Patent Document

FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    This present invention relates to undergarments in general, and more specifically to women&#39;s disposable undergarments having a fluid repellent region and an absorbent layer to be used with a woman&#39;s normal feminine care protection during her menstrual period.  
         BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0002]    Regular undergarments in current use are made of cotton and/or synthetic materials. The cotton and synthetic panties typically do not offer barrier protection. Often the synthetic panties have a cotton lined crotch to absorb vaginal discharges or perspiration. The absorbent/barrier properties of regular undergarments are minimal such that any vaginal discharge and/or heavy perspiration may strike through onto outer clothing (i.e., penetration of liquid from the interior to the exterior of the panty.)  
           [0003]    Panty liners and feminine care sanitary napkins or pads used with regular undergarments have polyethylene backings that provide some barrier properties needed to prevent liquid strike through. However, if the vaginal discharge extends to the sides or the ends of the pads it can leak onto the undergarment. This leakage can stain the undergarment. Depending upon the amount of leakage, liquid may strike through or go around the undergarment to stain outer clothing and/or bedding. Women with heavy periods often use one or more maxi pads, double pads and/or tampons alone, or in combination, and change these pads and tampons frequently to prevent embarrassing, messy leakage and/or staining of outer clothing. In some cases, during their heaviest flow days, women will restrict their activities and stay home.  
           [0004]    A majority of women experience some leakage of menses from their pads to their undergarments. This varies from being limited to a small number of pads leaking onto only the undergarment during light flow to leakage onto the wearer&#39;s outer clothing on almost half the pads worn during heavy flow. Normally this leakage occurs at the side of the product, although end leakage is also a problem. Placement of maxi pads and overnight pads in the crotch of regular undergarments shows that, at best, the pads lay on the leg elastic and, at worst, overhang the leg elastics. This causes side leakage onto the undergarment and possibly onto outer clothing. Typical leakage from the pads is caused by poor fit of the pad to the body, improper positioning of the pad by the user and lack of absorbency. Leakage from the undergarment onto the outer clothing is due to incompatibility between the pad width and the panty crotch width and lack of barrier properties in the panty material around the edge portion of the pad.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0005]    Briefly, this invention describes a three dimensional, disposable, discrete panty with fully elasticized leg and waist openings that is circumferentially stretchable about the hip and stomach regions and which provides back-up leakage protection to feminine care products. It is particularly useful during the wearer&#39;s menstrual period, normally occurring in non-pregnant women about every four weeks, from menarche to menopause.  
           [0006]    The protection benefit is obtained by providing a flexible secondary absorbent associated with the crotch of the undergarment which holds the primary absorbent in proper location for vaginal discharge (menses). The secondary absorbent extends from the crotch into the body of the undergarment front and back and may extend over the leg elastics. This provides an undergarment which is capable of trapping and absorbing the leakage from the pad and preventing liquid strike through onto outer clothing and bed linen.  
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0007]    The present invention will be more fully understood and further advantages will become apparent when reference is made to the following detailed description of the invention and the drawings, in which:  
         [0008]    [0008]FIG. 1 is a top plan view of a panty article of the present invention in a preassembled flat configuration;  
         [0009]    [0009]FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a full-sized, disposable menstrual panty of the present invention.  
         [0010]    [0010]FIG. 3 is a sectioned view taken along view lines  3 - 3  of FIG. 1 and illustrating the outer cover, liner and elastics.  
         [0011]    [0011]FIG. 4 is a sectioned view taken along view lines  4 - 4  of FIG. 1 and illustrating the absorbent layer, barrier and outer cover.  
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0012]    The following detailed description is made in the context of an article including a disposable panty for holding a sanitary pad in place during use. It is readily apparent, however, that the present invention can be employed with other disposable articles, such as feminine tampons, incontinent garments and the like.  
         [0013]    The disposable panty of FIG. 1 illustrates the preferred embodiment of the present invention in a flat configuration prior to assembly. In FIG. 1, a panty  12  is shown having an outer cover  13  which includes a front body portion  14 , a back body portion  15 , a front waist portion  16 , a back waist portion  17 , a crotch portion  18 , waist liner  26  (not shown), leg liner  38  (not shown) and body liner  80  (not shown).  
