FCC Regulation Document

Part: 
Topic: C

47 CFR Part 78 (up to date as of 2/20/2024)
                                                                           47 CFR Part 78 (Feb. 20, 2024)
Cable Television Relay Service

This content is from the eCFR and is authoritative but unofficial.

Title 47 —Telecommunication
Chapter I —Federal Communications Commission
Subchapter C —Broadcast Radio Services

Part 78 Cable Television Relay Service
  Subpart A General
      § 78.1 Purpose.
      § 78.3 Other pertinent rules.
      § 78.5 Definitions.
  Subpart B Applications and Licenses
      § 78.11 Permissible service.
      § 78.13 Eligibility for license.
      § 78.15 Contents of applications.
      § 78.16 Who may sign applications.
      § 78.17 Amendment of applications.
      § 78.18 Frequency assignments.
      § 78.19 Interference.
      § 78.20 Acceptance of applications; public notice.
      § 78.21 Dismissal of applications.
      § 78.22 Objections to applications.
      § 78.23 Equipment tests.
      § 78.27 License conditions.
      § 78.29 License period.
      § 78.30 Forfeiture and termination of station authorizations.
      § 78.31 Temporary extension of license.
      § 78.33 Special temporary authority.
      § 78.35 Assignment or transfer of control.
      § 78.36 Frequency coordination.
      § 78.40 Transition of the 1990–2025 MHz band from the Cable Television Relay Service to
              emerging technologies.
  Subpart C General Operating Requirements
      § 78.51 Remote control operation.
      § 78.53 Unattended operation.
      § 78.55 Time of operation.
      § 78.57 Station inspection.
      § 78.59 Posting of station and operator licenses.
      § 78.61 Operator requirements.

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47 CFR Part 78 (up to date as of 2/20/2024)
                                                                                           47 CFR Part 78 (Feb. 20, 2024)
Cable Television Relay Service

     § 78.63 Antenna structure marking and lighting.
     § 78.65 Additional orders.
     § 78.67 Familiarity with FCC rules.
     § 78.69 Station records.
     § 78.75 Equal employment opportunities.
   Subpart D Technical Regulations
     § 78.101 Power limitations.
     § 78.103 Emissions and emission limitations.
     § 78.104 Authorized bandwidth and emission designator.
     § 78.105 Antenna systems.
     § 78.106 Interference to geostationary-satellites.
     § 78.107 Equipment and installation.
     § 78.108 Minimum path lengths for fixed links.
     § 78.109 Major and minor modifications to stations.
     § 78.111 Frequency tolerance.
     § 78.113 Frequency monitors and measurements.
     § 78.115 Modulation limits.
   Alphabetical Index
      Part 78

PART 78—CABLE TELEVISION RELAY SERVICE
Authority: 47 U.S.C. 152, 153, 154, 301, 303, 307, 308, 309.

Source: 37 FR 3292, Feb. 12, 1972, unless otherwise noted.

Subpart A—General
§ 78.1 Purpose.
The rules and regulations set forth in this part provide for the licensing and operation of fixed or mobile cable
television relay service stations (CARS) used for the transmission of television and related audio signals, signals of
standard and FM broadcast stations, signals of BRS/EBS fixed stations, and cablecasting from the point of
reception to a terminal point from which the signals are distributed to the public by cable. In addition CARS stations
may be used to transmit television and related audio signals to TV translator and low-power TV stations.

[69 FR 72046, Dec. 10, 2004]

§ 78.3 Other pertinent rules.
Other pertinent provisions of the Commission's rules and regulations relating to the cable television relay service
(CARS) are included in the following parts of this chapter:

47 CFR 78.3 (enhanced display)                                                                              page 2 of 54
47 CFR Part 78 (up to date as of 2/20/2024)
                                                                                                              47 CFR 78.5
Cable Television Relay Service

     Part 0—Commission Organization.

     Part 1—Practice and Procedure.

     Part 2—Frequency Allocations and Radio Treaty Matters; General Rules and Regulations.

     Part 17—Construction Marking and Lighting of Antenna Structures.

     Part 21—Domestic Public Fixed Radio Services.

     Part 74—Experimental, Auxiliary, and Special Broadcast, and Other Program Distribution Services.

     Part 76—Cable Television Service.

     Part 101—Fixed Microwave Services.

[55 FR 46014, Oct. 31, 1990, as amended at 65 FR 38326, June 20, 2000]

§ 78.5 Definitions.
For purposes of this part, the following definitions are applicable. For other definitions, see part 76 (Cable Television
Service) of this chapter.

     (a) Cable television relay service (CARS) station. A fixed or mobile station used for the transmission of
         television and related audio signals, signals of standard and FM broadcast stations, signals of
         instructional television fixed stations, and cablecasting from the point of reception to a terminal point
         from the point of reception to a terminal point from which the signals are distributed to the public.

           Note: Except where the rules contained in this part make separate provision, the term “Cable
           Television Relay service” or “CARS” includes the term “Local Distribution Service” or “LDS,” the
           term “Cable Television Relay service Studio to Headend Link” or “SHL,” and the term “Cable
           Television Relay PICKUP,” as defined in paragraphs (b), (c), and (d) of this section.

     (b) Local distribution service (LDS) station. A fixed CARS station used within a cable television system or
         systems for the transmission of television signals and related audio signals, signals of standard and FM
         broadcast stations, signals of instructional television fixed stations, and cablecasting from a local
         transmission point to one or more receiving points, from which the communications are distributed to the
         public. LDS stations may also engage in repeatered operation.

     (c) Cable Television Relay Service Studio to Headend Link (SHL) station. A fixed CARS station used for the
         transmission of television program material and related communications from a cable television studio to
         the headend of a cable television system.

     (d) Cable Television Relay Service PICKUP station. A land mobile CARS station used for the transmission of
         television signals and related communications from the scenes of events occurring at points removed
         from cable television studios to cable television studios or headends.

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47 CFR Part 78 (up to date as of 2/20/2024)
                                                                                                                 47 CFR 78.5(e)
Cable Television Relay Service

     (e) Remote control operation. Operation of a station by a qualified operator on duty at a control position from
         which the transmitter is not visible but which control position is equipped with suitable control and
         telemetering circuits so that the essential functions that could be performed at the transmitter can also
         be performed from the control point.

     (f) Attended operation. Operation of a station by a qualified operator on duty at the place where the
         transmitting apparatus is located with the transmitter in plain view of the operator.

     (g) Unattended operation. Operation of a station by automatic means whereby the transmitter is turned on
         and off and performs its functions without attention by a qualified operator.

     (h) Authorized bandwidth. The maximum bandwidth authorized to be used by a station as specified in the
         station license. (See §§ 2.202 and 78.104.)

      (i)   Cable network-entity. A cable network-entity is an organization which produces programs available for
            simultaneous transmission by cable systems serving a combined total of at least 5,000,000 subscribers
            and having distribution facilities or circuits available to such affiliated stations or cable systems.

      (j)   Other eligible system. A system comprised of microwave radio channels in the BRS/EBS spectrum (as
            defined in subpart M of part 27 of this chapter) that delivers multichannel television service over the air to
            subscribers.

[37 FR 3292, Feb. 12, 1972, as amended at 38 FR 16647, June 25, 1973; 39 FR 26025, July 16, 1974; 43 FR 1953, Jan. 13, 1978; 52
FR 7143, Mar. 9, 1987; 55 FR 46015, Oct. 31, 1990; 69 FR 72046, Dec. 10, 2004]

Subpart B—Applications and Licenses
§ 78.11 Permissible service.
     (a) CARS stations are authorized to relay TV broadcast and low-power TV and related audio signals, the
         signals of AM and FM broadcast stations, signals of BRS/EBS fixed stations, and cablecasting intended
         for use by one or more cable television systems or other eligible systems. LDS stations are authorized to
         relay television broadcast and related audio signals, the signals of AM and FM broadcast stations, signals
         of BRS/EBS fixed stations, cablecasting, and such other communications as may be authorized by the
         Commission. Relaying includes retransmission of signals by intermediate relay stations in the system.
         CARS licensees may interconnect their facilities with those of other CARS, common carrier, or television
         auxiliary licensees, and may also retransmit the signals of such CARS, common carrier, or television
         auxiliary stations, provided that the program material retransmitted meets the requirements of this
         paragraph.

     (b) The transmitter of a CARS station using FM transmission may be multiplexed to provide additional
         communication channels for the transmission of standard and FM broadcast station programs and
         operational communications directly related to the technical operation of the relay system (including
         voice communications, telemetry signals, alerting signals, fault reporting signals, and control signals). A
         CARS station will be authorized only where the principal use is the transmission of television broadcast
         program material or cablecasting: Provided, however, That this requirement shall not apply to LDS
         stations.

     (c) CARS station licenses may be issued to cable television owners or operators or other eligible system
         owners or operators, and to cooperative enterprises owned by cable television owners or operators or
         other eligible system owners or operators. Television translator licensees may be members of such
         cooperative enterprises.

47 CFR 78.11(c) (enhanced display)                                                                                 page 4 of 54
47 CFR Part 78 (up to date as of 2/20/2024)
                                                                                                                47 CFR 78.11(d)
Cable Television Relay Service

     (d) CARS systems shall supply program material to cable television systems, other eligible systems, and
         translator stations only in the following circumstances.

           (1) Where the licensee of the CARS station or system is owner or operator of the cable television
               systems or other eligible systems supplied with program material; or

           (2) Where the licensee of the CARS station or system supplies program material to cable television
               systems, other eligible systems, or television translator stations either without charge or on a non-
               profit, cost-sharing basis pursuant to a written contract between the parties involved which provides
               that the CARS licensee shall have exclusive control over the operation of the CARS stations licensed
               to him and that contributions to capital and operating expenses are accepted only on a cost-sharing,
               nonprofit basis, prorated on an equitable basis among all cable television systems or other eligible
               systems being supplied with program material in whole or in part. Charges for the programming
               material are not subject to this restriction and cable network-entities may fully charge for their
               services. Records showing the cost of the service and its nonprofit, cost-sharing nature shall be
               maintained by the CARS licensee and held available for inspection by the Commission.

     (e) The license of a CARS pickup station authorizes the transmission of program material, and related
         communications necessary to the accomplishment of such transmission, from the scenes of events
         occurring in places other than a cable television studio or the studio of another eligible system, to the
         studio, headend, or transmitter of its associated cable television system or other eligible system, or to
         such other cable television or other eligible systems as are carrying the same program material. CARS
         pickup stations may be used to provide temporary CARS studio-to-headend links, studio-to-transmitter
         links, or CARS circuits consistent with this part without further authority of the Commission: Provided,
         however, That prior Commission authority shall be obtained if the transmitting antenna to be installed will
         increase the height of any natural formation or manmade structure by more than 6.1 meters (20 feet) and
         will be in existence for a period of more than 2 consecutive days: And provided, further, That if the
         transmitting equipment is to be operated for more than 1 day outside of the area to which the CARS
         station has been licensed, the Commission, the Regional Director for the area in which the station is
         licensed to operate, and the Regional Director for the area in which the equipment will be temporarily
         operated shall be notified at least 1 day prior to such operation. If the decision to continue operation for
         more than 1 day is not made until the operation has begun, notice shall be given to the Commission and
         the relevant Regional Directors within 1 day after such decision. In all instances, the Commission and the
         relevant Regional Directors shall be notified when the transmitting equipment has been returned to its
         licensed area.

     (f) A cable network-entity may use CARS stations to transmit their own television program materials to cable
         television systems, other eligible systems, other cable network-entities, broadcast stations, and broadcast
         network-entities: Provided, however, That the bands 2025–2110 MHz, 6425–6526 MHz and 6875–7125
         MHz may be used by cable network-entities only for CARS pick-up stations.

     (g) The provisions of paragraph (d) of this section and § 78.13 shall not apply to a licensee who has been
         licensed in the CARS service pursuant to § 101.705 of this chapter, except that paragraph (d) of this
         section shall apply with respect to facilities added or cable television and other eligible systems first
         served after February 1, 1966.

[37 FR 3292, Feb. 12, 1972, as amended at 37 FR 15926, Aug. 8, 1972; 43 FR 1953, Jan. 13, 1978; 43 FR 25127, June 9, 1978; 44
FR 32382, June 6, 1979; 47 FR 21503, May 18, 1982; 50 FR 23421, June 4, 1985; 52 FR 7144, Mar. 9, 1987; 55 FR 46015, Oct. 31,
1990; 58 FR 44952, Aug. 25, 1993; 65 FR 38326, June 20, 2000; 65 FR 48181, Aug. 7, 2000; 69 FR 72046, Dec. 10, 2004; 80 FR
53751, Sept. 8, 2015]

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                                                                                                                  47 CFR 78.13
Cable Television Relay Service

§ 78.13 Eligibility for license.
A license for CARS station will be issued only:

     (a) To the owner or one who is responsible for the management and operation of a cable television system,

     (b) To a cooperative enterprise wholly owned by cable television owners or operators, or

     (c) A cable network-entity upon showing that the applicant is qualified under the Communications Act of
         1934, that frequencies are available for the proposed operation, and that the public interest, convenience,
         and necessity will be served by a grant thereof.

     (d) Licensees and conditional licensees of channels in the BRS/EBS band as defined in § 27.5(i) of this
         chapter, or entities that hold an executed lease agreement with a BRS/EBS licensee or conditional
         licensee.

     (e) To private cable operators and other multichannel video programming distributors not specifically
         identified in this section.

[52 FR 7144, Mar. 9, 1987, as amended at 55 FR 46015, Oct. 31, 1990; 56 FR 57601, Nov. 13, 1991; 67 FR 43259, June 27, 2002;
69 FR 72047, Dec. 10, 2004]

§ 78.15 Contents of applications.
     (a) Applications for authorization in the Cable Television Relay Service shall be submitted on FCC Form 327,
         and shall contain the information requested therein. Applications requiring fees as set forth at part 1,
         subpart G of this chapter must be filed in accordance with § 0.401(b) of the rules.

     (b) An application for a CARS studio to headend link or LDS station license shall contain a statement that the
         applicant has investigated the possibility of using cable rather than microwave and the reasons why it
         was decided to use microwave rather than cable.

           Note: Each applicant filing pursuant to § 78.15 is responsible for the continuing accuracy and
           completeness of all information in such applications. The provisions of § 1.65 are wholly
           applicable to applications pursuant to § 78.15, as well as to amendments filed pursuant to §
           78.17, and objections filed pursuant to § 78.22, except that where the specific provisins of §§
           78.15, 78.17, 78.22 conflict with the provisions of § 1.65, the specific provisions are controlling,
           e.g., where requirements for service on specified parties of certain information may vary.

     (c) CARS applicants must follow the procedures prescribed in subpart 1 of part 1 of this chapter (§§ 1.1301
         through 1.1319) regarding the filing of environmental assessments unless Commission action authorizing
         construction of a CARS station would be categorically excluded from the environmental processing
         requirements under § 1.1306 of this chapter.

[41 FR 3719, Jan. 23, 1976, as amended at 41 FR 32429, Aug. 3, 1976; 42 FR 61864, Dec. 7, 1977; 50 FR 23421, June 4, 1985; 52
FR 10231, Mar. 31, 1987; 55 FR 20398, May 16, 1990]

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47 CFR Part 78 (up to date as of 2/20/2024)
                                                                                                             47 CFR 78.16
Cable Television Relay Service

§ 78.16 Who may sign applications.
     (a) Applications, amendments thereto, and related statements of fact required by the Commission shall be
         personally signed by the applicant, if the applicant is an individual; by one of the partners, if the applicant
         is a partnership; by an officer, if the applicant is a corporation; or by a member who is an officer, if the
         applicant is an unincorporated association. Applications, amendments, and related statements of fact
         filed on behalf of government entities shall be signed by such duly elected or appointed officials as may
         be competent to do so under the laws of the applicable jurisdiction.

     (b) Applications, amendments thereto, and related statements of fact required by the Commission may be
         signed by the applicant's attorney in case of the applicant's physical disability or of his absence from the
         United States. The attorney shall in that event separately set forth the reasons why the application is not
         signed by the applicant. In addition, if any matter is stated on the basis of the attorney's belief only (rather
         than his knowledge), he shall separately set forth his reasons for believing that such statements are true.

     (c) Only the original of applications, amendments, or related statements of fact need be signed; copies may
         be conformed.

