mesolitica/MaLLaM-2.5-Small-Manglish-QA

MaLLaM 2.5 Synthetic Manglish QA

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Malaysia Politics

mallam-small-2.5-manglish-politics.jsonl, 66025 rows,

[{'role': 'user',
  'content': "Why did Malaysia's former anti-corruption agency, the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission (MACC), face allegations of bias and political interference during Najib Razak's tenure?",
  'content_ms': 'Mengapa bekas agensi antirasuah Malaysia, Suruhanjaya Pencegahan Rasuah Malaysia (SPRM), menghadapi dakwaan berat sebelah dan campur tangan politik semasa Najib Razak memegang jawatan?',
  'content_manglish': 'Wah, why ah? Dat old MACC kena complain left right center during Najib time. People say dem biased lah, kena political interference one. Sibeh jialat sia! MACC supposed to catch all the corrupt fellas, but during Najib time, everyone say dem cannot do proper job. Like dat how? MACC supposed to be big shot anti-corruption agency, but end up kena accuse of being political puppet. Alamak, so many problem one!'},
 {'role': 'assistant',
  'content': "During Najib Razak's tenure as Prime Minister of Malaysia (2009-2018), the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission (MACC) faced allegations of bias and political interference due to several high-profile cases and controversies. While I cannot access real-time data, I can provide information based on publicly available reports and records. Here are some reasons why MACC faced such allegations during that period:\n\n1. Delayed investigation into 1MDB scandal: The 1Malaysia Development Berhad (1MDB) scandal, which involved alleged money laundering and embezzlement of billions of dollars, became a focal point of the allegations against MACC. Critics argued that MACC had not taken decisive action against those implicated in the scandal, including Najib Razak himself, despite evidence presented by whistleblowers and international media.\n2. Sodomy II case: The MACC was accused of acting on behalf of the ruling government in the highly politicized Sodomy II case against opposition leader Anwar Ibrahim. Anwar was convicted in 2015 on charges of sodomizing a former aide, and critics claimed that the MACC had failed to conduct a thorough investigation into the allegations of political interference and witness tampering in the case.\n3. Appointment process: The appointment process of the MACC chief was criticized during Najib's tenure, with claims that the process was politically influenced. Critics argued that the government had handpicked MACC chiefs who were more likely to be loyal to the ruling party, rather than acting independently to uphold the law.\n4. Whistleblower protection: MACC was also accused of not doing enough to protect whistleblowers, including those who came forward with evidence related to the 1MDB scandal. Critics claimed that whistleblowers faced harassment, intimidation, and even physical threats as a result of their actions, and that MACC had not provided adequate support or protection for these individuals.\n5. Lack of transparency: The MACC's operations and decision-making processes were criticized for being opaque. Critics argued that this lack of transparency left the agency vulnerable to political interference and made it difficult for the public to trust its impartiality.\n\nThese allegations of bias and political interference undermined public confidence in MACC's ability to carry out its mandate to fight corruption effectively and independently. After the 2018 general election, which saw the ousting of Najib Razak's government, the new administration initiated a series of reforms to strengthen MACC's independence and enhance its investigative capabilities.",