         [0014]    The outer cover  13  is compliant and soft feeling to the wearer. The outer cover  13  may be liquid pervious, permitting liquids to readily penetrate into its thickness, or impervious, resistent to the penetration of liquids into its thickness. A suitable outer cover  13  may be manufactured from a wide range of materials, such as natural fibers (e.g., wood or cotton fibers), synthetic fibers (e.g., polyester or polypropylene fibers) or from a combination of natural and synthetic fibers or reticulated foams and apertured plastic films.  
         [0015]    There are a number of manufacturing techniques which may be used to manufacture the outer cover  13 . For example, the outer cover  13  may be woven, nonwoven, such as spunbonded, carded, or the like. A suitable outer cover  13  is carded, and thermally bonded by means well known to those skilled in the fabric art. Alternatively, the outer cover is a spunbond. Ideally, the outer cover is a spunbond polypropylene nonwoven with a wireweave bond pattern having a grab tensile of 19 pounds as measured by ASTM D1682 and D1776, a Taber 40 cycle abrasion rating of 3.0 as measured by ASTM D1175 and Handle-O-Meter MD value of 6.6 grams and CD value of 4.4 grams using TAPPI method T402. Suitably, the spunbond material is available from Kimberly-Clark Corporation, located in Roswell, Ga. The outer cover  13  has a weight from about 0.3 oz. per square yard (osy) to about 2.0 osy and alternatively about 0.7 osy. Preferably, the outer cover of the undergarment has a printed pattern, is colored or is decoratively embossed.  
         [0016]    Referring to FIGS. 1, 2 and  3 , an edge  60  of front body portion  14  is assembled with an edge  62  of the back body portion  15  to form a seal  64 . Similarly, an edge  66  of the front body portion  14  is assembled with an edge  68  of the back body portion  15  to form a seal  70 . The waist portions  16  and  17 , when assembled form a waist opening  20  for putting on and taking off the panty  12 . The waist opening  20  is surrounded at least in part by a waist elastic  22 . The waist elastic  22  is stretched and attached to the waist portion  16 . The waist elastic  22  is released after attachment to produce waist folds or pleats  24  to allow expansion of the waist opening  20  so that the panty  12  can fit various sized women. Because users of this invention generally prefer a brief style panty, the waist portion  16  of the panty  12  preferably comes to the navel and is even around the wearer&#39;s waist. Having the panty  12  at this height and then drawing in the waist portion  16  with the waist elastic  22  provides a snug fit. Alternative panty styles include bikini (e.g. regular leg cut and french leg cut) and hipster (e.g. regular leg cut or french leg cut).  
         [0017]    Referring again to FIGS. 1 and 2, the front body portion  14  and the back body portion  15  together with the crotch portion  18  forms leg openings  28  and  30 , respectively, which are generally circular or oval in shape. The leg openings  28  and  30  are each surrounded at least in part by leg elastics  32  and  34 , respectively. The leg elastics  32  and  34  are stretched and attached to the front and back body portions  14  and  15  and the crotch portion  18 . The elastics are released after attachment to produce leg folds or pleats  36  to allow expansion of the leg openings  28  and  30  to fit various sized legs.  
         [0018]    The front body portion  14  is usually divided into a front upper portion  40  and a front lower portion  42 . Similarly, the back body portion  15  is divided into a back upper portion  41  and a back lower portion  43 . The upper portions  40  and  41  are preferably designed to include body elastics  44  which are capable of stretching to allow the wearer to put on the panty  12  and then readily resume the body elastic&#39;s normal contracted form. This ensures a close or snug fit to different body and size forms. A number of body elastics  44  are positioned on both the front and the back portions  40  and  41 , respectively, at positions between the waist opening  20  and the leg openings  28  and  30 , so that the panty  12  fits the wearer better, particularly around the body. The lower body portions  42  and  43  do not necessarily require elastics. If the outer cover incorporates the body elastic, the basis weight of the outer cover and body elastic laminate may be as high as 5 osy.  
         [0019]    In reference to the crotch portion  18  of FIG. 1, the functional total capacity of normal pads worn during the menstrual cycle ranges from about 12 grams to about 63 grams. More typically, the capacity of the pads is above 20 grams. The marketing names associated with such pads include “thin maxi”, “maxi”, “thick maxi” and “super maxi”. These will be referred to as maxi pads. The entire absorbent core normally contained in a maxi pad and which is used during medium to high menstrual flow periods in the panty  12  is the “primary” absorbent  45 . The absorbent which is associated with the crotch portion of the current invention is the “secondary” absorbent.  
