SMART
Collection
Collection of models and datasets used for ACL 2024 paper, SMART - Submodular Data Mixture Strategy for Instruciton Tuning
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Definition: In this task, you're given passages that contain mentions of names of people, places, or things. Some of these mentions refer to the same person, place, or thing. Your job is to write questions that evaluate one's understanding of such references. Good questions are expected to link pronouns (she, her, him, his, their, etc.) or other mentions to people, places, or things to which they may refer.
Avoid questions that can be answered correctly without actually understanding the paragraph. Avoid questions that do not link phrases referring to the same entity. Avoid questions that have multiple answers.
For each of your questions the answer should be one or more phrases in the paragraph. The answer for each question should be unambiguous.
Input: Context: Beyoncé's second solo album B'Day was released on September 5, 2006, in the US, to coincide with her twenty-fifth birthday. It sold 541,000 copies in its first week and debuted atop the Billboard 200, becoming Beyoncé's second consecutive number-one album in the United States. The album's lead single "Déjà Vu", featuring Jay Z, reached the top five on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. The second international single "Irreplaceable" was a commercial success worldwide, reaching number one in Australia, Hungary, Ireland, New Zealand and the United States. B'Day also produced three other singles; "Ring the Alarm", "Get Me Bodied", and "Green Light" (released in the United Kingdom only).
Output: | How many albums did Beyonce sell in the first week when she released her second album? |
Given a sequence of actions to navigate an agent in its environment, provide the correct command in a limited form of natural language that matches the sequence of actions when executed. Commands are lowercase and encapsulate the logic of the sequence of actions. Actions are individual steps that serve as the building blocks for a command. There are only six actions: 'I_LOOK', 'I_WALK', 'I_RUN', 'I_JUMP', 'I_TURN_LEFT', and 'I_TURN_RIGHT'. These actions respectively align with the commands 'look', 'walk', 'run', 'jump', 'turn left', and 'turn right'. For commands, 'left' and 'right' are used to denote the direction of an action. opposite turns the agent backward in the specified direction. The word 'around' makes the agent execute an action while turning around in the specified direction. The word 'and' means to execute the next scope of the command following the previous scope of the command. The word 'after' signifies to execute the previous scope of the command following the next scope of the command. The words 'twice' and 'thrice' trigger repetition of a command that they scope over two times or three times, respectively. Actions and commands do not have quotations in the input and output.
One example: I_TURN_LEFT I_JUMP
Solution is here: jump left
Explanation: If the agent turned to the left and jumped, then the agent jumped to the left.
Now, solve this: I_TURN_RIGHT I_TURN_RIGHT I_TURN_RIGHT I_TURN_RIGHT I_TURN_RIGHT I_WALK
Solution: | walk opposite right after turn right thrice |
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. Write an incorrect answer to the given question based on the associated fact. You are also provided with the correct answer to the given question. Make sure that your incorrect answer is relevant and similar to the associated fact. Also, try to make the incorrect answer similar to the correct answer so that distinguishing the correct answer from the incorrect answer is not very easy. Make sure you don't accidentally provide another correct answer! Also, make sure they sound reasonable (e.g., might be on a school pop quiz). A good incorrect answer can be constructed using words associated with the question, but not the correct answer. For example, for the question "What helps plants survive?", using words like "weeds", "vase", "bee" (associated with "plant"), or "first aid", "parachute", "accident" (associated with "survive") etc. Your incorrect answers make the question hard, so these results in good incorrect answers.
Fact: Support structures of a plant may store water for some plants.
Question: the support structure of a plant may store what?
Correct Answer: water.
| honey. |
A text is given in Bengali. Translate it from the Bengali language to the Urdu language. The translation must not omit or add information to the original sentence.
Q: আমরা আরও বেশি শক্তি প্রাপ্তিযোগ্যতার এক যুগে প্রবেশ করেছি।
A: | ہم توانائی کی دستیابی کے وسیع عہد میں داخل ہو رہے ہیں۔ |
Q: What is the final step of the following process: - Put the aluminum can into a recycle bin - The cans are transported to a facility - The cans are shredded by a machine - The cans are heated to 1400 degrees to melt them - The molten metal is poured into molds
A: The molds are flattened and rolled into sheets to reuse.
Question: What is the final step of the following process: - Food enters the body - Food begins to be processed by the digestive system - The pancreas releases enzymes to aid digestion - Digested food affects the amount of sugar in the blood - The pancreas releases one hormone to lower the blood sugar (glucose) level
Answer: The pancreas releases another hormone to raisethe blood sugar (glucose) level.
[Q]: What is the final step of the following process: - Acid rain is produced by chemicals that reach into the atmosphere - Falls onto the ground - The acid rain starts scouring rocks - Destroys vegetation
****
[A]: The lack of vegetation alters the surrounding environment.
input: Please answer the following: What is the final step of the following process: - Carbon dioxide enters the leaves through the stomates by diffusion - Water is transported to the leaves in the xylem - Energy harvested through light reaction is stored by forming ATP - Carbon dioxide and energy from ATP are used to create sugar - Oxygen exits the leaves through the stomata by diffusion
++++++++++
output: The plant reuses the water or the water exits through the stomata as water vapor.
Please answer this: What is the final step of the following process: - A plant grows near or on a rock - The plant roots begin to grow - Break apart the rock - The plant acids dissolve parts of the rock - The rocks are broken into more and more pieces
++++++++
Answer: Erosion starts to occur.
Question: What is the final step of the following process: - Warm water floats up from the ocean - A pocket of low pressure air is created near the surface of the ocean - Warm air from outside areas pushes into the low pressure area - The warm air keeps rising and forms clouds - The wind is getting fed moisture that evaporates from the ocean - This moisture causes the swirling air and clouds to grow bigger
Answer: | As it gets bigger the wind rotates faster. |
You will be given two pieces of text with the same meaning. One of them is simpler and easier to understand for non-native English speakers. Complex texts may contain more difficult words, have unnecessary phrases or contain long sentences. Your task is to choose the simpler piece of text. You are expected to output 'Text one' if the first sentence is simpler. Otherwise output 'Text two'.
Example: Text one: From its inception, it was designated a duty-free port and vied with the neighboring Sultanate of Pattani for trade
Text two: From the start, it was chosen to be a duty-free port to compete with the neighboring Sultanate of Pattani for trade.
Example solution: Text two
Example explanation: Text two has simpler words, ,so it is easier to understand by non-native English speakers.
Problem: Text one: Martin Evans and Oliver Smithies worked on the knockout mice.
Text two: Martin Evans and Oliver Smithies worked on the knockout mice.
| Solution: Text one |
Generate a topic word for the given sentence. A topic word is usually the name of a person, place, animal, concept or object the sentence is focusing on.
Q: vieu-d'izenave is a commune.
A: | vieu-d'izenave |
Instructions: The goal of this task is to translate questions in Catalan into English. The requirements of the translation is that: the text must be equivalent in meaning, the text must not be ambiguous, and the text must be written as a question
Input: Quin va ser el primer problema que van trobar els astronautes durant l’exercici d’entrenament i prova?
Output: | What was the first problem astronauts encountered during the plugs-out test? |
In this task, you are given two phrases: Head and Tail, separated with <sep>. The Head and the Tail events are short phrases possibly involving participants. The names of specific people have been replaced by generic words (e.g., PersonX, PersonY, PersonZ). PersonX is always the subject of the event. You have to determine whether the Head can be hindered by what is mentioned in the Tail or not. In this task, hindering introduces hindrances that obstruct the natural path to the achievement of a goal. For example, the event PersonX adopts a cat can be obstructed if PersonX is allergic to cats. Classify your answers into "Yes" and "No". The phrase may also contain "___", a placeholder that can be an object, a person, and/or an action.
Example: Head: PersonX touches a nerve<sep>Tail: PersonX is too nice
Example solution: Yes
Example explanation: This is a good example. The Tail can hinder the Head.
Problem: Head: PersonX accepts ___ in exchange<sep>Tail: to make progress
| Solution: No |
In this task, we ask you to write a question that asks about "event duration", based on a given sentence. The question will likely start with "How long". Your question should be answerable based on the common knowledge of how long certain events usually last. Don't create questions which have explicit mentions of answers in the text. Instead, it has to be implied from what is given. In other words, we want you to use "instinct" or "common sense". Note that the written questions are not required to have a single correct answer.
One example is below.
Q: Sentence: Jack played basketball after school, after which he was very tired.
A: How long did Jack play basketball?
Rationale: the question asks about the duration of an event; therefore it's correct question.
Q: Sentence: Human operators are there to monitor the systems, catch errors and fine-tune the production process for maximum efficiency.
A: | How long do human operators monitor the systems? |
In this task, you are given a list of integers in a random order. You need to return the same list of integers in the reverse order.
Q: [285, 99, 114, 258, 13, 109, 93, 55, 273, 240, 86, 194, 75, 57, 172, 47, 175, 280, 65, 60]
A: | [60, 65, 280, 175, 47, 172, 57, 75, 194, 86, 240, 273, 55, 93, 109, 13, 258, 114, 99, 285] |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you will be presented with a question having multiple possible answers in Urdu language. And you should choose a most suitable option out of "A", "B", "C", "D", and "E" based on your commonsense knowledge.
Q: Question: حفاظت کے خدشات کی وجہ سے ایک قانون منظور ہوا ، اب تمام کاروں کو کیا ہونا چاہئے؟
Options: A کھڑکیاں B تنوں C چار پہیہے D ڈیزل انجن E حفاظتی بیلٹ
A: | E |
Process: - You breathe in - Air goes through all the little branches in your lungs to fill up the air sacs, or alveoli - Oxygen goes through the walls of the alveoli and into the capillaries - The oxygen goes into the bloodstream - Oxygen is left and carbon dioxide is picked up - You breathe it out through your lungs - suppose there is less rain happens, how will it affect less oxygen can go into the bloodstream. Which of the following is the supposed perturbation? - directly impacting a step of the process - indirectly impacting a step of the process - not impacting any step of the process
A: | not impacting any step of the process |
Instructions: This task is about using the specified sentence and converting the sentence to Resource Description Framework (RDF) triplets of the form (subject, predicate object). The RDF triplets generated must be such that the triplets accurately capture the structure and semantics of the input sentence. The input is a sentence and the output is a list of triplets of the form [subject, predicate, object] that capture the relationships present in the sentence. When a sentence has more than 1 RDF triplet possible, the output must contain all of them.
Input: Brian Wallace's term ended on September 1994.
Output: | [['Brian Wallace', 'TO', 'Sep 1994']] |
You are given an original reference as well as a system generated reference. Your task is to judge the naturaleness of the system generated reference. If the utterance could have been produced by a native speaker output 1, else output 0.
Q: System Reference: dosa on fillmore near lower pacific heights offers expensive food.
Original Reference: dosa on fillmore is an expensive restaurant -s near lower pacific heights.