     (d) Applications, amendments, and related statements of fact need not be submitted under oath. Willful false
         statements made therein, however, are punishable by fine and imprisonment, United States Code, title 18,
         section 1001, and by appropriate administrative sanctions, including revocation of station license
         pursuant to section 312(a)(1) of the Communications Act of 1934, as amended.

[37 FR 15926, Aug. 8, 1972]

§ 78.17 Amendment of applications.
Any application may be amended as a matter of right prior to the adoption date of any final action taken by the
Commission with respect to the application. If a petition to deny has been filed, the amendment shall be served on
the petitioner.

[68 FR 27004, May 19, 2003]

§ 78.18 Frequency assignments.
     (a) The Cable Television Relay Service is assigned the band of frequencies from 12.70 to 13.20 GHz. This
         band is shared with the Fixed-Satellite Service (earth-to-space) from 12.70 to 12.75 GHz and Television
         Auxiliary Broadcast Stations from 12.70 to 13.20 GHz. The following channels may be assigned to CARS
         stations for the propagation of radio waves with the indicated polarization:

           (1) For CARS stations using FM transmission:

                                                       Group A Channels

                              Designation                               Channel boundaries (GHz)
                 A011                                                                                   12.700–12.725
                 A021                                                                                   12.725–12.750
                 A031                                                                                   12.750–12.775
                 A041                                                                                   12.775–12.800

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                                                                                                        47 CFR 78.18(a)(1)
Cable Television Relay Service

                             Designation                              Channel boundaries (GHz)
                       1
                 A05                                                                                    12.800–12.825
                       1
                 A06                                                                                    12.825–12.850
                       1
                 A07                                                                                    12.850–12.875
                 A081                                                                                   12.875–12.900
                 A091                                                                                   12.900–12.925
                       1
                 A10                                                                                    12.925–12.950
                       1
                 A11                                                                                    12.950–12.975
                 A121                                                                                   12.975–13.000
                       1
                 A13                                                                                    13.000–13.025
                       1
                 A14                                                                                    13.025–13.050
                       1
                 A15                                                                                    13.050–13.075
                 A161                                                                                   13.075–13.100
                 A171                                                                                   13.100–13.125
                 A181                                                                                   13.125–13.150
                 A191                                                                               2
                                                                                                        13.150–13.175
                 A201                                                                               2   13.170–13.200

                1   Appropriate polarization designation:

                H = Horizontally polarized propagated radio wave.

                V = Vertically polarized propagated radio wave.

                R = Right-handed (clockwise) elliptically polarized propagated radio wave.

                L = Left-handed (counter-clockwise) elliptically polarized propagated radio wave.

                2   See paragraph (l) of this section.

                NOTE: Polarization designations shall be in accordance with IEEE standard 100–1972 as amended.

                                                         Group B Channels

                             Designation                              Channel boundaries (GHz)
                 B011                                                                               12.7125–12.7375
                 B021                                                                               12.7375–12.7625
                 B031                                                                               12.7625–12.7875
                 B041                                                                               12.7875–12.8125
                 B051                                                                               12.8125–12.8375
                 B061                                                                               12.8375–12.8625
                 B071                                                                               12.8625–12.8875
                 B081                                                                               12.8875–12.9125

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                                                                                                        47 CFR 78.18(a)(2)
Cable Television Relay Service

                                Designation                            Channel boundaries (GHz)
                       1
                 B09                                                                                  12.9125–12.9375
                       1
                 B10                                                                                  12.9375–12.9625
                       1
                 B11                                                                                  12.9625–12.9875
                 B121                                                                                 12.9875–13.0125
                 B131                                                                                 13.0125–13.0375
                       1
                 B14                                                                                  13.0375–13.0625
                       1
                 B15                                                                                  13.0625–13.0875
                 B161                                                                                 13.0875–13.1125
                       1
                 B17                                                                                  13.1125–13.1375
                       1                                                                          2
                 B18                                                                                  13.1375–13.1625
                       1                                                                          2
                 B19                                                                                  13.1625–13.1875

                1   See footnote 1 following GROUP A CHANNELS.

                2
                    See paragraph (l) of this section.

                NOTE: Polarization designations shall be in accordance with IEEE standard 100–1972 as amended.

           (2) CARS stations using vestigal sideband AM transmission and FM transmission requiring a necessary
               bandwidth of no more than 6 MHz.

                                                           Group C Channels

                                                        Channel                          Alternate
                           Designation              boundaries (GHz)              change boundaries (GHz)
                                                      [C channels]                     [Ca channels]
                 C011                         12.7005–12.7065            12.7005–12.7065
                 C021                         12.7065–12.7125            12.7065–12.7125
                 C031                         12.7125–12.7185            12.7125–12.7185
                 C041                         12.7185–12.72252           12.7185–12.7245
                 C051                         12.7225–12.7285            12.7245–12.7305
                 C061                         12.7285–12.7345            12.7305–12.7365
                 C071                         12.7345–12.7405            12.7365–12.7425
                 C081                         12.7405–12.7465            12.7425–12.7485
                 C091                         12.7465–12.7525            12.7485–12.7545
                 C101                         12.7525–12.75452
                 C111                         12.7545–12.7605            12.7545–12.7605
                 C121                         12.7605–12.7665            12.7605–12.7665
                 C131                         12.7665–12.7725            12.7665–12.7725
                 C141                         12.7725–12.7785            12.7725–12.7785
                 C151                         12.7785–12.7845            12.7785–12.7845
                 C161                         12.7845–12.7905            12.7845–12.7905

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                                                     Channel                               Alternate
                           Designation           boundaries (GHz)                   change boundaries (GHz)
                                                   [C channels]                          [Ca channels]
                 C171                     12.7905–12.7965                  12.7905–12.7965
                       1
                 C18                      12.7965–12.8025                  12.7965–12.8025
                 C191                     12.8025–12.8085                  12.8025–12.8085
                       1
                 C20                      12.8085–12.8145                  12.8085–12.8145
                       1
                 C21                      12.8145–12.8205                  12.8145–12.8205
                 C221                     12.8205–12.8265                  12.8205–12.8265
                 C231                     12.8265–12.8325                  12.8265–12.8325
                 C241                     12.8325–12.8385                  12.8325–12.8385
                       1
                 C25                      12.8385–12.8445                  12.8385–12.8445
                 C261                     12.8445–12.8505                  12.8445–12.8505
                 C271                     12.8505–12.8565                  12.8505–12.8565
                 C281                     12.8565–12.8625                  12.8565–12.8625
                 C291                     12.8625–12.8685                  12.8625–12.8685
                 C301                     12.8685–12.8745                  12.8685–12.8745
                 C311                     12.8745–12.8805                  12.8745–12.8805
                 C321                     12.8805–12.8865                  12.8805–12.8865
                 C331                     12.8865–12.8925                  12.8865–12.8925
                 C341                     12.8925–12.8985                  12.8925–12.8985
                 C351                     12.8985–12.9045                  12.8985–12.9045
                 C361                     12.9045–12.9105                  12.9045–12.9105
                 C371                     12.9105–12.9165                  12.9105–12.9165
                 C381                     12.9165–12.9225                  12.9165–12.9225
                 C391                     12.9225–12.9285                  12.9225–12.9285
                 C401                     12.9285–12.9345                  12.9285–12.9345
                 C411                     12.9345–12.9405                  12.9345–12.9405
                 C421                     12.9405–12.9465                  12.9405–12.9465
                 C431                     12.9465–12.9525                  12.9465–12.9525

                1   See footnote 1 following GROUP A CHANNELS.

                2   For transmission of pilot subcarriers or other authorized narrow band signals.

                                                        Group D Channels

                 Designation Channel boundaries (GHz) [D channels] Alternate channel boundaries (GHz) [Da channels]
                 D011                               12.7597–12.7657                                  12.7597–12.7657
                 D021                               12.7657–12.7717                                  12.7657–12.7717
                 D031                               12.7717–12.7777                                  12.7717–12.7777
                 D041                              12.7777–12.78172                                  12.7777–12.7837

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                                                                                                     47 CFR 78.18(a)(2)
Cable Television Relay Service

                 Designation Channel boundaries (GHz) [D channels] Alternate channel boundaries (GHz) [Da channels]
                 D051                             12.7817–12.7877                                 12.7837–12.7897
                       1
                 D06                              12.7877–12.7937                                 12.7897–12.7957
                       1
                 D07                              12.7937–12.7997                                 12.7957–12.8017
                 D081                             12.7997–12.8057                                 12.8017–12.8077
                 D091                             12.8057–12.8117                                 12.8077–12.8137
                       1                                           2
                 D10                             12.8117–12.8137                                                N/A
                       1
                 D11                              12.8137–12.8197                                 12.8137–12.8197
                 D121                             12.8197–12.8257                                 12.8197–12.8257
                       1
                 D13                              12.8257–12.8317                                 12.8257–12.8317
                       1
                 D14                              12.8317–12.8377                                 12.8317–12.8377
                       1
                 D15                              12.8377–12.8437                                 12.8377–12.8437
                 D161                             12.8437–12.8497                                 12.8437–12.8497
                 D171                             12.8497–12.8557                                 12.8497–12.8557
                 D181                             12.8557–12.8617                                 12.8557–12.8617
                 D191                             12.8617–12.8677                                 12.8617–12.8677
                 D201                             12.8677–12.8737                                 12.8677–12.8737
                 D211                             12.8737–12.8797                                 12.8737–12.8797
                 D221                             12.8797–12.8857                                 12.8797–12.8857
                 D231                             12.8857–12.8917                                 12.8857–12.8917
                 D241                             12.8917–12.8977                                 12.8917–12.8977
                 D251                             12.8977–12.9037                                 12.8977–12.9037
                 D261                             12.9037–12.9097                                 12.9037–12.9097
                 D271                             12.9097–12.9157                                 12.9097–12.9157
                 D281                             12.9157–12.9217                                 12.9157–12.9217
                 D291                             12.9217–12.9277                                 12.9217–12.9277
                 D301                             12.9277–12.9337                                 12.9277–12.9337
                 D311                             12.9337–12.9397                                 12.9337–12.9397
                 D321                             12.9397–12.9457                                 12.9397–12.9457
                 D331                             12.9457–12.9517                                 12.9457–12.9517
                       1
                 D34                              12.9517–12.9577                                 12.9517–12.9577
                 D351                             12.9577–12.9637                                 12.9577–12.9637
                 D361                             12.9637–12.9697                                 12.9637–12.9697
                 D371                             12.9697–12.9757                                 12.9697–12.9757
                 D381                             12.9757–12.9817                                 12.9757–12.9817
                 D391                             12.9817–12.9877                                 12.9817–12.9877
                 D401                             12.9877–12.9937                                 12.9877–12.9937
                 D411                             12.9937–12.9997                                 12.9937–12.9997
                 D421                             12.9997–13.0057                                 12.9997–13.0057
                 D431                             13.0057–13.0117                                 13.0057–13.0117

47 CFR 78.18(a)(2) (enhanced display)                                                                     page 11 of 54
47 CFR Part 78 (up to date as of 2/20/2024)
                                                                                                          47 CFR 78.18(a)(2)
Cable Television Relay Service

                1   See footnote 1 following GROUP A CHANNELS.

                2   For transmission of pilot subcarriers or other authorized narrow band signals.

                                                        Group E Channels

                 Designation Channel boundaries (GHz) [E channels]       Alternate channel boundaries (GHz) [Ea channels]
                       1
                 E01                                12.9525–12.9585                                     12.9525–12.9585
                 E021                               12.9585–12.9645                                     12.9585–12.9645
                       1
                 E03                                12.9645–12.9705                                     12.9645–12.9705
                       1                                             2
                 E04                               12.9705–12.9745                                      12.9705–12.9765
                       1
                 E05                                12.9745–12.9805                                     12.9765–12.9825
                 E061                               12.9805–12.9865                                     12.9825–12.9885
                 E071                               12.9865–12.9925                                     12.9885–12.9945
                 E081                               12.9925–12.9985                                     12.9945–13.0005
                 E091                               12.9985–13.0045                                     13.0005–13.0065
                 E101                              13.0045–13.00652                                                  N/A
                 E111                               13.0065–13.0125                                     13.0065–13.0125
                 E121                               13.0125–13.0185                                     13.0125–13.0185
                 E131                               13.0185–13.0245                                     13.0185–13.0245
                 E141                               13.0245–13.0305                                     13.0245–13.0305
                 E151                               13.0305–13.0365                                     13.0305–13.0365
                 E161                               13.0365–13.0425                                     13.0365–13.0425
                 E171                               13.0425–13.0485                                     13.0425–13.0485
                 E181                               13.0485–13.0545                                     13.0485–13.0545
                 E191                               13.0545–13.0605                                     13.0545–13.0605
                 E201                               13.0605–13.0665                                     13.0605–13.0665
                 E211                               13.0665–13.0725                                     13.0665–13.0725
                 E221                               13.0725–13.0785                                     13.0725–13.0785
                 E231                               13.0785–13.0845                                     13.0785–13.0845
                 E241                               13.0845–13.0905                                     13.0845–13.0905
                 E251                               13.0905–13.0965                                     13.0905–13.0965
                 E261                               13.0965–13.1025                                     13.0965–13.1025
                 E271                               13.1025–13.1085                                     13.1025–13.1085
                 E281                               13.1085–13.1145                                     13.1085–13.1145
                 E291                               13.1145–13.1205                                     13.1145–13.1205
                 E301                               13.1205–13.1265                                     13.1205–13.1265
                 E311                               13.1265–13.1325                                     13.1265–13.1325
                 E321                               13.1325–13.1385                                     13.1325–13.1385
                 E331                               13.1385–13.1445                                     13.1385–13.1445
                 E341                              13.1445–13.15053                                    13.1445–13.15053
                 E351                              13.1505–13.15653                                    13.1505–13.15653

47 CFR 78.18(a)(2) (enhanced display)                                                                          page 12 of 54
47 CFR Part 78 (up to date as of 2/20/2024)
                                                                                                           47 CFR 78.18(a)(2)
Cable Television Relay Service

                 Designation Channel boundaries (GHz) [E channels]        Alternate channel boundaries (GHz) [Ea channels]
                       1                                              3
                 E36                                13.1565–13.1625                                     13.1565–13.16253
                 E371                               13.1625–13.16853                                    13.1625–13.16853
                 E381                               13.1685–13.17453                                    13.1685–13.17453
                 E391                               13.1745–13.18053                                    13.1745–13.18053
                 E401                               13.1805–13.18653                                    13.1805–13.18653
                 E411                               13.1865–13.19253                                    13.1865–13.19253
                 E421                               13.1925–13.19853                                    13.1925–13.19853

                1   See footnote 1 following GROUP A CHANNELS.

                2   For transmission of pilot subcarriers or other authorized narrow band signals.

                3   See paragraph (l) of this section.

                                                         Group F Channels

                 Designation Channel boundaries (GHz) [F channels]        Alternate channel boundaries (GHz) [Fa channels]
                 F011                                13.0125–13.0185                                     13.0125–13.0185
                 F021                                13.0185–13.0245                                     13.0185–13.0245
                 F031                                13.0245–13.0305                                     13.0245–13.0305
                 F041                               13.0305–13.03452                                     13.0305–13.0365
                 F051                                13.0345–13.0405                                     13.0365–13.0425
                 F061                                13.0405–13.0465                                     13.0425–13.0485
                 F071                                13.0465–13.0525                                     13.0485–13.0545
                 F081                                13.0525–13.0585                                     13.0545–13.0605
                 F091                                13.0585–13.0645                                     13.0605–13.0665
                 F101                               13.0645–13.06652                                                  N/A
                       1
                 F11                                 13.0665–13.0725                                     13.0665–13.0725
                 F121                                13.0725–13.0785                                     13.0725–13.0785
                 F131                                13.0785–13.0845                                     13.0785–13.0845
                 F141                                13.0845–13.0905                                     13.0845–13.0905
                 F151                                13.0905–13.0965                                     13.0905–13.0965
                 F161                                13.0965–13.1025                                     13.0965–13.1025
                 F171                                13.1025–13.1085                                     13.1025–13.1085
                 F181                                13.1085–13.1145                                     13.1085–13.1145
                 F191                                13.1145–13.1205                                     13.1145–13.1205
                 F201                                13.1205–13.1265                                     13.1205–13.1265
                 F211                                13.1265–13.1325                                     13.1265–13.1325
                 F221                                13.1325–13.1385                                     13.1325–13.1385
                 F231                                13.1385–13.1445                                     13.1385–13.1445
                 F241                               13.1445–13.15053                                    13.1445–13.15053

47 CFR 78.18(a)(2) (enhanced display)                                                                           page 13 of 54
47 CFR Part 78 (up to date as of 2/20/2024)
                                                                                                           47 CFR 78.18(a)(3)
Cable Television Relay Service

                 Designation Channel boundaries (GHz) [F channels]        Alternate channel boundaries (GHz) [Fa channels]
                       1                                              3
                 F25                                13.1505–13.1565                                     13.1505–13.15653
                 F261                               13.1565–13.16253                                    13.1565–13.16253
                 F271                               13.1625–13.16853                                    13.1625–13.16853
                 F281                               13.1685–13.17453                                    13.1685–13.17453
                 F291                               13.1745–13.18053                                    13.1745–13.18053
                 F301                               13.1805–13.18653                                    13.1805–13.18653
                 F311                               13.1865–13.19253                                    13.1865–13.19253
                 F321                               13.1925–13.19853                                    13.1925–13.19853

                1   See footnote 1 following GROUP A CHANNELS.

                2   For transmission of pilot subcarriers or other authorized narrow band signals.

                3
                    See paragraph (l) of this section.

           (3) For CARS stations using AM and FM transmission requiring a necessary bandwidth of no more than
               12.5 MHz.