  'content_ms': 'Semasa Najib Razak memegang jawatan Perdana Menteri Malaysia (2009-2018), Suruhanjaya Pencegahan Rasuah Malaysia (SPRM) menghadapi dakwaan berat sebelah dan campur tangan politik disebabkan beberapa kes berprofil tinggi dan kontroversi. Walaupun saya tidak dapat mengakses data masa nyata, saya boleh memberikan maklumat berdasarkan laporan dan rekod yang tersedia secara terbuka. Berikut adalah beberapa sebab mengapa SPRM menghadapi dakwaan sedemikian dalam tempoh itu:\n\n1. Siasatan tertunda terhadap skandal 1MDB: Skandal 1Malaysia Development Berhad (1MDB), yang melibatkan dakwaan pengubahan wang haram dan penyelewengan berbilion dolar, menjadi titik tumpuan dakwaan terhadap SPRM. Pengkritik berhujah bahawa SPRM tidak mengambil tindakan tegas terhadap mereka yang terlibat dalam skandal itu, termasuk Najib Razak sendiri, walaupun bukti dikemukakan oleh pemberi maklumat dan media antarabangsa.\n2. Kes Sodomy II: SPRM dituduh bertindak bagi pihak kerajaan yang memerintah dalam kes Sodomy II yang sangat dipolitikkan terhadap pemimpin pembangkang Anwar Ibrahim. Anwar disabitkan pada 2015 atas tuduhan meliwat bekas pembantu, dan pengkritik mendakwa bahawa SPRM telah gagal menjalankan siasatan menyeluruh terhadap dakwaan campur tangan politik dan gangguan saksi dalam kes itu.\n3. Proses pelantikan: Proses pelantikan ketua SPRM dikritik semasa tempoh Najib, dengan dakwaan bahawa proses itu dipengaruhi oleh politik. Pengkritik berhujah bahawa kerajaan telah memilih ketua SPRM yang lebih berkemungkinan setia kepada parti pemerintah, daripada bertindak secara bebas untuk menegakkan undang-undang.\n4. Perlindungan pemberi maklumat: SPRM juga dituduh tidak melakukan cukup untuk melindungi pemberi maklumat, termasuk mereka yang tampil dengan bukti berkaitan skandal 1MDB. Pengkritik mendakwa pemberi maklumat menghadapi gangguan, intimidasi, dan juga ancaman fizikal akibat tindakan mereka, dan SPRM tidak memberikan sokongan atau perlindungan yang mencukupi untuk individu ini.\n5. Kekurangan ketelusan: Operasi dan proses membuat keputusan SPRM dikritik kerana bersikap legap. Pengkritik berhujah bahawa kekurangan ketelusan ini menyebabkan agensi itu terdedah kepada campur tangan politik dan menyukarkan orang ramai untuk mempercayai ketidaksepihakannya.\n\nDakwaan berat sebelah dan campur tangan politik ini menjejaskan keyakinan orang ramai terhadap keupayaan SPRM untuk melaksanakan mandatnya untuk memerangi rasuah dengan berkesan dan bebas. Selepas pilihan raya umum 2018, yang menyaksikan penyingkiran kerajaan Najib Razak, pentadbiran baharu memulakan beberapa siri pembaharuan untuk mengukuhkan kemerdekaan SPRM dan meningkatkan keupayaan penyiasatannya.',
  'content_manglish': "Wah, during dat Najib Razak time as Malaysia PM (2009-2018), MACC kena big time lah. People say they biased and kena political interference, especially for big big cases. I cannot check real-time data, but I tell you what I know based on what people say. Here's why MACC kena so much problem during dat time:\n\n1. 1MDB scandal: Wah lau eh, dis one big scandal lah. Billions of dollars gone missing, people say money laundering and embezzlement. MACC supposed to investigate, but people say they slow slow only, especially when Najib kena involved. Whistleblowers and foreign media all say something, but MACC like blur like sotong.\n\n2. Sodomy II case: MACC kena accused of helping government in dis case against Anwar Ibrahim. Anwar kena convicted in 2015 for sodomy, but people say MACC not investigate properly. They say MACC kena pressure from government, so cannot do proper job.\n\n3. How they choose boss: People complain how MACC choose their big boss. Say government pick people who like them, not people who really want to fight corruption. Like dat how to be fair?\n\n4. No protect whistleblowers: MACC also kena say they don't protect people who tell them about corruption. People who give info about 1MDB scandal kena threatened and bullied. MACC supposed to help, but they like siao only.\n\n5. Everything so secretive: MACC very secretive one. People say they don't tell everything, so how to trust them? Like dat how to fight corruption properly?\n\nAll these things make people think MACC not fair and not independent. After 2018 election, new government try to make MACC better. They want MACC to be more strong and can fight corruption properly."}]