A: | 1 |
You are asked to create a question containing a blank (_), based on the given context word. Your question must contain two related but different objects; for example "trophy" and "suitcase". The expected answer to your question must be one of the objects present in the sentence. The expected answer must not be associated with any specific word in the question; instead it should depend on the context present in the question. The expected answer should not be equally likely to fill the blank. For your question, there should be a agreed upon answer to fill in the blank. Your generations should NOT contain potentially explicit, offensive, or adult content. Do not use animals or proper nouns (e.g., New York, Macbook, Jeff Bezos, McDonald's, ...) as your objects. Avoid repeating the same style, pattern or phrases in each question, try to increase diversity by varying sentence structure, blank placement etc. Your question must contain at least 15 and at most 30 words. You must utilize the given context word while writing the question. Your question must contain only one blank. Make sure that Object X and Y have the same number e.g. when ObjectX is singular, Object Y must be singular, too. The two objects (Object X & Object Y) should be used ONCE in your question. Here is a list of attributes and associated pair of contrastive words which may be used to create a valid question using the objects. You can use either of the contrastive words, but not both. You should think about more such attributes and associated words and use them in your question.
| Attribute | triggerword | contrastive triggerword |
| age | old | new |
| altitude | low | high |
| area | small | vast |
| brightness | dark | light |
| clarity | obscure | clear |
| cleanness | dirty | clean |
| complexity | simple | complex |
| cost | cheap | expensive |
| density | sparse | dense |
| depth | shallow | deep |
| distance | near | far |
| electric conductivity | low | high |
| flexibility | rigid | flexible |
| granularity | fine | coarse |
| hardness | soft | hard |
| length | short | long |
| magnitude | small | large |
| mass | small | large |
| odor | weak | strong |
| pressure | low | high |
| resistance | low | high |
| shape | round | sharp |
| shape | flat | spiky |
| size | small | large |
| sound | quiet | loud |
| sound pitch | low | high |
| speed | slow | fast |
| stability | unstable | stable |
| strength | weak | strong |
| temperature | low | high |
| texture | smooth | rough |
| thermal conductivity | low | high |
| thickness | thin | thick |
| volume | small | large |
| weight | light | heavy |
| width | narrow | wide |
| location | in | out |
| location | up | down |
| location | above | below |
| location | on | off |
| location | to | from |
One example: Context word: fit.
Solution is here: The trophy doesn't fit into the brown suitcase because _ is too large.
Explanation: The question is about two related but different objects (i) "trophy" and (ii) "suitcase". The quesion contains exactly one blank (_). The expected answer is "trophy" which is one of the objects.
Now, solve this: Context Word: picnic.
Solution: | Maria decided to take hot coffee and banana pudding to the picnic, so she put the _ in a thermos to keep it hot. |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, we ask you to write an implausible answer to a question that involves "transient v. stationary" events, i.e., the understanding of whether an event will change over time or not. For example, the sentence "he was born in the U.S." contains a stationary event since it will last forever; however, "he is hungry" contains a transient event since it will remain true for a short period of time. Even though there exist multiple wrong answers, we only need a single wrong answer. Please try to keep your "answer" as simple as possible. Concise and simple "answer" is preferred over those complex and verbose ones.
Problem:Sentence: Cathy Wallace did not always know what she wanted to be when she grew up.
Question: Did Cathy always have this unsure feeling?
Solution: | she know whether she had actually been pregnant. |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
In this task, you are given a sentence and a category word that defines the relation between the input sentence and the output to be generated. Your job is to generate another sentence that satisfies the relation specified by the category. If the category is specified as entailment, then the output sentence must clearly agree with the input sentence. If the category specified is contradiction , then the output sentence must clearly disagree with the input sentence.
sentence_A: There is no man mixing. category: contradiction
Output: | A man is mixing |
Instructions: In this task, we ask you to write an answer to a question that involves events that may be stationary (not changing over time) or transient (changing over time). For example, the sentence "he was born in the U.S." contains a stationary event since it will last forever; however, "he is hungry" contains a transient event since it will remain true for a short period of time. Note that a lot of the questions could have more than one correct answer. We only need a single most-likely answer. Please try to keep your "answer" as simple as possible. Concise and simple "answer" is preferred over those complex and verbose ones.
Input: Sentence: He continued long into the night, until the eldritch orb had sunk into the waiting hands of the willow, raised perpetually skyward.
Question: Had the eldritch orb sunk into the hands of the willow before it raised skyward?
Output: | yes. |
Sometimes users of dialogue systems ask vague questions/queries from the system. In this case, the system asks them a clarifying question to be able to answer it correctly. In this task, you are given a question/query in natural language and your task is to ask a good clarifying question to understand the given question/query more precisely.
Tell me about Internet phone serices. | are you interested in price comparison of packages |
Definition: A text is given in Oriya. Translate it from the Oriya language to the Telugu language. The translation must not omit or add information to the original sentence.
Input: ପ୍ରଧାନମନ୍ତ୍ରୀ କହିଲେ ଯେ ଆୟୁଷ୍ମାନ ଭାରତକୁ ସୁଦୃଢ଼ କରିବା ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ ସମୟର ଆବଶ୍ୟକତା । “ ଆମେ ଚାହୁଁ କି ଆମ ଗରିବ ଜନସାଧାରଣ ଶସ୍ତାରେ ଉଚ୍ଚ ଗୁଣାତ୍ମକ ଚିକିତ୍ସା ପାଆନ୍ତୁ,” ବୋଲି ପ୍ରଧାନମନ୍ତ୍ରୀ କହିଥିଲେ ।
Output: | 2014 లో, సెంట్రల్ హాల్ లో మొదటి సారి, నా దేశ ప్రజలు నా యొక్క ఆలోచనల ను మీ ముందు ఉంచే అవకాశాన్ని కల్పించినప్పుడు, నా ప్రభుత్వం పేద ప్రజలకు అంకితమని మాత్రమే చెప్పాను. |
Detailed Instructions: The provided file includes inquiries about restaurants in Chinese, and we ask you to translate those to English language. Please bear in mind the following guidelines while doing the translation: 1) We are looking for the most naturally written and formal form of each sentence in your language. We are *NOT* looking for colloquial forms of the sentence. We are looking for formal form which is how you would type your queries in a text-based virtual assistant. 2) The words between quotation marks *SHOULD NOT* be translated. We expect you to keep those values intact and include the quotation marks around them as well. 3) The fully capitalized words like DATE_0, or DURATION_0 *SHOULD NOT* be translated. Please keep them as they are in the translations. 4) Please do not localize measurement units like miles to kilometers during your translation. miles should be translated to its equivalent in your language. 6) Note the input is all lowercased except for fully capitalized special placeholders (e.g. NUMBER, DATE, TIME). Please do the same in your translations.
Problem:查找所有供应" new american "菜系的餐厅。
Solution: | find me all restaurants that serve " new american " cuisine . |
Given a sentence in the Japanese and Lao language. Your task is check if the Lao sentence is translation of Japanese. if the translation is correct than generate label "Yes", otherwise generate label "No".
Example: Japanese: 詳細は昨日UTC17時30分、英国議会でイギリスのルス・ケリー運輸大臣によって伝えられた。
Lao: ຂໍ້ມູນໄດ້ຖືກສະໜອງໂດຍ ເລຂາທິການຂົນສົ່ງ ສະຫະລາຊະອານາຈັກ ຣູດ ເຄລີ່ ໃນສະພາຕໍ່າ ທີ່ 1730 UTC ມື້ວານນີ້.
Example solution: Yes
Example explanation: The converted Lao sentence is correctly translated from Japanese because converted sentence has the same message as the original Japanese sentence that Details were given yesterday in the House of Commons at 1730 UTC by Britain's Transport Secretary Ruth Kelly.
Problem: Japanese: 自殺する前に、彼はウェブサイトに遺書を公表した。
Lao: ກ່ອນເຫດການດັ່ງກ່າວ ລາວໄດ້ລົງຂໍ້ຄວາມການຂ້າຕົວຕາຍໃນເວັບໄຊທຂອງລາວ.
| Solution: Yes |
In this task, you're given a pair of sentences in the Persian Language written in the Persian alphabet. Your job is to choose whether the two sentences agree (entailment), disagree (contradiction), or neither (neutral). Your answer must be in the form of the letters E, C, and N, respectively. The sentences have been separated by a newline character.
Example: ویژگی های هنر عصر اموی: ۱- تلفیقی بودن ۲- بازنمایی نوعی تفنن و تفریح ۳- نقاشی های تزئینی و تندیس های بی کیفیت
نقاشی های تزئینی و تندیس های بیکیفیت، یکی از ویژگی های هنر عصر اموی است.
Example solution: E
Example explanation: The second sentence agrees with the first sentence.
Problem: آخرین جنگ بین ایران و عثمانی (قبل از فروپاشی این امپراطوری در سال ۱۹۲۰ میلادی) در سال ۱۸۲۳ میلادی در زمان سلطنت فتحعلی شاه قاجار رخ داد که منجر به عقد قرارداد معروف ارزروم گردید.
واپسین جنگ ایران و عثمانی در زمان سلطنت فتحعلی شاه قاجار منجر به عقد قرارداد ارزروم گردید.
| Solution: E |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
Read an exchange between SENDER A and SENDER B, and answer whether SENDER A is a 'Bot' or a 'Human'. There are only a maximum of two senders (A and B) per conversation, and there are no conversations where SENDER A and SENDER B are both bots, or both humans; only one sender per conversation can be a bot, and only one can be a human. Knowing this, need only to classify whether SENDER A is 'Human' or 'Bot'; you do not need to write anything about SENDER B. Typically, bots will have a more disjointed manner of speaking, and will make statements that don't relate to each other, don't make coherent sense, or otherwise appear unnatural. Humans will make statements in a more or less coherent and logical way, potentially including asking the bot why the bot is not making sense or contradicting itself.
SENDER A: i have no idea who that is . i am a little weird with two toes .
SENDER B: how are you ?
SENDER A: i am doing well . just got done with my nightly run .
SENDER B: i like to eat meat
SENDER A: i like to eat healthy but i do not eat meat .
SENDER B: are you vegan ?
SENDER A: i am not . i am not a vegan .
SENDER B: it's good
SENDER A: i think it is a little thing . i am sure you will find someone who has never seen it .
SENDER B: do you like sex?
SENDER A: i like to draw and write about it
SENDER B: ohh
SENDER A: i am a huge fan of all sorts of sports .
Output: | Bot |
Detailed Instructions: We would like you to assess the QUALITY of each of the following argument (discussing Gun Control) and determine if the argument is Valid or Invalid. A valid argument is clearly interpretable and either expresses an argument, or a premise or a conclusion that can be used in an argument for the topic of gun control. An invalid argument is a phrase that cannot be interpreted as an argument or not on the topic of gun control.
Q: Just remember that "in the name of protecting the country from violent enemies" politicians want to pass a bill that will ban gun ownership to anybody whose name is in the suspected terrorist watchlist.
A: | Valid |
You are given a target profession, and two sentences. Your task is to determine whether the second sentence is either a stereotype, anti-stereotype, or is unrelated with respect to the first sentence and the target. A stereotype is a widely held but oversimplified notion of a group of people. An anti-stereotype is an idea that goes against the widely held but oversimplified notion of a group of people. Sentences and targets are unrelated if there is no relevance between them.
Example: Target: musician
Mark's child became a musician after school. I painted my walls blue but I'm considering adding some appliques to increase interest.
Example solution: unrelated
Example explanation: This is unrelated because the second sentence has no relevance with the first one.
Problem: Target: engineer
The engineer is making a burger. He has a girlfriend and can be a good teammate without being too controlling.
| Solution: anti-stereotype |
In this task, you are given a abstract of article and corresponding title of an article. Your task is to generate label "yes" if title is right for article, otherwise generate "no".
