Patent Document

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation application of international application No. PCT/EP2013/056223 having an international filing date of 25 Mar. 2013 and designating the United States, the international application claiming a priority date of 23 Mar. 2012, based on prior filed German patent application No. 10 2012 005 732.6; a priority date of 23 Mar. 2012, based on prior filed German patent application No. 10 2012 005 731.8; and a priority date of 23 Mar. 2012, based on prior filed German patent application No. 10 2012 005 734.2, the entire contents of the aforesaid international application and the aforesaid German patent applications being incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention concerns a filter element, in particular flat filter element, in particular of an air filter, in particular of an internal combustion engine, in particular of a motor vehicle, comprising a filter bellows on which at least one support element is arranged for supporting the filter element relative to a filter housing in which the filter element can be arranged. 
     Moreover, the invention concerns an air filter, in particular of an internal combustion engine, in particular of a motor vehicle, comprising a filter housing that comprises a housing interior, at least one inlet for air to be purified and at least one outlet for purified air, and a filter element, in particular a filter element according to the invention, arranged in the housing interior such that it separates the at least one inlet from the at least one outlet, wherein the filter element comprises a filter bellows on which at least one support element is arranged for supporting the filter element relative to the filter housing. 
     GB 1 446 195 discloses an air filter unit comprising a filter element and a lateral frame. The filter element can be comprised of filter paper or any other suitable material. The lateral frame comprises a sealing ring. The sealing ring is of the same material as the rest of the frame. It is an integral component of the frame. On each of the four sidewalls of the frame, a plurality of cylindrical projections are formed. During operation, the air filter unit is arranged in a filter housing. The filter housing comprises two housing halves with rectangular cross-section. The filter unit is inserted into a receptacle in the filter housing such that the projections contact an end face of a first one of the housing halves. The two housing halves are held together and held relative the filter unit by means of quick attachment means. The seal is pressed against the first housing half. The projections along the four sidewalls of the frame ensure a correct arrangement of the filter unit in the filter housing. 
     The invention has the object to design a filter element and an air filter of the aforementioned kind in such a way that the filter element can be secured more reliably and/or positioned more precisely in the filter housing. In particular, the filter element, in particular the filter bellows, is to be protected from mechanical loads. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     This object is solved according to the invention in that the at least one support element is arranged directly and/or indirectly on at least one edge of the filter bellows and projects outwardly past the filter bellows. 
     According to the invention, the at least one support element projects past at least one edge of the filter bellows. In this way, the at least one edge is protected. 
     The at least one support element can advantageously be arranged on an exterior side, in particular an end face, of the filter bellows. The at least one edge of the filter bellows, that has the at least one support element arranged in its area, is advantageously formed by at least two exterior sides of the filter bellows that adjoin each other. Advantageously, the at least one support element projects outwardly on the filter bellows past at least one of the sides that form the at least one edge. 
     The at least one edge can advantageously be a real edge, in particular a fold edge of a filter medium of which the filter bellows is folded. However, it can also be an edge which is formed of surfaces of which at least one envelopes a side of the filter bellows or which is defined by other real points, lines or edges of the filter bellows, in particular end face edges or fold edges of a folded filter bellows. 
     Advantageously, the at least one support element can engage about or frame the at least one edge. The at least one support element can extend across both sides, in particular surfaces, that form the at least one edge. 
     The at least one support element can project past one of the sides to the exterior. In this way, a support action in one direction can be realized. The at least one support element may also project past both adjoining sides. In this way, a support action in both directions is made possible. Advantageously, the at least one support element can project past the filter bellows in a radial and/or an axial direction relative to an element axis or an axis that is parallel to the element axis. In this way, the filter element can be supported accordingly in radial and/or axial direction relative to the element axis or the parallel axis on the filter housing. 
     The at least one support element can contact the filter bellows, in particular the at least one edge. The at least one support element can also be arranged at the at least one edge at a spacing relative to the filter bellows. The at least one support element can also be indirectly connected by means of a connecting means, in particular an end member and/or a connecting member, with the filter bellows. In this case, the at least one support element can be arranged such that it contacts the filter bellows or such that it is arranged at a spacing to the filter bellows at the at least one edge. 
     The at least one support element can be arranged at different locations of the filter bellows. It is also possible to arrange at different planes of the filter bellows different support elements. In this way, a uniform support of the filter element in the filter housing can be realized even for a complex configuration of the filter housing and/or of the filter bellows. 
     The at least one support element can advantageously be designed such that it can compensate a positional tolerance of the filter element in the filter housing. Moreover, the at least one support element can be provided with vibration-damping properties. In this way, in particular operation-caused vibrations of the filter housing on the filter element, in particular the filter bellows, can be dampened. In this way, mechanical loading of the filter bellows can be reduced. The service life of the filter bellows can thus be prolonged. 