Science

mallam-small-2.5-manglish-science.jsonl, 59762 rows,

[{'content': 'What evidence supports the theory that dinosaurs were warm-blooded creatures, and how do we determine their social behavior based on the fossil record?',
  'content_ms': 'Apakah bukti yang menyokong teori bahawa dinosaur adalah makhluk berdarah panas, dan bagaimana kita menentukan tingkah laku sosial mereka berdasarkan rekod fosil?',
  'content_manglish': 'Wah, got what proof show dinosaur got warm blood one ah? How we know they social behavior like dat based on fossil record? Aiyoh, so chim question sia! But nevermind lah, we must find out lah. Maybe got some sibei old bones or something that can tell us how they live life before kena extinct. Steady lah if we can find out!'},
 {'content': 'There is a growing body of evidence that suggests that at least some dinosaurs were warm-blooded creatures, or endothermic. Here are some key pieces of evidence supporting this theory:\n\n1. Bone structure: The bone structure of some dinosaurs, particularly theropods and ornithischians, shows a pattern of rapid growth, similar to that of modern warm-blooded animals. This is indicated by the presence of fibrolamellar bone tissue, which is found in fast-growing animals.\n\n2. Predator-to-prey ratios: The ratios of predators to prey in dinosaur ecosystems are more similar to those found in modern warm-blooded animal ecosystems than in cold-blooded ones. This suggests that dinosaurs had higher metabolic rates, which is a characteristic of endothermic animals.\n\n3. Feathers and insulation: Some dinosaurs, such as the small theropod Velociraptor, had feathers, which could have provided insulation to help maintain a constant body temperature. This is a characteristic of warm-blooded animals.\n\n4. Heart structure: Some dinosaur fossils show evidence of a four-chambered heart, similar to that of modern birds and mammals. A four-chambered heart is more efficient at pumping oxygen-rich blood throughout the body, which is necessary for maintaining a high metabolic rate.\n\n5. Isotope analysis: Studies of oxygen isotopes in dinosaur teeth have shown that some dinosaurs maintained a constant body temperature, which is a characteristic of endothermic animals.\n\nAs for determining social behavior based on the fossil record, paleontologists look for clues such as:\n\n1. Fossil groupings: The discovery of multiple individuals of the same species in close proximity can suggest social behavior. For example, the discovery of numerous Maiasaura fossils, including adults and juveniles, in the same location suggests that these dinosaurs lived in groups and cared for their young.\n\n2. Nesting sites: The presence of nesting sites with multiple nests close together can indicate that dinosaurs exhibited communal nesting behavior, similar to some modern birds.\n\n3. Trackways: Fossilized footprints can provide evidence of social behavior if they show multiple individuals of the same species moving in the same direction, suggesting group travel or migration.\n\n4. Bonebeds: Large accumulations of dinosaur bones can indicate that these animals died together, possibly as a result of a natural disaster or while traveling in a group.\n\n5. Injuries and pathologies: Evidence of healed injuries on dinosaur fossils can suggest that these animals survived attacks or accidents, possibly due to the protection and care provided by living in a social group.\n\nIt is important to note that while these clues can provide evidence of social behavior, they are not definitive proof, and interpretations can vary among paleontologists.',