                                                         Group K Channel

                             Designation                                   Channel boundaries (GHz)
                 K011                                                                                    12.7000–12.7125
                 K021                                                                                    12.7125–12.7250
                 K031                                                                                    12.7250–12.7375
                 K041                                                                                    12.7375–12.7500
                 K051                                                                                    12.7500–12.7625
                 K061                                                                                    12.7625–12.7750
                 K071                                                                                    12.7750–12.7875
                 K081                                                                                    12.7875–12.8000
                 K091                                                                                    12.8000–12.8125
                 K101                                                                                    12.8125–12.8250
                 K111                                                                                    12.8250–12.8375
                 K121                                                                                    12.8375–12.8500
                 K131                                                                                    12.8500–12.8625
                 K141                                                                                    12.8625–12.8750
                 K151                                                                                    12.8750–12.8875
                 K161                                                                                    12.8875–12.9000
                 K171                                                                                    12.9000–12.9125
                 K181                                                                                    12.9125–12.9250
                 K191                                                                                    12.9250–12.9375
                 K201                                                                                    12.9375–12.9500

47 CFR 78.18(a)(3) (enhanced display)                                                                           page 14 of 54
47 CFR Part 78 (up to date as of 2/20/2024)
                                                                                                      47 CFR 78.18(a)(4)
Cable Television Relay Service

                             Designation                               Channel boundaries (GHz)
                       1
                 K21                                                                                12.9500–12.9625
                       1
                 K22                                                                                12.9625–12.9750
                       1
                 K23                                                                                12.9750–12.9875
                 K241                                                                               12.9875–13.0000
                 K251                                                                               13.0000–13.0125
                       1
                 K26                                                                                13.0125–13.0250
                       1
                 K27                                                                                13.0250–13.0375
                 K281                                                                               13.0375–13.0500
                       1
                 K29                                                                                13.0500–13.0625
                       1
                 K30                                                                                13.0625–13.0750
                       1
                 K31                                                                                13.0750–13.0875
                 K321                                                                               13.0875–13.1000
                 K331                                                                               13.1000–13.1125
                 K341                                                                               13.1125–13.1250
                 K351                                                                               13.1250–13.1375
                 K361                                                                               13.1375–13.1500
                 K371 2                                                                             13.1500–13.1625
                 K381 2                                                                             13.1625–13.1750
                 K391 2                                                                             13.1750–13.1875
                 K401 2                                                                             13.1875–13.2000

                1   See footnote 1 following GROUP A CHANNELS.

                2   See paragraph (l) of this section.

           (4) The Cable Television Relay Service is also assigned the following frequencies in the 17,700–19,700
               MHz band. These frequencies are co-equally shared with stations in other services under parts 25,
               74, and 101 of this chapter. Cable Television Relay Service stations operating on frequencies in the
               sub-bands 18.3–18.58 GHz and 19.26–19.3 GHz that were licensed or had applications pending
               before the Commission as of September 18, 1998 may continue those operations on a shared co-
               primary basis with other services under parts 25, 74, and 101 of this chapter. Such stations, however,
               are subject to relocation by licensees in the fixed-satellite service. Such relocation is subject to the
               provisions of §§ 101.85 through 101.97 of this chapter. No new applications for part 78 licenses will
               be accepted in the 19.26–19.3 GHz band after June 8, 2000, and no new applications for part 78
               licenses will be accepted in the 18.3–18.58 GHz band after November 19, 2002.

47 CFR 78.18(a)(4) (enhanced display)                                                                      page 15 of 54
47 CFR Part 78 (up to date as of 2/20/2024)
                                                                                                     47 CFR 78.18(a)(4)(i)
Cable Television Relay Service

                 (i)   2 MHz maximum authorized bandwidth channel:

                                    Transmit (receive) (MHz)                        Receive (transmit) (MHz)
                       18141.0                                                                                         n/a

                 (ii) 6 MHz maximum authorized bandwidth channels:

                                    Transmit (receive) (MHz)                        Receive (transmit) (MHz)
                                                               216 MHz Separation
                       18145.0                                                                                         n/a
                       18151.0                                                                                    18367.0
                       18157.0                                                                                    18373.0
                       18163.0                                                                                    18379.0
                       18169.0                                                                                    18385.0
                       18175.0                                                                                    18391.0
                       18181.0                                                                                    18397.0
                       18187.0                                                                                    18403.0
                       18193.0                                                                                    18409.0
                       18199.0                                                                                    18415.0
                       18205.0                                                                                    18421.0
                       18211.0                                                                                    18427.0
                       18217.0                                                                                    18433.0
                       18223.0                                                                                    18439.0
                       18229.0                                                                                    18445.0
                       18235.0                                                                                    18451.0
                       18241.0                                                                                    18457.0
                       18247.0                                                                                    18463.0
                       18253.0                                                                                    18469.0
                       18259.0                                                                                    18475.0
                       18265.0                                                                                    18481.0
                       18271.0                                                                                    18487.0
                       18277.0                                                                                    18493.0
                       18283.0                                                                                    18499.0
                       18289.0                                                                                    18505.0
                       18295.0                                                                                    18511.0
                       18301.0                                                                                    18517.0
                       18307.0                                                                                    18523.0
                       18313.0                                                                                    18529.0
                       18319.0                                                                                    18535.0
                       18325.0                                                                                    18541.0
                       18331.0                                                                                    18547.0
                       18337.0                                                                                    18553.0

47 CFR 78.18(a)(4)(ii) (enhanced display)                                                                      page 16 of 54
47 CFR Part 78 (up to date as of 2/20/2024)
                                                                                                     47 CFR 78.18(a)(4)(iii)
Cable Television Relay Service

                                    Transmit (receive) (MHz)                         Receive (transmit) (MHz)
                       18343.0                                                                                     18559.0
                       18349.0                                                                                     18565.0
                       18355.0                                                                                     18571.0
                       18361.0                                                                                     18577.0

                (iii) 10 MHz maximum authorized bandwidth channels:

                                    Transmit (receive) (MHz)                         Receive (transmit) (MHz)
                                                               1560 MHz Separation
                       17705.0                                                                                     19265.0
                       17715.0                                                                                     19275.0
                       17725.0                                                                                     19285.0
                       17735.0                                                                                     19295.0
                       17745.0                                                                                     19305.0
                       17755.0                                                                                     19315.0
                       17765.0                                                                                     19325.0
                       17775.0                                                                                     19335.0
                       17785.0                                                                                     19345.0
                       17795.0                                                                                     19355.0
                       17805.0                                                                                     19365.0
                       17815.0                                                                                     19375.0
                       17825.0                                                                                     19385.0
                       17835.0                                                                                     19395.0
                       17845.0                                                                                     19405.0
                       17855.0                                                                                     19415.0
                       17865.0                                                                                     19425.0
                       17875.0                                                                                     19435.0
                       17885.0                                                                                     19445.0
                       17895.0                                                                                     19455.0
                       17905.0                                                                                     19465.0
                       17915.0                                                                                     19475.0
                       17925.0                                                                                     19485.0
                       17935.0                                                                                     19495.0
                       17945.0                                                                                     19505.0
                       17955.0                                                                                     19515.0
                       17965.0                                                                                     19525.0
                       17975.0                                                                                     19535.0
                       17985.0                                                                                     19545.0
                       17995.0                                                                                     19555.0
                       18005.0                                                                                     19565.0

47 CFR 78.18(a)(4)(iii) (enhanced display)                                                                      page 17 of 54
47 CFR Part 78 (up to date as of 2/20/2024)
                                                                                                    47 CFR 78.18(a)(4)(iv)
Cable Television Relay Service

                                   Transmit (receive) (MHz)                         Receive (transmit) (MHz)
                       18015.0                                                                                    19575.0
                       18025.0                                                                                    19585.0
                       18035.0                                                                                    19595.0
                       18045.0                                                                                    19605.0
                       18055.0                                                                                    19615.0
                       18065.0                                                                                    19625.0
                       18075.0                                                                                    19635.0
                       18085.0                                                                                    19645.0
                       18095.0                                                                                    19655.0
                       18105.0                                                                                    19665.0
                       18115.0                                                                                    19675.0
                       18125.0                                                                                    19685.0
                       18135.0                                                                                    19695.0

                (iv) 20 MHz maximum authorized bandwidth channels:

                                   Transmit (receive) (MHz)                         Receive (transmit) (MHz)
                                                              1560 MHz Separation
                       17710.0                                                                                    19270.0
                       17730.0                                                                                    19290.0
                       17750.0                                                                                    19310.0
                       17770.0                                                                                    19330.0
                       17790.0                                                                                    19350.0
                       17810.0                                                                                    19370.0
                       17830.0                                                                                    19390.0
                       17850.0                                                                                    19410.0
                       17870.0                                                                                    19430.0
                       17890.0                                                                                    19450.0
                       17910.0                                                                                    19470.0
                       17930.0                                                                                    19490.0
                       17950.0                                                                                    19510.0
                       17970.0                                                                                    19530.0
                       17990.0                                                                                    19550.0
                       18010.0                                                                                    19570.0
                       18030.0                                                                                    19590.0
                       18050.0                                                                                    19610.0
                       18070.0                                                                                    19630.0
                       18090.0                                                                                    19650.0
                       18110.0                                                                                    19670.0
                       18130.0                                                                                    19690.0

47 CFR 78.18(a)(4)(iv) (enhanced display)                                                                      page 18 of 54
47 CFR Part 78 (up to date as of 2/20/2024)
                                                                                                         47 CFR 78.18(a)(4)(v)
Cable Television Relay Service

                 (v) 40 MHz maximum authorized bandwidth channels:

                                    Transmit (receive) (MHz)                           Receive (transmit) (MHz)
                                                                1560 MHz Separation
                       17720.0                                                                                       19280.0
                       17760.0                                                                                       19320.0
                       17800.0                                                                                       19360.0
                       17840.0                                                                                       19400.0
                       17880.0                                                                                       19440.0
                       17920.0                                                                                       19480.0
                       17960.0                                                                                       19520.0
                       18000.0                                                                                       19560.0
                       18040.0                                                                                       19600.0
                       18080.0                                                                                       19640.0
                       18120.0                                                                                       19680.0

                (vi) 80 MHz maximum authorized bandwidth channels:

                                    Transmit (receive) (MHz)                           Receive (transmit) (MHz)
                                                                1560 MHz Separation
                       17740.0                                                                                       19300.0
                       17820.0                                                                                       19380.0
                       17900.0                                                                                       19460.0
                       17980.0                                                                                       19540.0
                       18060.0                                                                                       19620.0

           (5) 6425 to 6525 MHz—Mobile only. Paired and unpaired operations permitted. Use of this spectrum for
               direct delivery of video programs to the general public or multi-channel cable distribution is not
               permitted. This band is co-equally shared with mobile stations licensed pursuant to Parts 74 and 101
               of the Commission's Rules. The following channel plans apply.

                 (i)   1 MHz maximum authorized bandwidth channels.

                                  Transmit (or receive) (MHz)                         Receive (or transmit) (MHz)
                       6425.5                                             6475.5
                       6450.5                                             6500.5

                 (ii) 8 MHz maximum authorized bandwidth channels.

                                  Transmit (or receive) (MHz)                         Receive (or transmit) (MHz)
                       6430.0                                             6480.0
                       6438.0                                             6488.0
                       6446.0                                             6496.0

47 CFR 78.18(a)(5)(ii) (enhanced display)                                                                         page 19 of 54
47 CFR Part 78 (up to date as of 2/20/2024)
                                                                                                     47 CFR 78.18(a)(5)(iii)
Cable Television Relay Service

                                  Transmit (or receive) (MHz)                      Receive (or transmit) (MHz)
                        6455.0                                          6505.0
                        6463.0                                          6513.0
                        6471.0                                          6521.0

                (iii) 25 MHz maximum authorized bandwidth channels.

                                  Transmit (or receive) (MHz)                      Receive (or transmit) (MHz)
                        6437.5                                          6487.5
                        6462.5                                          6512.5

           (6) 1990–2110 MHz—Mobile only.

                 (i)   Use of this spectrum for direct delivery of video programs to the general public or multi-channel
                       cable distribution is not permitted. This band is co-equally shared with stations licensed
                       pursuant to parts 74 and 101 of the Commission's Rules. (Common carriers may use this band
                       pursuant to provisions of § 101.803(b)). The following channeling plan applies subject to the
                       provisions of § 74.604.

                Frequency Band (MHz)
                1990–2008

                2008–2025

                2025–2042

                2042–2059

                2059–2076

                2076–2093

                2093–2110

                 (ii) After a licensee has been relocated in accordance with the provisions of § 78.40, operations will
                      be in the band 2025–2110 MHz. The following channel plan will apply, subject to the provisions
                      of § 74.604 of this part:

                Frequency Band (MHz)
                2025.5–2037.5

                2037.5–2049.5

                2049.5–2061.5

47 CFR 78.18(a)(6)(ii) (enhanced display)                                                                    page 20 of 54
47 CFR Part 78 (up to date as of 2/20/2024)
                                                                                                      47 CFR 78.18(a)(7)
Cable Television Relay Service

                2061.5–2073.5

                2073.5–2085.5

                2085.5–2097.5

                2097.5–2109.5

           (7) 6875–7125 MHz—Mobile only. Use of this spectrum for direct delivery of video programs to the
               general public or multi-channel cable distribution is not permitted. This band is co-equally shared
               with stations licensed pursuant to parts 74 and 101 of the Commission's Rules. (Common carriers
               may use this band pursuant to provisions of § 101.803(b)). The following channeling plan applies
               subject to the provisions of § 74.604.

          Frequency Band (MHz)
          6875—6900

          6900—6925

          6925—6950

          6950—6975

          6975—7000

          7000—7025

          7025—7050

          7050—7075

          7075—7100

          7100—7125

     (b) Television Auxiliary Broadcast Service stations may be assigned channels in the band 12.70–13.20 GHz
         subject to the condition that no harmful interference is caused to fixed CARS stations authorized at the
         time of such grants. Translator Relay stations are assigned on a secondary basis. New CARS stations
         shall not cause harmful interference to television STL and intercity relay stations authorized at the time of
         such grants. Television pickup stations and CARS pickup stations will be assigned channels in the band
         on a co-equal basis subject to the conditions that they accept interference from and cause no
         interference to existing or subsequently authorized television STL, television intercity relay, or fixed CARS
         stations. Channels in the 13.150–13.200 GHz band will be assigned exclusively to television pickup and
         CARS pickup stations on a co-equal basis. A cable television system operator will normally be limited in

47 CFR 78.18(b) (enhanced display)                                                                        page 21 of 54
47 CFR Part 78 (up to date as of 2/20/2024)
                                                                                                            47 CFR 78.18(c)
Cable Television Relay Service

            any one area to the assignment of not more than three channels for CARS pickup use: Provided, however,
            That additional channels may be assigned upon a satisfactory showing that additional channels are
            necessary and are available.

