Patent Document

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This is a §371 National Stage Application of International Application No. PCT/IB2013/052680 filed on 4 Apr. 2013, claiming the priority of Italian Patent Application No. MI2012A000654 filed on 19 Apr. 2012. 
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to a ventilation element for a housing containing an electrical, mechanical, electromechanical or similar member in accordance with the introduction to the main claim. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The use of elements for ventilating known housings in the automobile industry or of vehicles in general is known to be widespread; these ventilation elements for example are associated with apertures in containers of electrical or electronic parts (such as the optical units or headlamps of motor vehicles) or of mechanical parts (gearboxes, hydraulic transmission members, window opening systems or windscreen wiper units, for example) where the pressure must be equalized between the interior of these containers and the external environment. An element of the aforesaid type is usable in every component, not necessarily in the automobile industry, where said need for pressure compensation/equalization exists (for example electrical control panels, street lighting systems, chemical product containers or cans). 
     These ventilation elements are also known to have a form such as to limit water entry into said containers or housings, such water deriving from rain or puddles or from vehicle or engine washing. For example a ventilation element is known from EP1102002 comprising a cylindrical cover member closed at one end and open at the opposite end in which a substantially cylindrical body is inserted. An air passage is formed between the inner wall of said member and the outer wall of the internal body and between the lower surface of the member and the lower end of said body. A plurality of projections are positioned at predetermined intervals along the periphery of the internal body; when said body is not coupled to the cover member, its outer diameter (including the projections) is greater than that of the member, whereas when the body is inserted into the member, its projections enter into contact with the inner wall of said member so that the body becomes positioned and fixed in this latter to create the air passage between the projections. 
     A hydrophobic membrane can be associated with the internal body at that end of this latter internal to said cover member. 
     In the aforesaid known solution, the ventilation function of the subject element of the patent and the connection function between the cover member and the internal body are both achieved by the internal body projections which maintain it spaced from the wall of the cover member. This involves the need for careful specific design of the internal body to ensure suitable ventilation of the housing. 
     Moreover, as the internal body is yieldable, it can deform on insertion or with the passage of time (“relaxing”) to hence modify the cross-sections of the air passages, and thus modify the ventilation of the housing with which the ventilation element is associated. 
     In addition, the internal body can enter into contact with foreign elements which penetrate from the open end of the protection member, hence undergoing damage. 
     Furthermore, in the known solution, the internal body, of yieldable material, projects from the cover member and is connected to the housing. This requires careful design of the ventilation element to obtain correct shaping of said body and member such as to achieve a correct and reliable sealed connection to the relative housing. In addition, after coupling the body of yieldable material to the housing it is difficult to separate it from this latter when the ventilation element needs to be removed. 
     Moreover, the aforesaid known solution (and other known equivalents in the technical field) presents a large rubber portion (internal body), involving a considerable cost for the finished product, and lengthy production times related to the moulding of the internal body. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     An object of the present invention is to provide a ventilation element for a housing containing electrical equipment, such as a housing used in the automobile field as an optical unit (or lighting system in general) or a container for a vehicle electrical control circuit, or other housing of the aforesaid type, which represents an improvement over similar already known elements. 
     A particular object of the invention is to provide a ventilation element of the stated type which can be produced relatively quickly at low cost compared with similar known ventilation elements. 
     Another object is to provide a ventilation element of the stated type which offers optimal ventilation of the housing with which it is associated in any condition in which this latter is used and which maintains this ventilation optimal with time. 
     A particular object is to provide a ventilation element of the stated type in which the ventilation air flow can be optimized by suitably dimensioning its parts and in which the ventilation function can be separated from the “mechanical” function of these parts. 
     Another object is to provide a ventilation element of the stated type the shape of which is stable with time. 
     These and other objects which will be apparent to the expert of the art are attained by a ventilation element in accordance with the accompanying claims. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING 
       The present invention will be better understood from the accompanying drawings, which are provided by way of non-limiting example and in which: 
         FIG. 1  is an exploded view of a first embodiment of a ventilation element according to the invention; 
         FIG. 2  is a view of the element of  FIG. 1  from above; 
         FIG. 3  is a section on the line  3 - 3  of  FIG. 2 ; 
         FIG. 4  is a perspective view of a component of the element of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 5  is an exploded view of a second embodiment of a ventilation element according to the invention; 
         FIG. 6  is a view of the element of  FIG. 5  from above; 
         FIG. 7  is a section on the line  7 - 7  of  FIG. 6 ; 
         FIG. 8  is a perspective view of a component of the element of  FIG. 5 ; and 
         FIG. 9  is a section through a variant of the invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     With reference to  FIGS. 1-4 , these show a ventilation element  1  comprising a rigid body  2 , made of plastic or sintered material and having a cylindrical part  3  closed at a first end  4  by a closure part  5  and open at a second end  7 . The part  5  is preferably integral with the cylindrical part  3 . 
     An internal cylindrical portion  10  projects from an inner side  8  (with respect to the body  2 ) of said part  5 , with which it is integral, and extends as far as the second end  7  of the body  2 . This internal portion  10  hence forms a part of the body  2 , i.e. is in one piece with it. 
     The internal portion  10  is coaxial with the cylindrical part or outer wall  3  of the body  2 , between these there being a recess or interspace  12 . The portion  10  and said wall  3  are connected together by ribs  11  K which stiffen the body  2  and prevent its deformation with time due to thermal cycles, vibrations or atmospheric agents. 
     As will be described, this recess  12  of the body  2  is in communication with a compartment  13  present between the closure part  5  and a first end  14  of a cylindrical member  15  inserted coaxially into the internal cylindrical portion  10  of the body  2  and retained within this latter by interference with said portion. Said member  15  is of yieldable material, such as natural or synthetic rubber or equivalent material, and comprises a second end  17  projecting from the body  2 . 
