Patent Document

RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application claims benefit of Provisional Application No. 60/234,293 filed Sep. 21, 2000. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to sump pumps and in particular to a water-powered sump pump. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Sump pumps are normally electrically powered utilizing water level sensors to activate electric motor driven pumps. Because sump pumps are most frequently called upon during and immediately after storms, electric service may not be available throughout the time period in which the pump is required to act. While it has been known to provide battery backup systems to supply electric power during power outages, such backup systems are quickly drawn down, are difficult to maintain at optimum charge and require periodic replacement of the batteries. 
     It has been proposed to utilize water-powered pumping systems where a connection to a water supply, such as a municipal water system, may be available to provide an uninterrupted pressured flow even during times of electrical outage. Such devices may include venturi devices or turbine vane pumps. 
     While such devices may work during periods of electrical outage, they are relatively inefficient, having small pumping capacities in comparison to the volumes of water required, may have small operating heads, and provide back flow contamination problems, particularly in those situations, such as venturi devices, where the high-pressure water, generally potable water, mixes directly with the gray water from the sump. 
     It therefore would be an advance in the art to provide a non-electrically driven sump pump having relatively higher efficiencies than current water-powered sump pumps. 
     It would be a further advance in the art to provide a relatively high efficiency water-powered positive displacement sump pump which avoids back flow problems. 
     It would be a further advance in the art to provide a water-powered sump pump utilizing a reciprocating positive displacement pump having a pumping chamber submerged in the sump with a drive chamber connected to a pressure water supply, the drive chamber spaced from the pumping chamber and employing a reversing valve to reciprocate the positive displacement pump. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     These and other advantages and features of the invention are provided by my design which incorporates a positive displacement pump including a pump chamber received in the sump having an intake open to the sump and a discharge to waste which employs a reciprocating driving member driven by a mechanical connection to a drive or power chamber which in turn has a reciprocating member acted upon by pressure water to reciprocate the driving member, the pressure water being controlled by a reversing valve. 
     In one embodiment of the invention, the pump chamber, positioned adjacent to the bottom of the sump is provided with a reciprocating member such as a piston or a diaphragm which is linked by a piston rod to a reciprocating driving member, such as a piston or diaphragm, in a power cylinder spaced above the bottom of the sump. A flow-reversing valve alternately directs pressure water from a pressure water supply to one side or the other of the reciprocating member in the power cylinder thereby reciprocating the diaphragm or piston in the power cylinder. The volume of the power cylinder traversed by the driving member is a fraction of the volume of the pumping chamber traversed by the pumping member such that for an equal stroke length, a smaller volume of water in the pumping chamber at a higher pressure moves a larger volume of water in the pumping chamber at a lower pressure. Since normal line pressure from a municipal water system generally exceeds 25 psi (and may be in the range of 30-60 psi), and since the normal pump head from a sump to a discharge line, over the top of a building foundation to a storm sewer, is only on the order of five to twelve feet, volumetric pumping capacity on the order of three to five times greater are easily obtained. Such efficiencies permit the discharge from the pumping chamber to be drawn in with the gray water from the sump while still maintaining good pumping efficiency. By providing an air gap between the discharge of the power chamber and the high water level of the sump, the potable water system is effectively separated from the gray water and back flow cannot occur. 
     A standard float switch can be utilized to control an on/off valve for providing pressure water to the reversing valve and appropriate check valves may be provided to control intake and discharge from the pumping chamber. 
     In a further embodiment of this invention, the drive chamber can be positioned above the top of the sump with either a discharge directly to waste, preferably while maintaining an air gap, or with discharge directly to the sump. 
     It is therefore one object of this invention to provide a positive displacement, pressure water, sump pump having separated drive and pumping modules wherein the drive module includes a drive chamber having a reciprocating power member driven by pressure water through a reversing valve, the reciprocating power member being mechanically linked to a reciprocating pump member received in a pump chamber located adjacent to the bottom of a sump, with the pump chamber having inlets open to the sump and outlets open to discharge and where reciprocation of the reciprocating power member encompasses a volume less than the volume encompassed by reciprocation of the pumping member. 
     Other features of this invention will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art from the following description of a preferred embodiment, it being understood that those skilled in the art will appreciate that the preferred embodiments described may be easily modified with respect to most details thereof while maintaining the advantages of this invention. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a water-powered sump pump utilizing a reciprocating pumping piston. 
     FIG. 2 is a modified water-powered pump utilizing a diaphragm pumping member. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     As shown in FIG. 1, a standard sump  10  having a sump bottom  11  and a sump cover  12  is provided with a typical electric sump pump  14  (which also may have a battery powered back up pump) having a discharge line  15  to waste  16 . The sump pump  14  is line powered and/or batter powered may be actuated by any normal water level sensor such as, for example, by a float. 
     As is well known, sump pump such as  14  experience failures either due to the loss of electric power, motor bum out or pump bearing failure. In the case of battery powered pumps, draw down of batter power my also lead to failure. In such situations, it is desirable to have a back up pumping system, and preferably one not subject to failure for the same reasons as pump  14 . 
     My invention provides a water-powered sump pump generally indicated at  20  which includes a drive chamber  21  containing a power cylinder  22  which, as illustrated, is positioned preferably exterior of the sump and a pump chamber  24  which includes a pump cylinder  25 , located in the sump preferably adjacent to the bottom  11 . If desired, a support tube  30  may connect the drive chamber and pump chamber  21  and  24  to provide an overall housing assembly. 