         [0020]    The crotch portion  18  of the panty  12  consists of an absorbent barrier composite  46 . The absorbent barrier composite  46  further consists of a liquid barrier  48  and a secondary absorbent  50 . Preferably, the thickness of the crotch portion  18  is less than about 4 mm. The thickness is measured on a 4 inch (102 mm) square sample (leg elastics removed) with a Mitutoyo Digamatic Indicator using a 3 inch (76 mm) diameter acrylic platen and assembly to produce a pressure of 0.05 psi. The liquid barrier  48  is needed to prevent liquid strike through onto the outer clothing when leakage occurs on the panty  12 . The liquid barrier  48  is located on the inside of the crotch portion  18  and consists of a liquid impervious film such as polyethylene. Use of only the film would be hot and uncomfortable, would not be durable enough to withstand changing of pads and would smear any menses which leaked off of the primary absorbent  45 . Any film crotch material in the prior art that is elastic is nominally undesirable for the attachment of a pad since the stretch could detach the pad. Therefore, it is desirable to associate the secondary absorbent  50  with a liquid barrier  48  which is nonelastic.  
         [0021]    The secondary absorbent  50  should have a liquid capacity great enough to absorb leakage of menses from the primary absorbent  45 . The secondary absorbent  50  should preferably have a capacity (described below) and a thickness substantially less than that of the primary absorbent  45 , thus providing a nonbulky and flexible fit. The capacity of the secondary absorbent  50  should have a total capacity of about one-half of the primary absorbent  45 . Preferably, the secondary absorbent  50  should have a total capacity of at least about 3 grams and not more than 6 grams. More preferably, the total capacity of the secondary absorbent  50  should be from about 4 grams to about 6 grams. However, the basis weight of or the type of secondary absorbent  50  should be adjusted to provide resistance to flexibility of less than around 400 grams.  
         [0022]    The absorbent barrier composite of the present invention has a low stiffness. The low stiffness allows the absorbent and barrier to remain attached to the conformable outer cover which conforms to a wide range of body sizes and shapes. Preferably the absorbent barrier composite has a stiffness of less than 400 grams along any axis tested, more preferably less than 300 grams along any axis and less than 100 grams along the axis parallel to the waist opening in the invention.  
         [0023]    The secondary absorbent alone will have a stiffness of less than 250 grams and preferably less than 100 grams along any axis and more preferably less than 75 grams along the axis parallel to the waist opening in the invention.  
         [0024]    The stiffness of the absorbent barrier composite is measured by peak bending stiffness. Peak bending stiffness is measured by INDA Standard Test method IST 90.3-92 Standard Test Method for Handle-O-Meter Stiffness of Nonwoven Fabrics. The nonwoven to be tested is deformed through a restricted slot opening by a blade, and the required force is measured. This force is a measure of both flexibility and surface friction of the absorbent.  
       APPARATUS  
       [0025]    The test apparatus is an Electronic Digital Read-Out Handle-O-Meter, Model #211-5 equipped with flat plates. The apparatus is available from Thwing-Albert Instrument Company in Philadelphia, Pa.  
       NUMBER AND PREPARATION OF SAMPLES  
       [0026]    For each procedure for this test, five samples should be prepared according to the method described in IST 90.3-92. For tests involving the absorbent barrier composite, the specimen should include all structural components of the absorbent barrier composite including any materials or methods used to bond that composite together. For tests of the secondary absorbent only, the specimens should be all structural components of the secondary absorbent including materials or methods for bonding that secondary absorbent together.  
       PROCEDURE  
       [0027]    The procedure should be conducted as described in IST 90.3-92. The procedure makes provisions for altering specimen dimensions if resultant grams readout exceeds the 100 gram capacity of the instrument. Reduction in sample size to result in a read-out within the range of the instrument may be necessary for materials falling in the range of the above description. Conduct all such modifications as described in IST 90.3-92 and use the test unit conversion described in section 7.1 of IST 90.3-92. The gap should be set at 0.25 inches (6 mm) as described in section 10.1 of the IST 90.3-92. The absorbent barrier composite should be tested along an axis parallel to the direction in which the absorbent composite was manufactured (so-called machine direction) as well as the axis perpendicular to the direction of the absorbent composite&#39;s manufacture (so-called cross direction). In addition each side should be tested along each axis. These steps are detailed in sections 10.1 through 10.10 inclusive in IST 90.3-92.  
