token
sequence
label
sequence
[ "'''anarchism'''", "political", "philosophy", "movement", "sceptical", "authority", "rejects", "involuntary", "coercive", "forms", "hierarchy", "anarchism", "calls", "abolition", "state", "holds", "unnecessary", "undesirable", "harmful", "historically", "left", "wing", "movement", "placed", "farthest", "left", "political", "spectrum", "usually", "described", "alongside", "libertarian", "marxism", "libertarian", "wing", "libertarian", "socialism", "socialist", "movement", "strong", "historical", "association", "anti", "capitalism", "socialism", "humans", "lived", "societies", "without", "formal", "hierarchies", "long", "establishment", "formal", "states", "realms", "empires", "rise" ]
[ "Humanities", "Philosophy", "Social philosophy", "Anarchism" ]
[ "anarchism", "last", "decades", "th", "st", "century", "anarchist", "movement", "resurgent", "anarchism", "employs", "diversity", "tactics", "order", "meet", "ideal", "ends", "broadly", "separated", "revolutionary", "evolutionary", "tactics", "significant", "overlap", "two", "merely", "descriptive", "revolutionary", "tactics", "aim", "bring", "authority", "state", "taken", "violent", "turn", "past", "evolutionary", "tactics", "aim", "prefigure", "anarchist", "society", "would", "like", "anarchist", "thought", "criticism", "praxis", "played", "part", "diverse", "areas", "human", "society" ]
[ "Humanities", "Philosophy", "Social philosophy", "Anarchism" ]
[ "criticism", "anarchism", "include", "claims", "internally", "inconsistent", "violent", "utopian", "etymology", "terminology", "definition", "wilhelm", "weitling", "example", "writer", "added", "anarchist", "theory", "without", "using", "exact", "term", "etymological", "origin", "''anarchism''", "ancient", "greek", "''anarkhia''", "meaning", "without", "ruler", "composed", "prefix", "''an", "''", "without", "word", "''arkhos''", "leader", "ruler", "suffix", "''", "ism''", "denotes", "ideological", "current", "favours", "anarchy", "''anarchism''", "appears", "english", "''anarchisme''", "''anarchy''", "early", "english", "usages", "emphasised", "sense", "disorder", "various", "factions", "within", "french" ]
[ "Humanities", "Philosophy", "Social philosophy", "Anarchism" ]
[ "synonym", "still", "common", "outside", "united", "states", "usages", "''libertarianism''", "refers", "individualistic", "free", "market", "philosophy", "free", "market", "anarchism", "particular", "termed", "''libertarian", "anarchism''", "term", "''libertarian''", "largely", "synonymous", "anarchism", "meaning", "recently", "diluted", "wider", "adoption", "ideologically", "disparate", "groups", "including", "new", "left", "libertarian", "marxists", "associate", "authoritarian", "socialists", "vanguard", "party", "extreme", "cultural", "liberals", "primarily", "concerned", "civil", "liberties", "additionally", "anarchists", "use", "''libertarian", "socialist''", "avoid", "anarchism", "'s", "negative", "connotations", "emphasise", "connections", "socialism", "''anarchism''" ]
[ "Humanities", "Philosophy", "Social philosophy", "Anarchism" ]
[ "broadly", "used", "describe", "anti", "authoritarian", "wing", "socialist", "movement", "anarchist", "historian", "daniel", "gu", "rin", "described", "synonym", "libertarian", "socialism", "wrote", "anarchism", "really", "synonym", "socialism", "anarchist", "primarily", "socialist", "whose", "aim", "abolish", "exploitation", "man", "man", "anarchism", "one", "streams", "socialist", "thought", "stream", "whose", "main", "components", "concern", "liberty", "haste", "abolish", "state", "many", "works", "anarchism", "''chomsky", "anarchism''", "historian", "noam", "chomsky", "describes", "anarchism", "alongside", "libertarian", "marxism", "libertarian", "wing" ]
[ "Humanities", "Philosophy", "Social philosophy", "Anarchism" ]
[ "socialism", "group", "nb", "anarchism", "contrasted", "socialist", "forms", "state", "oriented", "scholars", "anarchism", "generally", "highlight", "anarchism", "'s", "socialist", "credentials", "criticise", "attempts", "creating", "dichotomies", "two", "scholars", "describe", "anarchism", "many", "influences", "liberalism", "liberals", "socialists", "scholars", "reject", "anarcho", "capitalism", "misunderstanding", "anarchist", "principles", "peter", "marshall", "states", "n", "general", "anarchism", "closer", "socialism", "liberalism", "anarchism", "finds", "largely", "socialist", "camp", "also", "outriders", "liberalism", "cannot", "reduced", "socialism", "best", "seen" ]
[ "Humanities", "Philosophy", "Social philosophy", "Anarchism" ]
[ "good", "either", "betray", "anarchism", "liberals", "socialists", "michael", "newman", "includes", "anarchism", "one", "many", "socialist", "traditions", "especially", "socialist", "aligned", "tradition", "following", "proudhon", "mikhail", "bakunin", "brian", "morriss", "argues", "conceptually", "historically", "misleading", "create", "dichotomy", "socialism", "anarchism", "group", "nb", "opposition", "state", "central", "anarchist", "thought", "defining", "''anarchism''", "easy", "task", "scholars", "lot", "discussion", "among", "scholars", "anarchists", "matter", "various", "currents", "perceive", "anarchism", "slightly", "differently", "etymology", "negation" ]