     The at least one support element can protect the at least one edge of the installed filter bellows in the filter housing. In this way, it can be prevented that the filter bellows, in particular the filter medium of which the filter bellows is comprised, can rub on the filter housing. Rubbing could cause damage to the filter bellows, in particular the filter medium. 
     Moreover, with the at least one support element the at least one edge of the filter bellows can be protected during installation in the filter housing. The filter element can advantageously be inserted through a closable installation opening of a housing part. Upon insertion, the at least one support element can prevent that the at least one edge can rub on the filter housing part and can thereby be damaged. 
     Upon installation of the filter element in the filter housing, the at least one support element can advantageously serve as a guide. Such a guide simplifies the installation of the filter element. This is in particular advantageous when using a filter housing whose inner cross-section tapers away from the installation opening in axial direction relative to a housing axis. 
     Advantageously, the at least one support element can be arranged on the front side of the filter bellows which is leading in the installation direction of the filter element or can at least project past this side. In this way, the protective function and/or the guiding function of the at least one support element can be further improved. 
     Moreover, the at least one support element can protect the at least one edge during packaging, during storage and/or during transport of the filter element. The at least one support element can protect the filter element when it is dropped in particular onto hard ground. 
     Advantageously, on several edges support elements and/or on at least one edge several support elements can be arranged. In this way, the support action and/or the protective function and/or the tolerance compensation can be further improved. Moreover, in this way possibly occurring mechanical loads can be distributed more uniformly onto the filter element. 
     Advantageously, the at least one support element can be separate from possible seals of the filter element. In particular, the at least one support element itself can have no sealing function. In this way, the at least one support element can be positioned independent of a corresponding sealing surface on the filter bellows. The at least one support element can thus be optimized with regard to its support function. It can be arranged on locations of the filter housing which are suitable relative to the support action and/or installation space. Moreover, a shape of the at least one support element and an appropriate size can be selected more freely. 
     In particular in case of heavy filter elements and/or filter elements that are expansive in the direction of an element axis and that are suspended or fastened in the area of an axial end in the filter housing, as is the case in particular for flat filter elements with deep folds, there may be the risk that the filter elements in the filter housing may swing about their suspension or attachment. This swinging action may cause damage of the filter bellows. Moreover, the swinging action may mechanically load or possible damage the suspension or attachment. Such large and/or heavy filter elements are used in particular in commercial vehicles, in particular trucks or buses. With the at least one support element the swinging action of the filter element in the filter housing can be reduced, preferably prevented. The at least one support element can mechanically relieve the suspension or attachment of the filter element in the filter housing. 
     Advantageously, the at least one support element can support the filter element on a side that is opposite relative to a suspension or attachment in the filter housing. In this way, a tilting effect of the filter element in the filter housing can be reduced. In this way, mechanical loading of the filter element, in particular filter bellows, can be reduced. Without the use of the at least one support element, tilting effects may occur which may damage the filter bellows in particular in case of large filter elements. 
     Advantageously, several support elements can be arranged on exterior sides of the filter bellows that are opposite each other relative to the element axis. In this way, the filter element can be supported on opposite sides and can be clamped and secured between corresponding opposite walls of the filter housing. 
     Advantageously, the at least one support element can be arranged in a modular fashion on the filter bellows. In particular, several support elements which may differ in size and/or shape can be mounted selectively on the filter bellows. In this way, one and the same filter element can be selectively arranged in different filter housings. With appropriate selection of the at least one support element, possible installation space differences can be compensated. 
     Advantageously, the at least one support element can be arranged detachably on the filter bellows. In this way, when using the filter element in a different filter housing, the at least one support element can be exchanged accordingly for another, in particular larger, smaller and/or differently shaped, support element. 
     Advantageously, the at least one support element can be configured additionally as an actuating element for actuating a functional component of the filter element, in particular a switch or an opening. In particular, the at least one support element can interact with an opening in a housing bottom, a servicing switch, a membrane for a water drainage and/or a hot air intake. In this way, an additional actuating component is not needed. The actuation can be realized automatically upon installation of the correct filter element. 
     The at least one support element can additionally or alternatively also act as a coding element. It can be designed such that a correct installation of the filter element in the filter housing is possible only when the filter element is provided with at least one support element that matches the filter housing. 
     The at least one support element can advantageously be a flexible component, in particular of rubber or elastomer. In this way, tolerance compensation and/or vibration damping can be improved. The at least one support element can be produced separately and can be connected afterwards with the filter bellows. Alternatively, the at least one support element can be directly or indirectly connected, in particular by a two-component injection molding process, with the filter bellows. 