       CALCULATIONS  
       [0028]    The maximum reading for each specimen is recorded per IST 90.3-92 section 10.3. The five values are averaged for each axis and side condition tested. The results are reported as maximum grams reading for each specimen. This differs from the millinewtons called for in IST 90.3-92 sections 11 and 12. The average of all five values for each condition is calculated.  
         [0029]    The total capacity of the primary absorbent  45  and the secondary absorbent  50  are determined as follows. Any panty adhesive release paper is removed from the pad to be tested. The total capacity of the primary absorbent  45  is determined using the entire napkin minus any release paper. The total capacity of the secondary absorbent  50  is determined using the absorbent barrier composite  46  of the panty  12  and the outer cover  13 . The specimen is weighed to the nearest 0.1 gram and acclimated at standard relative humidity and temperature for two hours. The specimen is then submerged in a beaker of sterile saline (0.9% sodium chloride solution obtainable from the Baxter Travenol Company of Deerfield, Ill.), such that the specimen is totally submerged and is not bent or otherwise twisted or folded. The specimen is submerged for 10 minutes. The specimen is removed from the saline and suspended for two minutes in a vertical position to allow the saline to drain out of the specimen. The specimen is then placed body facing surface down onto an absorbent blotter, such as filter paper #631 available from the Filtration Science Corp, Eaton-Dikmena Division of Mount Holly Springs, Pa. A uniform 17.6 grams per square centimeter load is placed over the specimen to squeeze excess liquid out of the specimen. The absorbent blotter is replaced every 30 seconds until the amount of liquid transferred to the absorbent blotter is less than 0.5 grams in a 30 second period. The specimen is then weighed to the nearest 0.1 gram and the dry weight of the specimen is subtracted from the final wet weight. The difference in grams is the total capacity of the specimen.  
         [0030]    In construction of the absorbent barrier composite  46 , the liquid barrier  48  should retard the movement of the liquid through the absorbent barrier composite  46  by making the barrier liquid resistant to penetration normally encountered under wearing conditions. The composite may be rendered liquid impermeable by any method well known in the art such as coating the secondary absorbent  50  or by securing a separate liquid impermeable material to the secondary absorbent  50 . Alternatively, the liquid barrier  48  consists of a liquid impervious film or foam which is pervious to water vapor under normal wearing conditions. More preferred, the liquid barrier  48  has a water vapor transmission rate of at least about 3500 grams/m 2 /day measured by ASTM E96-92. One example of a suitable film is a 39.4 grams per square meter microporous film produced by Mitsui and sold by Consolidated Thermoplastics (CT) under the tradename of ESPOIR® N-TAF-CT.  
         [0031]    The secondary absorbent  50  may be any construction which is generally compressible, conformable, non-irritating to the wearer&#39;s skin, capable of absorbing and retaining menstrual fluid. Optionally, the secondary absorbent  50  has first and second opposed faces and includes an absorbent rich layer  51  and a support layer  53 . The absorbent rich layer  51  may be manufactured in a wide variety of sizes and shapes (e.g., rectangular, hour-glass, etc. ) and from a wide variety of liquid absorbent materials, such as fiberized wood pulp. Examples of other suitable absorbent materials include creped cellulose wadding, absorbent foams, absorbent sponges, superabsorbent polymers, or any equivalent material or combination materials. The support layer  53  may be any construction which is generally resistent to deterioration by liquids while being conformable, non-noisy and capable of holding the absorbent rich layer  51  in place.  