[ "Humanities", "Philosophy", "Social philosophy", "Anarchism" ]
[ "rulers", "group", "nb", "major", "definitional", "elements", "include", "non", "coercive", "society", "rejection", "state", "apparatus", "belief", "human", "nature", "allows", "humans", "exist", "progress", "toward", "non", "coercive", "society", "suggestion", "act", "pursue", "ideal", "anarchy", "history", "pre", "modern", "era", "zeno", "citium", "c", "c", "bc", "whose", "''republic''", "inspired", "peter", "kropotkin", "establishment", "towns", "cities", "established", "authority", "exist", "creation", "institutions", "authority", "anarchistic", "ideas", "espoused", "reaction" ]
[ "Humanities", "Philosophy", "Social philosophy", "Anarchism" ]
[ "notable", "precursors", "anarchism", "ancient", "world", "china", "greece", "china", "philosophical", "anarchism", "discussion", "legitimacy", "state", "delineated", "taoist", "philosophers", "zhuang", "zhou", "laozi", "alongside", "stoicism", "taoism", "said", "significant", "anticipations", "anarchism", "anarchic", "attitudes", "also", "articulated", "tragedians", "philosophers", "greece", "aeschylus", "sophocles", "used", "myth", "antigone", "illustrate", "conflict", "rules", "set", "state", "personal", "autonomy", "socrates", "questioned", "athenian", "authorities", "constantly", "insisted", "right", "individual", "freedom", "conscience", "cynics", "dismissed", "human", "law", "''nomos''" ]
[ "Humanities", "Philosophy", "Social philosophy", "Anarchism" ]
[ "associated", "authorities", "trying", "live", "according", "nature", "''physis''", "stoics", "supportive", "society", "based", "unofficial", "friendly", "relations", "among", "citizens", "without", "presence", "state", "medieval", "europe", "anarchistic", "activity", "except", "ascetic", "religious", "movements", "muslim", "movements", "later", "gave", "birth", "religious", "anarchism", "sasanian", "empire", "mazdak", "called", "egalitarian", "society", "abolition", "monarchy", "soon", "executed", "emperor", "kavad", "basra", "religious", "sects", "preached", "state", "europe", "various", "sects", "developed", "anti", "state", "libertarian", "tendencies", "libertarian", "ideas", "emerged" ]
[ "Humanities", "Philosophy", "Social philosophy", "Anarchism" ]
[ "renaissance", "spread", "humanism", "rationalism", "reasoning", "europe", "novelists", "fictionalised", "ideal", "societies", "based", "voluntarism", "rather", "coercion", "age", "enlightenment", "pushed", "towards", "anarchism", "optimism", "social", "progress", "modern", "era", "french", "revolution", "partisan", "groups", "enrag", "saw", "turning", "point", "fermentation", "anti", "state", "federalist", "sentiments", "first", "anarchist", "currents", "developed", "throughout", "th", "century", "william", "godwin", "espoused", "philosophical", "anarchism", "england", "morally", "delegitimising", "state", "max", "stirner", "'s", "thinking", "paved", "way", "individualism", "pierre", "joseph", "proudhon", "'s" ]
[ "Humanities", "Philosophy", "Social philosophy", "Anarchism" ]
[ "known", "first", "international", "formed", "unite", "diverse", "revolutionary", "currents", "international", "became", "significant", "political", "force", "karl", "marx", "leading", "figure", "member", "general", "council", "bakunin", "'s", "faction", "jura", "federation", "proudhon", "'s", "followers", "mutualists", "opposed", "state", "socialism", "advocating", "political", "abstentionism", "small", "property", "holdings", "bitter", "disputes", "bakuninists", "expelled", "international", "marxists", "hague", "congress", "anarchists", "treated", "similarly", "second", "international", "ultimately", "expelled", "bakunin", "famously", "predicted", "revolutionaries", "gained", "power", "marx", "'s", "terms", "would", "end" ]
[ "Humanities", "Philosophy", "Social philosophy", "Anarchism" ]
[ "new", "tyrants", "workers", "response", "expulsion", "first", "international", "anarchists", "formed", "st", "imier", "international", "influence", "peter", "kropotkin", "russian", "philosopher", "scientist", "anarcho", "communism", "overlapped", "collectivism", "anarcho", "communists", "drew", "inspiration", "paris", "commune", "advocated", "free", "federation", "distribution", "goods", "according", "one", "'s", "needs", "turn", "century", "anarchism", "spread", "world", "notable", "feature", "international", "syndicalism", "movement", "china", "small", "groups", "students", "imported", "humanistic", "pro", "science", "version", "anarcho", "communism", "tokyo", "hotspot" ]
[ "Humanities", "Philosophy", "Social philosophy", "Anarchism" ]
