Patent Document

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0001]     1. Technical Field  
         [0002]     This application relates generally to providing computer services in a timely and economical manner by managing the initialization of monitoring and management software. More specifically, the application relates to a system, method, and software to quickly determine the configuration of a server, to receive and install monitoring and management components, if needed, and to manage initialization and configuration of the monitoring/management agents as necessary.  
         [0003]     2. Description of Related Art  
         [0004]     The management of computer resources in a company can involve large amounts of time and energy. Any time an employee is added, moved, or dropped, the system must be updated to reflect the desired availability of resources to each person. Additionally, files grow larger in both size and complexity, software is updated, and hardware is added or replaced. To automate the process, several vendors offer management systems that manage a wide variety of hardware and software resources according to stated policies. In a typical management system, various agents, or programs, act within a given infrastructure to monitor and provide management instructions to the resources present. As policies change or a patch is made available, a systems administrator works through the management system to provide the updates automatically to all affected servers.  
         [0005]     There can be a number of instances when it is desirable to change the monitoring/management programs utilized on a system, such as after a merger, acquisition, or outsourcing of a system. Updates of existing management programs or the availability of new management programs may also create the impetus for change. Such a change requires the systems administrator to know what resides on a system to provide the proper configurations and settings. In some instances, the systems administrator may also need to determine the best management or monitoring programs to serve their needs. Performing discovery, installation, and setup on the new system can be tedious and difficult if done manually, particularly in very large, complex systems. Furthermore, choosing the best among the numerous available management programs can require a great deal of knowledge. Consequently, it requires a great deal of time to acquire such knowledge on the part of the already busy, time constrained systems administrator.  
         [0006]     The advent of grid computing as only exacerbated the problem. It is nearly impossible for the system administrator to know what applications are on what system at a given point of time as the grid is so dynamic. Even after a scan of the resident applications, the scan becomes “stale” in a matter of hours and of limited utility.  
         [0007]     Therefore, it would be desirable to provide an automated means for discovering the programs, and in particular the monitoring and management programs, on the machines in a distributed computing system and for automatically installing and configuring monitoring and management programs.  
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0008]     A system, method, and computer program is disclosed that simplifies setting up management and monitoring programs on one or more servers. A first embodiment of the invention, known as a general-purpose agent, is used when a pre-selected monitoring/management vendor is to be used. That is, the systems administrator has already chosen the appropriate monitoring/management software. The general-purpose agent is installed after the vendor monitoring/management agent is installed and can determine the contents of the server(s), then manage additional setup for the vendor agent, such as configurations, best practices, and license management. A second embodiment of the invention, known as a vendor-neutral agent, is utilized when the user has not yet determined which vendor or vendors to utilize. The vendor-neutral agent will determine the contents of the server(s) and can then choose between various vendor programs, utilizing weightings according to the strengths and weaknesses of each vendor program, as well as user preferences, to determine the best vendor program or programs, which may be offered by different vendors, to select. Any needed vendor agents are then downloaded by the vendor-neutral agent and installed. The vendor-neutral agent also includes the capabilities of the general-purpose agent and manages other setup needs, such as configurations, best practices, and license management.  
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0009]     The novel features believed characteristic of the invention are set forth in the appended claims. The invention itself, however, as well as a preferred mode of use, further objectives and advantages thereof, will best be understood by reference to the following detailed description of an illustrative embodiment when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:  
         [0010]      FIG. 1  depicts a system that can be used to implement the disclosed agents, according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.  
         [0011]      FIG. 2  depicts a block diagram of a data processing system that may be implemented as a server.  
         [0012]      FIG. 3  depicts the elements used with the general-purpose agent, according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.  
         [0013]      FIG. 4  depicts the flow of operation for the general-purpose agent, according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.  
         [0014]      FIG. 5  depicts the elements used with the vendor-neutral version, according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.  
         [0015]      FIG. 6  depicts the flow of operation for the vendor-neutral version, according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.  
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT  
       [0016]      FIG. 1  depicts a portion of the Internet  110 , to which are attached a service provider system  102 , computer  104 , network  106 , and customer system  108 , as well as other resources that are not shown. Provider  102  is able to provide management resources to customer system  108  over the Internet  110 . Customer system  108  can assume many different configurations that can be set up with monitoring by the present invention.  