         [0032]    Alternatively, the absorbent rich layer  51  can range from 30 to 80 gsm 1:1 blend of northern hardwood pulp and southern softwood pulp. The support layer  53  can be a 12-15 gsm spunbond. The pulp layer is hydroentangled through the spunbond. Alternatively, the combined layers may then be microcreped. The liquid barrier  48  and the secondary absorbent  50  are bonded together using an adhesive  72  add-on of 3 to 7 gsm. Optionally, the absorbent rich layer  51  is bonded to the barrier of the absorbent barrier composite  46 . This arrangement permits improved attachment, removal and reattachment of the primary absorbent  45  to the panty  12 . The liquid barrier  48  is bonded to the outer cover  13  on the inside of the panty with an adhesive  74  add-on of 5 to 10 gsm. The liquid barrier  48  may be an adhesive film which bonds the secondary absorbent  50  to the outer cover  13 . A suitable adhesive for both applications includes, for example, National Starch NS 34-5561 hot melt adhesive which is available from National Starch and Chemical Company located in Bridgewater, N.J.  
         [0033]    The width of the crotch portion  18  between the leg elastics  32  and  34  should be wide enough to lay the primary absorbent  45  between the edges without having the primary absorbent  45  obstruct the leg elastics. This allows the leg elastics  32  and  34  to contract and draw up the sides of the crotch to accommodate the depth of the primary absorbent  45  being used and give surface area within the crotch portion  18  to contain leakage from the primary absorbent  45 .  
         [0034]    The minimum width of the crotch portion  18  should not be so wide as to seem bulky or uncomfortable, but a suitable width is at least about 2.75 inches (70 mm) between the leg elastics. The minimum width is advantageous from about 3 inches (76 mm) to about 3.5 inches (89 mm). Optionally, the width is about 3 inches (76 mm). Preferably, the leg elastics  32  and  34  are from about 0.375 inch (10 mm) to about 0.625 inch (16 mm) wide. More preferably, the width is about 0.5 inch (13 mm). Preferably, ruffle material on the edge of the leg openings  28  and  30  outside the leg elastics  32  and  34  is less than about 0.25 inch (6 mm). More preferably, the ruffle material is less than about 0.125 inch (3 mm). It is most desirable to eliminate the ruffle material from the edge of the leg openings  28  and  30 . The overall width of the crotch portion  18  includes the width between the leg elastics  32  and  34 , the width of the leg elastics  32  and  34  and the ruffle material outside the leg elastics  32  and  34  to the edge of the leg openings  28  and  30 . Preferably, the overall width of the crotch portion  18  should be at least about 4 inches (102 mm). The width of the absorbent barrier composite  46  is sized in relation to the width of the crotch portion  18 . Preferably, the width of the composite  46  is at least the width of the crotch portion  18  between the leg elastics  32  and  34 . More preferably, the width is equivalent to the width of the crotch portion  18 .  
         [0035]    The overall length of the absorbent barrier composite  46  should be adequate to extend beyond the ends of the primary absorbent  45  to help prevent liquid strike through at these points when sleeping or sitting. This overall length is at least about 15 inches (382 mm) thus extending beyond the crotch portion  18  along the longitudinal centerline A-A of the panty  12 . Alternatively, the length should be in the range of about 15 inches (382 mm) to about 19 inches (484 mm). Optionally, the length of the composite  46  is about 17 inches (433 mm).  
         [0036]    The width of the absorbent barrier composite  46  beyond the crotch portion  18  should be at least as wide as the width of the crotch portion  18 . The width of the absorbent barrier composite  46  could be narrowed beyond the crotch portion  18  but may compromise the leakage containment. More preferably, the width is from about 5 inches (127 mm) to about 12 inches (306 mm), alternatively from about 5.5 inches (140 mm) to about 7.5 inches (191 mm). Optionally, the width is about 6.5 inches (165 mm).  
         [0037]    The present invention contemplates various shapes of the composite  46 . One preferred composite has a non-rectangular shape with rounded ends which provides extensive coverage in the seat of the finished panty  12 . Another preferred absorbent barrier composite  46  embodiment is rectangular in shape with rounded ends. The essentially rectangular-shaped absorbent barrier composite  46  is more preferred since it can be squared off at the ends to provide a smoother appearance in the back of the panty  12 . Line  76  may be embossed or printed on the inner surface of the crotch portion  18  to aid in placement of the primary absorbent  45  by the wearer.  