     (c) An application for a CARS station shall be specific with regard to the channel or channels requested.
         Channels shall be identified by the appropriate designations set forth in paragraph (a) of this section.

     (d) For CARS Fixed stations using FM transmission with an authorized bandwidth per channel of 25 MHz, to
         conserve spectrum applicants are encouraged to use alternate A and B channels such that adjacent R.F.
         carriers are spaced 12.5 MHz. As example, a fixed station in the CARS, relaying several channels, would
         use A01, B01, A02, B02, A03, etc.

     (e) For CARS stations using vestigial sideband AM transmissions, channels from only the Groups C, D, E or F
         and those frequencies listed in paragraph (a)(4)(ii) of this section normally will be assigned a station,
         although upon adequate showing variations in the use of channels in Groups C, D, E or F and those
         frequencies listed in paragraph (a)(4)(ii) of this section may be authorized on a case-by-case basis in
         order to avoid potential interference or to permit a more efficient use. In situations where the number or
         the arrangement of channels available in these groups is not adequate, or in order to avoid potential
         interference, or in order to achieve the required VHF channelization arrangement on the cable television
         system or for repeated operations, or for two way transmission, or upon the showing of other good cause,
         the use of channels in the Groups C, D, E or F and those frequencies listed in paragraph (a)(4)(ii) of this
         section may be authorized. Applicants are encouraged to apply for adjacent channels within each group
         of channels, except that different channel arrangements may be authorized when required to conform to
         the required channelization arrangement at VHF on the cable television system, when it is necessary to
         transmit non-adjacent off-the-air channels or signals intended to fill non-adjacent slots in the spectrum, or
         to avoid potential interference, or upon other showing of good cause.

     (f) For vestigial sideband AM transmission, the assigned visual carrier frequency for each channel listed in
         Groups C, D, E or F and those frequencies listed in paragraph (a)(4)(ii) of this section shall be 1.25 MHz
         above the lower channel-edge frequency. The center frequency for the accompanying FM aural carrier in
         each channel shall be 4.5 MHz above the corresponding visual carrier frequency.

     (g) For CARS stations using double sideband AM transmission or FM transmission with authorized bandwidth
         of no more than 12.5 MHz, Group K channels normally will be assigned to a station, although upon
         adequate showing variations in the use of channels in Group K may be authorized on a case-by-case basis
         in order to avoid potential interference or to permit a more efficient use.

     (h) For double sideband AM transmission, the assigned carrier frequency for each channel listed in Group K
         shall be 6.25 MHz above the lower boundary frequency for each channel, and the sideband frequencies
         corresponding to the carrier frequency of the accompanying FM aural signal shall be 4.5 MHz above and
         below the visual carrier frequency.

      (i)   All stations shall employ no more than a 12.5 MHz authorized bandwidth per channel except in any one or
            more of the following circumstances:

            (1) The station is a CARS pickup station;

            (2) The transmission path is more than 16.1 km (10 miles) in length;

            (3) The station was authorized or an application was on file therefor prior to July 26, 1973.

            (4) Other good cause has been shown that use of a bandwidth of 12.5 MHz or less per channel would be
                inefficient, impractical, or otherwise contrary to the public interest.

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      (j)   Should any conflict arise among applications for stations in this band, priority will be based on the filing
            date of an application completed in accordance with the instructions thereon.

     (k) Applicants for Group K channels shall apply for adjacent channels and the requested channels shall
         overlap the least possible number of Group A channels, except that different channel arrangements may
         be authorized upon an adequate showing that the foregoing arrangement cannot be used or would be
         contrary to the public interest, or in order to avoid potential interference or to permit a more efficient use.

      (l)   The band 13.15–13.20 GHz is reserved for television pickup and CARS pickup stations inside a 50 km
            radius of the 100 television markets delineated in § 76.51 of this chapter. Outside a 50 km radius of the
            100 television markets delineated in § 76.51 of this chapter, television pickup stations, CARS stations and
            NGSO FSS gateway earth stations shall operate on a primary co-equal basis. The band 13.20–13.2125
            GHz is reserved for television pickup stations on a primary basis and CARS pickup stations on a
            secondary basis inside a 50 km radius of the 100 television markets delineated in § 76.51 of this chapter.
            Outside a 50 km radius of the 100 markets delineated in § 76.51 of this chapter, television pickup stations
            and NGSO FSS gateway earth stations shall operate on a co-primary basis, CARS stations shall operate on
            a secondary basis. Fixed television auxiliary stations licensed pursuant to applications accepted for filing
            before September 1, 1979, may continue operation on channels in the 13.15–13.25 GHz band, subject to
            periodic license renewals. NGSO FSS gateway uplink transmissions in the 13.15–13.2125 GHz segment
            shall be limited to a maximum EIRP of 3.2 dBW towards 0 degrees on the radio horizon. These provisions
            shall not apply to GSO FSS operations in the 12.75–13.25 GHz band.

     (m) CARS stations may be authorized for use of the band from 13.20 to 13.25 GHz on a secondary basis to
         Television Broadcast Auxiliary Stations. CARS stations are also secondary to NGSO FSS gateway earth
         station uplink operations. Any CARS application seeking authorization for use of the 13.20 to 13.25 GHz
         band must demonstrate that the applicant has exhausted all spectrum available to it in the 12.70 to 13.20
         GHz band. Applications for use of this band must specify whether the channels are 6 MHz, 12.5 MHz, or
         25 MHz wide and give the upper and lower boundaries and the polarization for each channel.

[37 FR 3292, Feb. 12, 1972. Redesignated at 37 FR 15926, Aug. 8, 1972]

Editorial Note: For FEDERAL REGISTER citations affecting § 78.18, see the List of CFR Sections Affected, which
appears in the Finding Aids section of the printed volume and at www.govinfo.gov.

§ 78.19 Interference.
     (a) Applications for CARS stations shall endeavor to select an assignable frequency or frequencies which will
         be least likely to result in interference to other licensees in the same area since the FCC itself does not
         undertake frequency coordination.

     (b) Applicants for CARS stations shall take full advantage of all known techniques, such as the geometric
         arrangement of transmitters and receivers, the use of minimum power required to provide the needed
         service, and the use of highly directive transmitting and receiving antenna systems, to prevent
         interference to the reception of television STL, television intercity relay, and other CARS stations.

     (c)

            (1) Radio Astronomy and Radio Research Installations. In order to minimize harmful interference at the
                National Radio Astronomy Observatory site located at Green Bank, Pocahontas County, W. Va., and
                at the Naval Radio Research Observatory at Sugar Grove, Pendleton County, W.Va., an applicant for

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                authority to construct a CARS station, except a CARS pickup station, or for authority to make
                changes in the frequency, power, antenna height, or antenna directivity of an existing station within
                the area bounded by 39°15′ N. on the north, 78°30′ W. on the east, 37°30′ N. on the south and 80°30′
                W. on the west shall, at the time of filing such application with the Commission, simultaneously
                notify the Director, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Post Office Box No. 2, Green Bank, WV
                24944, in writing, of the technical particulars of the proposed station. Such notification shall include
                the geographical coordinates of the antenna, antenna height, antenna directivity if any, proposed
                frequency, type of emission, and power. In addition, the applicant shall indicate in his application to
                the Commission the date notification was made to the Observatory. After receipt of such application,
                the Commission will allow a period of 20 days for comments or objections in response to the
                notifications indicated. If an objection to the proposed operation is received during the 20-day period
                from the National Radio Astronomy Observatory for itself or on behalf of the Naval Radio Research
                Observatory, the Commission will consider all aspects of the problem and take whatever action is
                deemed appropriate.

           (2) Any applicant for a new permanent base or fixed station authorization to be located on the islands of
               Puerto Rico, Desecheo, Mona, Vieques, and Culebra, or for a modification of an existing authorization
               which would change the frequency, power, antenna height, directivity, or location of a station on
               these islands and would increase the likelihood of the authorized facility causing interference, shall
               notify the Interference Office, Arecibo Observatory, HC3 Box 53995, Arecibo, Puerto Rico 00612, in
               writing or electronically, of the technical parameters of the proposal. Applicants may wish to consult
               interference guidelines, which will be provided by Cornell University. Applicants who choose to
               transmit information electronically should e-mail to: prcz@naic.edu.

                 (i)   The notification to the Interference Office, Arecibo Observatory shall be made prior to, or
                       simultaneously with, the filing of the application with the Commission. The notification shall
                       state the geographical coordinates of the transmit antenna (NAD–83 datum), antenna height
                       above ground, ground elevation at the antenna, antenna directivity and gain, proposed
                       frequency and FCC Rule Part, type of emission, effective isotropic radiated power, and whether
                       the proposed use is itinerant. Generally, submission of the information in the technical portion
                       of the FCC license application is adequate notification. In addition, the applicant shall indicate
                       in its application to the Commission the date notification was made to the Arecibo Observatory.

                 (ii) After receipt of such applications, the Commission will allow the Arecibo Observatory a period
                      of 20 days for comments or objections in response to the notification indicated. The applicant
                      will be required to make reasonable efforts in order to resolve or mitigate any potential
                      interference problem with the Arecibo Observatory and to file either an amendment to the
                      application or a modification application, as appropriate. If the Commission determines that an
                      applicant has satisfied its responsibility to make reasonable efforts to protect the Observatory
                      from interference, its application may be granted.

                (iii) The provisions of this paragraph do not apply to operations that transmit on frequencies above
                      15 GHz.

     (d) Protection for Table Mountain Radio Receiving Zone, Boulder County, Colorado: Applicants for a station
         authorization to operate in the vicinity of Boulder County, Colorado under this part are advised to give due
         consideration, prior to filing applications, to the need to protect the Table Mountain Radio Receiving Zone
         from harmful interference. These are the research laboratories of the Department of Commerce, Boulder
         County, Colorado. To prevent degradation of the present ambient radio signal level at the site, the
         Department of Commerce seeks to ensure that the field strengths of any radiated signals (excluding

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           reflected signals) received on this 1800 acre site (in the vicinity of coordinates 40°07′50″ N Latitude,
           105°14′40″ W Longitude) resulting from new assignments (other than mobile stations) or from the
           modification or relocation of existing facilities do not exceed the following values:

                                                             In authorized bandwidth of service
                Frequency range
                                              Field strength (mV/m)             Power flux density1 (dBW/m2)
            Below 540 kHz                                             10                                       −65.8
            540 to 1600 kHz                                           20                                       −59.8
                                                                                                           2
            1.6 to 470 MHz                                            10                                       −65.8
                                                                                                           2
            470 to 890 MHz                                            30                                       −56.2
            Above 890 MHz                                                1                                 2   −85.8

           1Equivalent values of power flux density are caculated assuming free space characteristic
           impedance of 376.7 = 120π ohms.

           2 Space stations shall conform to the power flux density limits at the earth's surface specified in
           appropriate parts of the FCC rules, but in no case should exceed the above levels in any 4 kHz band
           for all angles of arrival.

           (1) Advance consultation is recomended particularly for those applicants who have no reliable data
               which indicates whether the field strength or power flux density figures in the above table would be
               exceeded by their proposed radio facilities (except mobile stations). In such instances, the following
               is a suggested guide for determining whether coordination is recommended:

                 (i)   All stations within 2.4 km (1.5 statute miles);

                 (ii) Stations within 4.8 km (3 statute miles) with 50 watts or more effective radiated power (ERP) in
                      the primary plane of polarization in the azimuthal direction of the Table Mountain Radio
                      Receiving Zone;

                (iii) Stations within 16 km (10 statute miles) with 1 kW or more ERP in the primary plane of
                      polarization in the azimuthal direction of the Table Mountain Radio Receiving Zone;

                (iv) Stations within 80 km (50 statute miles) with 25 kW or more ERP in the primary plane of
                     polarization in the azimuthal direction of the Table Mountain Radio Receiving Zone.

           (2) Applicants concerned are urged to communicate with the Radio Frequency Management
               Coordinator, Department of Commerce, Research Support Services, NOAA R/E5X2, Boulder
               Laboratories, Boulder, CO 80303; telephone (303) 497–6548, in advance of filing their applications
               with the Commission.

           (3) The Commission will not screen applications to determine whether advance consultation has taken
               place. However, applicants are advised that such consultation can avoid objections from the
               Department of Commerce or proceedings to modify any authorization which may be granted which,
               in fact, delivers a signal at the site in excess of the field strength specified herein.

     (e) Protection for Federal Communications Commission monitoring stations:

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           (1) Applicants in the vicinity of an FCC monitoring station for a radio station authorization to operate
               new transmitting facilities or changed transmitting facilities which would increase the field strength
               produced over the monitoring station over that previously authorized are advised to give
               consideration, prior to filing applications, to the possible need to protect the FCC stations from
               harmful interference. Geographical coordinates of the facilities which require protection are listed in
               § 0.121(c) of the Commission's Rules. Applications for stations (except mobile stations) which will
               produce on any frequency a direct wave fundamental field strength of greater than 10 mV/m in the
               authorized bandwidth of service (−65.8 dBW/m2 power flux density assuming a free space
               characteristic impedance of 120 ohms) at the referenced coordinates, may be examined to
               determine extent of possible interference. Depending on the theoretical field strength value and
               existing root-sum-square or other ambient radio field signal levels at the indicated coordinates, a
               clause protecting the monitoring station may be added to the station authorization.

           (2) In the event that calculated value of expected field exceeds 10 mV/m (−65.8 dBW/m2) at the
               reference coordinates, or if there is any question whether field strength levels might exceed the
               threshold value, advance consultation with the FCC to discuss any protection necessary should be
               considered. Prospective applicants may communicate with the Public Safety and Homeland Security
               Bureau, Federal Communications Commission, Washington, DC 20554.

           (3) Advance consultation is suggested particularly for those applicants who have no reliable data which
               indicates whether the field strength or power flux density figure indicated would be exceeded by their
               proposed radio facilities (except mobile stations). In such instances, the following is a suggested
               guide for determining whether an applicant should coordinate:

                 (i)   All stations within 2.4 kilometers (1.5 statute miles);

                 (ii) Stations within 4.8 kilometers (3 statute miles) with 50 watts or more average effective radiated
                      power (ERP) in the primary plane of polarization in the azimuthal direction of the Monitoring
                      Stations.

                (iii) Stations within 16 kilometers (10 statute miles) with 1 kW or more average ERP in the primary
                      plane of polarization in the azimuthal direction of the Monitoring Station;

                (iv) Stations within 80 kilometers (50 statute miles) with 25 kW or more average ERP in the primary
                     plane of polarization in the azimuthal direction of the Monitoring Station;

           (4) Advance coordination for stations operating above 1000 MHz is recommended only where the
               proposed station is in the vicinity of a monitoring station designated as a satellite monitoring facility
               in section 0.121(c) of the Commission's Rules and also meets the criteria outlined in paragraphs (f)
               (2) and (3) of this section.

           (5) The Commission will not screen applications to determine whether advance consultation has taken
               place. However, applicants are advised that such consultation can avoid objections from the Federal
               Communications Commission or modification of any authorization which will cause harmful
               interference.

     (f) 17.7–19.7 GHz band. The following exclusion areas and coordination areas are established to minimize or
         avoid harmful interference to Federal Government earth stations receiving in the 17.7–19.7 GHz band:

           (1) No application seeking authority to operate in the 17.7–19.7 GHz band will be accepted for filing if
               the proposed station is located within 50 km of Denver, CO (39°43′ N., 104°46′ W.) or Washington, DC
               (38°48′ N., 76°52′ W.).

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           (2) Any application seeking authority for a new fixed station license supporting the operations of
               Multichannel Video Programming Distributors (MVPD) in the 17.7–17.8 GHz band or to operate in
               the 17.8–19.7 GHz band for any service, or for modification of an existing station license in these
               bands which would change the frequency, power, emission, modulation, polarization, antenna height
               or directivity, or location of such a station, must be coordinated with the Federal Government by the
               Commission before an authorization will be issued, if the station or proposed station is located in
               whole or in part within any of the following areas:

                 (i)   Denver, CO area:

                       (A) Between latitudes 41°30′ N. and 38°30′ N. and between longitudes 103°10′ W. and 106°30′
                           W.