[ "rebellious", "youth", "countries", "far", "east", "travelling", "japanese", "capital", "study", "latin", "america", "argentina", "stronghold", "anarcho", "syndicalism", "became", "prominent", "left", "wing", "ideology", "time", "minority", "anarchists", "adopted", "tactics", "revolutionary", "political", "violence", "strategy", "became", "known", "propaganda", "deed", "dismemberment", "french", "socialist", "movement", "many", "groups", "execution", "exile", "many", "communards", "penal", "colonies", "following", "suppression", "paris", "commune", "favoured", "individualist", "political", "expression", "acts", "even", "though", "many", "anarchists", "distanced", "terrorist", "acts", "infamy", "came" ]
[ "Humanities", "Philosophy", "Social philosophy", "Anarchism" ]
[ "upon", "movement", "attempts", "made", "exclude", "american", "immigration", "including", "immigration", "act", "also", "called", "anarchist", "exclusion", "act", "illegalism", "another", "strategy", "anarchists", "adopted", "period", "nestor", "makhno", "seen", "members", "anarchist", "revolutionary", "insurrectionary", "army", "ukraine", "despite", "concerns", "anarchists", "enthusiastically", "participated", "russian", "revolution", "opposition", "white", "movement", "however", "met", "harsh", "suppression", "bolshevik", "government", "stabilised", "several", "anarchists", "petrograd", "moscow", "fled", "ukraine", "notably", "leading", "kronstadt", "rebellion", "nestor", "makhno", "'s", "struggle", "free", "territory" ]
[ "Humanities", "Philosophy", "Social philosophy", "Anarchism" ]
[ "anarchists", "crushed", "russia", "two", "new", "antithetical", "currents", "emerged", "namely", "platformism", "synthesis", "anarchism", "former", "sought", "create", "coherent", "group", "would", "push", "revolution", "latter", "anything", "would", "resemble", "political", "party", "seeing", "victories", "bolsheviks", "october", "revolution", "resulting", "russian", "civil", "war", "many", "workers", "activists", "turned", "communist", "parties", "grew", "expense", "anarchism", "socialist", "movements", "france", "united", "states", "members", "major", "syndicalist", "movements", "general", "confederation", "labour", "industrial", "workers", "world" ]
[ "Humanities", "Philosophy", "Social philosophy", "Anarchism" ]
[ "left", "organisations", "joined", "communist", "international", "spanish", "civil", "war", "anarchists", "syndicalists", "cnt", "fai", "allied", "various", "currents", "leftists", "long", "tradition", "spanish", "anarchism", "led", "anarchists", "playing", "pivotal", "role", "war", "response", "army", "rebellion", "anarchist", "inspired", "movement", "peasants", "workers", "supported", "armed", "militias", "took", "control", "barcelona", "large", "areas", "rural", "spain", "collectivised", "land", "soviet", "union", "provided", "limited", "assistance", "beginning", "war", "result", "bitter", "fight", "among" ]
[ "Humanities", "Philosophy", "Social philosophy", "Anarchism" ]
[ "communists", "anarchists", "series", "events", "named", "may", "days", "joseph", "stalin", "tried", "seize", "control", "republicans", "post", "war", "era", "rojava", "'s", "support", "efforts", "workers", "form", "cooperatives", "exemplified", "sewing", "cooperative", "end", "world", "war", "ii", "anarchist", "movement", "severely", "weakened", "witnessed", "revival", "anarchism", "likely", "caused", "perceived", "failure", "marxism", "leninism", "tensions", "built", "cold", "war", "time", "anarchism", "found", "presence", "movements", "critical", "towards", "capitalism", "state", "anti", "nuclear", "environmental", "peace", "movements" ]
[ "Humanities", "Philosophy", "Social philosophy", "Anarchism" ]
[ "counterculture", "new", "left", "also", "saw", "transition", "previous", "revolutionary", "nature", "provocative", "anti", "capitalist", "reformism", "anarchism", "became", "associated", "punk", "subculture", "exemplified", "bands", "crass", "sex", "pistols", "established", "feminist", "tendencies", "anarcha", "feminism", "returned", "vigour", "second", "wave", "feminism", "black", "anarchism", "began", "take", "form", "time", "influenced", "anarchism", "'s", "move", "eurocentric", "demographic", "coincided", "failure", "gain", "traction", "northern", "europe", "unprecedented", "height", "latin", "america", "around", "turn", "st", "century", "anarchism", "grew", "popularity" ]
[ "Humanities", "Philosophy", "Social philosophy", "Anarchism" ]
[ "influence", "within", "anti", "capitalist", "anti", "war", "anti", "globalisation", "movements", "anarchists", "became", "known", "involvement", "protests", "world", "trade", "organization", "wto", "group", "eight", "world", "economic", "forum", "protests", "''ad", "hoc''", "leaderless", "anonymous", "cadres", "known", "black", "blocs", "engaged", "rioting", "property", "destruction", "violent", "confrontations", "police", "organisational", "tactics", "pioneered", "time", "include", "affinity", "groups", "security", "culture", "use", "decentralised", "technologies", "internet", "significant", "event", "period", "confrontations", "seattle", "wto", "conference", "anarchist", "ideas", "influential", "development" ]