     The first end  14  of the member  15  is located in a position corresponding with but spaced from the closure part  5  of the body  2 , the aforesaid compartment  13  hence being formed between this part and said end. To ensure the spaced positioning of the member  15  from said closure part  5 , shoulders  21  project from the inner side  8  of this latter, on which the first end  14  of the member  15  rests. The shoulders  21  are of arched shape and contact the member  15  on the inside of the cylindrical portion  10  of the body  2 . 
     As stated, the interspace or recess  12  communicates with the compartment  13  via slots  22  provided in said portion  10 , advantageously to the front of the shoulders  21 . These slots, preferably having sharp edges, cooperate with the cylindrical member  15  and contribute to maintaining this member coupled to the portion  10 . This takes place in particular by virtue of the further deformation of the member  15  when connected to the housing on which the element  1  is mounted. This connection is achieved by mounting the member  15  on a male element of said housing; this causes said deformation which, added to the thrust which the member  15  generates on the portion  10  on mounting the element  1 , causes said member to cooperate in strict adherence with the slots  22  to hence lock it within the rigid body  2 . 
     This fact means that on separating the element  1  from said housing, the member  15  becomes reliably detached from this latter as it forms essentially one piece with the rigid body  2 . 
     At the first end  14 , the member  15  supports a membrane of known hydrophobic material  25 , while at the second end  17  of this member the element  1  is coupled to the housing which is to be ventilated. The membrane  25  can be flat or have a different shape, with its surface continuous or presenting a succession of crests and depressions, for example as a concave surface (for example conical with its vertex facing the side  8 ) or convex. As visible in  FIG. 9 , a variant of the invention is shown presenting a conical membrane  25 . In this variant, the closure part  5  can be flat as in the previous figures or have a shape which follows the membrane profile as shown in  FIG. 9 . 
     For ventilation, the air of the housing with which the element  1  is associated passes through the conduit  30  of the tubular member  15 , passes through the membrane  25  and from there into the compartment  13 . The air passes through the slot  22  into the interspace  12  and emerges from the body  2  through its second end  7 . By virtue of he fact that the recess or interspace  12  is defined by two rigid parts (the wall  3  and the portion  10 ), it is non-deformable and ensures constancy in the ventilation air flow. This enables the ventilation air flow rate to be optimized by suitable dimensioning of the interspace  12  of the body  2  and of the slots  22 , said flow rate hence not depending on components of variable dimensions as for example is the case of known solutions in which ventilation takes place between a rigid and a yieldable body, for example of rubber. In the case of the present invention, as the flow always takes place between rigid parts (the wall  3  and the portion  10 ), it can be calculated precisely and be guaranteed by suitable design of the rigid body  2 . 
     In addition, this ventilation is achieved precisely and only via the body  2 , the member  15  being used only for supporting the membrane  25  and for securing the element  1  to the housing to be ventilated. The member  15  supporting the membrane  25  is moreover well protected by the body  2  and by its two coaxial parts, the wall  3  and the portion  10 . This protection is to be considered valid both against impacts to which the member  15  could be subjected and against external agents, such as variation in the temperature of the air surrounding the element  1 , which could worsen the performance of said element with time by limiting its deformation or “relaxation”. 
     In addition, the element  1  makes little use of components of yieldable material, which have a cost exceeding that of rigid components, for example of plastic. The cost is hence lower than known solutions with lesser production times than these latter. 
     Moreover, the shape of the body  2  with the cylindrical portion  10  and of the member  15 , also cylindrical, facilitates their manipulation during assembly of the element  1 , achieved by automatic machines. This is because of the simplicity of the geometrical shape of said body  2  and member  15  which are easy to handle and couple together. 
     Finally, the member  25  is inserted into the portion  10  and contacts the entire surface of this latter. This maximizes the seal of the assembly with time, without projections or other coupling members being required on at least one from said portion and said member. 
     In  FIGS. 5-8 , in which parts corresponding to those of the already described figures are indicated by the same reference numerals, the element  1  comprises apertures  40  provided in proximity to or at the closure part  5  of the body  2 . 
     These apertures  40  are through apertures and communicate with the compartment  13 ; within this latter the shoulders  21  on which the member  15  rests are present in front of said apertures. The function of these shoulders, as also in the embodiment of  FIGS. 1-4  (but with greater emphasis in the embodiment under examination), is to disperse into the compartment  13  any water droplets which pass through the apertures  40  (or the slots  22  of the previously described embodiment) and prevent their impact against the membrane  25  associated with the member  15  in proximity to the closure part  5 . 
     The cylindrical portion  10  projects from said part  5  but, in contrast to the embodiment of  FIGS. 1-4 , does not extend as far as the second end  7  of the body  2 , but terminates within this latter. The extension of said portion  10 , however, is such that it couples by interference to the member  15  to hence retain it secured to the body  2 . To improve this retention, shoulders or uprights  43  extend from the portion  10  in one piece with this portion and with the wall  3  of the body  2 , having a free wall  44  cooperating by interference with the member  15  and contributing to retaining this latter in the body  2 . 
     In the embodiment of  FIGS. 5-8 , the ventilation of the housing to which the element  1  is connected takes place by a flow which passes through the member  15 , through the compartment  13  and emerges from the body  2  through the apertures  40 . 
     The aforedescribed solution also presents at least part of the advantages already indicated with reference to the embodiment of  FIGS. 1-4 . 
     Various embodiments of the invention have been described. Others are however available in the light of the aforegoing description and are to be considered as falling within the scope of the following claims.

Technology Category: 2