                       (B) Between latitudes 38°30′ N. and 37°30′ N. and between longitudes 105°00′ W. and 105°50′
                           W.

                       (C) Between latitudes 40°08′ N. and 39°56′ N. and between longitudes 107°00′ W. and 107°15′
                           W.

                 (ii) Washington, DC area:

                       (A) Between latitudes 38°40′ N. and 38°10′ N. and between longitudes 78°50′ W. and 79°20′ W.

                       (B) Within 178 km of 38°48′ N, 76°52′ W.

                (iii) San Miguel, CA area:

                       (A) Between latitudes 34°39′ N. and 34°00′ N. and between longitudes 118°52′ W. and 119°24′
                           W.

                       (B) Within 200 km of 35°44′ N., 120°45′ W.

                (iv) Guam area: Within 100 km of 13°35′ N., 144°51′ E.

           Note to § 78.19(f): The coordinates cited in this section are specified in terms of the “North
           American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83).

[37 FR 3292, Feb. 12, 1972]

Editorial Note: For FEDERAL REGISTER citations affecting § 78.19, see the List of CFR Sections Affected, which
appears in the Finding Aids section of the printed volume and at www.govinfo.gov.

§ 78.20 Acceptance of applications; public notice.
     (a) Applications which are tendered for filing are dated upon receipt and then forwarded to the Media Bureau
         where an examination is made to ascertain whether the applications are complete. Applications found to
         be complete or substantially complete, are accepted for filing and are given a file number. In case of
         minor defects as to completeness, the applicant will be required to supply the missing information.
         Applications which are not substantially complete will be returned to the applicant. Applications requiring
         fees as set forth at part 1, subpart G, of this chapter must be filed in accordance with § 0.401(b) of this
         chapter.

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     (b) Acceptance of an application for filing means only that it has been the subject of a preliminary review by
         the Commission's administrative staff as to completeness. Applications which are determined to be
         clearly not in accordance with the Commission's rules or other requirements, unless accompanied by an
         appropriate request for waiver, will be considered defective and will not be accepted for filing, or if
         inadvertently accepted for filing, will be dismissed. Requests for waiver shall show the nature of the
         waiver or exception desired and shall set forth the reasons in support thereof.

     (c) The Commission will give public notice of all applications and major amendments thereto which have
         been accepted for filing. No application shall be acted on less than thirty (30) days from the date of public
         notice.

[37 FR 15926, Aug. 8, 1972, as amended at 52 FR 10231, Mar. 31, 1987; 67 FR 13235, Mar. 21, 2002; 68 FR 27004, May 19, 2003]

§ 78.21 Dismissal of applications.
     (a) Any application may, on request of the applicant, be dismissed without prejudice as a matter of right prior
         to the adoption date of any final action taken by the Commission with respect to the application. An
         applicant's request for the return of an application will be regarded as a request for dismissal.

     (b) Failure to prosecute an application, or failure to respond to official correspondence or request for
         additional information, will be cause for dismissal. Such dismissal will be without prejudice if it occurs
         prior to the adoption date of any final action taken by the Commission with respect to the application.

[37 FR 15927, Aug. 8, 1972]

§ 78.22 Objections to applications.
     (a) Any party in interest may file a petition to deny any application (whether as originally filed or as amended)
         no later than thirty (30) days after issuance of a public notice of the acceptance for filing of any such
         application or amendment thereto. Petitions to deny shall contain specific allegations of fact sufficient to
         show that the petitioner is a party in interest and that a grant of the application would be prima facie
         inconsistent with the public interest, convenience, and necessity. Such allegations of fact shall, except for
         those of which official notice may be taken, be supported by affidavit of a person or persons with personal
         knowledge thereof.

     (b) The applicant may file an opposition to any petition to deny, and the petitioner may file a reply to such
         opposition (see § 1.45 of this chapter), in which allegations of fact or denials thereof shall be supported
         by affidavit of a person or persons with personal knowledge thereof.

     (c) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (a) of this section, before Commission action on any
         application for an instrument of authorization, any person may file informal objections to the grant. Such
         objections may be submitted in letter form (without extra copies) and shall be signed by the objector. The
         limitation on pleadings and time for filing pleadings provided for in § 1.45 of this chapter shall not be
         applicable to any objections duly filed pursuant to this paragraph.

[37 FR 15927, Aug. 8, 1972, as amended at 50 FR 23421, June 4, 1985]

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§ 78.23 Equipment tests.
     (a) Following the grant of a CARS license, the licensee, during the process of construction of the station, may,
         without further authority from the Commission, conduct equipment tests for the purpose of such
         adjustments and measurements as may be necessary to assure compliance with the terms of the
         authorization, the technical provisions of the application therefore, the rules and regulations, and the
         applicable engineering standards.

     (b) The Commission may notify the licensee to conduct no tests or may cancel, suspend, or change the date
         for the beginning of equipment tests as and when such action may appear to be in the public interest,
         convenience, and necessity.

     (c) The test authorized in this section shall be conducted only as a necessary part of construction.

[50 FR 23421, June 4, 1985]

§ 78.27 License conditions.
     (a) Authorizations (including initial grants, modifications, assignments or transfers of control, and renewals)
         in the Cable Television Relay Service to serve cable television systems and other eligible systems, shall
         contain the condition that cable television systems shall operate in compliance with the provisions of part
         76 (Cable Television Service) of this chapter and that other eligible systems shall operate in compliance
         with the provisions of part 21 and part 74 of this chapter.

     (b) CARS stations licensed under this subpart are required to commence operation within one year of the
         date of the license grant.

           (1) The licensee of a CARS station shall notify the Commission in writing when the station commences
               operation. Such notification shall be submitted on or before the last day of the authorized one year
               construction period; otherwise, the station license shall be automatically forfeited.

           (2) CARS licensees needing additional time to complete construction of the station and commence
               operation shall request an extension of time 30 days before the expiration of the one year
               construction period. Exceptions to the 30-day advance filing requirement may be granted where
               unanticipated delays occur.

[50 FR 23421, June 4, 1985, as amended at 55 FR 46015, Oct. 31, 1990; 69 FR 57862, Sept. 28, 2004]

§ 78.29 License period.
Licenses for CARS stations will be issued for a period not to exceed five (5) years. On and after February 1, 1966,
licenses for CARS stations ordinarily will be issued for a period expiring on February 1, 1971, and, when regularly
renewed, at 5-year intervals thereafter. When a license is granted subsequent to the last renewal date for CARS
stations, the license will be issued only for the unexpired period of the current license term of such stations. The
license renewal date applicable to CARS stations may be varied as necessary to permit the orderly processing of
renewal applications, and individual station licenses may be granted or renwed for a shorter period of time than that
generally prescribed for CARS stations, if the Commission finds that the public interest, convenience, and necessity
would be served by such action.

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§ 78.30 Forfeiture and termination of station authorizations.
     (a) A CARS license will be automatically forfeited in whole or in part without further notice to the licensee
         upon the voluntary removal or alteration of the facilities, so as to render the station not operational for a
         period of 30 days or more.

     (b) If a station licensed under this part discontinues operation on a permanent basis, the licensee must
         cancel the license. For purposes of this section, any station which has not operated for one year or more
         is considered to have been permanently discontinued.

[69 FR 57862, Sept. 28, 2004]

§ 78.31 Temporary extension of license.
Where there is pending before the Commission any application, investigation, or proceeding which, after hearing,
might lead to or make necessary the modification of, revocation of or the refusal to renew an existing cable
television relay station license, the Commission will grant a temporary extension of such license: Provided, however,
That no such temporary extension shall be construed as a finding by the Commission that the operation of any
CARS station thereunder will serve the public interest, convenience, and necessity beyond the express terms of such
temporary extension of license: And provided, further, That such temporary extension of license will in nowise affect
or limit the action of the Commission with respect to any pending application or proceeding.

§ 78.33 Special temporary authority.
     (a) Notwithstanding the requirements of §§ 78.15 and 78.20, in circumstances requiring immediate or
         temporary use of facilities, a request may be made for special temporary authority to install and operate
         new equipment or to operate licensed equipment in a manner different from that authorized in a station
         license. Any such request may be in letter form, and shall be submitted in duplicate: Provided, however,
         That in cases of emergency involving danger to life or property or due to damage to equipment, such
         request may be made by telephone or telegraph with the understanding that a written request shall be
         submitted within ten (10) days thereafter.

     (b) Special temporary authority may also be requested to conduct a field survey to determine necessary data
         in connection with the preparation of a formal application for installation of a radio system under this
         part. Such authority may be granted to equipment suppliers and others who are not operators of cable
         television systems or other eligible systems, as well as to cable operators or other eligible system
         operators, to conduct equipment, program, service, and path tests.

     (c) Any request for special temporary authority shall be clear and complete within itself as to the authority
         requested. In addition, such requests shall contain the following information:

           (1) Name, address, and citizenship of applicant;

           (2) Grounds for special action, including a description of any emergency or damage to equipment;

           (3) Type of operation to be conducted;

           (4) Purpose of operation;

           (5) Time and date of proposed operation;

           (6) Class of station and nature of service;

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           (7) Location of station;

           (8) Equipment to be used, specifying manufacturer, model number, and number of units;

           (9) Frequency or frequencies desired, consistent with § 78.18: Provided, however, That in the case of
               events of widespread interest and importance that cannot be transmitted successfully on these
               frequencies, frequencies assigned to other services may be requested on a showing that operation
               thereon will not cause interference to established stations: And provided, further, That in no case will
               a cable television relay service operation be authorized on frequencies employed for the safety of life
               and property;

          (10) Plate power input to final radio frequency stage;

          (11) Type of emission;

          (12) Description of antenna to be used, including height. In the event that the proposed antenna
               installations will increase the height of any natural formation, or existing manmade structure, by
               more than 6.1 meters (20 feet), a vertical plan sketch showing the height of the structures proposed
               to be erected, the height above ground of any existing structure, the elevation of the site above mean
               sea level, and the geographic coordinates of the proposed sites shall be submitted with the
               application.

     (d) Except in emergencies involving safety of life or property or due to damage to equipment, a request for
         special temporary authority shall be filed at least ten (10) days prior to the date of proposed operation, or
         shall be accompanied by a statement of reasons for the delay in submitting such request.

     (e) If the Commission finds that special temporary authority is in the public interest, it may grant such
         authority for a period not exceeding ninety (90) days, and, on a like finding, may extend such authority for
         one additional period not to exceed ninety (90) days.

[37 FR 15927, Aug. 8, 1972, as amended at 55 FR 46015, Oct. 31, 1990; 58 FR 44952, Aug. 25, 1993]

§ 78.35 Assignment or transfer of control.
     (a) No assignment of the license of a cable television relay station or transfer of control of a CARS licensee
         shall occur without prior FCC authorization.

     (b) If an assignment or transfer of control does not involve a substantial change of interests, the provisions of
         §§ 78.20(c) and 78.22, concerning public notice and objections, shall be waived.

     (c) Licensees of CARS stations are not required to submit applications for assignment or transfer of control
         or otherwise notify the FCC in cases where the change in ownership does not affect the identity or
         controlling interest of the licensee.

     (d) If an assignment or transfer of control involves a substantial change of interest, and requires prior FCC
         approval, the CARS licensee is required to file FCC Form 327 with the Commission.

     (e) Licensees are required to notify the Commission of consummation of an approved transfer or
         assignment. The assignee or transferee is responsible for providing this notification, including the date
         the transaction was consummated. The transaction must be consummated and notification provided to
         the Commission within 60 days of public notice of approval, and notification of consummation must
         occur no later than 30 days after actual consummation, unless a request for an extension of time to
         consummate is filed.

47 CFR 78.35(e) (enhanced display)                                                                         page 31 of 54
47 CFR Part 78 (up to date as of 2/20/2024)
                                                                                                          47 CFR 78.36
Cable Television Relay Service

[37 FR 15927, Aug. 8, 1972, as amended at 50 FR 23421, June 4, 1985; 68 FR 27004, May 19, 2003]

§ 78.36 Frequency coordination.
     (a) Coordination of all frequency assignments for fixed stations in all bands above 2110 MHz, and for mobile
         (temporary fixed) stations in the bands 6425–6525 MHz and 17.7–19.7 GHz, will be in accordance with
         the procedure established in paragraph (b) of this section, except that the prior coordination process for
         mobile (temporary fixed) assignments may be completed orally and the period allowed for response to a
         coordination notification may be less than 30 days if the parties agree. Coordination of all frequency
         assignments for all mobile (temporary fixed) stations in all bands above 2110 MHz, except the bands
         6425–6525 MHz and 17.7–19.7 GHz, will be conducted in accordance with the procedure established in
         paragraph (b) of this section or with the procedure in paragraph (d) of this section. Coordination of all
         frequency assignments for all fixed stations in the band 1990–2110 MHz will be in accordance with the
         procedure established in paragraph (c) of this section. Coordination of all frequency assignments for all
         mobile (temporary fixed) stations in the band 1990–2110 MHz will be conducted in accordance with the
         procedure in paragraph (d) of this section.

     (b) For each frequency coordinated under this part, the interference protection criteria in 47 CFR 101.105(a),
         (b), and (c) and the following frequency usage coordination procedures will apply:

           (1) General requirements. Proposed frequency usage must be prior coordinated with existing licensees,
               permittees, and applicants in the area, and other applicants with previously filed applications, whose
               facilities could affect or be affected by the new proposal in terms of frequency interference on active
               channels, applied-for channels, or channels coordinated for future growth. Coordination must be
               completed prior to filing an application for regular authorization, or a major amendment to a pending
               application, or any major modification to a license. In coordinating frequency usage with stations in
               the fixed satellite service, applicants must also comply with the requirements of 47 CFR 101.21(f). In
               engineering a system or modification thereto, the applicant must, by appropriate studies and
               analyses, select sites, transmitters, antennas and frequencies that will avoid interference in excess
               of permissible levels to other users. All applicants and licensees must cooperate fully and make
               reasonable efforts to resolve technical problems and conflicts that may inhibit the most effective
               and efficient use of the radio spectrum; however, the party being coordinated with is not obligated to
               suggest changes or re-engineer a proposal in cases involving conflicts. Applicants should make
               every reasonable effort to avoid blocking the growth of systems as prior coordinated. The applicant
               must identify in the application all entities with which the technical proposal was coordinated. In the
               event that technical problems are not resolved, an explanation must be submitted with the
               application. Where technical problems are resolved by an agreement or operating arrangement
               between the parties that would require special procedures be taken to reduce the likelihood of
               interference in excess of permissible levels (such as the use of artificial site shielding) or would
               result in a reduction of quality or capacity of either system, the details thereof may be contained in
               the application.

           (2) Coordination procedure guidelines are as follows:

                 (i)   Coordination involves two separate elements: Notification and response. Both or either may be
                       oral or in written form. To be acceptable for filing, all applications and major technical
                       amendments must certify that coordination, including response, has been completed. The
                       names of the licensees, permittees and applicants with which coordination was accomplished
                       must be specified. If such notice and/or response is oral, the party providing such notice or
                       response must supply written documentation of the communication upon request;

47 CFR 78.36(b)(2)(i) (enhanced display)                                                                  page 32 of 54
47 CFR Part 78 (up to date as of 2/20/2024)
                                                                                                    47 CFR 78.36(b)(2)(ii)
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                 (ii) Notification must include relevant technical details of the proposal. At minimum, this should
                      include, as applicable, the following:

                      (A) Applicant's name and address,

                      (B) Transmitting station name,

                      (C) Transmitting station coordinates,

                      (D) Frequencies and polarizations to be added, changed or deleted,

                      (E) Transmitting equipment type, its stability, actual output power, emission designator, and
                          type of modulation (loading),

                      (F) Transmitting antenna type(s), model, gain and, if required, a radiation pattern provided or
                          certified by the manufacturer,

                      (G) Transmitting antenna center line height(s) above ground level and ground elevation above
                          mean sea level,

                      (H) Receiving station name,

                      (I)   Receiving station coordinates,

                      (J) Receiving antenna type(s), model, gain, and, if required, a radiation pattern provided or
                          certified by the manufacturer,

                      (K) Receiving antenna center line height(s) above ground level and ground elevation above
                          mean sea level,

                      (L) Path azimuth and distance,

                      (M) Estimated transmitter transmission line loss expressed in dB,

                      (N) Estimated receiver transmission line loss expressed in dB,

                      (O) For a system utilizing ATPC, maximum transmit power, coordinated transmit power, and
                          nominal transmit power.

