging device  11 . For example, the peripheral circuit  32 - 1  and the peripheral circuit  32 - 2  control the drive of each unit pixel of the pixel array unit  31 , or control various processing tasks that are performed in the solid-state imaging device  11 , such as processing that reads out a signal that is obtained in each unit pixel, or processing that generates image data from the read-out signal. Moreover, the peripheral circuit  32 - 1  and the peripheral circuit  32 - 2 , when it is not necessary to particularly distinguish between them, are collectively referred to as a peripheral circuit  32 . 
         [0034]    Incidentally, in a case where an area of the pixel array unit  31  is greater than a total of areas of all the peripheral circuits  32 , if only the pixel array unit  31  is arranged in the upper chip  21  and the peripheral circuits  32  are arranged in the lower chip  22 , a floor plan of the chip for minimizing the solid-state imaging device  11  can be realized. 
         [0035]    On the other hand, in a case where the area of the pixel array unit  31  is smaller than the total of areas of all the peripheral circuits  32 , if only the pixel array unit  31  is arranged in the upper chip  21  and the peripheral circuits  32  are arranged in the lower chip  22 , a region into which none is integrated occurs in the upper chip  21 . In summary, the region of the upper chip  21  remains unoccupied. 
         [0036]    Accordingly, according to the present technology, making the solid-state imaging device  11  smaller can be realized by arranging not only the pixel array unit  31  but also the peripheral circuit  32 - 1 , one part of the peripheral circuit  32 , on the upper chip  21 , as illustrated in the upper portion of  FIG. 1 . 
         [0037]    Furthermore, in the solid-state imaging device  11 , the peripheral circuit  32 - 1  that is arranged in the upper chip  21  is a circuit that include at least neither a resistance element nor a capacitance element, and the peripheral circuit  32 - 2  that is arranged in the lower chip  22  is a circuit in which the resistance element or the capacitance element is provided when necessary. In summary, in the solid-state imaging device  11 , at least either the resistance elements or the capacitance elements that are provided within the peripheral circuit  32  are all formed in the lower chip  22 . 
         [0038]    For example, in a case of manufacturing the upper chip  21 , when the peripheral circuit  32 - 1  in the upper chip  21  includes the resistance element or the capacitance element, the number of masks that are necessary for manufacturing the upper chip  21  is increased and thus a manufacturing cost of the upper chip  21  is increased. 
         [0039]    Accordingly, according to the present technology, when considering a mask cost and the like, the manufacturing cost of the upper chip  21  is suppressed by setting a circuit not including the resistance element to be the peripheral circuit  32 - 1  or by setting a circuit not including the capacitance element to be the peripheral circuit  32 - 1 . Accordingly, the solid-state imaging device  11  can be manufactured at a lower cost. 
         [0040]    Configuration Example of Solid-State Imaging Device 
         [0041]    Next, a configuration example of the solid-state imaging device  11  described above is described in more detail. 
         [0042]    For example, the solid-state imaging device  11  is configured as illustrated in detail in  FIG. 2 . Moreover, in  FIG. 2 , like reference numerals are given to like parts that correspond to those in  FIG. 1 , and descriptions of the like parts are appropriately omitted. 
         [0043]    The solid-state imaging device  11  described in  FIG. 2  is configured from a pixel array unit  31 , a timing control circuit  61 , a vertical decoder  62 , a vertical drive circuit  63 , a reference signal supply unit  64 , a comparator  65 , a counter circuit  66 , a horizontal scan circuit  67 , a pixel signal processing unit  68 , an output interface (IF)  69 , a bias generation circuit  70 , and a negative electric potential generation circuit  71 . 
         [0044]    In this example, circuits each of which does not include a low-breakdown-voltage transistor and the resistance element and is made from a high-breakdown-voltage transistor are integrated as the peripheral circuits  32 - 1  into the upper chip  21 . That is, the pixel array unit  31 , and the vertical decoder  62 , and the vertical drive circuit  63  and the comparator  65  as the peripheral circuits  32 - 1  are integrated into the upper chip  21 . For example, the comparator  65  is configured in such a manner as not to include the resistance element. 
         [0045]    At this point, the high-breakdown-voltage transistor is a transistor in which a thickness of a gate oxide film, a gate insulating film, is set to be greater than that of a normal MOS transistor, and which can operate without problems at a high voltage. Furthermore, the low-breakdown-voltage transistor is a transistor in which a thickness of the gate insulating film is set to be the same as that of the normal MOS transistor or less, and which can operate at high speed at a low voltage and is lower in breakdown voltage than the high-breakdown-voltage transistor. 
         [0046]    For example, when both of the high-breakdown-voltage transistor and the low-breakdown-voltage transistor are integrated into the upper chip  21 , the number of masks is increased when manufacturing the upper chip  21  and the mask cost is increased. For this reason, from a perspective of the manufacturing cost, it is preferable that the high-breakdown-voltage transistor and the low-breakdown-voltage transistor be separately arranged in the upper chip  21  and lower chip  22 , respectively. Furthermore, it is preferable that an element, high in breakdown voltage, be arranged in the vicinity of the pixel array unit  31 , because the pixel array unit  31  provided in the upper chip  21  is driven at a high voltage. 
         [0047]    Accordingly, in the solid-state imaging device  11 , the manufacturing of the solid-state imaging device  11  at a low cost is accomplished by arranging the peripheral circuit  32  including the high-breakdown-voltage transistor in the upper chip  21  and by arranging the peripheral circuit  32  including the low-breakdown-voltage transistor in the lower chip  22 . 
         [0048]    Furthermore, in the solid-state imaging device  11 , the timing control circuit  61 , the reference signal supply unit  64 , the counter circuit  66 , the horizontal scan circuit  67 , the pixel signal processing unit  68 , the output IF  69 , the bias generation circuit  70 , and the negative electric potential generation circuit  71  are integrated as the peripheral circuits  32 - 2  into the lower chip  22 . 
         [0049]    For example, the timing control circuit  61 , the counter circuit  66 , the horizontal scan circuit  67 , the pixel signal processing unit  68 , and the output IF  69  are a circuit in which the low-breakdown-voltage transistor that has a higher performance than the high-breakdown-voltage transistor is preferably used. Furthermore, the reference signal supply unit  64 , the bias generation circuit  70 , and the negative electric potential generation circuit  71  are circuits that include a resistance element. 
         [0050]    In  FIG. 2 , the solid-state imaging device  11  has the pixel array unit  31  in which unit pixels not illustrated, each including a photoelectric transducer, are two-dimensionally arranged, in rows and columns, that is, in the shape of a matrix. Furthermore, the comparator  65  and the counter circuit  66  as a circuit that makes up a column processing unit  81  are provided in the solid-state imaging device  11 . 
         [0051]    In the solid-state imaging device  11 , the timing control circuit  61  generates a clock signal, a control signal, or the like that serves as an operation reference for the vertical drive circuit  63 , the column processing unit  81 , the reference signal supply unit  64 , the negative electric potential generation circuit  71 , the horizontal scan circuit  67 , and the like, based on a master clock. 
         [0052]    Furthermore, a peripheral drive mechanism that drive-controls each unit pixel of the pixel array unit  31 , or an analog mechanism, that is, the vertical drive circuit  63 , the comparator  65  of the column processing unit  81 , and the like are integrated into the upper chip  21  in the same manner as the pixel array unit  31 . On the other hand, the timing control circuit  61 , the reference signal supply unit  64 , the pixel signal processing unit  68 , and the counter circuit  66  of the column processing unit  81 , and the horizontal scan circuit  67  are integrated into the lower chip  22 , a separate semiconductor substrate from the upper chip  21 . 
