Patent Document

THE FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to portable antennas which connect directly to physical/electrical media connectors used in the computer and communications industry. More particularly, the present invention relates to an antenna which can be connected to the miniature 8- and 6-position jacks commonly known as RJ-11 and RJ-45 jacks. This type of antenna is useful in combination electronic devices which utilize both wireless and wired communications networks. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Some standards in the electrical connector industry have been created by government regulation such as the Federal Communications Commission&#39;s Title 47, §68.500, otherwise denoted “Subpart F—Connectors” (Subpart F). Subpart F is incorporated herein by reference. Subpart F contains detailed specifications for “miniature” connectors used in the communications industry. Included in this specification are the “Miniature 6-position plug and jack” and the “Miniature 8-position plug and jack.” These connectors, commonly known as the RJ-11 connector and the RJ-45 connectors, respectively, are ubiquitous throughout the industry. 
     The miniature 6-position connector or RJ-11 has emerged as the industry standard connector for telephone lines. RJ-11 plugs and jacks are used on almost all telephone sets for connection to the phone system and consequently are used for standard modem connections which also use these telephone lines. Although most telephone companies use only 4 or 2 of the available positions on the connector, the 6-position connector is the standard. 
     The miniature 8-position connector or RJ-45 has become an industry standard connector for computer networks. It is used for inter-connectivity between network adapter cards, hubs, routers, switches and other network hardware. 
     These connectors have been the industry standard for many years and are likely to remain so in the future for telephones, desktop computer modems and network adapters, and other substantially stationary communications equipment. However, hardware technology and the “miniaturization” of components has progressed to the point that the standard, “miniature” RJ connectors have a larger cross-section than the thickness of the hardware to which they connect. 
     An example of these smaller, thin profile hardware configurations is the PC Card Standard promulgated by the Personal Computer Memory Card International Association (PCMCIA). The PCMCIA PC Card standard identifies three primary card type designations: Type I, II and III. These type designations correspond to physical dimension restrictions or “form factors” of 85.6 mm (length)×54.0 mm (width) and thicknesses of 3.3 mm, 5.0 mm and 10.5 mm respectively. These thin profile expansion cards are used to expand the functionality of computers and related products by adding circuitry contained on the card to the host device. Host devices, such as laptop computers, contain expansion slots which receive the expansion cards and provide electrical connections thereto. Modems and network adapters are often constructed in PC Card standard form factor. 
     As a consequence of hardware miniaturization in the face of a nearly worldwide RJ connector standard, hardware manufacturers have developed myriad proprietary hardware connection standards and an assortment of connectors and adapters that allow the RJ plugs to be connected to thin profile hardware. 
     One elegant and convenient connector which allows connection of the standard RJ type plug with thin profile hardware is the XJACK® produced by 3Com Corporation, Salt Lake City, Utah. The XJACK®, shown generally in FIG. 1, is a thin profile connector designed to be contained within hardware such as PC Card standard compliant devices. The XJACK® comprises a thin body  2  with an aperture  4  therein for receiving a standard RJ connector plug  6  such as a miniature 6-pin plug, a miniature 8-pin plug or some other connector. Jack conductors  8  contact plug conductors  10  just as a conventional RJ jack connects. The XJACKS® may be retractable within the device or be detachable therefrom. Commonly used XJACK® connectors retract in and out of a device by sliding along a track. A spring is often used to bias the XJACK® connector such that it pops out of its retracted state and remains extended during use. 
     Wireless communication devices are now becoming commonplace in the electronics industry. Wireless networking of portable computers and associated devices is now replacing a large segment of the networking market. Wireless communication devices including wireless networking adapters, hubs and other equipment utilize radio transmitters and receivers to transmit data signals from one device or node to another. These radio transmitters and receivers must utilize a specific frequency band and protocol to accomplish this task. Since these wireless networks and communications areas may often overlap, standards, protocols and privacy protection are necessary. One current standard in the industry has been established by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) and is known as IEEE 802.11. This standard comprises communications standards, protocol and equipment specifications for wireless communication equipment including privacy and encryption provisions. 
     Another emerging standard in wireless communications and networking, known as Bluetooth®, is being established by a collaborative group of communications and computing companies. Devices incorporating Bluetooth® technology will utilize a micro-chip transceiver for communications between devices. Bluetooth® devices will transmit in the previously unused 2.4 GHz range. Bluetooth® technology promises to be a viable and economical networking solution for interconnection of cell phones, computers, printers, modems, computer peripherals, fax machines and other communications and computing devices. The size of the Bluetooth® transceiver will make it usable in devices as small as palm computers and cell phones. 
     Antennas are well known for enabling and improving transmission to radio receivers and from radio transmitters. Antennas can dramatically increase the range of radio transceivers, however most antenna designs function best when protruding from their host device. In small electronic devices protruding antennas are often vulnerable to breakage as the devices are often stowed in purses, pockets, backpacks and other areas where neglect can occur. Often a removable antenna is more convenient and durable. 