[ "Humanities", "Philosophy", "Social philosophy", "Anarchism" ]
[ "zapatistas", "mexico", "democratic", "federation", "northern", "syria", "commonly", "known", "rojava", "'", "'de", "facto''", "autonomous", "region", "northern", "syria", "thought", "anarchist", "schools", "thought", "generally", "grouped", "two", "main", "historical", "traditions", "social", "anarchism", "individualist", "anarchism", "owing", "different", "origins", "values", "evolution", "individualist", "current", "emphasises", "negative", "liberty", "opposing", "restraints", "upon", "free", "individual", "social", "current", "emphasises", "positive", "liberty", "aiming", "achieve", "free", "potential", "society", "equality", "social", "ownership", "chronological", "sense", "anarchism", "segmented", "classical", "currents" ]
[ "Humanities", "Philosophy", "Social philosophy", "Anarchism" ]
[ "late", "th", "century", "post", "classical", "currents", "anarcha", "feminism", "green", "anarchism", "post", "anarchism", "developed", "thereafter", "beyond", "specific", "factions", "anarchist", "movements", "constitute", "political", "anarchism", "lies", "philosophical", "anarchism", "holds", "state", "lacks", "moral", "legitimacy", "without", "necessarily", "accepting", "imperative", "revolution", "eliminate", "component", "especially", "individualist", "anarchism", "philosophical", "anarchism", "may", "tolerate", "existence", "minimal", "state", "claims", "citizens", "moral", "obligation", "obey", "government", "conflicts", "individual", "autonomy", "anarchism", "pays", "significant", "attention", "moral", "arguments", "since", "ethics", "central", "role", "anarchist", "philosophy", "anarchism", "'s", "emphasis", "anti", "capitalism" ]
[ "Humanities", "Philosophy", "Social philosophy", "Anarchism" ]
[ "egalitarianism", "extension", "community", "individuality", "sets", "apart", "anarcho", "capitalism", "types", "economic", "libertarianism", "anarchism", "usually", "placed", "far", "left", "political", "spectrum", "much", "economics", "legal", "philosophy", "reflect", "anti", "authoritarian", "anti", "statist", "libertarian", "radical", "interpretations", "left", "wing", "socialist", "politics", "collectivism", "communism", "individualism", "mutualism", "syndicalism", "among", "libertarian", "socialist", "economic", "theories", "anarchism", "offer", "fixed", "body", "doctrine", "single", "particular", "worldview", "many", "anarchist", "types", "traditions", "exist", "varieties", "anarchy", "diverge", "widely", "one", "reaction", "sectarianism", "within", "anarchist", "milieu" ]
[ "Humanities", "Philosophy", "Social philosophy", "Anarchism" ]
[ "communism", "property", "collectivist", "anarchism", "revolutionary", "socialist", "form", "anarchism", "commonly", "associated", "mikhail", "bakunin", "collectivist", "anarchists", "advocate", "collective", "ownership", "means", "production", "theorised", "achieved", "violent", "revolution", "workers", "paid", "according", "time", "worked", "rather", "goods", "distributed", "according", "need", "communism", "collectivist", "anarchism", "arose", "alongside", "marxism", "rejected", "dictatorship", "proletariat", "despite", "stated", "marxist", "goal", "collectivist", "stateless", "society", "anarcho", "communism", "theory", "anarchism", "advocates", "communist", "society", "common", "ownership", "means", "production", "direct", "democracy" ]
[ "Humanities", "Philosophy", "Social philosophy", "Anarchism" ]
[ "horizontal", "network", "voluntary", "associations", "workers'", "councils", "worker", "cooperatives", "production", "consumption", "based", "guiding", "principle", "according", "ability", "according", "need", "anarcho", "communism", "developed", "radical", "socialist", "currents", "french", "revolution", "first", "formulated", "italian", "section", "first", "international", "later", "expanded", "upon", "theoretical", "work", "peter", "kropotkin", "whose", "specific", "style", "would", "go", "onto", "become", "dominating", "view", "anarchists", "late", "th", "century", "anarcho", "syndicalism", "branch", "anarchism", "views", "labour", "syndicates", "potential", "force" ]
[ "Humanities", "Philosophy", "Social philosophy", "Anarchism" ]
[ "revolutionary", "social", "change", "replacing", "capitalism", "state", "new", "society", "democratically", "self", "managed", "workers", "basic", "principles", "anarcho", "syndicalism", "direct", "action", "workers'", "solidarity", "workers'", "self", "management", "individualist", "anarchism", "set", "several", "traditions", "thought", "within", "anarchist", "movement", "emphasise", "individual", "kinds", "external", "determinants", "early", "influences", "individualist", "forms", "anarchism", "include", "william", "godwin", "max", "stirner", "henry", "david", "thoreau", "many", "countries", "individualist", "anarchism", "attracted", "small", "yet", "diverse", "following", "bohemian", "artists", "intellectuals", "well", "young", "anarchist", "outlaws", "became", "known" ]