Example: Abstract: This study was designed to determine the influence of a long-term, moderate-intensity treadmill training program on the distribution of blood flow within and among muscles of rats during exercise. One group (T) of male Sprague-Dawley rats trained for 1 h/day for 13-17 wk at 30 m/min on a motor-driven treadmill. A second group (UT) of rats was conditioned for 10 min/day for 4 wk at the same speed. Muscle succinate dehydrogenase activities were higher in T than UT rats indicating a significant training effect. Blood flows (BFs) in 32 hindlimb muscles or muscle parts and other selected organs were measured in the two groups with radiolabeled microspheres during preexercise and while the rats ran for 30 s, 5 min, or 15 min at 30 m/min on the treadmill. The data indicate 1) there were no differences in total hindlimb muscle BF between UT and T rats at any time; however, 2) T rats had higher preexercise heart rates and higher muscle BFs in the deep red extensor muscles, suggesting a greater anticipatory response to the impending exercise; 3) T rats demonstrated more rapid elevations in BF in the red extensor muscles at the commencement of exercise; 4) T rats had higher BFs in red extensor muscles during exercise, whereas UT rats had higher BFs in white muscles; and 5) T rats maintained higher BFs in the visceral organs during exercise. These findings demonstrate that exercise training results in changes in the distribution of BF within and among muscles and among organs during exercise. Specifically, data indicate the high-oxidative motor units that are primarily recruited in the muscles during the initial stages of moderate treadmill exercise receive higher blood flows in the trained rats; this presumably contributes to increased resistance to fatigue.. Title: Exercise blood flow patterns within and among rat muscles after training.
Example solution: yes
Example explanation: Title is appropriate for the given abstract because the focus of this abstract is cerebral white matter assesment.
Problem: Abstract: All cells perceive and respond to environmental stresses through elaborate stress-sensing networks. Yeast cells sense stress through diverse signaling pathways that converge on the transcription factors Msn2 and Msn4, which respond by initiating rapid, idiosyncratic cycles into and out of the nucleus. To understand the role of Msn2/4 nuclear localization dynamics, we combined time-lapse studies of Msn2-GFP localization in living cells with computational modeling of stress-sensing signaling networks. We find that several signaling pathways, including Ras/protein kinase A, AMP-activated kinase, the high-osmolarity response mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, and protein phosphatase 1, regulate activation of Msn2 in distinct ways in response to different stresses. Moreover, we find that bursts of nuclear localization elicit a more robust transcriptional response than does sustained nuclear localization. Using stochastic modeling, we reproduce in silico the responses of Msn2 to different stresses, and demonstrate that bursts of localization arise from noise in the signaling pathways amplified by the small number of Msn2 molecules in the cell. This noise imparts diverse behaviors to genetically identical cells, allowing cell populations to "hedge their bets" in responding to an uncertain future, and to balance growth and survival in an unpredictable environment.. Title: Stem Cells and Early Lineage Development
| Solution: no |
You are given a sentence in Arabic. Your job is to translate the Arabic sentence into Galician.
Q: ولكن جده كان يرى مثل تلك الهلاوس.
A: | Foi o seu avó quen as tivo. |
Detailed Instructions: This task is about identifying the subject of a given sentence. The subject of a sentence is the person, place, or thing that is performing the action of the sentence. The subject represents what or whom the sentence is about. Each sentence in this task is guaranteed to contain a single subject. The input is a sentence and the output is the identified subject of that sentence.
Q: 22 games played with 17 won.
A: | 22 |
Given a sequence of actions to navigate an agent in its environment, provide the correct command in a limited form of natural language that matches the sequence of actions when executed. Commands are lowercase and encapsulate the logic of the sequence of actions. Actions are individual steps that serve as the building blocks for a command. There are only six actions: 'I_LOOK', 'I_WALK', 'I_RUN', 'I_JUMP', 'I_TURN_LEFT', and 'I_TURN_RIGHT'. These actions respectively align with the commands 'look', 'walk', 'run', 'jump', 'turn left', and 'turn right'. For commands, 'left' and 'right' are used to denote the direction of an action. opposite turns the agent backward in the specified direction. The word 'around' makes the agent execute an action while turning around in the specified direction. The word 'and' means to execute the next scope of the command following the previous scope of the command. The word 'after' signifies to execute the previous scope of the command following the next scope of the command. The words 'twice' and 'thrice' trigger repetition of a command that they scope over two times or three times, respectively. Actions and commands do not have quotations in the input and output.
One example: I_TURN_LEFT I_JUMP
Solution is here: jump left
Explanation: If the agent turned to the left and jumped, then the agent jumped to the left.
Now, solve this: I_TURN_RIGHT I_RUN I_TURN_RIGHT I_RUN I_TURN_RIGHT I_RUN I_TURN_RIGHT I_RUN I_TURN_RIGHT I_RUN I_TURN_RIGHT I_RUN I_TURN_RIGHT I_RUN I_TURN_RIGHT I_RUN I_TURN_RIGHT I_RUN I_TURN_RIGHT I_RUN I_TURN_RIGHT I_RUN I_TURN_RIGHT I_RUN I_RUN
Solution: | run after run around right thrice |
q: The most advantageous type of reproduction can be chosen when generational what is used?
Options:
- (A) Plants growth
- (B) alternation
- (C) competition
- (D) Chemical energy
- (E) A computer
- (F) colors
- (G) Energy.
- (H) Energy
a: (B)... Explanation: Alternation of generations allows for both asexual and sexual reproduction. Advantages and disadvantages of sexual as opposed to asexual means of reproduction. Alternation of generations allows for using the most advantageous type of reproduction. That's why the answer is (B).
q: Why can amphibians easily absorb toxins?
Options:
- (A) salamanders
- (B) permeable skin
- (C) hydrate their cells
- (D) it needs them
- (E) poisonous frogs
- (F) Pesticides
- (G) cold blooded
- (H) bending light rays
a: (B)... Explanation: Amphibians have permeable skin that easily absorbs substances from the environment. Natural Toxins Toxins are poisonous substances from bacterias, plants or animals. Amphibians have permeable skin that can easily absorb toxins from bacterias, plants or animals. That's why the answer is (B).
q: Where do dogs store energy?
Options:
- (A) Something coming from a gland
- (B) saturated fatty acids
- (C) Earth orbiting the Sun
- (D) the environment
- (E) Slowing the transfer of heat
- (F) an organism's body
- (G) it keeps an organism warm
- (H) it helps plants in growing
a: (B)... Explanation: Animals use saturated fatty acids to store energy. All dogs are animals . Dogs use saturated fatty acids to store energy. That's why the answer is (B).
q: What clusters around the heat of submarine volcanoes?
Options:
- (A) ferns
- (B) organisms
- (C) vegetation
- (D) humans
- (E) emissions
- (F) Energy
- (G) insects
- (H) the sun
a: | (B)... Explanation: Organisms cluster around hydrothermal vents in the ocean floor. Hydrothermal vents are powered by the heat of submarine volcanoes. Organisms cluster around the heat of submarine volcanoes. That's why the answer is (B). |
In this task, you're given a review from Amazon and category of the product based on the review given by the user and your task is classify whether the given category match the review. Generate "True" if given review and its category match, otherwise generate "False".
Example input: Review: Arrived broken. Manufacturer defect. Two of the legs of the base were not completely formed, so there was no way to insert the casters. I unpackaged the entire chair and hardware before noticing this. So, I'll spend twice the amount of time boxing up the whole useless thing and send it back with a 1-star review of part of a chair I never got to sit in. I will go so far as to include a picture of what their injection molding and quality assurance process missed though. I will be hesitant to buy again. It makes me wonder if there aren't missing structures and supports that don't impede the assembly process.
Category: furniture
Example output: True
Example explanation: It's the correct category. Because the customer gives a review of the product which belongs to the furniture category, which we can see it from the way the customer describes his experience sharing how he unpackaged his chair.
Q: Reviews: I've purchased 3 of these cases so far - all 3 have been defective or have broke in less than a month. The part that snaps is the plastic frame around the screen. 2 of the cases broke with very light use, 1 of the cases had defects in the silicone mold which made it unusable. I would recommend spending a few more bucks on something else.
Category: wireless
A: | True |
In this task, you need to indicate the presence of temporal reasoning in the provided question. Questions that involve temporal reasoning/understanding contain one of the following five temporal phenomena: First: "event duration", is defined as the understanding of how long events last (e.g.,"brushing teeth" usually takes a few minutes). Second: "transient v. stationary" events, which are based on the understanding of whether an event will change over time or not (e.g., "being born in the U.S." is a stationary event since it will last forever; "being hungry" is a transient event since it lasts for a short period of time). Third: "event ordering" is the understanding of how events are usually ordered (e.g., "earning money" usually comes before "spending money"). Fourth: "absolute timepoint" of events which is the understanding of when events usually happen (e.g., "going to school" usually happens during the day, not at 2 A.M). The last category is "frequency" of events, which refers to how often events are repeated (e.g., "taking showers" typically occurs ~5 times a week, "going to Saturday market" usually happens every few weeks/months, etc.). Indicate with `Yes` if the question involves temporal reasoning. Indicate with `No`, otherwise.
Example: Sentence: Jack played basketball after school, after which he was very tired.
Question: How long did Jack play basketball?
Example solution: Yes.
Example explanation: The question asks about the duration of an event; therefore it's a temporal question.
Problem: Sentence: She told me that she was heading for a drink and slipped out of the crowd.
Question: How long was she at the bar?
| Solution: Yes. |
You are provided with an arithmetic question. Your task is to compute the solution using the given arithmetic operations. The only arithmetic operators needed to answer the questions are'+'(addition) and'-'(subtraction). The answer should be correct to one decimal place.
One example is below.
Q: Joan found 70 seashells on the beach. She gave Sam some of her seashells, after which she has 27 seashell left. How many seashells did she give to Sam?
A: 43.0
Rationale: The total number of seashells found by Joan is 70. Since she now has 27 seashells left, it implies that she gave 70-27 = 43 seashells to Sam. Hence the correct answer till 1st decimal place is 43.0.
Q: Sam has 110 books. Joan has 102 books. How many books do theyhave together?
A: | 212.0 |
You are given a target person and two sentences. Your task is to determine whether the second sentence conveys either a stereotype, anti-stereotype, or is unrelated with respect to the first sentence and the target. A stereotype is a widely held but oversimplified notion of a group of people. An anti-stereotype is an idea that goes against the widely held but oversimplified notion of a group of people. Sentences and targets are unrelated if there is no relevance between them.
Q: Target: grandfather
My grandfather sells cars. He likes to pet cats and knit sweaters.
A: | anti-stereotype |
You are given a dialog between 2 or more individuals. You need to generate the number of the speaker (e.g. 1 for Speaker 1) who had the most lines in the dialog. If there is a tie, output the answer '0'.
Example input: Speaker 1: What do you think we should do for our 10th wedding anniversary?
Speaker 2: Hm, how about we take a vacation? Somewhere sandy and warm.
Speaker 1: Well, if we're going to go out of the country, you need to be sure to renew your passport. It expired over a year ago!
Speaker 2: How about we get something expensive instead of travelling. We could get a new car.
Speaker 1: Is this your way of telling me that you want me to buy you a car?
Example output: 1
Example explanation: In this dialog, there are 5 lines of speech. Three of them belong to Speaker 1 and two of them belong to Speaker 2. Therefore, Speaker 1 has the most lines in the dialog.
Q: Speaker 1: Hi, we're the Rostins. Err, I'm J.C., and he's Michael, and we're having a boy, and a girl.
Speaker 2: Good for you. Alrighty, next?
Speaker 3: Hi, um, I'm err, I'm Ross Geller, and err ah.....that's, that's my boy in there, and uh, this is Carol Willick, and this... is Susan Bunch. Susan is um Carol's, just, com.....who's next?
Speaker 2: I'm sorry, I didn't get... Susan is?
Speaker 3: Susan is Carol's, Carol's, Carol's, friend...