         [0053]    The unit pixel provided in the pixel array unit  31 , although its illustration is omitted, has a photoelectric transducer, such as a photo diode. In addition to the photoelectric transducer, the unit pixel has, for example, a transmission transistor that transmits an electric charge, which is obtained by performing photoelectric conversion in the photoelectric transducer, to a floating diffusion unit (hereinafter referred to as an FD unit). 
         [0054]    For the unit pixel, a three-transistor configuration can be applied that, in addition to the transmission transistor, includes a reset transistor that controls an electric potential of the FD unit and an amplification transistor that outputs a signal that depends on the electric potential of the FD unit. Alternatively, for the unit pixel, a four-transistor configuration and the like can be employed that separately includes a selection transistor in order to further perform pixel selection. 
         [0055]    In the pixel array unit  31 , unit pixels in m rows and n columns are two-dimensionally arranged, and with respect to the m-row and n-column arrangement, a row control line is provided to each row for wiring and a column signal line is provided to each column for wiring. Each end of the row control line is connected to each output terminal that depends on each row in the vertical drive circuit  63 . The vertical drive circuit  63  is configured from shift registers and the like, and performs row address control and row scan control on the pixel array unit  31  via the row control line. 
         [0056]    For the transmission transistor and the selection transistor of the unit pixel, it is recommended that a negative voltage be applied to a gate at an off time. With the transmission transistor, an occurrence of a dark signal can be prevented, and with the selection transistor, a leakage current can be prevented. The negative voltage is generated in the negative electric potential generation circuit  71  that functions as a charge pump circuit, and is supplied to the transmission transistor and the selection transistor within the pixel array unit  31  via the vertical drive circuit  63 . 
         [0057]    The bias generation circuit  70  is a circuit that generates a reference voltage and a reference current that is minutely influenced by a disturbance such as a temperature or a power source voltage. The reference voltage and the reference current, which are generated in the bias generation circuit  70 , are supplied to the comparator  65 , the reference signal supply unit  64 , the negative electric potential generation circuit  71 , and the output IF  69 . 
         [0058]    The column processing unit  81  has an analog digital converter (ADC) that is provided, for example, to every column in the pixel array unit  31 , that is, to every vertical signal line LSGN, converts an analog signal that is output from each unit pixel of the pixel array unit  31  to every column into a digital signal and outputs the result of the conversion. 
         [0059]    The reference signal supply unit  64  has, for example, a digital analog converter (DAC) in which a level changes in an inclined form as time goes by, and which generates a reference voltage Vref in a so-called ramp waveform. Moreover, the unit that generates the reference voltage Vref in the ramp waveform is not limited to the DAC. 
         [0060]    Under the control of the control signal given by the timing control circuit  61 , the DAC of the reference signal supply unit  64  generates the reference voltage Vref in the ramp waveform, based on a clock given by the timing control circuit  61  and supplies the generated reference voltage Vref to the ADC of the column processing unit  81 . 
         [0061]    Moreover, each ADC of the column processing unit  81  has a configuration that can selectively perform AD conversion operations that correspond to an operational mode of a normal frame rate mode in a progressive scan method in which the information in all the unit pixels is read out and an operational mode of a high-speed frame rate mode, respectively. 
         [0062]    At this point, the high-speed the frame rate mode is an operational mode in which an exposure time of the unit pixel is set to 1/N and increases a frame rate to N times as much, for example, to two times as much, compared to a case of the normal frame rate mode. Switching to this operational mode is executed under the control of the control signal given by the timing control circuit  61 . Furthermore, an external system controller (not illustrated) gives the timing control circuit  61  instruction information for switching between the operational mode of the normal frame rate mode and the operational mode of the high-speed frame rate mode. 
         [0063]    Furthermore, all the ADCs of the column processing unit  81  have the same configuration, and the ADC is made from the comparator  65  and the counter circuit  66 . For example, the ADC has a up/down counter, a transmission switch, and a memory device. 
         [0064]    The comparator  65  compares a signal voltage of the vertical signal line LSGN that depends on a signal that is output from each unit pixel in the n-th column in the pixel array unit  31  and the reference voltage Vref in the ramp waveform that is supplied from the reference signal supply unit  64 . 
         [0065]    In the comparator  65 , for example, when the reference voltage Vref is greater than the signal voltage, an output Vco is at an “H” level, and when the reference voltage Vref is the signal voltage or less, the output Vco is at an “L” level. 
         [0066]    The counter circuit  66 , that is, the up/down counter, is an asynchronous counter, and the control signal from the timing control circuit  61  is supplied to the counter circuit  66 . A clock is supplied to the DAC of the reference signal supply unit  64 , and at the same time, a clock from the timing control circuit  61  is given. 
         [0067]    The counter circuit  66  is synchronized with the clock from the timing control circuit  61 , and by performing down-counting or up-counting, measures a comparison period-of-time from a start of a comparison operation in the comparator to an end of the comparison operation. 
         [0068]    In this manner, the analog signal that is supplied from each unit pixel of the pixel array unit  31  to every column via the column signal line is converted by each operation of the comparator  65  and the counter circuit  66 , the up/down counter, into the N-bit digital signal and is stored in the memory device. 
         [0069]    The horizontal scan circuit  67  is configured from the shift register and the like and performs column address control and column scan control on the ADC in the column processing unit  81 . 
         [0070]    Under the control of the horizontal scan circuit  67 , the N-bit digital signal that is AD-converted in each of the ADCs is read out one after another by a horizontal signal line LHR and is output as imaging data to the pixel signal processing unit  68  via the horizontal signal line LHR. 
         [0071]    The pixel signal processing unit  68  is a circuit that performs various signal processing tasks on the imaging data and is configured to include an image signal processor (ISP), a microprocessor, a memory circuit and the like. The imaging data on which the signal processing is performed in the pixel signal processing unit  68  is output to the outside via the output IF  69 . 
         [0072]    According to the present embodiment, in the comparator  65  mounted on the upper chip  21 , a comparison is made between the signal voltage of the vertical signal line LSGN that depends on the signal that is output from each unit pixel and the reference voltage Vref in the ramp waveform that is supplied from the reference signal supply unit  64 . Then, based on the result of the comparison, the comparison period-of-time from the start of the comparison operation to the end of the comparison operation is measured by the counter circuit  66  mounted on the lower chip  22 . 
         [0073]    According to the present technology as described above, the circuits each of which does not include the resistance element are integrated into the upper chip  21  and the circuits each of which includes the resistance element are integrated into the lower chip  22 , and thus the small-sized solid-state imaging device  11  can be obtained at a low cost. 
       Second Embodiment 
     Configuration Example of Solid-State Imaging Device 
       [0074]    Furthermore, the case where the circuits each of which does not include the resistance element are set to be the peripheral circuits  32 - 1  that are integrated into the upper chip  21  is described above, but the circuits each of which does not include the capacitance element may be set to be the peripheral circuits  32 - 1 . 
         [0075]    In such a case, for example, the solid-state imaging device  11  is configured as illustrated in  FIG. 3 . Moreover, in  FIG. 3 , like reference numerals are given to like parts that correspond to those in  FIG. 2 , and descriptions of the like parts are appropriately omitted. 