     When antennas are incorporated into thin-profile devices such as PC Card standard expansion cards, very little space is available for the antenna and connections thereto. This lack of space limits the size of the antenna and accordingly its range. Removable external antennas can be larger than internal antennas and therefore obtain better reception and range. 
     While wireless technology is fast replacing a large segment of the communications and networking industry, wired equipment is still prevalent. A communications or computing device, such as a portable computer, which can connect to both wireless and conventionally wired networks will be more adaptable and convenient at the present time. A device or expansion card which provides connectivity to both wired and wireless technology is extremely useful. 
     SUMMARY AND OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to detachable antennas which couple with standard connectors on electronic devices. Many electronic apparatus comprise physical/electrical media connectors which are used to connect to communications networks such as telephone networks or computer networks. This is often done by connecting a telephone or network cable to the connector on the apparatus. 
     Wireless communications devices are becoming extremely common especially in the fields of telephone communications and computer network communications. Wireless local area networks (LAN&#39;s) and even wide area networks (WAN&#39;s) are now widespread. Because portable computing devices may need to interface with both wireless and conventional wired networks, a combination network adapter or modem which accommodates both wired and wireless communications can be useful. These combination devices must often fit into a device with a very small form factor or thin profile. Consequently, space for both a wired connector and a separate antenna is often difficult to find. Embodiments of the present invention comprise a detachable antenna which can be connected to a wired connector on a device and which obviates the need for an internal antenna on the device. Some embodiments of the present invention also allow the antenna to be designed larger than an internal antenna allowing increased frequency ranges and improved performance. 
     Some embodiments of the present invention also comprise a partial or full ground plane contained in the portion of the removable antenna which plugs into the connector. A ground plane may also be built into the connector itself. For example, and not by way of limitation, an XJACK® or other retractable thin profile jack may be constructed with a ground plane element therein to enhance antenna performance. The plug portion of the antenna which inserts into the XJACK® may also have a ground plane element which complements the ground plane in the XJACK®. 
     Some embodiments of the present invention may also comprise switching circuitry which automatically activates or switches to a wireless device when the antenna is inserted into a connector. When the antenna is removed, the device switches to a wired device. For example, and not by way of limitation, a combination wireless network adapter and wired network adapter may be contained in a single expansion card. When the antenna is inserted, the circuitry automatically activates the wireless adapter and when the antenna is removed, the wired adapter is activated. The same principle may be used for a wired/wireless modem combination. 
     Accordingly, it is an object of some embodiments of the present invention to provide an antenna which is configured to connect with conventional cable connectors. 
     It is also an object of some embodiments of the present invention to provide an antenna which can be used with thin profile devices without room for internal antennas. 
     It is another object of some embodiments of the present invention to provide a combination electronic device which can be used with both wired and wireless communications networks. 
     These and other objects and features of the present invention will become more fully apparent from the following, description and appended claims, or may be learned by the practice of the invention as set forth hereinafter. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     In order that the manner in which the above-recited and other advantages and objects of the invention are obtained, a more particular description of the invention briefly described above will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings. Understanding that these drawings depict only typical embodiments of the invention and are not therefore to be considered to be limiting of its scope, the invention will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail through the use of the accompanying drawings in which: 
     FIG. 1 is a cut-away perspective view of a retractable connector; 
     FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a retractable connector of an electronic device showing a removable antenna inserted therein; 
     FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a modular embodiment of the present invention with alternative antenna attachments; 
     FIG. 4 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention comprising ground plane elements. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     It will be readily understood that the components of the present invention, as generally described and illustrated in the Figures herein, could be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following more detailed description of the embodiments of the system and apparatus of the present invention, as represented in FIGS. 2 through 4, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but it is merely representative of the presently preferred embodiments of the invention. 
     The currently preferred embodiments of the present invention will be best understood by reference to the drawings, wherein like parts are designated by like numerals throughout. 
     The Personal Computer Memory Card International Association (PCMCIA) promulgates the PC Card Standard for thin profile or thin architecture expansion cards for electronic devices. The PC Card standard designates the physical dimensions of the cards as well as the electrical configuration of the cards including the 68-pin interface between the card and the host device. The physical dimensions of cards conforming to this standard are 85.6 mm in length by 54.0 mm in width. Several thickness variations fall within the standard and are designated by type designation. Type I, II, and III PC Cards have thicknesses of 3.3 mm, 5.0 mm and 10.5 mm respectively. Any references to the PC Card Standard or PCMCIA card standard refer to electronic cards substantially conforming to this standard as described herein. 
     The term miniature modular jack, physical/electrical media connector, fixed jack, XJACK®, alligator jack, and the like, connotes a media connector that may have qualities such as those connectors having physical attributes described in F.C.C. Part 68, Subpart F. Specific terms such as RJ-type, RJ-11, RJ-45, 6-pin miniature modular plug, 8-pin miniature modular plug, and similar terminology are all references to specific exemplary physical/electrical media connectors falling within the broader parameters of the term physical/electrical media connectors and are cited by way of example and should not be used to limit the scope of the present invention to specific connectors. 