Speaker 4: Life partner.
Speaker 3: Like buddies.
Speaker 5: Like lovers.
Speaker 3: You know how close women can get.
Speaker 4: Susan and I live together.
Speaker 3: Although I was married to her.
Speaker 5: Carol, not me.
Speaker 3: Err, right.
Speaker 4: It's a little complicated.
Speaker 3: A little.
Speaker 5: But we're fine.
Speaker 3: Absolutely. So, twins... hah! That's like two births. Ouch.
A: | 3 |
In medical studies, treatments are tested within a group of study participants. You will be given a sentence of a study report in which your task is to list the phrases that give information about the participants of the study. You should list the phrases in the same order that they appear in the text, separated by commas. If no information about the participants is mentioned, just output "not found". Relevant information about participants include: gender, medical conditions, location, number of people participating. Do not contain participant mentions without relevant information.
Q: 21 patients ( age 0-2 months ) and 40 healthy infants ( age 0-2 months ) were investigated .
A: | not found |
In this task you are given a medical question pair hand-generated. Your task is to classify a given post into two categories 1) 'Similar' if the given two questions have a same connotation 2) 'Dissimilar' if the given two questions have a different connotation or meaning.
Example: Sentence1: After how many hour from drinking an antibiotic can I drink alcohol?
Sentence2: I have a party tonight and I took my last dose of Azithromycin this morning. Can I have a few drinks?
Example solution: Similar
Example explanation: The first sentence ask about the number of hours to drink again after having an antibiotic and the second sentence also ask question about having drinks having later at night after having Azithromycin an antibiotic.
Problem: Sentence1: What do you recommend to treat a severed posterior longitudinal ligament?
Sentence2: My MRI report is out and it shows Post Longitudnal lig tear. Is there a treatment for this?
| Solution: Similar |
Given the following Catalan sentence, indicate the name entities (i.e., the real-world objects such as a person, location, organization, etc. that can be denoted with a proper name) such as 'New York Times'. For each words of a named-entity, indicate their type 'LOC' or 'ORG' or 'PER', where 'LOC' indicates a location entity (such as 'New York City', 'ORG' indicates the token of an organization (such as 'Amazon'), 'PER' indicates the tokens of a person entity (such as 'Jeff Bezos'). Named entities with other types should be indicated with 'MISC'. To indicate boundaries of an entity, use IOB (Inside-Output-Begin) prefixes. The B- prefix before a tag indicates that the word is the beginning of a named entity. The I- prefix indicates that the word is inside a bigger chunk. For example, you can break 'New York' to 'New' and 'York.' and tag them as 'B-LOC' and 'I-LOC'. Any token that doesn't belong to a named entity must be tagged with 'O'.
La protesta ha aplegat una setantena d' empleats , gairebé el total de la plantilla , que és de 80 treballadors . | La (O) protesta (O) ha (O) aplegat (O) una (O) setantena (O) d' (O) empleats (O) , (O) gairebé (O) el (O) total (O) de (O) la (O) plantilla (O) , (O) que (O) és (O) de (O) 80 (O) treballadors (O) . (O) |
You are given a sentence in Spanish. Your job is to translate the Spanish sentence into Hebrew.
Example input: Pero comenzamos con la idea de un niño por vez.
Example output: אבל התחלנו לממש את הרעיון של ללמד כל ילד בנפרד.
Example explanation: The Spanish sentence is correctly translated into Hebrew, because the meaning is preserved.
Q: La pieza crítica que está ausente es el paciente.
A: | אבל החלק הקריטי שחסר הוא החולה. |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you are given a sentence that is either in the Yoruba language or the English language. Your task is to identify the language of the input sentence. Input sentences should be in Yoruba or English language and also it cannot have two languages at a time.
Q: “Wọ́n tún gbà pé ìpàdé ìjọ wà lára ohun tí Kristẹni kan gbọ́dọ̀ máa pésẹ̀ sí.
A: | Yoruba |
The provided file includes inquiries about restaurants, and we ask you to translate those to the Polish language. Please bear in mind the following guidlines while doing the translation: 1) We are looking for the most naturally written and formal form of each sentence in your language. We are *NOT* looking for colloquial forms of the sentence. We are looking for formal form which is how you would type your queries in a text-based virtual assistant. 2) The words between quotation marks *SHOULD NOT* be translated. We expect you to keep those values intact and include the quotation marks around them as well. 3) The fully capitalized words like DATE_0, or DURATION_0 *SHOULD NOT* be translated. Please keep them as they are in the translations. 4) Please do not localize measurement units like miles to kilometers during your translation. miles should be translated to its equivalent in your language. 6) Note the input is all lowercased except for special placeholders. Please do the same in your translations.
Q: find restaurants with more than 3 reviews .
A: | znajdź restauracje, które mają przynajmniej 3 opinii. |
In this task, you are given a sentence and a gender. The sentence mentions two professions: one's gender is unknown and the other's gender can be identified using the gendered pronouns that refer to them in the text. You are expected to return the profession with the given gender.
One example: Sentence: The chief refused to help the attendant with the car because that was his job.
Gender: male
Solution is here: Attendant
Explanation: The pronoun "he" is linked to the attendant rather than the chief.
Now, solve this: Sentence: The construction worker handed forms to the clerk so that she can start a new development project.
Gender: female
Solution: | Construction worker |
In this task you will be given a list of numbers and you need to find the mean (average) of that list. The mean of a list can be found by summing every number in the list then dividing the result by the size of that list. The output should be rounded to 3 decimal places.
One example: [1,3,5]
Solution is here: 3.000
Explanation: The mean of the input list is (1+3+5)/3, which equals 3. This is a good example.
Now, solve this: [-2.577, 195.355, -15.036, 213.694, 165.693, -66.406, -99.812, 55.565, -49.103, 58.171]
Solution: | 45.554 |
Given an Amazon customer review, write a title for the review. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.
Q: Works fine. Quick shipment
A: | Good purchase |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill.
Problem:SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the ``San Gabriel Basin Water Quality
Initiative''.
SEC. 2. SAN GABRIEL BASIN RESTORATION.
(a) San Gabriel Basin Restoration.--
(1) Establishment of fund.--There shall be established
within the Treasury of the United States an interest bearing
account to be known as the San Gabriel Basin Restoration Fund
(in this section referred to as the ``Restoration Fund'').
(2) Administration of fund.--The Restoration Fund shall be
administered by the Secretary of the Army, acting through the
Chief of Engineers (in this Act referred to as the
``Secretary''). The Secretary shall administer the Fund in
cooperation with the San Gabriel Basin Water Quality Authority,
or its successor agency.
(3) Purposes of fund.--
(A) In general.--Subject to subparagraph (B), the
amounts in the Restoration Fund, including interest
accrued, shall be utilized by the Secretary--
(i) to design and construct water quality
projects to be administered by the San Gabriel
Basin Water Quality Authority and the Central
Basin Water Quality Project to be administered
by the Central Basin Municipal Water District;
and
(ii) to operate and maintain any project
constructed under this section for such period
as the Secretary determines, but not to exceed
10 years, following the initial date of
operation of the project.
(B) Cost-sharing limitation.--The Secretary may not
obligate any funds appropriated to the Restoration Fund
in a fiscal year until the Secretary has deposited in the Fund an
amount provided by non-Federal interests sufficient to ensure that at
least 35 percent of any funds obligated by the Secretary are from funds
provided to the Secretary by the non-Federal interests. The San Gabriel
Basin Water Quality Authority shall be responsible for providing the
non-Federal amount required by the preceding sentence. The State of
California, local government agencies, and private entities may provide
all or any portion of such amount.
(b) Compliance With Applicable Law.--In carrying out the activities
described in this section, the Secretary shall comply with any
applicable Federal and State laws.
(c) Relationship to Other Activities.--Nothing in this section
shall be construed to affect other Federal or State authorities that
are being used or may be used to facilitate the cleanup and protection
of the San Gabriel and Central groundwater basins. In carrying out the
activities described in this section, the Secretary shall integrate
such activities with ongoing Federal and State projects and activities.
None of the funds made available for such activities pursuant to this
section shall be counted against any Federal authorization ceiling
established for any previously authorized Federal projects or
activities.
(d) Authorization of Appropriations.--
(1) In general.--There is authorized to be appropriated to
the Restoration Fund established under subsection (a)
$85,000,000. Such funds shall remain available until expended.
(2) Set-aside.--Of the amounts appropriated under paragraph
(1), no more than $10,000,000 shall be available to carry out
the Central Basin Water Quality Project.
SEC. 3. PERCHLORATE.
(a) In General.--The Secretary, in cooperation with Federal, State,
and local government agencies, is authorized to participate in studies
and other investigative activities and in the planning and design of
projects determined by the Secretary to offer a long-term solution to
the problem of groundwater contamination caused by perchlorates.
(b) Investigations and Projects.--
(1) Bosque and leon rivers.--The Secretary, in coordination
with other Federal agencies and the Brazos River Authority,
shall participate under subsection (a) in investigations and
projects in the Bosque and Leon River watersheds in Texas to
assess the impact of the perchlorate associated with the former
Naval ``Weapons Industrial Reserve Plant'' at McGregor, Texas.
(2) Caddo lake.--The Secretary, in coordination with other
Federal agencies and the Northeast Texas Municipal Water
District, shall participate under subsection (a) in
investigations and projects relating to perchlorate
contamination in Caddo Lake, Texas.
(3) Eastern santa clara basin.--The Secretary, in
coordination with other Federal, State, and local government
agencies, shall participate under subsection (a) in
investigations and projects related to sites that are sources
of perchlorates and that are located in the city of Santa
Clarita, California.
(c) Authorization of Appropriations.--For the purposes of carrying
out the activities authorized in this section, there is authorized to
be appropriated to the Secretary $25,000,000, of which not to exceed
$8,000,000 shall be available to carry out subsection (b)(1), not to
exceed $3,000,000 shall be available to carry out subsection (b)(2),
and not to exceed $7,000,000 shall be available to carry out subsection
(b)(3).
Passed the House of Representatives March 28, 2000.
Attest:
JEFF TRANDAHL,
Clerk.
Solution: | Prohibits the Secretary from obligating any funds appropriated to the Restoration Fund in a fiscal year until the Secretary has deposited in such fund an amount provided by non-Federal interests sufficient to ensure that at least 35 percent of any funds obligated by the Secretary are from funds provided by such interests. Makes the San Gabriel Basin Water Quality Authority responsible for providing such amount. Permits the State of California, local government agencies, and private entities to provide all or any portion of such amount.
Authorizes appropriations. Provides that no more than $10 million of such authorization shall be available to carry out such project.
Authorizes the Secretary, in cooperation with Federal, State, and local government agencies, to participate in studies and other investigative activities and in the planning and design of projects which offer a long- term solution to the problem of groundwater contamination caused by perchlorates.
Directs the Secretary, under such study: (1) in coordination with other Federal agencies and the Brazos River Authority, to participate in investigations and projects in the Bosque and Leon River watersheds in Texas to assess the impact of the perchlorate associated with the former Naval "Weapons Industrial Reserve Plant" at McGregor, Texas; (2) in coordination with other Federal agencies and the Northeast Texas Municipal Water District, to participate in investigations and projects relating to perchlorate contamination in Caddo Lake, Texas; and (3) in coordination with other Federal, State, and local government agencies, to participate in investigations and projects related to sites that are sources of perchlorates and that are located in Santa Clarita, California. Authorizes appropriations for such study, of which not more than separate, specified amounts shall be available to carry out each such set of investigations and projects under such study. |
Instructions: Given a sentence and an entity, the task is to select the authors sentiment towards the enity. Sentiments can be Positive, Neutral and Negative. Select Positive if the sentence expresses a positive view towards the given entity or praises its quality or skills. Select Neutral if the sentence expresses no clear view towards the entity or has equal amounts of positive and negative statements or expressing some fact/quote by someone else. Select Negative if the sentence expresses a negative view towards like harsh remarks, criticizing entities action/decision etc. Note that URLs in the text have been replaced with [Link].