[ "Humanities", "Philosophy", "Social philosophy", "Anarchism" ]
[ "illegalism", "individual", "reclamation", "post", "classical", "contemporary", "lawrence", "jarach", "left", "john", "zerzan", "right", "two", "prominent", "contemporary", "anarchist", "authors", "zerzan", "prominent", "voice", "within", "anarcho", "primitivism", "jarach", "notable", "advocate", "post", "left", "anarchy", "anarchist", "principles", "undergird", "contemporary", "radical", "social", "movements", "left", "interest", "anarchist", "movement", "developed", "alongside", "momentum", "anti", "globalisation", "movement", "whose", "leading", "activist", "networks", "anarchist", "orientation", "movement", "shaped", "st", "century", "radicalism", "wider", "embrace", "anarchist", "principles", "signaled", "revival", "interest", "anarchism", "continued", "generate", "many", "philosophies", "movements", "times", "eclectic", "drawing", "upon", "various" ]
[ "Humanities", "Philosophy", "Social philosophy", "Anarchism" ]
[ "consensus", "principles", "core", "commentators", "describe", "multiple", "''anarchisms''", "rather", "singular", "''anarchism''", "common", "principles", "shared", "schools", "anarchism", "group", "prioritizes", "principles", "differently", "gender", "equality", "common", "principle", "although", "ranks", "higher", "priority", "anarcha", "feminists", "anarcho", "communists", "anarchists", "generally", "committed", "coercive", "authority", "forms", "namely", "centralized", "hierarchical", "forms", "government", "eg", "monarchy", "representative", "democracy", "state", "socialism", "etc", "economic", "class", "systems", "eg", "capitalism", "bolshevism", "feudalism", "slavery", "etc", "autocratic", "religions", "eg", "fundamentalist", "islam", "roman", "catholicism", "etc", "patriarchy", "heterosexism", "white", "supremacy", "imperialism" ]
[ "Humanities", "Philosophy", "Social philosophy", "Anarchism" ]
[ "anarchist", "schools", "disagree", "methods", "forms", "opposed", "principle", "equal", "liberty", "closer", "anarchist", "political", "ethics", "transcends", "liberal", "socialist", "traditions", "entails", "liberty", "equality", "cannot", "implemented", "within", "state", "resulting", "questioning", "forms", "domination", "hierarchy", "tactics", "anarchists'", "tactics", "take", "various", "forms", "general", "serve", "two", "major", "goals", "namely", "first", "oppose", "establishment", "secondly", "promote", "anarchist", "ethics", "reflect", "anarchist", "vision", "society", "illustrating", "unity", "means", "ends", "broad" ]
[ "Humanities", "Philosophy", "Social philosophy", "Anarchism" ]
[ "categorisation", "made", "aims", "destroy", "oppressive", "states", "institutions", "revolutionary", "means", "one", "hand", "aims", "change", "society", "evolutionary", "means", "evolutionary", "tactics", "embrace", "nonviolence", "reject", "violence", "take", "gradual", "approach", "anarchist", "aims", "although", "significant", "overlap", "two", "anarchist", "tactics", "shifted", "course", "last", "century", "anarchists", "early", "th", "century", "focused", "strikes", "militancy", "contemporary", "anarchists", "use", "broader", "array", "approaches", "classical", "era", "tactics", "relationship", "anarchism", "violence", "controversial", "subject", "among", "anarchists" ]
[ "Humanities", "Philosophy", "Social philosophy", "Anarchism" ]
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[ "Humanities", "Philosophy", "Social philosophy", "Anarchism" ]
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[ "Humanities", "Philosophy", "Social philosophy", "Anarchism" ]
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[ "Humanities", "Philosophy", "Social philosophy", "Anarchism" ]
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[ "Humanities", "Philosophy", "Social philosophy", "Anarchism" ]
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[ "Humanities", "Philosophy", "Social philosophy", "Anarchism" ]
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[ "Humanities", "Philosophy", "Social philosophy", "Anarchism" ]
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[ "Humanities", "Philosophy", "Social philosophy", "Anarchism" ]
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[ "Humanities", "Philosophy", "Social philosophy", "Anarchism" ]
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[ "Humanities", "Philosophy", "Social philosophy", "Anarchism" ]
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[ "Humanities", "Philosophy", "Social philosophy", "Anarchism" ]
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[ "Humanities", "Philosophy", "Social philosophy", "Anarchism" ]
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[ "Humanities", "Philosophy", "Social philosophy", "Anarchism" ]