         [0076]    According to a floor plan of the solid-state imaging device  11  described in  FIG. 3 , the circuits each of which does not include the low-breakdown-voltage transistor and the capacitance element are integrated as the peripheral circuits  32 - 1  into the upper chip  21 . In this example, the comparator  65  and the negative electric potential generation circuit  71  that include the capacitance element are integrated into the lower chip  22 , and the reference signal supply unit  64  and the bias generation circuit  70  that do not include the capacitance element are integrated into the upper chip  21 . 
         [0077]    That is, the pixel array unit  31 , and the vertical decoder  62 , the vertical drive circuit  63 , the reference signal supply unit  64  and the bias generation circuit  70  as the peripheral circuits  32 - 1  are integrated into the upper chip  21 . 
         [0078]    Furthermore, the timing control circuit  61 , the comparator  65 , the counter circuit  66 , the horizontal scan circuit  67 , the pixel signal processing unit  68 , the output IF  69 , and the negative electric potential generation circuit  71  are integrated as the peripheral circuits  32 - 2  into the lower chip  22 . 
         [0079]    Because the peripheral circuit  32  is provided in each of the upper chip  21  and the lower chip  22  also in the solid-state imaging device  11  illustrated in  FIG. 3 , making the solid-state imaging device  11  smaller can be accomplished by a circuit arrangement that has a high degree of freedom. Furthermore, in the solid-state imaging device  11 , all the peripheral circuits  32  each of which includes the capacitance element, which are a cause for increasing the mask cost, are arranged in the lower chip  22 , and thus the manufacturing cost of the solid-state imaging device  11  can be further suppressed. 
       Third Embodiment 
     Configuration Example of Solid-State Imaging Device 
       [0080]    Furthermore, the case where the circuits each of which includes neither the resistance element nor the capacitance element are set to be the peripheral circuits  32 - 1  that are integrated into the upper chip  21  is described above, but the circuits each of which includes neither the resistance element nor the capacitance element may be set to be the peripheral circuits  32 - 1 . 
         [0081]    In such a case, for example, the solid-state imaging device  11  is configured as illustrated in  FIG. 4 . Moreover, in  FIG. 4 , like reference numerals are given to like parts that correspond to those in  FIG. 2 , and descriptions of the like parts are appropriately omitted. 
         [0082]    According to a floor plan of the solid-state imaging device  11  described in  FIG. 4 , the circuits each of which does not include the low-breakdown-voltage transistor, the resistance element, and the capacitance element are integrated as the peripheral circuits  32 - 1  into the upper chip  21 . In this example, the comparator  65 , the reference signal supply unit  64 , the bias generation circuit  70 , and the negative electric potential generation circuit  71 , each of which includes the resistance element or the capacitance element are integrated into the lower chip  22 . 
         [0083]    That is, the pixel array unit  31 , and the vertical decoder  62  and the vertical drive circuit  63  as the peripheral circuits  32 - 1  are integrated into the upper chip  21 . Furthermore, the timing control circuit  61 , the reference signal supply unit  64 , the comparator  65 , the counter circuit  66 , the horizontal scan circuit  67 , the pixel signal processing unit  68 , the output IF  69 , the bias generation circuit  70 , and the negative electric potential generation circuit  71  are integrated as the peripheral circuits  32 - 2  into the lower chip  22 . 
         [0084]    Because also in the solid-state imaging device  11  illustrated in  FIG. 4 , the peripheral circuit  32  is provided in each of the lower chip  22  and the upper chip  21  that is laminated on the lower chip  22 , making the solid-state imaging device  11  smaller can be accomplished. Furthermore, in the solid-state imaging device  11 , all the peripheral circuits  32  each of which includes the resistance element or the capacitance element, which are a cause for increasing the mask cost, are arranged in the lower chip  22 , and thus the manufacturing cost of the solid-state imaging device  11  can be further suppressed. 
       Fourth Embodiment 
     Configuration Example of Solid-State Imaging Device 
       [0085]    Furthermore, according to the first embodiment described above, the example in which the circuit that does not include the resistance element is set to be the peripheral circuit  32 - 1  is described, but one part of one circuit as the peripheral circuit  32  may be integrated into the upper chip  21  and the remaining parts including the resistance element may be integrated into the lower chip  22 . 
         [0086]    For example, the circuits each of which does not include the low-breakdown-voltage transistor and the resistance element are integrated as the peripheral circuit  32 - 1  into the upper chip  21 , and a predetermined circuit that realizes one function is divided into one part that includes the resistance element and the other part that does not include the resistance element and the one part and the other part are integrated into the upper chip  21  and the lower chip  22 , respectively. 
         [0087]    If each circuit is arranged according to this floor plan, for example, the solid-state imaging device  11  is configured as illustrated in  FIG. 5 . Moreover, in  FIG. 5 , like reference numerals are given to like parts that correspond to those in  FIG. 2 , and descriptions of the like parts are appropriately omitted. 
         [0088]    According to the floor plan of the solid-state imaging device  11  described in  FIG. 5 , one bias generation circuit  70  that realizes a function of outputting the reference current to a predetermined circuit is divided into two circuits, a bias generation sub-circuit  201  and a bias generation sub-circuit  202 , and the two circuits are integrated into the upper chip  21  and the lower chip  22 , respectively. 
         [0089]    At this point, the bias generation sub-circuit  201  is a circuit that is made from elements that are different from the low-breakdown-voltage transistor and the resistance element, among elements making up the bias generation circuit  70 , and is arranged in the upper chip  21 . Furthermore, the bias generation sub-circuit  202  is a circuit that is made from several elements that include at least the resistance element, among the elements making up the bias generation circuit  70 , and is arranged in the lower chip  22 . 
         [0090]    Then, the bias generation sub-circuit  201  and the bias generation sub-circuit  202  are electrically connected to each other via a contact provided between the upper chip  21  and the lower chip  22 , and the analog signal is transferred and received between the bias generation sub-circuit  201  and the bias generation sub-circuit  202 . 
         [0091]    Similarly, in the solid-state imaging device  11 , one negative electric potential generation circuit  71  that functions as a charge pump is divided into two circuits, a negative electric potential generation sub-circuit  203  and a negative electric potential generation sub-circuit  204 , and the two circuits are integrated into the upper chip  21  and the lower chip  22 , respectively. 
         [0092]    At this point, the negative electric potential generation sub-circuit  203  is a circuit that is made from elements that are different from the low-breakdown-voltage transistor and the resistance element, among the elements making up the negative electric potential generation circuit  71 , and is arranged in the upper chip  21 . Furthermore, the negative electric potential generation sub-circuit  204  is a circuit that is made from several elements that include at least the resistance element, among the elements making up the negative electric potential generation circuit  71 , and is arranged in the lower chip  22 . 
         [0093]    Then, the negative electric potential generation sub-circuit  203  and the negative electric potential generation sub-circuit  204  are electrically connected to each other via the contact provided between the upper chip  21  and the lower chip  22 , and the analog signal is transmitted and received between the negative electric potential generation sub-circuit  203  and the negative electric potential generation sub-circuit  204 . 
         [0094]    Furthermore, in this example, the pixel array unit  31 , and the vertical decoder  62 , the vertical drive circuit  63 , the comparator  65 , the bias generation sub-circuit  201 , and the negative electric potential generation sub-circuit  203  as the peripheral circuits  32 - 1  are integrated into the upper chip  21 . 
         [0095]    Furthermore, the timing control circuit  61 , the reference signal supply unit  64 , the counter circuit  66 , the horizontal scan circuit  67 , the pixel signal processing unit  68 , the output IF  69 , the bias generation sub-circuit  202 , and the negative electric potential generation sub-circuit  204  are integrated as the peripheral circuits  32 - 2  into the lower chip  22 . 
