Datasets:
liar

Tasks: text-classification-other-fake-news-detection

Task Categories: text-classification

Languages: en

Multilinguality: monolingual

Size Categories: 10K<n<100K

Licenses: unknown

Language Creators: found

Annotations Creators: expert-generated

Source Datasets: original

ArXiv:

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id (string)	label (class label)	statement (string)	subject (string)	speaker (string)	job_title (string)	state_info (string)	party_affiliation (string)	barely_true_counts (float)	false_counts (float)	half_true_counts (float)	mostly_true_counts (float)	pants_on_fire_counts (float)	context (string)
2635.json	0 (false)	Says the Annies List political group supports third-trimester abortions on demand.	abortion	dwayne-bohac	State representative	Texas	republican	0	1	0	0	0	a mailer
10540.json	1 (half-true)	When did the decline of coal start? It started when natural gas took off that started to begin in (President George W.) Bushs administration.	energy,history,job-accomplishments	scott-surovell	State delegate	Virginia	democrat	0	0	1	1	0	a floor speech.
324.json	2 (mostly-true)	Hillary Clinton agrees with John McCain "by voting to give George Bush the benefit of the doubt on Iran."	foreign-policy	barack-obama	President	Illinois	democrat	70	71	160	163	9	Denver
1123.json	0 (false)	Health care reform legislation is likely to mandate free sex change surgeries.	health-care	blog-posting			none	7	19	3	5	44	a news release
9028.json	1 (half-true)	The economic turnaround started at the end of my term.	economy,jobs	charlie-crist		Florida	democrat	15	9	20	19	2	an interview on CNN
12465.json	3 (true)	The Chicago Bears have had more starting quarterbacks in the last 10 years than the total number of tenured (UW) faculty fired during the last two decades.	education	robin-vos	Wisconsin Assembly speaker	Wisconsin	republican	0	3	2	5	1	a an online opinion-piece
2342.json	4 (barely-true)	Jim Dunnam has not lived in the district he represents for years now.	candidates-biography	republican-party-texas		Texas	republican	3	1	1	3	1	a press release.
153.json	1 (half-true)	"I'm the only person on this stage who has worked actively just last year passing, along with Russ Feingold, some of the toughest ethics reform since Watergate."	ethics	barack-obama	President	Illinois	democrat	70	71	160	163	9	a Democratic debate in Philadelphia, Pa.
5602.json	1 (half-true)	However, it took $19.5 million in Oregon Lottery funds for the Port of Newport to eventually land the new NOAA Marine Operations Center-Pacific.	jobs	oregon-lottery			organization	0	0	1	0	1	a website
9741.json	2 (mostly-true)	Says GOP primary opponents Glenn Grothman and Joe Leibham cast a compromise vote that cost $788 million in higher electricity costs.	energy,message-machine-2014,voting-record	duey-stroebel	State representative	Wisconsin	republican	0	0	0	1	0	an online video
7115.json	2 (mostly-true)	For the first time in history, the share of the national popular vote margin is smaller than the Latino vote margin.	elections	robert-menendez	U.S. Senator	New Jersey	democrat	1	3	1	3	0	a speech
4148.json	1 (half-true)	Since 2000, nearly 12 million Americans have slipped out of the middle class and into poverty.	economy,jobs,new-hampshire-2012,poverty	bernie-s	U.S. Senator	Vermont	independent	18	12	22	41	0	a tweet
5947.json	0 (false)	When Mitt Romney was governor of Massachusetts, we didnt just slow the rate of growth of our government, we actually cut it.	history,state-budget	mitt-romney	Former governor	Massachusetts	republican	34	32	58	33	19	an interview with CBN News
8616.json	2 (mostly-true)	The economy bled $24 billion due to the government shutdown.	economy,federal-budget,health-care	doonesbury			none	0	0	2	4	0	a Doonesbury strip in the Sunday comics
8705.json	4 (barely-true)	Most of the (Affordable Care Act) has already in some sense been waived or otherwise suspended.	health-care	george-will	Columnist	Maryland	columnist	7	6	3	5	1	comments on "Fox News Sunday"