[ "cause", "social", "liberation", "anarchism", "education", "class", "wikitable", "style", "border", "none", "background", "none", "float", "right", "anarchist", "vs", "statist", "perspectives", "education", "br", "small", "ruth", "kinna", "small", "scope", "col", "scope", "col", "anarchist", "education", "scope", "col", "state", "education", "concept", "education", "self", "mastery", "education", "service", "management", "community", "based", "state", "run", "methods", "practice", "based", "learning", "vocational", "training", "aims", "critical", "member", "society", "productive", "member", "society", "interest", "anarchists", "education", "stretches", "back", "first", "emergence", "classical", "anarchism", "anarchists", "consider", "proper", "education", "one", "sets", "foundations" ]
[ "Humanities", "Philosophy", "Social philosophy", "Anarchism" ]
[ "future", "autonomy", "individual", "society", "act", "mutual", "aid", "anarchist", "writers", "william", "godwin", "''political", "justice''", "max", "stirner", "false", "principle", "education", "attacked", "state", "education", "private", "education", "another", "means", "ruling", "class", "replicate", "privileges", "catalan", "anarchist", "free", "thinker", "francisco", "ferrer", "established", "escuela", "moderna", "barcelona", "opposition", "established", "education", "system", "dictated", "largely", "catholic", "church", "ferrer", "'s", "approach", "secular", "rejecting", "state", "church", "involvement", "educational", "process", "whilst", "giving", "pupils", "large", "amounts" ]
[ "Humanities", "Philosophy", "Social philosophy", "Anarchism" ]
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[ "Humanities", "Philosophy", "Social philosophy", "Anarchism" ]
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[ "Humanities", "Philosophy", "Social philosophy", "Anarchism" ]
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[ "Humanities", "Philosophy", "Social philosophy", "Anarchism" ]
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[ "Humanities", "Philosophy", "Social philosophy", "Anarchism" ]
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[ "Humanities", "Philosophy", "Social philosophy", "Anarchism" ]
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[ "Humanities", "Philosophy", "Social philosophy", "Anarchism" ]
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[ "Humanities", "Philosophy", "Social philosophy", "Anarchism" ]
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[ "Humanities", "Philosophy", "Social philosophy", "Anarchism" ]
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[ "Humanities", "Philosophy", "Social philosophy", "Anarchism" ]
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[ "Humanities", "Philosophy", "Social philosophy", "Anarchism" ]
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[ "Humanities", "Philosophy", "Social philosophy", "Anarchism" ]
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[ "Humanities", "Philosophy", "Social philosophy", "Anarchism" ]
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[ "Humanities", "Philosophy", "Social philosophy", "Anarchism" ]
[ "politics", "libertarian", "socialism", "libertarianism", "political", "culture", "political", "movements", "political", "ideologies", "social", "theories", "socialism" ]
[ "Humanities", "Philosophy", "Social philosophy", "Anarchism" ]
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[ "Social science", "Anthropology" ]
[ "ethnography", "french", "national", "museum", "natural", "history", "jean", "louis", "armand", "de", "quatrefages", "de", "br", "au", "various", "short", "lived", "organizations", "anthropologists", "already", "formed", "soci", "ethnologique", "de", "paris", "first", "use", "term", "''ethnology''", "formed", "members", "primarily", "anti", "slavery", "activists", "slavery", "abolished", "france", "''soci", "''", "abandoned", "meanwhile", "ethnological", "society", "new", "york", "currently", "american", "ethnological", "society", "founded", "model", "well", "ethnological", "society", "london", "break", "away", "group", "aborigines'", "protection", "society", "ref", "name", "schiller", "ref" ]
[ "Social science", "Anthropology" ]
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[ "Social science", "Anthropology" ]
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[ "Social science", "Anthropology" ]
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[ "looking", "beyond", "industrial", "society", "understanding", "opposition", "industrial", "non", "industrial", "relationships", "knowing", "ecosystem", "people", "biosphere", "people", "affected", "dependent", "independent", "variables", "primitive", "ecological", "wisdom", "diverse", "environments", "resource", "management", "diverse", "cultural", "traditions", "knowing", "environmentalism", "part", "culture", "historical", "ethnohistory", "study", "ethnographic", "cultures", "indigenous", "customs", "examining", "historical", "records", "also", "study", "history", "various", "ethnic", "groups", "may", "may", "exist", "today", "ethnohistory", "uses", "historical", "ethnographic", "data", "foundation", "historical", "methods", "materials", "go", "beyond" ]