     The pump chamber  24  is illustrated as receiving a piston  31  which may be provided with seals such as an O-ring seal  32  and which is received in the cylinder  25 . A piston rod  33  attached the piston  31  extends through seals  35  into the pump chamber  24  and connects with a pumping piston  40  in the pump cylinder  25 . The piston rod  33  thus mechanically links the two pistons together. By use of a solid piston rod, one to one linear movement between pistons is achieved. It will be apparent that by substituting a lever linkage, that different relative movements could be obtained. 
     The pump cylinder  25  is provided with inlets  50  and  51  which may be equipped with ball-check valves  52 . It would be appreciated that normally the inlet  50  will extend to adjacent the bottom of the sump as will the inlet  52 . The openings from the inlet to the interior of the pump chamber  25  are positioned on either side of the piston to provide a double acting positive displacement pump where one of the areas above, or below, the piston will be drawing sump water in while the other is discharging previously drawn in sump water upon reciprocal movement of the piston  40 . 
     It will be appreciated that although I have shown a double acting piston/cylinder with two inlets, if desired, the pump could be constructed as a lift piston having a single inlet to the lower position of the chamber and a one-way valve opening through the piston to a single discharge from the upper portion of the pumping chamber or as a single stage, two cycle piston pump. 
     The pump chamber as provided in the illustrated preferred embodiment is equipped with two discharge lines  54  and  55  provided with check valves  56 . The two discharge lines can communicate to a common discharge pipe  57  which discharges to waste  16 . 
     The drive chamber  21  is similarly provided with two inlets  60  and  61  at positions on opposite sides of piston  31 . The inlets  60  and  61  are formed as a part of a reversing valve assembly  65  which will alternately supply pressurized fluid to either inlet  60  or  61 . Such self-reversing valves are well known and may, if desired include pilot valves controlling movement of a main spool valve which controls the flow of fluid to the inlets  60  and  61 . Such valves are common and are shown, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,931,395, the teachings of which are herein incorporated by reference. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, the reversing valve  65  utilizes inlets  60  and  61  as combination inlets/outlets so that as pressurized fluid is being provided to one side of the piston  31 , the other side of the piston is open through valve  65  to exhaust. Of course, separate inlets and outlets may be substituted. 
     The reversing valve  65  is provided with pressure water through a conduit  70  which in turn is connected to a source of pressure water such as the community potable water supply  71 . An outlet conduit  73  may be provided from the reversing valve  65  to waste  16 , in which case, in order to prevent contamination of the potable water supply, a back flow preventer  76  may be provided in conduit  70  or an air gap in conduit  77 . 
     However, as illustrated in FIG. 2, one advantage of separating the power cylinder  22  from the pumping cylinder or chamber  25  by a distance sufficient to raise the power cylinder above the maximum flood water level is that the discharge from the reversing valve  25  may be directly back into the sump. By providing an air gap between the reversing valve discharge and the maximum water level in the sump, back flow contamination is avoided. Thus, as illustrated in FIG. 2, the discharge  73  may extend back through cover  12  to the upper portion of the sump  10  where the sump top is above the maximum water level. Where the top of the sump is below the maximum water level the discharge may be provided with an air gap above the sump. 
     Activation of the system can be by any desired water level sensor. I have illustrated a standard float valve  80  incorporating float  81  linked to operate valve  82  in the pressure water line. Preferably float  81  will be positioned at a higher level in the sump than the level sensor for electric sump pump  14  whereby the water-powered sump pump system  20  will be activated only upon failure of the electric sump pump. 
     Alternatively, if desired, an electronically operated normally closed valve  83  may be provided connected to an electronic water level sensor. Since the power necessary to open and maintain open such a valve can be nominal, long lived batteries may be employed for such as system. It will, of course, be appreciated that other valving assemblies, level sensors and conduit arrangements may be utilized as desired. Further, where conditions may warrant, the driving housing  21  and pump housing  22  may be assembled together as a single unitary assembly to be positioned exterior of the sump with an intake conduit extending from the bottom of the pump to the inlets to the pumping chamber such that both the power chamber and the pumping chamber are positioned exterior of the sump. Conversely they could both be positioned within the sump with the reversing valve positioned exterior of the sump. Finally, it would be appreciated that the reversing valve similarly could be positioned interior of the sump and the outlet conduits for the reversing valve either ported direct to waste or open to the top of the sump above the maximum water level. 
     By providing a self-acting reversing valve, operated by the pressure of the inlet water, the systems acts totally based upon water pressure to maintain the sump pump. If desired the reversing valve could be operated by a physical connection to piston  31  or to piston rod  33 , such that movement to adjacent top dead center or bottom dead center activates a linkage to a vale shifter. 
     Moreover, although I have shown both the driving assembly and the pumping assembly as employing pistons, it will be appreciated other positive placement pumps may be utilized. For example, in FIG. 2, the pumping member is a diaphragm  85 . The power member in the power cylinder  22  could similarly be a diaphragm. 
     Importantly, as illustrated, the volume in the power cylinder  22  on each side of the piston or diaphragm is considerably less than the volume on either side of the piston or diaphragm in the pump cylinder  25 . This allows for conversion of the energy stored in the pressure water to a larger volume flow from the pump. For example, if the volumes in the power assembly are one-fourth the volume in the pumping assembly, approximately four times as much water can be pumped from the pumping assembly, at a correspondingly reduced pressure. This can provide for a relatively highly efficient pumping system while allowing the discharge from the power assembly to be ported directly to the sump to be pumped away as part of the gray water waste. It will be appreciated that, as used herein, the term volume is directed to the volume encompassed within the movement of the pistons. 
     Although I have shown my invention as embodied in a preferred embodiment shown in the drawings, it would be appreciated that others may wish to utilize my invention in different forms and use different component parts. Those skilled in the art will readily recognize that the embodiment described herein represents merely one possible use of my invention.

Technology Category: 2