     Advantageously, the filter element can be a flat filter element. The flat filter element may comprise a zigzag-folded filter medium formed as the filter bellows. In case of flat filter elements the filter media are not closed, i.e., end face folds, like end face edges, are not connected to each other. In contrast thereto, in case of round filter elements, the filter media are closed, meaning that their end face folds are connected to each other. The end face folds are the two outer folds on opposite end faces of the filter bellows. End face edges are the two free edges of the filter medium which extend along the end face folds and delimit them at the end faces of the filter bellows. The end face edges of the filter bellows are the two other free edges of the filter bellows that extend between the end face edges and extend in accordance with the folds of the filter bellows. The fold edges are the edges along which the filter medium is folded. In case of a zigzag-folded parallelepipedal filter bellows, the end face edges and the fold edges are straight and extend parallel to each other. The end face edges extend in a zigzag shape and perpendicular to the end face edges and the fold edges. The end face edges each define an end face edge side of the filter bellows. 
     Preferably, the filter bellows has approximately the shape of a polyhedron. Advantageously, the filter bellows can be cubic, parallelepipedal, pyramid-shaped prism-shaped, wedge-shaped, or the like. 
     In order to facilitate understanding, in the present description of approximately parallelepipedal flat filter elements an axis that extends parallel to the fold edges is referred to as x-axis. An axis of the flat filter element that is extending perpendicular to the x-axis in parallel to the height of the folds is referred to as z-axis. An axis that extends perpendicular to the x-axis and perpendicular to the z-axis is referred to as y-axis. 
     Advantageously, the element axis of the filter element may coincide with the z-axis. Advantageously, installation of the filter element in the filter housing can be done in the direction of the z-axis. The installation direction can thus coincide with the z-axis. Advantageously, the filter axis may cross an inflow side and an outflow side of the filter element. The main flow direction of the fluid to be filtered through the filter bellows can advantageously extend parallel to the z-axis. Advantageously, a housing axis of the filter housing may extend parallel to the z-axis. In particular, the housing axis can extend axially to the element axis. 
     Advantageously, the filter bellows can have deep folds. This means that for a parallelepipedal filter bellows an extension in the direction of the z-axis, which corresponds to the fold height, is greater than the extension in the direction of the x-axis and/or in the direction of the y-axis. It is also possible to provide variable fold heights and/or fold extensions. The fold heights and/or fold extensions can be varied appropriately in the filter bellows. 
     Advantageously, the filter element can be arranged in an air filter of a commercial vehicle, in particular of a truck, of a bus, of a construction vehicle or of an agricultural vehicle. Such filter elements can be of a larger size in comparison to filter elements of passenger cars. 
     In an advantageous embodiment, the at least one support element can be arranged at a corner of the filter bellows. In this way, the at least one support element can protect several edges of the filter bellows which meet at the corner. By arrangement of the at least one support element at the corner, a support in radial as well as in axial direction relative to an element axis is possible. 
     Advantageously, on opposite corners of the filter bellows one support element each can be arranged. In this way, the filter bellows can be more uniformly supported. Also, the corners can be protected better against being damaged, in particular when the filter element is dropped and/or upon installation of the filter element in the filter housing. 
     Corners where the support elements are located can advantageously be positioned opposite each other relative to the element axis, in particular the z-axis. In this way, the filter element can be supported relative to the element axis at radially opposed sides on the filter housing. 
     Alternatively or additionally, the corners on which the support elements are located can be positioned opposite each other relative to a plane that is defined by the element axis, in particular the z-axis, and the x-axis and/or relative a plane that is defined by the element axis, in particular the z-axis, and the y-axis. In this way, the filter element can be supported accordingly in the direction of the x-axis and/or in the direction of the y-axis on the filter housing. 
     Advantageously, a support element can be provided, respectively, on all front corners of the filter bellows in the installation direction of the filter element in the filter housing. In this way, the filter element can be uniformly protected and supported at its front side in the installation direction. Moreover, the support elements can also contribute as guide elements to improvement and/or simplification of the installation of the filter element in the filter housing. 
     In a further advantageous embodiment, the at least one support element can project past all sides of the filter bellows that adjoin the at least one edge, optionally the corner. In this way, the filter bellows with the at least one support element can be protected and supported in all free directions. 
     In a further advantageous embodiment, at least one connecting member, in particular an end member, can be connected at least along the at least one edge with the filter bellows and the at least one support element can be attached on the at least one connecting member directly or indirectly. 
     The at least one connecting member can be advantageously arranged on a lateral surface relative to the element axis or on a front surface. 
     The at least one connecting member can advantageously contribute to stabilization and/or shaping of the filter bellows. By arranging the at least one support element on the at least one connecting member, the filter element, in particular the filter bellows, can be mechanically further relieved in particular relative to the support action on the filter housing. A support force can be transmitted from the filter housing through the at least one support element and the at least one connecting member more uniformly and/or across a larger surface area onto the filter element, in particular the filter bellows. 
     The at least one connecting member can advantageously be connected by means of an adhesive, by welding or according to an injection molding process with the filter element, in particular the filter bellows. The at least one connecting member can be connected at or on the filter bellows by foaming. It can also be connected in another mechanical way, in particular by means of a latching device or a clamping device, with the filter element, in particular the filter bellows. 