10683.json	1 (half-true)	In this last election in November, ... 63 percent of the American people chose not to vote, ... 80 percent of young people, (and) 75 percent of low-income workers chose not to vote.	elections	bernie-s	U.S. Senator	Vermont	independent	18	12	22	41	0	a town hall in Austin, Texas
620.json	3 (true)	"McCain opposed a requirement that the government buy American-made motorcycles. And he said all buy-American provisions were quote 'disgraceful.' "	federal-budget	barack-obama	President	Illinois	democrat	70	71	160	163	9	a radio ad
3863.json	4 (barely-true)	U.S. Rep. Ron Kind, D-Wis., and his fellow Democrats went on a spending spree and now their credit card is maxed out	federal-budget	national-republican-congressional-committee			republican	18	9	8	5	8	a news release
12372.json	1 (half-true)	Water rates in Manila, Philippines, were raised up to 845 percent when a subsidiary of the World Bank became a partial owner.	financial-regulation,foreign-policy,water	gwen-moore	U.S. House member -- 4th District	Wisconsin	democrat	3	4	4	3	1	a congressional hearing
12385.json	2 (mostly-true)	Almost 100,000 people left Puerto Rico last year.	bankruptcy,economy,population	jack-lew	Treasury secretary	Washington, D.C.	democrat	0	1	0	1	0	an interview with Bloomberg News
10173.json	0 (false)	Women and men both are making less when you adjust for inflation than when John Kitzhaber was first elected governor.	economy,income	dennis-richardson	state representative	Oregon	republican	0	4	1	2	0	a campaign debate
9867.json	2 (mostly-true)	The United States has the highest corporate tax rate in the free world.	corporations,taxes	eric-bolling	Co-host on Fox News Channel's "The Five"		none	2	1	1	1	0	a discussion on Fox News' "The Five"
12408.json	2 (mostly-true)	We just had the best year for the auto industry in America in history.	economy	hillary-clinton	Presidential candidate	New York	democrat	40	29	69	76	7	remarks at a Kentucky rally
2673.json	1 (half-true)	Says Scott Walker favors cutting up to 350,000 families and children off health care.	health-care,message-machine	greater-wisconsin-political-fund		Wisconsin	none	3	3	3	1	1	a campaign TV ad
7057.json	4 (barely-true)	Says Mitt Romney wants to get rid of Planned Parenthood.	abortion,federal-budget,health-care	planned-parenthood-action-fund	Advocacy group	Washington, D.C.	none	1	0	0	0	0	a radio ad
10215.json	0 (false)	I dont know who (Jonathan Gruber) is.	health-care	nancy-pelosi	House Minority Leader	California	democrat	3	7	11	2	3	a news conference
12517.json	2 (mostly-true)	Hate crimes against American Muslims and mosques have tripled after Paris and San Bernardino.	crime,diversity,homeland-security,terrorism	hillary-clinton	Presidential candidate	New York	democrat	40	29	69	76	7	a speech after a terrorist attack in Orlando
3910.json	1 (half-true)	Rick Perry has never lost an election and remains the only person to have won the Texas governorship three times in landslide elections.	candidates-biography	ted-nugent	musician	Texas	republican	0	0	2	0	2	an oped column.
11092.json	0 (false)	ISIS supporter tweeted at 10:34 a.m. Shooting began at 10:45 a.m. in Chattanooga, Tenn.	technology,terrorism	pamela-geller	President of American Freedom Defense Intitiative	New York	activist	0	1	1	0	0	a tweet
12163.json	2 (mostly-true)	Youth unemployment in minority communities is about 40 to 45 percent.	diversity,economy,jobs	peter-kinder	Lieutenant governor	Missouri	republican	0	0	0	1	1	a gubernatorial debate
13237.json	3 (true)	Says Paul Ryan is still endorsing Trump.	candidates-biography,elections,campaign-advertising	hillary-clinton	Presidential candidate	New York	democrat	40	29	69	76	7	a tweet
5383.json	4 (barely-true)	If you look at states that are right to work, they constantly do not have budget deficits and they have very good business climates.	economy,labor,states,unions,workers	nicholas-kettle	State senator	Rhode Island	republican	1	0	0	0	0	a radio talk show
9727.json	0 (false)	What (the Obama administration is) going to come out with in the next several months is youre not even going to be able to burn coal very limitedly in the existing plants.	climate-change,energy,environment,government-regulation	shelley-moore-capito	U.S. House of Representative	West Virginia	republican	1	1	0	0	0	a campaign ad