Input: What is the sentiment of the following document towards the entity Jock Sanders ? "I'm a person who wholeheartedly believes in second chances. I had plenty of them coming up " Brown said. "If someone wasn't there to talk to me and help me out I wouldn't be in the position I am now."
Output: | Positive |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you're given a pair of sentences, sentence 1 and sentence 2. Your job is to choose whether the two sentences clearly agree (entailment)/disagree (contradiction) with each other, or if this cannot be determined (neutral). Your answer must be in the form of the numbers 0 (entailment), 1 (neutral), or 2(contradiction).
Problem:sentence_A: A man is mixing. sentence_B: A man is arranging the garden
Solution: | 1 |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you will be given a sentence about a person. You should determine how the sentence affects how the person is perceived by most people in society. Your choices are:
Positive: The social perception of [PERSON] in the sentence is considered predominantly positive.
Negative: The social perception of [PERSON] in the sentence is considered predominantly negative.
No impact: There is no clear impact of social perception of [PERSON] associated with the sentence.
See one example below:
Problem: [PERSON] behaved like a professional in the job interview.
Solution: Positive
Explanation: Behaving professionaly in a job interview has a positive impact on people's perception of a person.
Problem: [PERSON] was regarded as something of a bad person.
Solution: | Negative |
Given a story, answer the question about the story. The question is the last sentence in the input. These stories can be difficult due to their length and how each story has at least one of the three following scenarios: the first is when the individual's belief matches reality, the second is when the individual's belief does not match reality, and the third is when an individual has a false belief about another individual's beliefs. The question will ask about the location of an object in the story with respect to either none or one of the three scenarios.
Example input: Jacob entered the dining_room. William entered the dining_room. The tomato is in the green_drawer. William exited the dining_room. Jacob moved the tomato to the blue_cupboard. Jacob is in the dining_room. Olivia entered the dining_room. The cucumber is in the blue_cupboard. Olivia exited the dining_room. Jacob moved the cucumber to the green_drawer. William entered the pantry. Jacob entered the pantry. The asparagus is in the red_cupboard. Jacob exited the pantry. William moved the asparagus to the green_pantry. Abigail entered the hall. William entered the hall. The persimmon is in the blue_pantry. William exited the hall. Abigail moved the persimmon to the blue_envelope. Where does Abigail think that William searches for the persimmon?
Example output: blue_pantry
Example explanation: The persimmon was last in the blue_pantry before William exited the hall. After William exited the hall, Abigail moved the persimmon to the blue_envelope, so she knows where William will look for it.
Q: Benjamin entered the staircase. Ethan entered the staircase. The spinach is in the blue_suitcase. Ethan exited the staircase. Benjamin moved the spinach to the green_box. Ethan entered the garage. Amelia entered the garage. The watermelon is in the green_bottle. Amelia exited the garage. Ethan moved the watermelon to the red_bottle. Benjamin entered the garden. Olivia entered the garden. The pineapple is in the green_basket. Olivia exited the garden. Benjamin moved the pineapple to the blue_crate. Olivia entered the garden. Benjamin is in the garden. The pineapple is in the blue_crate. Benjamin exited the garden. Olivia moved the pineapple to the green_basket. Where will Benjamin look for the pineapple?
A: | blue_crate |
In this task, you are given a hypothesis and an update. The hypothesis sentence is a statement that speaks of a socially normative behavior. In other words, it is a generalizing statement about how we expect people to behave in society. The update provides additional contexts about the situation that might UNDERMINE or SUPPORT the generalization. An undermining context provides a situation that weakens the hypothesis. A supporting context provides a situation that strengthens the generalization. Your task is to output 'strengthener' or 'weakener' if the update supports or undermines the hypothesis, respectively
Example: Hypothesis: You should help your family with funeral expenses.
Update: They have asked you to chip in
Example solution: strengthener
Example explanation: If your family has asked you to chip in for the funeral expenses, you should help them.
Problem: Hypothesis: It's understandable to want to play.
Update: you have been stuck in school all day.
| Solution: strengthener |
Given an abstract, and a few options, indicate if any of the given options appropriately describe the given abstract. If any of them is a proper keyword, answer 'Yes', otherwise answer 'No'.
Example input: Abstract: Some patients converted from ventricular fibrillation to organized rhythms by defibrillation-trained ambulance technicians (EMT-Ds) will refibrillate before hospital arrival. The authors analyzed 271 cases of ventricular fibrillation managed by EMT-Ds working without paramedic back-up. Of 111 patients initially converted to organized rhythms, 19 (17%) refibrillated, 11 (58%) of whom were reconverted to perfusing rhythms, including nine of 11 (82%) who had spontaneous pulses prior to refibrillation. Among patients initially converted to organized rhythms, hospital admission rates were lower for patients who refibrillated than for patients who did not(53% versus 76%, P = NS), although discharge rates were virtually identical (37% and 35%, respectively). Scene-to-hospital transport times were not predictively associated with either the frequency of refibrillation or patient outcome. Defibrillation-trained EMTs can effectively manage refibrillation with additional shocks and are not at a significant disadvantage when paramedic back-up is not available.
Question Does the following mesh terms have a suitable mesh term for the abstract? 1)Ventricular Fibrillation 2)Transportation of Patients 3)Allied Health Personnel
Example output: Yes
Example explanation: Ventricular Fibrillation term is directly present in the abstract and it is one of the main topic in it. So can be chosen as the medical subject heading.
Q: Abstract: This study evaluated train-of-four recovery after the administration of vecuronium, comparing measured with visually observed responses. Responses to supramaximal stimuli of the ulnar nerves were measured by a force transducer, and compared with visually observed movements of the contralateral thumb. For the 10 patients anaesthetized with nitrous oxide and enflurane, the second, third and fourth twitches visually reappeared at 84 (+/- 10)%, 76 (+/- 11)%, and 70 (+/- 12)% measured blockade, respectively. For the other 10 patients, anaesthetized with a narcotic-barbiturate technique, the second, third and fourth twitches reappeared at 81 (+/- 8)%, 68 (+/- 9)%, and 59 (+/- 11)%. These results were not different for the two anaesthetic techniques.
Question Does the following mesh terms have a suitable mesh term for the abstract? 1)Anesthesia, General 2)Anesthesia, Inhalation 3)Comparative Study 4)Enflurane 5)Female 6)Human 7)Male 8)Muscle Contraction 9)Neuromuscular Blocking Agents 10)Nitrous Oxide 11)Thiopental 12)Transducers 13)Vecuronium 14)Visual Perception.
A: | Yes |
You are given a statement written in Hindi. Choose the most logical word from the given 4 options which can be used to replace the <MASK> token in the statement. Output the word from the correct option .
[Q]: Statement: अनुशंसा यह कहती है कि सच्चे गुरु या सत्गुरु का सबसे बड़ा गुण यह है कि वह स्वयं भी सच्चे मालिक ईश्वर को जान चुका हो। <MASK> के एक शब्द में सत्गुरु को सच्चा संत कहा गया है। भगवान राम के गुरु वसिष्ठ, त्रेता युग में सत्गुरु थे। स्वामी शंकर पुरुषोत्तम तीर्थ योग वासिष्ठ का संदर्भ देते हैं:-"वास्तविक गुरु वह है जो दृष्टि, स्पर्श, या अनुदेश से शिष्य के शरीर में आनंद संवेदन उत्पन्न कर दे". सत्गुरु का अखंड ब्रह्मचारी होना सभी ने आवश्यक नहीं माना है। उदाहरणत: हिंदु सत्गुरु तुकाराम, एक गृहस्थ थे। मोइनुद्दीनचिश्ती के भी परिवार था।
Option A: कबीर
Option B: नानक
Option C: वसिष्ठ
Option D: तुकाराम
[A]: कबीर
[Q]: Statement: <MASK> में इलेक्ट्रॉनिक सिगरेट और निकोटीन निजी उपयोग के लिए सिर्फ अन्य ईईए-देश (जैसे कि ब्रिटेन) से आयातित की जा सकती है। यानी कि अन्य ईईए-देश में जिसकी अनुमति है, अपने-आप उसकी अनुमति सारे ईईए देशों में हो जाती है (नार्वे एक ईईए देश है, ईयू देश नहीं). इसीलिए, व्यक्तिगत उपयोग के लिए इलेक्ट्रॉनिक सिगरेट यूरोपीय आर्थिक क्षेत्र (ईईए) के किसी भी देश से प्राप्त करने की अनुमति है। फिलहाल, यूरोपीय संघ और इसके 27 सदस्यों के साथ-साथ आइसलैंड, लिचेंस्टीन और नॉर्वे इस ईईए समझौते के संबंधित पक्ष हैं। यूरोपीय आर्थिक क्षेत्र देखें
Option A: डेनमार्क
Option B: ऑस्ट्रिया
Option C: न्यूजीलैंड
Option D: नॉर्वे
[A]: नॉर्वे
[Q]: Statement: मुखर्जी ने कमला गर्ल्स हाई स्कूल से अपनी माध्यामिक शिक्षा प्राप्त की और पथ भवन स्कूल से उच्च माध्यमिक शिक्षा। उन्होंने १९८७ में कम्प्यूटर साइंस और <MASK> इंजीनियरिंग कॉलेज, शिबपुर की प्रौद्योगिकी विभाग से इंजीनियरिंग की डिग्री प्राप्त की। उन्होंने १९९१ में, जादवपुर विश्वविद्यालय, कंप्यूटर विज्ञान और इंजीनियरिंग विभाग से इंजीनियरिंग डिग्री की मास्टर की उपाधि अर्जित की। मुखर्जी का पीएचडी काम समानांतर कंप्यूटिंग में था। २००१ में वह उच्च प्रदर्शन कंप्यूटिंग के शोध के लिए न्यूकैसल विश्वविद्यालय गए।
Option A: जनसंघ
Option B: बंगाल
Option C: कोलकाता
Option D: भारत
[A]: | बंगाल
|
You are given a sentence in Hebrew. Your job is to translate the Hebrew sentence into Arabic.
Example input: סך כל הפעולות של המהדקים על הגדיל הארוך מקפלות אותו לצורה דמויית מלבן.
Example output: ويمكن اعادة تكرار هذه العملية على طول الشريط لكي نطبق شريط الحمض النووي فنشكل ما يشبه المستطيلات
Example explanation: The Hebrew sentence is correctly translated into Arabic, because the meaning is preserved.
Q: סין. רוסיה. לא ברור.
A: | الصين.روسيا.دول غامضة. |
Detailed Instructions: You are given a negative review and your task is to convert it to a positive review by one or more making minimal changes. Avoid changing the context of the review.
Q: nope , way way worse .
A: | it was way better . |
The provided files include famous book titles and sentences in the English language, and we ask you to translate those to the Spanish Language. Please bear in mind the following guidelines while doing the translation: 1) We are looking for the most naturally written and form of each sentence in the Spanish language. 2) Also names, dates and places should be preserved it should not get translated.
Q: But you may be assured that I would not sacrifice one sentiment of local attachment of yours, or of any one whom I loved, for all the improvements in the world.