     The at least one connecting member can extend with at least one side along the edge on which the at least one support element is located. Advantageously, the at least one connecting member can extend across at least one of the sides of the filter bellows which forms the at least one edge with the at least one support element. In this way, the filter element, in particular the filter bellows, is uniformly supported at the corresponding side. 
     The at least one connecting member can be a frame or part of a frame which surrounds the filter bellows at least partially about the circumference. 
     Advantageously, the at least one connecting member can comprise at least one fastening means with which the at least one support element can be connected. Advantageously, with the at least one fastening means a plug-in connection, in particular a latching connection, can be realized. With a plug-in connection, a force transmission axial to an insertion direction of the connection can be realized in a simple way. Advantageously, the plug-in direction of the connection can be axial to a support direction of the at least one support element relative to the filter housing. In this way, the support action can be further improved. Advantageously, the insertion direction can be parallel to the element axis and/or the installation direction of the filter element in the filter housing. Advantageously, the at least one fastening means can comprise particularly an arrow-shaped or pin-shaped projection onto which the at least one support element is pushed. The at least one support element can be form-fittingly connected with the at least one fastening means. 
     The at least one fastening means can advantageously be arranged on a corner of the at least one connecting member. In this way, the at least one support element can be mounted simply in an appropriate corner of the filter bellows. 
     The at least one support element can be detachably or non-detachably connected with the at least one connecting member. 
     The at least one connecting member can be an injection-molded plastic frame. The at least one fastening means can be an extension of the frame. It can be monolithically formed with the frame. 
     The connecting member can be advantageously an end member. The end member can advantageously seal the filter bellows on the corresponding side where it is attached. The end member can advantageously be arranged on an end face edge side of a folded filter bellows. The at least one end member can be realized as an end disk. By means of the disk shape, the space requirement can be reduced. Preferably, the disk-shaped end member can be produced of a hard plastic component but also, alternatively or additionally, can have a nonwoven strip that covers the correlated side of the filter bellows. 
     Advantageously, the at least one support element can also be attached indirectly on the at least one connecting member. 
     In a further advantageous embodiment, the at least one support element can be attached on a carrier member, in particular a carrier grid, which can be connected or connectable to the at least one connecting member. On the carrier member the at least one support element can be pre-mounted. The at least one support element together with the carrier member can be connected with the at least one connecting member. In this way, the assembly expenditure can be reduced. With the carrier member, the filter element, in particular the filter bellows, can be additionally stabilized. The carrier member can be connected fixedly with the at least one connecting member. It can also be connected detachably with the at least one connecting member. 
     Advantageously, the carrier member can be arranged on the front side of the filter bellows in the installation direction. In this way, the carrier member can protect the filter bellows upon installation into the filter housing. 
     The carrier member can be advantageously a carrier grid. The carrier grid can be advantageously permeable for fluid. Accordingly, the carrier grid can also be arranged on an outflow side or an inflow side of the filter bellows. In this way, an inflow side or an outflow side can also be stabilized and/or protected by the carrier grid. 
     The carrier member can be advantageously designed such that it can be attached with respective sections to several connecting members which can extend on different sides of the filter bellows. 
     Advantageously, the carrier member can be arranged between two end members of the filter bellows. It can be connected with one side, respectively, to the appropriate end member. 
     Advantageously, the at least one carrier member can comprise appropriate attachment means, in particular projections or insertion pins, for attaching, in particular plugging in, the at least one support element. 
     In a further advantageous embodiment, the carrier member can be connected by means of a plug-in connection, in particular a latching connection, with the at least one connecting member. The latching connection can be simply connected and released. In this way, the carrier member can be connected simply with the at least one connecting member. A latching connection is moreover mechanically stable. 
     Advantageously, the connection is detachable. Upon exchange of the filter element it is thus possible to separate the at least one carrier member with the at least one support element attached thereto from the filter bellows. The carrier member with the at least one support element can be reused. 
     The carrier member can be designed as a modular component. Accordingly, depending on the use of the filter element, different carrier members can be used in different filter housings. 
     Advantageously, the at least one support element can be connected with a plug-in connection, in particular a latching connection, with the carrier member. With a plug-in connection, a force transmission axial to the insertion direction of the connection can be realized in a simple way. Advantageously, the insertion direction of the connection can be axial to a support direction of the at least one support element relative to the filter housing. In this way, the support action can be further improved. Advantageously, the insertion direction can be parallel to the element axis and/or installation direction of the filter element into the filter housing. In this way, the support function can be further improved. 
     In a further advantageous embodiment, a seal, circumferentially extending relative to an element axis, can be provided for sealing relative to the filter housing. With the seal, a raw fluid side and a clean fluid side of the filter element can be separated reliably from each other. Accordingly, the at least one inlet and the at least one outlet of the filter housing can be reliably separated from each other. 
     The seal can have additionally a holding function. Advantageously, the seal can be resting on or at a sealing surface of the filter housing. The filter element can advantageously be suspended or attached by means of the seal in the filter housing. The sealing surface can advantageously be arranged in the vicinity of the installation opening. 