  'content_ms': 'Terdapat semakin banyak bukti yang menunjukkan bahawa sekurang-kurangnya beberapa dinosaur adalah makhluk berdarah panas, atau endotermik. Berikut adalah beberapa bukti penting yang menyokong teori ini:\n\n1. Struktur tulang: Struktur tulang beberapa dinosaur, terutamanya theropod dan ornithischians, menunjukkan corak pertumbuhan pesat, serupa dengan haiwan berdarah panas moden. Ini ditunjukkan oleh kehadiran tisu tulang fibrolamellar, yang terdapat pada haiwan yang berkembang pesat.\n\n2. Nisbah pemangsa kepada mangsa: Nisbah pemangsa kepada mangsa dalam ekosistem dinosaur adalah lebih serupa dengan yang terdapat dalam ekosistem haiwan berdarah panas moden berbanding haiwan berdarah sejuk. Ini menunjukkan bahawa dinosaur mempunyai kadar metabolisme yang lebih tinggi, yang merupakan ciri haiwan endotermik.\n\n3. Bulu dan penebat: Sesetengah dinosaur, seperti theropod kecil Velociraptor, mempunyai bulu, yang boleh memberikan penebat untuk membantu mengekalkan suhu badan yang malar. Ini adalah ciri haiwan berdarah panas.\n\n4. Struktur jantung: Beberapa fosil dinosaur menunjukkan bukti jantung empat bilik, serupa dengan burung dan mamalia moden. Jantung empat bilik lebih cekap mengepam darah kaya oksigen ke seluruh badan, yang diperlukan untuk mengekalkan kadar metabolisme yang tinggi.\n\n5. Analisis isotop: Kajian isotop oksigen dalam gigi dinosaur telah menunjukkan bahawa sesetengah dinosaur mengekalkan suhu badan yang tetap, yang merupakan ciri haiwan endotermik.\n\nBagi menentukan tingkah laku sosial berdasarkan rekod fosil, ahli paleontologi mencari petunjuk seperti:\n\n1. Pengelompokan fosil: Penemuan beberapa individu daripada spesies yang sama dalam jarak yang dekat boleh mencadangkan tingkah laku sosial. Sebagai contoh, penemuan banyak fosil Maiasaura, termasuk dewasa dan juvana, di lokasi yang sama menunjukkan bahawa dinosaur ini hidup dalam kumpulan dan menjaga anak mereka.\n\n2. Tapak bersarang: Kehadiran tapak bersarang dengan berbilang sarang berdekatan boleh menunjukkan bahawa dinosaur mempamerkan tingkah laku bersarang komunal, serupa dengan beberapa burung moden.\n\n3. Laluan: Jejak kaki yang berfosil boleh memberikan bukti tingkah laku sosial jika ia menunjukkan beberapa individu daripada spesies yang sama bergerak ke arah yang sama, mencadangkan perjalanan kumpulan atau penghijrahan.\n\n4. Bonebeds: Pengumpulan besar tulang dinosaur boleh menunjukkan bahawa haiwan ini mati bersama, mungkin akibat bencana alam atau semasa dalam perjalanan dalam kumpulan.\n\n5. Kecederaan dan patologi: Bukti kecederaan yang telah sembuh pada fosil dinosaur boleh mencadangkan bahawa haiwan ini terselamat daripada serangan atau kemalangan, mungkin disebabkan oleh perlindungan dan penjagaan yang diberikan oleh hidup dalam kumpulan sosial.\n\nAdalah penting untuk ambil perhatian bahawa walaupun petunjuk ini boleh memberikan bukti tingkah laku sosial, ia bukanlah bukti yang pasti, dan tafsiran boleh berbeza-beza di kalangan ahli paleontologi.',
  'content_manglish': 'Wah, got more and more evidence show dat some dinosaur damn hot blood one, like endothermic leh. Here got some key proof:\n\n1. Bone structure: Some dinosaur bone, especially those theropod and ornithischian, grow like siao, just like modern warm-blooded animal. Got fibrolamellar bone tissue, which only fast-growing animal got.\n\n2. Predator-to-prey ratio: Dinosaur ecosystem got more predator than prey, just like modern warm-blooded animal. Means they got high metabolic rate, very hot blood one.\n\n3. Feathers and insulation: Some dinosaur, like small theropod Velociraptor, got feathers. Can use to keep warm, just like modern bird and mammal.\n\n4. Heart structure: Some dinosaur fossil show got four-chambered heart, just like modern bird and mammal. This one very efficient, can pump oxygen-rich blood all over body, very hot blood one.\n\n5. Isotope analysis: Study oxygen isotope in dinosaur tooth show some dinosaur keep same body temperature, very hot blood one.\n\nFor find out dinosaur social behavior from fossil, paleontologist look for these things:\n\n1. Fossil grouping: If got many same species fossil together, maybe they social one. Like Maiasaura, got many adult and baby together, show they take care of young one.\n\n2. Nesting site: If got many nest together, maybe they communal nest, just like some modern bird.\n\n3. Trackway: If got many same species footprints together, maybe they travel together, or migrate together.\n\n4. Bonebed: If got many dinosaur bone together, maybe they die together, maybe because of natural disaster or traveling together.\n\n5. Injury and pathology: If got healed injury on dinosaur fossil, maybe they survive attack or accident because got social group protect them.\n\nBut eh, must remember, these clues not 100% proof. Different paleontologist got different idea, so cannot say for sure lah.'}]