                            Note to paragraph (b)(2)(ii): The position location of antenna sites shall be
                            determined to an accuracy of no less than ±1 second in the horizontal dimensions
                            (latitude and longitude) and ±1 meter in the vertical dimension (ground elevation)
                            with respect to the National Spacial Reference System.

                (iii) For transmitters employing digital modulation techniques, the notification should clearly identify
                      the type of modulation. Upon request, additional details of the operating characteristics of the
                      equipment must also be furnished;

                (iv) Response to notification should be made as quickly as possible, even if no technical problems
                     are anticipated. Any response to notification indicating potential interference must specify the
                     technical details and must be provided to the applicant, in writing, within the 30-day notification
                     period. Every reasonable effort should be made by all applicants, permittees and licensees to

47 CFR 78.36(b)(2)(iv) (enhanced display)                                                                   page 33 of 54
47 CFR Part 78 (up to date as of 2/20/2024)
                                                                                                      47 CFR 78.36(b)(2)(v)
Cable Television Relay Service

                      eliminate all problems and conflicts. If no response to notification is received within 30 days,
                      the applicant will be deemed to have made reasonable efforts to coordinate and may file its
                      application without a response;

                 (v) The 30-day notification period is calculated from the date of receipt by the applicant, permittee,
                     or licensee being notified. If notification is by mail, this date may be ascertained by:

                      (A) The return receipt on certified mail;

                      (B) The enclosure of a card to be dated and returned by the recipient; or

                      (C) A conservative estimate of the time required for the mail to reach its destination. In the
                          last case, the estimated date when the 30-day period would expire should be stated in the
                          notification.

                (vi) An expedited prior coordination period (less than 30 days) may be requested when deemed
                     necessary by a notifying party. The coordination notice should be identified as “expedited” and
                     the requested response date should be clearly indicated. However, circumstances preventing a
                     timely response from the receiving party should be accommodated accordingly. It is the
                     responsibility of the notifying party to receive written concurrence (or verbal, with written to
                     follow) from affected parties or their coordination representatives.

                (vii) All technical problems that come to light during coordination must be resolved unless a
                      statement is included with the application to the effect that the applicant is unable or unwilling
                      to resolve the conflict and briefly the reason therefore;

                (viii) Where a number of technical changes become necessary for a system during the course of
                       coordination, an attempt should be made to minimize the number of separate notifications for
                       these changes. Where the changes are incorporated into a completely revised notice, the items
                       that were changed from the previous notice should be identified. When changes are not
                       numerous or complex, the party receiving the changed notification should make an effort to
                       respond in less than 30 days. When the notifying party believes a shorter response time is
                       reasonable and appropriate, it may be helpful for that party to so indicate in the notice and
                       perhaps suggest a response date;

                (ix) If, after coordination is successfully completed, it is determined that a subsequent change
                     could have no impact on some parties receiving the original notification, these parties must be
                     notified of the change and of the coordinator's opinion that no response is required;

                 (x) Applicants, permittees and licensees should supply to all other applicants, permittees and
                     licensees within their areas of operations, the name, address and telephone number of their
                     coordination representatives. Upon request from coordinating applicants, permittees and
                     licensees, data and information concerning existing or proposed facilities and future growth
                     plans in the area of interest should be furnished unless such request is unreasonable or would
                     impose a significant burden in compilation;

                (xi) Parties should keep other parties with whom they are coordinating advised of changes in plans
                     for facilities previously coordinated. If applications have not been filed 6 months after
                     coordination was initiated, parties may assume that such frequency use is no longer desired
                     unless a second notification has been received within 10 days of the end of the 6 month period.
                     Renewal notifications are to be sent to all originally notified parties, even if coordination has not
                     been successfully completed with those parties; and

47 CFR 78.36(b)(2)(xi) (enhanced display)                                                                    page 34 of 54
47 CFR Part 78 (up to date as of 2/20/2024)
                                                                                                   47 CFR 78.36(b)(2)(xii)
Cable Television Relay Service

                (xii) Any frequency reserved by a licensee for future use in the bands subject to this part must be
                      released for use by another licensee, permittee, or applicant upon a showing by the latter that it
                      requires an additional frequency and cannot coordinate one that is not reserved for future use.

     (c) For each frequency coordinated under this part, the following frequency usage coordination procedures
         will apply:

           (1) General requirements. Applicants are responsible for selecting the frequency assignments that are
               least likely to result in mutual interference with other licensees in the same area. Applicants may
               consult local frequency coordination committees, where they exist, for information on frequencies
               available in the area. Proposed frequency usage must be coordinated with existing licensees and
               applicants in the area whose facilities could affect or be affected by the new proposal in terms of
               frequency interference on active channels, applied-for channels, or channels coordinated for future
               growth. Coordination must be completed prior to filing an application for regular authorization, for
               major amendment to a pending application, or for major modification to a license.

           (2) To be acceptable for filing, all applications for regular authorization, or major amendment to a
               pending application, or major modification to a license, must include a certification attesting that all
               co-channel and adjacent-channel licensees and applicants potentially affected by the proposed fixed
               use of the frequency(ies) have been notified and are in agreement that the proposed facilities can be
               installed without causing harmful interference to those other licensees and applicants.

     (d) For each frequency coordinated under this part, applicants are responsible for selecting the frequency
         assignments that are least likely to result in mutual interference with other licensees in the same area.
         Applicants may consult local frequency coordination committees, where they exist, for information on
         frequencies available in the area. In selecting frequencies, consideration should be given to the relative
         location of receive points, normal transmission paths, and the nature of the contemplated operation.

[68 FR 12774, Mar. 17, 2003, as amended at 75 FR 17061, Apr. 5, 2010]

§ 78.40 Transition of the 1990–2025 MHz band from the Cable Television Relay Service to
emerging technologies.
     (a) New Entrants are collectively defined as those licensees proposing to use emerging technologies to
         implement Mobile Satellite Services in the 2000–2020 MHz band (MSS licensees), those licensees
         authorized after July 1, 2004 to implement new Fixed and Mobile services in the 1990–1995 MHz band,
         and those licensees authorized after September 9, 2004 in the 1995–2000 MHz and 2020–2025 MHz
         bands. New entrants may negotiate with Cable Television Relay Service licensees operating on a primary
         basis and fixed service licensees operating on a primary basis in the 1990–2025 MHz band (Existing
         Licensees) for the purpose of agreeing to terms under which the Existing Licensees would relocate their
         operations to the 2025–2110 MHz band, to other authorized bands, or to other media; or, alternatively,
         would accept a sharing arrangement with the New Entrants that may result in an otherwise impermissible
         level of interference to the Existing Licensee's operations. New licensees in the 1995–2000 MHz and
         2020–2025 MHz bands are subject to the specific relocation procedures adopted in WT Docket 04–356.

     (b) Existing Licensees in the 1990–2025 MHz band allocated for licensed emerging technology services will
         maintain primary status in the band until a New Entrant completes relocation of the Existing Licensee's
         operations or the Existing Licensee indicates to a New Entrant that it declines to be relocated.

     (c) The Commission will amend the operating license of the Existing Licensee to secondary status only if the
         following requirements are met:

47 CFR 78.40(c) (enhanced display)                                                                          page 35 of 54
47 CFR Part 78 (up to date as of 2/20/2024)
                                                                                                          47 CFR 78.40(c)(1)
Cable Television Relay Service

           (1) The service applicant, provider, licensee, or representative using an emerging technology guarantees
               payment of all relocation costs, including all engineering, equipment, site and FCC fees, as well as
               any reasonable additional costs that the relocated Existing Licensee might incur as a result of
               operation in another authorized band or migration to another medium;

           (2) The New Entrant completes all activities necessary for implementing the replacement facilities,
               including engineering and cost analysis of the relocation procedure and, if radio facilities are used,
               identifying and obtaining, on the incumbents' behalf, new microwave or Cable Television Relay
               Service frequencies and frequency coordination.

           (3) The New Entrant builds the replacement system and tests it for comparability with the existing
               system.

     (d) The Existing Licensee is not required to relocate until the alternative facilities are available to it for a
         reasonable time to make adjustments, determine comparability, and ensure a seamless handoff.

     (e) If, within one year after the relocation to new facilities the Existing Licensee demonstrates that the new
         facilities are not comparable to the former facilities, the New Entrant must remedy the defect.

     (f) Subject to the terms of this paragraph (f), the relocation of Existing Licensees will be carried out by MSS
         licensees in the following manner:

           (1) Existing Licensees and MSS licensees may negotiate individually or collectively for relocation of
               Existing Licensees to one of the channel plans specified in § 74.602(a)(3) of this part. Parties may
               not decline to negotiate, though Existing Licensees may decline to be relocated.

                 (i)   MSS licensees may relocate all Existing Licensees in Nielsen Designated Market Areas (DMAs)
                       1–30, as such DMAs existed on September 6, 2000, except those Existing Licensees that
                       decline relocation. Such relocation negotiations shall be conducted as “mandatory
                       negotiations,” as that term is used in § 101.73 of this chapter. If these parties are unable to
                       reach a negotiated agreement, MSS Licensees may involuntarily relocate such Existing
                       Licensees after December 8, 2004.

                 (ii) [Reserved]

                (iii) On the date that the first MSS licensee begins operations in the 2000–2020 MHz band, a one-
                      year mandatory negotiation period begins between MSS licensees and Existing Licensees in
                      DMAs 31–210, as such DMAs existed on September 6, 2000. After the end of the mandatory
                      negotiation period, MSS licensees may involuntary relocate any Existing Licensees with which
                      they have been unable to reach a negotiated agreement. As described elsewhere in this
                      paragraph (f), MSS Licensees are obligated to relocate these Existing Licensees within the
                      specified three- and five-year time periods.

           (2) Before negotiating with MSS licensees, Existing Licensees in Nielsen Designated Market Areas
               where there is a BAS frequency coordinator must coordinate and select a band plan for the market
               area. If an Existing Licensee wishes to operate in the 2025–2110 MHz band using the channel plan
               specified in § 78.18(a)(6)(i) of this part, then all licensees within that Existing Licensee's market
               must agree to such operation and all must operate on a secondary basis to any licensee operating
               on the channel plan specified in § 78.18(a)(6)(ii). All negotiations must produce solutions that
               adhere to the market area's band plan.

         (3)–(4) [Reserved]

47 CFR 78.40(f)(3) (enhanced display)                                                                          page 36 of 54
47 CFR Part 78 (up to date as of 2/20/2024)
                                                                                                             47 CFR 78.40(f)(5)
Cable Television Relay Service

           (5) As of the date the first MSS Licensee begins operations in the 1990–2025 MHz band, MSS Licensees
               must relocate Existing Licensees in DMAs 31–100, as they existed as of September 6, 2000, within
               three years, and in the remaining DMAs, as they existed as of September 6, 2000, within five years.

           (6) On December 9, 2013, all Existing Licensees will become secondary in the 1990–2025 MHz band.
               Upon written demand by any MSS Licensee, Existing Licensees must cease operations in the
               1990–2025 MHz band within six months.

[65 FR 48181, Aug. 7, 2000, as amended at 67 FR 53756, Aug. 19, 2002; 68 FR 68253, Dec. 8, 2003; 69 FR 62622, Oct. 27, 2004; 69
FR 67836, Nov. 22, 2004; 74 FR 29613, June 23, 2009]

Subpart C—General Operating Requirements
§ 78.51 Remote control operation.
     (a) A CARS station may be operated by remote control: Provided, That such operation is conducted in
         accordance with the conditions listed below: And provided further, That the Commission, in Washington,
         DC, is notified at least 10 days prior to the beginning of such operation and that such notification is
         accompanied by a detailed description showing the manner of compliance with the following conditions:

           (1) The transmitter and associated control system shall be installed and protected in a manner designed
               to prevent tampering or operation by unauthorized persons.

           (2) An operator shall be on duty at the remote control position and in actual charge thereof at all times
               when the station is in operation.

           (3) Facilities shall be provided at the control position which will permit the operator to turn the
               transmitter on and off at will. The control position shall also be equipped with suitable devices for
               observing the overall characteristics of the transmissions and a carrier operated device which will
               give a continuous visual indication whenever the transmitting antenna is radiating a signal. The
               transmitting apparatus shall be inspected as often as may be necessary to insure proper operation.

           (4) The control circuits shall be so designed and installed that short circuits, open circuits, other line
               faults, or any other cause which would result in loss of control of the transmitter will automatically
               cause the transmitter to cease radiating.

     (b) An application for authority to construct a new station or to make changes in the facilities of an existing
         station and which proposes operation by remote control shall include an adequate showing of the manner
         of compliance with the requirements of this section.

     (c) The Commission may notify the licensee not to commence remote control operation, or to cancel,
         suspend, or change the date of the beginning of such operation as and when such action may appear to
         be in the public interest, convenience, or necessity.

[37 FR 3292, Feb. 12, 1972, as amended at 41 FR 29695, July 19, 1976; 49 FR 20671, May 16, 1984; 50 FR 23421, June 4, 1985]

§ 78.53 Unattended operation.
     (a) A CARS station may be operated unattended: Provided, That such operation is conducted in accordance
         with the conditions listed below: And provided further, That the Commission, in Washington, DC, is notified
         at least 10 days prior to the beginning of unattended operation if such operation is not indicated on the
         station authorization.

47 CFR 78.53(a) (enhanced display)                                                                               page 37 of 54
47 CFR Part 78 (up to date as of 2/20/2024)
                                                                                                              47 CFR 78.53(a)(1)
Cable Television Relay Service

           (1) The transmitter and associated control circuits shall be installed and protected in a manner designed
               to prevent tampering or operation by unauthorized persons.

           (2) If the transmitting apparatus is located at a site which is not readily accessible at all hours and in all
               seasons, means shall be provided for turning the transmitter on and off at will from a location which
               can be reached promptly at all hours and in all seasons.

           (3) Personnel responsible for the maintenance of the station shall be available on call at a location
               which will assure expeditious performance of such technical servicing and maintenance as may be
               necessary whenever the station is operating. In lieu thereof, arrangements may be made to have a
               person or persons available at all times when the transmitter is operating, to turn the transmitter off
               in the event that it is operating improperly. The transmitter may not be restored to operation until the
               malfunction has been corrected by a technically qualified person.

           (4) The station licensee shall be responsible for the proper operation of the station at all times and is
               expected to provide for observations, servicing and maintenance as often as may be necessary to
               ensure proper operation. All adjustments or tests during or coincident with the installation, servicing,
               or maintenance of the station which may affect its operation shall be performed by or under the
               immediate supervision of a technically qualified person.

     (b) The Commission may notify the licensee not to commence unattended operation, or to cancel, suspend,
         or change the date of the beginning of such operation as and when such action may appear to be in the
         public interest, convenience, or necessity.

(Secs. 1, 2, 301, 307, 48 Stat., as amended 1064, 1081, 1083; (47 U.S.C. 151, 152, 301, 307))

[37 FR 3292, Feb. 12, 1972, as amended at 41 FR 29695, July 19, 1976; 42 FR 61864, Dec. 7, 1977; 43 FR 4617, Feb. 3, 1978; 43
FR 25127, June 9, 1978; 49 FR 20671, May 16, 1984; 50 FR 23422, June 4, 1985; 50 FR 32418, Aug. 12, 1985]

§ 78.55 Time of operation.
A CARS station is not expected to adhere to any prescribed schedule of operation. Continous radiation of the carrier
without modulation is permitted provided harmful interference is not caused to other authorized stations.

[43 FR 25127, June 9, 1978]

§ 78.57 Station inspection.
The station and all records required to be kept by the licensee shall be made available for inspection upon request
by any authorized representative of the Commission.

§ 78.59 Posting of station and operator licenses.
     (a) The station license and any other instrument of authorization or individual order concerning the
         construction or the equipment or manner of operation shall be posted at the place where the transmitter
         is located, so that all terms thereof are visible except as otherwise provided in paragraphs (b) and (c) of
         this section.

     (b) In cases where the transmitter is operated by remote control, the documents referred to in paragraph (a)
         of this section shall be posted in the manner described at the control point of the transmitter.