8239.json	2 (mostly-true)	We cut business taxes so today 70 percent of our businesses dont pay a business tax.	small-business,taxes	rick-scott	Governor	Florida	republican	28	23	38	34	7	a speech at an Americans for Prosperity Foundation conference
10121.json	2 (mostly-true)	Says Mark Pryor votes with Obama 93 percent of the time.	bipartisanship,voting-record	tom-cotton	U.S. House of Representatives	Arkansas	republican	3	4	2	3	1	a debate
7550.json	3 (true)	We have a federal government that thinks they have the authority to regulate our toilet seats.	consumer-safety,corrections-and-updates,government-regulation,market-regulation,states,supreme-court,workers	ted-cruz	Senator	Texas	republican	36	33	15	19	8	a speech at CPAC
9018.json	3 (true)	Austin is a city that has basically doubled in size every 25 years or so since it was founded.	city-government,population	lee-leffingwell	Austin mayor	Texas	democrat	1	0	4	1	0	his "State of the City" address
1038.json	3 (true)	The nuclear test conducted in our nation this time is the Earth's 2,054th nuclear test. The five permanent members of the U.N. Security Council have conducted 99.99 percent of the total nuclear tests.	military	north-korea			none	0	0	0	0	0	a released statement
2940.json	5 (pants-fire)	In the case of a catastrophic event, the Atlanta-area offices of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention will self-destruct.	health-care,pop-culture	walking-dead			none	0	0	0	0	1	the TV show's season finale
8492.json	3 (true)	Under President George W. Bush, we added $4.9 trillion to the debt. Under President Obama weve added $6.5 trillion to the debt.	debt	kelly-ayotte	U.S. Senator	New Hampshire	republican	2	1	1	4	0	a town hall meeting in Hudson, N.H.
5352.json	0 (false)	Says a U.S. Supreme Court justice suggested that some U.S. cases will be decided based on South African law.	legal-issues,supreme-court	marco-rubio	U.S. Senator	Florida	republican	33	24	32	35	5	a speech at the CPAC conference
12027.json	1 (half-true)	Says Marco Rubio skipped 18 defense votes including one to arm the Kurds to fight ISIS.	military,voting-record	keep-promise-1-pac			republican	0	1	1	0	0	a TV ad
5210.json	5 (pants-fire)	Rep. David Cicilline is responsible for the federal loan guarantee to Solyndra, the failed solar company	energy,stimulus	national-republican-congressional-committee			republican	18	9	8	5	8	a news release
7993.json	5 (pants-fire)	Says Ohio budget item later signed into law by Gov. John Kasich requires women seeking an abortion to undergo a mandatory vaginal probe.	abortion,pundits,women	rachel-maddow	MSNBC host		none	6	6	4	6	1	On “The Rachel Maddow Show,” broadcast on MSNBC
1926.json	0 (false)	"We have a director of homeland security who cannot use and will not use the term 'terrorist attack' but instead substitutes 'man-made disaster.' "	homeland-security,terrorism	jerry-patterson	state land commissioner	Texas	republican	1	1	1	3	0	a speech at the Texas Republican Party Convention
11418.json	1 (half-true)	African-American youth unemployment is 51 percent. Hispanic youth unemployment is 36 percent.	diversity,economy,jobs	bernie-s	U.S. Senator	Vermont	independent	18	12	22	41	0	a Democratic presidential debate in Las Vegas
7990.json	5 (pants-fire)	Obamacare will provide insurance to all non-U.S. residents, even if they are here illegally.	health-care,immigration	chain-email			none	11	43	8	5	105	a long-running chain email
3652.json	0 (false)	President Barack Obama took exactly none of his own deficit reduction commissions ideas. Not one.	deficit,federal-budget	john-boehner	Speaker of the House of Representatives	Ohio	republican	13	22	11	4	2	an interview with ABC news
12848.json	5 (pants-fire)	It was under Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton that changed the rules of engagement that probably cost (Capt. Humayun Khans) life.	iraq,military	katrina-pierson			republican	0	0	0	0	1	an interview on CNN.