         [0096]    Because also in the solid-state imaging device  11  illustrated in  FIG. 5 , the peripheral circuit  32  is provided in each of the lower chip  22  and the upper chip  21  that is laminated on the lower chip  22 , making the solid-state imaging device  11  smaller can be accomplished by the circuit arrangement that has the high degree of freedom. 
         [0097]    Particularly, one circuit such as the bias generation circuit  70  or the negative electric potential generation circuit  71  is divided into two sub-circuits, and the two sub-circuits are arranged in the upper chip  21  and the lower chip  22 , respectively. Thus, the floor plan for the high degree of freedom can be further accomplished. That is, for example, in the peripheral circuit  32 , the sub-circuit that is arranged in the upper chip  21  and the sub-circuit that is arranged in the lower chip  22  can be determined with high degree of freedom. Accordingly, optimization of a chip size of the solid-state imaging device  11  can be more simply performed, and further making the solid-state imaging device  11  smaller can be accomplished. 
         [0098]    Furthermore, in the solid-state imaging device  11 , all the peripheral circuits  32  each of which includes the resistance element, which are a cause for increasing the mask cost, are arranged in the lower chip  22 , and thus the manufacturing cost of the solid-state imaging device  11  can be further suppressed. 
         [0099]    Configuration Example of Bias Circuit 
         [0100]    Moreover, the bias generation circuit  70  in the solid-state imaging device  11  described in  FIG. 5  is described as being divided into the bias generation sub-circuit  201  and the bias generation sub-circuit  202 , but for example, in this case, the bias generation circuit  70  is configured as illustrated in more detail in  FIG. 6 . Moreover, in  FIG. 6 , like reference numerals are given to like parts that correspond to those in  FIG. 5 , and descriptions of the like parts are appropriately omitted. 
         [0101]    In  FIG. 6 , above a dotted line is a region of the upper chip  21  and below the dotted line is a region of the lower chip  22 . 
         [0102]    In this example, the bias generation sub-circuit  201  is configured from an amplifier  231 , a transistor  232 , the transistor  233 , and the transistor  234 . Furthermore, the bias generation sub-circuit  202  is configured from the resistance element  235 , and the bias generation sub-circuit  201  and the bias generation sub-circuit  202  are electrically connected to each other via a contact  236  and a contact  237 . 
         [0103]    The reference voltage is applied to a positive-side input terminal of the amplifier  231  and a negative-side input terminal of the amplifier  231  is connected to the resistance element  235  via the contact  236 . Furthermore, an output terminal of the amplifier  231  is connected to a gate of the transistor  232 . 
         [0104]    One end of the transistor  232  is connected to the resistance element  235  via the contact  237 , and the other end of the transistor  232  is connected to the transistor  233  and the transistor  234 . Furthermore, a gate of the transistor  233  and a gate of the transistor  234  are connected to each other. 
         [0105]    Moreover, the transistor  233  and the transistor  234  are connected also to a power source, and one end of the resistance element  235 , which is opposite to the other end to which the contact  236  and the contact  237  are connected, is connected to ground. 
         [0106]    In this manner, the bias generation sub-circuit  201  is configured from an element that is different from the low-breakdown-voltage transistor or the resistance element, and the bias generation sub-circuit  202  is configured from the resistance element. 
         [0107]    At the node A 11  to which the amplifier  231 , the transistor  232 , and the resistance element  235  are connected, the bias generation circuit  70  is forced to have the same electric potential as the reference voltage to the node A 11  to which the amplifier  231 , the transistor  232 , and the resistance element  235  are connected. 
         [0108]    When this is done, an electric potential of the node A 11 , that is, a current determined from the reference voltage and the resistance element  235 , flows through the transistor  232  and the transistor  233 . With a current mirror configuration, the current through the transistor  233  is mirrored in the transistor  234 . The mirrored current is supplied as the reference current from the transistor  234  to the reference signal supply unit  64 , the comparator  65 , the output IF  69 , and the negative electric potential generation sub-circuit  203 . 
         [0109]    Configuration Example of Negative Electric Potential Generation Circuit 
         [0110]    Furthermore, the negative electric potential generation circuit  71  in the solid-state imaging device  11  illustrated in  FIG. 5 , is described as being divided into the negative electric potential generation sub-circuit  203  and the negative electric potential generation sub-circuit  204 , but for example, in this case, the negative electric potential generation circuit  71  is configured as illustrated in more detail in  FIG. 7 . Moreover, in  FIG. 7 , like reference numerals are given to like parts that correspond to those in  FIG. 5 , and descriptions of the like parts appropriately omitted. 
         [0111]    In  FIG. 7 , above a dotted line is a region of the upper chip  21  and below the dotted line is a region of the lower chip  22 . 
         [0112]    In this example, the negative electric potential generation sub-circuit  203  is configured from a transistor  261 , a transistor  262 , a pumping capacitor  263 , a transistor  264 , and a transistor  265 . Furthermore, the negative electric potential generation sub-circuit  204  is configured from an amplifier  266 , a resistance element  267 , a resistance element  268 , and a negative voltage output node  269 . Then, the negative electric potential generation sub-circuit  203  and the negative electric potential generation sub-circuit  204  are electrically connected to each other via a contact  270  and a contact  271 . 
         [0113]    One end of the transistor  261  is connected to an output terminal of the amplifier  266  via the contact  270 , and the other end of the transistor  261  is connected to the transistor  262  and the pumping capacitor  263 . Furthermore, one end of the transistor  262 , which is opposite to the other end to which the transistor  261  and the pumping capacitor  263  are connected, is connected to the power source. Moreover, the clock from the timing control circuit  61  is supplied to gates of the transistor  261  and the transistor  262 . 
         [0114]    One electrode that makes up the pumping capacitor  263  is connected to the transistor  261  and the transistor  262 , and the other electrode that makes up the pumping capacitor  263  is connected to the transistor  264  and the transistor  265 . Furthermore, one end of the transistor  264 , which is opposite to the other end which is connected to the pumping capacitor  263 , is connected to the negative voltage output node  269  and the resistance element  268  via the contact  271 . One end of the transistor  265 , which is opposite to the other end which is connected to the pumping capacitor  263  is connected to the ground. 
         [0115]    Furthermore, the reference voltage is applied to a positive-side input terminal of the amplifier  266  and a negative-side input terminal of the amplifier  266  is connected to the resistance element  267  and the resistance element  268 . One end of the resistance element  267  is connected to the power source, and the other end is connected to the resistance element  268  and the negative-side input terminal of the amplifier  266 . One end of the resistance element  268  is connected to the negative voltage output node  269  and the transistor  264 , and the other end is connected to the resistance element  267  and the negative-side input terminal of the amplifier  266 . 
         [0116]    In this manner, the negative electric potential generation sub-circuit  203  is configured from the elements that are different from the low-breakdown-voltage transistor or the resistance element, and the negative electric potential generation sub-circuit  204  is configured from several elements that include the resistance element. In this example, because the pumping capacitor  263  is large in size, when the pumping capacitor  263  is arranged in the upper chip  21 , a large circuit division effect is obtained. 
         [0117]    Next, operation of the negative electric potential generation circuit  71  illustrated in  FIG. 7  is described. 
         [0118]    For example, a signal indicated by a square wave C 11 , a square wave C 12 , and a square wave C 13  illustrated in  FIG. 8  is supplied to gates of the transistor  262  and the transistor  261  in the negative electric potential generation circuit  71 , a gate of the transistor  265 , and a gate of the transistor  264 . Moreover, in  FIG. 8 , the longitudinal direction indicates a voltage and the transverse direction indicates a time. 