         [0017]     Referring to  FIG. 2 , a block diagram of a data processing system  200  that may be implemented as a server in a system is depicted in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Data processing system  200  can be a symmetric multiprocessor (SMP) system including a plurality of processors  202  and  204  connected to system bus  206 . Alternatively, a single processor system may be employed. Also connected to system bus  206  is memory controller/cache  208 , which provides an interface to local memory  209 . I/O bus bridge  210  is connected to system bus  206  and provides an interface to I/O bus  212 . Memory controller/cache  208  and I/O bus bridge  210  may be integrated as depicted.  
         [0018]     Peripheral component interconnect (PCI) bus bridge  214  connected to I/O bus  212  provides an interface to PCI local bus  216 . A number of modems may be connected to PCI local bus  216 . Typical PCI bus implementations will support four PCI expansion slots or add-in connectors. Communications links may be provided through modem  218  and network adapter  220  connected to PCI local bus  216  through add-in connectors.  
         [0019]     Additional PCI bus bridges  222  and  224  provide interfaces for additional PCI local buses  226  and  228 , from which additional modems or network adapters may be supported. In this manner, data processing system  200  allows connections to multiple network computers. A memory-mapped graphics adapter  230  and hard disk  232  may also be connected to I/O bus  212  as depicted, either directly or indirectly.  
         [0020]     Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the hardware depicted in  FIG. 2  may vary. For example, other peripheral devices, such as optical disk drives and the like, also may be used in addition to or in place of the hardware depicted. The depicted example is not meant to imply architectural limitations with respect to the present invention.  
         [0021]     The data processing system depicted in  FIG. 2  may be, for example, an IBM eServer pSeries system, a product of International Business Machines Corporation in Armonk, N.Y., running the Advanced Interactive Executive (AIX) operating system or LINUX operating system.  
         [0000]     General Purpose Agent  
         [0022]      FIG. 3  depicts the elements used with the general-purpose agent, according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention. For example, customer system  108  contracts with provider  102  of  FIG. 1 , specifying that a specific vendor&#39;s monitoring/management product be used. Exemplary vendors for monitoring/management products are International Business Machines of Armonk, N.Y. and BMC Software, of Houston, although many other vendors also produce this type of products. This exemplary embodiment will be explained with reference to monitoring and management products by Tivoli, a division of International Business Machines, Inc. Computer system  302  can be, for example, a server or group of servers, such as the server shown in  FIG. 2 . The system can be configured as a multiprocessing server with a number of programs running on it, a network of dedicated servers, or a combination of dedicated and multi-processing servers. In this example, computer system  302 , which is connected to the Internet, is a multi-processing server contains four applications that will be monitored by Tivoli. The applications are (1) SAP  304 , an integration application platform available from SAP America, Lester, Pa., (2) WebSphere® Application Server (WAS)  306 , a product of International Business Machines of Armonk, N.Y., (3) Domain Name Server (DNS)  308 , a program that communicates with other DNS programs on the Internet to resolve user addresses, and (4) DB2®  310 , a database product of International Business Machines.  
         [0023]     General-purpose agent (GPA)  312  is installed on system  302 , either when the operating system is deployed or when the system administrator determines that the agent is needed. Since this embodiment is designed to work with the monitoring/management programs of a specific vendor, the monitoring/management program to be used on the server is shown as vendor agent  311 . Vendor agent  311  may have been installed prior to the operation of GPA  312 . Alternatively, GPA  312  can install vendor agent  311 , which will perform the actual management and monitoring needed for the applications on this server. In either case, it is necessary to know the preferred policies and configurations, as well as determining whether a license is needed for vendor agent  311 .  