         [0038]    Referring to FIG. 3, the waist elastic  22  is shown covered with a waist liner  26 . Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, the leg elastics  32  and  34  are shown covered by the absorbent barrier composite  46  and a leg liner  38 . Referring to FIG. 3, the body elastic  44  is shown covered with a body liner  80 . The liner consists of a nonwoven or other soft material for contacting the wearer&#39;s skin.  
         [0039]    The position and the shape of the leg openings  28  and  30  are important to avoid tightness in the crotch and groin area of the wearer, to obtain adequate buttocks coverage, and to prevent the panty  12  from tilting forward, i.e. tilting such that the front waist edge dips lower in relationship to the back waist edge. FIG. 1 illustrates the most preferred design for leg fit and buttocks coverage. The shape of the curve across the top of the leg may be considered. If the curve is too deep, the panty  12  will shift downward and backward resulting in a short front waist, increased back length and bagginess in the seat of the panty. This causes the panty  12  to appear tilted when worn as evidenced by an unevenness around the waist of the wearer.  
         [0040]    The leg openings  28  and  30  are important to the correct functioning of the panty  12 . With the panty  12  laid out flat as in FIG. 1, the majority of the back half of the leg opening preferably forms a straight line. More preferably, the back edge of the leg opening is straight for a length, θ, of at least about 70% of the length of the entire back half. The straight section θ of the back half of the leg opening should form an acute angle with the longitudinal centerline, A-A, of the panty  12 . More preferably, the line, θ, forms an angle, α, with the centerline A-A of the panty  12  of between about 50° and 65° and most preferably about 60°. The majority of the edge of front half of the leg opening including lengths β and          also preferably forms a straight line. More preferably, the lengths of edge β and          of the leg opening is straight for at least about 70% of the length of the front half. The straight section β of the front half of the leg opening should form an angle with the centerline of the panty  12  of between about 75° and 110° and most preferably about 90°.  
         [0041]    Likewise, the shape of the arc at the inner groin area is important. If the arc is too shallow, tightness may be experienced at the inner groin area. The preferred narrow crotch width reduces coverage of the buttocks. To compensate for such reduction, the back curve is preferably adjusted downward. The arc between the crotch edge of the leg opening and the back edge of the leg opening should start slightly in front of centerline B-B of the panty  12 , see FIG. 1. This allows the leg elastic to be positioned below the lower edge of the buttocks and helps prevent the panty  12  from riding up when walking. This means that the straight portion          of the inner edge of the leg opening is entirely forward of the panty  12  centerline B-B.  
         [0042]    The waist, leg and body elastics  22 ,  32 ,  34  and  44 , respectively, are attached to the panty  12  on the outer cover  13  in generally a stretched state by means known in the art, such as ultrasonic bonded, heat/pressure bonded or adhesively bonded. Materials suitable for elastics include a wide variety including but not limited to elastic strands, yarn rubber, flat rubber, elastic tape, film-type rubber, polyurethane and elastomeric, tape-like elastomeric or foam polyurethane or formed elastic scrim. Each elastic may be unitary, multipart or composite in construction.  
         [0043]    The waist elastic  22  is about 0.5 inch (13 mm) wide. The elastic may comprise threads, ribbons, a film or composite. The threads or ribbons may be multiple and may be applied as a composite. Preferably, the waist elastic is threads, more preferably four threads are used as the elastic and the threads are spaced about 0.17 inch (4.3 mm) apart. The threads may be made of any suitable elastomeric material. One suitable material is spandex such as Lycra® threads available from Dupont located in Wilmington, Del. Suitable waist elastics include threads having a total decitex (g/10000 m) of about 3760 for 0.5 inch (13 mm) wide elastic. Adhesive  74  is used to bond the elastic to the outer cover  13  and the waist liner  26 . A suitable adhesive includes, for example, Findley H2096 hot melt adhesive which is available from Findley Adhesives located in Milwaukee, Wis.  
         [0044]    The leg elastics  32  and  34  are about 0.5 inch (13 mm) wide. The elastic may comprise threads, ribbons, a film or composite. The threads or ribbons may be multiple and may be applied as a composite. The front and crotch leg elastics may be threads, preferably numbering three threads which are spaced about 0.17 inch (4.3 mm) apart. Back elastics numbering up to six threads should have a width of about 0.75 inch (19 mm) and a spacing of about 0.15 inch (3.8 mm) apart. The threads may be made of any suitable elastomeric material. One suitable material is spandex such as Lycra® threads available from Dupont located in Wilmington, Del. Suitable leg elastics include threads having a total decitex (g/10000 m) of about 3760 for a 0.5 inch (13 mm) wide elastic. Adhesive  74  is used to bond the elastic to the outer cover  13  and to the leg liner  38 .  