         [0119]    In  FIG. 8 , a clock CLK indicated by the square wave C 11  is supplied from the timing control circuit  61  to gates of the transistor  261  and the transistor  262 . Furthermore, a control signal SW 2  indicated by the square wave C 12  and the control signal SW 1  indicated by the square wave C 13  are supplied from the timing control circuit  61  to gates of the transistor  265  and the transistor  264 , respectively. 
         [0120]    In this example, during a period of time T 1 , the transistor  262  is turned on with the clock CLK indicated by the square wave C 11  and the transistor  265  is turned on with the control signal SW 2  indicated by the square wave C 12 . Accordingly, the transistor  262  and the transistor  265  are in a conduction state, and the transistor  261  and the transistor  264  are in a non-conduction state. 
         [0121]    At this time, a power source voltage is applied to a positive-side electrode of the pumping capacitor  263  via the transistor  262 , and a ground voltage is applied to a negative-side electrode of the pumping capacitor  263  via the transistor  265 . Then, an electric charge that depends on a difference in electric potential between the power source and the ground is accumulated in the pumping capacitor  263 . 
         [0122]    Furthermore, during a period of time T 2  that follows the period of time T 1 , the transistor  261  is turned on with the clock CLK indicated by the square wave C 11 . Accordingly, the transistor  261  is in the conduction state, and the transistor  262 , the transistor  264 , and the transistor  265  are in the non-conduction state. 
         [0123]    At this time, a voltage of the output terminal of the amplifier  266  is applied to the positive-side electrode of the pumping capacitor  263 , and thus an electric potential of the positive-side electrode is an output electric potential of the amplifier  266  and floating is applied to the negative-side electrode of the pumping capacitor  263 . At this point, because the output electric potential of the amplifier  266  is lower than an electric potential of the power source, a negative electric charge occurs at the negative-side electrode of the pumping capacitor  263 . 
         [0124]    Moreover, during a period of time T 3 , the transistor  261  is turned on with the clock CLK indicated by the square wave C 11 , and the transistor  264  is turned on with the control signal SW 1  indicated by the square wave C 13 . Accordingly, the transistor  261  and the transistor  264  are in the conduction state, and the transistor  262  and the transistor  265  are in a non-conduction state. 
         [0125]    At this time, the negative electric charge accumulated in the negative-side electrode of the pumping capacitor  263  is supplied to the negative voltage output node  269 . Accordingly, the negative voltage is applied by the negative voltage output node  269  to the vertical drive circuit  63 . Then, subsequently, the operation described above is repeatedly performed and a negative electric potential generation operation is performed. 
         [0126]    In the negative electric potential generation circuit  71 , in order to stabilize a negative electric potential with a target value, an electric potential, which results from pressure-dividing the electric power and the negative electric potential with the resistance element  267  and the resistance element  268 , is fed back to the negative-side input terminal of the amplifier  266 . 
         [0127]    If the negative voltage output node  269  is in such a state that its electric potential is higher than the target negative electric potential, an electric potential that is close to an electric potential of the ground is taken as the output electric potential of the amplifier  266  and an ability to generate the negative electric potential is increased. If the negative voltage output node  269  is in such a state that its electric potential is lower than the target negative electric potential, an electric potential that is close to that of the power source is taken as the output electric potential of the amplifier  266  and the ability to generate the negative electric potential is decreased. With this mechanism, the negative electric potential is close to a target value and is stabilized. 
       Fifth Embodiment 
     Configuration Example of Solid-State Imaging Device 
       [0128]    Furthermore, according to the second embodiment described above, the example in which the circuit that does not include the capacitance element is set to be the peripheral circuit  32 - 1  is described, but one part of one circuit as the peripheral circuit  32  may be integrated into the upper chip  21  and the remaining parts including the capacitance element may be integrated into the lower chip  22 . 
         [0129]    For example, circuits each of which does not include the low-breakdown-voltage transistor and the capacitance element are integrated as the peripheral circuit  32 - 1  into the upper chip  21 , and a predetermined circuit that realizes one function is divided into a part that includes the capacitance element and a part that does not include the capacitance element and the two parts are integrated into the upper chip  21  and the lower chip  22 , respectively. 
         [0130]    If each circuit is arranged according to this floor plan, for example, the solid-state imaging device  11  is configured as illustrated in  FIG. 9 . Moreover, in  FIG. 9 , like reference numerals are given to like parts that correspond to those in  FIG. 2 , and descriptions of the like parts are appropriately omitted. 
         [0131]    According to a floor plan of the solid-state imaging device  11  illustrated in  FIG. 9 , one negative electric potential generation circuit  71  that functions as the charge pump is divided into two circuits, a negative electric potential generation sub-circuit  301  and a negative electric potential generation sub-circuit  302 , and the two circuits are integrated into the upper chip  21  and the lower chip  22 , respectively. 
         [0132]    At this point, the negative electric potential generation sub-circuit  301  is a circuit that is made from elements that are different from the low-breakdown-voltage transistor and the capacitance element, among the elements making up the negative electric potential generation circuit  71 , and is arranged in the upper chip  21 . Furthermore, the negative electric potential generation sub-circuit  302  is a circuit that is made from several elements that include at least the capacitance element, among the elements making up the negative electric potential generation circuit  71 , and is arranged in the lower chip  22 . 
         [0133]    Then, the negative electric potential generation sub-circuit  301  and the negative electric potential generation sub-circuit  302  are electrically connected to each other via the contact provided between the upper chip  21  and the lower chip  22 , and the analog signal is transmitted and received between the negative electric potential generation sub-circuit  301  and the negative electric potential generation sub-circuit  302 . 
         [0134]    Furthermore, in this example, the pixel array unit  31 , and the vertical decoder  62 , the vertical drive circuit  63 , the reference signal supply unit  64 , the bias generation circuit  70 , and the negative electric potential generation sub-circuit  301  as the peripheral circuits  32 - 1  are integrated into the upper chip  21 . 
         [0135]    Moreover, the timing control circuit  61 , the comparator  65 , the counter circuit  66 , the horizontal scan circuit  67 , the pixel signal processing unit  68 , the output IF  69 , and the negative electric potential generation sub-circuit  302  are integrated as the peripheral circuits  32 - 2  into the lower chip  22 . 
         [0136]    Because also in the solid-state imaging device  11  illustrated in  FIG. 9 , the peripheral circuit  32  is provided in each of the lower chip  22  and the upper chip  21  that is laminated on the lower chip  22 , making the solid-state imaging device  11  smaller can be accomplished by the circuit arrangement that has the high degree of freedom. Particularly, the negative electric potential generation circuit  71  is divided into two sub-circuits, and the two sub-circuits are arranged in the upper chip  21  and the lower chip  22 , respectively. Thus, the floor plan for the high degree of freedom can be further accomplished. Accordingly, the optimization of the chip size of the solid-state imaging device  11  can be more simply performed, and further making the solid-state imaging device  11  smaller can be accomplished. 
         [0137]    Furthermore, in the solid-state imaging device  11 , all the peripheral circuits  32  each of which includes the capacitance element, which are a cause for increasing the mask cost, are arranged in the lower chip  22 , and thus the manufacturing cost of the solid-state imaging device  11  can be further suppressed. 