         [0024]     In the presently preferred embodiment, general-purpose agent  312  is written in Perl® (Practical Extraction and Report Language) or in Java®, an object oriented programming language that is movable from one machine to another. Both of these languages are commonly available on a wide variety of machines At installation, GPA  312  contains the address of agent manager  314 , so that when GPA  312  begins execution, it is able to immediately contact agent manager  314 . In the preferred embodiment, the agent manager maintains an inventory of servers being managed by associated agents; at any time that the address of the agent manager is changed, the associated agents are provided a new address at which to contact the agent manager. Agent manager  314  is able to provide scanners and additional agents to the system as needed. Additionally, agent manager  314  communicates with policy-based engine  316 . Policy-based engine  316  can access a best practice database  318 , which contains guidelines according to industry or vendor standards, regarding the specific practices and configurations needed to monitor/manage various applications. The policies or rules in the database can be created by means of an expert system or a similar tool. A sample of the rules found on the best practice database  318  is shown in box  320 . The sample rules include the following:  
         [0025]     (1) if the server contains SAP, then 
        (a) use Proactive Analysis Component (PAC) (a product of IBM Tivoli®),     (b) use SAP best practices file #1 (for instructions on what elements should be monitored),     (c) use SAP software configuration file #3 (to set the configuration of various settings within SAP), and     (d) a license is required and must be managed;        
 
         [0030]     (2) if the server contains WAS, then 
        (a) use PAC,     (b) use WAS best practices file #5, and     (c) a license is required and must be managed;        
 
         [0034]     (3) if the server contains DNS, then 
        (a) use process monitor #7, and     (b) use file system #9 (no license required)        
 
         [0037]     (4) if the server contains DB2, then 
        (a) use PAC,     (b) use DB2 best practices file #2, and     (c) a license is required and must be managed. 
 
 Agent manager  314  and policy-based engine  316  can be instantiated on a single server, such as a server in provider system  102  of  FIG. 1 , although they can also be on separate servers. Likewise, best practices database  318  is preferably available from a central location, such as a storage unit in provider system  102 . Those skilled in the art would understand that the preceding rules are merely exemplary, and that many other rules could be present in the best practice database  318 . Furthermore, the database  318  can be extended to include user or organization preferences that can override the “best practice” policies of the industry at large. 
       
 
         [0041]      FIG. 4  depicts the flow of operations for the general-purpose agent, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The process begins with GPA  312  being installed on system  302 . At the time of installation, general-purpose agent  312  is given the address of agent manager  314 , which oversees the process. As soon as GPA  312  is executed, it contacts agent manager  314  (step  402 ). Initially, GPA  312  requests a generalized scanner, which is able to manage a variety of systems, from agent manager  314  (step  404 ). Agent manager  314  responds by sending a scanner (step  406 ). GPA  312  will install the scanner and cause it to scan server  110  (step  408 ). In the presently preferred embodiment, the scan is produced as an XML file, which is then sent to the agent manager  314  (step  410 ). A sample scan is shown below.  
                                                   &lt;?xml version=“1.0” encoding=“UTF-8”?&gt;           &lt;INVENTORY_SCAN DATE=“xx/xx/xxxx” TIME=“xx:xx:xx”&gt;            &lt;SCAN_TARGET ID=“801” ADDRESS=“10.1.1.1”&gt;             &lt;APPLICATION_DISCOVERED ID=“001”&gt;              &lt;APPLICATION_NAME&gt;               Websphere Application Server              &lt;/APPLICATION_NAME&gt;              &lt;APPLICATION_VERSION&gt;               5.1              &lt;/APPLICATION_VERSION&gt;             &lt;/APPLICATION_DISCOVERED&gt;             &lt;APPLICATION_DISCOVERED ID=“002”&gt;              &lt;APPLICATION_NAME&gt;               IBM DB2 Database Server              &lt;/APPLICATION_NAME&gt;              &lt;APPLICATION_VERSION&gt;               8.1              &lt;/APPLICATION_VERSION&gt;             &lt;/APPLICATION_DISCOVERED&gt;             &lt;APPLICATION_DISCOVERED ID=“003”&gt;              &lt;APPLICATION_NAME&gt;               Domain Name Server              &lt;/APPLICATION_NAME&gt;              &lt;APPLICATION_VERSION&gt;               4.9              &lt;/APPLICATION_VERSION&gt;             &lt;/APPLICATION_DISCOVERED&gt;             &lt;APPLICATION_DISCOVERED ID=“004”&gt;              &lt;APPLICATION_NAME&gt;               SAP              &lt;/APPLICATION_NAME&gt;              &lt;APPLICATION_VERSION&gt;               7.2              &lt;/APPLICATION_VERSION&gt;             &lt;/APPLICATION_DISCOVERED&gt;            &lt;/SCAN_TARGET&gt;           &lt;/INVENTORY_SCAN&gt;                        
         [0042]     Agent manager  314  forwards the information from the XML file to policy-based engine  316  for analysis (step  412 ). Once policy based engine (PBE)  316  determines the applications currently installed on system  110 , PBE can access best practice database  318  to determine the setup agents and settings necessary to initialize vendor agent  311  (step  414 ). PBE  316  notifies agent manager  314  of needed agents and agent manager  314  is then able to push the appropriate agents down to general-purpose agent  312  (step  416 ). In this example, the files found at  320  are sent to the system, along with appropriate agents for instantiating the desired settings and configurations. As the final step, general-purpose agent  312  oversees the installation of the appropriate agents and the initialization of settings and configurations as directed by agent manager  314  (step  418 ). The process is then complete.  