A: | Pero puede estar seguro de que ni todas las mejoras del mundo me llevarían a sacrificar los sentimientos de cariño hacia la casa que pueda tener usted, o cualquier persona a quien yo quiera. |
Detailed Instructions: In this task you are given a sentence with one coordinating conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, and so). You must judge whether the order of two coordinated clausal conjoints have been inverted or not. Inversion would result in the sentence sounding unnatural. Label the instances as "Original" or "Inversion" based on your judgment.
Q: It wasn 't off to a great start , but she really wanted to build a relationship with Nathan .
A: | Inversion |
In this task, you are given a sentence in the English language and your task is to convert it into the Hindi language. In the translation, keep numbers as it is and make it sentence case (capitalize only the first word of each sentence and noun).
Example input: पहले दो को अविश्वसनीय मानकर बाकी पांच मुखबिरों के आधार पर मुकदमा चलाया गया|
Example output: The first two were found unreliable and the prosecution case rested mainly on the evidence of the remaining five approvers .
Example explanation: Hindi sentence is properly converted into English sentence because the input also says that the first two were judged to be untrustworthy, thus the prosecution relied heavily on the testimony of the remaining five approvers. Also, the translated sentence is in a sentence case.
Q: यदि एक से अधिक मध्यस्थ हैं तो विवादी पक्षों को एक अधिनिर्णायक की नियुक्ति करनी होती है जिसे मध्यस्थों में असहमति होने की स्थिति में मामला प्रेषित किया जाता है ।
A: | If there is more than one arbitrator , the parties have to appoint an ' umpire ' to whom the dispute is referred if there is any disagreement between the arbitrators . |
In this task, you will be given two sentences separated by "because". You should decide whether the first sentence can be the result of the second sentence. If you can see a possible cause and effect relationship, answer with "plausible", otherwise answer with "not plausible".
Example: The woman went to the bank because pigs can fly.
Example solution: not plausible
Example explanation: Clearly, there can't be a causation relationship between someone going to the bank and pigs flying.
Problem: the friends' debate dragged on interminably because they knew what was coming
| Solution: not plausible |
Instructions: Given a sentence in French, provide an equivalent paraphrased translation in Korean that retains the same meaning both through the translation and the paraphrase.
Input: Les romans lumineux sont écrits par Dojyomaru et illustrés par Fuyuyuki et publiés par Overlap Bunko.
Output: | 가벼운 소설은 Dojyomaru에 의해 쓰여지고 Fuyuyuki에 의해 설명되고, Overlap Bunko에 의해 간행된다. |
In this task, you are given a sentence in the english language. Here, your job is to convert english sentence into the bulgarian language.
Q: The next item is the joint debate on the following reports:
A: | Следващата точка е общото разискване по следните доклади: |
In this task, you are given a tuple, comprising Head and Tail, separated with <sep>. The Head and the Tail events are short phrases possibly involving participants. The names of specific people have been replaced by generic words (e.g., PersonX, PersonY, PersonZ). PersonX is always the subject of the event. You have to determine whether, as a result of the Head, PersonY or others will be affected as mentioned in the Tail or not. These effects are social actions that may occur after the Head event. For example, X may get hugged, and Y may blush in response. Classify your answers into "Yes" and "No". The phrase may also contain "___", a placeholder that can be an object, a person, and/or an action.
Example: Head: PersonX goes the way of the dodo<sep>Tail: none
Example solution: Yes
Example explanation: This is a good example. As a result of the Head, others won't be affected.
Problem: Head: PersonX asks PersonY's mother<sep>Tail: learns something
| Solution: No |
Detailed Instructions: In this task you will be given a list of integers. You should remove all of the integers that are divisible by 3 from the list. If every integer in the input list is divisible by 3 then an empty list should be returned. Zero is divisible by 3.
Q: [41, -98, -1, -55, -80, 80, 95, -6, 80]
A: | [41, -98, -1, -55, -80, 80, 95, 80] |
Instructions: In this task, you're given the middle and ending of a three-part story. Your job is to complete the short story by writing a probable beginning of the story. Generated sentences must be short, have fewer than 10 words, and be simple as if narrating to a child. Avoid using any irrelevant extra information when creating the beginning, and use names (e.g. Jack, Barbara,...) instead of pronouns (e.g. he / she) wherever possible.
Input: Middle: My friend Sam lost a competition and was upset. Ending: I think he was a bit down on himself.
Output: | My friend Sam is very competitive. |
Instructions: You are given a math word problem and you are supposed to apply division mathematical operator on the numbers embedded in the text to answer the following question and then only report the final numerical answer.
Input: Context: White t - shirts can be purchased in packages. If mom buys 28 packages which contain 56 white t - shirts in total
Question: How many white t - shirts does each package have?
Output: | 2 |
You are given a news article in the Thai language and a genre in the English language. Classify the sentiment of the given genre into "positive" and "negative" according to the Thai article.
Title: นักวิชาการอเมริกันยัน ไฟใต้พันต่างชาติ
Body: ศูนย์ข่าวภาคใต้- 14 ต.ค.47 เมื่อวันที่ 13 ต.ค.ที่ผ่านมา มหาวิทยาลัยสงขลานครินทร์ วิทยาเขตปัตตานี ร่วมกับจุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย ได้จัดสัมมนาการเกี่ยวกับปัญหาจังหวัดชายแดนภาคใต้ โดยศาสตราจารย์ ดร.เดนิส เจ.ดี.แซนโดล นักวิชาการด้านการแก้ปัญหาความขัดแย้งและความสัมพันธ์นานาชาติ จากสถาบันวิเคราะห์ความขัดแย้งและการแก้ปัญหา มหาวิทยาลัยจอร์จ เมสัน รัฐเวอร์จีเนีย สหรัฐอเมริกา มาร่วมเป็นวิทยากรด้วย
ดร.เดนิส กล่าวกับ "ประชาไท" ว่า ต้องการนำปัญหาและการแก้ไขปัญหาความความขัดแย้งในพื้นที่จังหวัดชายแดนภาคใของไทย เป็นกรณีศึกษาการแก้ปัญหาในภูมิภาคเอเชียตะวันออกเฉียงใต้ โดยเฉพาะการนำไปเป็นต้นแบบการแก้ปัญหาความขัดแย้งที่ภาคใต้ของฟิลิปปินส์ เพราะความรุนแรงในภาคใต้ของไทยเป็นปัญหาการก่อการร้ายระหว่างประเทศ ขณะนี้กำลังมีการจัดระเบียบความเข้าใจเกี่ยวกับการก่อการร้ายในกลุ่มประเทศอาเซียนขึ้นใหม่
ดร.เดนิส กล่าวว่า ไม่ควรให้ปัญหาที่เกิดขึ้นในพื้นที่ 3 จังหวัดชายแดนภาคใต้ขยายตัว รัฐบาลต้องแก้ปัญหาด้วยการพัฒนาด้านเศรษฐกิจในพื้นที่ ไม่ใช่การใช้กำลังทางทหาร แต่ในขณะเดียวกันไทยเป็นสมาชิกอาเซียน ควรให้กลุ่มประเทศสมาชิกมาช่วย ถึงแม้การขอความช่วยเหลือจากต่างประเทศเป็นเรื่องละเอียดอ่อน แต่ถ้าไม่ขอความช่วยเหลือ สถานการณ์ก็อาจจะสายเกินไป
ดร.เดนิส กล่าวว่า ความไม่สงบในจังหวัดชายแดนภาคใต้ ไม่ได้มีสาเหตุมาจากความขัดแย้งทางศาสนา ศาสนาเป็นเพียงเงื่อนไขหนึ่งเท่านั้น สาเหตุของปัญหามาจากเรื่องเศรษฐกิจ โดยเฉพาะความยากจน เนื่องจากประชาชนไม่มีส่วนในการบริหารจัดการทรัพยากรของตนเอง ส่งผลให้มุสลิมในพื้นที่มองว่า ไม่ได้รับการดูแลเอาใจใส่จากรัฐบาลเท่าที่ควร เมื่อพยายามชี้แจงให้รัฐบาลเข้าใจ รัฐบาลก็ไม่รับฟัง จึงหันไปจับอาวุธขึ้นสู้ จะเห็นได้ว่า ประเทศที่มีมุสลิมเป็นส่วนน้อยในแต่ละประเทศ ส่วนใหญ่มักจะเป็นชุมชนที่ยากจนที่สุดของประเทศ
ดร.เดนิส กล่าวอีกว่า ในการแก้ปัญหารัฐบาลต้องใช้สันติวิธีเท่านั้น ต้องไม่ใช้กำลังทหาร เพราะการใช้กำลังจะทำให้ปัญหาลุกลามได้ รัฐต้องส่งเสริมทางด้านเศรษฐกิจ สนับสนุนให้มีคนมาลงทุน และเน้นการจัดสวัสดิการให้ประชาชนให้มาก ตนเสนอให้จัดสัมมนาโดยเชิญทุกฝ่ายมาคุยกันอย่างเปิดอก และเชิญรัฐบาลมาเลเซียมาช่วยแก้ปัญหาคนมุสลิมในจังหวัดชายแดนภาคใต้ของไทย เช่นเดียวกับที่รัฐบาลมาเลเซียเคยช่วยคนมุสลิม ในจังหวัดมินดาเนาทางตอนใต้ของฟิลิปปินส์ เพราะเป็นมุสลิมด้วยกัน
มูฮำหมัด ดือราแม
ศูนย์ข่าวภาคใต้รายงาน
What is the sentiment in the text for the genre: environment | negative |
In medical studies, treatments are tested within a group of study participants. To determine if a new treatment works, various outcomes are measured in the people who take part in the study. You will be given a sentence of a study report in which your task is to list the phrases that give information about the outcomes of the study. You should list the phrases in the same order that they appear in the text, separated by commas. If no information about the outcome is mentioned, just answer with: "not found".
Outcomes contain: outcomes measured in patients: like blood sugar,
outcomes regarding the intervention: like effectiveness, costs
the score on a medical test or questionnaire,
positive or negative events in the patient groups: like quitting smoking, or adverse reactions.
Do not mention numbers or results, interpretations of outcomes, outcome mentions without relevant information.
Example input: Effects of 12 weeks' treatment with a proton pump inhibitor on insulin secretion, glucose metabolism and markers of cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes
Example output: insulin secretion, glucose metabolism and markers of cardiovascular risk
Example explanation: The study is measuring effects of a treatment on several outcomes, which are: insulin secretion, glucose metabolism and markers of cardiovascular risk.
Q: Amonafide : An active agent in the treatment of previously untreated advanced breast cancer -- a cancer and leukemia group B study ( CALGB 8642 ) .
A: | not found |
In this task, you will be shown a Persian passage. You need to write a Persian question for the passage. Your question should be answerable based on the passage and only have one correct answer.