         [0138]    Configuration Example of Negative Electric Potential Generation Circuit 
         [0139]    Moreover, the negative electric potential generation circuit  71  in the solid-state imaging device  11  illustrated in  FIG. 9 , is described as being divided into the negative electric potential generation sub-circuit  301  and the negative electric potential generation sub-circuit  302 , but for example, in this case, the negative electric potential generation circuit  71  is configured as illustrated in more detail in  FIG. 10 . Moreover, in  FIG. 10 , like reference numerals are given to like parts that correspond to those in  FIG. 9  or those in  FIG. 7 , and descriptions of the like parts are appropriately omitted. 
         [0140]    In  FIG. 10 , above a dotted line is a region of the upper chip  21  and below the dotted line is a region of the lower chip  22 . 
         [0141]    In this example, the negative electric potential generation sub-circuit  301  is configured from the amplifier  266 , the resistance element  267 , and the resistance element  268 . Furthermore, the negative electric potential generation sub-circuit  302  is configured from the transistor  261 , the transistor  262 , the pumping capacitor  263 , the transistor  264 , the transistor  265 , and the negative voltage output node  269 . 
         [0142]    Moreover, in  FIG. 10 , the resistance element  268  is electrically connected to the negative voltage output node  269  and the transistor  264  via the contact  271 , and the output terminal of the amplifier  266  is electrically connected to the transistor  261  via the contact  270 . 
         [0143]    In this manner, the negative electric potential generation sub-circuit  301  is configured from elements that are different from the low-breakdown-voltage transistor or the capacitance element, and the negative electric potential generation sub-circuit  302  is configured from several elements that include the capacitance element. 
         [0144]    Moreover, even though the negative electric potential generation circuit  71  is configured from the negative electric potential generation sub-circuit  301  and the negative electric potential generation sub-circuit  302 , relationships in connection among the parts from the transistors  261  to the negative voltage output node  269  constituting the negative electric potential generation circuit  71  are the same as in  FIG. 7 . That is, a difference between the negative electric potential generation circuit  71  illustrated in  FIG. 7  and the negative electric potential generation circuit  71  illustrated in  FIG. 10  is in whether each element is arranged in the upper chip  21  or in the lower chip  22 . Therefore, the negative electric potential generation circuit  71  illustrated in  FIG. 10  performs the same operation as the operation described referring to  FIG. 8  and applies the negative voltage to the vertical drive circuit  63 . 
       Sixth Embodiment 
     Configuration Example of Solid-State Imaging Device 
       [0145]    Furthermore, according to the third embodiment described above, the example in which the circuit that does not include the resistance element and the capacitance element is set to be the peripheral circuit  32 - 1  is described, but one part of one circuit as the peripheral circuit  32  may be integrated into the upper chip  21  and the remaining part including the resistance element or the capacitance element may be integrated into the lower chip  22 . 
         [0146]    For example, the circuits each of which does not include the low-breakdown-voltage transistor and the resistance element and resistance element are integrated as the peripheral circuit  32 - 1  into the upper chip  21 , and each of the bias generation circuit  70  and the negative electric potential generation circuit  71  is divided into two circuits and the two circuits of each are integrated into the upper chip  21  and the lower chip  22 , respectively. 
         [0147]    If each circuit is arranged according to this floor plan, for example, the solid-state imaging device  11  is configured as illustrated in  FIG. 11 . Moreover, in  FIG. 11 , like reference numerals are given to like parts that correspond to those in  FIG. 5 , and descriptions of the like parts are appropriately omitted. 
         [0148]    According to the floor plan of the solid-state imaging device  11  described in  FIG. 11 , one bias generation circuit  70  that realizes the function of outputting the reference current to a predetermined circuit is divided into two circuits, the bias generation sub-circuit  201  and the bias generation sub-circuit  202 , and the two circuits are integrated into the upper chip  21  and the lower chip  22 , respectively. Moreover, as illustrated in  FIG. 6 , the bias generation sub-circuit  201  has a circuit configuration that includes neither the resistance element nor the capacitance element, and the bias generation sub-circuit  202  has a circuit configuration that includes the resistance element. 
         [0149]    Furthermore, one negative electric potential generation circuit  71  that functions as the charge pump is divided into two circuits, a negative electric potential generation sub-circuit  331  and a negative electric potential generation sub-circuit  332 , and the two circuits are integrated into the upper chip  21  and the lower chip  22 , respectively. 
         [0150]    At this point, the negative electric potential generation sub-circuit  331  is a circuit that is made from elements that are different from the low-breakdown-voltage transistor, the resistance element, and the capacitance element, among the elements making up the negative electric potential generation circuit  71 , and is arranged in the upper chip  21 . Furthermore, the negative electric potential generation sub-circuit  332  is a circuit that is made from several elements that include at least the resistance element or the capacitance element, among the elements making up the negative electric potential generation circuit  71 , and is arranged in the lower chip  22 . 
         [0151]    Then, the negative electric potential generation sub-circuit  331  and the negative electric potential generation sub-circuit  332  are electrically connected to each other via the contact provided between the upper chip  21  and the lower chip  22 , and the analog signal is transmitted and received between the negative electric potential generation sub-circuit  331  and the negative electric potential generation sub-circuit  332 . 
         [0152]    Furthermore, in this example, the pixel array unit  31 , and the vertical decoder  62 , the vertical drive circuit  63 , the bias generation sub-circuit  201 , and the negative electric potential generation sub-circuit  331  as the peripheral circuits  32 - 1  are integrated into the upper chip  21 . 
         [0153]    Furthermore, the timing control circuit  61 , the reference signal supply unit  64 , the comparator  65 , the counter circuit  66 , the horizontal scan circuit  67 , the pixel signal processing unit  68 , the output IF  69 , the bias generation sub-circuit  202 , and the negative electric potential generation sub-circuit  332  are integrated as the peripheral circuits  32 - 2  into the lower chip  22 . 
         [0154]    Because also in the solid-state imaging device  11  illustrated in  FIG. 11 , the peripheral circuit  32  is provided in each of the lower chip  22  and the upper chip  21  that is laminated on the lower chip  22 , making the solid-state imaging device  11  smaller can be accomplished by the circuit arrangement that has the high degree of freedom. Particularly, each of the bias generation circuit  70  and the negative electric potential generation circuit  71  that realize one function is divided into two sub-circuits, and the two sub-circuits of each are arranged in the upper chip  21  and the lower chip  22 , respectively. Thus, the floor plan for the high degree of freedom can be further accomplished. Accordingly, the optimization of the chip size of the solid-state imaging device  11  can be more simply performed, and further making the solid-state imaging device  11  smaller can be accomplished. 
         [0155]    Furthermore, in the solid-state imaging device  11 , all the peripheral circuits  32  each of which includes the resistance element or the capacitance element, which are a cause for increasing the mask cost, are arranged in the lower chip  22 , and thus the manufacturing cost of the solid-state imaging device  11  can be further suppressed. 
         [0156]    Configuration Example of Negative Electric Potential Generation Circuit 
         [0157]    Moreover, the negative electric potential generation circuit  71  in the solid-state imaging device  11  illustrated in  FIG. 11 , is described as being divided into the negative electric potential generation sub-circuit  331  and the negative electric potential generation sub-circuit  332 , but for example, in this case, the negative electric potential generation circuit  71  is configured as illustrated in more detail in  FIG. 12 . Moreover, in  FIG. 12 , like reference numerals are given to like parts that correspond to those in  FIG. 7 , and descriptions of the like parts are appropriately omitted. 
         [0158]    In  FIG. 12 , above a dotted line is a region of the upper chip  21  and below the dotted line is a region of the lower chip  22 . 