         [0045]    To provide a snug leg fit and to draw up the sides of the crotch portion  18  to form the primary absorbent cradle, the leg elastics  32  and  34  are applied to the outer cover  13  under an elongation of about 250%. Preferably, during the application of the elastics, the elastics  32  and  34  are segmented into multiple segments, each segment being elongated to a different degree and applied to the outer cover  13 . In the case of two segments, the front segment is elongated less than the back segment. In the case of three segments, the front and crotch segments are elongated less than the back section. Preferably, the front and crotch segments are elongated to about 150% and the back segment is elongated to about 250%. The segmenting and differing tensions allow easier pad attachment, less tightness in the groin area, and less bunching of the crotch portion  18  caused by high leg elastic retraction. The back leg elastic is under higher elongation to help keep the seat of the panty from creeping up with movement during use.  
         [0046]    The body elastics  44  circumferentially surrounding the body portions  14  and  15  of the panty  12  act independently to conform to the contours of various body types and builds. This provides a smooth, snug, and comfortable fit within a given hip size range. Using higher elongation, closer spacing, and higher cross-sectional area in the waist elastic  22  than in the body elastics  44 , the panty  12  takes on a rounded shape and provides good waist fit across the waist to hip ratios encountered.  
         [0047]    Preferably, in the front body portion the body elastics  44  adjoin both the waist elastic  22  and leg elastics  32  and  34 . In a panty  12 , the body elastics  44  are about 6.5 inches (166 mm) wide in the front and about 6.0 inches (153 mm) wide in the back. The body elastics  44  are preferably spaced about 0.25 inch (6 mm) apart.  
         [0048]    The absorbent barrier composite  46  which extends up the front and/or back body portions toward the waist portion is conformed to the wearer&#39;s body by the body elastic  44 . The transition from the front and back lower portions to the front and back upper portions is thus smoothed.  
         [0049]    The waist elastic  22  is desirably under a greater tension per unit width than the body elastics  44  in the upper body portion  40  to provide the snug waist fit over the range of waist to hip ratios of the various body shapes. In the preferred embodiment, the tension on the waist elastic  22  is coordinated with the tension of the body elastics  44  to form a snug fit about the waist opening while providing a smooth transition from the upper body portion  40  to the waist portion  16 .  
         [0050]    In the front and back body portions  14  and  15 , the leg, waist and/or body liners may be expanded to cover the interior of the body portions  14  and  15 . The leg, waist and/or body liners may exclude the center crotch portion  18  which is covered by the application of the absorbent barrier composite  46 . In the body portions where the absorbent barrier composite  46  overlaps the liner, the composite is applied on top of any liner present so as to contact the wearer.  
         [0051]    An acceptable range for the waist elastic tension is from about 380 grams to about 1000 grams. More preferably, the tension at the waist is from about 575 grams to about 750 grams. The preferred leg elastic tension is from about 375 grams to about 1000 grams. More preferably, the tension at the leg is from about 500 grams to about 700 grams. The preferred hip elastic tension is from about 500 grams to about 850 grams. More preferably, the tension at the hip is from about 650 grams to about 750 grams. The waist and leg tensions are determined as follows. The appropriate gauge rod distance is selected from Tables 1 and 2 for a given panty size and desired location measurement. This rod distance is the distance between the top of the upper peg and the bottom of the lower peg on the Chatillon DFG-2 Tensile Tester.  
                             TABLE 1                           Gauge Rod Distance            Pant Size   Waist   Leg               5/6   354 mm   278 mm       7/8   392 mm   306 mm       9/10    468 mm   345 mm                  
 
         [0052]    [0052]                             TABLE 2                           Gauge Rod Distance            Pant Size   Waist   Leg               5/6/7    371 mm   288 mm       8/9/10   445 mm   328 mm                    
         [0053]    Measurements are recorded on the tester in kilograms, the HOLD/NORM switch is set at “NORM”, the T/C switch is set at “T” (tension). The samples are conditioned and the testing is conducted in a standard laboratory atmosphere of a temperature of 23±2° C. and a relative humidity of 50±5% RH.  