Example: وارن بافت، (زادهٔ ۳۰ اوت ۱۹۳۰) سرمایهگذار، اقتصاددان، مدیر اجرایی و نیکوکار آمریکایی است، که هماکنون (۲۰۲۱) با دارایی بیش از ۸۵ میلیارد دلار، بهعنوان هشتمین فرد ثروتمند جهان شناخته میشود. او مدیرعامل و رئیس هیئت مدیره شرکت برکشایر هاتاوی است. و مالکیت شرکتهای گایکو، دیری کوئین، هاینز و مارس اینکورپوریتد را در اختیار دارد، همچنین دارای سهام در شرکتهای اپل، جنرال الکتریک، گلدمن ساکس، ولز فارگو، شرکتهای کوکاکولا و پپسی، آمریکن اکسپرس، بنک آو امریکا و آیبیام میباشد. در زندگینامه وارن بافت آمدهاست که پدرش هاوارد بافت، تاجر و سیاستمدار بود. وارن بافت دومین فرزند از ۳ فرزند و تنها پسر خانواده بافت بود. او در دوران کودکی نیز استعداد زیادی در تجارت داشت. وارن تحصیلات خود را در دبستان رز هیل در شهر اوماها آغاز کرد. در سال ۱۹۴۲ پدرش در انتخابات کنگره آمریکا پیروز شد و در پی آن وارن بافت به همراه خانواده به واشینگتن دی سی نقل مکان کرد. وی در آنجا در مدرسه راهنمایی آلیس دیل تحصیلاتاش را ادامه داد و در سال ۱۹۴۷ در ۱۶ سالگی از دبیرستان وودرو ویلسون فارغالتحصیل شد.
Example solution: وارن بافت صاحب کدام شرکت ها می باشد؟
Example explanation: This is a good example. Based on the passage, you can answer this question.
Problem: خواب زمستانی یا زمستانخوابی، حالت عدم فعالیت متابولیکی در جانوران و کندی درازمدت آنها در زمستان است. در این حالت، درجه حرارت بدن پایین میآید، تنفس آهستهتر میشود و سوخت و ساز بدن کند میگردد. دلیل این حالت در جانوران، زنده ماندن در زمستان، بقاء در زمان کمبود غذا و بهرهبرداری از بافت چربی است. بسته به گونه جانور، درجه حرارت محیط و زمان سال، میزان خواب زمستانی متغیر است. فصل زمستان بهطور معمول برای جانورانی که در این فصل میخواهند به وسیلهٔ دورههای منقطع خواب زمستانی مشخص میشوند که توسط خصوصیات فردی درجه حرارت بدن به میزان عادی قابل برگشت است. فرضیهای وجود دارد که جانورانی که در فصل زمستان میخوابند نیاز به خوابیدن بهطور آهسته در طول زمستان در مقایسه با شکل معمولی خوابیدن دارند؛ و گاهی اوقات به منظور خوابیدن باید گرما دریافت کند. این فرضیه توسط سنجاب زمینی قطب شمال در برخی شواهد حمایت شدهاست. طی زمستان، رشد بیشتر گیاهان متوقف شده و اکثر جانوران خونسرد مثل حشرات فعالیت خود را کاهش میدهند.
| Solution: چه چیزی باعث می شود مدت خواب زمستانی متغیر باشد؟ |
Q: Translate "You are being criticised for this, but it sometimes seems to me that you have been made the scapegoat in a situation which is outside your control and which is caused by the fact that the Member States do not have the political will to agree on a common approach." to Finnish?
Yes: Teitä on arvosteltu siitä, mutta minusta tuntuu joskus siltä, että teistä on tehty syntipukki tilanteessa, joka ei ole teidän hallinnassanne ja jonka aiheuttaa se, että jäsenvaltioilla ei ole poliittista tahtoa sopia yhteisestä lähestymistavasta.
Q: Translate "Mr President, once we have looked at the fact that all the contents of SAB 4 were to be reallocated within category 4, in view of the fact that Parliament and the Council have decided to finance these within title B-1 Agriculture, I will change the subject a little because my problem is not with the SABs." to Finnish?
Yes: Arvoisa puhemies, nyt kun olemme nähneet, miten koko täydentävän ja korjaavan talousarvion 4/99 sisältö on aiottu kohdistaa uudelleen menoluokkaan 4 sen vuoksi, että parlamentti ja neuvosto ovat päättäneet rahoittaa nämä toimet maatalouden määrärahoista otsakkeessa B1, haluaisin poiketa hieman aiheesta, sillä minun ongelmani ei liity täydentäviin ja korjaaviin talousarvioihin.
Q: Translate "Such a renewal may be brought about in the European Union by innovation and by research and development." to Finnish?
Yes: | Tällainen uudistus on mahdollista toteuttaa Euroopan unionissa innovoinnin, tutkimuksen ja kehittämisen avulla. |
Given a part of privacy policy text, identify the type of personal information which is collected, used, tracked or retained. The type of information should be present inside the given policy text, answer as 'Not Specified' otherwise
Q: The site collects your unspecified information for personalization or customization. Collection happens on the website.
A: | Unspecified |
Q: Translate "US and EU representatives signed a common declaration to support Kosovo's regional integration and its institutional and economic development on Tuesday (June 10th), during a summit held in Brdo pri Kranju, Slovenia." to Turkish?
A: ABD ve AB temsilcileri 10 Haziran Salı günü Slovenya'nın Brdo pri Kranju kentinde gerçekleşen zirvede, Kosova'nın bölgesel entegrasyonu ve kurumsal ve ekonomik gelişimine destek veren ortak bir bildirgeye imza attılar.
input question: Write a sentence not in English.
output answer: EULEX Cumartesi günü bu açıklamaya yanıt verdi.
Q: Translate "ICTY President Theodor Meron, visiting Belgrade on Tuesday, said that the tribunal would cease to operate only when the trials of Ratko Mladic, Radovan Karadzic and Ante Gotovina are concluded." to Turkish?
Yes: Salı günü Belgrad'ı ziyaret eden ICTY Başkanı Theodor Meron, mahkemenin faaliyetlerine son vermesinin ancak Ratko Mladiç, Radovan Karadziç ve Ante Gotovina davaları sonuçlandığı zaman mümkün olacağını söyledi.
[Q]: Bence parti başka bir partiye veya daha küçük iki partiye dönüşebilir.
Translate this to English?
[A]: I think the party could be transformed into another party or two smaller ones.
Question:
Çoğu Afganistan'da önceden görev yaptığı için ülkeyi iyi tanıyorlar.
Could you please translate this to English?
Answer:
Most have previously served in Afghanistan, so they know the country well.
Question:
Kazı, Kıbrıs Üniversitesi'nin desteğiyle Dr. Carole McCartney yönetiminde gerçekleşti.
Could you please translate this to English?
Answer:
| The dig was conducted under the direction of Dr. Carole McCartney, with support from the University of Cyprus. |
Convert a disfluent question to a proper question. A disfluent question is a question that has some interruptions in it while framing. A proper question is the correct form of the question without any disfluency.
Example: Why was uh where was the Rhine regulated with an upper canal?
Example solution: Where was the Rhine regulated with an upper canal?
Example explanation: The above disfluent question is correctly converted to a proper question. The 'uh' and the 'why' before the correction should be removed to make it fluent.
Problem: When or actually tell me what can keep an object from moving when it is being pushed on a surface?
| Solution: What can keep an object from moving when it is being pushed on a surface? |
Detailed Instructions: Languages typically provide more than one grammatical construction to express certain types of messages. Your task is to generate a senetence with the same meaning as given sentence, but with different grammatical construction.
Q: John exhibited her something
A: | John exhibited something to her |
You are given a sentence in Portuguese. Your job is to translate the Portuguese sentence into Arabic.
Example: Mas o que são direitos humanos?
Example solution: ولكن ماهي حقوق الإنسان ؟
Example explanation: The Portugese sentence is correctly translated into Arabic, because the meaning is preserved.
Problem: A tecnologia da informação cresce de forma exponencial.
| Solution: تقنية المعلومات تنمو بطريقة أسية |
In this task, you will be given a sentence or two along with a change aspect. You should change the given text in the given aspect. Aspects are explained below:
Tense: Change the tense of the verbs in the text. If they're in past tense, change them to present, and if they're in present tense, change them to past tense.
Number: Change the number of the nouns in the given text. Make plurals into singles and single into plurals. Remember to change the corresponding pronouns accordingly.
Voice: If the verbs are in active voice, change them to be passive, otherwise, change them to be in active voice.
Adverb: add one or multiple adverbs to the text.
Gender: If the text contains female names and pronouns, substitute them with male names and pronouns. Do the same for sentences with mala names and pronouns.
Q: sentence: The older students were bullying the younger ones , so we rescued them . aspect: Number
A: | The older student was bullying the younger one , so we rescued her . |
Detailed Instructions: In this task you will be given a list of numbers and you need to find the mean (average) of that list. The mean of a list can be found by summing every number in the list then dividing the result by the size of that list. The output should be rounded to 3 decimal places.
Q: [151.208, 165.432, 158.885, -88.153, 7.223, -68.982, 240.131]
A: | 80.821 |
Given a sentence in Chinese, provide an equivalent paraphrased translation in Spanish that retains the same meaning both through the translation and the paraphrase.
Let me give you an example: 1975年的NBA赛季 - 76赛季是全美篮球协会的第30个赛季。
The answer to this example can be: La temporada 1975 - 76 de la Asociación Nacional de Baloncesto fue la temporada 30 de la NBA.
Here is why: This is a correct and accurate translation from Chinese to Spanish because the translated paraphrase retains the main message that between the years 1975-1976, the 30th NBA season occurred.
OK. solve this:
SR 164于1923年从Youngstown委托给Salineville。
Answer: | La SR 164 se encargó en 1923, se envió de Youngstown a Salineville. |
In this task, you're given a context passage, an answer, and a question. Your task is to classify whether the question for this answer is correct or not, based on the given context with commonsense reasoning about social situations. If its correct ,return "True" else "False".
Example input: Context: Tracy didn't go home that evening and resisted Riley's attacks.
Answer: Find somewhere to go
Question: What does Tracy need to do before this?
Example output: True
Example explanation: That's the correct question. Because Tracy has to resist Riley's attack and the answer is she has to find somewhere to go. So, the question is what does she do before this?
Q: Context: Cameron told Jan's stories to everyone even though they had promised not to.
Answer: mad
Question: How would Jan feel as a result?
A: | True |
Definition: You are given a context, a pronoun, and a noun in this task. The given pronoun is shown in the context within parentheses. You should determine if the pronoun refers to the given noun or not. Please answer with "True" and "False".
Input: Pete envies Martin because (he) is very successful. <sep> Pronoun:he <sep> Noun: Pete
Output: | False |
Two analogies that relate places/locations to the associated travel mode is given in the form "A : B. C : ?". "A : B" relates place A to travel mode B. Your task is to replace the question mark (?) with the appropriate travel mode for the given place C, following the "A : B" relation.
Q: washington : airplane. work : ?
A: | car |
Detailed Instructions: Given a pair of words, deduce the type of relationship between them. The various types of relations are: 'HYPER', 'COORD' and 'RANDOM'. Let's denote the first word by X and the second word by Y. A COORD relationship holds when X and Y belong to the same semantic class. A HYPER relationship applies when X is a specific instance of Y. If niether COORD nor HYPER are applicable then the relationship is RANDOM.
Q: X: pub, Y: say
A: | RANDOM |
You are given a dialog between 2 or more individuals. Within the dialog, there will be clues as to the names of the speakers. You will be asked at the end of the dialog to identify the name of one of the speakers.
Example input: Speaker 1: It's been an hour and not one of my classmates has shown up! I tell you, when I actually die some people are gonna get seriously haunted!
Speaker 2: There you go! Someone came!
Speaker 1: Ok, ok! I'm gonna go hide! Oh, this is so exciting, my first mourner!
Speaker 3: Hi, glad you could come.
Speaker 2: Please, come in.
Speaker 4: Hi, you're Chandler Bing, right? I'm Tom Gordon, I was in your class.
Speaker 2: Oh yes, yes... let me... take your coat.
Speaker 4: Thanks... uh... I'm so sorry about Ross, it's...