         [0159]    In this example, the negative electric potential generation sub-circuit  331  is configured from the amplifier  266 . Furthermore, the negative electric potential generation sub-circuit  332  is configured from the transistor  261 , the transistor  262 , the pumping capacitor  263 , the transistor  264 , the transistor  265 , the resistance element  267 , the resistance element  268 , and the negative voltage output node  269 . 
         [0160]    Moreover, in  FIG. 12 , the output terminal of the amplifier  266  is electrically connected to the transistor  261  via the contact  361 , and the negative-side input terminal of the amplifier  266  is electrically connected to the resistance element  267  and the resistance element  268  via the contact  362 . 
         [0161]    In this manner, the negative electric potential generation sub-circuit  331  is configured from elements that are different from the low-breakdown-voltage transistor, the resistance element and the capacitance element, and the negative electric potential generation sub-circuit  332  is configured from several elements that include the resistance element and the capacitance element. 
         [0162]    Moreover, even though the negative electric potential generation circuit  71  is configured from the negative electric potential generation sub-circuit  331  and the negative electric potential generation sub-circuit  332 , relationships in connection among the parts from the transistors  261  to the negative voltage output node  269  are the same as in  FIG. 7 . That is, a difference between the negative electric potential generation circuit  71  illustrated in  FIG. 7  and the negative electric potential generation circuit  71  illustrated in  FIG. 12  is in whether each element is arranged in the upper chip  21  or in the lower chip  22 . Therefore, the negative electric potential generation circuit  71  illustrated in  FIG. 12  performs the same operation as the operation described referring to  FIG. 8  and applies the negative voltage to the vertical drive circuit  63 . 
         [0163]    Coping with a Noise Problem with an Analog Signal 
         [0164]    Incidentally, as is the case with the negative electric potential generation sub-circuit  331  and the negative electric potential generation sub-circuit  332 , if the peripheral circuit  32  is divided into two sub-circuits and the two sub-circuits are arranged in the upper chip  21  and lower chip  22 , it necessary to cope with a noise problem with a signal line for the analog signal, which electrically connects the upper chip  21  and lower chip  22 . 
         [0165]    For example, as illustrated in  FIG. 13 , if the contact  361  for the analog signal is provided between the upper chip  21  and the lower chip  22 , the contact  362  that functions as a shield may be arranged between the contact  361  and the contact  363  for the signal that becomes a noise source. 
         [0166]    In  FIG. 13 , for example, each contract is illustrated when  FIG. 1  is viewed from a depth direction. That is, upper ends of the contact  361  to the contact  363  in  FIG. 13  indicate end portions of the contacts provided in the upper chip  21 , and lower ends of the contact  361  to the contact  363  in  FIG. 13  indicate end portions of the contacts provided in the lower chip  22 . 
         [0167]    For example, the contacts  361  that connect signal lines for the analog signal, which are provided in the upper chip  21  and the lower chip  22  are defined as the contact  362  and the contact  361  in  FIG. 12 , defined as the contact  236  and the contact  237  in  FIG. 6 , and so on. 
         [0168]    Furthermore, representative examples of the noise source are the clock and the control signal that are output from the timing control circuit  61 , the low-breakdown-voltage power source, the low-breakdown-voltage ground and so forth. Therefore, for example, if the negative electric potential generation circuit  71  is configured as illustrated in  FIG. 7 , the contact for electrically connecting the signal line, connecting the timing control circuit  61  and the gate of the transistor  261 , between the upper chip  21  and the lower chip  22  and the like is defined as the contact  363 . 
         [0169]    Moreover, the contact for electrically connecting the signal lines for the high-breakdown-voltage power source and the high-breakdown-voltage ground between the upper chip  21  and the lower chip  22  may be used as the contact  362  that functions as the shield. 
         [0170]    For example, the high-breakdown-voltage power source is the power source connected to the resistance element  267  or the power source connected to the transistor  262  in  FIG. 12 , or the power source connected to the transistor  233  and the transistor  234  in  FIG. 6 , and the like. Furthermore, for example, the high-breakdown-voltage ground is the ground connected to the transistor  265  in  FIG. 12 , or the ground connected to the resistance element  235  in  FIG. 6 . 
         [0171]    In this manner, the contact  362  that functions as the shield is arranged between the contact  361  that connects the signal line for the analog signal between the upper and lower chips and the contact  363  that connects the signal line that becomes the noise source, and thus the noise that occurs in the contact  361  due to an influence of the contact  363  can be suppressed. That is, the noise that the analog signal receives from the noise source can be suppressed by the shield. 
         [0172]    The measure to cope with the noise problem in this manner is possible not only in the contact, the connection part between the chips, but also in wiring in the chip. 
         [0173]    For example, in a case of electrically connecting the signal line for the analog signal between the upper chip  21  and the lower chip  22 , the long-distance wiring via the contact is necessary. At this time, if the signal line that becomes the noise source is present in the vicinity of the signal line for the analog signal, the analog signal is influenced by a signal that becomes the noise source and thus the noise occurs in the analog signal. 
         [0174]    Accordingly, for example, as illustrated in  FIG. 14 , if a signal line  392  that functions as the shield is provided between a signal line  391  for the analog signal and a signal line  393  for the signal that becomes the noise source, an occurrence of the noise that results from the analog signal can be effectively suppressed. 
         [0175]    Moreover, in  FIG. 14 , for example, the upper chip  21  or lower chip  22  in  FIG. 1  is indicated with the signal lines such as the peripheral circuit  32 , when viewed from above in  FIG. 1 . 
         [0176]    For example, the signal line  391  is defined as the signal line and the like provided in the upper chip  21 , among the signal lines that link the amplifier  266  in the upper chip  21  and the resistance element  267  in the lower chip  22  in  FIG. 12 . In such a case, the signal line  391  to the signal line  393  are wired in such a manner as to be in the direction parallel to a surface of the upper chip  21 . 
         [0177]    Representative examples of the noise source are the clock and the control signal that are output from the timing control circuit  61 , the low-breakdown-voltage power source, the low-breakdown-voltage voltage ground and so forth. Therefore, for example, the signal line  393  for the signal that becomes the noise source is a signal line that is provided between the timing control circuit  61  and the negative electric potential generation sub-circuit  331 . 
         [0178]    Furthermore, the signal line  392  that functions as the shield is set as to be a signal line for the high-breakdown-voltage power source or the high-breakdown-voltage ground. 
         [0179]    In this manner, the signal line  392  that functions as the shield is arranged between the signal line  391  for the analog signal and the signal line  393  that becomes the noise source, and thus the occurrence of the noise in the signal line  391  that results from the signal line  393  can be suppressed. 
         [0180]    Moreover, the measure to cope with the noise problem, described referring to  FIG. 13  and  FIG. 14 , is not limited to the solid-state imaging device  11  according to the sixth embodiment, and of course, can be applied to the solid-state imaging devices  11  according to the first to fifth embodiments. 
         [0181]    Configuration Example of an Electronic Apparatus 
         [0182]    Incidentally, the case where the present technology is applied to the solid-state imaging device is described above, but the present technology is limited to the solid-state imaging device and can be applied to an electronic apparatus such as a digital camera or a video camcorder as well. 
         [0183]    For example, if the present technology is applied to the electronic apparatus that has the solid-state imaging device  11  described above, such an electronic apparatus is configured as illustrated in  FIG. 15 . Moreover, in  FIG. 15 , like reference numerals are given to like parts that correspond to those in  FIG. 1 , and descriptions of the like parts are appropriately omitted. 