13503.json	3 (true)	Hillary Clinton in 2005 co-sponsored legislation that would jail flag burners.	patriotism	blog-posting			none	7	19	3	5	44	Townhall.com
4930.json	4 (barely-true)	Says the paperback edition of Mitt Romneys book deleted line that Massachusetts individual mandate should be the model for the country	health-care,states	rick-perry	Governor	Texas	republican	30	30	42	23	18	a Republican presidential debate in Iowa
13210.json	4 (barely-true)	Maggie Hassan raised tuition, making it the highest in America.	education	national-republican-senatorial-committee			republican	11	5	7	2	5	an ad
8187.json	0 (false)	Says Terry McAuliffe is the person who invented the scheme to rent out the Lincoln Bedroom.	campaign-finance,ethics,history	ken-cuccinelli	Attorney General	Virginia	republican	1	10	3	2	1	a speech.
12758.json	3 (true)	We created 800,000 new jobs, we cut the unemployment rate almost in half and today New York State has more private sector jobs than it has ever had in its history	jobs	andrew-cuomo	Governor	New York	democrat	1	0	0	1	0	a conversation with reporters in Victor, NY.
10693.json	4 (barely-true)	We have towns in West Texas that are out of water, that are having to truck in water.	water	sid-miller	State agriculture commissioner	Texas	republican	1	2	2	0	1	a symposium on water hosted by the Texas Tribune
13077.json	1 (half-true)	In Georgia, women earn 82 cents for every dollar earned by men.	jobs,women	jim-barksdale	Senate Candidate	Georgia	democrat	0	0	2	0	0	On his campaign website
3283.json	1 (half-true)	A federal system that verifies employees are authorized to work in the U.S. is inaccurate anywhere from 50 percent all the way up to in excess of 80 percent of the time.	immigration	david-raynor	Senior Vice President, Government Affairs, Georgia Chamber of Commerce	Georgia	none	0	0	1	0	0	a state legislative committee meeting
12981.json	4 (barely-true)	They were going to build the wall a while ago, not so long ago, like in 06. And they couldnt get environmental impact statements.	immigration	donald-trump	President-Elect	New York	republican	63	114	51	37	61	an interview on Fox News
812.json	0 (false)	"Sen. Obama's campaign announced that he's choosing his cabinet."	elections	john-mccain	U.S. senator	Arizona	republican	31	39	31	37	8	a rally in Bensalem, Pa.
7548.json	2 (mostly-true)	In 2008, only 54 percent of Latinos in Texas were registered to vote and only 35 percent actually turned out.	elections,population	battleground-texas		Texas	democrat	0	0	0	1	0	an adviser's interview on the "Colbert Report."
6000.json	0 (false)	Only 2 percent of public high schools in the country offer PE classes.	education,health-care	michelle-obama		Illinois	democrat	0	2	1	4	0	an interview with NPR
321.json	2 (mostly-true)	Said he's the only Republican candidate "who's actually turned around a government economy."	job-accomplishments	rudy-giuliani	Attorney	New York	republican	9	11	10	7	3	a debate in Boca Raton, Fla.
1779.json	3 (true)	On military recruiters at Harvard, Elena Kagan "took a position and the Supreme Court ruled unanimously that she was wrong."	education,gays-and-lesbians,kagan-nomination,military,supreme-court	john-barrasso	Senator	Wyoming	republican	1	0	0	0	0	an interview on Fox News
1833.json	2 (mostly-true)	There are 321,092 public school teachers in Texas. And there are 313,850 non-teachers in our public schools.	education,message-machine,taxes	empower-texans		Texas	none	1	0	0	1	0	a Web video
8584.json	0 (false)	Under Mayor Cicilline, [Providence] was a sanctuary city.	history,homeland-security,immigration,legal-issues,pundits	john-depetro	Talk-show host	Rhode Island	talk-show-host	0	3	0	0	3	a statement on WPRO-AM
10829.json	5 (pants-fire)	Transgender individuals in the U.S. have a 1-in-12 chance of being murdered.	corrections-and-updates,crime,criminal-justice,sexuality	garnet-coleman	president, ceo of Apartments for America, Inc.	Texas	democrat	1	0	1	0	1	a committee hearing
6612.json	3 (true)	At Bain Capital, we helped start an early childhood learning company called Bright Horizons that First Lady Michelle Obama rightly praised.	candidates-biography,job-accomplishments	mitt-romney	Former governor	Massachusetts	republican	34	32	58	33	19	remarks at the Republican National Convention in Tampa