     In a further advantageous embodiment, the at least one support element can be arranged on a side of the filter bellows that, relative to the element axis, is axially opposite to the seal. Accordingly, the filter element can be reliably supported on opposite sides with the seal, on the one hand, and with the at least one support element, on the other hand. In this way, swinging of the filter element in the filter housing can be prevented. The mechanical load of the filter element, in particular of the filter bellows, can thus be reduced. Optionally, the carrier member can be arranged on the side of the filter bellows that, relative to the element axis, is axially opposite to the seal. 
     Advantageously, an extension of the filter element in a plane radial to an installation direction can be smaller in the area of the at least one support element than in the area of the seal. In this way, the filter element, upon installation into the filter housing with the side with the at least one support element leading, can be guided past a corresponding sealing surface of the filter housing for the seal through the installation opening. The comparatively larger seal can rest on the sealing surface. 
     Moreover, a housing interior of the filter housing can taper in the installation direction. With an appropriately smaller outer cross-section of the filter element on the side with the at least one support element, the filter element can be easily installed in the filter housing. 
     Tests have shown that optimal results with respect to the support action and/or installation can be achieved when a ratio of the outer cross-section at the side with the at least one support element relative to the outer cross-section in the area of the seal is predetermined depending on an axial spacing, relative to the element axis, between the at least one support element and the at least one seal. 
     In a further advantageous embodiment, a support spacing in a first radial plane, transverse, in particular perpendicular, to the element axis, between radial outer support sections of two support elements which, relative to an axial plane in which the element axis is positioned, are oppositely positioned and which, when the filter element is installed, can be supported radial to the element axis or to an axis that is parallel to the element axis relative to the filter housing, can be smaller than a sealing spacing in a second radial plane, parallel to the first radial plane, between two sealing sections of the seal that are positioned opposite each other relative to the axial plane which sealing sections, when the filter element is installed, can seal relative to corresponding sealing surfaces of the filter housing. In this way, the support function and the force transmission onto the filter bellows can be further improved. 
     Advantageously, the support spacing can be smaller by a value that can be predetermined depending on the axial spacing relative to the element axis between the support section and the sealing section on the same circumferential side of the filter bellows. 
     Advantageously, the support spacing can correspond approximately to the sealing spacing, minus between approximately 2% and 5%, preferably 3.5%, of the preferably average axial spacing between the support sections and the sealing sections. In this way, optimal results with regard to the support action and force transmission can be achieved. 
     The technical object is further solved according to the invention by the air filter in that the at least one support element is arranged directly or indirectly on at least one edge of the filter bellows and is outwardly projecting past the filter bellows. 
     The advantages and features indicated above in connection with the filter element according to the invention and its advantageous embodiments apply likewise to the air filter according to the invention, and vice versa. 
     Advantageously, the filter housing can comprise a closable installation opening through which the filter element is insertable into the housing interior. 
     Advantageously, an inner cross-section of the filter housing on the side axially opposite the installation opening relative to the housing axis can be tapered at least sectionwise relative to an opening cross-section of the installation opening. 
     Advantageously, at least two circumferential sides of the filter housing that, relative to the housing axis, are positioned radially opposite each other can converge toward each other. 
     Advantageously, the filter housing on the side which is axially opposite the installation opening relative to the housing axis can comprise at least one support bearing on which the filter element with the at least one support element can be supported. Advantageously, at least one support bearing can be arranged on at least one radial inner circumferential side of the filter housing. 
     The at least one support bearing can advantageously be suitable for a support action axial to the housing axis, in particular axial to the element axis. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one support bearing can be configured for a support action radial to the housing axis, in particular to the element axis, or to an axis that is parallel to the housing axis. The at least one support bearing can advantageously be arranged on a sidewall of the filter housing. 
     With the at least one support bearing a force transmission between the filter housing and the filter element in axial and/or radial direction can be improved. Moreover, with the at least one support bearing an installation depth of the filter element into the filter housing in the installation direction can be limited. 
     Advantageously, the at least one support bearing can be designed as a coding element which is matched to the at least one support element. In this way, it can be prevented that a filter element which does not match the filter housing is installed in the filter housing. In this way, operating safety of the air filter can be improved. Advantageously, the at least one support bearing can comprise at least one positioning knob which can engage an appropriate positioning receptacle of the at least one support element, when the filter element is correctly installed. The at least one support bearing can moreover have a bearing surface on which the at least one support element can rest. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Further advantages, features, and details of the invention result from the following description in which embodiments of the invention will be explained in more detail with the aid of the drawing. A person skilled in the art will expediently consider the features disclosed in combination in the drawing, the description, and the claims also individually and combine them to other meaningful combinations. 
         FIG. 1  shows an exploded illustration of an air filter with a flat filter element of a motor vehicle according to a first embodiment. 
         FIG. 2  shows an exploded illustration of the air filter of  FIG. 1  in another perspective view. 