47 CFR 78.59(b) (enhanced display)                                                                                page 38 of 54
47 CFR Part 78 (up to date as of 2/20/2024)
                                                                                                         47 CFR 78.59(c)
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     (c) In cases where the transmitter is operated unattended, the name of the licensee and the call sign of the
         unattended station shall be displayed at the transmitter site on the structure supporting the transmitting
         antenna, so as to be visible to a person standing on the ground at the transmitter site. The display shall be
         prepared so as to withstand normal weathering for a reasonable period of time and shall be maintained in
         a legible condition at all times by the licensee. The station license and other documents referred to in
         paragraph (a) of this section shall be kept at the nearest attended station or, in cases where the licensee
         of the unattended station does not operate attended stations, at the point of destination of the signals
         relayed by the unattended station.

[37 FR 3292, Feb. 12, 1972, as amended at 49 FR 20671, May 16, 1984]

§ 78.61 Operator requirements.
     (a) Except in cases where a CARS station is operated unattended in accordance with § 78.53 or except as
         provided in other paragraphs of this section, a person shall be on duty at the place where the transmitting
         apparatus is located, in plain view and in actual charge of its operation or at a remote control point
         established pursuant to the provision of § 78.51, at all times when the station is in operation. Control and
         monitoring equipment at a remote control point shall be readily accessible and clearly visible to the
         operator at that position.

     (b) Any transmitter tests, adjustments, or repairs during or coincident with the installation, servicing,
         operation or maintenance of a CARS station which may affect the proper operation of such station shall
         be made by or under the immediate supervision and responsibility of a person responsible for proper
         functioning of the station equipment.

     (c) The operator on duty and in charge of a CARS station may, at the discretion of the licensee, be employed
         for other duties or for the operation of another station or stations in accordance with the rules governing
         such stations. However, such duties shall in no way impair or impede the required supervision of the
         CARS station.

     (d) CARS stations operating with nominal transmitter power of 250 milliwatts or less may be operated by any
         person whom the licensee shall designate. Pursuant to this provision, the designated person shall
         perform as the licensee's agent and proper operation of the station shall remain the licensee's
         responsibility.

     (e) Mobile CARS stations operating with nominal transmitter power in excess of 250 milliwatts may be
         operated by any person whom the licensee shall designate: Provided that a person is on duty at a
         receiving end of the circuit to supervise operation and to immediately institute measures sufficient to
         assure prompt correction of any condition of improper operation that may be observed.

(Secs. 1, 2, 301, 307, 48 Stat., as amended, 1064, 1081, 1083; (47 U.S.C. 151, 152, 301, 307))

[43 FR 4617, Feb. 3, 1978, as amended at 49 FR 20671, May 16, 1984; 50 FR 32418, Aug. 12, 1985]

§ 78.63 Antenna structure marking and lighting.
The owner of each antenna structure is responsible for ensuring that the structure, if required, is painted and/or
illuminated in accordance with part 17 of this chapter. In the event of default by the owner, each licensee shall be
responsible for ensuring that the structure complies with applicable painting and lighting requirements.

[61 FR 4368, Feb. 6, 1996]

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47 CFR Part 78 (up to date as of 2/20/2024)
                                                                                                              47 CFR 78.65
Cable Television Relay Service

§ 78.65 Additional orders.
In case the rules of this part do not cover all phases of operation with respect to external effects, the Commission
may make supplemental or additional orders in each case as may be deemed necessary.

§ 78.67 Familiarity with FCC rules.
Both the licensee of a cable television relay station (CARS) and the operator or operators responsible for the proper
operation of the station are expected to be familiar with the rules governing CARS stations. Copies of the
Commission's rules may be obtained from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Publishing Office,
Washington, DC 20401, at nominal cost, or accessed online at https://www.ecfr.gov or https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/
browse/collectionCfr.action?collectionCode=CFR.

[83 FR 13684, Mar. 30, 2018]

§ 78.69 Station records.
Each licensee of a CARS station shall maintain records showing the following:

     (a) For all attended or remotely controlled stations, the date and time of the beginning and end of each period
         of transmission of each channel;

     (b) For all stations, the date and time of any unscheduled interruptions to the transmissions of the station, the
         duration of such interruptions, and the causes thereof;

     (c) For all stations, the results and dates of the frequency measurements made pursuant to § 78.113 and the
         name of the person or persons making the measurements;

     (d) For all stations, when service or maintenance duties are performed, which may affect a station's proper
         operation, the responsible operator shall sign and date an entry in the station's records, giving:

           (1) Pertinent details of all transmitter adjustments performed by the operator or under the operator's
               supervision.

     (e) When a station in this service has an antenna structure which is required to be illuminated, appropriate
         entries shall be made as follows:

           (1) The time the tower lights are turned on and off each day, if manually controlled.

           (2) The time the daily check of proper operation of the tower lights was made, if an automatic alarm
               system is not employed.

           (3) In the event of any observed or otherwise known failure of a tower light:

                 (i)   Nature of such failure.

                 (ii) Date and time the failure was observed or otherwise noted.

                (iii) Date, time, and nature of the adjustments, repairs, or replacements made.

                (iv) Identification of Flight Service Station (Federal Aviation Administration) notified of the failure of
                     any code or rotating beacon light not corrected within 30 minutes, and the date and time such
                     notice was given.

47 CFR 78.69(e)(3)(iv) (enhanced display)                                                                    page 40 of 54
47 CFR Part 78 (up to date as of 2/20/2024)
                                                                                                           47 CFR 78.69(e)(3)(v)
Cable Television Relay Service

                 (v) Date and time notice was given to the Flight Service Station (Federal Aviation Administration)
                     that the required illumination was resumed.

           (4) Upon completion of the 3-month periodic inspection required by § 78.63(c):

                 (i)    The date of the inspection and the condition of all tower lights and associated tower lighting
                        control devices, indicators, and alarm systems.

                 (ii) Any adjustments, replacements, or repairs made to insure compliance with the lighting
                      requirements and the date such adjustments, replacements, or repairs were made.

     (f) For all stations, station record entries shall be made in an orderly and legible manner by the person or
         persons competent to do so, having actual knowledge of the facts required, who shall sign the station
         record when starting duty and again when going off duty.

     (g) For all stations, no station record or portion thereof shall be erased, obliterated, or willfully destroyed
         within the period of retention required by rule. Any necessary correction may be made only by the person
         who made the original entry who shall strike out the erroneous portion, initial the correction made, and
         show the date the correction was made.

     (h) For all stations, station records shall be retained for a period of not less than 2 years. The Commission
         reserves the right to order retention of station records for a longer period of time. In cases where the
         licensee or permittee has notice of any claim or complaint, the station record shall be retained until such
         claim or complaint has been fully satisfied or until the same has been barred by statute limiting the time
         for filing of suits upon such claims.

[41 FR 29695, July 19, 1976, as amended at 49 FR 20672, May 16, 1984; 50 FR 23422, June 4, 1985]

§ 78.75 Equal employment opportunities.
See Subpart E, Part 76 of this chapter.

[51 FR 9966, Mar. 24, 1986]

Subpart D—Technical Regulations
§ 78.101 Power limitations.
     (a) On any authorized frequency, the average power delivered to an antenna shall be the minimum amount of
         power necessary to carry out the communications desired. In no event shall the average transmitter
         power or equivalent isotropically radiated power (EIRP) exceed the values specified below.

             Frequency band                                                             Maximum allowable EIRP1 2
                                   Maximum allowable transmitter power—mobile (W)
                 (MHz)                                                                  Fixed (dBW)       Mobile (dBW)
            2,025 to 2,110                                                       20.0                              + 35
            6,425 to 6,525                                                       20.0                              + 35
            6,875 to 7,125                                                       20.0                              + 35
            12,700 to 13,250                                                      1.5              + 55            + 45
            17,700 to 18,600                                                                       + 55
            18,600 to   18,8001                                                                    + 35

47 CFR 78.101(a) (enhanced display)                                                                               page 41 of 54
47 CFR Part 78 (up to date as of 2/20/2024)
                                                                                                               47 CFR 78.101(b)
Cable Television Relay Service

               Frequency band                                                             Maximum allowable EIRP1 2
                                   Maximum allowable transmitter power—mobile (W)
                   (MHz)                                                                 Fixed (dBW)    Mobile (dBW)
            18,800 to 19,700                                                                     + 55

           1   The power delivered to the antenna is limited to −3 dBW.

           2 Stations licensed based on an application filed before April 16, 2003, for EIRP values exceeding
           those specified above, may continue to operate indefinitely in accordance with the terms of their
           current authorizations, subject to periodic renewal.

     (b) LDS stations shall use for the visual signal-vestigial sideband AM transmission. When vestigial sideband
         AM transmission is used the peak power of the visual signal on all channels shall be maintained within 2
         dB of equality. The mean power of the aural signal on each channel shall not exceed a level of 7 dB below
         the peak power of the visual signal.

     (c) The EIRP of transmitters that use Automatic Transmitter Power Control (ATPC) shall not exceed the EIRP
         specified on the station authorization. The EIRP of non-ATPC transmitters shall be maintained as near as
         practicable to the EIRP specified on the station authorization.

[45 FR 78694, Nov. 26, 1980, as amended at 52 FR 7144, Mar. 9, 1987; 65 FR 48182, Aug. 7, 2000; 68 FR 12776, Mar. 17, 2003]

§ 78.103 Emissions and emission limitations.
     (a) A CARS station may be authorized to employ any type of emission, for which there are technical standards
         incorporated in Subpart D of this part, suitable for the simultaneous transmission of visual and aural
         television signals.

     (b) Any emission appearing on a frequency outside of the channel authorized for a transmitter shall be
         attenuated below the power of the emission in accordance with the following schedule:

           (1) For stations using FM or double sideband AM transmission:

                   (i)   On any frequency above the upper channel limit or below the lower channel limit by between
                         zero and 50 percent of the authorized channel width: At least 25 decibels below the mean
                         power of the emission;

                  (ii) On any frequency above the upper channel limit or below the lower channel limit by more than
                       50 percent and up to 150 percent of the authorized channel width: At least 35 decibels below
                       the mean power of the emission; and

                  (iii) On any frequency above the upper channel limit or below the lower channel limit by more than
                        150 percent of the authorized channel width: At least 43 + 10 log10 (power in watts) decibels
                        below the mean power of the emission.

           (2) For CARS stations using vestigial sideband AM transmission: At least 50 decibels below the peak
               power of the emission.

     (c) For operation in the 17.7.7–19.7 GHz band:

           The mean power of any emission shall be attenuated below the mean output power of the transmitter in
           accordance with the following schedule:

47 CFR 78.103(c) (enhanced display)                                                                              page 42 of 54
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                                                                                                    47 CFR 78.103(c)(1)
Cable Television Relay Service

           (1) When using frequency modulation:

                  (i)   On any frequency removed from the assigned (center) frequency by more than 50% up to and
                        including 100% of the authorized bandwidth: At least 25 dB;

                  (ii) On any frequency removed from the assigned (center) frequency by more than 100% up to and
                       including 250% of the authorized bandwidth: At least 35 dB;

                  (iii) On any frequency removed from the assigned (center) frequency by more than 250% of the
                        authorized bandwidth: At least 43 + 10 log 10 (mean output power in watts) dB, or 80 dB,
                        whichever is the lesser attenuation.

           (2) When using digital modulation:

                  (i)   In any 1 MHz band, the center frequency of which is removed from the assigned frequency by
                        more than 50% up to and including 250% of the authorized bandwidth: As specified by the
                        following equation but in no event less than 11 dB.

                        A = 11 + 0.4 (P − 50) + 10 log10 B
                  where:

                  A = Attenuation (in dB) below the mean output power level.

                  P = Percent removed from the carrier frequency.

                  B = Authorized bandwidth in MHz.

                        [Attenuation greater than 56 decibels is not required.]

                  (ii) In any 4 kHz band, the center frequency of which is removed from the assigned frequency by
                       more than 250% of the authorized bandwidth: At least 43 = 10 log10 (mean output power in
                       watts) dB, or 80 dB, whichever is the lesser attenuation.

           (3) Amplitude Modulation:

                  For vestigial sideband AM video: On any frequency removed from the center frequency of the
                  authorized band by more than 50%: at least 50 dB below peak power of the emission.

     (d) In the event that interference to other stations is caused by emissions outside the authorized channel, the
         Commission may require greater attenuation than that specified in paragraph (b) of this section.

     (e) The maximum bandwidth that will be authorized per frequency assignment is set out in the table that
         follows. Regardless of the maximum authorized bandwidth specified for each frequency band, the
         Commission reserves the right to issue a license for less than the maximum bandwidth if it appears that a
         bandwidth less than the maximum would be sufficient to support an applicant's intended
         communications.

        Frequency band (MHz)                             Maximum authorized band-width (MHz)
 1,990 to 2,110                           17 or   18.1
 6,425 to 6,525                           8 or 25.
 6,875 to 7,125                           25.
 12,700 to 13,250                         25.

47 CFR 78.103(e) (enhanced display)                                                                      page 43 of 54
47 CFR Part 78 (up to date as of 2/20/2024)
                                                                                                                  47 CFR 78.104
Cable Television Relay Service

        Frequency band (MHz)                          Maximum authorized band-width (MHz)
 17,700 to 19,700                         80.

1After a licensee has been relocated in accordance with § 78.40, the maximum authorized
bandwidth in the frequency band 2025 to 2010 MHz will be 12 megahertz.

[37 FR 3292, Feb. 12, 1972, as amended at 37 FR 15927, Aug. 8, 1972; 38 FR 16648, June 25, 1973; 39 FR 26025, July 16, 1974;
48 FR 50736, Nov. 3, 1983; 49 FR 37779, Sept. 26, 1984; 52 FR 7145, Mar. 9, 1987; 65 FR 48182, Aug. 7, 2000; 68 FR 12776, Mar.
17, 2003; 68 FR 68253, Dec. 8, 2003]

§ 78.104 Authorized bandwidth and emission designator.
     (a) The authorized bandwidth permitted to be used by a CARS station and specified in the station license
         shall be the occupied or necessary bandwidth, whichever is greater, except when otherwise authorized by
         the Commission in accordance with paragraph (b) of this section.

     (b) As an exception to the provision of paragraph (a) of this section, the Commission may approve requests
         to base the authorized bandwidth for the station on the lesser of the occupied or necessary bandwidth
         where a persuasive showing is made that:

           (1) The frequency stability of the transmitting equipment to be used will permit compliance with §
               78.103(b)(1) and, additionally, will permit 99 percent of the total radiated power to be kept within the
               frequency limits of the assigned channel.

     (c) The emission designator shall be specified in terms of the necessary bandwidth. (See § 2.201(a) of this
         chapter.)

[39 FR 26025, July 16, 1974, as amended at 45 FR 78694, Nov. 26, 1980]

§ 78.105 Antenna systems.
     (a) For fixed stations operating in the 12.7–13.2 GHz and 17.7–19.7 GHz bands, the following standards
         apply:

           (1) Fixed CARS stations shall use directional antennas that meet the performance standards indicated in
               the following table.

                 (i)   Stations must employ an antenna that meets the performance standards for Category B. In
                       areas subject to frequency congestion, where proposed facilities would be precluded by
                       continued use of a Category B antenna, a Category A antenna must be employed. The
                       Commission may require the use of a high performance antenna where interference problems
                       can be resolved by the use of such antennas.

                 (ii) Upon adequate showing of need to serve a larger sector, or more than a single sector, greater
                      beamwidth or multiple antennas may be authorized. Applicants shall request and authorization
                      for stations in this service will specify the polarization of each transmitted signal.

                (iii) Licensees shall comply with the antenna standards table shown in this paragraph in the
                      following manner:

                       (A) With either the maximum beamwidth to 3 dB points requirement or with the minimum
                           antenna gain requirement; and

47 CFR 78.105(a)(1)(iii)(A) (enhanced display)                                                                    page 44 of 54
47 CFR Part 78 (up to date as of 2/20/2024)
                                                                                         47 CFR 78.105(a)(1)(iii)(B)
Cable Television Relay Service

                      (B) With the minimum radiation suppression to angle requirement.