12056.json	0 (false)	Says the man who rushed the stage at him in Dayton, Ohio, had chatter about ISIS, or with ISIS in his social media posts.	civil-rights,elections,terrorism	donald-trump	President-Elect	New York	republican	63	114	51	37	61	an interview on "Meet the Press"
6161.json	4 (barely-true)	U.S. Rep. Phil Gingrey gave the government the power to electronically spy on Americans without a warrant.	criminal-justice,terrorism	michael-opitz		Georgia	republican	1	0	0	0	0	a YouTube ad
2526.json	4 (barely-true)	Alex Sink funneled three quarters of a million dollars in no-bid contracts to Bank of America.	economy,financial-regulation,message-machine	rick-scott	Governor	Florida	republican	28	23	38	34	7	a TV ad.
3786.json	3 (true)	If you take the population growth here in Virginia, we are net zero on job creation since (Bob McDonnell) became governor.	jobs	terry-mcauliffe	Governor	Virginia	democrat	12	6	2	2	3	a speech.
6697.json	4 (barely-true)	Under Obama, home values in Florida collapsed, construction jobs were lost and the state had a high foreclosure rate.	housing,message-machine-2012	mitt-romney	Former governor	Massachusetts	republican	34	32	58	33	19	a campaign ad
1738.json	2 (mostly-true)	The new Arizona immigration law "says that any police officer can stop anyone who appears to them to be reasonably suspicious of being an undocumented person."	immigration,legal-issues	alfredo-gutierrez	Former state Senator	Arizona	democrat	0	0	0	1	0	an interview on MSNBC's Hardball
7425.json	2 (mostly-true)	The only time in our history when the debt has been higher than this was the end of World War II.	debt	david-cote	President and CEO of Honeywell International		none	0	0	0	1	0	a speech during a “Fix the Debt” press event
10039.json	2 (mostly-true)	The cost of health care is now the single-biggest factor driving down the federal budget deficit.	deficit,federal-budget,health-care	barack-obama	President	Illinois	democrat	70	71	160	163	9	a speech at Northwestern University
2166.json	3 (true)	During the recession, the consumer in his native perversity has begun to save. The savings rate is now 6.2 percent.	economy,abc-news-week	george-will	Columnist	Maryland	columnist	7	6	3	5	1	a roundtable discussion on ABC's "This Week"
1978.json	0 (false)	On whether a U.S. Supreme Court nominee should be forthcoming at confirmation hearings.	kagan-nomination,supreme-court	elena-kagan	U.S. solicitor general	New York	democrat	0	0	1	0	0	a law review article
3005.json	4 (barely-true)	Says one out of three U.S. homeless men is a veteran.	poverty,veterans	texas-veterans-commission			none	1	0	0	0	0	a newspaper article.
9165.json	0 (false)	Says Charlie Crist supports cuts to the Medicare Advantage program.	health-care,medicare	republican-party-florida			republican	10	6	6	6	4	a Facebook post
2109.json	1 (half-true)	I think it is unacceptable for the Chinese today to be larger in wind power and in solar panels and photovoltaic manufacturing than all of Europe put together -- forget the United States.	energy	maurice-ferre	Former mayor of Miami	Florida	democrat	1	0	1	0	0	an editorial board meeting
10053.json	3 (true)	Says Scott Brown co-sponsored legislation to let employers deny women coverage for birth control.	health-care,legal-issues,women	jeanne-shaheen	Senator	New Hampshire	democrat	3	0	4	2	0	a news release
9613.json	1 (half-true)	At some point in their lives, 99% of women use birth control.	sexuality	susan-happ	Jefferson County District Attorney	Wisconsin	democrat	0	0	1	0	0	a press release
3146.json	0 (false)	In the past 20 years, Egypt has made great strides in political and democratic reform.	foreign-policy,abc-news-week	sameh-shoukry			none	0	1	0	0	0	an interview on ABC's "This Week with Christiane Amanpour."
8755.json	0 (false)	The amount of attention paid this week to Chris Christie makes the coverage of Benghazi ... pale in significance.	terrorism,transportation	karl-rove		Texas	republican	2	5	2	8	0	comments on "Fox News Sunday"