         FIG. 3  shows a closed air filter of  FIGS. 1 and 2 . 
         FIG. 4  is a plan view of the air filter of  FIG. 3 . 
         FIG. 5  shows a transverse longitudinal section of the air filter of  FIG. 4  along the section line V-V indicated therein. 
         FIG. 6  shows a lengthwise longitudinal section of the air filter of  FIG. 4  along the section line VI-VI indicated therein. 
         FIG. 7  shows a lengthwise longitudinal section of the flat filter element of the air filter of  FIG. 4  along the section line VII-VII indicated therein. 
         FIG. 8  is a detail view of the air filter of  FIG. 6  along the section line VIII-VIII indicated therein. 
         FIG. 9  is a detail view of the air filter of  FIG. 5  along the section line IX-IX indicated therein. 
         FIG. 10  is an exploded illustration of a housing cup with a flat filter element of an air filter according to a second embodiment, which is similar to the air filter of  FIGS. 1 to 9 . 
         FIG. 11  shows a detail view of the flat filter element of  FIG. 10 . 
         FIG. 12  is an exploded illustration of the flat filter element of  FIGS. 10 and 11 . 
         FIG. 13  shows a lengthwise longitudinal section of an air filter with a flat filter element according to a third embodiment which is similar to the air filter of  FIGS. 1 to 9  and the air filter of  FIGS. 10 through 12 . 
     
    
    
     The illustrations of  FIGS. 1 to 13  are not true to scale. In the Figures same components are provided with same reference characters. 
     DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     In  FIGS. 1 to 9 , an air filter  10  of an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle according to a first embodiment is illustrated in various perspective views and section views. The air filter  10  comprises a filter housing  12  that can be opened and is combined of a housing cup  14  and a housing cover  16 . In the filter housing  12 , a filter element  18  is exchangeably arranged. 
     The filter housing  12  has an inlet  20  for air to be filtered which is located centrally in the housing cover  16 . An outlet  22  for filtered air is located in a sidewall of the housing cup  14 . 
     The filter housing  12  as a whole is approximately parallelepipedal. It is flat in the direction of an x-axis of the filter element  18 . In the direction of the housing axis  24 , which is extending through the housing cup  14  and the housing cover  16 , the filter housing  12  is elongate. The housing axis  24  extends in the illustrated embodiment coaxial to a z-axis of the filter element  18 . The z-axis of the filter element  18  is perpendicular to the x-axis. In the illustrated embodiment, an installation direction of the filter element  18  into the housing cup  14  extends axial to the housing axis  24 . The inlet  20  is coaxial to the housing axis  24 . 
     The housing cup  14  has on its side which is facing the housing cover  16  an installation opening  26  which can be closed off with the housing cover  16 . The installation opening  26  has a rectangular cross-section. Through the installation opening  26  the filter element  18  can be inserted into the housing cup  14 . 
     The installation opening  26  is surrounded by a cup-associated mounting flange  28  that extends radially outwardly at the exterior side of the housing cup  14  relative to the housing axis  24 . The cup-associated mounting flange  28  has a sealing groove  30  which surrounds the installation opening  26  circumferentially closed and which is open on the side which is facing away from the walls of the housing cup  14 . A bottom of the sealing groove  30  forms a sealing surface  32  on which, with the air filter  10  closed, a seal  34  of the filter element  18  is resting seal-tightly. 
     On the radial inner circumferential sides of the narrow side walls of the housing cup  14 , two parallel guide webs  36  are monolithically arranged. The guide webs  36  extend axially to the housing axis  24 . During installation, they serve as a guide for the filter element  18  into the housing cup  14 . 
     At the ends of the guide webs  36  facing away from the installation opening  26  there is a bearing surface  38  of appropriate support bearings  40 , respectively. When the filter element  18  is installed, a support element  42  of the filter element  18  can be axially supported relative to the housing axis  24  at the bearing surfaces  38 , respectively. 
     On the bearing surfaces  38  a positioning knob  43  is centrally arranged, respectively, which are parallel to the housing axis  24 . When the filter element  18  is installed, the positioning knobs  43  engage appropriate positioning receptacles  45  at the end faces of the support elements  42 . 
     The support bearings  40  are realized as recesses in the longitudinal edges of the housing cup  14  and are axial relative to the housing axis  24 . The support bearings  40  each extend radially and axially relative to the housing axis  24 . Viewed axially from a cup bottom  44  of the housing cup  14  relative to the housing axis  24 , the support bearings  40  end in front of a circumferential side of the outlet  22  facing away from the cup bottom  44 . 
     The housing cup  14  tapers in the direction of the x-axis as well as in the direction of a y-axis of the filter element  18  away from the mounting opening  26  toward the cup bottom  44 . The y-axis is perpendicular to the x-axis and perpendicular to the z-axis. 