[ "Social science", "Anthropology" ]
[ "standard", "use", "documents", "manuscripts", "practitioners", "recognize", "utility", "source", "material", "maps", "music", "paintings", "photography", "folklore", "oral", "tradition", "site", "exploration", "archaeological", "materials", "museum", "collections", "enduring", "customs", "language", "place", "names", "ref", "name", "axtell", "ref", "religion", "anthropology", "religion", "involves", "study", "religious", "institutions", "relation", "social", "institutions", "comparison", "religious", "beliefs", "practices", "across", "cultures", "modern", "anthropology", "assumes", "complete", "continuity", "magical", "thinking", "religion", "ref", "name", "cassirer", "cassirer", "ernst", "https", "booksgooglecom", "booksid", "pe", "fwsv", "ilsc", "pg", "pa", "''an", "essay", "man''", "ptii", "ch", "''myth", "religion''", "pp", "nbsp", "ref", "every", "religion", "cultural", "product" ]
[ "Social science", "Anthropology" ]
[ "created", "human", "community", "worships", "ref", "name", "guthrie", "p", "guthrie", "''guide", "study", "religion''", "bloomsbury", "academic", "https", "booksgooglecom", "booksid", "wlnjqozlgc", "c", "pg", "pa", "pp", "nbsp", "ref", "urban", "urban", "anthropology", "concerned", "issues", "urbanization", "poverty", "neoliberalism", "ulf", "hannerz", "quotes", "remark", "traditional", "anthropologists", "notoriously", "agoraphobic", "lot", "anti", "urban", "definition", "various", "social", "processes", "western", "world", "well", "third", "world", "latter", "habitual", "focus", "attention", "anthropologists", "brought", "attention", "specialists", "'other", "cultures'", "closer", "homes", "ref", "name", "hannerz", "two", "main", "approaches", "urban", "anthropology", "examining" ]
[ "Social science", "Anthropology" ]
[ "types", "cities", "examining", "social", "issues", "within", "cities", "two", "methods", "overlapping", "dependent", "defining", "different", "types", "cities", "one", "would", "use", "social", "factors", "well", "economic", "political", "factors", "categorize", "cities", "directly", "looking", "different", "social", "issues", "one", "would", "also", "studying", "affect", "dynamic", "city", "key", "topics", "field", "archaeological", "biological", "anthrozoology", "anthrozoology", "also", "known", "human", "animal", "studies", "study", "interaction", "living", "things", "interdisciplinary", "field", "overlaps", "number" ]
[ "Social science", "Anthropology" ]
[ "disciplines", "including", "anthropology", "ethology", "medicine", "psychology", "veterinary", "medicine", "zoology", "major", "focus", "anthrozoologic", "research", "quantifying", "positive", "effects", "human", "animal", "relationships", "either", "party", "study", "interactions", "includes", "scholars", "diverse", "range", "fields", "including", "anthropology", "sociology", "biology", "philosophy", "biocultural", "biocultural", "anthropology", "scientific", "exploration", "relationships", "human", "biology", "culture", "physical", "anthropologists", "throughout", "first", "half", "th", "century", "viewed", "relationship", "racial", "perspective", "assumption", "typological", "human", "biological", "differences", "lead", "cultural", "differences", "ref" ]
[ "Social science", "Anthropology" ]
[ "name", "biocult", "syn", "ref", "world", "war", "ii", "emphasis", "began", "shift", "toward", "effort", "explore", "role", "culture", "plays", "shaping", "human", "biology", "evolutionary", "evolutionary", "anthropology", "interdisciplinary", "study", "evolution", "human", "physiology", "human", "behaviour", "relation", "hominins", "non", "hominin", "primates", "evolutionary", "anthropology", "based", "natural", "science", "social", "science", "combining", "human", "development", "socioeconomic", "factors", "evolutionary", "anthropology", "concerned", "biological", "cultural", "evolution", "humans", "past", "present", "based", "scientific", "approach", "brings", "together", "fields", "archaeology", "behavioral", "ecology", "psychology", "primatology" ]
[ "Social science", "Anthropology" ]
[ "genetics", "dynamic", "interdisciplinary", "field", "drawing", "many", "lines", "evidence", "understand", "human", "experience", "past", "present", "forensic", "forensic", "anthropology", "application", "science", "physical", "anthropology", "human", "osteology", "legal", "setting", "often", "criminal", "cases", "victim", "'s", "remains", "advanced", "stages", "decomposition", "forensic", "anthropologist", "assist", "identification", "deceased", "individuals", "whose", "remains", "decomposed", "burned", "mutilated", "otherwise", "unrecognizable", "adjective", "forensic", "refers", "application", "subfield", "science", "court", "law", "palaeoanthropology", "five" ]
[ "Social science", "Anthropology" ]