9989.json	3 (true)	Says U.S. Rep. Steve Southerland voted to keep the shutdown going.	federal-budget	gwen-graham		Florida	democrat	0	0	1	0	0	a campaign commercial
2044.json	1 (half-true)	In Rick Perrys Texas, we import nurses ... from other countries.	health-care	bill-white	Former mayor of Houston	Texas	democrat	2	3	5	7	3	a speech at the Texas Democratic Party convention
11657.json	2 (mostly-true)	There is a federal criminal law that says its a crime to transport dentures across state lines.	public-health	bob-goodlatte	U.S. Congressman	Virginia	republican	0	1	4	3	0	a radio interview.
11131.json	2 (mostly-true)	We built a new prison every 10 days between 1990 and 2005 to keep up with our mass incarceration explosion of nonviolent offenders.	crime,criminal-justice	cory-booker	U.S. senator	New Jersey	democrat	0	4	2	8	0	a post on Instagram
767.json	4 (barely-true)	Sen. McCain's tax plan provides "virtually nothing to the middle class."	taxes	joe-biden	U.S. senator	Delaware	democrat	11	10	21	16	4	vice presidential debate in St. Louis
10263.json	0 (false)	Austin is burdened by the fastest-growing tax increases of any major city in the nation.	city-budget,city-government,taxes	jim-skaggs	Treasurer, Citizens Against Rail Taxes	Texas	none	0	1	0	0	0	as quoted in a news story
1969.json	0 (false)	Phoenix, Arizona, is the No. 2 kidnapping capital of the world.	immigration	john-mccain	U.S. senator	Arizona	republican	31	39	31	37	8	comments on 'Meet the Press'
10386.json	3 (true)	I belong to the AFL-CIO.	candidates-biography,labor	rick-perry	Governor	Texas	republican	30	30	42	23	18	Texas Public Policy Foundation policy orientation
2020.json	2 (mostly-true)	The insurance commissioner cant do squat about health care.	health-care	ralph-hudgens		Georgia	republican	0	0	0	1	0	a radio interview broadcast over the Internet
4264.json	1 (half-true)	Says a poll found him the only Republican candidate who could beat Barack Obama in Texas -- and by eight points.	polls	mitt-romney	Former governor	Massachusetts	republican	34	32	58	33	19	a New Hampshire town hall.
6359.json	4 (barely-true)	President Ronald Reagan sent troops into conflict only in one circumstance, which was in Grenada We were in a peacekeeping setting in Lebanon.	foreign-policy,history,military	mitt-romney	Former governor	Massachusetts	republican	34	32	58	33	19	an interview on 'Face the Nation.'
8931.json	4 (barely-true)	Says David Jolly supports privatizing Social Security.	social-security	florida-democratic-party		Florida	democrat	5	4	4	5	3	a robocall to 13th Congressional District voters
9213.json	3 (true)	Did you know US population growth is at its lowest since the Great Depression?	immigration,population	robert-sarvis	lawyer, businessman	Virginia	libertarian	0	0	0	1	0	a tweet.
7599.json	2 (mostly-true)	The average student in Florida, what they actually pay out of pocket at our major universities for tuition is as much or less than what they spend on cellphones.	education	will-weatherford	State Representative	Florida	republican	2	3	4	3	0	a Board of Governors meeting
7258.json	3 (true)	Since 1968, more Americans have died from gunfire than died in all the wars of this countrys history.	guns	mark-shields	Columnist and commentator	Washington, D.C.	none	1	0	0	0	0	the PBS NewsHour
7128.json	2 (mostly-true)	A foreclosure tax that would take effect in 2013 could mean a high tax bill for those facing foreclosure and millions of families who modified their mortgage or had a short sale through their lender.	housing	national-association-realtors			none	0	0	0	1	0	a web post

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Dataset Card for [Dataset Name]

Dataset Summary

LIAR is a dataset for fake news detection with 12.8K human labeled short statements from politifact.com's API, and each statement is evaluated by a politifact.com editor for its truthfulness. The distribution of labels in the LIAR dataset is relatively well-balanced: except for 1,050 pants-fire cases, the instances for all other labels range from 2,063 to 2,638. In each case, the labeler provides a lengthy analysis report to ground each judgment.