     The housing cover  16  has a cover-associated mounting flange  46  which surrounds the housing axis  24  circumferentially. When the filter housing  12  is mounted, as shown in  FIGS. 5 and 6 , a radial outer rim of the cover-associated mounting flange  46  relative to the housing axis  24  engages the sealing groove  30 . In this way, the seal  34  is tightly clamped between the cover-associated mounting flange  46  and the cup-associated mounting flange  28 . The seal  34  has an extension that, relative to the element axis  48  of the filter element  18 , is slanted and approximately umbrella-shaped. The element axis  48  extends in the direction of the z-axis of the filter element  18 . When the filter element  18  is installed, the element axis  48  coincides with the housing axis  34  in the illustrated embodiment. 
     On the inner sides of the narrow transverse walls of the housing cover  16 , two reinforcement ribs  50  are arranged monolithically that are shown in  FIGS. 2 and 5 . 
     The filter element  18  is configured as a flat filter element. The filter element  18  comprises an approximately parallelepipedal filter bellows  52  of a zigzag-folded filter medium  54 . The filter medium  54  can be filter paper, filter nonwoven, or another foldable filter medium that is suitable for filtering air. The filter bellows  52  can also be comprised of a filter medium that is not folded, for example, a filter foam or a wound filter medium. The filter medium  54  is folded along fold edges  56 . The fold edges  56  extend parallel to each other and parallel to the x-axis of the filter element  18 . 
     One of the fold edges  56  at the inflow side is shown in an exemplary fashion in  FIG. 1 . In  FIG. 2 , one of the fold edges  56  at the outflow side is shown. The fold heights of the folded filter medium  54  extend axial to the element axis  48 . An axial height of the filter bellows  52  relative to the element axis  48  is significantly greater than the width of the filter bellows  52  in the direction of the x-axis and the length of the filter bellows  52  in the direction of the y-axis of the filter element  18 . The folds can therefore be referred to as deep. 
     End face edge sides  58  are defined by end face edges of the filter bellows  52 . They are located on sides that are opposite each other relative to the element axis  48 . The end face edge sides  58  extend parallel to each other and parallel to a plane which is defined by the y-axis and the z-axis. 
     An inflow side  60 , in  FIGS. 1 and 2  at the top, is defined by the fold edges  56  on the side which is facing the housing cover  16 . 
     An outflow side  62 , in  FIGS. 1 and 2  at the bottom, is defined by the fold edges  56  at the side which is facing the cup bottom  44  of the housing cup  14 . 
     On the end face edge sides  58  of the filter bellows  52 , an end disk  64  is respectively seal-tightly connected with the end face edges of the filter medium  54  located thereat. The end disks  64  are comprised each of a grid which is embedded in plastic material. The end disks  64  are rectangular. 
     The seal  34  surrounds the filter bellows  52  and the end discs  64  relative to the element axis  48 , in circumferentially closed form. It is located somewhat below the inflow side  60 . 
     The end disks  64  each have two plug-in projections  66 . The plug-in projections  66  are located at the edges which are facing the outflow side  62  adjacent to the local corners of the end disk  64 . Some of the plug-in projections  66  are shown in section in  FIGS. 6 to 8 . The plug-in projections  66  each extend axially relative to the element axis  48  away from the outflow side  62  of the filter bellows  52 . The plug-in projections  66  are monolithically joined with the end discs  64 . 
     One of the support elements  42  is pushed onto the plug-in projections  66 , respectively. The support elements  42  are made of an elastic material, for example, rubber or elastomer. The support elements  42  are positioned on the outflow side  62  that is axially opposite the seal  34  relative to the element axis  48 . They are arranged on the four corners of the outflow side  62  of the filter bellows  52 . The support elements  42  are located thus on a first edge  70 , respectively, which is formed by one of the end face edge sides  58  and the outflow side  62 . Moreover, each support element  42  is located on a second edge  72  which is formed by a corresponding front side  68  of the filter bellows  52  and the outflow side  62 . The front sides  68  extend, respectively, between the two end face edge sides  58 , on the one hand, and the inflow side  60  and the outflow side  62 , on the other hand. The front sides  68  each are formed by end face folds of the filter bellows  52 . Also, each support element  42  is located on a third edge  74  of the filter bellows  52  which is formed by the corresponding front side  68  and the corresponding end face edge side  58 . The three edges  70 ,  72 , and  74  meet at the corners. 
     The support elements  42  project past the respective end face edge side  58  of the filter bellows  52  axially relative to the element axis  48 . Moreover, the support elements  42  project past the respective end face edge side  58  axially relative to the y-axis. Also, the support elements  42  project past the respective front side  68  axially relative to the x-axis. As a whole, the support elements  42  project past the filter bellows  52  axially and radially relative to the element axis  48 . 
     For a correctly installed filter element  18 , each of the support elements  42  is supported axially relative to the housing axis  24  and to the element axis  48  on the corresponding bearing surface  38  of the support bearing  40 . Moreover, each support element  42  is supported on the corresponding longitudinal sidewall of the housing cup  14  axially relative to the y-axis of the filter element  18 . Moreover, each support element  42  is supported on the corresponding transverse sidewall of the housing cup  14  axially relative to the x-axis. 