Speaker 2: At least he died doing what he loved... watching blimps.
Speaker 1: Who is he?
Speaker 2: Some guy, Tom Gordon.
Speaker 1: I don't remember him, but then again I touched so many lives.
Speaker 3: So, did you know Ross well?
Speaker 4: Oh, actually I barely knew him. Yeah, I came because I heard Chandler's news. D'you know if he's seeing anyone?
Speaker 3: Yes, he is. Me.
Speaker 4: What? You... You... Oh! Can I ask you a personal question? Ho-how do you shave your beard so close?
Speaker 2: Ok Tommy, that's enough mourning for you! Here we go, bye bye!!
Speaker 4: Hey, listen. Call me.
Speaker 2: Ok!
Question: What is the name or nickname of Speaker 2?
Example output: Chandler Bing
Example explanation: Speaker 4 asks Speaker 2 if they are Chandler Bing, and Speaker 2 responds 'yes'
Q: Speaker 1: Hello? Oh, Pheebs! It's Phoebe!
Speaker 2: Oh, yay...
Speaker 3: Great...
Speaker 1: Hi!
Speaker 4: Hi, so what happened?
Speaker 1: Well, Ross said my name.
Speaker 4: Yeah, I know, but I don't think that means anything.
Speaker 1: Okay, Pheebs, y'know what, let's look at this objectively all right? Ninth grade, right? The obsession starts. All right? The summer after ninth grade he sees me in a two-piece for the first time, his obsession begins to grow. So then... What is the name or nickname of
Speaker 4?
A: | Pheebs |
Generate a topic word for the given sentence. A topic word is usually the name of a person, place, animal, concept or object the sentence is focusing on.
Q: in geometry, the diameter of a circle is a line from one side directly to the opposite side through the centre.
A: | diameter |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you are given a premise sentence. Your task is to write a new sentence by substituting the subject and object (i.e., the input's subject should be output's object and vice versa.). The generated sentence must be fluent and shouldn't change the voice (i.e., passive or active) of the input.
Q: The scientist helped the manager .
A: | The manager helped the scientist . |
Q: Read the given message of a sender that is intended to start a conversation, and determine whether it was written by a 'Bot' or by a 'Human'. Typically, bots will have a more disjointed manner of speaking, and will make statements that don't relate to each other, don't make coherent sense, or otherwise appear unnatural. Human will make statements in a more or less coherent and logical way. Since these messages are supposed to be conversation openers, humans will generally start sensibly with a hello or an introduction. Humans may also ask why the other person is not responding. Bots, however, may act as if they are in the middle of a nonsensical conversation.
SENDER A: Hi! How is your day? 😉
A: | Bot |
In this task, you will be given a food review and a question about the reviewer's sentiment toward one aspect of the food in Persian. You have to infer the answer to the question from the review and classify it. Classify the reviewer's sentiment into: "no sentiment expressed", "negative", "neutral", "positive", and "mixed". The mixed category indicates reviews where none of the sentiments are dominant (mix of positive and negative, or borderline cases); hence it is hard to detect the primary sentiment. Also, assign neutral label to reviews that express no clear sentiment toward an entity or any aspect of it. The "no sentiment expressed" label should be assigned to the reviews where the given aspect didn't discuss in the text.
Q: بستهبندی کیفیت مناسبی داره و بنمانو هم کیفیت متوسط رو به بالا داره<sep>Question: نظر شما در مورد کیفیت و تازگی این قهوه چیست؟
A: | positive |
Two analogies that relate items to the associated containers is given in the form "A : B. C : ?". "A : B" relates item A to its associated container B. Your task is to replace the question mark (?) with the appropriate container for the given item C, following the "A : B" relation.
Example input: soda : can. water : ?
Example output: bottle
Example explanation: The given analogy relates items to their containers. Soda can be stored in a can. Water can be stored in a bottle.
Q: coat : closet. ketchup : ?
A: | bottle |
Instructions: Given a sentence in Japanese, provide an equivalent paraphrased translation in Korean that retains the same meaning both through the translation and the paraphrase.
Input: シリーズの5冊が印刷されましたが、プロジェクトは中止されずに終了しました。
Output: | 이 시리즈의 다섯 호가 인쇄되었지만 프로젝트는 취소되지 않고 완료되었습니다. |
Given a part of privacy policy text, identify the type of personal information which is collected, used, tracked or retained. The type of information should be present inside the given policy text, answer as 'Not Specified' otherwise
Q: The site collects your demographic information for advertising. Collection happens on the website.
A: | Demographic |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you are given an input list A. You need to find all the elements of the list that are numbers and calculate their sum.
Q: ['171', '7101', '3935', 'X', '7451', '1313', '2157', '6021', 'u', 'w', '6285', '7519', '5607', 'V', '3791', 'H', '2769', 'f']
A: | 54120 |
In this task you will be given two dialogues. You need to determine if both dialogues have the same underlying emotion. The possible emotions are happy, sad, angry, or other. If they do output 'yes', if not output 'no'.
Example: Dialogue 1: 'when did i called u ugly pony when did you ever call fuck u ur rlly a mad person asshole rnda bc'. Dialogue 2: 'go to dhapar math do sl maths a lot of places don't like maths studies it's amazing'.
Example solution: no
Example explanation: The first dialogue is an angry dialogue and the second dialogue is a happy dialogue. Therefore, they are not the same emotion so the output is 'no'. So this is a good example.
Problem: Dialogue 1: 'but when to go next friday everything's booked already thnx'. Dialogue 2: 'whatever anyway when you coming back can i ask you'.
| Solution: yes |
Detailed Instructions: This task is about identifying the subject of a given sentence. The subject of a sentence is the person, place, or thing that is performing the action of the sentence. The subject represents what or whom the sentence is about. Each sentence in this task is guaranteed to contain a single subject. The input is a sentence and the output is the identified subject of that sentence.
Q: English is the language spoken in the United States.
A: | United States |
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. Given a sentence in Tagalog language, translate the sentence to English language keeping the meaning of the original sentence intact.
Tagalog sentence: Ako ay malapit sa iyo at siyang nagtutulak sa Diyos para sa bawat isa sa atin, upang ikaw ay bigyan ng lakas upang baguhin ang inyong puso. Maraming salamat sa inyong pagtugon sa aking pagtawag." 01/98
| I am close to you and intercede before God for each of you, so that He may give you strength to change your heart. Thank you for having responded to my call." 01/98 |
A text is given in Hindi. Translate it from the Hindi language to the Oriya language. The translation must not omit or add information to the original sentence.
Example input: तो राष्ट्रपति जी ने आपकी इतनी तारीफ की, यानी भारतीय समुदाय के लिए वो गर्व अनुभव करते थे, और ये जब मैं सुनता था मुझे इतना आनंद आ रहा था, पूरी मेरे हिन्दुस्तान से आने की पूरी थकान उतर गई।
Example output: ତେଣୁ ରାଷ୍ଟ୍ରପତି ତୁମକୁ ବହୁତ ପ୍ରଶଂସା କଲେ, ଯାହା ହେଉଛି ଭାରତୀୟ ସାମାଜିକ ସାମାଜିକ ସାମାଜିକ ସାମାଜିକ, ଏବଂ ଯେତେବେଳେ ମୁଁ ମୋ କଥା ଶୁଣୁଥିଲି, ମୋର ହିନ୍ଦୁଲାଠାରୁ ଆସିବାର ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ମୋଟା ଆସିଲା |
Example explanation: Correct translation for given sentence. Input sentence means 'So President praised you so much, that is, those proud of the Indian community experienced, and when I listened to me, I was so happy, the whole fatigue of coming from my Hindustan came.' which is the same as the output sentence.
Q: और मैंने देखा है कि कुछ लोग बारीकी से मोदी क्या करते हैं? मोदी कहा जाते हैं?
A: | ଏସବୁ ସୂକ୍ଷ୍ମତାର ସହ ଅନୁଧ୍ୟାନ କରି ଏହାକୁ ଅନୁଗମନ (follow) କରନ୍ତି । ମୋ ପାଖକୁ ଗୋଟିଏ ଖୁବ୍ କୌତୁହଳଜନକ ଫୋନକଲ୍ ଆସିଲା, ମୁଁ ମଧ୍ୟ ଏଭଳି ଚିନ୍ତା କରିନଥିଲି । କିନ୍ତୁ ସେ ଯେଉଁକଥା ଧରିଛନ୍ତି ସେଥିପାଇଁ ମୁଁ ତାଙ୍କ ନିକଟରେ କୃତଜ୍ଞ । ଏହି ଫୋନ କଲ ଶୁଣିଲେ ଆପଣ ମଧ୍ୟ ଜାଣିପାରିବେ । |
The provided file includes inquiries about restaurants, and we ask you to translate those to the German language. Please bear in mind the following guidlines while doing the translation: 1) We are looking for the most naturally written and formal form of each sentence in your language. We are *NOT* looking for colloquial forms of the sentence. We are looking for formal form which is how you would type your queries in a text-based virtual assistant. 2) The words between quotation marks are named entities and *SHOULD NOT* be translated. We expect you to keep those values intact and include the quotation marks around them as well. 3) The fully capitalized words like DATE_0, or DURATION_0 *SHOULD NOT* be translated. Please keep them as they are in the translations. 4) Please do not localize measurement units like miles to kilometers during your translation. miles should be translated to its equivalent in your language. 5) Note the input is all lowercased except for special placeholders. Please do the same in your translations.
Q: what is the highest rated restaurant in this area ?
A: | was ist das am besten bewertete restaurant in der umgebung? |
Your task is to localize given English phrase into Telugu language. When localising, follow these rules - (1) General names and concepts can be translated (2) Domain specific names can just be transliterated (3) Localised phrases can have both partial translated and transliterated parts (4) But only partial translation or only partial transliteration is not allowed (5) Copy special characters and numbers as is
Q: Press, move right, release.
A: | వత్తుము, కుడికి కదుపుము, వదులుము. |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you need to count the number of words in a sentence that end with the given letter. Answer with numbers and not words.
See one example below:
Problem: Sentence: 'the street light is green in the city'. How many words end with the letter 't' in the sentence.
Solution: 2
Explanation: The words 'street', and 'light' end with the letter 't'. So, the answer is 2.
Problem: Sentence: 'a parade has a float with a fire hydrant on it'. How many words end with the letter 'a' in the sentence.
Solution: | 3 |
In this task, you are given inputs i and A, where i is an integer and A is a list. You need to list all the elements of A preceding the last i elements. i will always have a value less than the length of A.
One example: 3, ['a', '34', 'f', '931', '7', '3432', '13245', '762']
Solution is here: a, 34, f, 931, 7
Explanation: Here, all the elements except the last 3 from the list are 'a', '34', 'f', '931', and '7'.
Now, solve this: 1, ['n', '8547', '3961', 'w', '9717', '1791', 'y', '5717', 'I', '1301', '5451', 'e', '8273', '581', 'S', '5099', '249', 'm']
Solution: | n, 8547, 3961, w, 9717, 1791, y, 5717, I, 1301, 5451, e, 8273, 581, S, 5099, 249 |
Definition: In this task, you will be given sentences in which you have to recognize the name of the body cells. A cell is a mass of cytoplasm that is bound externally by a cell membrane. Usually microscopic in size, cells are the smallest structural units of living matter and compose all living things. Although there might be several correct answers, you need to write one of them.
Input: Here we have investigated the potential involvement of the Src - like adapter protein ( SLAP - 2 ) in signaling by the CSF - 1 receptor in mouse bone marrow - derived macrophages .
Output: | macrophages |
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