         [0043]     Although this process up to this point has been described as a one-time process, once GPA  312  has been installed, this program  312  can be triggered periodically to ensure that the system continues to be updated with current settings and configurations, as desired by management. Using this method and system, an automated program can replace a great deal of human effort, removing much of the tedium from the installation and maintenance of management/monitoring programs.  
         [0000]     Vendor-Neutral Agent  
         [0044]     As systems grow more complex, it can be more difficult to determine the best vendor for the given system. In this embodiment of the invention, the user can specify desired limitations, but allow the system to determine the best monitoring product or products using a vendor-neutral database, as will be described. In this version, separate vendor-neutral agents will be sent to each server in the system for discovery and installation, although the decisions will be made looking at the overall system and the user constraints.  
         [0045]      FIG. 5  depicts the elements used in an exemplary embodiment of the vendor-neutral version of the invention. In this example, computer system  502  has three dedicated servers  502 ,  504 ,  506 , each of which will receive a copy of vendor-neutral agent (VNA)  512 . Like the general-purpose agent  312 , vendor-neutral agent  512  is preferably written in Perl or in Java. In this exemplary embodiment, server  502  contains SAP Web Application Server, server  504  contains Oracle Application Server, and server  506  contains DB2. Because VNA  512  will be choosing the best vendor agent, the vendor agent is not yet present on the server.  
         [0046]     Again, there is a manager of agents  514  and a policy-based engine  516 . There is also a combined policy and weightings database  518 . In addition to the “best practices”, database  518  contains weightings for each of the monitoring/management programs that can be used with each server application. For example, under SAP Web Application Server, the database  518  shows three exemplary monitoring programs that are available to monitor this application: CCMS Internal is rated a 10 (the highest rating); when used with SAP Web Application Server, BMC is rated a 9; and Tivoli is rated an 8; other ratings exist for monitoring programs used with Oracle Application Server and DB2. Database  518  also contains similar information as was shown in best practice database  318 , although this information is provided for each of the multiple vendors supported, rather than for a single vendor. The customer can also provide their preferences  515  for vendor agents used. Exemplary choices can be (a) the best tool to monitor each server, (b) the single vendor that provides the best overall monitoring for all of the existing applications, or (c) a specific vendor, as long as they are in the top three vendors for each application to be monitored. In this manner, the customer can express a preference without having to personally check each server. The preferences  515  can alternatively be expressed as weightings in the database  518 . Although database  518  is shown here as a centralized database, it is not required. Preferably the information regarding weightings and best practices are easily accessible by policy based engine  516 ; but they can be stored at different locations and maintained by different entities.  
         [0047]      FIG. 6  depicts the flow of operations for the vendor neutral agent, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The process begins with the vendor-neutral agent (VNA)  512  being installed on each server in computer system  502 , e.g., servers  504 ,  506 ,  508 . At the same time, the agent manager also receives user preferences (step  601 ). At the time of installation, each VNA  512  is given the address of agent manager  514 . As each VNA  512  begins execution, it contacts agent manager  514  (step  602 ). Initially, each VNA  512  requests a scanner from agent manager  514  (step  604 ). Agent manager  514  responds by sending a scanner to each agent  512  (step  606 ). VNA  512  will install the scanner and cause it to scan the server it resides on (step  608 ). Again, a scan is produced in XML and sent to the agent manager  514  (step  610 ), as shown below.  