Dataset Card for Wiki Academic Disciplines`

Dataset Summary

This dataset was created from the English wikipedia dump of January 2022. The main goal was to train a hierarchical classifier of academic subjects using HiAGM.

Supported Tasks and Leaderboard

Text classification - No leaderboard at the moment.

Languages

English

Dataset Structure

The dataset consists of groups of labeled text chunks (tokenized by spaces and with stopwords removed). Labels are organized in a hieararchy (a DAG with a special Root node) of academic subjects. Nodes correspond to entries in the outline of academic disciplines article from Wikipedia.

Data Instances

Data is split in train/test/val each on a separate .jsonl file. Label hierarchy is listed a as TAB separated adjacency list on a .taxonomy file.

Data Fields

JSONL files contain only two fields: a "token" field which holds the text tokens and a "label" field which holds a list of labels for that text.

Data Splits

80/10/10 TRAIN/TEST/VAL schema

Dataset Creation

All texts where extracted following the linked articles on outline of academic disciplines

Curation Rationale

[More Information Needed]

Source Data

Initial Data Collection and Normalization

Wiki Dump

Who are the source language producers?

Wikipedia community.

Annotations

Annotation process

Texts where automatically assigned to their linked academic discipline

Who are the annotators?

Wikipedia Community.

Personal and Sensitive Information

All information is public.

Considerations for Using the Data

Social Impact of Dataset

Discussion of Biases

[More Information Needed]

Other Known Limitations

[More Information Needed]

Additional Information

Dataset Curators

[More Information Needed]

Licensing Information

Creative Commons 3.0 (see Wikipedia:Copyrights)

Citation Information

  1. Zhou, Jie, et al. "Hierarchy-aware global model for hierarchical text classification." Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics. 2020.

Contributions

Thanks to @meliascosta for adding this dataset.

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