     The support spacing  75 , axial relative to the x-axis and illustrated in  FIG. 6 , of the end face edge-associated outer support sections  76  of the two support elements  42 , positioned opposite each other relative to a plane defined by the y-axis and the z-axis, is respectively smaller than a sealing spacing  77 , axial to the x-axis, of end face edge-associated sealing sections  78  of the seal  34 . The support spacing  75  corresponds approximately to the sealing spacing  77 , minus between approximately 2% and 5%, preferably 3.5%, of an axial spacing  79 , relative to the element axis  48 , between the end face edge-associated outer support section  76  and the corresponding end face edge-associated side sealing sections  78 . 
     For installation, the filter element  18  with the inflow side  62  leading is inserted axial to the element axis  48  and to the housing axis  24  through the installation opening  26  into the housing cup  14 . In this context, the filter element  18  is guided with the end disks  64  along the guide webs  36 . 
     When the filter element  18  is correctly mounted, the front sides of the support elements  42  relative to the element axis  48  are contacting the bearing surfaces  38  of the support bearings  40 . The positioning knobs  43  extend into the appropriate positioning receptacles  45 . The end face edge-associated outer support sections  76  and the corresponding front-side support sections of the support elements  42  are resting on the corresponding sidewalls of the filter cup  14 . 
     The seal  34  projects into the sealing groove  30  of the housing cup  14 . The filter element  18  is suspended by the seal  34  in the housing cup  14 . The end face edge-associated sealing sections  78  and the front-side sealing sections of the seal  34  are resting in this context on the sealing surface  32  of the sealing groove  30 . 
     In  FIGS. 10 through 12 , a second embodiment of an air filter  110  is illustrated. Those elements that are similar to those of the first embodiments of  FIGS. 1 to 9  are provided with the same reference characters with 100 being added. 
     In contrast to the first embodiment, in the second embodiment the support elements  142  are not directly attached to the end disks  164 . They are attached on a carrier grid  180  which is connected with the end disks  164 . In  FIG. 12 , the carrier grid  180  is shown in detail. The carrier grid  108  is permeable for air. It is located at the outflow side  162  of the filter bellows  142 . It covers the outflow side  162  completely. 
     On its side facing the filter bellows  152 , the carrier grid  180  has at its corners a latching receptacle  182 , respectively. Correspondingly, the end disks  164  have at their corners facing the carrier grid  180  a latching pin  184 , respectively. The latching pins  184  each have an arrow-shaped free end formed as a locking hook. For connecting the carrier grid  180  with the end disks  164 , the latching pins  184  are inserted into the latching receptacles  182 . 
     The support elements  142  are arranged fixedly on the corners of the carrier grid  180 . Their extensions and their support functions correspond to the support elements  42  of the first embodiment. 
     Moreover, on the front-side edges of the carrier grid  180 , two front-side intermediate support elements  143  are arranged. The intermediate support elements  143  are located, when the carrier grid  180  is mounted, on the edges  172  between the front sides  168  and the outflow side  162  of the filter bellows  152 , respectively. The intermediate support elements  143  project each past the corresponding front side  168  of the filter bellows  152  in axial direction relative to the element axis  48 , i.e., In the direction of the z-axis. The carrier grid  180  with the intermediate support elements  143  projects past the outflow side  162  at both front sides  168  in the direction of the y-axis, respectively. 
     The support elements  142  and the intermediate support elements  143  are integrally formed or injection-molded of elastic material onto the carrier grid  180 . Alternatively, they can also be formed thereof monolithically. Also, appropriate push-on projections on the carrier grid  180  can be provided onto which the support elements  142  and/or the intermediate support elements  143  can be pushed, similar to the first embodiment. 
       FIG. 13  shows a lengthwise longitudinal section of an air filter  310  according to a third embodiment. Those elements that are similar to those of the first embodiment of  FIGS. 1 to 9  are provided with the same reference characters, with 300 being added. Accordingly,  FIG. 13  shows: 
       310  air filter 
       312  filter housing 
       314  housing cup 
       316  housing cover 
       318  filter element 
       320  inlet 
       322  outlet 
       324  housing axis 
       328  cup-associated mounting flange 
       332  sealing surface 
       334  seal 
       338  bearing surface 
       342  support element 
       344  cup bottom 
       346  cover-associated mounting flange 
       348  element axis 
       352  filter bellows 
       354  filter medium 
       358  end face edge side 
       360  inflow side 
       362  outflow side 
       364  end disk 
       370  first edge 
       375  support spacing 
       376  support section 
       377  sealing spacing 
       378  sealing section 
       379  axial spacing 
     While specific embodiments of the invention have been shown and described in detail to illustrate the inventive principles, it will be understood that the invention may be embodied otherwise without departing from such principles.

Technology Category: 2