                                                   &lt;?xml version=“1.0” encoding=“UTF-8”?&gt;           &lt;INVENTORY_SCAN DATE=“xx/xx/xxxx” TIME=“xx:xx:xx”&gt;            &lt;SCAN_TARGET ID=“801” ADDRESS=“10.1.1.1”&gt;             &lt;APPLICATION_DISCOVERED ID=“001”&gt;              &lt;APPLICATION_NAME&gt;               ORACLE Application Server              &lt;/APPLICATION_NAME&gt;              &lt;APPLICATION_VERSION&gt;               9.0              &lt;/APPLICATION_VERSION&gt;             &lt;/APPLICATION_DISCOVERED&gt;            &lt;/SCAN_TARGET&gt;           &lt;/INVENTORY_SCAN&gt;                        
         [0048]     Where the multi-processing operating system contains a number of dedicated servers, the scans from the agents on dedicated servers will contain only their single application. It will be necessary to have scans from all of the agents in order to proceed. Alternatively, the agent manager  514  can be instructed to proceed when a given percentage of the servers have responded.  
         [0049]     Agent manager  514  forwards the information from the XML files for each server and from customer preferences  515  to policy-based engine  516  for analysis (step  612 ). Policy based engine (PBE)  516  then determines the applications currently installed on system  502  and accesses best practice database  518  to determine the monitoring/management programs necessary to manage system  502  (step  614 ). Using the scans, customer preferences  515 , and database  518 , PBE  516  determines the desired monitoring program and configuration for each server. For example, given the weightings shown and the three customer choices presented earlier, a customer choosing (a) a best tool for each server would be given CCMS for server  504 , BMC for server  506 , and Tivoli for server  508 ; a customer choosing (b) a single best tool would receive Tivoli on all three servers  504 ,  506 ,  508 , because of the cumulative score; and a customer choosing (c) BMC as long as it was in the top three choices would receive BMC on all three servers  504 ,  506 ,  508 . Once a decision is made, policy-based engine  516  also determines best practice files to accompany each monitoring program.  
         [0050]     PBE  516  notifies agent manager  514  of needed programs and agent manager  514  is then able to push the appropriate agents down to each of the vendor-neutral agents  512  on servers  504 ,  506 ,  508  (step  616 ). As the monitoring programs are sent, so also are the various configuration files that specify the best practices. As the final step, each vendor neutral agent  512  oversees the installation and configuration of the monitoring/management agents as directed by agent manager  514  (step  618 ). The process is then complete.  
         [0051]     It is worth noting that if, in the exemplary embodiment of  FIG. 5  and  FIG. 6 , one of the servers is a multiprocessor running several applications, the vendor neutral embodiment can decide to install several monitoring/management agents on that server to monitor the various applications. This decision will depend not only on the applications running on the server, but also on the weightings and user preferences, as do the other decisions. It is also possible to break out parts of the system, such as license management, in order to easily supplement existing options.  
         [0052]     The advantages of this system are numerous. Most basically, automating the process allows monitoring to be quickly installed on a system without tedious searching and decision-making by administrators. The use of a policy-based engine allows different policies for different clients or situations, without the need to change coding in any way. Any of the databases, such as best practices, weightings, and best configuration, as well as user preferences, can be dynamically updated without affecting the rest of the system. As new versions of the management/monitoring software become available, the GPA or VNA can be utilized to instantiate the new software. The general-purpose agent is very simple, with its only purpose being to download and execute programs and to return information, yet at the same time it is flexible, since its programming language allows it to run under many different operating systems. Thus, the disclosed invention allows the task of setting up new monitoring programs to be handled quickly, easily, and with little error.  
         [0053]     It is important to note that while the present invention has been described in the context of a fully functioning data processing system, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the processes of the present invention are capable of being distributed in the form of a computer readable medium of instructions and a variety of forms and that the present invention applies equally regardless of the particular type of signal bearing media actually used to carry out the distribution. Examples of computer readable media include recordable-type media, such as a floppy disk, a hard disk drive, a RAM, CD-ROMs, DVD-ROMs, and transmission-type media, such as digital and analog communications links, wired or wireless communications links using transmission forms, such as, for example, radio frequency and light wave transmissions. The computer readable media may take the form of coded formats that are decoded for actual use in a particular data processing system.  
         [0054]     The description of the present invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, and is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the invention in the form disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. The embodiment was chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention, the practical application, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the invention for various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.

Technology Category: 3