Math

mallam-small-2.5-manglish-math.jsonl, 48468 rows,

[{'content': 'Find the vertex of the absolute value function f(x) = |2x - 5|.',
  'content_ms': 'Cari bucu bagi fungsi nilai mutlak f(x) = |2x - 5|.',
  'content_manglish': "Eh, you want find where the absolute value function f(x) = |2x - 5| got peak peak one ah? Wah lao, so chim! But don't worry lah, I tell you how to do. First thing first, you must find where the inside of the absolute value become zero. So you solve the equation 2x - 5 = 0 lor. After that, you get x = 5/2. Then you must check if this point is maximum or minimum. You can do this by looking at the graph or using some cheem math stuff. If the graph go up up up on both sides of the point, then this one is the vertex lah. If not, then you must find another point where the graph go down down down. But don't worry so much, just use your brain and you can solve this one. Can or not?"},
 {'content': 'To find the vertex of the absolute value function f(x) = |2x - 5|, we first need to find the x-coordinate of the vertex. The vertex occurs at the point where the expression inside the absolute value is equal to zero.\n\n2x - 5 = 0\n\nNow, solve for x:\n\n2x = 5\nx = 5/2\n\nThe x-coordinate of the vertex is 5/2. Now, we need to find the corresponding y-coordinate by plugging the x-coordinate back into the function:\n\nf(5/2) = |2(5/2) - 5|\n\nf(5/2) = |5 - 5|\n\nf(5/2) = 0\n\nSo, the y-coordinate of the vertex is 0. Therefore, the vertex of the absolute value function f(x) = |2x - 5| is (5/2, 0).',
  'content_ms': 'Untuk mencari bucu bagi fungsi nilai mutlak f(x) = |2x - 5|, kita perlu mencari koordinat-x bagi puncak tersebut. Puncak berlaku pada titik di mana ungkapan di dalam nilai mutlak adalah sama dengan sifar.\n\n2x - 5 = 0\n\nSekarang, selesaikan untuk x:\n\n2x = 5\nx = 5/2\n\nKoordinat-x bagi bucu ialah 5/2. Sekarang, kita perlu mencari koordinat-y yang sepadan dengan memasukkan semula koordinat-x ke dalam fungsi:\n\nf(5/2) = |2(5/2) - 5|\n\nf(5/2) = |5 - 5|\n\nf(5/2) = 0\n\nJadi, koordinat y bagi bucu ialah 0. Oleh itu, bucu bagi fungsi nilai mutlak f(x) = |2x - 5| ialah (5/2, 0).',
  'content_manglish': 'Wah, to find the vertex of dat absolute value function f(x) = |2x - 5|, we must first find the x-coordinate lah. The vertex happen when the thing inside the absolute value become zero lor.\n\n2x - 5 = 0\n\nNow, solve for x, can?\n\n2x = 5\nx = 5/2\n\nThe x-coordinate of the vertex is 5/2 lah. Now, we need to find the y-coordinate by putting the x-coordinate back into the function, ok?\n\nf(5/2) = |2(5/2) - 5|\n\nf(5/2) = |5 - 5|\n\nf(5/2) = 0\n\nSo, the y-coordinate of the vertex is 0 lor. Therefore, the vertex of the absolute value function f(x) = |2x - 5| is (5/2, 0) lah. Steady bo?'}]