         [0184]    An electronic apparatus  601  illustrated in  FIG. 15  has the solid-state imaging device  11  described above. Furthermore, the electronic apparatus  601  has a lens  611 , as an optical system that guides incident light into the pixel array unit  31  of the solid-state imaging device  11  and images a photography object, which images the incident light on an imaging surface. 
         [0185]    Furthermore, the electronic apparatus  601  has a drive circuit  612  that drives the solid-state imaging device  11  and a signal processing circuit  613  that processes an output signal from the solid-state imaging device  11 . 
         [0186]    The drive circuit  612  has a timing generator that generates various timing signals that include a start pulse or a clock pulse that drives the circuits within the solid-state imaging device  11 , and drives the solid-state imaging device  11  with a predetermined timing signal. 
         [0187]    Furthermore, the signal processing circuit  613  performs predetermined signal processing on the output signal from the solid-state imaging device  11 . The image signal that is processed in the signal processing circuit  613  is recorded, for example, in a recording medium, such as a memory. Image information recorded in the recording medium is printed out for hard copy by a printer and the like. Furthermore, the image signal that is processed in the signal processing circuit  613  is projected, as a moving image, on a monitor made from a liquid crystal display and others. 
         [0188]    As described above, in the electronic apparatus such as the digital camera, a high-precision camera, when equipped with the solid-state imaging device  11 , can be realized. 
         [0189]    Furthermore, the example in which the solid-state imaging device  11  is made from the CMOS image sensor is described above, but the solid-state imaging device  11  may be configured from a backside irradiation type CMOS image sensor, a charge coupled device (CCD) or the like. 
         [0190]    Note that the presently disclosed technology can also adopt the following configurations: 
         [0191]    A. A solid-state imaging device, comprising: 
         [0192]    a first substrate, the first substrate including:
       a pixel array unit;   a peripheral circuit;       
 
         [0195]    a second substrate, wherein the second substrate is stacked on the first substrate, the second substrate including:
       a peripheral circuit, wherein the peripheral circuit of the second substrate includes at least one of a resistance element or a capacitance element,
           wherein one of:
               the peripheral circuit of the second substrate includes a resistance element and the peripheral circuit of the first substrate does not include a resistance element, and   the peripheral circuit of the second substrate includes a capacitance element and the peripheral circuit of the first substrate does not include a capacitance element, and   the peripheral circuit of the second substrate includes both a resistance element and a capacitance element, and wherein the peripheral circuit of the first substrate includes neither a resistance element nor a capacitance element.   
               
               
 
         [0201]    B. The solid-state imaging device of claim A, wherein the peripheral circuit of the second substrate includes a resistance element, and wherein the peripheral circuit of the first substrate does not include a resistance element. 
         [0202]    C. The solid-state imaging device of claims A or B, wherein the peripheral circuit of the first substrate further includes a comparator. 
         [0203]    D. The solid-state imaging device of any of claims A to C, wherein the peripheral circuit of the first substrate further includes a vertical decoder and a vertical drive circuit. 
         [0204]    E. The solid-state imaging device of any of claims A-D, wherein the first substrate does not include a capacitance element. 
         [0205]    F. The solid-state imaging device of any of claims A-D, wherein the peripheral circuit of the second substrate includes a capacitance element, and wherein the peripheral circuit of the first substrate does not include a capacitance element. 
         [0206]    G. The solid-state imaging device of any of claims A-F, wherein the peripheral circuit of the first substrate further includes a reference signal supply unit and a bias generation circuit. 
         [0207]    H. The solid-state imaging device of any of claims A-C or E-G, wherein the peripheral circuit of the first substrate further includes a vertical decoder and a vertical drive circuit. 
         [0208]    I. The solid-state imaging device of any of claims A-G, wherein the peripheral circuit of the second substrate further includes a timing control circuit, a comparator, a counter circuit, a horizontal scan circuit, and pixel signal processing unit, an output IF, and a negative electric potential generation circuit. 
         [0209]    J. The solid-state imaging device of any of claims A-I, wherein the first substrate does not include a resistance element. 
         [0210]    K. The solid-state imaging device of claim A, wherein the peripheral circuit of the second substrate includes both a resistance element and a capacitance element, and wherein the peripheral circuit of the first substrate includes neither a resistance element nor a capacitance element. 
         [0211]    L. An electronic apparatus, comprising: 
         [0212]    an optical system; 
         [0213]    a solid-state imaging device, wherein the solid-state imaging device receives light from the optical system, the solid-state imaging device including:
       a first substrate, the first substrate including:
           a pixel array unit;   a peripheral circuit;   
           a second substrate, wherein the second substrate is stacked on the first substrate, the second substrate including:
           a peripheral circuit, wherein the peripheral circuit of the second substrate includes at least one of a resistance element or a capacitance element,   wherein one of:
               the peripheral circuit of the second substrate includes a resistance element and the peripheral circuit of the first substrate does not include a resistance element, and   the peripheral circuit of the second substrate includes a capacitance element and the peripheral circuit of the first substrate does not include a capacitance element, and   the peripheral circuit of the second substrate includes both a resistance element and a capacitance element, and wherein the peripheral circuit of the first substrate includes neither a resistance element nor a capacitance element;   
               
               
 
         [0223]    a drive circuit, wherein the drive circuit generates timing signals provided to the solid-state imaging device; 
         [0224]    a signal processing circuit, wherein the signal processing circuit performs signal processing on an output signal from the solid-state imaging device. 
         [0225]    M. The electronic apparatus of claim L, wherein the peripheral circuit of the second substrate includes a resistance element, and wherein the peripheral circuit of the first substrate does not include a resistance element. 
         [0226]    N. The electronic apparatus of claims L or M, wherein the first substrate does not include a capacitance element. 
         [0227]    O. The electronic apparatus of any of claims L-N, wherein the peripheral circuit of the second substrate includes a capacitance element, and wherein the peripheral circuit of the first substrate does not include a capacitance element. 
         [0228]    P. The electronic apparatus of claim L, wherein the peripheral circuit of the second substrate includes both a resistance element and a capacitance element, and wherein the peripheral circuit of the first substrate includes neither a resistance element nor a capacitance element. 
         [0229]    Q. An imaging device, comprising: 
         [0230]    a first substrate; 
         [0231]    a second substrate, wherein the first substrate is stacked on the second substrate; 
         [0232]    a pixel array unit, wherein the pixel array unit is included in the first substrate; 
         [0233]    a comparator, wherein the comparator is included in a first one of the first substrate and the second substrate; 
         [0234]    a reference signal supply unit, wherein the reference signal supply unit is included in a second one of the first substrate and the second substrate; 
         [0235]    a bias generation circuit, wherein the bias generation unit is included in the second one of the first substrate and the second substrate. 
         [0236]    R. The imaging device of claim Q, wherein the comparator is included in the first substrate, wherein the reference signal supply unit and the bias generation circuit are included in the second substrate, wherein the first substrate includes capacitance elements, and wherein the second substrate includes resistance elements. 
         [0237]    S. The imaging device of claims Q or R, wherein the second substrate does not include any capacitance elements. 
         [0238]    T. The imaging device of claim Q, wherein the comparator is included in the second substrate, wherein the reference signal supply unit and the bias generation circuit are included in the first substrate, wherein the first substrate includes resistance elements, wherein the second substrate includes capacitance elements, and wherein the second substrate does not include any resistance elements. 
         [0239]    Moreover, embodiments of the present technology are not limited to the embodiments described above and various modifications can be made within a scope not deviating from the gist of the present technology.

Technology Category: 5