     In reference to FIG. 2, a first embodiment of the present invention is shown in cross-section. Electronic apparatus  20  comprises a retractable jack  22  similar to the jack shown in FIG.  1 . Retractable jack  22  has an aperture  24  therein for receiving a standard cable plug connector such as a miniature 8-pin or 6-pin plug as described in FCC Part  68 , subpart F. Other connector formats may also be used. These connectors often have a locking mechanism  26  which holds the plug in place once it has been inserted into the jack. A tang  28  is typically pressed to release the locking mechanism  26 . This first embodiment of the present invention comprises a plug base  30  which has the same general physical format as the cable connector plug shown in FIG. 1, however, instead of providing a cable connection, the plug base  30  of the present invention connects to an antenna  32 . When plug base  30  is inserted into jack  22 , plug base conductors  36  contact jack conductors  34  which provide electrical connections to apparatus  20 . 
     Antenna  32  allows apparatus  20  to utilize wireless devices such as a wireless LAN adapter or a wireless modem. Antenna  32  may also be used to increase the range or reception quality of low power wireless devices which have small internal antennas. For example, and not by way of limitation, antenna  32  may be used to increase the range or reception of a Bluetooth® enabled wireless device. Antenna  32  may be a dipole, monopole, patch or other type of antenna. Antenna  32  may also have several physical configurations, for example and not by way of limitation, antenna  32  may be a flex antenna that can be arranged in various positions. 
     When antenna  32  is no longer in use, it may be easily removed by releasing locking mechanism  26  with a quick press on tang  28  as with similar cable connectors. After antenna removal, retractable jack  22  may be pressed into its retracted position and small format apparatus  20  may be placed in a pocket or other small area without being restricted by antenna  32 . 
     A second embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 3 where a modular plug base  40  is shown with antenna contacts  42 . Plug base  40  is physically and electrically configured to connect with jack  44  and its circuitry. Modular contacts  42  allow plug base  40  to be used with multiple antenna configurations such as disk antenna element  46  and dipole antenna element  48 . Modular contacts  42  provide electrical and physical connectivity to alternative antenna embodiments which can be plugged into base  40 . This modular configuration allows this embodiment of the present invention to be used with multiple wireless devices with varying antenna requirements. It may also be used to allow a user to select among an assortment of alternative antennas to find one best suited to a given device or application. 
     Some types of antennas, including monopole antennas, experience improved range and performance when they radiate against. a ground plane. Some embodiments of the present invention may utilize ground plane elements, as shown in FIG. 4, within base plug  60  and/or within jack body  62 . Ground plane elements may be constructed by placing conductive material on a substantially horizontal surface of jack body  62  or plug base  60 . A metal sheet, metallic foil, metallic mesh or other suitable material may be bonded to the surface of body  62  or base  60 . Alternatively, the ground plane elements  64  and  66  may be molded into base  60  or body  62 . In order to provide a continuous ground place without holes or discontinuities base ground plane element  64  may be electrically and physically connected to body ground plane element  66  to form a single ground plane. Ground plane elements  64  and  66  may also be connected to elements within a device or expansion card to further increase ground plane size and performance. When base  60  is plugged into jack body  62 , the gap in body ground plane element  66  formed by the presence of aperture  72  is filled with base ground plane element  64  thereby forming a unitary ground plane without holes and discontinuities. Electrical connection between base ground plane element  64  and body ground plane element  66  may be achieved using a linking conductor  68  which forms an electrical contact between the two ground plane elements. Once antenna  70  and base plug  60  are in place in jack aperture  72 , antenna  72  may radiate against the ground plane elements and obtain greater range and performance. 
     The commonly used miniature 8-pin and miniature 6-pin connectors known in the art are typically used in applications that require only 2 to 4 pins. The additional pins are typically not necessary and often go unused. Embodiments of the present invention use these unused conductors for additional functionality. Some of the unused conductors may be used as transmission line conductors for the antenna leads. Additional conductors may be used to perform switching operations whereby circuitry in a device or expansion card is activated or deactivated according to the position of the antenna within the device&#39;s jack. In one embodiment comprising a combination wireless LAN adapter and a wired LAN adapter, previously unused conductors are used to switch between the wireless circuitry which is activated when an antenna is inserted into the jack and wired circuitry which is activated when the antenna is removed from the jack. Similar switching can be performed for combination wireless modem and wired modem cards as well as other combinations of electronic devices. Switching and activation may utilize a pull-up resistor configuration to accomplish this task. Other circuitry may also be used and digital circuitry, including multiplexor adaptations may be used. 
     Impedance matching circuitry may also be located within the antenna, base plug, jack or other elements of the present invention. In some embodiments, impedance matching circuitry is located within a base plug  30 ,  40  or  60  to improve antenna performance and compatibility. 
     The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. The described embodiments are to be considered in all respects only as illustrated and not restrictive. The scope of the invention is, therefore, indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.

Technology Category: 5