         [0054]    For determination of the waist tension, the edge along the bonded seam of the panty  12  is placed over the upper peg of the tester. The panty  12  is allowed to hang freely from the upper peg and the weight of the specimen is tared out.  
         [0055]    The lower block is lifted upwards and the opposing waist edge along the bonded seam is placed over the peg of the lower block. The block is lowered until the magnet of the tensile tester locks into place. The tester is activated and timed for two minutes. At two minutes, the tension displayed on the gauge is recorded. The tension in kilograms is converted to grams and the panty  12  is removed.  
         [0056]    For determination of leg tension, the edge along the bonded seam near the crotch fold is placed over the upper peg. The panty  12  is allowed to hang freely from the upper peg and the weight of the specimen is tared out.  
         [0057]    The lower block is lifted upwards and the bonded seam along the opposing leg opening edge is placed over the peg of the lower block.  
         [0058]    The block is lowered until the magnet of the tensile tester locks into place. The tester is activated and timed for two minutes. At two minutes, the tension displayed on the gauge is recorded. The tension in kilograms is converted to grams and the panty  12  is removed. This measurement represents the right leg tension. The test is repeated for the left leg tension.  
         [0059]    For determination of hip tension, the top and bottom side seams of the body portion of the panty  12  are placed in the upper and lower 8 inch wide jaws of an Instron Model 1122 equipped with a Sintech software system and the Interactive Materials Analysis Program (IMAP).  
         [0060]    The tension program stretches the elastic body portion at a rate of 500 mm/minute until 1000 grams is reached. The crosshead then returns to the starting position and repeats a second cycle. The stress-strain graph can be plotted and tension data points printed at 50, 60, 70, 80, 90% of the full stretch (defined as length at 1000 grams) for first and second load and unload cycles. The tensions were taken from the second cycle unload values at about 85% of full stretch.  
         [0061]    The side seams  64  and  70  may be made on the inside or outside of the panty  12  or formed flat against the panty  12  to give a more finished look to the panty  12  and to prevent the seams  64  and  70  from showing through clothing. Optionally, the lateral edges  60 ,  62 ,  66  and  68  of the front and back body portions are not overlapped but are formed flat and extend out laterally. The side seams  64  and  70  should be minimal in width while providing sufficient strength to be pulled up and down many times over a 24 hour wear period.  
         [0062]    The side seams  64  and  70 , respectively, of the outer cover  13  are sealed by means known in the art, such as ultrasonic bonding, stitching, heat/pressure bonding or adhesive bonding. The maximum seam strength attainable is dependent upon materials used, bond pattern, bond width, and process settings of dwell time, power, and pressure. Suitable side seams typically utilize ultrasonic bonding to achieve a seam strength of at least 5 kg.  
         [0063]    The seams  64  and  70  may have an unbonded portion outboard of the bonded area to provide for a soft edge to the seam. This unbonded portion can ranged from 2 to 3 mm in width. Alternatively, the entire seam width (bonded portion plus unbonded portion) may be less than about 0.25 inch (6 mm). If the seam is trimmed or cut close to the outer edge of the bond area, a sharp edge is produced along the seam edge which can catch on clothes or be irritating to the wearer&#39;s skin.  
         [0064]    The panty  12  was compared to panties constructed of cotton and panties having a barrier but no secondary absorbent  50 . Seventeen women were retained for this comparison. Each woman wore a selected maxi pad with each panty type until the pad leaked onto that panty type. Loose-fitting cotton shorts were worn by each woman over the panty which could be worn under their normal loose-fitting clothing. At the end of each test, the pad, panty and cotton shorts were collected. The pad, panty and shorts were photographed. The results of the comparison found that cotton panties had leakage to outer garments in 35.3% of the women, panties with barriers but no secondary absorbent  50  had leakage in 41.2% of the women and the panty  12  of this invention had leakage in only 23.5% of the women.  
         [0065]    Having thus described the invention in full detail, it will be readily apparent that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. All such changes and modification are contemplated as being within the scope of the present invention, as defined by the following claims.

Technology Category: 1