47 CFR 78.105(a)(1)(iii)(B) (enhanced display)                                                       page 45 of 54
47 CFR Part 78 (up to date as of 2/20/2024)
                                                                                                                                                          47 CFR 78.105(a)(1)(iii)(B)
Cable Television Relay Service

                                                                         Antenna Standards

                                                                                                        Minimum radiation suppression to angle in degrees from centerline of main
    Frequency              Maximum beamwidith to 3 dB points1 (included angle    Minimum antenna gain                              beam in decibels
                Category
      (MHz)                                 in degrees)                                 (dbi)           5° to   10° to     15° to     20° to     30° to        100° to       140° to
                                                                                                        10°      15°        20°        30°       100°           140°          180°
12,700 to             A                                                    1.0                    n/a      23        28         35         39         41             42            50
13,250                B                                                    2.0                    n/a      20        25         28         30         32             37            47
17,700 to             A                                                    2.2                     38      25        29         33         36         42             55            55
19,700                B                                                    2.2                     38      20        24         28         32         35             36            36
1If a licensee chooses to show compliance using maximum beamwidth to 3 dB points, the beamwidth limit shall apply in both the azimuth and the elevation
planes.

47 CFR 78.105(a)(1)(iii)(B) (enhanced display)                                                                                                                           page 46 of 54
47 CFR Part 78 (up to date as of 2/20/2024)
                                                                                                            47 CFR 78.105(a)(2)
Cable Television Relay Service

           (2) New periscope antenna systems will be authorized upon a certification that the radiation, in a
               horizontal plane, from an illuminating antenna and reflector combination meets or exceeds the
               antenna standards of this section. This provision similarly applies to passive repeaters employed to
               redirect or repeat the signal from a station's directional antenna system.

           (3) The choice of receiving antennas is left to the discretion of the licensee. However, licensees will not
               be protected from interference which results from the use of antennas with poorer performance than
               defined in paragraph (a) of this section.

           (4) Pickup stations are not subject to the performance standards herein stated. The provisions of this
               paragraph are effective for all new applications accepted for filing after October 1, 1981.

     (b) Any fixed station licensed pursuant to an application accepted for filing prior to October 1, 1981, may
         continue to use its existing antenna system, subject to periodic renewal until April 1, 1992, After April 1,
         1992, all licensees are to use antenna systems in conformance with the standards of this section. TV
         auxiliary broadcast stations are considered to be located in an area subject to frequency congestion and
         must employ a Category A antenna when:

           (1) A showing by an applicant of a new CAR service or TV auxiliary broadcast, which shares the
               12.7–13.20 GHz band with CARS, indicates that use of a category B antenna limits a proposed
               project because of interference, and

           (2) That use of a category A antenna will remedy the interference thus allowing the project to be
               realized.

     (c) As an exception to the provisions of this section, the FCC may approve requests for use of periscope
         antenna systems where a persuasive showing is made that no frequency conflicts exist in the area of
         proposed use. Such approvals shall be conditioned to require conversion to a standard antenna as
         required in paragraph (a) of this section when an applicant of a new TV auxiliary broadcast or Cable
         Television Relay station indicates that the use of the existing antenna system will cause interference and
         the use of a category A or B antenna will remedy the interference.

     (d) As a further exception to the provision of paragraph (a) of this section the Commission may approve
         antenna systems not conforming to the technical standards where a persuasive showing is made that:

           (1) Indicates in detail why an antenna system complying with the requirements of paragraph (a) of this
               section cannot be installed, and

           (2) Includes a statement indicating that frequency coordination as required in § 78.18a was
               accomplished.

[45 FR 78694, Nov. 26, 1980, as amended at 49 FR 37779, Sept. 26, 1984; 50 FR 7343, Feb. 22, 1985; 51 FR 19841, June 3, 1986;
56 FR 50664, Oct. 8, 1991; 62 FR 4923, Feb. 3, 1997; 68 FR 12776, Mar. 17, 2003]

§ 78.106 Interference to geostationary-satellites.
Applicants and licensees must comply with § 101.145 of this chapter to minimize the potential of interference to
geostationary-satellites.

[68 FR 12776, Mar. 17, 2003]

47 CFR 78.106 (enhanced display)                                                                                 page 47 of 54
47 CFR Part 78 (up to date as of 2/20/2024)
                                                                                                                 47 CFR 78.107
Cable Television Relay Service

§ 78.107 Equipment and installation.
     (a) Applications for new cable television relay stations, other than fixed stations, will not be accepted unless
         the equipment specified therein has been certified in accordance with subpart J of part 2 of this chapter.
         In the case of fixed stations, the equipment must be authorized under Supplier's Declaration of Conformity
         for use pursuant to the provisions of this subpart. Transmitters designed for use in the 31.0 to 31.3 GHz
         band shall be authorized under Supplier's Declaration of Conformity.

           Note 1 to the introductory text to paragraph (a): The verification procedure has been replaced by
           Supplier's Declaration of Conformity. Equipment previously authorized under subpart J of part 2 of
           this chapter may remain in use. See § 2.950 of this chapter.

           (1) All transmitters first licensed or marketed shall comply with technical standards of this subpart. This
               paragraph (b)(1) of this section is effective October 1, 1981.

           (2) Neither certification nor Supplier's Declaration of Conformity is required for the following
               transmitters:

                 (i)   Those which have an output power not greater than 250 mW and which are used in a CARS
                       pickup station operating in the 12.7–13.2 GHz band; and

                 (ii) Those used under a developmental authorization.

     (b) Cable television relay station transmitting equipment authorized to be used pursuant to an application
         accepted for filing prior to October 1, 1981, may continue to be used, provided, that if operation of such
         equipment causes harmful interference due to its failure to comply with the technical standards set forth
         in this subpart the Commission may, at its discretion, require the licensee to take such corrective action
         as is necessary to eliminate the interference.

     (c) The installation of a CARS station shall be made by or under the immediate supervision of a qualified
         engineer. Any tests or adjustments requiring the radiation of signals and which could result in improper
         operation shall be conducted by or under the immediate supervision of a person with required knowledge
         and skill to perform such tasks.

     (d) Simple repairs such as the replacement of tubes, fuses, or other plug-in components which require no
         particular skill may be made by an unskilled person. Repairs requiring replacement of attached
         components or the adjustment of critical circuits or corroborative measurements shall be made only by a
         person with required knowledge and skill to perform such tasks.

[37 FR 3292, Feb. 12, 1972, as amended at 45 FR 78695, Nov. 26, 1980; 49 FR 4001, Feb. 1, 1984; 49 FR 20672, May 16, 1984; 50
FR 7343, Feb. 22, 1985; 63 FR 36606, July 7, 1998; 63 FR 49870, Sept. 18, 1998; 82 FR 50837, Nov. 2, 2017]

47 CFR 78.107(d) (enhanced display)                                                                              page 48 of 54
47 CFR Part 78 (up to date as of 2/20/2024)
                                                                                                        47 CFR 78.108
Cable Television Relay Service

§ 78.108 Minimum path lengths for fixed links.
     (a) The distance between end points of a fixed link must equal or exceed the value set forth in the table below
         or the EIRP must be reduced in accordance with the equation set forth below.

                        Frequency band (MHz)                           Minimum path length (km)
            12,200 to 13,250                                  5
            Above 17,700                                      N/A

     (b) For paths shorter than those specified in the Table, the EIRP shall not exceed the value derived from the
         following equation.

           EIRP = MAXEIRP − 40 log(A/B) dBW
     Where:

     EIRP = The new maximum EIRP (equivalent isotropically radiated power) in dBW.

     MAXEIRP = Maximum EIRP as set forth in the Table in § 74.636 of this part.

     A = Minimum path length from the Table above for the frequency band in kilometers.

     B = The actual path length in kilometers.

           Note to paragraph (b): For transmitters using Automatic Transmitter Power Control, EIRP
           corresponds to the maximum transmitter power available, not the coordinated transmit power or
           the nominal transmit power.

     (c) Upon an appropriate technical showing, applicants and licensees unable to meet the minimum path length
         requirement may be granted an exception to these requirements.

           Note: Links authorized prior to April 1, 1987, are excluded from this requirement, except that,
           effective April 1, 1992, the Commission will require compliance with the criteria where an existing
           link would otherwise preclude establishment of a new link.

[52 FR 7145, Mar. 9, 1987, as amended at 68 FR 12776, Mar. 17, 2003]

§ 78.109 Major and minor modifications to stations.
     (a) Amendments to applications and modifications to stations are classified as major or minor. A major
         modification requires a formal application. A major amendment to an application is treated as a new
         application.

     (b) Major modifications to a station or amendments to an application include, but are not limited to:

           (1) Any increase in bandwidth;

47 CFR 78.109(b)(1) (enhanced display)                                                                  page 49 of 54
47 CFR Part 78 (up to date as of 2/20/2024)
                                                                                                          47 CFR 78.109(b)(2)
Cable Television Relay Service

           (2) Any change in the transmitting antenna system of a station, other than a CARS pickup station,
               including the direction of the main radiation lobe, directive pattern, antenna gain or transmission line,
               antenna height or location;

           (3) Any change in the type of modulation;

           (4) Any change in the location of a station transmitter, other than a CARS pickup station transmitter,
               except a move within the same building or upon the tower or mast or a change in the area of
               operation of a CARS pickup station;

           (5) Any change in frequency assignment, including polarization;

           (6) Any increase in authorized operating power;

           (7) Any substantial change in ownership or control;

           (8) Any addition or change in frequency, excluding removing a frequency;

           (9) Any modification or amendment requiring an environmental assessment (as governed by §§ 1.1301
               through 1319 of this chapter, including changes affecting historic preservation under § 1.1307(a)(4)
               of this chapter and 16 U.S.C. 470 (National Historic Preservation Act));

          (10) Any request requiring frequency coordination; or

          (11) Any modification or amendment requiring notification to the Federal Aviation Administration as
               defined in 47 CFR 17, subpart B.

     (c) Minor changes may be made at the discretion of the licensee, provided proper notice is given to the
         Commission within 30 days of implementing the change and provided further, that the changes are
         appropriately reflected in the next application for renewal of the license for the station.

     (d) For applications and modifications, the following changes are considered minor:

           (1) Any name change not involving change in ownership or control of the license;

           (2) Any change to administrative information, e.g., address, telephone number, or contact person;

           (3) Any change in ownership that does not affect the identity or controlling interest of the licensee;

           (4) Lowering power;

           (5) Removing one or more channels; or

           (6) Deleting a path.

[68 FR 27004, May 19, 2003]

§ 78.111 Frequency tolerance.
Stations in this service shall maintain the carrier frequency of each authorized transmitter to within the following
percentage of the assigned frequency.

                                                               Frequency tolerance
          Frequency band (MHz)
                                                 Fixed (percent)               Mobile (percent)
 1,990 to 2,110                                                                                   0.005

47 CFR 78.111 (enhanced display)                                                                               page 50 of 54
47 CFR Part 78 (up to date as of 2/20/2024)
                                                                                                               47 CFR 78.113
Cable Television Relay Service

                                                                  Frequency tolerance
          Frequency band (MHz)
                                                    Fixed (percent)                Mobile (percent)
 6,425 to 6,525                                                                                        0.005
 6,875 to 7,125                                                                                        0.005
 12,700 to 13,2501                                                     0.005                           0.005
 17,700 to 18,820                                                      0.003
 18,820 to 18,920                                                      0.001
 18,920 to 19,700                                                      0.003

1 Stations that employing vestigal sideband AM transmissions shall maintain their operating
frequency within 0.0005% the visual carrier, and the aural carrier shall be 4.5 MHz ±1 kHz above the
visual carrier frequency.

[52 FR 7145, Mar. 9, 1987, as amended at 68 FR 12776, Mar. 17, 2003]

§ 78.113 Frequency monitors and measurements.
     (a) The licensee of each CARS station shall employ a suitable procedure to determine that the carrier
         frequency of each transmitter is maintained within the tolerance prescribed in § 78.111 at all times. The
         determination shall be made, and the results thereof entered in the station records: when a transmitter is
         initially installed; when any change is made in a transmitter which may affect the carrier frequency or the
         stability thereof; or in any case at intervals not exceeding one year.

     (b) The choice of apparatus to measure the operating frequency is left to the discretion of the licensee.
         However, failure of the apparatus to detect departures of the operating frequency in excess of the
         prescribed tolerance will not be deemed an acceptable excuse for the violation.

[37 FR 3292, Feb. 12, 1972, as amended at 41 FR 29696, July 19, 1976; 50 FR 23422, June 4, 1985]

§ 78.115 Modulation limits.
     (a) If amplitude modulation is employed, negative modulation peaks shall not exceed 100 percent
         modulation.

[37 FR 3292, Feb. 12, 1972, as amended at 45 FR 78696, Nov. 26, 1980]

Alphabetical Index—Part 78

                                              A
 Antenna systems                                                                                      78.105
 Applications—
    Acceptance of; public notice                                                                       78.20
    Amendments of                                                                                      78.17
    Contents of                                                                                        78.15
    Dismissal of                                                                                       78.21
    Objections to                                                                                      78.22

47 CFR 78.115(a) (enhanced display)                                                                            page 51 of 54
47 CFR Part 78 (up to date as of 2/20/2024)
                                                                47 CFR 78.115(a)
Cable Television Relay Service

     Signing of                                         78.16
 Assignment or transfer of control                      78.35
 Authority, Temporary                                   78.33
 Authorized bandwidth                                  78.104
                                              B
 Bandwidth authorized                                  78.104
                                              C
 Certificated equipment                                78.107
 Changes in equipment                                  78.109
 Conditions for license                                 78.27
 Coordination, frequencies                              78.36
 Cross reference to other rules                          78.3
                                              D
 Definitions                                             78.5
                                              E
 Eligibility for license                                78.13
 Emission designator                                   78.104
 Emissions; emission limitations                       78.103
 Equal employment opportunities                         78.75
 Equipment changes                                     78.109
 Equipment installation                                78.107
 Equipment tests                                        78.23
 Extension of license, Temporary                        78.31
                                              F
 Frequency assignments                                  78.18
 Frequency coordination                                 78.36
 Frequency monitors and measurements                   78.113
 Frequency tolerance                                   78.111
                                      G-H [Reserved]
                                              I
 Interference                                           78.19
 Inspection of station by FCC                           78.57
 Installation of equipment                             78.107
                                      J-K [Reserved]
                                              L
 License conditions                                     78.27
 License eligibility                                    78.13
 License extension, Temporary                           78.31
 License period                                         78.29
 Licenses, station and operator, Posting of             78.59
 Lighting and maintenance of towers                     78.63

47 CFR 78.115(a) (enhanced display)                               page 52 of 54
47 CFR Part 78 (up to date as of 2/20/2024)
                                                               47 CFR 78.115(a)
Cable Television Relay Service

 Limitations, Power                                   78.101
 Limits of modulation                                 78.115
                                              M
 Maintenance and lighting of towers                    78.63
 Modulation limits                                    78.115
 Monitors and Measurements, Frequency                 78.113
                                       N [Reserved]
                                              O
 Operation by remote control                           78.51
 Operation, Time of                                    78.55
 Operation, Unattended                                 78.53
 Operator and station licenses, Posting of             78.59
 Operator requirements                                 78.61
                                              P
 Period of license                                     78.29
 Permissible service                                   78.11
 Possession of rules                                   78.67
 Posting of operator and station licenses              78.59
 Power limitations                                    78.101
 Purpose of Part 78                                     78.1
                                       Q [Reserved]
                                              R
 Records of station                                    78.69
 Remote control operation                              78.51
 Rules in other Parts                                   78.3
 Rules, Possession of                                  78.67
                                              S
 Service, Permissible                                  78.11
 Station and operator licenses, Posting of             78.59
 Station inspection by FCC                             78.57
 Station records                                       78.69
                                              T
 Temporary authority                                   78.33
 Temporary extension of license                        78.31
 Tests—
 Equipment                                             78.23
 Program                                               78.25
 Service                                               78.25
 Time of operation                                     78.55
 Tolerance, Frequency                                 78.111
 Towers, Lighting and maintenance                      78.63

47 CFR 78.115(a) (enhanced display)                              page 53 of 54
47 CFR Part 78 (up to date as of 2/20/2024)
                                                                                 47 CFR 78.115(a)
Cable Television Relay Service

 Transfer of control or assignment                                       78.35
                                              U
 Unattended operation                                                    78.53
                                      V-Z [Reserved]

[50 FR 38537, Sept. 23, 1985, as amended at 63 FR 36606, July 7, 1998]

47 CFR 78.115(a) (enhanced display)                                                page 54 of 54